What word do you use to begin your

Главная » Английский язык — 5 — 9 классы

of a vocational, technical, or

professional (university) training program and you have the same

interests, you already know the kind of job you want.

3.Begin by thinking about the work you can do. Include work you

have been trained to do, work you have actually done, and work you

enjoy doing.

4. Next, talk to as many people as possible about jour job interests and

concerns.

5. Thinking and talking help you build a network of people interested

in helping you.

6. This network will lead to specific job contacts.

7. However job counseling is also useful.

8.Job counseling is a professional service that may include vocational

— interest and aptitude testing; informing and advising about

particular jobs; and providing training and guidance in the various

steps at a job search.

1. Find in the text the equivalents of the following word and

word-combinations.

Поиски работы, профессиональное учебное заведение,

профессиональные контакты, служба трудоустройства, проверка

профессиональной пригодности и интересов, обучение и

руководство.

1.2. Answer the questions to text 1.

1.What must you do to begin your job search?

2.What must you include when thinking about the work you can do?

3.How can you build a network of people interested in helping you?

4.What is job counseling?

5.Does it provide training and guidance?

Ответ №1

Ответ:

1. Поиски работы — job search

профессиональное учебное заведение — professional university

профессиональные контакты — job contacts

служба трудоустройства — job counseling

обучение и  руководство — training and guidance

1.2

1. To begin your job search, you must identify the kind of job you  want.

2. Include work you  have been trained to do, work you have actually done, and work you  enjoy doing.

3. Thinking and talking help you build a network of people interested  in helping you.

4. Job counseling is a professional service that may include vocational  interest and aptitude testing

5.Yes, It is providing training and guidance in the various  steps at a job search.

Объяснение:

ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЕ ЗАНЯТИЕ.

Тема занятия

Интервью с работодателем.

Цели занятия

Цели занятия

• Совершенствование навыков аудирования.

• Совершенствование грамматических навыков.

• Развитие навыков диалогической речи.

ЗАДАНИЯ К ПРАКТИЧЕСКИМ ЗАНЯТИЯМ, КОТОРЫЕ НУЖНО ВЫПОЛНИТЬ СТУДЕНТАМ

I.Выполнение задания на повторение темы предыдущего урока.

1.Повторение лексики.

поиски работы- job search

профессиональное учебное заведение- vocational, professional (university) training programme

про­фессиональные контакты- specific job contacts

служба трудоустройства- Job counselling

проверка про­фессиональной пригодности и интересов- interest and aptitude testing

обучение и руковод­ство- providing training and guidance

Объявление- advertisement

подходящая работа- particular job that is of interest to you профессиональные журналы- professional journals объявления о приеме на работу- Job advertisements “требуются на работу”- “Help wanted”

“ищу работу”- “Jobs wanted”

профессиональный опыт- work experience местонахождение фирмы- the location of the job

рабочий день- the working hours

оплата- the pay

нереальные предложения- unrealistic offers

заработать много денег- make a lot of money

Предприниматели- Employers

Работники- employees

Навыки- skills

отбор работника (на­дежность работника)- dependability личные качества- personal characteristics

претендовать на (работу)- apply for a job

сдать экзамен- take a test

пройти медицинское обследование- have a physical examination

представить резюме и рекомендации-  submit references,

2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы. Answer the following questions:

1. What must you do to begin your job search? То begin your job search, you must identify the kind of job you want, where the jobs are, and what employers expect

2. What must you include when thinking about the work you can do? Include the work you have been trained to do, the work you have actually done, and the work you enjoy doing

3. How can you build a network of people interested in helping you? Thinking and talking help you build a network of people interested in helping you

4. What is job counselling? Job counselling is a professional service that may include vocational

5. Does it provide training and guidance? and providing training and guidance in the various steps at a job search

1. What is the best method to use according to many people?

2. Where can we find job advertisements?

3. What are the 2 main types of job adds?

4. Why must you read want adds? What information does it contain?

5. What kind of adds should we avoid?

3. Скажите в нескольких словах, какие документы вы должны приготовить перед тем как обращаться по поводу работы. Say in a few words, what documents you must prepare before applying for a job.

Depending on the job you are applying for, you might have to complete an application form, submit a resume, take a test, have a physical examination, or submit references, samples of your work, and copies of your school records.

II .Выполнение упражнений по теме урока.

Речевая зарядка.

1. Have you ever had an interview for a job? What questions must you think of when you go to the interview?

Предполагаемые ответы учащихся или перевод с русского на английский язык.

What are your spare-time interests?

What do you like doing? Why?

What don’t you like doing? Why?

What do you do well?

What do you do badly?

What are your good points?

Have you worked before?

Have you done a part-time job?

Do you have the right skills?

Do you enjoy travelling?

And are you good at meeting people?

Are you aggressive?

Are you interested in working in an office?

Can you type and file quickly?

Are you patient?

Do you like helping people?

Are you good at working with numbers?

Are you friendly?

What skills do you need for the job you would like to have?

Are you responsible?

Do you work hard?

Do you always do the best job you can?

Do you help your co-workers?

Are you reliable?

What are your strengths?

Do you work well with people?

Are you good at math?

Do you learn quickly?

Can you work independently?

What are your weaknesses?

Задание 1 You’ve got an interview for a job-good! To do well at an interview you need to put in some thoughts first. The employer wants to know if you are the person he wants, so you’ll be asked about yourself. Think about it now.

(Учащиеся читают вслух и переводят вопросы, записывают их в тетради и готовят ответы на них).

What do you do well? What do you do badly? What are your good points? (I’m friendly, honest, sensible, practical, etc.) What are your spare time interests? What do you like doing and why? What do you not like doing and why? What school activities do/did you do? (sports, clubs, etc.) Have you worked before? Have you done a part-time job? What school subjects are you good at? Why would I like this job? What about working on Saturday job?

You will want to ask questions too about The job itself? Conditions? Training? Promotion prospects? Further education? Salary? Accomodation?

What does the job involve? 2. What are the working hours? 3. What are the holidays? 4. Do you provide any accommodation ? 5. Is there any training? What is it? 6. Will I get any qualifications? 7. Under what conditions I would be working? 8. What’s the starting salary? 9. What are the prospects for promo­tion?

Задание 3. Учащиеся отвечают на записанные вопросы.

Задание 4. Работа в парах Учащиеся задают друг другу вопросы, которые можно включить в интервью.

Задание 5. Работа в парах Учащиеся задают друг другу вопросы, которые обычно задают в конце интервью. (Задание 4 и 5 можно обьединить).

Задание 6 . Focus attention on the job advertisements. . Which would you apply for? 2. Why would you like this job?

Trainee computer programmer

Good opportunity for a start in computers. Ability at maths is essential. Application forms to: Personnel De­partment, Continental Computers, Honeywell Rd., Bournemouth.

Fernside Engineering

Require a junior clerk for the accounts department. Apply in writing to: The Personnel Officer, Fernside Engineering, Western Rd., Poole.

Shop assistant

A vacancy for a smart, lively young person. Good prospects. Please write to: Mrs J. Frost, ‘Cool Boutique’, 39 High St., Dorchester

Задание 7.Чтение и перевод текстов (цель-подготовка к составлению интервью)

Текст 1 Applying for a Job — Before Your Interview

Here are some questions to think about. Your answers will help you choose the right job. Your answers will also help you answer the inter­viewer s questions.

Do you have the right skills?

If you want to be a salesperson, do you enjoy travelling, and are you good at meeting people? Are you aggressive?

If you want to be a secretary, are you interested in working in an office? Can you type and file quickly? Are you patient?

If you want to work in a store or restaurant, do you like helping people? Are you good at working with numbers? Are you friendly? What skills do you need for the job you would like to have?

Are you responsible? Do you work hard? Do you always do the best job you can? Do you help your co-workers?

Are you reliable? Do you start working on time? Do you come to work every day? If you begin working on something, do you finish it?

What are your strengths?

For example, do you work well with people? Are you good at math? Can you type fast? Do you learn quickly? Are you reliable? Can you work independently?

What are your weaknesses?

For example, perhaps your English is still not very good, but you’re taking a class to improve it. Perhaps you are impatient because your co­workers do not work very fast, but you are learning to be more patient.

Текст 2 A Job Interview.

MrsD: Come in. Mr Lo, isn’t it? Please have a seat.

Mr Lo: Thank you.

Mrs D: Did you have a good trip?

Mr Lo: Yes, thanks. I came up from San Diego yesterday.

Mrs D: And did you find a nice hotel?

Mr Lo: No. I’m staying at my parents’ place in Oakland.

Mrs D: Oh, that’s right, you’re from the Bay area, aren’t you?

Mr Lo: Yes. I was born and raised in Oakland.

Mrs Du=Mrs Dukakis

Mrs D: When did you leave?

Mr Lo: I went to college in L.A. That was in 1988.

Mrs Du Mrs Da Mrs Du Mrs Da: Mrs Du Mrs Da:

Mrs D: So, where are you presently working?

Mr Lo: Soledad Computers in San Diego. Have you heard of them?

Mrs D: No, not really. How long have you been with them?

Mr Lo: I’ve been working there since I graduated from college.

Mrs D: Why do you want to change jobs now?

Mr Lo: I’d like to do some travelling. I want to use my langu-­ ages, and I want a better job.

Mrs D: Yes. I see here that you speak Chinese and Spanish. That’s OK. Do you want to live closer to your parents?

Mr Lo: That’s not the reason why I want this job. But yes, I’d like to live in this area again.

Mrs D: Well, thank you, Mr Lo. We’ll be in touch.

Ответы на вопросы.

1. Where is Mr Lo presently working? 2. What is he doing in Oakland? 3. Where was Mr Lo born? 4. When and why did he leave Oakland? 5. Why does Mr Lo want to change his job? 6. What languages can he speak?

Задание 8. Учащиеся составляют диалог (10-12 реплик) по одному из объявлений из задания 6).

III.Аудирование.

Снятие трудностей.

receptionist -администратор

front desk –регистрационный стол

responsible for –ответственный за

greeting-встреча приветствие

making bookings-прием заказов

sorting out -выявление

qualification -профессия

work experience –опыт работы

quite a few-довольно много

part –time job –работа с частичной занятостью

box office -касса

definitely- конечно

a waiter-официант

part of a team –часть команды

reference-рекомендация

qualities-качества

hard-working-трудолюбивый

problem-solving-решение проблем

pressure-давление

calm-спокойный

communication skills-навыки общения

best quality-лучшее качество

deal with difficult customer-иметь дело с трудным клиентом

furious-разгневанный

make a big fuss-поднимать шум

apologize-извиняться

staff-коллектив

attract-привлекать

particular job-определенная работа

amazing reputation-изумительная репутация

training-обучение

unsocial hours-сверхурочные часы

working shifts –рабочие смены

pay -оплата

trial period-испытательный период

Well, here I am at the Grand Hotel waiting for my interview with the manager. They are looking for a receptionist to work at their front desk. I would be responsible for greeting the guests, making bookings, and generally sorting out any problems. I’d really like to do it. I hope I don’t look as nervous as I feel.

• So Add, I’ve had a quick look at your CV and I see that you’ve got some very good qualifications. What about work experience? Have you had any jobs while you have been at school?

• Yes, I‘ve had quite a few part –time jobs and I‘ve worked all through the last two summer holidays.

• Ah, that’s good.

• What kind of jobs have you done?

• Well, I had a Saturday job in a book shop and I worked in the box office of our local theater.

• So, are you familiar with using a computer to make booking?

• Yes, definitely.

• And do you have any experience of hotel work?

• Yes, I work part-time at the Oak Hotel as a waiter.

• I’ve been doing it for over year now.

• Oh, yes, I know the Oak. It’s a nice place. Tell me a bit about your work there.

• Er, I work as part of a team, there are three of four of us that work on busy nights but on Sunday I am responsible for serving breakfast and then I work on my own.

• Do you think the manager would give you a good reference?

• Oh, yes, I am sure he would.

• So what qualities would you bring to this job?

• Well, um, I’d say I’m very hard-working, I am organized but I enjoy problem-solving.

• Do you think well under pressure?

• Yes, I prefer to be busy and I am pretty good at keeping calm.

• And what about your communication skills? Do you enjoy working with people?

• Absolutely, I love it. I’d probably say it’s my best quality.

• Hmm, can you give me an example of a time when you dealt with a difficult customer?

• Hmm, let me see, there was one customer in the restaurant, he arrived two hours late and then was furious because we didn’t have a table for him. He made a big fuss about it.

• And what did you do?

• I apologized and said I’d give him a table as soon as possible. Then I offered him a drink while he waited.

• And was he happy with that?

• Yes, he was fine. He’d just had a bad day, I think, in fact, he apologized to me in the end.

• That’s good! We need our staff to be polite. So what attracts you to this particular job?

• Well, it’s the Grand Hotel! It’s got an amazing reputation and you offer a really good training scheme. I’ve love to have the opportunity to work here.

• The hours are quite long and sometimes pretty unsocial.

• How do you feel about working shifts?

• It’s not a problem. I am used to it.

• It’s not a problem I am used to it.

• And the pay isn’t great. I am afraid although it would probably go up a bit after your initial trial period.

• That’s fine. I am still living at home so I should be able to manage.

• So, you may think you’d like this job now but where do you see yourself in 5 year’s time?

• Well, to be perfectly honest I don’t know.

• My dream is to have my own hotel one day but for the next few years I’m just prepared to work hard and learn as much as I can.

• Well, thanks for coming in, Edd.

• We have had several applicants for this job and I am seeing two more people today, but I’ll let you know as soon as I have come to a decision.

• It was very nice to meet you.

• You, too. I hope, we’ll meet again.

Задания после первого прослушивания.

1. What job is Edd applying for?

2. Where does he want to work?

3. During what period did he have part time jobs?

4. Does he have any experience of hotel work?

5. Is he still working?

6. What is his dream?

Задания после второго прослушивания.

1. Add would be responsible for

1. greeting the guests and making bookings

1. making bookings and serving food

2. greeting the guests and communicating with customers

1. As for the summer part time jobs Edd worked

1. in the box office of the local cinema

2. as a shop assistant in a book store

3. as a waiter in a hotel

3) He thinks his best quality is

1. He is hard-working and organized

2. He enjoys problem-solving and thinks well under pressure

3. He has good communication skills and enjoys working with people.

4) Dealing with a difficult customer he

1. apologized and served him a cup of coffee

2. apologized and gave him a table

3. apologized and said he’d give him a table as soon as possible

5) What attracts him to this particular job?

1. The reputation of the hotel and the opportunity to learn

2. Working shifts and good salary

3. A good staff and location of the hotel

Прочитайте диалог по ролям.

Составьте рассказ в тетрадях о кандидате (10-15 предложений) по следующему плану.

• Where he wants to work

• What his duties would be

• His part-time jobs and job experience

• His personal characteristics

• To what conditions he agrees

• Where he lives

• His dream

• His plans for future

Примерный рассказ.

1. He wants to work as a receptionist at their front desk of Grand Hotel.

2. He would be responsible for greeting guests, making bookings, and generally sorting out any problems.

3. He has got some very good qualifications.

4. He‘s had quite a few part –time jobs in summer- in a book shop and in the box office of the local theater.

5. He has good computer skills and some experience of hotel work.

6. Actually, he has been working part-time as a waiter for over a year.

7. He works as part of a team on Saturday, on Sunday he is responsible for serving breakfast and then he works on his own.

8. He is very hard-working, organized enjoys problem-solving, thinks well under pressure (prefers to be busy and is pretty good at keeping calm).

9. He has good communication skills and loves working with people. It is his best quality.

10. He doesn’t mind working shifts and is prepared to receive not so high salary.

11. He lives at home.

12. His dream is to have his own hotel one day .

13. For the next few years he wants to work hard and to learn as much as he can.

III. Повторение грамматического материала.

IV Подведение итогов урока и задание на дом

Выучить записи в тетради.

The greatest difference between success and failure is not the lack of ideas, but their implementation. We all think of the next-big-thing over a dozen times a day, but the ability create that ‘big thing’ is what defines us. Same is the case with writers, we have great stories and arguments rummaging through our head, but when it comes to jotting them down, you don’t know where to begin. You are stuck with thoughts like ‘where do I even begin?’, ‘how to start a paragraph?’, ’Do I even have a great idea?’

Paragraph starter words provide assistance in getting that head start with your writing. Following is all the information you require regarding different ways to start a paragraph.

Writing Help With Sentence Starters

Whether you are looking for the right words to start a body paragraph in an essay or the right words to effectively conclude your ideas, there are plenty of effective ways to successfully communicate your ideas. Following are the three main types of words you can use to start your paragraph:

Begin with Adverbs

Too much of anything is nauseating, including adverbs. All those ‘ly’ words in a sentence can get pretty overwhelming pretty fast. But when effectively added to the beginning of a sentence, it can help transition, contradict or even conclude information in an impactful manner. For instance, ‘consequently’ is a great transition word, ‘conversely’ helps include a counter argument and ‘similarly’ enables you to break an idea into two paragraphs. The trick to using adverbs as sentence starters is to limit them to just one or two in a paragraph and to keep switching between them.

Synonyms for ‘However’

If only there was a penny for every time most writers use the word ‘however,’ there’d be a shortage of islands to privately own on this planet; and perhaps on a few more planets too. Anyhow, nobody’s got those pennies to spare! Might as well opt for other, equally effective substitutes! Some good options include:

• Alternatively
• Nonetheless
• Nevertheless
• Despite this

Why You Need to Know about Different Words to Start a Paragraph?

The simplest answer to this question is to mainly improve your writing. The beginning of a paragraph helps set the mood of the paragraph. It helps determine the W’s of writing (When, Why, What, Who, Where) you are trying to address. Following are some ways learning the paragraph starter words can be assistive in writing great essays:

1. Sentence starters help the resist the typical format of using subject-verb structure for sentences.
2. Transition words help you sound more eloquent and professional.
3. They help differentiate your writing from the informal spoken language.
4. They help transition your thoughts more effectively.

List of Suitable Words to Start an Essay

• The central theme
• This essay discusses
• Emphasized are
• Views on

List of Transition Words to Begin a Paragraph that Show Contrast

• Instead
• Comparatively
• However
• Otherwise
• Conversely
• Still
• On the contrary
• On the other hand
• Nevertheless
• Different from
• Besides
• Other than
• Outside of
• Whereas

Body Paragraph Starters to Add Information

• Moreover
• Furthermore
• Additionally
• Again
• Coupled with
• Correspondingly
• Similarly
• Identically
• Whereas
• Likewise
• Not only

Paragraph Starter Words Showing Cause

• Singularly
• Particularly
• Otherwise
• Unquestionably
• Generally speaking
• Consequently
• For the most part
• As a result
• Undoubtedly
• In this situation
• Otherwise
• Hence
• Ordinarily

Words to Start a Sentence for Emphasis

• Admittedly
• Certainly
• Granted
• Above all
• As a rule
• Chiefly

Sentence Starters for Rare Ideas

• Rarely
• Not many
• Uncommonly
• Seldom
• A few

Paragraph Starter Words for Common Ideas

• The majority
• More than
• Many
• Numerous
• Almost all
• Usually
• Mostly
• Several

Inconclusive Topic Sentence Starters

• There is limited evidence
• Maybe
• Perhaps
• Debatably
• For the lack of evidence

How to Start a Sentence that Shows Evidence

• The result
• Therefore
• Predictably
• The connection
• Considerably
• With regard to
• It can be seen
• Subsequently
• As a result
• The relationship
• Hence
• After examining
• The convergence
• Apparently
• Effectively

Paragraph Starters That Focus On the Background

• Customarily
• Originally
• Earlier
• In the past
• Prior to this
• Historically
• Over time
• The traditional interpretation
• Up until now
• Initially
• Conventionally
• Formerly

Words that Present Someone Else’s Evidence or Ideas

• As explained by
• According to
• With regard to
• Based on the ideas of
• As demonstrated by
• As disputed by
• As stated by
• As mentioned by

Words for Conclusive Paragraph Starters

• In conclusion
• Obviously
• Finally
• Overall
• As expressed
• Thus
• Lastly
• Therefore
• As a result
• All in all
• In essence
• By and large
• To sum up
• On balance
• Overall
• In any case
• All things considered
• In other words

Tips for Selecting the Right Words to Start Sentences

Evidently, there are hundreds of starter words to select from. Qualified assignments writers can give you hundreds of them. How do you determine which of these essay starters will be the most impactful? Word selection mainly depends on the type of ideas being shared. Are you about to enter a counter argument or plan to introduce a new idea? Before you can begin hunting for the right words to start a new paragraph, do the following three steps:

1. Determine what the previous paragraph discussed.
2. Decide how the said paragraph will relate to the one before this?
3. Now scan the appropriate list from the list to find a word that is best suited based on the purpose of the paragraph.

Keep the following tips in mind to make your paragraph starter words impactful and relevant:

1. Always put a comma after every transition word in the beginning of a sentence.
2. Add the subject of the sentence immediately after the comma.
3. Avoid using the same transition word again and again. Opt for selecting different but suitable transition words.
4. Don’t fret too much about using sentence starters during the first draft. It will be easier to add appropriate words during proofreading. Needless to say, always proofread your work to help make it flow better.

When looking for the right sentence starters for essays, make sure you are clear about the objective of every paragraph. What are you trying to tell? Is it an introductory paragraph or the body discussing ideas or contradictory information? The beginning of a paragraph should immediately reflect the ideas discussed within that paragraph. It might take some time, but with a little conscious effort and a lot of practice, using transition words would soon become second nature.

FAQ

What is a good word to start a paragraph?

The word you use to start a paragraph depends on the information you want to communicate. However, the right word to use should offer a smooth transition from the previous paragraph so readers can easily transition into the new section.

How do you start a paragraph example?

When writing essays that require evidence to support your claim, start your paragraph with the words like; For instance, For example, Specifically, To illustrate, Consider this, We can see this in, or This is evidence. That helps the reader to explain the ideas in the real world.

How to introduce a paragraph?

The best way to introduce a paragraph is by using a topic sentence that will briefly explain what you intend to discuss in the paragraph. Remember that the introduction of a paragraph is a topic sentence or the thesis of the entire essay.

How to start a second body paragraph transition words?

An essay shows the flow from the introduction to the last paragraph. Use transition words when writing a second body paragraph. By doing this, you show that the ideas in each section relate to each other.

What are some good words to start a conclusion paragraph?

Examples of words you can use are briefly, by and large, finally, after all, in any case, as a result, etc. After writing an engaging essay, ensure the conclusion paragraph is just as interesting by carefully selecting the types of words you will use.

What words to start a new paragraph?

You can begin with adverbs like Similarly, Consequently, or Conversely. Other words to start a new paragraph are: Nevertheless, That said, Alternately, At the same time, etc. Capture your readers’ attention by choosing the right words to use when starting a new paragraph.

The way you start a paragraph will determine the quality of your essay. Therefore, you need to be careful when choosing words to start a paragraph. The use of transition words to start a paragraph will make your text more engaging. These transition phrases will tell the reader that you know what you are doing.

Using the right keywords and phrases to start a new paragraph will link it to what you had said in the previous ones. We refer to these link phrases and words to as signposts. The reason is that they inform the reader when one point comes to an end and the beginning of the next one. The words or phrases also indicate the relationship between different points.

When you carefully use transition words to start a paragraph correctly, they will guide the tutors or examiners through your essay. Besides, these statements bolster the impression of a flowing, coherent, and logical piece of work. Here are some tips that will help you learn how to start an essay.

• Transition Words to Start a Paragraph

  Transition words prompt the reader to establish relationships that exist between your ideas, especially when changing ideas. It is recommended to vary the transition words that you use in your text. Take time and think about the best transition words that will assist you in moving through the ideas you wish to put across. The most important thing is to help your readers get to understand the point that you are putting across. It is meaningless for students to produce academic papers that don’t flow well. For instance, you need different transition words to start a conclusion paragraph than what you use in body paragraphs and the introduction. Take time and make sure that all your points are flowing well within the text of the academic essay.

• Topic Sentences

  You need to start with a topic sentence at ideas the beginning of ever paragraph. It gives you an exclusive opportunity to introduce what you will be discussing in the paragraph. The words that you use in the essay topic sentences should tell the reader of the ideas that you will be sharing in that paragraph. Remember each paragraph should carry a specific theme and this should be reflected in the topic sentences. You can use a transition phrase or word to elevate your topic sentence. It will tell the reader that you are now switching to a new idea.

• Organization

  The way you organize your paper can also assist in boosting the transition of paragraphs. As you plan on the supporting ideas that you will include in your body paragraphs, you need to determine the orders that you will use to present them. Think about the best ways in which the ideas in each paragraph will build one another. You need to know whether there is a logical order that you need to follow. Try to re-arrange your ideas until you come up with the right order to present them. The transition words to start a body paragraph are very different from the introduction and conclusion.

• Relationships

  In addition to how you write your academic essay, you can also enhance how you transition your paragraphs by discussing the relationships that exist between your ideas. For instance, as you end the first supporting paragraph, you can discuss how the idea will lead to the next body paragraphs. Assist the person reading your essay to understand the why you ordered your ideas the way you have done. What is the relationship between the first and second body paragraphs? Do not allow your readers to guess what you are thinking about or trying to communicate. The readers should also know how your ideas relate from the proper use of words to start a paragraph (see the picture below).

Examples of Transition Phrases and Words to Start a Paragraph

Transitions show how the paragraphs of your academic essay build of one another and work together. When you don’t use these transition words or phrases in your essay, it may end up having a choppy feeling. The readers may begin to struggle while trying to follow your thought train.

Due to this, you need to use paragraph transitions in all your essays. You have to make sure that you are choosing the right words to start a paragraph. In this section, we are going to look as some examples of sentence starters. You will discover that you choose the right transition words to start a body paragraph depending on what you are communicating. You may need transition words to show contrast, add to idea, show cause, or even add emphasis. Moreover, if you’re stuck with your paper and cannot find a motivation to write on, the sound use of words to start a paragraph may be your solution! So, here is a list of transition words that can help you in each category. You can use them as tips to get the right words to start a sentence and bring great expressions to the readers.

Transition Words and Phrases That Show Contrast

• Otherwise
• Instead
• Rather
• Comparatively
• Whereas
• However
• Conversely
• Still
• Nevertheless
• Yet
• On the other hand
• In comparison
• On the contrary
• Although
• In contrast
• Even though
• Different from
• Whereas
• Even though
• Other than
• Comparatively
• Besides
• Outside of

Transition Words and Phrases to Add to Idea

• Additionally
• For example
• Again
• Also
• Moreover
• In addition
• Coupled with
• Furthermore
• Similarly
• As well as
• In deed
• One other thing
• Correspondingly
• In fact
• Whereas
• Another reason
• Identically
• Along with
• Like wise

Transition Words and Phrases That Show Cause

• Accordingly
• Particularly
• Hence
• Singularly
• As a result
• Otherwise
• Usually
• Because
• Generally speaking
• Consequently
• Unquestionably
• For the most part
• Due to
• In this situation
• For this reason
• Undoubtedly or no doubt
• For this purpose
• Obviously
• Hence
• Of course
• Otherwise
• Ordinarily

Transition Words and Phrases That Add Emphasis

• As usual
• As a rule
• Above all admittedly
• Granted
• Especially
• Chiefly
• Certainly
• Assuredly

Remember you don’t need to use the above transition words to start a new paragraph all the time. You may discover that each new paragraph is becoming repetitive and distract you from the key component in the critical analysis of your academic work.
Succinctly identify the key sections or paragraphs of your essay in the introduction paragraph. You also need to restate them in your conclusion paragraph. Students who have this knowledge will not struggle with starting or how to end an essay. You can also be sure that you will please those who read your work. The most important thing is to choose good transition words for your essay. These tips will help you to choose the best words to start a paragraph in your essay.

Английский язык для 7-го класса
Предмет:	Английский язык
Класс:	7 класс
Автор учебника:	Афанасьева О.В. Михеева И.В.
Год издания:	2016
Издательство:
Кол-во заданий:
Кол-во упражнений:	541
Мы в социальных сетях
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Данное упражнение относится к второму разделу учебника (Unit 2 English — a Language of the World) по английскому языку для школьников 7 класса. В данном упражнении необходимо ответить на вопрос — как Вы изучаете английский язык, нижеприведённые вопросы помогут составить рассказ по этой теме. Правки, дополнительные вопросы по упражнению и теме можно оставлять на странице обсуждения.

Описание упражнения[править | править код]

Talk about the way you are learning English. Answers to these questions will help you.

1. Where and when did you begin learning English? 2. Who was your first English teacher? What can you remember about your first English classes? 3. What do you find most interesting (most useful and effective; most amusing) about learning English? 4. Do you read anything in English? Have you read any English books up to the end? What were the books? Did you find them difficult? 5. Do you think reading in English is useful? In what way? Do you use dictionaries to look up words you don’t know? What do you prefer: to read stories in easy English or to have difficult texts for reading? Why? 6. What is the easiest way for you to learn new words? How many new words can you learn at a time? Do you learn new words in isolation or in context? 7. Do you like grammar drills? Do you find them important? easy? difficult? useless? boring? Do you think you have too many grammar drills at school? Do you agree that you must learn grammar in any language? 8. Do you think correct pronunciation and intonation are important in learning English? How can wrong pronunciation and intonation lead you to misunderstanding? Do you think the same is true about learning Russian? 9. While learning a language you learn to listen and understand what you hear, you learn to write, to … and to …. How can you complete this sentence? 10. What do you and your friends find most difficult about learning English? What are your strong and weak points?1 11. How are you planning to use English in future?

Перевод упражнения[править | править код]

1. Когда и где вы начали изучать английский язык?
2. Кто был Вашим первым учителем? Что вы помните о своем первом уроке?
3. Что на ваш взгляд самое интересное, полезное и эффективное, и что развлекательное в изучении английского языка?
4. Вы что-нибудь читаете на английском языке? Вы читали какие-нибудь книги на английском языке до конца? Что за книги? На ваш взгляд они были трудные?
5. Как на ваш взгляд, чтение на английском языке полезно? Каким образом? Вы используете словари, чтобы посмотреть слова, которые вы не знаете? Что ты предпочитаешь: читать истории на простом английском языке или читать сложный текст? Почему?
6. Какой самый простой способ выучить новые слова? Сколько новых слов вы можете выучить за раз? Вы учите слова отдельно или в контексте?
7. Вам нравятся грамматические упражнения? На ваш взгляд они важны? Просты? Сложны? Полезны? Скучны? Как на ваш взгляд у вас много грамматических упражнений? Вы согласны, что вы должны изучать грамматику в любом языке?
8. Как вы считаете правильное произношение и интонация важны в изучении английского языка? Как неправильное произношение и интонация может привести вас к недопониманию? Как вы считаете, тоже самое относится к русскому языку?
9. Пока вы изучаете язык, вы учитесь слушать и понимать, что вы слышите, вы учитесь писать и так далее. Как вы можете заполнить это предложение?
10. Что на ваш взгляд и взгляд ваших друзей самое сложное в изучении английского языка? Какие ваши сильные и слабые стороны?
11. Как вы планируете применять английский язык в будущем?

Ответ упражнения[править | править код]

1. I began learning English when I went to school. — Я начал изучать английский язык, когда пошёл в школу.
2. Му first English teacher was Marina Leonidovna. At my first English class we started to learn English alphabet. — Моя первая учительница была Марина Леонидовна. На своем первом уроке мы начали изучать английский алфавит.
3. The most interesting for me is communication with foreign people and learning about their cultures. The most effective for me is watching movies, listening news and songs. The most amusing for me is learning idioms. — Самое интересное для меня это общение с иностранные людьми и изучение их культуры. Самое эффективное для меня это просмотр фильмов, прослушивание новостей и песен. Самое забавное для меня это изучать идиомы.
4. Sometimes I read books in English. Of course I have read many English books up to the end. My favorite one is Tom Soyer. — Иногда я читаю книга на английском языке. Конечно, я прочитал много книг на английском языке до конца. Моя любимая «Том Сойер».
5. From my point of view, reading in English is useful, because we can learn new words, know how to use them. Of course I use dictionaries to look up words which I don’t know. As for me I prefer to read difficult texts, because like this I can improve my vocabulary. — С моей точки зрения, чтение на английском языке очень полезно, потому что мы можем учить новые слова, узнать как их применять. Конечно я пользуюсь словарями, чтобы посмотреть слова, которые я не знаю. Что касается меня, я предпочитаю читать сложные тексты, потому что так я улучшаю свой словарный запас.
6. As for me the easiest way to learn new words is using them in context, making sentences and dialogues with them. I can learn 30 words at time. I also learn new words in context. — Что касается меня, самый легкий способ выучить новые слова это использовать их в контексте, составлять с ними предложения и диалоги. Я могу выучить 30 новых слов за раз. Я также изучаю новые слова в контексте.
7. I like grammar drills, because I practice with new grammar rules. For me grammar drills are important because they help me to practice grammar rules. We have enough grammar drills. I agree that we must learn grammar in any language. — Мне нравятся г8рамматические упражнения, потому что так я тренирую грамматические правила. Для меня грамматические упражнения очень важны, потому что они помогают мне тренировать грамматические правила. У нас достаточно грамматических упражнений. Я согласен что мы должны изучать грамматику в любом языке.
8. From my point of view, pronunciation and intonation are important in learning English. The wrong pronunciation and intonation can lead to misunderstanding, because people can think that we are rude. May be the same is true for Russian. — С моей точки зрения, произношение и интонация важны в изучении английского языка. Неправильное произношение и интонация могут привести к недопониманию, потому что люди могут посчитать нас грубыми. Возможно тоже самое правда и для русского языка.
9. While learning a language we study to listen and understand what we hear, we learn to write, to read, to speak, understand people speech, to communicate with foreign people. — Во время изучения языка, мы учимся слушать и понимать, что мы слышим, учимся писать, читать, разговаривать, понимать речь людей, общаться с иностранными людьми.

10. The most difficult for me and my friends is learning idioms. — Самое сложное для меня и моих друзей это учить идиомы.

11. Well, I’m planning to use English in my future. I would like to travel abroad, to communicate with different people, to learn their cultures. — Я планирую применять английский в своей будущей жизни. Я хочу путешествовать за границу, общаться с разными людьми и изучать их культуры.

Другие задачи учебника[править | править код]

Рассмотрим самые распространенные вводные слова и конструкции, а также основные правила пунктуации.

Вежливость — национальная черта британцев. Они не так прямолинейны, как мы, а потому в своей речи им свойственно использовать вводные слова, чтобы звучать мягче и учтивее. Английский богат на вводные слова и фразы, поэтому важно понимать различия между ними, чтобы не запутать себя и своего собеседника. А если вы решили сдать международный экзамен, вам не обойтись без использования вводных конструкций как в устной части экзамена, так и в письменной.

Для лучшего запоминания, мы разделили вводные слова и конструкции на тематические группы.

Выражаем мнение

Слово/Словосочетание	Перевод	Пример
from my perspective	с моей точки зрения	The article should be proofread one more time, from my perspective. — Статью нужно еще раз перепроверить, с моей точки зрения.
I suppose/believe	я полагаю/cчитаю	I suppose that this is not the end. — Я полагаю, это еще не конец.
in my view	на мой взгляд, в моем понимании	There aren’t, in my view, any chances for them to win. — На мой взгляд, у них нет шансов на победу.
it seems to me that	мне кажется, что	It seems to me that you will never understand other people’s feelings. — Мне кажется, что ты никогда не поймешь чувства других людей.
my point is (that)	я хочу сказать; дело в том, что	My point is that we have to reduce the number of cars our employees use to get to work. — Я хочу сказать, что нам следует сократить количество автомобилей, используемых сотрудниками для того, чтобы добираться на работу.
to me	по-моему, как мне кажется	To me, things don’t go so bad. — По-моему, все не так уж плохо.
what I mean is (that)	я имею в виду, что	What I mean is that this preparation course isn’t enough for you. — Я имею в виду, что тебе этого подготовительного курса недостаточно.

Выражаем эмоции и свое отношение

Слово/Словосочетание	Перевод	Пример
fortunately	к счастью	Fortunately, I managed to complete my test before the bell rang. — К счастью, я успел закончить тест до того, как прозвенел звонок.
luckily	к счастью; повезло, что	Luckily, there were not many people in the supermarket. — К счастью, в супермаркете не было много людей.
sad to say	к сожалению, к моему большому сожалению	Sad to say, we don’t have anything to offer you. — К моему большому сожалению, мы не можем вам ничего предложить.
sadly	к сожалению	Sadly, they missed the train, so they had to find a place to stay that night. — К сожалению, они не успели на поезд, поэтому им нужно было найти место, чтобы переночевать.
thankfully	к счастью	Thankfully, everybody was back home safe. — К счастью, все вернулись домой в целости и сохранности.

Показываем частичное согласие

Слово/Словосочетание	Перевод	Пример
in a way	в некотором смысле, отчасти	In a way, I share your point of view, but I am not sure about it. — В некотором смысле я разделяю твою точку зрения, но я не уверен.
more or less	более или менее, практически	More or less, it is a good solution, but I suppose we should find a better one. — Более или менее, это хорошее решение, но, мне кажется, нам стоит найти лучшее.
so to speak	можно сказать	So to speak, I like your idea, but let’s take more time to think about it. — Можно сказать, мне нравится твоя идея, но давай еще подумаем над этим.
to some extent	в некоторой степени, в той или иной мере	To some extent, their project is quite nice, but the judges consider it to not be worth the prize. — В некоторой степени их проект достаточно хорош, но судьи не считают его достойным награды.

Добавляем уверенности

Слово/Словосочетание	Перевод	Пример
certainly	несомненно, естественно	Certainly, your mum will have an opinion about our relations. — Несомненно, у твоей мамы найдется, что сказать о наших отношениях.
definitely	определенно, безусловно	Definitely, speaking is the most difficult aspect of learning English. — Определенно, говорение является самым сложным аспектом в изучении английского языка.
doubtless	вне всякого сомнения, бесспорно	Doubtless, you will have a chance to study literature here. — Вне всякого сомнения, у вас будет возможность изучать здесь литературу.
it is a well-known fact that	общеизвестно, что; как известно	It is a well-known fact that children remember new information much better and faster. — Общеизвестно, что дети запоминают новую информацию гораздо лучше и быстрее.
it is often said that	нередко говорят, что	It is often said that women are more sympathetic than men. — Нередко говорят, что женщины более склонны к сочувствию, чем мужчины.
it is undeniable that	нельзя отрицать, что; не подлежит сомнению, что	It is undeniable that the revision of new material is a true way to achieve success. — Нельзя отрицать, что повторение нового материала является отличным способом достичь успеха.
no doubt	без сомнения, спору нет	No doubt, she will be dissatisfied by the party. She is always criticizing everything around her. — Без сомнения, она останется недовольной вечеринкой. Она всегда критикует все вокруг.
of course	несомненно, разумеется	Of course, we didn’t accept their offer. It would be a disaster for the whole company. — Разумеется, мы не приняли их предложение. Это была бы катастрофа для всей компании.

Говорим правду и ничего кроме правды

Слово/Словосочетание	Перевод	Пример
frankly speaking	откровенно говоря	Frankly speaking, I haven’t completed my assignment yet. — Откровенно говоря, я еще не выполнил задание.
honestly	честно, по правде	Honestly, I have never expected you to do this. — Честно, я никогда не предполагал, что ты это сделаешь.
the honest truth is (that)	дело в том, что	The honest truth is that your best friend went to Jonson’s party without you. — Дело в том, что твой лучший друг пошел на вечеринку Джонсона без тебя.
to tell you the truth	по правде говоря	To tell you the truth, it was me who sold your car without asking. — По правде говоря, это я продал твою машину без разрешения.

Приводим примеры

Слово/Словосочетание	Перевод	Пример
for instance, for example	например	For instance, this vase suits your living-room perfectly. — Например, эта ваза отлично вписывается в твою гостиную.
in other words	другими словами	In other words, you should use modal verbs without particle “to”. — Другими словами, вам следует использовать модальные глаголы без частицы to.
namely	например, а именно	Some students, namely those who have less than 60 points, can’t take the exam. — Некоторые студенты, а именно те, у которых меньше 60 баллов, не смогут сдавать экзамен.
to illustrate	в качестве примера	To illustrate what I mean, I will show you a couple of slides. — В качестве примера я покажу вам несколько слайдов.

Добавляем информацию

Слово/Словосочетание	Перевод	Пример
furthermore	также, к тому же	Furthermore, this application can help users track their progress. — Также это приложение может помочь пользователям отслеживать свой прогресс.
in addition	к тому же, помимо этого	The company provides you with updated software. In addition, they are always ready to help you with any questions. — Компания предоставляет вам современное программное обеспечение. К тому же, они всегда готовы помочь с любыми вопросами.
moreover	кроме того, более того	Moreover, the students didn’t know the full name of their examiner. — Кроме того, студенты даже не знали полного имени экзаменатора.
what’s more	кроме этого, помимо этого	What’s more, even my mom liked Kathy. Can you believe it? — Кроме этого, Кейти понравилась даже моей маме. Ты можешь в это поверить?

Расставляем акценты

Слово/Словосочетание	Перевод	Пример
especially	прежде всего	Especially, it happens so when people are not satisfied with the politics of some parties. — Прежде всего, так бывает, когда людям не нравится политика некоторых партий.
in fact	действительно, на самом деле	In fact, it works better when the audience is involved in holding a conference. — На самом деле, это работает намного лучше, когда слушатели участвуют в проведении конференции.
to clarify	для уточнения/разъяснения	To clarify, look at illustrations that are provided to the written instructions. — Чтобы уточнить, посмотрите на иллюстрации, которые прилагаются к письменным инструкциям.
typically	как правило, чаще всего, характерно	Typically, school children tend to like this way of learning. — Как правило, школьникам нравится этот способ обучения.

Описываем общие черты

Слово/Словосочетание	Перевод	Пример
correspondingly	соответственно, соответствующим образом	Correspondingly, men and women have different approaches to upbringing. — Соответственно, мужчины и женщины имеют разные подходы к воспитанию.
in the same way	точно так же, тем же образом	In the same way, people in developing countries set some goals and try to achieve them. — Точно так же люди в развивающихся государствах ставят какие-то цели и пытаются их достичь.
likewise	также, равным образом	Likewise, loud-speaking in public places is not forbidden, but it is considered to be quite impolite. — Также не запрещено громко разговаривать в общественных местах, но это считается довольно невежливым.

Показываем контраст, сопоставляем

Слово/Словосочетание	Перевод	Пример
admittedly	следует признать	Admittedly, society seems to be more interested in saving water resources. — Следует признать, общество кажется более заинтересованным в защите водных ресурсов.
alternatively	с другой стороны, в ином случае	— We can go out tonight. — Alternatively, we could stay at home and watch a movie. — Мы можем прогуляться сегодня вечером. — С другой стороны, мы могли бы остаться дома и посмотреть фильм.
at the same time	в то же время, с другой стороны	At the same time, you can try to watch a film without subtitles to check how well you can understand other people. — С другой стороны, ты можешь попробовать посмотреть фильм без субтитров, чтобы проверить насколько хорошо ты понимаешь других людей.
conversely	с другой стороны, наоборот	Conversely, loud music may annoy you passengers. — Наоборот, громкая музыка может раздражать пассажиров.
however	однако, напротив	This is a great picture. However, it doesn’t match the style of the room. — Это замечательная картина. Однако она не соответствует стилю комнаты.
nevertheless	тем не менее, однако	Nevertheless, training is necessary for adult learners. — Тем не менее, подготовка очень важна для взрослых студентов.
nonetheless	однако, вместе с тем	Nonetheless, not only grammar is vital for successful use of any foreign language. — Однако не только грамматика необходима для успешного использования иностранного языка.
on the contrary	напротив, наоборот	I thought the book was interesting. On the contrary, I hardly made myself finish it. — Я думал, книга будет интересной. Напротив, я еле заставил себя ее дочитать.
on the other hand	с другой стороны, напротив	My wife likes rock music — I, on the other hand, am fond of Beethoven. — Моей жене нравится рок-музыка. Я же, напротив, люблю Бетховена.

Структурируем речь

Слово/Словосочетание	Перевод	Пример
after that	потом; после того, как	After that, people started to shop online. — После этого люди стали делать покупки онлайн.
afterwards	позже, после	Afterwards, people become well aware of what an epidemic is. — После люди стали лучше понимать, что такое эпидемия
first of all	сперва, прежде всего	First of all, I would like to introduce myself. — Прежде всего, я хотела бы представиться.
firstly	во-первых	Firstly, close the door. — Во-первых, закрой дверь.
secondly	во-вторых	Secondly, put the seatbelt on. — Во-вторых, надень ремень безопасности.
thirdly	в-третьих	Thirdly, start the engine. — В-третьих, заведи двигатель.
following this	после этого	Following this, three conferences were organized quite successfully. — После этого три конференции были организованы довольно успешно.
to begin with	прежде всего, в первую очередь	Well, to begin with, he should have come on time to pass the exam. — Прежде всего, ему следовало прийти вовремя, чтобы сдать экзамен.

Говорим о результате

Слово/Словосочетание	Перевод	Пример
accordingly	следовательно, поэтому	Accordingly, all citizens were satisfied with the innovations in the public transport system. — Следовательно, все граждане были удовлетворены нововведениями в сфере общественного транспорта.
as a result	вследствие, как следствие, в результате	As a result, his election campaign turned out to be one of the most impressive. — В результате его избирательная кампания оказалась одной из самых впечатляющих.
consequently	поэтому, следовательно	They are overwhelmed with a lot of duties. Consequently, all doctors need a pay rise. — У них было очень много работы. Поэтому всем докторам необходимо повысить зарплату.
it follows that	отсюда следует, что; отсюда вытекает, что	It follows that young learners should be encouraged to study a foreign language through games. — Отсюда следует, что юных студентов нужно поощрять изучать иностранный язык в игровой форме.
so	следовательно, вот почему	Unfortunately, there weren’t enough people to participate in the meeting. So, the event was cancelled. — К сожалению, не было достаточного количества людей. Вот почему мероприятие отменили.
therefore	вследствие этого, поэтому	Therefore, she claims the government is inefficient. — Поэтому она утверждает, что правительство работает неэффективно.
this suggests that	из этого следует, что; это дает основания полагать, что	This suggests that teachers, who work with children aged 4-8 years, should focus on teaching using some elements of entertainment. — Из этого следует, что учителям, которые работают с детьми 4-8 лет, следует сосредоточиться на обучении с использованием некоторых игровых элементов.

Делаем выводы, обобщаем

Слово/Словосочетание	Перевод	Пример
all in all	в итоге, в конечном счете	All in all, it was one of the best birthday parties I have ever been to. — В конечном счете, это был лучший день рождения в моей жизни.
as can be seen	как видно, как можно заметить	As can be seen from the examples, the new vaccine works efficiently. — Как видно из примеров, новая вакцина работает эффективно.
as described abovе	как указывалось выше, как отмечалось выше	As described abovе, people’s reactions can vary. — Как указывалось выше, реакции людей могут отличаться.
finally	наконец, в конечном счете	Finally, I’d like to thank all of you for your attention. — Наконец, я бы хотел поблагодарить вас за ваше внимание.
for the most part	в основном, по большей части	For the most part, almost all participants of the conference gave positive feedback. — По большей части, почти все участники конференции оставили положительные отзывы.
generally	в целом, в основном	Generally, your test result seems to be good. However, you should mind using modal verbs. — В основном, результат твоего теста кажется вполне хорошими. Однако тебе стоит обратить внимание на использование модальных глаголов.
given the above	исходя из вышеизложенного, учитывая вышесказанное	Given the above, we are happy to inform you about your successful course completion. — Учитывая вышесказанное, мы рады сообщить вам, что вы успешно закончили курс.
in conclusion	в заключение, в завершение	In conclusion, let me announce the winner. — В завершение позвольте мне объявить победителя.
it can be concluded that	можно сделать вывод, что	It can be concluded that the research group has done their best. — Можно сделать вывод, что исследовательская группа приложила все усилия.
lastly	в заключении, и последнее	Lastly, you will get certificates to prove your diligent participation in the course. — И последнее, вы получите сертификаты как доказательство вашего усердного участия в конференции.
on the whole	в целом, по всему	On the whole, your new friend seems to be a kind person. — В целом, твой друг кажется очень милым.
overall	в целом	The second period was quite boring, but, overall, the whole game was captivating. — Второй тайм был довольно скучным, но, в целом, сама игра была захватывающей.
to conclude	в заключение, в завершение	To conclude, I would like to express my support and great desire to help. — В заключение я бы хотел выразить свою поддержку и огромное желание помочь.
to summarize	подводя итог	To summarize, I must say that your course paper is quite promising. — Подводя итог, скажу, что твоя курсовая многообещающая.
ultimately	в конечном счете, в итоге	Ultimately, this is reasonable to improve your knowledge and skills outside your classes. — В конечном счете, это очень благоразумно улучшать свои знания и навыки вне занятий.

Хотите научиться свободно использовать вводные слова в речи? Тогда записывайтесь на разговорный курс в «Инглекс».

Перед тем как окунуться в правила английской пунктуации с вводными словами, взгляните на примеры в таблицах. Как видите, мы используем запятую, если слово не имеет грамматической связи с предложением. Звучит сложно? На самом деле, это легко проверить. Если вы уберете вводное слово из предложения, оно не поменяет своего значения. Если же оно связано со следующим словом и их нельзя разделить, тогда запятая здесь не нужна.

Clearly, it was my fault. ― Очевидно, это моя вина. (если мы уберем слово clearly, предложение не поменяет своего значения)
Clearly mistaken was your friend! ― Это явная ошибка твоего друга. (clearly тесно взаимодействует со словом mistaken, и вместе они переводятся как «явная ошибка»)

Теперь ваша речь стала на один шаг ближе к носителям языка. Для того чтобы проверить свои знания, советуем пройти тест.

English has never been the easiest language to study. The spelling is complicated, the pronunciation is hard to understand, and the grammar is confusing. When a person starts to study English, the first thing that he notices is that some verbs are changed in a different way than others in past tense. The conjugation becomes a point where many problems appear. You either need to learn all these verbs by heart or make mistakes. Of course, no one wants to make them, therefore, those who study English try to learn the list of irregular verbs.

One of the irregular verbs that we use more frequently than others is begin. It has two forms for past tense began and begun. In this article, we are going to discover the difference and understand when these forms are used.

Begin Present time

Begin is the verb which means to start something. This is the present tense form of to begin infinitive form.

Let’s compare how begin is used in Present tense:

• I begin to read a new book as I have already finished the previous one.
• You should begin to spend more time with your friends, John.
• Tom begins to show his writing talent in school and writes the best essays and papers.
• Jessica begins to tell how she will spend her weekend to show off to her friends.
• They begin to call everyone who could have been the evidence of the event.

Please note that if you use begin with the third person (like he, she, it), you need to add -s to the end of the verb. This is the basic rule of conjugation in the present tense.

Begin in the Present Tense

• I begin
• You begin
• He, she, it begins
• We begin
• They begin

Began When to use it

Began is used in the Past Simple tense, and this is the past form for to begin infinitive form. If you just started to learn English, perhaps you know that regular verbs in the past tense get –ed to the end of the word. However, this is irregular verb, so in the Past Tense it will be began, not begined.

Began is the form that shows that the action has been completed already.

In the past time, it does not require usage of the auxiliary verb, like ‘was’ or ‘were’. It means, that you should write a sentence: I began to drink my tea. I was begin to drink my tea is not correct. If you write like that, you make a huge mistake.

The examples of using began in the sentences are as following:

I began to tell the story of my life to all my friends who came to visit me that day.

She began to cry, but no one believed that her tears were sincere.

We began to ask passersby how could we get to the center of the city.

They began to wonder how that was possible to lose the keys from the apartment and didn’t even notice that.

How to use began in questions

If you need to use began in the sentence, do remember that the form will be changed to the Present Tense as the auxiliary word did will be used.

Did you begin to work on your home assignment?

Did they begin to fix the mistakes that they made in their papers?

Begin in the Past Tense

• I began
• You began
• He, she, it began
• We began
• They began

How to use begun properly

Begun is used with Perfect tenses only. Pay attention that this form needs and auxiliary verb ‘have’ that is common to all Perfect tenses. It means, that if you want to tell something in Present Perfect, you are to use this form:

I have begun to eat my cake.

If you want to tell in past, you should use the following form:

I had begun to eat my cake.

If you want to show the future tense, you will say like:

I will have begun to eat my cake.

Want to know how begun is used in the real life? Please check these examples. We’re sure you have come across usage of begun, but did not even pay attention to the particularities of verb usage.

I had begun to ask my friends who could help me with finding apartment in London.

Have you begun to read the book that I gave you previous month?

She has begun to plan her vacations a couple of weeks ago, but she had to change all her plans because she spent her money on medical treatment.

They had begun to dance professionally when they were only 7 years old.

Begin in the Present Perfect Tense

• I have begun
• You have begun
• He, she, it has begun
• We have begun
• They have begun

Begin in the Past Perfect Tense

• I had begun
• You had begun
• He, she, it had begun
• We had begun
• They had begun

Begin in the Future Perfect Tense

• I will have begun
• You will have begun
• He, she, it will has begun
• We will have begun
• They will have begun

Other differences between began and begun

As you can see, there is a clear difference between began and begun and you should understand it if you want to speak English correctly. Along with a proper grammar use, you should always remember that these two words are different in pronunciation.

Began is pronounced like [ bɪˈɡæn ] with a broad e sound. Begun is pronounced like [ bɪˈɡʌn] with short a sound. In speaking, it’s important to differentiate these forms with the sounds, so make sure that you pronounced began and begun properly.

So now, you know how to use the forms of begin verb properly. Please remember how these forms differ and when they are used. If you come across begin, began, begun in any text, pay attention what functions they perform and why this exact form is implemented in the sentence. Don’t make mistakes and enjoy studying English!