What the good word competition

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What’s the Good Word?
Presented by John Barton
Country of origin Canada
Original language English
No. of seasons 4
Production
Production locations BCTV Studios
Burnaby, British Columbia
Running time 30 minutes
Release
Original network CTV (Canada)
Syndicated (US)
Original release 1972 –
1976

What’s the Good Word? was a Canadian word-based game show that aired on that country’s CTV network as a daily daytime series from 1972 to 1976. The host was John Barton. The show was shot at the BCTV Studios in Burnaby, British Columbia.

Rules[edit]

Three teams of two players each competed over guessing the key word with a list of related clues. Play began with an introductory clue. For example, a set might begin with «This can either be a friend to man or an enemy.» Clues would then be read while the timer clicked down. Clues for this sample set might be: WILD, RED, FLASH, GUN, ANTS, SIDE, TRUCK, HYDRANT, and finally FIGHTER (a maximum of ten clues would be revealed). The good word, of course, is FIRE. When a team rang in to answer, they would write their response down. If they were correct, they earned one point for every clue that was revealed. If they were incorrect, the team scored 11 points. If two or more teams rang in on the same clue, the host would then mention the order the teams signaled; the first team, if correct, would score one point for each revealed clue; the second team, if right, would get that same number plus one point, and if the third team rang in and was right, they would score that same number plus two points. If only two teams rang in and were both right, the third team would have to wait for two more clues to be revealed before they could ring in (they could answer verbally at that point). Whoever had the fewest points when time ran out won the game and would play a bonus game similar to regular play.

References[edit]

3 pages, 1203 words

Competition is something that everyone has in his or her life. When you are young and still studying in school, you would compete with your classmates for better grades, when you get older and go to work, you would compete with your colleagues so as to please the boss more with your work and get a promotion to a higher position with better salary. Companies compete with each other to get more customers and slowly expand their business. Countries compete with each other for a better economy. Even animals and plants compete with each other. The plants compete with each other to as to get more water, sunlight and nutrients, while the animals in the wild challenge each other for survival and mating. So, competition is part of everyday life, but is it really a good thing?

The cause of having competition between people is that people like to prove to themselves or other people that they are actually better than the other person. People compete with each other so as to win, and winning brings benefits to the victor. Some people compete to make their views heard, like when in political elections. The representatives debate with each other and try their best to convince the public to vote for them.

People not only compete with others but with themselves too. Some people do not concentrate on beating their peers but instead, they concentrate on competing with themselves. They keep trying to do better than they did previously, therefore these people are not under as much stress as the people who compete with the society. People who compete with themselves get to set their own goals and learn or work a their own pace, and as such there is not so much strain.

3 pages, 1289 words

The Essay on Global Economy People Work Country

… as clerks in convenience stores and gas stations. In addition, people work in fast food restaurants and as dishwashers and general service … This training is important for the future of all countries competing in an increasingly global marketplace. A moral dilemma raised is … to people of these so called, third world nations. In order for global companies to keep up with overwhelming competition, they …

Competition causes good stress. This type of stress from competition makes people strive to be better than their rivals. The stress drives people to work harder and go the extra mile to improve, making the society and country move forward and not lag behind others. Without this sort of stress, people improve much slower, and so, even if one does continue to keep improving, they will still end up being left behind.

Now, the competition is getting more intense in Singapore. There is more and more foreign talent coming to Singapore and so if Singaporeans do not start working harder, all the jobs in Singapore will end up going to the foreigners and Singapore will lose out. Introducing more foreign talent to Singapore will make Singaporeans have the drive to work harder if they do not want to be sacked or retrenched by their companies to be replaced by foreigners. Having more foreign talents in Singapore will help our economy and society develop faster and hence Singapore will not fall behind the rest of the world.

There are also examples of healthy competition in the Olympics. One of the most important things in the Olympic games is good sportsmanship between opponents. This means having respect for your rivals, fair play, courtesy, a striving spirit and grace in losing. All these are what all competitors should have when competing, as these are values of competition. Sports teach many good virtues that everyone should know and follow as this is what the human spirit is about.

Of course, nothing in this world is perfect with all benefits and no disadvantages, and competition is no exception. Competition not only causes good stress but bad stress as well. The bad stress is due to people being under too much pressure, possibly from losing out to others. The higher the competitiveness of a situation, the more pressure there is on the competitors. When there is too much pressure on a person from failure, he or she might feel that they are inferior and slowly they start feeling depressed. In some severe cases, the person might even start suffering from depression. These people will then consequently not feel like striving to be better and continuing to compete, becoming the outcastes of the society.

5 pages, 2087 words

The Term Paper on How Did Men Deal with the Stress of World War II

The iconic “thousand-yard stare”, a far-off, unfocused gaze characteristic of soldiers who had succumbed to the trauma of war by dissociating from it, emerged with its name through the chilling photos of soldiers who were overtaken by these symptoms in the wake of World War II. It’s no surprise that war takes a toll on the psyche of all those affected by it. Given the brutality and scope of World …

Competition often generates internal social conflict, so even when you have succeeded in beating your rivals, there will always be a detractor who does not want to see the good work that you have achieved and instead hurl insults and baseless accusations at you. This is the sad but true reality in life that no one can escape. Because of this, friends may sometimes become unhappy with each other because of the competition between them.

There is also the issue of having too much competition. An example for that would be World War Two. In World War Two, Japan wanted to become the most powerful country in the world. It tried to conquer all the other countries around it and in the process many innocent lives were lost. They attacked China, Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, United States of America and many other countries. The Japanese soldiers attacked mercilessly and spared no one, thus many died just because of competition. Also, there was an armed race in Europe as many countries tried to compete with each other to make stronger weapons that were more destructive. In this war that was caused by competition, many lives were wasted away, showing the fearsome strength of a competition that was too intense.

Sometimes, competition brings out the ugly behaviour in people. Some people become so used to the taste of sweet victory that they would do anything to continue their winning streak. These people who are obsessed with success tend to end up using despicable methods of competition. Some of the methods are occasionally seen in sports and games. The competitors will cheat by taking drugs like steroids, causing them to be stronger and faster than they really are.

2 pages, 618 words

The Essay on Why Do Bad Things Happer To Good People

Why do bad things happen to good people? Why do good things happen to bad people? These two questions have bewildered mankind throughout the centuries. Even the greatest philosophers and theologians have yet to develop a concrete answer. Philosophers, theologians, and even religious leaders have developed many hypotheses. Some of these hypotheses support each other while others conflict. It is for …

Another way of cheating in competitions in by bribing the judges so that they will give a higher or lower mark to a certain person. The bribers just think that money can solve all their problems, but even if the person that they want to win does win, it does not mean that he or she is the true victor. The victory was bought using money and so it is actually not worth anything at all.

All in all, competition is both good and bad. When competition is managed properly, it is good as it drives people to strive to be better and shows the human spirit, but when competition gets out of hand, in serious cases like war, many lives may be lost. So, competition is only good when it is managed well.

There is an alternative for competition, but it is not a good one. The alternative for competition would be to have no competition at all. This

would mean going back to how we were in the past, when people only cared about planting crops and rearing animals so as to have enough food for the family. If this were true, then man would have kept on staying that way without any new inventions or discoveries, meaning that man will not move forward and improve like the way that we are doing now. So, it would be better if we were the way we are right now, without any changes to the way we are living.

All Papers Are For Research And Reference Purposes Only. You must cite our web site as your source.

  • #1

Good morning friends! :)

Which word do I have to use in this context…(please correct any mistake that should appear in the sentence):

Last month, a famous newspaper held a contest/competition for writers. A friend of mine was awarded the first prize which consisted of the publication of his poems.

I think that contest is not right here maybe because a contest deals with silly, not intellectual issues.
But when I come to the word «competition» I am not sure because a competition can be a sport one…so no intellectual either.

What do you think?
Thank you!

  • Edwin


    • #2

    Artrella said:

    Good morning friends! :)

    Which word do I have to use in this context…(please correct any mistake that should appear in the sentence):

    Last month, a famous newspaper held a contest/competition for writers. A friend of mine was awarded the first prize which consisted of the publication of his poems.

    I think that contest is not right here maybe because a contest deals with silly, not intellectual issues.
    But when I come to the word «competition» I am not sure because a competition can be a sport one…so no intellectual either.

    What do you think?
    Thank you!

    You can use either, but I prefer contest. I don’t feel that contests deal with silly issues. But clearly competition is a »bigger word». :)

    • #3

    As far as definitions go, each of the two refers to the other in the definition. Contest seems to be the better word for your sentence. Competition to me is usually used for head to head team contests/competitions.

    • #4

    daviesri said:

    As far as definitions go, each of the two refers to the other in the definition. Contest seems to be the better word for your sentence. Competition to me is usually used for head to head team contests/competitions.

    to me it’s the opposite. just a matter of personal taste i suppose!!!;)

    • #5

    I agree with katheter. For me, the word «contest» would cover events like boxing, tug-o-war, assault courses, and that kind of thing, whereas «competition» would cover things like chess games, quizes, poetry submissions, and so on. The former are more likely to rely to a large degree on brute strength, while the latter rely more on knowledge and intelligence. But this is a personal viewpoint and in the end they probably both mean pretty much the same thing.

    • #6

    In our part of the world, these words can be used interchangeably, but a contest normally includes a prize, either a monetary one or some other award. Contests are for individual entries whereas competitions are normally between teams and don’t necessarily involve tangible prizes.

    I would also say that contest is a less formal word than competition. Competition is used as a verb and contest is always a noun.
    The debate team competes tomorrow in a contest of intelligence.

    • #7

    jacinta said:

    Competition is used as a verb

    Really? I’ve never heard that. In BE we just say «to compete».

    Edwin


    • #8

    garryknight said:

    I agree with katheter. For me, the word «contest» would cover events like boxing, tug-o-war, assault courses, and that kind of thing, whereas «competition» would cover things like chess games, quizes, poetry submissions, and so on. The former are more likely to rely to a large degree on brute strength, while the latter rely more on knowledge and intelligence. But this is a personal viewpoint and in the end they probably both mean pretty much the same thing.

    knowledge and intelligence? You mean like this competition: :)

    Wella Hair & Beauty Competition, Winter 2002 at Sussex Downs College, Lewes Campus image: student model at the Wella show, Sussex Downs College image: …
    www.sussexdowns.ac.uk/xpurpose/ features-wella-hair-and-beauty01.asp — 12k — Apr 27, 2005

    »serious» contest examples:

    Briefly: Math, chess contest set for Tuesday Mar 28, 2005 . … 3 local students win scholarships in math contest Kentucky.com, KY

    • #9

    garryknight said:

    Really? I’ve never heard that. In BE we just say «to compete».

    Well, I guess I didn’t say that right. I meant to say that we compete against each other in a contest, not that we use the word competition as a verb :eek: . I should just strike through the verb thing. It is confusing but I’ll leave it to contest others’ comments ;) .

    • #10

    Edwin said:

    knowledge and intelligence? You mean like this competition: :)
    »serious» contest examples:

    So this means that either a writers contest or competition is correct. Both apply to «intellectual» issues, right?

    Edwin


    • #11

    Artrella said:

    So this means that either a writers contest or competition is correct. Both apply to «intellectual» issues, right?

    In spite of the examples I found, I think I really agree with Garry in post #5 in this thread. Including the last line: «in the end they probably both mean pretty much the same thing. «

    For what it is worth: Saint Google says:

    «writers contest» 18,300 hits
    «writers competition» 6,660 hits

    gaer


    • #12

    katheter said:

    to me it’s the opposite. just a matter of personal taste i suppose!!!;)

    I think this is another case in which either word might be used in most sentences, and the meaning will be «intuited» by the context.

    I’m sure there are some sentences in which one word or the other will sound better to most people. But in the example Art gave, I would flip a coin. :)

    In fact, I may have thought of an example:

    «A drinking contest.»

    I don’t think «competition» would be used there. But I’m not sure. ;)

    Gaer

    Edwin


    • #13

    gaer said:

    I think this is another case in which either word might be used in most sentences, and the meaning will be «intuited» by the context.

    I’m sure there are some sentences in which one word or the other will sound better to most people. But in the example Art gave, I would flip a coin. :)

    In fact, I may have thought of an example:

    «A drinking contest.»

    I don’t think «competition» would be used there. But I’m not sure. ;)

    Gaer

    Google first, post second. :)

    From Google: Man dies after winning vodka-drinking competition.
    A vodka-drinking competition in a southern Russian town ended in tragedy

    Politicians in uproar over women’s drinking competition—
    A drinking competition for women held at a shopping mall in the capital today went ahead despite senators expressing outrage over the event, …

    For over 7000 other examples see «drinking competition»

    te gato


    • #14

    Hey Art GF;

    Personally to me..both mean the same thing..but I would use ‘competition’..sounds a little classier..
    ‘Ohhh you won the writing competition..WOW!!!’…

    te gato;)

    Before targeting a new keyword vertical, it’s imperative to evaluate the difficulty of the market. This is done by analyzing keyword competition.

    What is keyword competition? Keyword competition is the measure of how difficult it will be to rank for a particular keyword. The competition for a keyword can vary depending on how popular the keyword is and industry competition.

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    Competitive Keyword Analysis Experts

    Aaron Wall Rand Fishkin Michael Gray David Harry A Smarty Tom Demers Larry Kim Jill Whalen Adam Audette Todd Malicoat
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    Aaron Wall (SEO Book and PPC Blog)

    When considering entering a new market with a new website: I look at the search results with SEO for Firefox turned on. That gives me lots of data about site age, links to the ranking pages and sites, if people are leveraging domain names, site traffic estimates, and if there is much brand strength in the market. That last bit mostly comes from knowing the web pretty well and understanding the markets you operate in well. And if an area is new and you are uncertain of how strong it is then clicking on some of the background information links can help give you more information and insights.

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    Rand Fishkin (SEOMoz)

    Keyword Competition Tool

    We’re actually in the process of designing a new version of our Keyword Difficulty Tool. I’ve attached a screenshot of some wireframes.

    Competitive keywords difficulty

    The tool can serve as a keyword competition checker and help you analyze keyword competition by running a Google keyword difficulty check. Our process is to get the top ranking pages for a particular query (the top 10 is usually sufficient since any results after that receive very little traffic), then run analysis on the domain and page authority metrics. Since these numbers are directly tied to the ranking models for Google’s ordering of search results, we’ve found that the data is especially accurate for running a Google keyword difficulty check, predicting the relative difficulty of ranking on page 1 for a particular search.

    We’re also looking to give the keyword competition tool the ability to detect and report vertical search results in the SERPs so we can quantify the impact of image, local, video, business news, blog, real-time, etc. on the rankings.

    Historically, our keyword competitiveness tool used data like:

    • # of results for a given keyphrase
    • # of results in quotes
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    • PageRank of the top ranking pages/sites
    • # of links pointing to the top ranking pages/sites
    • Maximum bid price in the paid search results
    • # of ads showing for a given query

    However, these were all poor proxies for the actual data of how competitive and difficult to unseat the top results might be. We’re pretty bullish on the new process and the new Google keyword competition research tool being a significant upgrade to our previous second-order measurements.

    Michael Gray (Graywolf’s SEO Blog)

    Take the top 5 results, do a whois for the domains and see when the original registration date is for each of the domains. If all or most of the domains have been registered for more than 5 years, you’re going to need a trusted domain to rank.

    Does domain age mean better results in the SERPS? Domain age really isn’t what you’re looking for, but the trusted links that have come from being around and publishing that long. If you’re on a new domain, you’ve got a 5 year link building hole to try and overcome.

    David Harry (Huomah SEO Blog and SEO Dojo)

    How to Analyze Keyword Competition

    Well, as with most things I do it is a combination of data points. At the end of the day it is part of the art — being able to analyze the competition for keywords. Getting intimate with a query space is the way to go, and there is nothing like digging in and looking through the top 10-20 listings to see where there may be holes.

    It is worth mentioning that it is also a balancing act. Just because a space isn’t competitive doesn’t mean we want it. So it’s not exactly seeking non-competitive spaces, but ones where we can get a foot in the door or with the volume to chase the big dogs.

    • So, we can start with the usual suspects (Google keyword competition research tools mentioned already)
    • Then cross-reference some PPC data, always a reasonable gage of value/competitiveness
    • Juxtapose data from straight search, exact match, allintitle, allinurl
    • Just for fun have a peek at Trends/Insights…

    Then, dig in, see what the competing sites have working for them and where there are opportunities. What will be the estimated cost/time frame?

    Tom Demers (Wordstream and Keyword Analyzer)

    Analyze Keyword Competition

    google keyword tool competition, adwords keyword tool competition, free keyword competition tool, google adwords keyword tool competition

    For me all the best keyword competition data comes from SEO for Firefox. If I’m looking for a really quick, high level keyword analysis, I’ll just run the query and pull the data into a CSV, then sum the following columns:

    • Y! Links
    • Y! Page Links
    • Majestic SEO Link Domain
    • Page Rank
    • Age (for this I strip the months then just sum the numbers: lower is better for this one :))

    Typically I find this to be a much better indicator than number of documents or even allintitle (which is pretty good, and is a great link building query) simply because my intent is to crack that top five/ten, so the strength of those pages is what I’m concerned with (and in most cases if I’m doing this level of depth of analysis on a specific query, it’s pretty unlikely the top five will be omitting it from their document/title).

    Larry Kim (WordStream and SEO Tools)

    Competitive Keyword Analysis

    I’ve never worked in a search vertical that wasn’t super competitive, nor have I ever had the good fortune of inheriting an old, trusted domain. So I’ve always operated under the assumption that every keyword I target is going to be hard and that the competition of keywords will be high.  And rather than developing my own formulas for measuring keyword competition, I take a slightly different, iterative approach to competitive keyword research.

    For organic search, it looks like this:

    • Publish something – It doesn’t have to be perfect. Just something quick to get an read on how difficult it is for your site to rank on a particular term. Who knows? You might get lucky and your content might rank well immediately. Or it may only require minor optimization to rank better.
    • If you got lucky, then mission accomplished. Move on to next keyword targets.
    • If you can’t find your page in the SERPS, then try moving to an adjacent, longer-tail variation of the word. Or, work on finding related, yet less competitive keywords so that you could avoid hypercompetitive niches and uncover less competitive and potentially more profitable keyword niches.

    In paid search, it’s more or less the same idea:

    • Start by trying out bidding on head terms
    • If the ROI meets your target objective, mission accomplished – Move on to next keyword targets.
    • If ROI is terrible, then adjust to target long tail keywords, which are likely to be less competitive and better value, particularly if you do a good job at grouping together relevant keywords and being relevant with your ad-text creation and landing page.

    So in summary, I guess my tip for determining keyword competitiveness boils down to two key points:

    • Don’t get hung up in estimating keyword competition
    • Perform a quick test to ascertain true keyword competitiveness for your website or paid search account, then iterate on those results

    And a finally, a Bonus Tip: Stop thinking of keyword competitiveness as something to apply to individual keywords. A site like WordStream generates millions of visits through search every year through millions of different search queries. Trying to figure out keyword competitiveness for each one is a path to madness. Instead, we’ve organized our keyword taxonomy into around 500 groupings of similar keywords, and look at the competitive landscape on a per-keyword grouping basis.

    Jill Whalen (High Rankings SEO Consulting)

    My quick and dirty trick is to find the most relevant keyword phrases that have decent search counts, then do an Allintitle:”keyword phrase” check in Google on them. If you put them in a spreadsheet with the number of searches and the AIT you get a clear picture of those with high number of searches vs. low Allintitles and your “keyword gems” become clear.

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    Adam Audette (Audette Media Internet Marketing Boutique)

    It’s usually a combination of tools, but here’s a quick rundown of a good process we employ at Audette Media:

    • Look at search results, and total returns for intitle:[key phrase] and allintitle:[key phrase] searches. The search volume numbers will show a rough idea of how many are competing for these terms on their pages.
    • SEMRush has excellent data (for example, see the attached screenshot).

    Keyword competitiveness tool SEM Rush

    • AdCenter’s Ad Intelligence tool for Excel is excellent, and although looking at a smaller sample of data on MSN’s engine, will show a number of revealing competitive insights. I especially like their Monetization segment for keywords. Here’s more from Aaron Wall on this.
    • AdWords competition data; SEMRush also shows CPC bid estimates for AdWords buys.
    • If I could only use one tool, it would be Google’s awesome keyword research tool here. It shows a number of interesting data points, including the top terms by category. You can use this with the Google Traffic Estimator tool to find approximate keyword values, best used alongside a tool like SEMRush.

    Todd Malicoat (Business Management Consultant at Stuntdubl.com)

    Keyword Competition Analysis

    For a bird’s eye keyword competitive analysis, I use a few things: two toolbars, two metrics, and gut feel on four variables (which you should obviously back up with some hard data).

    • SEOMoz Total unique linking domains

      keyword research and competition analysis, keyword competition tool

    • SEMRush Value from the SEO Book Toolbar

    Four variables specific to each site:

    1. Content volume (do they have 10 pages or 10 million?)
    2. User data (Alexa, others) and social graph metrics (are they actively participating in social media?)
    3. Anchor text and title tags (what are they targeting with these?)
    4. Domain name keywords (do they have an exact match?)

    As important as competition is the BENEFIT of ranking for a keyword. Pick your keywords based on benefit to YOUR site, and look for the sweet spots with low competition.

    Marty Weintraub (AimClear Search Marketing Blog)

    Starting with the top 3 non-news and non-personalized results in the Google’s organic SERPs (permanent results), we look at ToolBar Page Rank, SEOmoz’s mozRank (mR), mozTrust (mT), domainRank (dR), domainTrust (dT) and inbound anchor text semantics using LinkScape. If any given result is not the site’s homepage, we have a look at the Google’s toolbar PageRank of the site’s homepage as a very general indicator of inbound link strength.

    Ian Lurie (Conversation Marketing and Portent Interactive Internet Marketing Company)

    Look at your own site stats! Find the keywords that generate traffic to your top site pages. Then use WordStream to expand a keyword set around those core traffic generators. You’ll build long-tail traffic, fast, and grow quality traffic.

    Michael Martinez (SEO Theory and Analysis Blog)

    Assuming I need to make a quick review, I look at the advertising associated with the query results. If it’s substantial and promoting relevant domains (as opposed to “broad match” advertisers), that’s a signal a query is competitive. I also look at the first two pages of organic results. If they all use the query in title tags and page URLs, that’s a signal the query is competitive. Finally, if a quick perusal of keyword activity in any major tool shows substantial related queries (in addition to significant traffic for the primary query), that’s a signal the query is competitive.

    Patrick Altoft (Blogstorm Search Engine Optimisation)

    Our keyword competitive indicator is to see how many sites are using that exact key phrase as a major part of their homepage title tag. This lets us determine how many sites are what we class as “strong competitors” rather than just sites who happen to have a page about a subject and therefore rank for it.

    Jordan Kasteler (Utah SEO Pro)

    I use the Google query allintitle: “keyphrase” to get a rough estimate on how many people use that keyphrase in their title tag. This will roughly let you know how many people have deliberately or not have minimally optimized their page for that keyphrase. After using the query look at the upper-right corner and see how many results were returned.

    For example, simply searching for SEO Firm returns 1,990,000 sites but searching allintitle: “SEO Firm” returns 70,900 sites. This provides a much clearer idea.

    Jon Henshaw (Raven Internet Marketing Tools)

    I look at keyword competitiveness from an organic SEO perspective. I want to know how hard will it be for me to get my site to rank in the non-paid SERPs.

    The main things I look at when determining keyword competitiveness are Google AdWords data (especially search volume), and the quality of the sites that rank well organically for that keyword phrase. I then do a direct comparison with the site I’m working with against the top organically ranking sites to give me an idea of how far I have to go. I also like to look at related long-tail keywords, because the competition and performance can vary greatly.

    Ultimately though, it’s really about the marketing strategy, not necessarily the keyword competition (which many people can get mired in). If you have sufficient control and flexibility over the website you’re trying to rank with – including the ability to frequently publish very high-quality content, create altruistic resources, and improve how the site is coded – you’ll be able to start improving your SERPs quickly. And over enough time, if the link building techniques you use aren’t too risky, and don’t get your site penalized or banned, the site will rank very well organically for most of the keyword phrases you’re targeting.

    Another thing to keep in mind is that short-tail keywords aren’t always the best keywords for a site. Going after highly competitive short-tail keywords will not only take you longer to rank for, they may also be driving the wrong type of traffic. This is especially true if you’re trying to sell a niche widget. Instead of focusing on the competition related to the keyword “widget,” consider focusing on who your competition is for long-tail keywords that are more closely related to what you’re trying to sell. Then make your content, marketing, and link building strategies focus only on those terms. That will improve your overall organic search referrals and conversions much faster than a more competitive, broad, and short-tail term.

    Lee Odden (TopRank)

    Initially, I keep it simple: Look at query volume and the overall number of SERPs for the phrase, placement in title tags and anchor text links in ranking pages. After that, break out the tools.

    Todd Mintz (Todd Mintz is with SEMpdx)

    So, let’s say the term in question is “Green Widgets”:

    1. Take the term and drop it into the WordStream Keyword Tool (or Google’s AdWords Tool) and pull out the top 50/100/500 results.
    2. Copy and paste these results into Notepad.
    3. Do a global delete of all the “spaces between words.”
    4. Drop all the “words” into your domain registrar’s “bulk search” tool and search the availability of .com, .net and .org domains for each term.
    5. The lower the available inventory, the more competitive the keyword niche.

    Tadeusz Szewczyk “Tad Chef” (SEO 2.0 SEO Blog)

    With Google keyword competition, always start with what you already know. As I often work on Google.de in many cases I know most of the sites that rank well already. This way it takes sometimes only a few seconds to determine how difficult a keyword is. I see where Wikipedia is, I see where the strongest shopping search engine is, I see where the major newspaper is.

    Also I look for the SEO’ed sites. When I see something like “Buy example, examples, cheap examples” at #1, #2 and #3 I know that the competition is fierce. Then I start using the manifold tools we have these days for keyword research.

    I check against “similar sized” keywords I already know. Especially in Google Insights for Search you can find out how competitive a keyword is by comparing it to other terms. Other people use a matrix to determine keyword strength or difficulty in numbers, but I’m a very intuitive non-technical person, so I judge based on my gut feeling and the above comparisons.

    After I did that with one keyword, all other keyword difficulties for that market are easy to determine as you can compare to the first keyword. Then I use a simple table where I rank the keywords based on their difficulty.

    Garrett French (Ontolo Link Building Company, Link Building Tools)

    I always look at the number of paid advertisers to get a sense of keyword competitiveness, the number of results in the top 10 that look “optimized” (keywords in the title, etc.), and the number of homepages that rank for the term. Nothing scientific, just a quick way to gut-check a space.

    Ben Wills (Ontolo Link Building Services)

    Focus on Keyword Search Frequency

    I start at keyword demand in terms of how often it’s searched. Once I collect “X” number of keywords and keyword search frequency, I segment the keywords based on those search frequencies. Once I have a set of those keywords, I use Aaron Wall’s SEO for Firefox extension to view the domain age for each of the competing results. As a general rule, I find that search results owned by older domains (on average) are the most competitive due to Google’s trust algorithms. That said, whenever I find a young domain in a large set of older domains, I want to study that site to see what they’re doing to get a leg up on the rest of the competition.

    Dana Lookadoo (Yo! Yo! SEO Search Marketing Optimization & Training)

    Search Engine Optimization for Highly Competitive Keywords

    Determining keyword competitiveness requires a study of a variety of factors, including a understanding of the query space and using one’s intuition. Insights are gained by looking at term popularity, analysis of the search results and competing sites, and related trends and conversations.

    The tips below show how to determine keyword phrase popularity and a competition utilizing free tools. This is part of a 101 framework for those who are beginner to intermediate in their SEO efforts. The following screenshots display select columns from an Excel worksheet one can create for evaluating two key insights, phrase demand and competition. Ideally, you want to find a balance between competitiveness and popularity of keywords and phrases.

    Term Popularity / Phrase Demand

    Competitive keyword research

    Research keyword popularity across various databases.

    1. Use Google AdWords Keyword Tool, and display results by “Match Type: Exact” & “columns to display: Show All.” Evaluate:
      • Exact Match Local search volume count. (Use a formula to divide by 30 for an estimated Daily Estimate.)
      • Estimated Average CPC cost for positions 1-3 for PPC.
    2. Use Wordtracker Free Keyword Suggestion Tool . Evaluate the number of searches for the exact phrase.
    3. Use WordStream Free Keyword Tool to acquire a CSV. Evaluate the number of searches.
    4. Evaluate the average count for Google, Wordtracker and WordStream daily estimates.
    5. Evaluate current CPC costs. Higher cost indicates highly competitive terms.

    SERP Competition

    SERP keyword competition

    Evaluate competition by looking at search engine results (SERPs) to determine how many sites are competing for the exact keyword phrase and if these sites are well optimized and have link authority.

    1. In Google, search for the keyword phrase in quotes to find the number of indexed pages for the exact phrase.
    2. Use the allintitle: Google search operator to evaluate the number of competing pages with the phrase in the title. (allintitle:”keyword phrase”)
    3. Divide the Competing Pages allintitle: results by the Google AdWords Exact Match Local searches per month to return a competing SERP to Search Ratio.
    4. Keyword phrases that have the highest SERP to Search Ratios and largest number of backlinks indicate most competitive keywords.
    5. Proceed by evaluating keyword optimization efforts for the top 5 results.
    6. Evaluate page 1 of the search results and note Google One Box listings that display in universal search.

    A keyword phrase is highly competitive if the term is popular, with a high SERP/Search Ratio and if the competition has link authority is optimizing for that term. If the SERPs display more than the standard 10 blue links and are filled with universal listings and numerous PPC ads, then you have a ringer and a lot of work to compete in that query space.

    Danny Dover (Danny from SEOMoz)

    My first act is to view the SERP and see the types of domains that rank for the term. Are the domains established and names I have heard of? Are they spammy looking (.biz, .info, excess of hyphens, misspellings, etc.)? This usually gives me some indication of the competitiveness of the keyword. If this doesn’t answer it for me, I check the top 5 results in the mozBar to gauge how many linking root domains these domains have. (This metric is highly correlated to good rankings right now). Lastly, if I really need more data I use Google’s AdWords Tool to see how many searches there were for the term. This is not exactly the same as competitiveness of the keywords but it usually correlates.

    Gab Goldenberg (SEO ROI)

    For keyword competition, I basically have a feel for SERPs based on:

    1. Yahoo! SE linkdomain numbers (via SEO for Firefox)
    2. Whether there are exact match domains
    3. Whether deep pages are ranking (domain authority + a few links) or homepages
    4. Digging around the top ranking sites’ backlinks to get a view to quality
    5. Any brands in the results

    Andrew Shotland (Local SEO Guide)

    Achieve #1 ranking for it and reflect on how much of a pain in the ass it was to get there. 🙂

    Glen Allsopp (Viper Chill )

    There are a number of ways to determine keyword competitiveness such as how many links the top sites have or how many results there are (though this is less accurate). One good way to determine competitiveness that most people don’t look at is how many sites on the first page are homepages, and how many are communities. Generally, search engines follow people so if there are a number of large social sites like forums ranking around your keyphrase, it’s going to be hard to rank above them.

    On top of that, I find it far harder to outrank homepages with my affiliate sites than article pages. If a lot of the results are homepages, i.e., they end in .com and are not a file name like /blog/keyphrase-here/, then that could be a sign the phrase is going to be tough to rank for.

    Terry Van Horne 

    Well, in the old days I would review the SERP for the obvious and “learn the query space” players, then do G searches using allititle syntax to ascertain overall title strength, then do all in anchor to see the amount of linkage. Another recent addition was using exact match with the terms, which is the most competitive. This basically indicates the degree of “professional grade optimization” in the query space.

    Currently, I take that a step further with universal search. IMO, you also have to add a “content” review, i.e., can we use video and other UNI components like news to fill in spots. IMO, all SEO’s should be taking care when adding video. I was early into that and found the 300 vids we added often blew out the text position and in that case … no indented listing just a demotion from above the fold to below the fold of the SERP since that seems to be where vid ends up. So be sure that when optimizing vids you do not knock the higher text-based position out of the SERP.

    Manoj Jasra (Jasra Inc. Internet Marketing and Web Analytics World)

    For AdWords keyword competition, I have often relied on the Google Keyword Tool as a keyword competition analyzer. It serves as a keyword competition analysis tool since it shows competitiveness from a paid search perspective. However, since it doesn’t provide exact numbers and generates additional keywords, I find it useful for high-level estimates only. I am a big fan of technology and APIs so I developed a web app in C# which uses Google’s AJAX API and the Yahoo API to return the actual number of competitors you’d see on the search engine results page. It has a batch-mode available so running dozens of keywords for competitiveness is not a big issue.

    Sage Lewis (SageRock)

    The first thing that comes to mind with keyword competition research is to use the “intitle” search operator. So, if you do a search for: intitle:”craft supplies.” The search results will only show pages that have the exact phrase “craft supplies” in the title. That means that those people have either optimized intentionally or probably optimized the page naturally for your target phrase. That search returns over 1.9 million results. So, chances are, it’s going to be pretty tricky to break into the “craft supplies” results.

    Alex Cohen (Alex Cohen of Click Equations)

    I’m going to tackle this question from the PPC side. First, let’s get one thing straight: the Estimated Average CPC that Google reports in their keyword tool is so fictional that it should be on the New York Times’ Bestseller list. Ignore it.

    Instead, it’s more useful to focus on the Google keyword tool competition column of the reports:

    Advertiser keyword competition

    Like many things in determining levels of competition, these data are meant to be relative. In fact, Google creates those bar charts on a scale of 0.00 to 1.00. It’s easier to see this if you export the data. Look at the bottom of their keyword list:

    Exporting competitive keywords

    Now you can see the (completely useless) Estimated Avg. CPC column and the more useful Advertiser Competition column on a numerical scale, instead of a graph:

    Advertisers competitive keywords

    Chances are that you’re going to pay more for keywords at the top of the list vs. those lower, though this isn’t always the case. Your bid actually plays an indirect role in determining your CPC and your Quality Score is just as important. Depending on your Quality Score, you could pay a penalty or get a discount that increases or decreases your CPC.

    Amber Speer (PPC Hero.com)

    Honestly, if I do a search for that keyword in Google, and see that thousands to millions of URLs are being shown for the same keyword, that pretty much answers my question. However I do the same search in Yahoo and MSN to get the full effect of the keywords competitiveness. I also like to use the SEOMoz Keyword Difficulty Tool which also gives me an idea of how competitive a keyword will be. Point being, you can’t just use one source to come up with an answer. Check multiple sources and get a birds eye view of how competitive a keyword truly is.

    Federico Munoa (Posicionamiento y SEO)

    Check for the keyword term on Google. NOT broad match because this will show every page or at least most indexed pages mentioning the keyword, but with quotes. Another thing you can do is to check for that keyword with “allintitle:” command as well, such as “allintitle: ‘lava lamps’” wich will give you a more accurate landscape of people trying to rank for that specific keyword = to real competing sites.

    Other factors to check:

    • How many AdWords competitors (Yahoo, Bing also)
    • Minimum bid for keyword
    • Run your keywords in keyword suggestion tools, such as SEOMoz Keyword Difficulty Tool, SEO Book Keyword Tool, SEMRush, Google Keyword Tool , MSN Adlabs, etc.

    Rising Phoenix (SEO Dojo Warrior)

    For me keyword competitiveness is directly proportional to the competitiveness of website and page which appear top in SERP for that keyword. Total number of result is for my ego top results are for my work.

    I will look for following things to measure the competitiveness of a keyword:

    1. Link profile of website
    2. Reputation/authority of website and page
    3. Quality of SEO/content
    4. What other keywords the page is targeting and its ranking for those

    Thomas Fjordside (Spiced2 Web design)

    I like to allintitle:”key phrase” to get me started and see keyword competition. Then the link data of the top 5 for the keyword and how optimized their content is. I also like use the AdWords.Google.com/Select/KeywordTool to estimate the traffic levels which also gives some indication to the competitiveness on the phrase, and also see the avg. CPC on the key phrase, if people are willing to bid a lot, chances are they are using money on seo too.

    Most of the time I get people that already have a website and therefore some kind of ranking for the key phrase and then I look at what’s been done internally to rank that page, and see what could be improved (content, internal links, external links etc.) and how I believe that can change their ranking. And that gives you an indication of the amount of work needed too.

    Monchito (Textdesign Freelance SEO)

    I tend to look more (I’m not saying “only,” I say “more”) at the site I’m optimizing itself, than to the keyword competition. Well, of course I check keyword competitiveness when I choose keyphrases for the first time (I use a method that looks a lot like this one). But after that, it’s all about continuously analyzing the way these keyphrases perform for YOUR site, and adjust accordingly.

    ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE PRE INTERMEDIATE

    UNIT 42 COMPETITIVE SPORT

    A

    Winning and losing

    In football, you can talk about the score [the number of goals
    a team has] like this:

    Spain played Poland and they won the game. = Poland lost
    the game.

    Spain won 2–0 (spoken as two
    nil
    ). = Poland lost 2–0.

    Spain beat Poland (2–0). (NOT Spain won Poland.) = Poland lost
    (2–0) to Spain.

    Spain defeated Poland (2–0). = Poland were defeated
    (2–0) by Spain.

    Spain and Italy drew 1–1 (spoken as one all) OR It was a 1–1 draw between Spain
    and Italy.

    Language
    help

    The score at the end
    of a game is also the result.

    The final
    score/result was 2–0. The score at half-time was 1–0
    . (NOT The result
    at half-time was 1–0.)

    B

    Competitions

    A competition is an organised event
    in which people try to win something by being the best, the fastest, etc. Individuals, such as tennis players
    Serena Williams or Rafael Nadal, and teams
    such as Manchester United, take part
    in
    [join with others in] different types of competition. Tennis players
    and golfers enter tournaments such
    as the French Open; football and ice hockey teams play in league competitions, where they play against different teams. Many
    teams also play in cup competitions
    (similar to tournaments), e.g. the FA Cup or the World Cup, which ends with
    two teams playing against each other in a final. The winners (opp
    the losers) are the champions, e.g. Germany became World
    Cup champions in 2014, and Philipp Lahm received the cup as captain of the winning team.

    C

    Reporting sports events


    Language
    help

    Superb,
    incredible
    and
    outstanding can describe something or someone that is very good
    and of a very high quality, e.g. Pelé was a superb footballer.

    EXERCISES

    42.1

    Complete the verb forms with the correct past tense and past
    participle.


    42.2

    Choose the
    correct words to complete the sentences. Sometimes both are correct.

    1 It was a fantastic victory / defeat for the
    team.

    2 Lionel Messi was outstanding / incredible for
    Barcelona.

    3 At half-time in the game,
    the score / result is 1–0 to
    Arsenal.

    4 The French Open is a
    famous tennis cup / tournament.

    5 Croatia beat / defeated Germany 3–2.

    6 We won / beat the other team 4–1.

    7 The UEFA Cup is a great competition / league.

    42.3

    Complete the sentences.

    1 It was a good game but
    unfortunately we ____lost____
    3–2.

    2 The __________ at
    half-time was 2–1, but the final __________ was a draw.

    3 Holland __________ England
    2–1, so they are in the semi-final.

    4 Brazil __________ 1–1 with
    Argentina last night.

    5 Serena Williams has won
    the Wimbledon __________ at least six times.

    6 Carolina Kluft broke the
    heptathlon world __________ again last night.

    7 There are 20 teams in the __________,
    and each team plays the other teams twice.

    8 Bradley Wiggins __________
    part in the Tour de France in 2009 and finished fourth.

    9 I think Novak Djokovic is
    going to win. He’s __________ 5–2 in the final set.

    10 Argentina are playing __________
    Brazil next week.

    42.4

    Complete the crossword. What is the
    vertical word in grey?

    1
    competition in which people run, drive, etc.

    2
    the opposite of win

    3
    a group of people who play together

    4
    a synonym for outstanding

    5
    stop doing a regular activity

    6
    the leader of a team

    7
    someone who wins something

    8
    when you win a competition

    9
    the last part of a competition

    10
    the opposite of winner

    11
    a type of sports competition

    42.5


    ANSWER KEY


    Asked by: Greyson Mraz III

    Score: 4.9/5
    (52 votes)

    Competition can lead companies to invent lower-cost manufacturing processes, which can increase their profits and help them compete—and then, pass those savings on to the consumer. Competition also can help businesses identify consumers’ needs—and then develop new products or services to meet them.

    What are 3 benefits of competition?

    • 1) Awareness & Market penetration –
    • 2) Higher quality at same prices –
    • 3) Consumption increases –
    • 4) Differentiation –
    • 5) Increases Efficiency –
    • 6) Customer service and satisfaction –

    Why competition is good for humans?

    Healthy levels of competition can help improve self-esteem and increase enjoyment of life. It can also motivate people to work harder toward their goals.

    Why is competition important in life?

    Aside from preparing them for wins and losses later in their adult life, competitive activities help them develop important skills like resilience, perseverance, and tenacity. 2 They also learn how to take turns, encourage others, and develop empathy. … The key is to find healthy ways for your kids to compete.

    What are the positive effects of competition?

    Here are some of the many benefits of positive competition:

    • Sparks creativity.
    • Motivates others.
    • Increases effort.
    • Increases productivity.
    • It helps people assess their strengths and weaknesses.
    • Increases the quality of work.
    • Keeps you alert.

    16 related questions found

    Are competitions good or bad?

    When overseen by appropriate adults, competition can build self-esteem, teach valuable life skills and positively shape a child’s life. In it’s healthier version, competition is absolutely necessary for an athlete to reach higher and achieve his/her goals.

    How does competition affect us?

    Competitions can result in lower self-esteem because 90% of your workforce doesn’t get recognized. And if they’re not getting recognized (a positive motivator), they could be experiencing fear and anxiety: fear that they’ll disappoint their boss, coworkers, etc.

    What are the disadvantages of competitions?

    The cons of competition in schools:

    • Stress often comes hand-in-hand with competition. Competition can easily lead to stress and anxiety, especially if it promotes academic competition between individual students. …
    • Be prepared for disappointment. …
    • Unhealthy competition leads to lower engagement.

    Is competition necessary in life?

    Competition is part of our DNA. Competition is a necessary part of our everyday lives. After all, evolutionary theory tells us that even from the earliest days of our existence, every species is consistently engaged in a competitive struggle for life on earth. Healthy competition is good for all.

    Is competition needed for success?

    Competition is really essential for success. Each and everyone need to work for themselves, but whereas when there is no competition one won’t work with determination. It is very important that everyone should have a goal in their life. In Order to get success they should work hard to reach their goal.

    Why competition is always healthy?

    Healthy competition inspires kids to do their best – not just good enough. When students compete they will become more inquisitive, research independently, and learn to work with others. They will strive to do more than is required. These abilities prepare children for future situations of all kinds.

    Is competition natural for humans?

    Psychologically speaking, competition has been seen as an inevitable consequence of the psychoanalytic view of human drives and is a natural state of being. According to Sigmund Freud, humans are born screaming for attention and full of organic drives for fulfillment in various areas.

    How do competitions help students?

    Competitions offer a chance for participants to gain substantial experience, showcase skills, analyze and evaluate outcomes and uncover personal aptitude. Competitions also encourage students to adopt innovative techniques and develop their ideas and skills.

    Is competition good in school?

    Through competitions students can gain better understanding of how to deal with conflicting opinions and ideas. They can learn how to collaborate with widely differing personalities. They can learn to manage subjectivity in their lives. And they can learn to better gauge and evaluate risks.

    How does competition benefit the economy?

    Competition in America is about price, selection, and service. it benefits consumers by keeping prices low and the quality and choice of goods and services high. Competition makes our economy work. By enforcing antitrust laws, the Federal trade Commission helps to ensure that our markets are open and free.

    Is healthy competition good?

    In a supportive environment, competition is good for children. … Healthy competition in childhood encourages risk-taking and persistence-qualities that are vital for success in the real world. Another key advantage of competition is that it gives children a reason to motivate themselves.

    Why competition in school is bad?

    Competition is wasteful and inefficient, and leads institutions to engage in deliberately obstructive practices to hide the trust cost of attendance to students. … Students competing for scarce slots in magnet schools or college feeders experience increased stress and anxiety. Even the “winners” are losing.

    Why is competition the key to success?

    It is common for people to compete with one another. Competition can foster creativity, provide valuable lessons, and inspire people to challenge themselves and achieve things they never thought possible.

    What is disadvantage of competitive advantage?

    Disadvantages typically include things such as know-how, scale, scope, location, distribution, quality, product features, process efficiency, productivity and costs. Competitive disadvantage may be measured by benchmarking against a top competitor or industry average for a particular factor.

    Is competition good or bad in education?

    It helps students to develop their creativity and their skill sets. It also boosts their self-esteem, motivates them to become better and makes them mentally strong. Competition has become the only manner of measuring the calibre of students.

    What is the pros and cons of competition?

    Pros and Cons of Competition

    • Prepares Children for Adult Life. …
    • Helps Children Develop Vital Skills. …
    • Expands Children’s Comfort Zones. …
    • Children Can Learn About Failure. …
    • Children Can Feel Pressured. …
    • Children Can Feel Bad About Themselves.

    Why is being competitive bad?

    Being competitive also has its disadvantages such as people being labeled as conceited, self absorbed, too picky, full of themselves and not being flexible and sometimes passive aggressive. … It is best to balance your competitive traits as well as learning from losing and knowing it is okay to lose.

    How does competition affect the brain?

    When you engage in a competition, and especially when you win, your brain’s reward system releases a rush of dopamine into your brain, resulting in a feeling of pleasure.

    Are competitions important?

    It creates jobs and provides people with a choice of employers and work places. Competition also reduces the need for governmental interference through regulation of business. A free market that is competitive benefits consumers- and, society and preserves personal freedoms.

    Is competition bad for society?

    Competition is destructive to children’s self-esteem, it interferes with learning, sabotages relationships, and isn’t necessary to have a good time.

    LEAD-IN

    Read the text and
    answer the questions that follow.

    Whether
    we realize it or not, competition
    is an
    integral part

    of our everyday life. Competition
    in society and business is a contest
    between

    individuals, groups, companies for
    a niche
    ,
    for
    resources and goods, for
    prestige,
    recognition,
    awards,
    or group or social status, for leadership
    .
    It is the opposite of cooperation.
    Competition is believed to
    occur

    naturally
    between individuals or companies who co-exist in the same
    environment.
    Similar to animals that compete over territory, water supplies, food,
    mates, and other biological
    resources
    (basic needs , according to Maslow’s pyramid), humans compete
    usually for food and mates, though when these needs
    are met
    ,
    deep rivalries
    often arise over

    the pursuit
    of
    wealth,
    prestige, and fame,
    social status or leadership.

    Competition
    is also a
    major tenet in market economy
    ,
    and business is often associated with competition as most companies
    are in competition with

    at least one other firm over
    the same group of customers. Besides, competition
    inside a company

    is usually stimulated to reach
    a higher quality

    of services or products that the company produce or develop.

    Like it or not,
    competition exists on all levels: among individuals, groups of
    people, companies and even economies and states. Although there are
    competition rules, they may be violated to support domestic
    businesses, industries or consumers in a protectionist effort.

    Competition
    in business
    is defined by economists as
    allocating productive resources to
    their most highly-valued uses
    and encouraging efficiency.
    Competition causes commercial firms to develop new products, services
    and technologies, which would
    give consumers greater selection
    and better products. The greater selection typically causes
    lower prices for
    the products, compared
    to what the price would be
    if there was no competition (monopoly)
    or little competition (oligopoly).
    Cartel
    is an agreement among two or
    more firmsin the same industry to collaborate infixing
    prices

    and/or carving up the market
    and restricting the amount of outputthey produce. It is particularly common when there is anoligopoly.
    The aim of such collusion is to increaseprofitby reducingcompetition.
    Identifying andbreaking up
    cartels is an important part of the competition policy overseen by
    antitrustregulators in most countries, although proving the existence of a
    cartel is rarely easy, as firms are usually not so careless as to put
    agreements to collude on paper. The desire to form cartels is strong.
    As AdamSmithput it, ‘people of the same trade seldom meet together, even for
    merriment and diversion, but the conversation ends ina
    conspiracy against the public
    or in
    some contrivance to raise prices.’

    Businesses compete
    against each other to sell their products andto increaseordefend existingmarket share.When a company
    succeeds infinding its nicheorcreating a new market,competitors enter the industry, offering similar products butat a lower price. Thus they applyprice competition
    methods. Moreover, sometimes the rivals trydumping (selling
    below cost price
    ) the companyout of the market.
    Therefore, to stop their customers fromswitching toalternative products, businesses mustmaintain a
    competitive advantage.
    This can be achieved bydifferentiating
    the product or service, by alower cost of production,
    possibly througheconomies of scale,or by controlling thesource of supply ordistribution network; the company
    can also provide abetter quality, reliability, flexibility,
    adaptability
    , anda longer guarantee period forits goods,
    as well asafter-sales servicing – all of these arenon-price competitiontechniques. Companies compete by
    constantlyupdating, upgrading, adapting, andrelaunching
    their products
    , as well as bymodernizing their business
    processes
    andmethods of production. Globalization has
    transformed even giant corporations: most have shifted their
    production fromhigh-volume to high-value, fromstandardized
    to customized.
    Besides, successful companies are always finding
    new markets and new opportunities to grow.

    Businesses live
    or die, of course, by their
    sales. And it is the
    survival of the fittest.

    Sales figuresshowunit sales,the number of goods or services sold, andsales revenue(s), orsales turnover, — the money
    resulting from those sales. When considering revenues over time,
    commentators talk aboutthe revenues streamthat a business or
    product generates.

    Costs (also
    referred to as expenses or expenditures) are
    equally important while assessing a company performance — it is the
    money that a business spends to produce goods or to render services.
    Businesses of different kinds have differentcost structuresand define, calculate, and refer to their costs in different ways.

    Fixed costsdo not vary in relation to the output level of goods or services;variable costs do. For example, in its quest to get
    ‘lean and mean’, US industry has exchanged variable costs for
    fixed costs. Then many of the blue-collar workers who used to make
    things have been replaced by more productive machines, usually
    financed by bank loans. But while the workers could be laid off when
    recession occurred, machines can’t be fired, and interest payments
    don’t go away.

    Direct costsare directly related to things produced. In manufacturing, for
    example, direct costs include raw materials and wages, whileindirect
    costs
    may include things like social security chargeson top
    of
    the wages.

    Overhead costs
    oroverheadsare used to mean different things, but
    usuallycoverall regular non-production costs of running a
    business, such as salaries and telephone bills, and can be extended,
    for example, to include the cost of marketing and R&D activities.

    Most competitive
    companies
    areagile, flexible, adaptive and quick to respond
    to the needs of market,
    in which case they are approvingly calledmarket-driven, market-led ormarket-oriented.Organizations that are market-oriented, i.e. those thattrack and
    respond to customer needs and preferences
    , can bettersatisfy
    customers
    and henceperform at higher levels.

    A market sector
    orsegment is a part of a large market, for example, the
    market for trucks is seen as part of the overall market for vehicles.Segment is also used to refer to a particularcategory of
    customers
    . When companies try to identify or appeal to these
    specific groups of customers, they talk aboutsegmenting a market
    in a process ofsegmentation. Market share is the
    proportion of sales that a company or a product has in a particular
    market. Themarket leader is the company or product with the
    biggest share.Market growth is the rate at which the overall
    market is growing (or not, as the case may be).

    Naturally,
    companies strive for higher margin, wheregross margin isthe difference betweentheselling priceof goods and
    theirproduction cost, without taking into account other costs
    such asmarketing and general overheads. A company’s or
    product’sprofit marginis the difference between its total
    costs and itssales revenues. This profit margin may be
    referred to asnet marginto distinguish it from gross margin.Marginis expressed as a percentage of theselling price.
    It can also be expressed as a percentage of the total cost of goods:
    in this case it is referred to as themark-up.

    These are measures
    of a product’s or a business’sprofitability: ROE — return
    on equity, or ROC — return on capital.
    When sales reach the level
    whererevenues match costs, a company or productbreaks
    even.
    This isbreak even or thebreakeven point, a
    crucial figure when calculating theROI – return on investment
    for a given business or product. Thecontribution generated by
    each product in aproduct lineor by each business in a group
    is the amount it represents inreturns of overall profit.

    Cannibalize.
    Eating people is wrong.
    Eating your own business
    may not be.
    Firmsused to be reluctantto launch new productsandservicesthatcompeted withwhat they were already doing, as the
    new thing wouldeat into (cannibalize) their existing business.
    In today’s innovative,technology-intensive economy, however,
    a willingness to cannibalize is more oftenseen as a good thing.This is becauseinnovationoften takes the form of what economists callcreative destruction,
    in which a superior new product destroys the market for existing
    products. In this environment, the best course of action for
    successful firms that want toavoid losing their market to a rivalwith an innovation may be to carry out the creative destruction
    themselves.

    Fair or perfect
    competition
    is beneficial both for businesses and consumers who
    can enjoy a greater choice of better products at cheaper prices,
    while any sort ofimperfect competition(e.g. monopoly, cartel
    or fixed prices practices) is to be ruled out of the market by the
    authorizedmarketorcompetition regulators, who
    regulate and enforce competition laws and consumer protection laws.
    Manynationsimplement competition laws, and there isgeneral agreement on acceptable standards of behavior. The
    degree to which countriesenforce their competition policyvaries substantially. Regulators may form supranational or
    international alliances like the ECA (European Competition
    Authorities), the ICN (International Competition Network), and the
    OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development).

    Competition can
    have both beneficialanddetrimental effects.
    Positively, competition may serve as a form ofrecreationor a challenge provided that it is non-hostile. On the negative side,
    competition cancause injury and loss tothose involved, anddrain valuable resources and energy. For people, competition
    can be expensive on many levels, not only in lives lost to war,
    physical injuries, and damaged psychological well beings, but also in
    the health effects from everyday civilian life caused by work stress,
    long work hours, abusive working relationships, and poor working
    conditions, that detract from the enjoyment of life, even as such
    competitionresults in financial gains forthe owners.

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