What short word on this page

Taking from this post by RankMath and their fantastic SEO Power Words list; detailing hundreds of Power Words for SEO that you to use to write and optimise your website page titles, headlines and blog content. We have distilled the list of Powerful Words down to over 300+ of the Shortest Power Words; that can give your Post Titles a CTR and SEO Boost. Take a look at our Short Power Words List to help you write click generating headlines.

Power Words for SEO in Post Title

A lot of research has been done to find out what makes a headline into a really snappy headline. The two most basic aspects of a good headline are specificity and emotion.

Write Specific SEO Titles & Headlines

Specificity – “the quality of belonging or relating uniquely to a particular subject”. This means that the headline is written with your target audience in mind. The idea is for your audience to feel that this headline was written just for them.

To that effect, the word “you” on its own is thought to be one of the most persuasive words in the English language; which again goes to show that keeping your target audience in mind while creating content is extremely important and effective for search engine optimisation.

SEO Power Words for Emotion

The other most important factor that will make a headline really work is emotion. A headline with real emotion not only gathers more clicks, it also gets more shares from other websites, blogs and social media channels. This is where Power Words can really help, increasing the emotion in your post title and enticing readers to click through.

…emotion not only gathers more clicks, it also gets more shares from other websites… Click To Tweet

How to use Power Words in SEO

All this talk about targeting emotional response in your blog post’s headline and we haven’t told you how to go about doing so. The best way to make your headline, post title or call to action more click enticing, is to use what are known as SEO Power Words; and in most cases it’s even better if you use Short Power Words for SEO purposes.

Post titles, headlines, email subject lines and call to action text often needs to be concise and to the point; with character limits enforced which prevent you from being verbose. When you’re looking for that perfect SEO Power Word, which sums up the exact emotion that you’re trying to convey; you don’t really want to be running up a page title that goes into several lines (2 at most), because the words you’ve chosen are too long. Keeping your words short can also help with your overall post reading score and conversion rates.

List of Short Power Words for SEO

Use our Short SEO Power Words list below to improve and optimise your headlines; to help you nail the perfect post titles and call to action text with powerful short words for SEO.

A Cut Above	Absurd	Abuse
Admit	Accuse	Amp
Advice	Alive	At Ease
Agony	Always	Avoid
Aware	Badass	Basic
Backed	Banned	Battle
Beauty	Belief	Beat Down
Behind The Scenes	Best	Belong
Better	Beware	Big
Black Market	Blast	Blood
Bloody	Bomb	Bona Fide
Bold	Bottom Line	Bonus
Brazen	Brave	Break
Brutal	Broke	Bright
Budget	Bully	Buy
Cash	Coward	Calm
Cheap	Crave	Case Study
Cheat-sheet	Crave	Cheat
Cheer	Crazy	Child-like
Corpse	Create	Clear
Cover-up	Crush	Copy
Covert	Desire	Dead
Danger	Direct	Deadly
Death	Doomed	Deep
Dirty	Double	Dreamy
Dollar	Drive	Dumb
Eager	Elite	Easily
Easy	Envy	Energy
Edge	Epic	Evil
Elated	Extra	Expert
Fail-proof	Final	Fail
Faith	First Ever	Famous
Faux	Fluid	Feast
Faux Pas	Fool	Fierce
Feeble	Foul	Fine
Fight	Free	First
Fired	Frenzy	Focus
Flirt	Frisky	Fooled
Frugal	Fully	Force-fed
Full	Fun-loving	Funny
Genius	Gift	Greed
Grit	Greedy	Guilt-free
Growth	Guilt	Guts
Harsh	Hack	Happy
Havoc	Have You Heard	Hate
Heart	Hoax	Hell
Hero	Horror	Hoak
High Tech	How To	Honest
Hope	Humor	Hurry
Huge	Idiot	Ignite
In The Zone	Iron-clad	Insane
Intel	Irs	Insult
Is Here	Jail	Jovial
Keen	Kill	Know It All
Killed	Kills	Last Minute
Last	Lame	Laugh
Lazy	Last Chance	Left Behind
Likely	Latest	Lick
Lonely	Launch	Lies
Lost	Little-known	Light
Lust	Loser	Love
Luxury	Lying	Magic
Marked Down	Maul	Master
Mired	Money	Murder
Naked	Nest Egg	Nail
Nazi	No One Talks About	Never
New	No Risk	No Good
Noted	Now	Odd
Odd	Okay	Off-kilter
Off-limits	Open-minded	Off-the Record
On-demand	Ordeal	Packed
Panic	Peril	Pale
Pas	Plague	Pay Zero
Placid	Plunge	Played
Pride	Poor	Pluck
Proven	Pound	Poison
Punch	Price	Prize
Punish	Prison	Profit
Pus	Quick-start	Quick
Quiet	Refund	Rare
Reject	Reveal	Reward
Report	Rookie	Risky
Rested	Ruin	Rowdy
Rich	Rules	Safe
Sacred	Sale	Savage
Sadly	Save	Scared
Safety	Scam	Scream
Savvy	Scarce	Secret Plot
Scary	Secret Agenda	Secure
Secret	Serene	Self-hating
Seize	Sexy	Severe
Sex	Shrewd	Sick And Tired
Should	Silly	Simple
Signs	Sinful	Sins
Six-figure	Sinful	Sizzle
Sleazy	Sneak-peek	Skill
Smash	Snob	Slave
Snotty	Soar	Sly
Solid	Spine	Smug
Steamy	Stable	Sneaky
Still	Steady	Snooty
Stoic	Step-by-step	Spank
Stop	Sturdy	Speedy
Strong	Super-human	Spirit
Stuck Up	Superb	Spunky
Stupid	Sure Fire	Steal
Stupid-simple	Surge	Suffer
Suck	Swoon	Super
Sunny	Swoon-worthy	Sure
Sweaty	Tense	Tease
Tank	The Truth	Tested
Tawdry	Ticked Off	Trade Secret
Terror	Today	Trend
Thug	Track Record	Tricks
Timely	Tragic	Triple
Toxic	Trap	Truly
Trauma	Tweaks	Turbo-charge
Truth	Up-sell	Unlock
Unique	Urgent	Upbeat
Unseen	Useful	Urge
Unsure	Valor	Verify
Value	Wanton	Victim
Weak	Wealth	Wanted
What No One Tells You	Whip	Waste
Wicked	Wild	Weird
Woozy	World	Worry
Worst	Zen	Zinger

More Content Optimisation Tips

We hope this extensive Short SEO Power Words List for SEO boosting was useful to help boost conversions. If you are looking for more tips and tricks to optimise your on page content and tags, why not take a look at our blog. You’ll find plenty to read and help you on your quest for the top of the search results.

Favourite Short SEO Power Words

Think there is something missing from our power words list? Let us know your favourite Short Power Words for SEO that have 6 letters or fewer; we’ll test them out for SEO purposes and add them to this list if they work for gaining increased conversions.

By Robby

If you are new here please read this first.

VOCAB – this is a short version of ‘vocabulary’ and while it’s not something you’ll be using on a very regular basis, it’s always good to know that you can say things like: “I want to build my English vocab” or “I just added another useful English phrase to my vocab!”

LIMO – short for ‘limousine’. Next time around when you see one, you can nudge your friend and tell him – “Hey man, look at that cool limo!”

CELEB – I’m pretty sure you knew this one, but I had to put it on the list to make it complete! It’s obviously short for ‘celebrity’ and I wouldn’t be surprised if 20 years down the line people wouldn’t remember the original word at all!

PIC – this is a very handy way of referring to a picture or a photograph. “Hold on a sec, I’ll take a pic and then we’re good to go!”

SEC – this is how you can shorten the word ‘second’. As a matter of fact, I used this word in the sample sentence above, and here’s a couple more sample phrases: “Wait a sec!” or “Be back in a sec!”

DECAF – this is a short version of ‘decaffeinated coffee’ and it will definitely come in handy when putting in an order in a coffee shop late in the evening – “I’d like a large decaf latte, please!”

DETOX – this is a popular word in terms of dieting, and it refers to detoxification whereby you get your body rid of all sorts of toxins. ‘A detox diet’, for example, is a diet consisting mostly of juices, fresh salads and veggies and helps you get much healthier within a matter of days!

VEGGIE – is a short for ‘vegetable’ and is used all the time when people talk about health and balanced nutrition – “I’m eating lots of fresh fruit and veggies, and I’m feeling simply amazing!”

CARBS – carbohydrates. To be honest with you, I think the word ‘carbs’ has become so popular in the food industry that we don’t even have to wait for 20 years before everyone forgets the original word ‘carbohydrates’.

BI’S – biceps. TRI’S – triceps. QUADS – quadriceps (front part of your upper legs) HAMS – hamstrings (back of your upper legs) PECS – pectorals (chest muscles). DELTS – deltoids (shoulders). ABS – abdominal muscles. This is how you refer to your different body parts when you’re in a gym, and not only! You can use these body part names whenever you mention the respective body parts in daily conversations, and you can rest assured that you’ll be understood.

REP – a quick way of referring to a ‘representative’. ‘Rep’ is widely used in all industries – sales rep, trade union rep – and if you’re a sales rep, for example, you may want to start calling yourself a ‘sales rep’ rather than ‘sales representative’.

REP – another meaning of this word is ‘repetition’. If you’re serious into fitness and exercising, you’ll definitely know this one because it’s become an industry standard. You go to gym, pick up a workout program and start performing sets or reps according to your level and preparation.

PREP – now, guess what this short form of a word means? Well – it means ‘prepare’ or ‘preparation’! Typical phrases to learn – “Have you prepped up?” or “I’m all prepped up, we’re good to go!”

LINO – maybe this one is going to sound too technical, but believe me – there are times when you have to describe floor types such as carpet, wooden floor and also linoleum which is the full word for ‘lino’. A typical situation would be renting a house, so you’d better add this word onto your active vocab!

RADS – radiators. This is another DIY term for you, and believe me – your home heating is another one of those things that will come up during your house hunting efforts! “Are these rads old or new?” – you should ask this question when you’re in doubt of the effectiveness of the heating elements if they’re really worn and old-looking.

DOC – this is a how you refer to a ‘doctor’. “I have to visit my doc today, can I have a couple of hours off?” would be the ideal way of asking for some time off at your work so that you can visit a doctor. “Hello doc, nice to see you, how are you?” this is how you’d greet your doctor upon arrival.

MEDS – ‘medications’. “Please don’t forget to take your meds in the morning!” or “Have you taken your meds today?” would be a typical way of making sure your friend, child or a sibling has taken proper care of themselves according to their doc’s recommendations!

CERT – this is a shortened form of ‘certificate’, and you’ll definitely get to use this word when going through the educational system or when attaining new qualifications for your professional life.

PRO – this is a very popular shortening of a word, and it’s quite self-explanatory. It means ‘professional’, and you can simply stick this three letter word in front of other words to indicate professional level of the trade, profession and occupation in question: pro-designer, pro-builder, pro-bodybuilder.

CONGRATS – this word is also very self-explanatory; it basically means ‘congratulations’ and can be used whenever you’re congratulating someone with some sort of an achievement. “Congrats on your promotion, well done my friend!”

VID – short for ‘video’. Typical phrases – “Check out this vid!” or “Can you e-mail me a link to that crazy vid you showed me last week?”

INFO – well, well, well, I’m a real smart-arse, am I not? Of course you knew that ‘info’ is short for ‘information’! I just had to put this word on the list though because word shortening related info wouldn’t be complete without the word ‘info’!

SIS – this is how you can call your little sister. Well, you can still call her “sis” even if she’s older than you, it’s really up to you!

BRO – and this is how you call your brother, and not only your birth-brother. Any close friend of yours deserves being referred to as “bro”, and here’s how you can greet your best friend on the way to college “Hey bro, wassup?”

MIL – is a short for ‘million’, and here’s the most commonly used phrase containing this word: “Thanks a mil!” It’s a fairly common way of thanking someone for a small favor or service, and you’ll sound so much more native-like if you start using this phrase yourself!

SYNC – this English word shortening stands for ‘synchronize’ or ‘synchronization’. “Let’s sync our watches!” – would be something you’d hear in films where a group of agents are splitting up before the operation.

PROBS – “No probs!” obviously means “No problems!” and it’s a typical way you would respond to some request. “Can you please lift this bag up onto that shelf, please?” would be best met with the following response: “No probs!”

Robby 😉

P.S. Would you like to find out why I’m highlighting some of the text in red? Read this article and you’ll learn why it’s so important to learn idiomatic expressions and how it will help you to improve your spoken English!

P.S.S. Are you serious about your spoken English improvement? Check out my English Harmony System HERE!

P.S. Are you serious about your spoken English improvement? Check out the English Harmony System HERE!

• ~

  ‘» …..

  PEARSON

  ! .

  Elementary Worl

• CONTENTS

  GRAMMAR , presen SIfT’ e :>e OCABULARY , gree Ings. co — es
  and nationalities

  READING , wonky-pedia WRITING, capital letters

  GRAMMAR, this/that, these / those; possessives VOCABULARY ,
  objects LISTENING, interviews at an airport

  FUNCTION, making requests VOCABULARY , tourist places; at a
  hotel LEARN TO , listen for key words

  o g a co rse

  Dresen S mple: he/she/it OCABULARY daily rou tines; jobs

  READING , a hot dog seller WRITING , and, but and or

  FUNCTION, asking for information VOCABULARY, the time; life at
  home LEARN TO , show you don’t understand

  GRAMMAR , frequency adverbs; modifiers VOCABULARY , personality
  READING, HELP! forum

  GRAMMAR, have/has got VOCABULARY , family LISTENING, families
  WRITING, apostrophe’s

  FUNCTION, making arrangements VOCABULARY , time expressions;
  activities on

  special occasions LEARN TO , show interest

  Review and Check I PAGE 20

  VOCABULARY, rooms/ furniture; prepositions ( I) READING , top
  tips for small rooms WRITING , punctuation

  GRAMMAR , can for possibility VOCABULARY , places in a town;
  prepositions (2) LISTENING , Pueblo Ingles

  FUNCTION, shopping VOCABULARY, things to buy LEARN TO , say no
  pol itely in a shop

  GRAMMAR, countable and uncountable nouns; nouns with a/an, some,
  any

  VOCABULARY, food/drink READING, too busy to eat?

  GRAMMAR , how much/many; quantifiers VOCABULARY , containers;
  large numbers LISTENING, the junk food lover’s diet WRITING ,
  paragraphs

  FUNCTION, ordering in a restaurant VOCABULARY, restaurant words;
  cooking LEARN TO , understand fast speech

  VOCABULARY, dates and times READING, celebrities who are
  friends

  GRAMMAR, past simple LISTENING , adopted twins WRITING ,
  because, so, and, but

  FUNCTION, making conversation VOCABULARY , weekend activities
  LEARN TO , keep a conversation going

  Review and Check 2 PAGE 38

• GRAMMAR I comparatives VOCABULARY I travel READING I travel
  partners GRAMMAR I superlatives VOCABULARY I places (I) LISTENING I
  an audio diary WRITING I checking and correcting FUNCTION I giving
  directions VOCABULARY I places (2) LEARN TO I check and correct
  directions

  GRAMMAR I present continuous VOCABULARY I verbs with
  prepositions LISTENING I phone conversations WRITING I pronouns
  GRAMMAR I present simple/continuous VOCABULARY I appearance;
  clothes READING I the T-shirt FUNCTION I recommending VOCABULARY I
  types of film LEARN TO I link words

  VOCABULARY I transport collocations READING I commuting GRAMMAR
  I con/con’t, have to/don’t have to VOCABULARY I adjectives ( I )
  LISTENING I the balancing scooter FUNCTION I apologising VOCABULARY
  I excuses; airport LEARN TO I tell a long story

  Review and Check 3 PAGE 56

  CONTENTS

  GRAMMAR I be going to; would Ii e 0 VOCABULARY I plans READING I
  a lottery winner GRAMMAR I will, might, won’t VOCABULARY I phrases
  with get LISTENING I survival WRITING I too, also, as well FUNCTION
  I making suggestions VOCABULARY I adjectives (2); weather LEARN TO
  I respond to suggestions

  GRAMMAR I should/shouldn’t VOCABULARY I the body READING I
  walking — the perfect sport? GRAMMAR I adverbs of manner VOCABULARY
  I common verbs LISTENING I what’s your real age? WRITING I adverbs
  in stories FUNCTION I offering to help VOCABULARY I problems LEARN
  TO I thank someone

  VOCABULARY I outdoor activities READING I a travel blog WRITING
  I postcard phrases GRAMMAR I present perfect and past simple
  VOCABULARY I prepositions LISTENING I fear or fun? FUNCTION I
  telephoning VOCABULARY I telephoning expressions; fee lings LEARN
  TO I say telephone numbers

  Review and Check 4 PAGE ’74

  AUDIO SCRIPTS PAGE 77 ANSWER KEY PAGE 84

• VOCABULARY greetings 1 Put the words in the conversation in the
  correct order. I A: you? / Hi, / are / Jeff. / How

  Hi. leff. How are you? 2 B: thanks. / Great, / you? / are /
  How

  3 A: is / friend, / Fine. / This / my / Marianne.

  4 C: Nice / you. / meet / to

  5 B: Hello, / you. / Nice / I’m / to / Jeff. / meet

  GRAMMAR present simple: be 2 Complete the conversations with the
  correct form of be. Ben: Hello. How are you? Ed: Er … hello. Ben:
  Sorry, I -«a,-,-,re~ __ you Mr and Mrs Rutter? Ed: No, we 2 . They
  3 Mr and Mrs

  Rutter. Ben: Oh, sorry.

  Ben: Excuse me. 4 ____ you Jerry Rutter? Jerry: Yes. Ben: I 5
  Ben Pastor. Jerry: Oh. hello. Nice to meet you, Ben. This 6 ____
  my

  wife, Sally. Sally: Hi. Ben: Sorry. 7 your name Sandy? Sally:
  No, it 8 . It’s Sally. Ben: Nice to meet you, Sally.

  3 Write the conversations. you / American? No, / I /
  Canadian.

  2 he / a student? No, / He / a teacher.

  3 we / late? No, / You / early.

  4 they / from Indial

  No, / They / China.

  VOCABULARY

  Are you Arnercan? No, I’m ro~ ‘,.» Canadian.

  countries and nationalities

  4A Find twelve countries in the puzzle.

  ‘CG R E E C E C Q s p 0 R T U G A L C

  R G E R M A N Y 0

  U S 0 Y E Q A J T

  S P C U X F D A L

  S A H V I Z A P A

  I I I U C M U A N

  A N N P 0 L A N D

  T H A I L A N D P

  B Write the nationalities for the countries in the puzzle.
  Greek

  C Complete the table with the nationalities.

  I -an / -ian 2 -Ish German Po sl’>

  3 -ese 4 other Portuguese Greek

  o 1.1 Listen and underline the stressed syllable in each
  nationality. Then listen again and repeat.

• II

  READING SA Read the website extract and underline five
  mistakes.

  WONKV-PEDIA 1 Michael Phelps, 8-gold-medal swimmer at the
  Beijing Olympic

  games in 2008, am from the USA.

  2 Toyota and Honda are Japanese cars. Fiat and Ferrari are
  Italians cars.

  3 Egypt, Botswana and Kenya are countries in Africa.

  4 Sydney is a big city in the south-east of Australia and it’s
  famous for the Opera House and the Harbour Bridge.

  S In ew York , the taxi are yellow.

  6 e azon and the Orinoc o are rivers in South America.

  7 S-arb c S IS erican com pany with over 15,000 coffee o ses n
  more han 40 count ries.

  8 a 0 Beckham is a famous footballer from the Britain .

  B Correct the mistakes. Michael Phelps ;s from the USA.

  WRITING capital letters 6 Complete the words with the letters in
  brackets. Use capitals where necessary. I L his is a _ hoto of _ e
  at the _ olosseum in _ome,

  _ taly. (f p m c r i)

  2 _his is me and my _ ustralian _ riend, _ au l. _ e’re in en
  ice.

  (t a f p w v) 3 _his is _enji at a _ar in _ adrid . _enji is a _
  tudent

  from _apan. (t k b m k s j)

  4 _ere is _aul again . _e’s at _ axim’s in _ aris. _ axim’s is a
  rench estaurant. (h p h m p m f r)

  —

• VOCABULARY objects 1 A Look at the pictures and complete the
  crossword.

  10

  II

  12

  B 1.2 Listen and write the words from Exercise 1A in the correct
  place in the table according to the stress.

  l l O 200 keys passport

  I 3 000 4000 sunglasses mobile phone

  I C Listen again and repeat.

  _4~

  LISTENING 2A 1.3 Listen to interviews with three passengers at
  an airport and complete the table.

  Passenger I Passenger 2 Passenger 3 Nationality Canadian

  Tourist T (T) or on business (B)?

  B Listen again. Tick the objects in the passengers’ bags.

  Passenger I Passenger 2 ‘ Passenger 3

  laptop

  newspaper

  hairbrush

  MP3 player

  sunglasses

  passport .I

  camera

  ticket

  newspaper

  magazine

  mobile phone

  keys

  J

  r

• II

  GRAMMAR th is/that., these/those 3 Complete the sentences with
  this, that, these or those. john: T’1ese are grea sunglasses.
  How

  much are they?

  Shop assistant: 2 ) They ‘re two hund red euros.

  john: Two hundred euros l Shop assistant: But 3 _____ sunglasses
  are only

  twenty euros.

  john: OK. And how much is 4 ____ _ magazine?

  Shop assistant: 5 _____ ‘s two euros.

  john: Two? OK, here you are. Shop assistant: Thanks.

  4A Write the sentences in the plural. That CD’s great! Those CDs
  are great l

  2 This red pen is Anne’s.

  3 This isn’t my key.

  4 Where’s that ticket?

  B Write the sentences in the singular. I These books are very
  good.

  This book’s very good. 2 Those aren’t my fil es.

  3 Who are those men over there?

  4 Are these your photos?

  GRAMMAR possessives 5 Add one apostrophe (‘) to each
  conversation.

  A: Is th is your mobile phone? B: No, it isn ‘t . I think
  it’sjane{ s.

  2 A: Are these DVDs yours? B: No, they’re Suzannas.

  3 A: Is your friends name Greg? B: Yes, Greg Hutchens.

  4 A: Are these Nathans sunglasses? B: I don ‘t know. Ask
  him.

  5 A: Are your teachers photos in the book? B: Yes, they ‘re on
  pages 17 and 18.

  6 A: Where are Irenas tickets? B: They ‘re on the table.

  6A Change the sentences so they don’t repeat the nouns, I These
  glasses are III> gl!lsse~ .

  These glasses are mine.

  2 These keys are your keys.

  3 That bag is jack’s bag.

  4 Those pencils are my pencils.

  5 This mobile phone is Anita’s mobile phone.

  6 That magazine is your magazine.

  B 1.4 Listen and check. C Underline the letter ‘s’ in the
  answers.

  The~e gla~e~ are mine.

  o What is the pronunciation of the letter’s’? Listen again and
  write lsi or /z/. Then listen and repeat. I The~e gla~e~ are
  mine.

  Izl Isllzl

• VOCABULARY tourist places 1 A Add the vowels in brackets. I
  Gnack b a=:i)c_l_c_ffees_ndwich (addaoro) 2 t _ u ri s ts h _ p p
  _s tc _ rd b_ tte ry s_u v e n i r (add a or 0) 3 bur __ ud_ch_ng
  __ xch_ng_r _t_mon_y (add a or e) 4 tr __ nst_t_ons_nglet_cketpl _
  form (add a or i)

  B Circle the places and objects in Exercise lA.

  FUNCTION making requests 2A Complete the conversations with the
  words in the box.

  I have you That’s euro please help 80 Can Conversation I
  Tourist: Excuse me. I Do you speak English? Shop assistant: Yes.
  Can I 2 you? Tourist: 3 I have these four postcards, please? Shop
  assistant: OK. 4 two euros, please.

  Conversation 2 Tourist: Can I 5 _____ a coffee, 6 ____ _ Waiter:
  That’s one 7 _____ fifty. Tourist: Thank 8 ____ _

  B 1.5 Listen to the conversations in Exercise 2A. Then listen
  again and repeat.

  LEARNTO listen for key words 3A 1.6 Listen and look at the menu.
  What do the people order? Write the food and drink for 1- 6. I a
  tomato salad 2 3 4 5 6

  a) -,,2~ __ _ b) ____ _ c) d) e) f)

  B Listen again and write the prices for a)-f).

  MENU *** Drinks Coffee

  Espresso coffee

  Tea Iced Tea

  Mineral water

  ***

  VOCABULARY at a hotel 4 Look at the pictures and complete the
  places/services in a hotel.

  2

  1,-, __ —

  4

  re ___ _ ke ___ _

  pa»-__ _ re ___ _

  in ___ _ ro ___ _ co ___ _ se: ___ _

  *** Rolls Egg

  Chicken Cheese

  *** Salads Green

  Tomato

  *** Ice cream

  II

• 2.1 LIFESTYLE

  VOCABULARY activities 1 Complete the profile below with verbs
  from the box.

  effie listen play take drink do read watch go eat

  AtLTOGETH R NET Personal Profile: Teresa Alvarez About me 11
  come

  ~om eXlco. I’

  s g e

  Act ivities I 2 a lot of sport — I 3 ___ _ running every day and
  I 4 ____ tennis most weeks.

  Interests Photography: I love meeting people and I 5 photos of
  people all the time. Food: I like going out to restaurants with
  friends. We 6 Mexican food and 7 Mexican beer!

  Favourite music I 8 to different kinds of music, but I really
  like World Music.

  Favourite TV shows I 9 a lot of American programmes. I like CSt
  and Friends . Favourite Movies Anything with Johnny Depp! Favourite
  Books Love in the Time of Cholera by Gabriel Garda Marquez. I 10 it
  every year!

  2A 2.1 Listen and write the words from the box in the correct
  place in the table according to the stress.

  *ey Eaffilfa neW5j3aj3er sport photo magazine coffee cinema
  exercise MP3 player DVD TV nothing golf film

  10 200 300 key camera

  4000 5 000 600000 newspaper

  B Listen again and repeat.

  GRAMMAR present simple: lIyou/we/they 3 Write the questions and
  short answers.

  A: you / eat / junk food, Juan? B: N o / I Do ~ou eat junk food.
  luan? No. I don ‘t.

  2 A: you / do / a lot of sport, Kika? B: Yes / I

  3 A: the students in your class / B: No / they live / near
  you?

  4 A: you and Clara / like / Italian B: Yes / we food?

  5 A: you / listen / Radio 5, Daniel? B: Yes / I

  6 A: Ursula and Hans / study / B: No / they English with
  you?

  7 A: I / have / classes on Saturday? B: No / you

  8 A: you and your family / eat / B: Yes / we together?

  9 A: Ali and Marco / play / tennis? B: Yes / they

  10 A: you and Ana / drink / coffee? B: No / we

• LISTENING 4A Look at the course list. Which cou rse is good for
  you?

  UNION COUNTY ADULT EDUCATION COURSE LIST Office yoga :
  7.30-9p.m. Salsa for beginners: 7-9p.m. Digital photography:
  9-12p.m. Singing for fun : 6 .30-B.30p.m.

  B 2.2 Listen to the conversation. Number the courses on the list
  in the order the people talk about t hem.

  e Listen again and complete the table.

  Which day? W here? W hat? Office Yoga stretching

  and relaxing exercises

  Salsa for Beginners

  Digital high school Photography

  Singing for Monday and Fun

  o Tick one correct question from the conversation. Then correct
  the other five questions. I Which course you want to do?

  Which course do you wont to do? 2 You like music?

  3 Do you take photos?

  4 Where you do work?

  S Sit you at your desk a lot?

  6 W hat you do do in an Office Yoga class?

  E Match answers a)-f) with questions 1- 6 above. a) I take them
  on hol iday. 3 b) Yes, all day. c) I don’t know. Can you help me?
  d) W e learn exercises that you do at your desk. e) At a bank. f)
  Yes I do. I sing in the car.

  GRAMMAR present simple: //yau/we/they 5 Look at the information
  about Francesco and his flatmates, Ben and Tom. Complete
  Francesco’s sentences.

  Francesco Ben and Tom

  watch TV a lot .I X

  listen to the radio X .I

  eat in fast-food restaurants X X

  drink a lot of cola .I .I

  read computer magazines X .I

  go to the cinema X .I

  do sport .I X

  play video games .I .I

  I watch TV a lot, but I don’t listen to the radio.

  2 Ben and Tom TV a lot, but they the radio.

  3 We in fast-food restaurants. 4 We a lot of cola. S Ben and Tom
  computer magazines. 6 to the cinema. 7 Ben and Tom sport. a We
  video games.

• VOCABULARY daily routines 1 A Put t he letters in the correct
  order to make phrases. I eahv fskarbeta have breakfast 2 vhae hlucn
  3 og ot dbe 4 teg emho 5 avhe nndire 6 tge pu 7 astrt kowr 8 evale
  meho 9 nishfi rowk

  B Match t imes a) — i) with phrases 1-9. a) 6a.m. 6 b) 7a.m.

  J .a.m.

  :: ~2…

  ~ … —

  :::: ~

  WRmNG ,D and or 2 oi e se tence.s w ith one of the words in
  brackets.

  r orda. I lea e for work at 9. I get home at 6. a or) Or’
  ‘v1onday, I leave for work at 9 and I get home at 6.

  2 On Tuesday, I phone my mother. I chat with her for hours.
  (but/ and)

  3 On Wednesday, I get up early. I don’t go to work — it’s my
  free day. (or/but)

  4 On Thursday, I work in the office. I work at home. (but/
  or)

  5 On Friday, I go out late with my friends. I go to bed early.
  (and/ or)

  6 On Saturday, I play tennis with Pete at 9. I have lunch with
  him. (and/but)

  7 On Sunday morning, I read a newspaper. It isn ‘t in Engli sh!
  (but/ or)

  8 On Sunday afternoon. I listen to music. I watch TV. (but/ o
  r)

  GRAMMAR present simple: he/she/it 3A Write the he/ she/ it form
  of verbs 1-12.

  sleep sleeps 2 play 3 drink 4 drive 5 relax 6 eat 7 study 8 know
  9 wash

  10 leave II get 12 practise

  B Write verbs 1-12 in the correct place in the table according
  to the ending.

  I lsi 2/z1 3IIzi s/eep~ play~ relaxes

  C 2.3 Li sten and check. Then listen and repeat. 4 Complete the
  text with the present simple of the verbs in brackets.

  «, ~ ~ ~ ~ «»» AI is a hot dog seller in New Yor k. Every day
  he

  IIIIIIIIIIII 1 gets up (get) at Sp.m. and 2 IIIIIIIIIIII ,.
  (make) dinner for his two boys — they get home from ,.

  school at about 4.30. He 3 (not dr ive) IIIIIIIIIIII to work but
  4 (take) the bus into the IIIIIIIIIIII ,. city. He 5 (start) work
  at 7p.m.At about ,.

  I a.m. he 6 (have) two o r t hree hot dogs IIIIIIIIIIII for
  lunch. He 7 (not stop) working all IIIIIIIIIIII ,. night. He 8
  (see) a lot of interesting ,.

  things. but most people are very friendly. He IIIIIIIIIIII 9
  (finish) work at 3 or 4a.m. On the bus IIIIIIIIIIII ,. he 10 (not
  sleep) but 11_____ ,.

  (read) the morning newspaper. He 12 ____ _ IIIIIIIIIIII (get)
  home at ,. about 6a.m. He

  13

  —

  ——

  (have) breakfast with his family, and 14 (go)

  IIIIIIIIIIII to bed at about ,. 8.30a.m. and that’s

  the end of his day .. . __ or night.

• READING SA Read the article and answer the questions. I Does AI
  like his job? 2 Does he work at the weekend?

  A NIGHT IN THE LIFE OF A HOT DOG SELLER ‘In my job I meet a lot
  of interesting people. People like talking to me, they don’t just
  want a hot dog, they want a conversation. It’s great working at
  night. It’s never hot, people are relaxed, and they’re very hungry.
  Some nights I sell over 300 hot dogs. I have one customer, Hector,
  he’s a taxi driver, he eats ten hot dogs every night. People ask
  me, «AI, do you like hot dogs?» Yes, of course I like them, I love
  them! Hot dogs are NOT junk food, they’re good food. My boys love
  them too, and we have hot dogs for dinner every Saturday night. I
  don’t work at the weekend, I’m with the boys all day and then sleep
  at night. They play football in the park, and I watch them, or I
  play with them. Or I go and get a hot dog!’

  B Read the article again. Are sentences 1-8 true (T) or false
  (F) ? I AI doesn’t like people. F 2 People don’t talk to AI. 3
  People aren’t hungry at night. 4 Hector doesn’t sell hot dogs. 5 AI
  doesn’t like hot dogs. 6 AI and his boys have hot dogs for Saturday
  dinner. 7 AI sleeps at night at the weekend .’ 8 AI doesn’t go to
  the park with his boys.

  C Correct the false sentences. I AI likes people.

  GRAMMAR present simple: he/she/it 6 Put the words in the correct
  order to make questions.

  live / Eva / does / where? Where does Eva live?

  2 Juanes / does / coffee / drink?

  3 what / ‘junk’ / does / mean?

  4 lunch / he / when / have / does?

  5 like / she / does / popcorn?

  6 read / does / which / Kay / newspaper?

  7 does / how / work / Faisal / come / to?

  8 your / come / does / where / car / from?

  VOCABULARY jobs 7 Look at the pictures. Complete the j obs
  puzzle. Use the letters in the shaded squares to make another j
  ob.

  I Hiddec ;ob

  VOTE NOW!

  ~

  I ,

  11

• B

  VOCABULARY the time 1 Write the times in two different ways. I
  7.30 It’s hal[ Qast seven. / It’s seven thirty 2 9.15 3 11 .10 4
  2.45 5 5.20 6 8.35 7 10.55 8 1.40

  FUNCTION asking for information 2A Look at leaflets A-C. What
  are they about?

  BANGKOK TEMPLE TOUR Start time: 3 ___ _ Finish time: 4 ___ _
  Tour start point: 5 __ _ Adult: 6 baht /

  14 euros

  NATIONAL BANK Opening hours

  :.!onday-Friday: 7 ___ to 4p.m.

  urday: lOa .m . to 8 ___ _

  Closed

  B Look at gaps 1-8 in the leaflets. Write the questions to find
  the information. Use the prompts below. I What time / leave? What
  time does the train leave? 2 When / arrive? 3 What time / start? 4
  When / finish? 5 Where / start from? 6 How much / cost? 7 What time
  / open? 8 When / close?

  C 2.4 Underline the key word in each question in Exercise 2B.
  Then listen and repeat.

  D 2.5 Listen and complete gaps 1-8 in the information in
  Exercise 2A.

  LEARN TO show you don’t understand 3A Listen to the
  conversations in Exercise 20 again. In which conversations do the
  people show they don’t understand?

  B Put the phrases in the correct order. I speak / you / could /
  slowly / sorry. / please? / more

  2 Wat Phra .. . ? / the / me, / excuse

  3 you / that? / could / spell

  4 you / cou ld / that? / repeat / sorry,

  VOCABULARY life at home 4A Complete verbs 1-10 in the table.

  Steve Ellie I make breakfast .I 2 m the beds

  3 g shopping .I 4 b food .I 5 d the washing .I 6 d the
  ironing

  7 c the rooms

  8 w the floors .I 9 c dinner .I

  10 d the washing-up .I

  B Look at the table and complete the sentences. I Steve makes
  breakfast , does the washin~ , _______ and _____ _

  2 Ellie ______________ and

  both

  .I

  .I

  .I

  3 They both ______________ and

• ;

  3.1 PEOPLE

  VOCABULARY personality 1 A Add the vowels. I knd ~k=in=d~ ____ _
  2 ntllgnt 3 fnny 4 frndly 5 t lktv 6 nknd 7 srs 8 nhppy 9 stpd

  10 qt I I nfrndly 12 hppy

  B Write the adjectives from Exercise lA in the correct group
  according to the stress.

  10 200 300 kind

  4000 5000 60000

  C 3.1 Listen and check. Then listen and repeat. o Complete the
  conversations with adjectives from Exercise lA. I A : I think
  Mark’s very friendly.

  B: Really? He never talks to me! I think he’s very
  unfriendly,

  2 A: Andrea’s really talkative at breakfast time. B: Yeah, I
  don’t like it. I like to be in the

  mornings! 3 A: Lena’s a serious student.

  B: Yes, usually, but she’s sometimes very 4 A: The teachers are
  kind to Greg.

  B: Yes, but some of the children are 5 A: This cat ‘s very
  stupid!

  B: Don’t be horrible! I think she’s very ! 6 A: Ben’s happy
  today.

  B: Yes, but his teacher’s — he’s late for class!

  ‘——.

  GRAMMAR frequency adverbs 2 Underline the correct
  alternative.

  2

  3 4 5

  6 7 8

  9

  10

  Mixing yellow and red alway,s I often I sometimes ma es orange.
  The colour red often I sometimes I hardly ever means ‘danger’ or
  ‘stop’. Apples are sometimes I hardly ever I never purple. In
  football, the ball is usually I hardly ever I never whi te. A chef
  in a restaurant never I sometimes I always has a white hat . Food
  is often I hardly ever I never blue. Cola is always I sometimes I
  never brown. People always I often I never drink their coffee white
  -with milk. Taxis in New York are hardly ever I always I sometimes
  yellow. Eggs are usually I never I hardly ever white or brown.

  3A Read the emails. Are Sandy and Cristina good flatmates?

  Hi Maria,

  How are you? I’m fine but I’ve got a new flatmate,

  Cristina, and she’s a real problem. Sh~~ When she comes home in
  the evening I ask her usually

  about her day. She says ‘fine’ always and then she

  watches usually TV or she goes to her room to sometimes

  sleep! She wants hardly ever to chat. What can I do?

  Sandy

  Hi Zsuzsa,

  How are you? I’m fine but my new flatmate, Sandy, is

  a real problem. She stops talking never. In the evening

  after c lasses I’m tired often. I want to usually relax in

  front of the TV for half an hour or I have sometimes a

  short rest. She wants always to talk about her day. I

  have hardly ever energy to listen.

  That’s my news. Email me soon!

  Cristina

  B Circle the frequency adverbs and draw a line to e’ correct
  position in the emails.

  !

• READING 4A Read t he forum and tick the ideas you agree
  with.

  HE LP! forum My friend Sam often asks me for money. I usually
  say no, but sometimes I give him ten or twenty euros. The problem
  is he never pays me back. I don’t want to ask him but I feel bad
  about the whole thing. Helpl Uon, Ontario)

  Beth w r ites: Talk to him about it . Tell him how you feel. You
  say he’s your friend and real friends listen to each other. But
  remember, money and frie s don’t mix. Good luck!

  ‘tes: I do ‘ think he’s a real friend. It’s e ‘e ds ip — tell
  him to give you

  e!

  :- -:::.,r — — ::.

  — — —

  : -5 ~ e-e ~-:: :-e _:: :,ra-:s:o c-a:. e:)’ ?a . C ris
  church

  Leve(lte writes: Maybe it’s a good idea to meet her just once at
  the weekend, You say you like her, well , give her a chance. Good
  luck!

  Miki writes: That’s a problem. Tell Joanne the truth — you’re a
  friendly person but you aren ‘t her friend !

  Cynthia writes: That’s really difficult. Change your telephone
  number … or don’t answer the phone. She needs to understand that
  you don’t w ant to be fr iends.

  B Underline two names from the forum for each sentence. They’re
  friends.

  Joanne Patsy 2 They aren’t friends.

  Sam Joanne Jon Patsy 3 They say: Don ‘t be friends with
  him/her.

  Beth Karl Levente Miki 4 They say: Tell the truth.

  Beth Steve Miki Cynthia 5 They say: Be friends with him/
  her.

  Karl Steve Levente Cynthia

  GRAMMAR modifiers 5 Complete the conversations with very or
  quite. Conversation I A: I get up early every day. B: Oh. What time
  do you get up? A: At 9a.m. B: 9a.m.! That isn ‘t very early! That’s
  late! A: W ell, my husband gets up at 4a.m. B: Now that’s ____
  early. I get up at 7a.m. A: O K, O K! That’s early.

  Conversation 2 A: I love this laptop, but it’s I ,000. B: That’s
  ____ expensive. A: I know. B: How about this one? It’s ____
  expensive, but it ‘s a

  good make. A: How much is it? B: 600. Hey, look at this one. It
  ‘s in the sale. It’s only l50.

  That isn’ t expensive. A: You’re right. That ‘s a good
  price.

  Can ersation 3 A: run en kilometres every morning. B: Really?
  How long does it take you? A: It usually takes about 45 minutes. B:
  That ‘s good. It usually take me about 55

  minutes. A: Oh. That isn ‘t ____ fast. B: But in a race it takes
  38 minutes! A: W ow, that’s ____ good!

  Conversation 4 A: W hat time does the film start? B: At Rialto
  Cinema it starts at I I p.m. A: O h, that’s late! B: But at
  Westwood Cinema it starts at 10p.m. A: That’s late for me. I always
  get up early to go

  for a run. B: W ell the early show at W estwood starts at 7p.m.
  A: That isn’t ____ good. It’s 7p.m. now.

  Conversation 5 A: You never talk in class. B: No, that ‘s true.
  A: In fact you never talk. B: No. A: You’re a quiet person. B: That
  ‘s r ight. I’m not talkative. A: But your English isn’t bad. B: N
  o? A: It ‘s ____ good in fact. Not great, but not bad . B:
  Thanks.

• VOCABULARY family

  George I Ell ie Jane

  Nick Dan Ricky Anya Olivia

  1 A Look at the family tree and complete the conversations.
  Conversation I Jane: Chris, this is my I mother , Julia. Chris:
  Nice to meet you, Mrs Garnet. Jane: And this is my 2 George and his
  3 ____ _

  Ellie. Chris: Hello. Jane: And these are my 4 _____ , Nick and
  Dan. Nick: Hi.

  Conversation 2 Chris: Are these your children, Mariska? Mariska:
  Oh, let me introduce you. These are my 5 _____ , Anya and

  Olivia, and this is my 6 , Ricky. Ricky: Hi! Mariska: And this
  is James, my 7 ____ _ Chris: Hello, everyone. Ricky: And that’s my
  8 _____ , George and my 9 ____ _

  Jane. Chris: Yes, I know. I’m a friend of Jane’s. Ricky: And
  those are my 10 _____ , Nick and Dan.

  Conversation 3 Chris: Ellie, what’s that little girl ‘s name? I
  forget. Ellie: That’s my II , Anya. Chris: And her 12 are Mariska
  and … ? Ellie: James. We’re a big family. A lot of

  names to remember!

  B Look at the underlined letters. Is the pronunciation the same
  (5) or different (D)? I sister mother S 2 cousin !,!ncle 3 wjfe
  n~ce 4 aunt f;!ther S sQn h!,!sband 6 gr;!ndfather p;!rents 7
  daughter brQther 8 n~phew fr~nd

  C 3.2 Listen and check. Then listen and repeat.

  2 Complete the sentences with family words.

  My mother’s [ather is my grandfather.

  2 My father’s is my sister. 3 My sister’s are my mother

  and father. 4 My children’s is my sister. S My children’s is
  my

  brother. 6 My mother’s is my cousin,

  Matt. 7 My father’s is my cousin ,

  Nina. 8 My father’s is my mother. 9 My mother’s is my fathe
  r.

  10 My son’s are my mother and father.

• 3.2 , «

  GRAMMAR have/has got 3A Read the information in the table and
  complete sentences 1-8 with the correct form of have got.

  I a new laptop My sister an MP3 player My brother an old
  computer My parents a black car My family a four-room flat

  I 2

  I’ve got a new laptop» _____ an MP3 player» I

  3 My sister 4

  _____ a computer» _____ acar» My parents

  S 6

  My brother _____ a computer. but it’s old. _____ a house. We

  7 We _____ afla. _____ (our rooms.

  e q e.stions and short answers. Use the e able.

  ~~ __ a new laptop?

  ~ your bro her a new computerl

  3 you a house I

  4 your sister an MP3 player?

  S your flat four rooms?

  6 your parents a black car?

  4 Correct five mistakes with have got and be in each
  conversation. Conversation I A: I haven’t got a pen. Afe tOU oRe?
  Have you got one? B: No, I’m not, but I’ve got a pencil. A: Has it
  got black? B: No, it ‘s got red . A: Has it got a rubber? B: Yes,
  it is. A: Can I borrow it? Thanks.

  Conversation 2 A Have you got your camera with you? B: o. but
  Fatima’s an MP3 player.

  . as it got a camera, Fatima? C: 0, i isn’t. But my mobile
  phone’s got a camera.

  …!as got good? C: o really. It’s very small and the pictures
  haven’t got very

  good. A — ha ‘s OK. Can you take a photo of me? C: OK, smile!
  Look. You’re a nice smi le.

  LISTENING SA 3.3 listen to two people talking about their
  families and draw lines to the correct information. There is one
  extra piece of information.

  I hasn’t got a job. D ‘d 2 has got one sister. aVI

  ~ 3 has got one brother. Meg 4 has got five brothers.

  S has got a good job.

  B listen again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)? I Tom
  is Meg’s brother. T 2 Meg is close to her sister. 3 Nick is David’s
  brother. 4 Nick is quite active. S Jenny is David’s mother. 6 David
  and Jenny are close. 7 Jenny’s husband doesn’t like his job. S
  Jenny’s got three sons.

  WRITING apostrophe’s 6A Complete the text with ‘5 or s.

  My friend 1 Jean_’s __ got an interesting family. Her brother
  2Sam __ super intelligent and 3he __ got a good job with a computer
  company in Sydney. 4He __ married and his 5wife __ name is Grace.
  6Jean __ sister 7Sally __ the funny one in the family. She 810ve __
  telling funny stories and she 9wor»——- as an actress with the
  Melboume Theatre Company. Jean 1olive __ here in Brisbane in my
  friend 11 Keira apartment. 12 Jean- the ‘baby’ of the family. 13She
  __ got a big heart. People always say that 14she __ very kind.

  B Match meanings a)-d) with 1-14 in Exercise SA. a) is c)
  possessive b) has d) he /she/it form of regular verb

  C Write about a friend’s family. Write 60-80 words. Include
  information about their jobs and personalities.

• VOCABULARY time expressions 1 look at the information about Tara
  and complete sentences 1-8.

  My week Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri

  sleep late do sport ./ ./ ./

  have lunch at ./ ./ home clean the flat the I st and 3rd Friday
  of every month go shopping ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ meet friends for dinner
  go to the I or 2 times every year cinema phone Mum ././ ././ ././
  ././ ././

  I Tara stee/2s late once a week 2 She sport 3 She lunch at home
  4 She the flat 5 She shopping 6 She friends for dinner 7 She to the
  cinema 8 She her mother

  FUNCTION making arrangements 2 Correct the mistakes in the
  conversation. A: Hi, Stefan ie. Do you free tomorrow?

  1 Hi. Stefanie. Are you free tomorrow? B: Yes, I am. What you
  want to do?

  2

  ./

  ././

  Sat ./

  ./

  ./

  ././

  —————————————

  A: How about going a club?

  B: Mmm. That a problem. I don ‘t like loud music. 4
  —————————————

  A: You like films? 5 —————————————

  B: Yes, I like. 6 —————————————

  A: How about see the new James Bond film] 7
  —————————————

  B: OK. What time do you want go? 8
  —————————————

  A: Seven good for me. 9
  —————————————

  B: OK, see us there! 10

  —————~———————-

  LEARN TO show interest 3 Complete the words.

  A: W e’ve got a new baby! A lit e g,rl’ B: That’s fantastic !
  What’s her na e?

  2 A: I always go swimming before I go 0 0 B: That’s gr . It ‘s
  very good or

  3 A: My sister isn’t here. She isn’t very well . B: Oh. That’s a
  sh . I hope she’s 0 soon .

  4 A: We never go on holiday. We haven ‘t got an mo e . B: That’s
  aw ! Everyone needs a holida .

  5 A: Oh, no, the airport’s closed and I’ve got a nigh IS
  afternoon .

  B: That’s te ! Why is it closed? 6 A: This is my cousin, Monika.
  She’s a chef.

  B: That’s in . I love cooking! 7 A: I’ve got a new girlfriend.
  She’s beautiful and intelligent.

  B: That’s wo ____ ! Where’s she from?

  VOCABULARY special occasions 4 look at the pictures and complete
  the activities.

  dance to special m, ____ _ 2 g, ____ apr ___ _ 3 w special cl
  ___ _ 4 w f ________ on TV 5 h ____ a p ___ _ 6 s ‘H _____ b, _____
  _ 7 in ____ gu ___ _ 8 g, ____ to a re ___ _ 9 e special f ____
  _

  I o

• REVIEW AND CHECK I: UNITS 1-3

  VOCABULARY review 1 A Add the vowels to the words in each
  group.

  t r ~ v~ 1 1_ g ht _ r w_ 11 _ t P_ 1_ nd s_ ndw _ ch

  2 n _ wsp_ p _ r __ rdr _ ss_r

  _ r- … …

  — _ …. _ ..

  ~ _ r

  — — —

  h_t ch_c_l_ t_ K_r __ n

  4 _ n g_ n __ r s __ v _ n _ r

  c l __ n th _ r __ ms V __ tn _ m m _ g _ z _ n _ c h _ ck _ n r
  _ 1I

  v o

  B In each group find: a job (J), two objects (0), a country (C)
  or nationality (N), a food (F) or drink (D) , and a verb or verb
  phrase (V). C Match stress patterns a)-d) with groups 1-4 in
  Exercise lA. a) 000 4 b) 0 0 c) 0 0 0 d) 0 00 D RCl.l Listen and
  repeat.

  GRAMMAR present simple 2A Complete the text with the correct
  form of the verbs in brackets.

  IS THIS A REAL ,JOB? MEET ROY, THE HOLIDAY VOLUNTEER

  Royl ‘s (be) Canadian and 2 (work) in a youth hostel in Corfu,
  Greece. He and the other hostel workers 3 (be) volunteers -they 4
  (not get) money for their work. Every day Roy 5 (get up) at six and
  6 (have) breakfast in the hostel. He 7 (not coo) he meals. Cynthia
  8 (be) the chef and she 9 (do) a e sopping and cooking. Every
  morning, Roy 10 (clean) the rooms ad » (help) on the organic farm
  at the hostel, growing food for the g es s. In the afternoons, he
  12 (not work) and he usually 13 ___ _ (go) to the beach. A fter
  dinner, he and the hostel guests often 14 (chat) together. ‘ It 15
  (be) a great job,’ Roy says. ‘Everyone’s very friendly. I 16 (not
  want) the summer to end.’

  B Write the questions. How old / be / Roy?

  2 Where / be / he / from? 3 Where / be / the hostel? 4 How much
  / money /

  the volunteers / get? 5 W hen / Roy / get up? 6 Who / be /
  Cynthia? 7 she / clean / the rooms? 8 What / Roy / usually / do
  /

  in the afternoons? 9 W hat / he and the guests /

  do / in the evenings? 10 he / like / his job?

  C Answer the questions.

  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

  10

  He’s twenty-seven.

  How old is Roy?

• REVIEW AND CHECK I: UNITS 1-3

  VOCABULARY personality 3A Put the letters in order to complete
  the riddles.

  I never talk, but I’m not very tqeiu ..,.ql»‘-W»,,-‘eLt __ 2 I’m
  not eellnintgit ____ , but I always know the time, 3 I’m usually
  quite sisoreu , but not very nikd

  ____ or /eirnyfd ___ _ 4 I’m really /ovttikeo ____ and I never
  listen. S I’m quite pidsut , but I write in many languages.

  B Match objects a}-e} with sentences 1-5 in Exercise 3A. a) a
  radio 4 d) a pen b) a watch e) the TV news c) a dog

  GRAMMAR have/has got 4 Complete the sentences with be or
  have/has got. What’s the answer to question 8? I My name ‘s Amari.
  2 I one brother and one sister. 3 My mother one sister. 4 She (not)
  any brothers. S My mother’s sister Jen. 6 Jen married to Henry. 7
  Jen and Henry two nephews and one niece. 8 I a boy or a girl?

  VOCABULARY / FUNCTION SA Complete the poems. Poem I I
  do!.!,n-,,-‘t ___ like my mobile ph ___ _

  revision

  I of want to be alone. But then my mo ____ phone, it rings. I
  really, really ha these th, ___ _ Poem 2 ‘I like co ing and cI ing,
  too.’ ‘Oh, good. The gue arrive at two. You ma..a ____ a cake and
  wa..a ____ the floor and wake me up at ha past fO, ____ I’ Poem 3
  ‘Co I have a sandwich, pl ____ ?’ ‘Of co , what kind? Meat or ch
  ____ ?’ ‘Oh, I’m not sure, so ca I please have one of those and one
  of th l ‘ Poem 4 ‘Are you fr ____ at half past five?’ ‘Sorry,
  that’s when my friends ar ___ _ ‘Then ho ab ____ meeting at two or
  three?’ ‘Sorry, I’m bu ____ .’ ‘When are you fr ?’

  B RC1.2 Listen and check. Then listen and repeat.

  LISTENING 6A RC1.3 Listen to the conversation at a hotel
  reception. Circle the correct picture of the lost item.

  B Listen again and complete the lost property report.

  AIRPORT HOTEL LOST AND FOUND PROPERTY REPORT

  Recepti oni st:
  ~A»-,n:J~»,,,e,,-,,/a.»‘—.LLM~es.:s>l.+.L.-_—;;:—__ _ Guest:
  1 _____________ _

  Room number: 2 ————~——

  Mobile phone number: 3 ——~—

  Item lost:

  4 wiN, 5$ _______ _

  6 ——— ~a.rd a.nd 7 ______ _

  Item checked and returned: [] Signature: II /More-tti

  Date: 8 ______ _

  II

• TEST I:UNITS 1-3

  TEST Circle the correct option to complete the sentences. I A:
  Are your keys on that table?

  B: No, I think they’re Franco ‘s. a) those b) these c) this

  2 When work? a) you finish b) you do finish c) do you finish

  3 A: Are you from Canada? B: No, I’m ___ _ a) Mexicish b)
  Mexican c) Mexico

  4 My parents ____ out on Fridays. a) go often b) often go c)
  often are

  5 A: What’s the time? B: Its ___ _ a) a quarter eleven 0) hal 0
  I e c) eight Ifteen

  6 Da d’s a ____ child. He never smiles. a se ous o unn

  A:. Is our na e C ung? B: es. a am b) It IS

  8 A: Can you help us? B: Sorry. I time.

  c) unfriendly

  c) my name is

  a) haven ‘t got b) don’t have got c) hasn’t got 9 A: What do you
  do in the evenings?

  B: I go to the cinema I do nothing. a) or b) and c) but

  lOA: What’s that? B: It’s a birthday card for my ____ . He’s
  four

  II

  today. a) niece b) uncle ____ at the health centre? a) Jason
  does work b) Does Jason work

  12 A: Is Carlos married? B: ___ _

  a) No, he not b) No, he isn ‘t c) He’s no married

  13 My is in the office. a) dairy b) diery

  14 a sandwich, please? a) Can I have b) Could I

  c) nephew

  c) Works Jason

  c) diary

  c) Do you

  15 Eva ____ her MP3 player everywhere. a) listens to b) listen
  to c) listens

  16 A: Susan, ____ is Julio. B: Hi, Susan. Nice to meet you. a)
  this b) he c) here

  17 Paolo ____ dogs. a) no likes b) don’t like c) doesn ‘t
  like

  18 How about ____ to the cinema? a) go b) going c) we go

  I 9 They __ a lot of sport. a) do b) make c) take

  20 Ricardo ____ twenty-five. a) is b) has got c) have

  21 A: Where are Kris and Marta? B: ____ in the cafe. a) There
  b)Their c) They’re

  22 You ‘re very ____ today. Are you OK? a) quite b) quiet c)
  happy

  23 A: Is this your pen? B: No, I think it’s ___ _ a) Elena b)
  Elena’s c) mine

  24 A: How often do you go to a concert? B: ___ _

  a) One a month. b) One in a month. c) Once a month.

  25 A: Do you like films? B: ___ _

  a) Yes, I like b) No, I don’t like c) Yes, I do 26 I’m not
  Sylvie’s father, I’m her brother! She’s my

  a) daughter b) aunt c) sister 27 Michelle, ____ free
  tonight?

  a) are you b) do you c) you are 28 I go to the cinema — maybe
  once a year.

  a) never b) hardly ever c) sometimes 29 a computer?

  a) Has Ian got b) Ian has got c) Has got Ian 30 That isn’t your
  book. It’s

  a) my b) Ana c) mine

  /30 I

• 4.1 PLACES

  VOCABULARY rooms/furniture 1 A Find ten rooms/furniture in the
  puzzle.

  rcc I V I N G R 0 0 M) Z C W L N 0 I N A G E R U A K I T C H E N
  M I P R Q u G B A T E R 0 B D I S H E L V E S T 0 R E Y B D E A T 0
  H A 0 Z R M R U K P F E R B A L C 0 N Y Q A V D E A T C 0 D E S K T
  P 0 E A R M C H A I R

  B Write the words in the correct group.

  Places in a house Furniture living room

  GRAMMAR there is/are

  zoOM FOE- E-Nl On~ b~droom for rent in a lar ~ flat with other
  stud~nts . 6.ood 10Gation — anI ten minutes rom the station. g.~nt
  4oo R~~r~m=o=n,-«th»—___ _ Phone f,duardo on o4~] 3q~ ~S4oq

  2A Read the advert and complete the conversation with the
  correct form of there is/are. A: Hi. Eduardo, my name’s Ken . I’m
  interested in the flat.

  Can I ask you some questions? B: Sure. A: 1 Is there a living
  room? B: No, 2 _____ but 3 _____ a big kitchen.

  We use it as a living room . : And 4 a television?

  3: We’ve got a small TV in the kitchen and 5 ____ _ an internet
  connection in each room.

  Oh, that ‘s good. So at the moment how many people 6 in the
  flat?

  3: 7 two of us, me and Karol. Karol’s Polish and I’m from
  Argentina. 8 anything else you want to know?

  Er … oh yes, are you near the shops? — Well, 9 about five or
  six shops near the

  station and 10 a large shopping centre about ten minutes
  away.

  OK, thanks. It sounds great!

  B Underline the key word with the main stress in each
  sentence.

  Is there a living room? 2 There’s a big kitchen. 3 Is there a
  television? 4 How many peo ple are there? S There are two of us. 6
  There’s a large shopping centre.

  C 4.1 Listen and check. Then listen and repeat.

  VOCABULARY prepositions (I) 3 Underline the correct
  alternative.

  A: Where’s Antonia? B: She’s on / ill / behind her bedroom.

  2 A: I want to take a photo of everyone. B: OK. Samad, could you
  stand on / under / in front of

  Tomas? 3 A: Where’s your flat?

  B: It’s on / between / above that shop. 4 A: Is there a cafe
  near here?

  B: Yes, there’s one between / on / in the cinema and the post
  office.

  S A: Have you got oday’s newspaper? B: Yes. it’s in / on /
  between the kitchen table.

  6 Always look behind / above / next to you when you start your
  car.

  1 A: Who’s that next to / between / in your dad in the
  photo?

  B: That ‘s my brother, Stefano. 8 A: Where’s the cat?

  B: Look under / above / between the sofa.

• READING 4A Label the picture with the words in the box.

  I wall~a~er mirror curtain sofa picture

  B What do you think? Underline the alternatives in sentences
  1-6. In a small room …

  have / don’t have lots of small furniture. 2 use / don’t use one
  or twO pieces of large

  furniture. 3 have / don’t have a lot of pictures. 4 put / don ‘t
  put a mirror on the wall. S open / don’t open curtains in the day.
  6 paint / don’t paint your walls a dark colour.

  C Read Top tips for small rooms and check your answers.

  o Look at the photo in Exercise 4A. Complete the sentences with
  There’s/There are. I There are no armchairs.

  2 a big sofa next to the window.

  3 a picture on the wall.

  4 a curtain.

  S a big mirror above the sofa.

  6 no lamps in the room.

  7 two tables in the room.

  8 a cup on the table.

  9 no shelves.

  10 a plant between the sofa and the w indow.

  TOP TIPS FOR SMALL ROOMS BY INTERIOR DESIGNER MARIA WRIGHT

  In a small home it’s important to choose the right furniture.
  With the wrong furniture, your room can look crowded but with the
  right furniture it can loc spacious’ and large.

  People with small rooms usually make a big mistake. They put
  lots of furnitu f in the room — they often have two or three small
  armchairs and tables, or a table and a desk — and they put lots of
  small pictures on the walls.

  A small room looks good with one or two big pieces of furniture,
  for examl a sofa or a table — for relaxing, eating and working.
  Have one or two pictur no more, and put up a mirror. A mirror in
  the right place gives more light ar makes the room look big .
  Windows are very important because they make i room look light and
  spacious. Use curtains but don’t close them in the day. Put
  wallpaper on one wall and paint the other walls a light colour, for
  examl white or yellow; don’t use brown or black or other dark
  colours .

  spacious = hds d lot of SPdce

  WRITING punctuation SA Add four full stops, three commas and
  four capital letters to the text. a man lives on the twelfth floor
  of a tall building every morning he leaves home takes the lift down
  to the lobby and leaves the building in the evening he gets into
  the lift goes to the tenth floor opens the lift doors and walks up
  the stairs to his flat sometimes there’s someone else in the lift
  and he goes up to the twelfth floor

  B Why does the man do this?

• ),

  LISTENING 1 A Look at the photo of Pueblo Ingles and underline
  one alternative. I Pueblo Ingles is in Spain / Canada / England. 2
  You can speak French / English / Spanish in Pueblo Ingles.

  B 4.2 Listen and check.

  C Listen again and underline the correct alternative. English
  speakers pay 300 euros / nothing to stay in Pueblo Ingles.

  2 There are twenty / forty people in the village. 3 The people
  are all from Spain and Australia / many

  different countries. 4 People in Pueblo Ingles are all in their
  twenties / between

  twenty and sixty years old. S Every day Janet speaks English to
  one Spanish student /

  different Spanish students. 6 In the evening Janet is free /
  eats with the Spanish students. 7 The people in the village
  sometimes / never speak Spanish. 8 Janet thinks it’s hard work /
  likes it a lot.

  VOCABULARY places in a town 2 Where do you go? Complete the
  crossword with shops and places.

  Across 3 You need some aspirin. 4 You like doing exercise. 6 You
  like looking at very old objects. 8 You need some money.

  You want to watch a film . Down

  You want to watch a play. You need some food for the
  weekend.

  3 You want to buy a stamp and send a letter. You want to see the
  mayor.

  — You want to do some English classes.

  GRAMMAR can for possibility . 3 Complete the conversations with
  the correct form of can and the subject] n brackets. Conversation I
  A: Hello. I Can I (I) change a hundred euros into

  rupiahs, please? For Indonesia. B: Yes, 2 (you) but we haven’t
  got any here

  at the moment. 3 (we) get them here in two or three days. 4
  (you) collect them on Friday morning?

  A: Friday’s difficult — 5 (I / not) do it then. How about
  Saturday?

  B: Sorry. We’re closed on Saturday but 6 ____ _ (you) collect
  them on Monday, if that’s OK.

  A: Yes, no problem.

  Conversation 2 A: Hello. Welcome to Plainfield Sports
  Centre.

  7 (I) help you? B: Yes. My son wants extra swimming lessons.
  Have you got

  classes for beginners? A: Er … what time of day 8 (he) come?
  B: He’s at school until four so 9 _____ (he) come in

  the evenings. A: OK. We’ve got a class on Mondays. B: Oh, 10 (he
  / not) come then. His favourite

  TV programme is on Mondays. A: I see. II (he) come on Thursday?
  B: No, 12 (he / not). He always watches his

  other … A: .. . favourite TV programme? B: That’s right!

• 4A Complete the quiz questions with verbs in the box.

  I eat watch travel speak see

  WHERE IN THE WORLD … ? 1 Where can you -«e»»a,,-t __
  mooncake?

  a) Mexico b) China c) Sweden

  2 Where can you four languages in one country?

  a) Switzerland b) Canada c) Japan

  3 Where can you Michelangelo’s famous statue of David?

  a) Brazil b) Spain c) Italy

  4 Where can you across eleven time zones in one country?

  5

  B Circle the correct answers in the quiz.

  C Read sentences 1-5 and check your answers. can

  Mooncake is a very sweet cake. You~ eat it in China at the
  Mid-Autumn Festival.

  2 In Canada you hear two languages, French

  and English, but in Switzerland there are four

  official languages: Italian, French, German and

  Romansch.

  3 The statue of David is in Italy. You visit it in

  Florence.

  4 India has got one time zone, the USA has four,

  and in Russia you go through eleven time zones.

  S Rio and Madrid have got a lot of football teams,

  but in London you choose between sixteen

  A»erent football clubs including Arsenal ,

  ~y,rarr’ ou> 4C again. Add can to each

  VOCABULARY prepositions (2) SA Read sentences 1-7 and label the
  basketball players in the picture below. I Eduardo is in front of
  Dirk. 2 Andrei is opposite Eduardo. 3 Steve is on the right of
  Dirk. 4 Theo is behind Steve. S Tony is next to Andrei. 6 Nene is
  on the left of Tony. 7 Jorge is opposite Nene.

  B Underline the correct alternative. Andrei is on the left of /
  on the ri~ht of Tony.

  2 Steve is in front of / opposite Theo. 3 Nene is opposite /
  behind Jorge. 4 Tony is behind / next to Nene. S Eduardo is next to
  / on the left ofJorge. 6 Andrei, Nene and Tony are opposite / near
  each other.

  A Dirk B C ______ __ D ______ __

  E F G ______________ _ H ______________ _

• VOCABULARY things to buy 1 A Write the shop names under pictures
  1-10.

  sPorts shop 2

  3 4

  5 6

  7

  9 ________________ 10

  B Complete the things to buy from the shops. Go to shop I to buy
  tra!!..!in»»er»,-s ___ or a swi ______ _ co s, _____ _

  _ In shop 3 you can buy new _______ and mag, _____ _ You can buy
  jea and a jac _______ in shop 4.

  ..!. Do you want an Italian-English dic ? Go to shop 9.

  — You can buy bre ______ and cak~ ___ in shop 5. :; You go to
  shop 7 when you need a bla..a ____ DVD,

  hea or a mem sti _____ _

  FUNCTION shopping 2 Add the words from the box to the
  conversations.

  yeti ‘II Can in too got problem them enough ‘re it expensive
  they

  Conversation I you

  A: Canj help me? B: Yes?

  A: Have you got these jeans black? B: Black? I think so.
  Yes.

  A: Oh, they aren’t big. Have you got in size 16?

  B: Er .. . let me look. Ah, yes.

  A: Great, I take them. How much are?

  B: They 39.99.

  Conversation 2

  A: I help you?

  B: Yes, we need a Scotland football sh irt for Quncan.

  A: OK. Try this one.

  B: No, it’s big. Have you it in small?

  A: Here you are.

  B: Thanks. That ‘s great. How much is?

  A: .60.

  B: What? .60! That’s too.

  C:Mum!

  B: No. No, thank you. Sorry, Duncan.

  A: Fine. No.

  LEARN TO say no politely in a shop 3 Put the words in the
  correct order to complete the conversation. Assistant: help / I /
  Can / you?

  I Can I help you? Customer: thanks. / looking, / just / I’m

  2 ——————

  Customer: you / Have / small? / in / this / T-shirt / got

  Assistant: No, / medium. / Only / sorry. / in 4
  ——————

  Customer: No, / isn ‘t / right. / it / anyway. / Thanks 5
  ________________ _

  Assistant: red. / we’ve / in / it / got 6 ________________ _

  Customer: not / Mmm, I’m / think / I / sure. / to / need / it. /
  about 7 —————-

• 5.1 FOOD

  VOCABULARY food/drink 1 A Complete the words.

  gr ___ _

  Vegetables 9

  car _ __ _ 13

  cu _ ____ _ 10

  Meat and fish

  c h __ __ _

  sa _____ _

  Drink 12

  fr ___ ju

  I I

  Other b r _ _ _

  14

  B Write the numbered letters from Exercise 1A to find the
  message.

  23 4 .Q.

  567 8 9 10 I

  » 12 13 14

  2A 5.1 Listen to the pronunciation. Are the underlined sounds
  the same (5) or different (D)? I milk chicken S 2 meat bread 3
  cuc!,!mber Qnion 4 sausages hot dQg 5 s.i!rdines C.i!rrots 6
  ban.i!na gr.i!pe 7 yoghurt butter 8 frillt jillce

  B Listen again and repeat.

  GRAMMAR countable / uncountable nouns 3A Underline the correct
  alternative. I I drink milk / milks every day. 2 My parents eat a
  lot of fruit / fruits . 3 We often have roll / rolls for breakfast.
  4 I don’t like pea / peas. 5 I don ‘t eat meat / meats. 6 I really
  hate rice / rices. 7 We hardly ever have bean / beans. 8 There’s a
  lot of posta / pastas in my cupboard .

  B Make the sentences above true for you.

  2 3 4 5 6 7 8

  4 Use the prompts below to write sentences. Make the nouns
  plural where necessary. I Apple / good / for you.

  Apples are ~,Ood for you. 2 coffee / good / for you?

  3 There / a lot of / sugar / the cupboard.

  4 There / a lot of / sausage / the fridge.

  5 he / like / grape?

  6 I / not like / butter.

  7 you / eat / a lot of / biscuit?

  8 We not / eat / a lot of / egg.

• READING SA Read the article and match recipes 1-3 with shopping
  lists A-C.

  TOO BUSY TO EAT? Do you have a busy lifestyle? When you come
  home from work, are you too tired to cook in the evenings? Here are
  three easy-to-make dishes from TV chef James Conway.

  1 Eggs a la Proven~ale A dish with a sophisticated name, but in
  fact it’s very simple. Mix together three eggs, some tomato sauce,
  a small onion, and some salt and pepper. Put some oil in a frying
  pan and when it’s hot, add the egg mixture. Stir it around and
  ‘There you go!’

  2 Pasta salad

  This is a flexi ble dish, so you can eat it every day. Mix
  together some cooked pasta — I like three-colour pasta — and two
  types of cooked vegetables (e.g. broccoli, tomatoes, corn on the
  cob, green peppers). Add some oil and chilli sauce, stir it around
  … and enjoy! 3 Cola chicken Cola chicken is simple to make. You
  need a chicken, some cola, an onion and a green pepper. Cut up the
  chicken, the onion, and the green pepper and put them together in a
  pan. Add some cola, some herbs and spices, and cover it with
  aluminium foil. Bake it at 350 degrees for one hour.

  ~ SHOPPING UST parla (3-co(o0.r) ejgS lomaloes brocco(,

  +OIWl.+O scw.ee I oKiott

  clvl(,’ ra0.ce sa.1t 0,1 oil

  []

• I 5.2

  VOCABULARY containers 1 Vic and Bob are going on a camping trip.
  Complete their conversation with eight of the words in the box.
  Make them plural if necessary.

  ~ bottle bag cup packet jar tube mug carton bar roll

  Bob: OK, Vic. Is everything here? Vic: Yes, I think so. Bob: OK.
  Three I cans of baked beans? Vic: Yes. Bob: Five 2 of chocolate?
  Vic: Er … yes. Bob: One 3 of toothpaste? Vic: Yeah. Bob: Five 4
  of water? Vic: Right. Bob: A 5 of cigarettes? Vic: Bob. is is a no
  smoking holiday! Bo : 0 0 6 of jam?

  IC Yes. ____ 0 sweets?

  IC Bob. yo ‘re on a die I Bob: Bu ey»re sugar-free sweets. Vic:
  Huh! Bob: Two 8 ____ of toilet paperl Vic: Er .. . toilet paper?
  Oh, no!!

  VOCABULARY large numbers 2A Write the numbers in words.

  2,523 two thousand. five hundred and twenty-three 2 3,145 3
  1,101 4 10,000 5 721 6 250,000

  B 5.2 Listen and check. Then listen and repeat.

  GRAMMAR how much/many 3A Make questions with how much/ many and
  a word/phrase from columns A and B. Make the nouns in column A
  plural if necessary.

  A B I ffiil6 is there in a hamburger? 2 letter are there in a
  mile? 3 beef are there in English? 4 vowel are there in the UK? 5
  cent is there in a 25-metre swimming pool? 6 water are there in the
  English alphabet? 7 juice is there in one can of cola? 8 sugar al
  ethel e in the ayel age Ailiel icall fan lily? 9 country are there
  in a euro?

  10 kilometres is there in ten kilos of oranges?

  I How many children are there in the average American family? 2
  3 4 5 6 7 8 9

  10

  B Match answers a)-j) with questions 1-10. a) 100 5 b) 375,000
  litres c) 1.61 d) two e) 40 grams, or 10 spoons f) twenty-six g)
  four: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland h) five i)
  about 3.5 litres j) I 14 grams — one ki lo makes eight burgers

• LISTENING 4A 5.3 Listen to a radio programme and tick the best
  answer.

  On the junk food lover’s diet .. . I you can eat a lot of junk
  food . 2 you can eat a little junk food . 3 you can ‘t eat any junk
  food .

  B Complete the questions with How much/ many. I How many hot
  dogs can you eat in a week? 2 chocolate can you eat in a week? 3
  pieces of pizza can you eat in a week? 4 packets of crisps can you
  eat in a week? 5 hamburgers can you eat in a week? 6 cola can you
  drink in a week?

  C Listen again and answer questions 1-6.

  GRAMMAR quantifiers 5 Make sentence b) the opposite of sentence
  a) . Use the quantifiers in the box.

  quite a lot (of) a lot (of) much many none no

  a) I don’t drink very much coffee. b) I drink quite a lot of
  coffee.

  _ a) I’ve got a lot of friends. b) I haven’t got friends. a)
  There’s a lot of pasta in the jar. b) There isn ‘t pasta in the jar
  .

  ..! a) I haven’t got much time to relax. b) I’ve got time to
  relax.

  — a) There are some tomatoes in the fridge. b) There are
  tomatoes in the fridge.

  _ a) Stamps? Yes, there are some here. 0) Stamps? No, there are
  here.

  WRITING paragraphs 6A Read the blog and number the topics below
  in the correct order. The writer doesn’t give information about two
  topics. drinks snacks fast food breakfast foreign food dinner
  lunch

  ————~~—————~, ~ HOW MY FAMILY EATS Hungarians
  love eating! We have four meals a day: breakfast, lunch, a snack
  and dinner. My son doesn’t eat breakfast at home because he doesn’t
  want to get up early. I make breakfast for him and he takes it to
  school. My husband and I eat breakfast at home. We like eating
  rolls with butter or cheese and ham or different kinds of salami.
  We don’t usually have cereal with milk.

  We have lunch when my son comes back from school — between 1
  p.m. and 2p.m. -and the whole family eats together. Lunch is the
  main meal of the day for us. I cook all day and we always eat hot
  food . We often have vegetable soup, and then we have the main dish
  — for example, pasta, cheese or meat with potatoes, rice or
  noodles. We sometimes eat an afternoon snack -maybe some bread and
  fruit . My son likes having crisps for a snack but they aren’t good
  for him. We have dinner between 6p.m. and 7p.m. We eat something
  light or we have leftovers from lunch. We eat together and talk
  about our day. I like hearing my son talk about school. Our dinner
  is very relaxed. We like food from other countries too, especially
  Italian food. We often eat pizza or spaghetti with bolognese sauce.
  We sometimes go to an Italian restaurant and I learn new
  dishes.

  B Write four or five paragraphs about how your family eats.
  Write 80-100 words.

  —

  —

  —

  II

• VOCABULARY restaurant words 1 Complete the article. Use each
  word ~.

  I menu chef dishes bill order tip waiter

  The American diner is a great place to eat but it’s strange for
  foreigners. When you sit down, someone brings you a glass of ice
  water — you don’t 1 order the water, it just comes. The 2 is not a
  simple list of food, but it’s a long list with hundreds of 3 . A 4
  in a diner can cook anything and everything! Luckily, there are
  often pictures of some of the 5 in the 6 to help you choose. When
  you 7 a simple sandwich, the 8 asks you lots of questions — what
  sort of bread, if you want cheese on it, etc. He writes all the
  information down and gives it to the 9 ___ _ At the end of the
  meal, you ask for the 10 ___ _ Usually. you leave the money on the
  table with the ____ and you leave a 12 of 15-20%. s portant to
  leave a 13 — in the USA, a ____ doeso’t get much money!

  FUNCTION ordering in a restaurant 2 Put the words in the correct
  order. Waiter: ready / you / order / to / are?

  I Are you ready to order? Customer: soup, / like / I’d / onion /
  please / some

  2 ——————

  Waiter: like / a / you / would / course / main? 3 ———
  ———-

  Customer: some / could / lamb / I / roast / have? 4

  Waiter: —————-

  you / would / like / what / vegetables? 5 —————-

  Customer: I / and / have / please / potatoes / peas, / can)

  Waiter:

  6 —————-

  drink / something / to? 7 —————-

  Customer: I / some / mineral/have / could / water? 8
  —————-

  LEARN TO understand fast speech 3A 5.4 Listen and tick what the
  customers order.

  Customer I Customer 2 Customer 3 hamburger roll

  veggie burger lettuce

  onion

  tomato

  corn on the cob salad

  B Look at the phrases from Exercise 3A and draw lines to show
  the linking. I and~a salad too, please 2 corn on the cob 3 and some
  onions on the burger 4 a hamburger in a roll 5 with onion and
  tomato 6 with lettuce and onion

  c ~ 5.5 Listen and check. Then listen and repeat.

  VOCABULARY cooking 4 Complete the words about food and cooking
  with the letters from the alphabet (A-Z). Use each letter only
  once.

  s w ee t

  2 sa __ t 3 to s __ ir 4 spi __ es 5 __ rea __ fast 6 __ u __ ce
  7 to s __ uee __ e 8 to mi __ 9 so __ sa __ ce

  10 to tur __ o __ er II noo __ le __ 12 __ ark __ t 13 to d __
  op 14 __ i I 15 ve __ et __ bles 16 __ an

  f d 1 t

  b o m

  h z

  1 a

  I

  I

  17 __ is __ q w n e

  r y )

• 6.1 THE PAST

  GRAMMAR was/were 1 Complete the sentences with the correct form
  of was/were.

  Jan and I were in Paris at the weekend. It 2.W,-«a»,-S __
  expensive, but interesting.

  2 Simon and his wife (not) at the theatre yesterday. They at the
  cinema.

  3 I late, but the teacher (not) angry. 4 Louise ___ sorry that
  you ___ (not) at her party. 5 We ____ in New York last summer and
  the people

  ____ very friendly. 6 The film ____ (not) funny, but the
  popcorn

  ____ really good!

  2 Write the questions and short answers. Paul Newman — actor? .I
  Canadian? 1 a) Was Paul Newman an actor? Yes. he was. b) Was he
  Canadian? No. he wasn’t.

  2 Beatrix Potter — writer?.I English?.I a) __________ _ b)
  ___________________ _

  3 Beethoven and Wagner — dancers? 1 German?.I a) ___________ _
  b) ___________________ _

  4 Confucius — doctor? 1 Chinese?.I a) ___________ _ b)
  ___________________ _

  5 Che Guevara and Eva Peron — singers? 1 Argentinian?.I a)
  ___________ _ b) __________________ ___

  3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of be in he
  present or past.

  jan ‘S quite talkative now, but he wasn ‘t (not) very talkative
  when he was a child. There a lot of people in the office yesterday
  afternoon, but there only one person here now.

  3 The weather (not) very nice last weekend, but it beautiful
  now. ~ My mother ____ retired now. but most of her life

  she _ ___ a teacher. — W e ____ (not) at home yesterday, but we
  ____ here today.

  :: The food here fine last week. but this meal _ ___ (not) very
  good.

  _ ___ (not) very well yesterday and 1 ___ _ no t) well
  today.

  _ Svetlana at school with me when we were children and now she a
  famous politician.

  = n ere a lot of people at the concert last night, t there (not)
  many here tonight.

  can see you (not) very happy today. What’s e matter? You OK
  yesterday.

  VOCABULARY dates and times 4A Write how you say the dates.

  1913/1959 ‘March the nineteenth. nineteen fifty-nme’ ‘The
  nineteenth of March. nineteen fifty mne.

  2 1/512010

  3 31/312002

  4 30/10/1995 ________________________ _

  5 26/112005

  6 13/10/1957 _______________________ _

  7 21/5/1910

  8 61111805

  B 6.1 Listen and tick the dates you hear in the list in Exercise
  4A. Which one don’t you hear?

  5 Add on, in, ago, yesterday or last to each sentence. Some
  sentences have two correct answers.

  on 1 last It was very cold j Fr.iday.

  2 I was at university 1995.

  3 He wasn’t at home a week.

  4 We were at the party weekend .

  5 Were you at work Wednesday?

  6 My parents were both eighty years o ld year.

  7 The children were tired morning. and today, too.

  8 It was cold July.

  9 We were in the cafe afte rnoon.

  10 Simon was here ten minutes, but he isn’t here now.

• III

  READING 6A Read the article and tick the best title.

  I Work and friendship don’t mix 2 Film star romances 3 Famous
  friends

  B ritney and Justin, Kate and Leonardo … celebrities who have
  something in common : a close friendship. Some film stars were
  friends when they were children. Americans Leonardo DiCaprio and
  Tobey McGuire

  (Spid~rman) were good friends, starting when they were child
  actors looking for work on the same films and TV shows. Work often
  brings famous people together. Justin Timberlake and Britney Spears
  were on the Mickey Mouse Club Show, a children’s TV programme,
  together when they were eleven years old. George Clooney and Brad
  Pitt were co-stars in Ocean’s Eleven, and are very close now.
  Sometimes friends in real life play lovers on screen, and that can
  be difficult. Kate Winslet and Leonardo DiCaprio are good friends,
  but they don’t have a romantic relationship. In the film Titanic,
  for both of them the kissing scenes were strange. ‘It was like I
  was kissing my brother; says Kate.

  B How do the stars know each other? Are they friends from
  c~ildhood (C) , friends from work (W), or doesn’t the article say
  (?)? Tick the correct box. Sometimes two answers are possible.

  c W ?

  Leonardo and Tobey ./

  Justin and Britney

  George and Brad

  Kate and Leonardo

  C Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)? I Leonardo and Tobey
  were on the same TV show

  together. F 2 George and Brad are good fri end s. 3 Kate and
  Leonardo were real life lovers. 4 Kate doesn’t think it was easy to
  be in a romantic film

  with Leonardo. 5 Hugh Grant has got a lot of actor friends. 6
  He’s unfriendly when he works with other actors.

  Of course there are stars who don’t want to be friends with
  other stars. Hugh Grant says he doesn’t like spend ing t ime with
  other actors. ‘I don’t have any actor friends; Grant says, ‘I’m
  friends on the film and then I walk away:

  D Complete the sentences with the words in the box. Then read
  the article again and check.

  I away with together on for (x2) in (x4)

  The celebrities in the article all have something _ ___
  common.

  2 Leonardo and Tobey were ch ild actors looking ___ _ work on
  the same films.

  3 Work brings famous people ___ _ 4 George Clooney and Brad Pitt
  were co-stars ___ _

  Ocean’s Eleven. 5 Sometimes friends ____ real life play lovers
  on

  screen.

  6 The kissing scenes the film Titanic were strange both Kate and
  Leonardo.

  7 Hugh Grant doesn’t want to be friends other stars.

  8 He says he’s fri ends _ _ __ the film and then he walks

• GRAMMAR past simple 1 A Complete the life story of Anita
  Roddick. Use the past simple form of the verbs in the box.

  gro’,,, I:Ip leave open (x2) die meet travel sell come have go
  work get married study

  Anita Roddick started The Body Shop, the first ‘green’
  cosmetics* company. She was born Anita Perelli in the UK in 1942
  and 1 grew up in Littlehampton in the south of England. Her parents
  2 from Italy and she 3 three brothers and sisters. After she 4
  _____ school, Anita 5 ___ _ _ to Bath College and 6 _____ to become
  a teacher. After college, she 7 all around the world. Then she 8
  Gordon Roddick and they 9 _____ in 1970. Anita and Gordon 10 a
  restaurant and then a hotel. At the same time Anita 11 _____ for
  the United Nations. She 12 the first Body Shop in Brighton,
  England, in 1976. The shop 13 only fifteen items with only natural
  ingredients. It now sells over 300 items to 77 million customers
  and in 2004 was the twenty-eighth top name in the world of
  business. Anita Roddick 14 in 2007. She left behind a husband and
  two daughters.

  *cosmetics = make-up, for example lipstick, mascara, hand
  cream

  B Correct the information. Use the negative form of e verb.
  Anita lived in Italy. Anita didn’t live in Italy. She went to Bath
  University.

  3 She became a teacher.

  After college she stayed at home.

  — She and her husband started a cafe.

  She had a son.

  2A How do you pronounce -ed in past simple verbs? Write the past
  simple form of the regular verbs below in the correct place in the
  table.

  wefk change love play finish start Stop want help try enjoy
  travel hate

  It! Idl lId! worked

  B 6.2 Listen and check. Then listen and repeat.

  C Write the past simple of the irregular verbs below.

  think thought 7 know 2 meet 8 draw 3 speak 9 write 4 grow 10
  sleep S wake II leave 6 teach 12 buy

  o 6.3 Listen to the vowel sound in the verbs. Write them in the
  correct place in the table.

  /J:I leI thought

  l’dul lu:1

  GRAMMAR past simple: questions 3 Write questions about Anita
  Roddick.

  Where did her barents come from? Her parents came from
  Italy.

  2 Where ________________ ___

  She grew up in Littlehampton. 3 Howmany ________________ _

  She had three brothers and sisters. 4 What ________________
  _

  After school, she went to Bath College. S When
  _________________________ ___

  She got married in 1970. 6 Where _______________ ___

  She opened the first Body Shop in Brighton. 7 When
  _____________________________ ___

  She died in 2007.

• LISTENING 4A Read the information about Zsilan and Lin. Then
  tick the correct box for sentences 1-5.

  3

  Mi:J name is ZSllan. I was born in sei]-ins on Mai:J ffl, 1qq7
  Mi:J ,eal parents ale d.ead., bLL + an

  ~LLs-t,alian man and. woman ad.op+ed. + me, and. now +hei:J ale
  m!:J mLLrnmi:J and. d.ad.d.~J Now I live In S!:Jd.nei:J

  ZsIIM’ and un are from China. — e ere born on e same day in the
  same year. Their Australian parents adopted* them.

  True Maybe

  4 They live in different cities in Australia. 15 They know each
  other.

  B 6.4 Listen and check. C Listen again and underline t he
  correct answer. I Philip and Denise adopted Zsilan in 199912005. 2
  They brought her home when she was about one/ two. 3 At first,
  Zsilan was very happy/ unhappy. 4 They put letters / a photo on the
  website. 5 Zsilan and Lin looked the same/different. 6 The girls
  met in Sydney/Melbourne. 7 They loved/didn’t like each other from
  the first moment. 8 The girls lived/didn ‘t live together. 9 They
  like dancing and swimming/singing.

  I 0 They found out they were sisters when they were
  eightlten.

  o 6.5 Complete the sentences from the recording w ith t he words
  in the box. Then listen and check.

  very (x2) really at first a lot about much

  Philip: She was, er, I two years o ld, but 2 there was a problem
  …

  Denise: Yes, she was a 3 intell igent little girl, but at first
  she was also 4 quiet. She ate 5 . . . but she didn’t talk 6 ___ _
  we didn’t know what to do.

  Philip: Yes, she was 7 ____ unhappy.

  WRITING

  (YI:; Y1O. me.. is L i Yl. M:; biv-thdc.:; is Mo.:; ‘Dth. 1 wo.S
  bov-Yl iYl Be..ijiYl~. 1 JOYl ‘t v-e..yne.ynbe..v- m:; v-e..a.1 po.
  V-e..Y1+s ) but YlOW 1 ho.ve.. Aus+V-o.l io.Yl po.V-e..Y1+s o.YlJ 1
  live.. iYl Me..lboume…

  *adopt = take into a new family

  becouse,so, ond, but 5 Join each sentence in 1-9 with because,
  so, and or but. Then write a paragraph. I Kasia didn ‘t study last
  night. She fe lt too tired . 2 She needed some fresh air. She went
  out for a walk. 3 It was a warm evening. There were a lot of people
  in the

  street. 4 They looked happy. They weren ‘t very friendly. 5 She
  met an old friend. They went to a cafe. 6 They didn’t talk very
  much. They were happy to be

  together again. 7 Kasia drank coffee; he didn’t drink anything.
  He wasn ‘t

  thirsty. 8 They wanted to meet again. He gave her his phone

  number. 9 Kasia tried the number. It didn’t work. She isn’t
  very

  happy now. Kasia didn’t study last night because she felt too
  tired. She needed some fresh air …

• VOCABULARY weekend activities 1 A Complete the poem with the
  past simple form of t he verbs in t he box.

  go (x2) watch (x 2) play (x2) go for stay (X2)

  ‘I Iwent shopping and 2 TV then 3 ____ some golf and 4 ____
  tea.’ ‘We 5 with friends in Amsterdam and all 6 clubbing till
  3a.m.’ ’17 a DVD at home and 8 the piano all alone.’ ‘W ell my
  weekend was really great. I 9 at home and cooked, and ate.’

  B Read the poem aloud.

  FUNCTION making conversation 2A Put the words in the correct
  order.

  weekend / how / your / was? How was your weekend?

  2 did / do / what / you?

  3 did / what / see / film / you?

  4 good / it / was?

  5 with / go / you / who / did?

  6 on / you / did / what / do / Sunday?

  7 you / did / go / where?

  8 music / was / how / the?

  9 did / get / you / time / what / back?

  o now / tired / you / are?

  B Match answers a)-j) with questions 1- 10 above. a) With my
  cousin, Ian. 5 n) Great! The bands were fantastic! ) Well, on
  Saturday we went to the cinema.

  Perfect! e) The new Batman film. , To Hyde Park, in London. :;
  On Sunday I went to a rock festival with Fran.

  ~ Yes, very good. No, I feel fine. After midnight.

  3A Circle the best answer to show interest. A: What did you do
  on Saturday? B: I had lunch with my grandparents. A: a) It was
  nice.

• REVIEW AND CHECK 2: UNITS 4-6

  GRAMMAR past simple 1 A Complete the forum entries with the
  correct form of t he verbs in the box.

  be (X S) bring buy (x2) do eat go (x2) have (x2) play see

  00 YOU remember the 60s? ~i~ Well , UJe l—‘w-‘-‘e»-re»—_____ a
  typical family. We 2 (not) poor … We 3 ________ the same kind of
  furn iture as noUJ. In the living room there 4 armchairs, a sofa
  and a black and UJhite television. We 5 our first colour TV in
  1968. Doris K

  We 6 ________ (not) food at the supermarket and every morning a
  man 7 fresh milk, bread and eggs to our house. Terry G

  After school , my friends and I 8 to the corner shop next to the
  post off ice . For ten pence UJe got five big bars of chocolate and
  9 it a ll! John M

  There UJas so much neUJ technology — there 10 _______ _ neUJ
  machines in the kitchen and the garden, and neUJ styles of cars. I
  remember my first pocket calculator — it 11 _______ _ amazing! Of
  course, UJe 12 (not) mobile phones or home computers … life UJas
  nice and sloUJ. Eloise B

  When I think of the 1960s I think of family. We alUJays 13
  things together. We UJere a big family UJith three of us boys and
  five girls. At the UJeekend UJe 14 football or other games and UJe
  often 15 ________ for UJalks. Sometimes UJe UJent to the theatre in
  tOUJn and 16 a play. The important thing UJas that UJe UJere
  together. Winston T

  B Complete the questions. Doris and her fam il y / poor? Were
  Doris and her family poor?

  2 W hen / her fam il y / buy / their first colour TV?

  3 Terry’s fam il y / go shopping for food / at the
  supermarket?

  4 Where / they / buy / milk / bread / eggs?

  5 How much / choco late / John and his friends / get / for ten
  pence?

  6 How many / brothers and sisters / Winston / have?

  C Write answers for questions 1-8 in Exercise lB.

  2 3

  No. they weren’t. 4 5 6

  —

  —

  —

  I-

  VOCABULARY revision 2A Look at the forum entries in Exercise lA
  and fi nd:

  two rooms in a house

  living room. kitchen

  2 two pieces of furniture

  3 four electronic items

  4 four weekend activities

  5 four places in town

  B Put the letters in order to make words and phrases. Start with
  the underlined letters. a) iigQnn m[oo dining room b) poba~urd c)
  sholoc d) remmoy ckit~ e) deeshaphon f) yat~ ni deb g) bedra:yyor
  h) og glibbun~ i) ummsue j) trahomoh C A dd w ords a) -j) to groups
  1- 5 in Exercise 2A .

  3 Find t w elve food words in the puzzle.

  c( H 0 C 0 L A T Y H B V U L T E A B

  I I L G R A P E U

  C S Y 0 G H U R T

  K C M X C R B B T

  E U I V D Y R E E

  N I L V Z L E A R

  Q T K B A N A N A

  H 0 N E Y M D N N

• REVIEW AND CHECK 2: U

  GRAMMAR countable / uncountable nouns 4A Add -s where necessary
  to the food on the list.

  2- KilOf> of orange.Q I Kilo of apple. 1/2- Kilo of
  c.he.e.f>e. I bag of ric.e.

  I tin of be.an 2- paC.Ke.tf> of paf>ta ‘3 c.artonf> of
  milK I Kilo of c.arrot

  B Underline the correct alternatives in the phone call. A: Hi ,
  Jo. Where are you? B: Hi. I’m at the supermarket. I left the
  shopping list at work.

  Can I check some th ings? I How much / How many fruit have we
  got?

  A: Let me look. 2No / Non e. B: OK. 3How much / How many
  vegetables 4is / are there? A: Lots, but we haven’t got ssome / any
  potatoes. And we

  need 60 / some spaghetti. Maybe two packets? B: Right. 7/s / Are
  there 80 / any water? A: Yes, we’ve got 90 / some bottle in the
  fridge, but we

  haven’t got IOsome / any mi lk. Can you buy three cartons? B:
  Sure. That’s all , thanks. See you soon!

  VOCABULARY prepositions (I) and (2) SA Look at the picture. Tick
  four true sentences. Correct the false sentences.

  The oranges are next to the bread. The cheese is between the
  beans and the carrots.

  3 The pasta is behind the rice. ,:. The apples are on the left
  of the oranges. S The grapes are in front of the carrots. , The
  bread is above the grapes and the carrots.

  The apples are between the rice and the oranges. The beans are
  on the right of the carrots.

  B ~ RC2.1 Listen and check.

  VOCABULARY life story verbs 6A Complete the life story of a
  famous man . Use the past simple form.

  He was I born in Germany in 1879. He 2st

• TEST 2: UNITS 4-6

  TEST Circle the correct option to complete the sentences. I a
  balcony?

  a) Has it b) Is there c) Are there 2 Yesterday we ____ in the
  Czech Republic.

  a) we nt b) was c) were 3 You can watch plays at the ___ _

  a) theatre b) sports centre c) cinema 4 We’ve got ____ butter in
  the fridge.

  a) some b) a c) any 5 I at home on Saturday.

  a) staid b) staied c) stayed 6 Jessie and Karl got married ___
  _

  a) twO weeks ago b) in two weeks c) las t two weeks 7 A: Can I
  help you?

  B: Thanl

• 7.1 HOLIDAYS

  VOCABULARY travel 1 A Rewrite the sentences using the words in
  the box. You do not need two of the words.

  empty noisy cheap boring uncomfortable slow expensive quiet fast
  comfortable crowded interesting

  There were no visitors in the museum. The museum was
  —«e,,-,m~p,-,;tY1—__

  2 This bed’s very hard — I can’ t re lax on it. This bed’s ____
  _

  3 The train travels at 165 ki lometres an hour. The train is
  very ____ _

  4 There were a lot of people on the beach. The beach was ____
  _

  5 The book’s good and has a lot of useful information. The
  book’s ____ _

  6 The hotel is perfect — no cars outside, no children around, so
  I can sleep all day. The hotel is ____ _

  7 The car was $35,000 so he didn ‘t buy it. The car was too
  _____ for him.

  8 I didn’t like the fi lm. I slept for most of it. The film was
  _ ___ _

  9 These jeans didn’t cost a lot. These jeans were quite ____
  _

  10 I can’t sleep because of the party in the flat below. The
  party is very ____ _

  B ~ 7.1 listen and repeat the adjectives from Exercise lA.

  C listen again and write the adjectives in t he correct place
  according to the stress.

  1 0 200 cheap empty

  3 000 4000

  50000

  GRAMMAR comparatives 2 Correct the mistakes in the
  sentences.

  Hondas are popular than Suzukis. Hondas are more popular than
  Suzukis.

  2 South Africa’s hoter than Italy.

  3 I’m more old than my brother.

  4 Indian food is spicyer than English food.

  5 Lena’s intelligenter than me.

  6 Cola is sweetter than lemonade.

  7 Chinese is more difficult that English.

  8 Crisps are badder for you than chips.

  3 Complete the article with the comparative form of the
  adjectives in brackets.

  Either … or._? We ask singer and actress Sonia Haig to choose.
  Which is better .. . ? a: Singing or acting? A: Singing. Singing is
  1 easier (easy) for me than acting. a: Healthy food or junk food?
  A: Junk food. I know healthy food is 2 (good) for me, but

  after a concert alii want is a pizza or a hamburger and
  chocolate! a: Relaxing on a beach or visiting an art gallery? A:
  Oh, visiting an art gallery because it’s 3 _ ____
  (interesting).

  Sitting on a beach is boring. a: Dinner at a restaurant or
  dinner at home? A: That’s a difficult question. I like cooking, but
  I like having dinner at a

  restaurant because it’s 4 (romantic) than eating at home.

  a: Family or friends? A: Family. I’m 5 (close) to my sister

  than to my friends and I phone my parents every day.

  a: Summer or winter? A: Well , I love looking at snow …
  but

  winter is 6 (cold) and I prefer being hot. OK, summer.

  a: New York or Paris? A: I love Paris, but I love New York
  more

  because it’s 7 (big) than Paris and I like all the shops. I have
  an apartment near Central Park.

  a: Cats or dogs? A: Dogs. They’re 8 ___ (friendly)

  than cats!

• » «Z ~»,Y ;, ‘t~. ~’0, ~:;:,~»»»l!{,,,,,, » ~

  7.1 ‘

  READING 4A Read the emails. Are Tim and Mike good travel
  partners?

  Hi Dan,

  Mike and I arrived in Barcelona on Satu rday. The first night we
  were in a self-catering apartm ent near the beach . I didn ‘t sleep
  we ll becau se it was too noisy, so ye sterd ay I moved to a hote l
  in the city cent re. Mike stayed at th e apartme nt because it’s
  quite cheap. My hotel’ s very comfo rtabl e and quiet and it ‘ s
  got Spani sh TV, so I can pract ise my Spanisn in the eveni ngs.
  Yesterday Mike came with me to t he Picasso Museum. I thought it
  was fantastic, but he wanted to leave after an hou r. He said it
  was boring, so we went to t he beach and met some local people and
  he talked to them for almost th ree hours .. . that was bor ing! Of
  course , he spoke in English because he doesn ‘t know much Spani
  sh. Last night I wanted to go to a restauran t to try t he local
  food, but Mike said it was too expensive. We

  ent 0 a cheap snack bar and the food was awful.

  Hope you’re ell.

  Tim

  Hi Lucy, Tim and I are here in beautiful Barcelona. I’m in a
  self-catering apartment near the beach. It’s not very comfortable ,
  but I only go there to sleep. The f irst night there was a party
  next door and I danced until 3a.m. Tim said it was too noisy and he
  moved into a hotel in the city centre. He stays in his room in the
  evenings and watches TV! Can you believe it — watching TV on
  holiday!? Yesterday we went to the Picasso Museum. Wel l, it was OK
  … for about an hour … but Tim wanted to stay there all day! You
  know me … I like relaxi ng on the beach and meet ing people —
  yesterday I met some great people from Madrid and we chatted al l
  afternoon.

  Tim always wants to eat in expensive places, but I li ke buying
  food from shops and eating it on the beach. Last night we went to a
  snack bar. The food was terrib le.

  Mike

  B Who do you think says sentences 1- 8? Write Tim (T), Mike (M)
  or both (TM). I I haven ‘t got much money. M 2 A g

• VOCABULARY places (I) 1 Complete the puzzle and find what you
  have when y go on holiday.

  a k e

  2

  3

  4

  5

  6

  7

  8

  9

  10

  I You have

  GRAMMAR superlatives 2A Read adverts A-C. Which holiday is good
  for:

  a family? 2 people who like relaxing? 3 people who like active
  holidays?

  [;] V:=:=:~~================4-, LUXURY WEEKEND «-A relaxing
  weekend at the beautiful 5-star Hanover Hotel. Swim in the warm sea
  and relax on the beach all day! Tennis courts a~d bicycles are
  available. The perfect laid-back holiday.

  :.’:. (3 nights — 1 ,490 per person)

  MOUNTAIN ADVENTURE Mountain biking in the Indian Himalayas —
  spend the day biking and sleep in tents at night. Prepare for
  temperatures of -1 DOC! A real adventure for the sporty
  holidaymaker. (10 days — 2,490 per person)

  FAMILY FUN Caow Fall/ily I)as

  cvel’,Ythil1g youl’ childrel1 l1eed to havc a good tio)e — a
  lovely hlue lake, al1 advcl1tul’C playgrOUl1d, o)iJ)i-goll’ lll)d
  go-karts. St:lY il1 a selr-catel’iJ)g apartll1CI1f. Sit baCH

  relax 8l1d let us give y~ur childl’cl1 tI)C holidav ‘oj’ a

  Iil’cth17c! . ((i days — ESSO per rm17i1y)

  B Write sentences about the holidays using the superlative of
  the adjective. I expensive The most expensive is Mountain
  adventure. 2 cheap 3 comfortable 4 noisy 5 long 6 easy 7 difficult
  8 short 9 uncomfortable

  10 cold

  3A Write the questions. I What / long / word in this
  sentence?

  What’s the longest word in this sentence? 2 What / short / word
  on this page?

  3 Which / interesting / text in units 1- 6 of this book?

  4 Which / good / exercise on this page?

  5 What / difficult / grammar point in English?

  6 Who / happy / person in your family?

  7 Who / friendly / person in your English class?

  8 Which / bad / restaurant in town?

  B Answer the questions in Exercise 3A.

• 7.2

  II

  LISTENING 4A 7.2 Look at the map and listen to Nick’s audio
  diary. Does his train go to or from Moscow?

  SIBERIA

  B Read sentences 1-8 below and check any new words in your
  dictionary. I The Trans-Siberian train journey takes nine days. F 2
  The compartment IS for two people.

  3 An on doesn’t speak much English.

  4 Nick can see snow, forests, villages, and lakes out of the
  window.

  5 N ick and Anton buy food from women on the train .

  6 They drink a lot of coffee on the train .

  7 On the last evening of the journey, Nick went to a party. 8
  Nick loved the Trans-Siberian train journey.

  C Listen to Nick’s diary again. Are sentences 1-8 true (T) or
  false (F)? o Correct the false sentences. I The Trans-Siberian
  train iourney takes seven days.

  WRITING checking and correcting SA Read the extracts from Nick’s
  blog. Underline and correct ten more mistakes. Check: the spelling
  past tense forms singular and plural

  Hi, it’s Nick again. We started

  the day with a surprise — but not went

  a good one. Anton and I goed

  to the dining car for brekfast

  and there wasn’t any food . That

  wasn’t a big problem because

  I had some biscuit and we

  drinked some tea, but then we

  went back for lunch and it was the same situation. The

  waiter telled us that there’s a station where they usually

  get food , but the food truck wasn’t there.

  Nobody on the train was worried about this becaus

  almost everybody broght their own food . A guy called

  Egor gaves us half of his roast chicken and a Chinese

  couple gave us some bread. Peoples were so kind.

  Anton and I talked about how to thank them … so I

  tought them some English songs and it were real ly just a

  big party. My best day on the train!

  B Write a short text about one day on a journey. It can be a
  real journey or an imaginary one. Write 80-100 words. Use the
  questions to help you. Where were you? How did you travel? What
  happened? Was it a good day?

  C Check and correct any mistakes.

• VOCABULARY places (2) , Add the missing vowels to make places in
  towns.

  sq __ r_

  2 c_r p_rk

  3 sw_mm_ng p __ 1

  4 th __ tr _

  5 I_br _ry

  7 _rt g_lI_ry 8 t __ r _st _ nf _rm_t __ n

  FUNCTION giving directions 2 Look at the map of Dublin, Ireland,
  and complete the conversation. Speaker A is at Pearse Street
  station (START) and wants to go to the Tourist Information Office
  (TO. A: Excuse me. Can you tell me the I way to the

  Tourist Information Office. please? B: Sure. Go down here and 2
  right into Lincoln

  Place and then right again into Nassau S

The shortening of words
involves the shortening of both words and word-groups. Distinction
should he made between shortening of a word in written speech
(graphical
abbreviation)
and in the sphere of oral intercourse (lexical
abbreviation).
Lexical abbreviations may be used both in written and in oral speech.
Lexical abbreviation is the process of forming a word out of the
initial elements (letters, morphemes) of a word combination by f
simultaneous operation of shortening and compounding.

This comparatively new way
of word-building has achieved a high degree of productivity nowadays,
especially in American English.

Shortenings (or
contracted/curtailed
words/clipping)
are
produced in two different ways.
The first
is to make a new word from a syllable (rarer, two) of the original
word. The latter may lose its beginning (as in phone
made from
telephone,
fence from
defence),
its ending
(as in hols
from
holidays,
vac from
vacation,
props from
properties,
ad from
advertisement)
or both
the beginning and ending (as in flu
from
influenza,
fridge from
refrigerator):

It was remarkable that the
prisoners were so brain-dulled by their conditions that the onset of
flu symptoms
caused no special reaction at first. (Clancy).

Words that have been
shortened at the end are called apocope
(vet
(veterinary); doc
(doctor);
prof
(professor);
prep
(preparatory);
mayo
(mayonnaise);
polio
(poliomyelitis);
pro
(professional);
hi—fi
(high
fidelity);
hi—tech
(high
technology);
sci—fi
(of
or
pertaining
to
science
fiction);
UA. міськрада,
(міська
рада) мінекономіки (міністерство
економіки), генпрокуратура (генеральна
прокуратура), aдмінресурс
(адміністративний
ресурс);
Мін ‘юст
(Міністерство юстиції);
Мінфін (Мініcmерcmво
фінансів);
держдеп (державний департамент США);
універмаг (універсальний
магазин);
нардеп (народний депутат);
комп
(комп’ютер);
клава
(клавіатура);
універ
(університет);
лаби
(лабораторні
роботи)):

Next he opened the jar of
mayonnaise, and using his finger as a knife, began to slather the
slices of bread with mayo.(King).

“It was a bomb,
essentially, a Molotov cocktail, gas and motor oil” the fire
marshal said. “Not a
pro job,
but a pro
couldn’t
have done it any better” (Sandford).

There must have been
thousands of people with minicams
(minicamera)
at the scene (Clancy).

It had taken him just five
years to turn Tech-Electric,
a failing
electronics firm that he’d bought for a song in 1979,
into a leading
manufacturer of business and personal computer products (Clancy).

Тоді можуть бути
закриті або обмежені коррохунки
українців
в іноземних банках (кореспондентський
рахунок).

Відмова від
євроінтеграції,
навіть
як від стратегічної, бодай і віддаленої
мети…(європейська інтеграція).

Words that have been
shortened at the beginning are called aphaeresis
(phone
(telephone);bus
(omnibus);
copter
(helicopter);
cute
(acute):

One by one the other copters
rogered.
Only Kurtz did not, but he also stayed put (King).

And at the radio station,
the DJ picked up a phone,
said “OK”,
looked through the glass of the broadcast booth at the engineer and
the general manager behind him and nodded (Sandford).

There’s a little girl out
there, about four years old, cute
as devil
(King).

Words in which some
syllables or sounds have been omitted from the middle are called
syncope
(ma ‘m —
madam,
specs —
spectacles).
Sometimes
a combination of these types is observed (tec
− detective, frig − refrigerator).

The second way of
shortening
is to make a new word from the initial letters of a word group (UNO
[‘ju:neu] from the
United Nations Organisation).
This type
is called initial shortenings. They are found not only among formal
words, but also among colloquialisms and slang. So, g.
f. is a
shortened word made from the compound girl-friend.

It is commonly believed that
the preference for shortenings can be explained by their brevity and
is due to the ever-increasing tempo of modern life. Confusion and
ambiguousness are quite natural consequences of the modern
overabundance of shortened words, and initial shortenings are often
especially enigmatic and misleading as the following conversation
between two undergraduates clearly shows:

• Who’s the letter from?

• My g. f.

• Didn’t know you had girl-friends. A nice girl?

• Idiot! It’s from my grandfather!

Here are some more examples
of informal shortenings:

moving-picture → movie

gentleman → gent

spectacles → specs

circumstances → circs

a written acknowledgement of
debt, made from I
owe you →
I. O. Y.

liberty → lib

certainty → cert

metropoly → metrop

exhibition → exhibish

Undergraduates’ informal
speech abounds in words of the type: exam,
lab, prof, vac, hol, co-ed (a
girl student at a coeducational school or college).

The
term abbreviation
may be also used for a shortened form
of a written word or phrase used in a text in place of the whole for
economy of space and effort. Abbreviation is achieved by omission of
letters from one or more parts of the whole:

abbreviation → abbr building → bld government → govt word → wd

dozen → doz/dz limited → ltd Bachelor of Arts → BA New York State → N.Y.

Sometimes
the part or parts retained show some alteration, thus, oz
denotes
ounce
and
Xmas
denotes
Christmas.
Doubling
of initial letters
shows plural forms as for instance pp
for
pages,
ll for
lines
or
cc
for
chapters.
These
are in fact not separate words but only graphic signs or symbols
representing them.

Abbreviations
are often used in Internet communication:

AFAIK − As far as I know; BTW − By the way; DH − Dear husband; DIY − Do it yourself; FYI − For your information; HTH − Hope this helps;

ICBW − I could be wrong; (sometimes it could be worse); ISWYM − I see what you mean; SCNR − Sorry, could not resist; TIA − Thanks in advance; TTFN − Та ta for now; TWIMC − To whom it may concern;

A
specific type of abbreviations having no parallel in Ukrainian is
represented by Latin abbreviations which sometimes are not read as
Latin words but substituted by their English equivalents:

ad
lib (Lat
ad
libitum) —
at
pleasure;

a.m.
(Lat
ante
meridiem) —
in
the morning

cf.
(Lat
conferre)
—
compare;

cp.
(Lat
comparare)
—
compare;

e.g.
(Lat
exempli
gratia)
—
for
example;

ib(id)
(Lat
ibidem)
—
in
the same place;

i.e.
(Lat
id
est) —
that
is;

loc.cit.
(Lat
locus
citato) —
in
the passage cited;

ob.
(Lat
obiit)
—
he
(she) died;

q.v.
(Lat
quod
vide) —
which
see;

p.m.
(Lat
post
meridiem) —
in
the afternoon;

viz
(Lat
videlicet)
—
namely.

An
interesting feature of present-day English is the use of initial
abbreviations
for famous persons’ names and surnames. Thus, George Bernard
Shaw is often alluded to as G.B.S.
[‘dзi:’bi:’es],
Herbert George Wells as H.G.
The
usage is clear from the following example: “Oh,
yes
…
where
was
I?”
“With
H.G.’s Martians,” I told him (Wyndham).

UA. ЛМ
− Леонід
Макарович);

БАБ
−
Борис
Абрамович Березовський;

ВВП −
Владімір
Владімірович Путін.

Російські
політтехнологи радять своєму президенту
розбавляти офіціоз
гумором і сатирою, тож
ВВП
і
пожартував…
(Україна молода № 2067 29.01.2003)

Journalistic
abbreviations are often occasioned by a desire to economise
head-line space:

the
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament → CND.

the
NATO multilateral nuclear force → MLF

CND
Calls Lobby
to Stop MLF
(Daily Worker).

The
Americans claim that, so long as legislation elsewhere falls sport of
their own Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)
of
1977,
they
are at a disadvantage in bidding for international contracts. The
FCPA
outlaws
the payment of bribes by American firms to foreign officials,
political parties, party officials and candidates.(The Economist Feb
28th 2002)

UA.
ПІК “Політика
і культура”;

СІЧ “Слово
і Час”;

УМ “Україна
молода”;

ВВ “Вечерние
вести”;

МК “Московский
комсомолець”;

КП “Комсомольская
правда”.

It
must be emphasised that initial abbreviation, no less than other
types of shortening, retains the valency, i.e. the combining
possibilities of the prototypes. The difference in distribution is
conditioned only by a change of meaning (lexical or more rarely
lexico-grammatical). Abbreviations receive the plural and Possessive
case inflections: G.I.’s,
M.P.’s, P.O.W.’s (from
prisoner
of war), also
the verb paradigm: okays,
okayed, okaying. E.
g. A
hotel’s no life for you… Why don’t you come and P.G. with me?
(A.
Wilson) Here P.G.
is
an abbreviation for paying
guest. Like
all nouns they can be used attributively: BBC
television, TV program, UN vote.

A specifically English word
pattern almost absent in the Ukrainian language must be described in
connection with initial abbreviations in which the first element is a
letter and the second a complete word:

A-bomb − atomic
bomb;

H-bomb − hydrogen
bomb;

x-ray − translation
of German X-Strahl
the name
orig. given to the rays by Roentgen, x
signifying
their unknown nature;

H-hour − the
time, usually unspecified, set for the beginning of a planned attack;
H (for hour)+hour);

D-day − D
(for day) +
day);

UA. Час Х;

час Ч.

There is no uniformity in
semantic relationships between the elements: Z-bar
is a
metallic bar with a cross section shaped like the letter Z, while
Z-hour is
an abbreviation of zero-hour
meaning
“the time set for the beginning of the attack”, U
is
standing for upper classes in such combinations as U-pronunciation,
U-language. Cf.:
U-boat “a
submarine”. Non-U
is its
opposite. So Non-U
speakers are
those whose speech habits show that they do not belong to the upper
classes.

If
the abbreviated written form lends itself to be read as though it
were an ordinary English word and sounds like an English word, it
will be read like one. The words thus formed are called acronyms
(from
Gr across
− “end^‘”+onym
“name”).
This way of forming new words is becoming more and more popular in
almost all fields of human activity, and especially in political and
technical vocabulary:

English

Ukrainian

UN − United Nations ; USA − United States of America; NATO − North Atlantic Treaty Organization; UNICEF − United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund; UNESCO − United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization; OPEC − Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; BBC − British Broadcasting Corporation; M.P. − Member of Parliament; VIP − very important person; SOS − save our souls; GI − government issue (американський солдат); POW − prisoner of war; AIDS − acquired immune deficiency syndrome; HIV − human immunodeficiency virus.

ООН − Організація Об’єднаних Націй; США Сполучені Штати Америки НАТО; ЮНІСЕФ; ЮНЕСКО; ОПЕК; ОБСЄ − Організація з безпеки та співробітництва в Європі; УНР − Українська народна республіка; СБУ − Служба безпеки України; УРП − Українська республіканська партія; СДПУ − соціал-демократична партія України; СНД − союз незалежних держав; ДПА − державна податкова адміністрація; ЧАЕС − Чорнобильська атомна електростанція; ЗМІ − засоби масової інформації.

Borrowed acronyms
are not
deciphered in both in English and Ukrainian though they may have
dictionary entries:

G.P. (for General Purpose
Vehicle) →
jeep (UA.
джип)

lightwave
amplification
by stimulated
emission
of radiation
→ laser
(UA.
лазер,
лазерний)

microwave
amplification
by stimulated
emission
of radiation
→
maser (UA.
Мазер)

young
urban
professional
+ —ie
– yuppy
(UA. япі).

gulag 1.
the system of
forced-labor camps in the Soviet Union. 2.
any prison or
detention camp, esp. for political prisoners. [Rus.
Гулаг,
acronym
from Главное
управление исправительно-трудовьіх
лагарей −
Main
Directorate of Corrective Labor Camps]

Elmer Durgin gave him a look
which suggested that, should the ELFFS succeed in their goal of world
domination, Bissonette would be aboard the first gulag-bound
boxcar.
(King)

Acronyms
present a special interest because they exemplify the working of the
lexical adaptive system. In meeting the needs of communication and
fulfilling the laws of information theory requiring a maximum signal
in the minimum time the lexical system undergoes modification in its
basic structure: namely it forms new elements not by combining
existing morphemes and proceeding from sound forms to their graphic
representation but the other way round —
coining
new words from the initial letters of phrasal terms originating in
texts.

7. Non-productive means
of word formation.

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