What part of speech is the word activity

The word “THE” is a Definite Article and an Adverb.Take a look at the definitions and examples below and you will see how this little word can be used as different parts of speech.

 1. Definite Article

This word “The” is considered as a definite article because it is used to refer to something specific. It is also placed before a noun, if the audience already knows what is being referred to (there is only one or the subject has already been mentioned). For example, let’s look at the sentence below:

“The pope will visit the Philippines in 2015.”

“The” is used because there is only one pope in the whole world.

Definition:

a. used to indicate a person or thing that has already been mentioned or seen or is clearly understood from the situation

• Joe is the tallest boy in class.

b. used to refer to things or people that are common in daily life

• The moon is aligned between the Sun and the Earth.

c. used to refer to things that occur in nature

• The inner planets of the solar system are denser compared to the outer planets.

2. Adverb

Aside from acting as a definite article, “The” can also be used as an adverb. Take for example the sentence below:

“Since getting a new computer, he was able to produce outputs all the quicker.”

In that sentence, “the” serves as an adverb because it modifies the adjective quicker. Take note that the word can only be used as an adverb if it is used together with an adjective or another adverb which is in the comparative degree.

Definition:

a. than before: than otherwise —used before a comparative

• The sooner the better.

b. to what extent

• Mercury is the most cratered planet in our Solar System.

c. beyond all others

• The more the merrier.

Every word is a part of speech, each playing a specific role in a sentence. There are 8 different parts of speech including noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. Each word in a sentence plays a vital role in conveying the meaning and intent of the sentence.

What is Part of Speech?

The English language has thousands of words and every word has some function to perform. Some words are there to show action, some to join, and some to name something. And together, all the functions performed by words in the English language fall under Parts of speech.           
 

Parts of Speech Definition

The parts of speech are the “traditional grammatical categories to which words are assigned in accordance with their syntactic functions, such as noun, verb, adjective, adverb, and so on.” In other words, they refer to the different roles that words can play in a sentence and how they relate to one another based on grammar and syntax.

Parts of Speech Table

Types	Function	Examples	Sentences
Noun	Refers Things or person	Pen, Chair, Ram, Honesty	Cars are expensive. This chair is of wood. Ram is a topper. Honesty is the best policy.
Pronoun	Replaces a noun	I, you, he, she, it, they	They are expensive. It is of wood. He is a topper. It is the best policy
Adjective	Describes a noun	Super, Red, Our, Big, Great class	Super cars are expensive Red chair is for kids Ram is a class topper. Great things take time.
Verb	Describes action or state	Play, be, work, love, like	I play football I will be a doctor I like to work I love writing poem.
Adverb	Describes a verb, adjective or adverb	Silently, too, very	I love reading silently. It is too tough to handle. He can speak very fast.
Preposition	Links a noun to another word	at, in, of, after, under,	The ball is under the table. I am at a restaurant. she is in trouble. I am going after her. It is so nice of him
Conjunction	Joins clauses and sentences	and, but, though, after	First, I will go to college and then I may go to fest. I don’t have a car but I know how to drive. She failed the exam though she worked hard. He will come after he finish his match.
Interjection	Shows exclamation	oh!, wow!, alas! Hurray!	Oh! I got fail again. Wow! I got the job. Alas! She is no more. Hurray! we are going to party.

Parts of Speech Examples with Sentences

Noun

Examples: Luggage, Cattle.

Sentence:  Never leave your luggage unattended.

In some places, cattle are fed barely.

Pronoun

Examples: who, either, themselves

Sentence: I know a man who plays the guitar very well.

Either of the two cars is for sale.

They enjoyed themselves at the party.

Adjective

Examples: kind, moving, wounder.

Sentence: 

She is a kind person.

Boarding a moving bus can be dangerous.

Never poke a wounded animal.

Verb

Examples: Praise, Hate, Punish

Sentence: She always praises her friends.

I don’t hate anybody.

The boy has been punished by his teacher

Adverb

Examples: Always, enough, immediately

Sentence: we should always help each other.

We should be wise enough to understand what is good for us.

We should leave bad habits immediately.

Preposition

Examples: Off, Below, From. to

Sentence: 

He plunged off the cliff

I live below the 9th floor.

I travel daily from Delhi to Noida.

Conjunction

Examples: whereas, as well as, so, 

Sentence: The new software is fairly simple whereas the old one was a bit complicated.

The finance company is not performing well as well as some of its competitors.

He was ready so he may come. 

Interjection

Examples: oops! whoa! phew! 

Sentence: Oops! I forgot to mention her name.

Whoa! you drive fast. 

Phew! That was close call, we had a narrow escape.

Parts of Speech Quiz

Choose the correct Parts of Speech of the BOLD word from the following questions.

1. Let us play, Shall We?

       a. Conjunction

       b. Pronoun

       c. Verb

2.  It is a good practice to arrange books on shelves.

      a. Verb

      b. Noun

      c. Adjective

3. Whose books are these?

      a. Pronoun

     b. Preposition

     c. verb

4.  Father, please get me that toy. 

     a. Pronoun

     b. Adverb

     c. Adjective

5.  His mentality is rather obnoxious.

     a. Adverb

     b. Adjective

     c. Noun

6.  He is the guy whose money got stolen.

      a. Pronoun

      b. Conjunction

      c. Adjective

7. I will have finished my semester by the end of this year.

      a. Interjection

      b. Conjunction

      c. Preposition

8. Bingo! That’s the one I have been looking for

    a. Interjection

     b. Conjunction

     c. Preposition

Quiz Answers

1. c,  2. b,  3. a,  4. c,  5. a,  6. b,  7. c,  8. a

FAQs on Parts of Speech

Q1. What are Parts of Speech?

Ans. A word is assigned to a category as per its function, and those categories are together known as Parts of Speech.

Q2. What are the 8 Parts of Speech?

Ans. Noun, Pronoun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection.

Q3. How many Parts of Speech are there?

Ans. There are a total of 8 parts of Speech.

Q4. What Part of Speech is “our”?

Ans. Adjective. Eg. Our car.

Q5. What Part of Speech is “Quickly”?

Ans. Adverb. let us understand it with this example – Milk sours quickly in warm weather.

Библиографическое описание:

Анварова, С. М. The essence of speech activity as a type of activity / С. М. Анварова. — Текст : непосредственный // Молодой ученый. — 2020. — № 24 (314). — С. 449-450. — URL: https://moluch.ru/archive/314/71655/ (дата обращения: 14.04.2023).



Each speech utterance, each act of generating or perceiving speech is multilaterally conditioned. On the one hand, there are a number of factors that influence what content will be expressed in a statement (when speaking of content, we have in mind not only the semantics, but also such features of a statement as its modality, etc.). These are factors, primarily psychological ones. On the other hand, there are many factors that determine how certain content will be realized in speech (this includes, in addition to psychological, linguistic, stylistic, sociological, etc. factors). The nature of all these factors and the way they determine the generation of a speech utterance can be described using various theories or models.

Speech activity should be understood as the activity (behavior) of a person, to one extent or another, mediated by the signs of the language. More narrowly, speech activity should be understood as an activity in which a linguistic sign acts as a “stimulus-means,” that is, an activity in which we form a speech utterance and use it to achieve some predetermined goal. [2]

Speech has developed historically in the process of the material transforming activities of people is a form of communication mediated by language. Speech includes the processes of generating and perceiving messages for communication purposes or (in a particular case) for the purposes of regulation and control of one’s own activities (Internal speech, egocentric speech). Of particular interest to psychology is, first of all, the place of speech in the system of higher mental functions of a person — in its relationship with thinking, consciousness, memory, emotions, etc.; especially those features that reflect the structure of personality and activity. Most Soviet psychologists consider speech as speech activity, acting either in the form of an integral act of activity (if it has a specific motivation that is not realized by other types of activity), or in the form of speech actions included in non-speech activity. The structure of speech activity or speech action in principle coincides with the structure of any action, that is, it includes the phases of orientation, planning (in the form of «internal programming”), implementation and control. Speech can be active, constructed each time anew, and reactive, representing a chain of dynamic speech stereotypes.

Activity is defined here as “a complex set of processes united by a common focus on achieving a specific result, which is at the same time the objective motivator of this activity, that is, what the particular need of the subject is specified in.” From this definition, the purposeful nature of the activity is clear: it implies a certain predetermined goal (which, if the act of activity is successful, is its result) and the motive that determines the setting and achievement of this goal. On the relationship of motive and goal, we still must stop in the future, when it comes to the concept of meaning.

The second distinguishing feature of activity is its structural nature, a certain internal organization. It affects, first, the fact that the act of activity consists of separate actions (“relatively independent processes subordinate to the conscious goal”). The same actions can be included in different activities and vice versa — the same result can be achieved through different actions. This affects, among other things, the “metric” nature of human activity, which makes it possible to use various methods for achieving it with a fixed goal and, in the course of fulfilling the plan, to change these methods in accordance with the changed situation. [1]

Speech activity is one of the most difficult types of activity in all its parameters. Firstly, by its organization. To begin with, speech activity extremely rarely acts as an independent, complete act of activity: usually it is included as an integral part in activities of a higher order. For example, a typical speech utterance is a utterance that somehow regulates the behavior of another person. But this means that the activity can be considered completed only if such regulation is successful. For example, I ask a table neighbor to hand me a piece of bread. The act of activity, if we take it as a whole, is not completed: the goal will be achieved only if the neighbor really gives me bread. Thus, speaking further about speech activity, we are not quite accurate: it will be of interest to us and we will not consider in the future the entire act of speech activity, but only the totality of speech actions that have their own intermediate goal, subordinate to the goal of activity as such. Speech activity is studied by various sciences. Speech activity is an object studied by linguistics and other sciences: language is a specific subject of linguistics that actually exists as an integral part of an object (speech activity) and modeled by linguists as a special system for one or another theoretical or practical purpose.

In psychology, it is customary to distinguish between two main forms of speech: external and internal. The concept of types of speech activity came into the methodology of teaching the mother tongue from the methodology of teaching a foreign language. It belongs to the famous linguist and teacher, academician Lev Vladimirovich Shcherba.

This is a concept, both methodological and psychological. Indeed, learning to read, write and write, spoken language is, in essence, the formation of specific speech skills and the speech or communicative-speech skills based on them (this refers to the use of skills to solve various specific, primarily communicative, tasks).

The concept of types of speech activity in the methodology of the native language allows us to imagine the psychological laws of the relevant skills’ formation more clearly. It is logical to expect that teaching methods, types of exercises, etc. must be correlated with the structure and formation of the corresponding psychological mechanisms, always complex and multi-level.

In practice, the need to ensure the formation of individual psychological operations and their complexes cannot but reckon with the fact of the interaction of different types of speech activity, their mutual intertwining, especially when solving complex communicative problems. Thus, underestimation of the work on the formation of phonemic hearing generates many errors in writing.

Speech has two main forms:

Internal speech is speech without sound design and proceeding using language meanings, but outside of a communicative function, internal speaking. It can be characterized by predicativity, expressed in the absence in it of words representing the subject, and the presence of only words related to the predicate.

External speech — a system of sound signals used by a person, written signs and symbols for transmitting information, the process of materialization of thought. It may be inherent in jargon and intonation. External speech includes oral (dialogic, monological) and written speech.

The main types of speech activity include:

– speaking (oral expression of thought),

– listening (listening and understanding speech)

– writing (graphic, written expression of thought) and

– reading (i.e. perception and understanding of someone else’s recorded speech); distinguish reading aloud and quiet reading — reading to oneself.

These types of speech activity underlie the process of speech communication. The effectiveness and success of verbal communication depends on how much a person has the skills of these types of speech activities.

In the work, the question of the essence of speech activity is considered in detail, as one of the main types of activity. The types, forms of speech, and its structural organization are also highlighted in detail. Thus, speech activity is a complex process that can be represented as active speech — expressive, and how speech is perceived — impressive. In addition, speech can be, both external and internal, presented in the form of writing, speaking, listening, and reading.

References:

1. Goikhman O. Y., Nadeina T. M. The basics of speech communication. Textbook. — M., 1997.
2. Solovyova N. N. The development of thinking and mental development of a preschooler / Textbook on the culture of speech and speech communication. -M., 1996.