What is an adjective?
An adjective is a word that describes something (a noun).
An adjective gives us more information about a person or thing.
Correct order of adjectives
Adjectives sometimes appear after the verb To Be (CARD – LINK TO VIDEO)
The order is To Be + Adjective.
- He is tall.
- She is happy.
Adjectives sometimes appear before a noun.
The order is Adjective + Noun.
- Slow car
- Brown hat
BUT… Sometimes you want to use more than one adjective to describe something (or someone).
What happens if a hat is both brown AND old?
Do we say… an old brown hat OR a brown old hat?
An old brown hat is correct because a certain order for adjectives is expected.
A brown old hat sounds incorrect or not natural.
So what is the correct order of adjectives before a noun?
The order of adjectives before a noun is usually the following:
Opinion – Size – Age – Shape – Color – Origin – Material – Purpose
If we take the first letter of each one, it creates OSASCOMP which is an easy way to remember the order.
Let’s look at an example about describing a bag.
- It is an ugly small old thin red Italian cotton sleeping bag
It is not common to have so many adjectives before a noun, but I do this so you can see the correct order of adjectives.
Ugly is an opinion, small is a size, old refers to age, thin refers to shape, red is a color, Italian refers to its origin, cotton refers to the material the bag is made of, sleeping is the purpose of the bag.
I will go into more details about each of these categories in a moment. First, let’s see two more examples:
- A beautiful long white French silk wedding dress.
- Large ancient Greek clay flower vases.
Let’s study the first one.
Here we have a dress. Dress is a noun, the name of a thing. Let’s describe this dress.
What type of dress is it? What is the purpose of this dress?
It is used for weddings so it is…
- a wedding dress.
Let’s image the dress is made of silk. It isn’t made of plastic or gold, it is made of silk.
Silk is a material so it goes before the purpose. We say it is:
- a silk wedding dress.
Now, this dress was made in France. France is a noun, its adjective is French.
Its origin is French. Its origin, French, goes before the material, Silk. So we say it is:
- a French silk wedding dress.
Let’s add the color of the dress. What color is it? White. Color goes before Origin so we say it is:
- a white French silk wedding dress.
What is the shape of this dress? Is it long or short? It is long. The adjective Long goes under the category of shape because shape also covers weight or length. (We will see more about this in a moment) We now say it is:
- a long white French silk wedding dress.
Let’s add one more adjective. Is the dress beautiful or ugly? Well, you should always say it is beautiful or it will ruin her wedding day.
Beautiful is an opinion and adjectives about opinions go before all the other adjectives. So our final description of the dress is:
- a beautiful long white French silk wedding dress.
Now of course we don’t normally add so many adjectives before a noun. This example is just to show you the order of adjectives.
The order is NOT fixed
IMPORTANT: The order of adjectives before a noun is NOT 100% FIXED.
This chart is only a guide and is the order that is preferred.
You may see or hear slight variations of the order of adjectives in real life though what appears in the chart is the order that is expected the most.
Now, let’s look at each type of adjective in more detail (with examples)…
Types of Adjectives
OPINION
Opinion: These adjectives explain what we think about something. This is our opinion, attitude or observations that we make. Some people may not agree with you because their opinion may be different. These adjectives almost always come before all other adjectives.
Some examples of adjectives referring to opinion are:
- delicious, lovely, nice, cool, pretty, comfortable, difficult
For example: She is sitting in a comfortable green armchair.
Comfortable is my opinion or observation, the armchair looks comfortable. The armchair is also green.
Here we have two adjectives. The order is comfortable green armchair because Opinion (comfortable) is before Color (green).
SIZE
Size: Adjectives about size tell us how big or small something is.
Some examples of adjectives referring to size are:
- big, small, tall, huge, tiny, large, enormous
For example: a big fat red monster.
Notice how big is first because it refers to size and fat is next because it refers to shape or weight. Then finally we have the color red before the noun.
AGE
Age: Adjectives of age tell us how old someone or something is. How old is it?
Some examples of adjectives referring to age are:
- old, young, new, antique, ancient
For example: a scary old house
Scary is my opinion, old refers to the age of the house. Scary is before old because opinion is before age.
SHAPE
Shape: Also weight and length. These adjectives tell us about the shape of something or how long or short it is. It can also refer to the weight of someone or something.
Some examples of adjectives referring to shape are:
- round, square, long, fat, heavy, oval, skinny, straight
For example: a small round table.
What is the shape of the table? It is round.
What is the size of the table? It is small.
The order is small round table because size is before shape.
COLOR
Color: The color or approximate color of something.
Some examples of adjectives referring to color are:
- green, blue, reddish, purple, pink, orange, red, black, white
(adding ISH at the end makes the color an approximate color, in this case reddish is “approximately red”)
Our example: a long yellow dress.
What is the color of the dress? It is yellow.
The dress is also long. Long which is an adjective of shape or more precisely length, is before an adjective of color.
ORIGIN
Origin: Tells us where something is from or was created.
Some examples of adjectives referring to origin are:
- American, British, Indian, Turkish, Chilean, Australian, Brazilian
Remember, nationalities and places of origin start with a capital letter.
For example: an ancient Egyptian boy.
His origin is Egyptian. Egyptian needs to be with a capital E which is the big E.
Ancient refers to age so it goes before the adjective of origin.
MATERIAL
Material: What is the thing made of or what is it constructed of?
Some examples of adjectives referring to material are:
- gold, wooden, plastic, synthetic, silk, paper, cotton, silver
For example: a beautiful pearl necklace
Pearl is a material. They generally come from oysters.
The necklace is made of what material? It is made of pearls.
The necklace is also beautiful so I put this adjective of opinion before the adjective referring to material.
PURPOSE
Purpose: What is it used for? What is the purpose or use of this thing? Many of these adjectives end in
–ING but not always.
Some examples of adjectives referring to purpose are:
- gardening (as in gardening gloves), shopping (as in shopping bag), riding (as in riding boots)
Our example: a messy computer desk
What is the purpose of the desk? It is a place for my computer, it is designed specifically to use with a computer. It is a computer desk. In this case, the desk is also very messy. Messy is an opinion. Some people think my desk is messy. So, the order is opinion before purpose.
So this is the general order of adjectives in English and you can remember them by the mnemonic OSASCOMP.
BUT did you know that we could add some extra categories?
BONUS ADJECTIVE GROUPS
We can add the adjective categories of Number and Condition.
NUMBER
Number: Tells us the amount or quantity of something.
It is not only for normal cardinal numbers like, one, two, three… but also other words that refer to quantity such as many or several.
Our examples of adjectives referring to numbers are:
- One, two, three, many, several
For example: three hungry dogs
Number adjectives go before all the other adjectives, including adjectives about opinion.
Hungry is a condition or state so the order is Three hungry dogs.
CONDITION
Condition: Tells us the general condition or state of something
Our examples of adjectives referring to condition or state are:
- Clean, wet, rich, hungry, broken, cold, hot, dirty
For example: Two smelly old shoes.
Smelly is a condition or state. Smelly is before old which refers to age. The number two is at the beginning as numbers always are.
Adjectives – Word Order – Summary Chart
Adjectives Word Order – Practice Quiz
Имя прилагательное – одна из наиболее часто употребляемых частей речи, описывающая свойства объекта. Часто для более яркого описания перед существительным ставят несколько прилагательных. В русском языке их порядок не регламентирован (допустимо и “белая полосатая ткань”, “полосатая белая ткань”) и определяется только благозвучием. Однако строгий порядок употребления прилагательных существует в английском языке, и о нем и пойдет речь в этой статье.
Order of adjectives: группы
Помимо отдельных типов, английские прилагательные делятся на две большие группы.
Первыми перед существительным идут opinion adjectives, или субъективные прилагательные мнения.
В эту группу входит только один одноименный тип прилагательных, однако она не уступает другой по количеству и разнообразию входящих в нее слов. Все прилагательные мнения представляют собой личную оценку свойств предмета или человека: beautiful, handsome, smart.
Следующая группа включает в себя девять типов прилагательных и называется fact adjectives, или объективные прилагательные. Они всегда стоят ближе к существительному и имеют внутреннюю последовательность. Некоторые примеры: big, red, leather, new, oval, plastic, cleaning.
[qsm quiz=59]
Место прилагательных в предложении
Как уже упоминалось выше, порядок прилагательных в английском языке строго установлен литературной нормой. Однако прежде чем рассматривать его, стоит поговорить о том, где они обычно находятся в предложении по отношению к другим словам.
По умолчанию стоит принять что прилагательные описывают существительное (или другую часть речи, которая имеет сходную роль в предложении) и чаще всего стоит перед ним. Если их используется несколько, то они все стоят в одном месте друг за другом. В таком случае их принято разделять запятыми, но только тогда, когда их больше двух – пару таких слов можно поставить подряд без разделительных знаков.
– I’ve bought a new black bag. – Я купила новую черную сумку.
– I’ve bought a new, black, leather bag. – Я купила новую кожаную сумку.
Иногда существительное в предложении отсутствует – например если объект, о котором идет речь, уже был упомянут в предыдущем предложении. В такой ситуации ряд прилагательных может сместиться в конец. Тогда они станут обычными однородными членами, и между последними двумя из них можно будет поставить союз ‘and’. Стоит обратить внимание, что артикли a, an и the ставятся перед рядом прилагательных:
– I found a dirty old t-shirt in my closet. Now I’m going to wash it and make it look nice, clean and bright. – Я нашла старую грязную футболку в шкафу. Теперь я ее постираю, и она будет красивой, чистой и яркой.
В среднем предложении на английском, в котором присутствует подробное описание чего-либо, используется примерно 2-3 прилагательных. Впрочем, верхней границы их количества на одно предложение нет. Иногда можно использовать даже несколько прилагательных одного типа – в таком случае они могут идти в любом порядке относительно друг друга, но должны оставаться в рамках обычной групповой последовательности:
– He was wearing a fashionable, plaid, blue shirt. – На нем была модная, клетчатая, синяя рубашка.
Место прилагательного с другими словами
Рассмотрим еще несколько моментов, где должно стоять прилагательное.
Перед существительными (attributive position – атрибутивная позиция)
– There is a small cat in the park. – В парке маленькая кошка.
После глагола-связки (link-verb) (predicative position – предикативная позиция)
Самые распространенные глаголы:
- Taste – пробовать
- Smell – пахнуть чем –либо
- Seem – казаться
- Look – выглядеть
- Get – забирать, доставать, получать
- Feel – чувствовать
- Become – становится
- Be – быть
- Appear – казаться, появляться
– The oak is old. – Дуб старый.
– I’m feeling hot. – Мне жарко.
– The flower smells nice. – Цветок приятно пахнет.
Определенные прилагательные употребляются только перед существительными:
- Main – главный, основной
- Live – живой
- Eldest – самый старший
- Elder – старший
– My elder brother is a driver. – Мой старший брат водитель.
– There is a live fish in the aquarium. – В аквариуме живая рыба.
– He crossed the main road. – Он пересек главную дорогу.
Эти прилагательные не употребляются после глагола-связки.
My brother is elder – incorrect/ неверно.
Прилагательные afraid, glad, asleep, awake, alive, alone, ashamed etc.
За ними никогда не следует существительное:
– The baby is asleep – ребенок спит.
– I feel ashamed – мне стыдно.
– He is awake – он бодрствует.
– An asleep baby – incorrect/ неверно.
Но если мы хотим поставить существительное, то можно поменять прилагательное.
Например:
– The sleeping baby – спящий ребенок
Прилагательные всегда употребляются после
Somebody, nobody, everybody, anything, everything etc.
– Did they do anything interesting yesterday? – Они делали что-нибудь интересное вчера?
– I must go somewhere quiet – Я должен пойти куда-нибудь в тихое место.
Порядок прилагательных в английском языке
Всего прилагательные в английском можно разделить на 10 типов, каждый из которых должен стоять в предложении на определенном месте относительно остальных.
Порядок прилагательных в английском языке: таблица
В приведенной ниже таблице будет представлен необходимый порядок прилагательных в английском языке при описании предмета.
Порядковый номер в предложении | Название группы |
1. | Opinion adjectives – прилагательные, выражающие личное мнение говорящего об объекте. |
2. | Size adjectives – прилагательные, описывающие размер объекта. |
3. | Physical quality adjectives – общая категория прилагательных, относящихся к физическому состоянию объекта. |
4. | Shape adjectives – прилагательные формы объекта. |
5. | Age adjectives – прилагательные, обозначающие возраст. |
6. | Colour adjectives – прилагательные, описывающие цвет. |
7. | Origin adjectives – прилагательные, рассказывающие о месте рождения, создания или происхождения объекта. |
8. | Material adjectives – прилагательные, обозначающие материал, из которого сделан объект. |
9. | Type adjectives – прилагательные (часто сложные), описывающие тип объекта в конкретном контексте. |
10. | Purpose adjectives – прилагательные, обозначающие техническое назначение объекта. |
Примеры построения предложения с несколькими типами прилагательных:
– She was a serious(1), tall(2), middle-aged(5) teacher. – Она была серьезной, высокой учительницей средних лет.
– They were wearing outrageous(2), torn(3), bright(3) clothes. – Они были одеты в возмутительную, рваную, яркую одежду.
– There was a strange(1), 2-meter-high(2), heavy(3), rectangular(4), grey(6) block of an unknown material that drew my attention to itself. – Был странный, тяжелый прямоугольный серый блок высотой 2 метра из неизвестного материала, который привлек мое внимание к себе.
Примечание:
Вариация возможна, когда мы фокусируемся на конкретном объекте, например:
– A round black shape. – Круглая черная форма.
В этом примере порядок обычный. Сначала идет форма, затем цвет + существительное.
В этом предложении: Black round shape порядок меняется и это не значит, что это неправильно, просто здесь акцентируем цвет.
Если в предложении имеется два прилагательных, которые описывают характер человека, то между ними ставится запятая или союз and:
– We had a clever, imaginative teacher. – У нас была умная, изобретательная учительница.
Когда используются два или более прилагательных, которые описывают цвет перед существительным, ставится союз and между ними:
– We own a black and red car. – У нас есть черно-красная машина.
Объяснение каждого типа отдельно
Разберем каждую группу отдельно в порядке их следования друг за другом. В каждом блоке будет приведена таблица с примерами слов, которые можно использовать.
Opinion adjectives
Это самый разнообразный тип прилагательных, который используется для выражения личного мнения, говорящего об объекте. Его часто путают с объективными характеристиками предмета, но есть несколько способов отличить прилагательное мнения: например, черты характера человека будут относиться к этому типу. В последовательности они всегда идут первыми.
Пример | Перевод |
amazing | удивительный |
bad | плохой |
beautiful | красивый; прекрасный |
boring | скучный |
curious-looking | любопытный; любопытно выглядящий |
dark | мрачный |
difficult | сложный |
fascinating | восхитительный |
good | хороший |
handsome | красивый |
interesting | интересный |
macabre | мрачный |
nice | милый; хороший |
outrageous | возмутительный; вызывающий |
serious | серьезный |
smart | умный; официальный |
special | особенный |
strange | странный |
stupid | глупый |
tasty | вкусный |
unusual | необычный |
useful | полезный |
useless | бесполезный |
qute | милый |
wonderful | удивительный |
Size adjectives
Одна из самых простых для понимания групп, описывающая фактический размер предмета. По отношению к людям употребляется для описания роста.
Пример | Перевод |
big | большой |
enormous | огромный |
gigantic | гигантский |
great | большой; крупный |
high | высокий (о предмете) |
huge | огромный |
little | маленький |
long | длинный |
minute | маленький; миниатюрный |
n-meter-long | n-метровый (о длине) |
n-meter-tall | n-метровый (о высоте) |
n-sized | размером с n (можно использовать для описания размера одного предмета через размер другого) |
short | короткий |
small | маленький |
tall | высокий (о человеке) |
wide | широкий |
Physical quality adjectives
Это достаточно общая категория слов, в которую входят указания на черты внешности и телосложения человека (без оценки) и физические свойства предметов, которые не входят в другие группы.
Пример | Перевод |
clean | чистый |
cold | холодный |
diverse | разный; разнообразный |
hard | твердый |
heavy | тяжелый (о весе) |
hot | горячий |
light | легкий (о весе) |
n-haired | n-волосый (о цвете волос у человека) |
rough | грубый (о материале); шероховатый (о материале или поверхности) |
sharp | острый |
smooth | гладкий (о материале или поверхности) |
soft | мягкий (о материале или поверхности) |
thin | худой; тонкий |
uneven | неровный |
untidy | грязный; неопрятный |
warm | теплый (о предмете или поверхности) |
Shape adjectives
Это очевидная группа, прилагательные которой обозначают форму предмета. К людям практически не применяется.
Пример | Перевод |
asymmetrical | асимметричный |
circular | круглый; круговой |
conical | конический; конусообразный |
cubic | кубический |
diamond-shaped | ромбовидный; в форме бриллианта |
flat | плоский |
n-cut | n ограненный (указание на форму огранки) |
n-shaped | n-образный; n формы (можно использовать для описания формы одного предмета через форму другого) |
oval | овальный |
polygonal | многоугольный |
pyramidal | пирамидальный; пирамидообразный |
rectangular | прямоугольный |
round | круглый |
spherical | сферический |
square | квадратный |
trapezoidal | трапециобразный |
triangular | треугольный |
truncated | усеченный |
uneven | неровный (о форме) |
volume | объемный |
Age adjectives
Прилагательные этой группы часто бывают сложными и пишутся через один или несколько дефисов. В отношении человека они описывают возраст (как точный в годах, так и обобщенный период жизни), а в отношении неживых предметов – время с момента создания/появления.
Пример | Перевод |
adult | взрослый |
ancient | древний |
elderly | престарелый |
modern | современный |
n-aged (e.g school-aged, middle-aged) | возраста n (школьного возраста, среднего возраста) |
n-days-old | n-дневный |
new | новый |
newborn | новорожденный |
n-months-old | n-месячный |
n-weeks-old | n-недельный |
n-years-old | n-годовалый; n-летний |
old | старый |
teenage | подростковый; тинейджерский |
underage | несовершеннолетний |
young | молодой |
Colour adjectives
Это одна из самых разнообразных групп прилагательных, описывающая цвет предмета, оттенок и рисунок на нем. Все из нижеперечисленных слов можно использовать в сочетании друг с другом, записав их через дефис.
Пример | Перевод |
black | черный |
blue | синий |
bright | яркий |
brown | коричневый |
colourful | цветной; разноцветный |
cyan | циан; ярко-голубой |
dark | темный |
deep | глубокий (о цвете); насыщенный |
dirty | грязный (о цвете) |
gray | серый |
green | зеленый |
light | светлый |
magenta | маджента; ярко-розовый; малиновый |
n-ish | n-оватый |
orange | оранжевый |
pale | бледный |
patterned | с рисунком |
pink | розовый |
plaid | в клетку |
plain | простой (без рисунка, узора) |
purple | фиолетовый |
red | красный |
striped | полосатый; в полоску |
vibrant | яркий |
white | белый |
yellow | желтый |
Origin adjectives
В этой группе большая часть прилагательных образована от топонимов и географических названий. Будучи примененными к человеку, они указывают на место его рождения и/или национальность.
Пример | Перевод |
extraterrestrial | внеземной |
foreign | иностранный |
n-an | Суффиксы, которые используются при образовании названия национальности/места происхождения
(e.g English, riverian, Martian) |
n-ean | |
n-er | |
n-ese | |
n-i | |
n-ian | |
n-ic | |
n-ish |
Material adjectives
Прилагательные этой группы описывают материал, из которого сделан описываемый предмет. По отношению к людям используется крайне редко, преимущественно в переносном смысле.
Пример | Перевод |
alumin(i)um | алюминиевый |
brick | кирпичный |
carbon | угольный |
cardboard | картонный |
cotton | хлопковый |
diamond | бриллиантовый; алмазный (о материале) |
glassy | стеклянный |
golden | золотой (о материале) |
iron | железный |
leather | кожаный |
linen | льняной |
metal | металлический |
paper | бумажный |
plastic | пластиковый |
silk | шелковый |
wooden | деревянный |
Type adjectives
Прилагательные, описывающие тип объекта в конкретном контексте, уточняющие какую-то деталь в общем виде предмета. Преимущественно сложные. Большинство таких сложных слов строятся на сравнении одного предмета с другим по какой-либо характеристике.
Пример | Перевод |
n-various | разнообразный как n; имеющий столько же вариаций, сколько и n |
n-like | похожий на n |
n-looking | похожий на n; выглядящий как n |
n-loud | громкий как n |
n-purpose | предназначенный для n |
n-shiny | блестящий как n; сияющий как n |
n-sided | n-сторонний; имеющий n сторон/граней |
n-smelling | пахнущий как n |
n-used | используемый n; используемый для n |
Purpose adjectives
В последнюю группу входят слова, описывающие цель, для выполнения которой был создан предмет. Чаще всего они образованы от глаголов с окончанием -ing путем перехода из одной части речи в другую.
Пример | Перевод |
building | для строительства |
cleaning | для чистки; для уборки |
cooking | для готовки |
gardening | для садоводства; для ухода за садом |
gluing | для склейки |
improving | для улучшения |
keeping | для хранения |
playing | для игры |
practicing | для практики |
reading | для чтения |
sewing | для шитья |
translating | для перевода |
washing | для мытья |
watching | для просмотра |
working | для работы |
Приведенные выше таблицы помогут вам соблюдать правильный порядок слов в предложении при письме и разговоре на английском языке.
Важно помнить, что из любых правил есть исключения. Многие прилагательные входят в более чем одну из перечисленных выше групп.
Чтобы не запутаться, важно всегда обращать внимание на контекст предложения и понимать, в каком из своих значений употреблено такое слово.
Впрочем, группы прилагательных имеют достаточно размытые границы, и положение некоторых слов может вызывать споры даже среди носителей языка.
Онлайн-тест
[qsm quiz=54]
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To describe a noun in English grammar, we use an adjective; the simplest use of adjectives is in the adjective phrase when a sentence begins with an adjective to give context, clarity, or give description. But what do you do when you have multiple adjectives for one noun?
Well, you can’t just randomly write them in a sentence. There’s a special order for them, depending on their category.
There are 9 general categories of adjectives based on the characteristics they describe, and each of them has a different form of inflection. Not everyone agrees on the exact class of adjectives, but most English speakers follow specific grammar rules when ordering adjectives.
It’s common to have one or two adjectives before a noun. And sometimes we even use three. Using more than that is rare, but if you do want to string that many together, follow this order!
Using the correct order of adjectives in English is something that native speakers do automatically, but it can be really tricky when learning English as non-native speakers. But don’t worry – as you practice, it will start to get easier.
Order of Adjectives Examples
When following English grammar rules, this is generally how the position of adjectives is formed in sentences. If you want to use a few adjectives in a sentence, use them in the following order!
1. Determiner (quantity)
- a
- an
- the
- some
- many
Examples
- The strange house
- The beautiful presents
- A silly storybook
2. opinion
- unusual
- strange
- beautiful
- silly
Examples
- Silly sausage!
- Beautiful house
- Strange dreams
3. Size
- big
- large
- small
- minuscule
- tall
Examples
- Large soda
- Minuscule home
- A tall boy
4. Physical quality/shape
- rough
- round
- circular
- messy
- symmetrical
- gigantic
Examples
- Rough paper
- Symmetrical circle
- Gigantic bag of candy
5. Age
- young
- ancient
- old
- youthful
- modern
Examples
- Ancient artifacts
- Young children
- Old people
6. Color
- turquoise
- dark blue
- bright
- pink
- purple
Examples
- Turquoise bag
- Dark blue sky
- Big, bright sun
7. Proper adjectives
- American
- Chinese
- French
- Italian
- Irish
Examples
- American cheese
- Chinese dragon
- Italian pasta
8. Material/origin
- plastic
- wood
- gold
- silver
Examples
- Plastic spoon
- Wooden box
- Silver necklace
9. Type/purpose/qualifier
- reading
- ping pong
- folding
- rolling
- cooking
Examples
- Cooking pan
- Ping pong bat
- Folding chair
Category Of Adjectives With Examples
There are many examples of adjectives, all with different forms and categories. Luckily each one has a simple rule to follow!
Determiner
The first word in a string of cumulative adjectives may be a determiner, and this is a word used with a noun that helps to identify it. While determiners from adjectives aren’t necessarily adjectives, it’s often part of the category of adjectives.
Determiners can be words like articles, cardinal or ordinal numbers, demonstratives, or possessive adjectives, and they are nonsubjective adjectives.
Here are some examples of possible determiners:
- Articles: a, an, the
- Cardinal numbers: one, ten, twenty
- Ordinal numbers: first, tenth, twentieth
- Demonstratives: this, that, these, those
- Possessive adjectives: my, your (singular or plural), his, her, its, our, their
Quantity
Quantity sometimes overlaps with the “determiner” category. Adjectives of quantity are words that describe how many things you’re talking about and are often used when collocating adjectives.
- Four, one hundred, a million
- Few, many
- Some, most
Opinion
As the name suggests, opinions are descriptive adjectives that we use to say what we think of the noun. They are not nonsubjective adjectives, as they are distorted by personal opinion. Some people distinguish between adjectives like this when stating general and specific opinions.
General opinions can be noun modifiers. For example, you can use the word good to describe many different things.
- A good book
- A good parent
- A good meal
But with some attribute adjectives, you can only use them for certain categories of nouns. For instance, you can say “a delicious meal,” but you can’t say “a delicious book.” As well you can say “a friendly person” or “a friendly cat,” but you can’t say “a friendly book.”
In adjective order, we put general opinions in front of specific ones.
- What a lovely, friendly teacher!
- Alberto has a big, yummy bowl of soup for lunch.
Size
Next up in our category of adjectives list, we have adjectives that attribute adjectives to indicate the size of something. Here are some examples. You can use the adjectives in their comparative form.
- Big, large, great, grand
- Small, tiny, little, minuscule
- Tall, short
Physical Quality/Shape
Then, you describe what something looks like.
There are a few disagreements on how to divide and make the distinction between adjectives in this category. Some people treat attributive adjectives to describe physical quality and shape in the same category. Others don’t.
According to the Cambridge Dictionary of English, there is a difference between physical quality and shape, and physical quality goes first.
However, some people don’t bother to make two separate categories because there is some overlap. And others put the shape category farther down the list, between age and color.
If you want to follow the Cambridge standard, here are some examples of physical quality:
- Rough, bumpy
- Smooth, soft
- Thin, thick
- Messy, neat
And here are some examples of shapes:
- Round, oval, square
- Triangular, circular
- Moon-shaped, heart-shaped
- Geometric, curvy, flat
- Narrow, wide
Age
This is where you describe how old (or young) something is, and you’ll often see these words when collocating adjectives.
- Old, mature, aged, ancient
- Young, youthful
- New, modern, contemporary
- Centuries-old, hours-old
Color
Next comes any color in the rainbow!
- Red, yellow, orange
- Grayish, bluish
- Peach, lemon-colored
Order of Adjectives Flashcards
Flip the flashcards for more examples.
Proper Adjectives
In this category, we have proper adjectives like nationalities, cultures, or religions. Remember that these should always be capitalized and don’t have superlative forms.
Here are some examples:
- Somali, Vietnamese, Chilean, Canadian, American, and Roman
- Inuit, Mayan, Sumerian
- Hindu, Jewish, Taoist, Evangelical
Material/Origin
Hopefully, these material adjectives help you order and coordinate adjectives. These examples describe what something is made of or where it comes from.
- Linen, cotton, wool, silk
- Oak, pine, mahogany
- Polyester, acrylic, plastic
- Metal, iron, steel
Type/Purpose/Qualifier
When it comes to these categories, there is some difference of opinion on what to call them. Not everyone separates this class of adjectives or uses them at all.
But the important thing to understand is that these adjectives explain the occurrences of adjectives and what they are used for.
For example:
- race car
- all-purpose flour
- cleaning rag
- golf club
- sleeping bag
- bowling shoes
- riding boots
Punctuating Cumulative Adjectives
Now that you know what order the adjectives should come in, how do you correctly write them in prepositional phrases and sentences?
Two Adjectives
Coordinative adjectives are when two or more adjectives work side by side to modify the same noun. If you only have two adjectives in front of a noun, sometimes you use a comma, and sometimes you don’t.
If the adjectives come from two different forms of adjectives, skip the comma.
- That was a large tasty cake!
- Have you seen her big fluffy cat?
- He’s wearing a shiny silver ring.
If they come from the same forms of adjectives, use a comma or and.
- Cody is such an irritating, annoying little brother.
- Look at that old, mature tree!
- That sculpture is bent and twisted.
- A red and white flag is the symbol of Japan.
However, keep in mind that you never put a comma between a determiner and an adjective in noun phrases.
More Than Two Adjectives
If you want to string lots of adjectives together, place commas between them. But never put a comma between the final cumulative adjectives and compound nouns.
Here are some examples:
- I love that fancy, old, silver fork.
- My grandmother was a pretty, short, skinny Romanian princess.
- Marie has an amazing, enormous, spotted lizard as a pet.
- Jordan loves to walk in his father’s tiny, round, colorful vegetable garden.
Predicative Adjectives After the Noun
In most of these examples, adjectives come before the noun. However, you can put adjectives afterward, making them predicative adjectives.
When you do this, you may need both commas and the word and.
If only two adjectives exist, just use and, not a comma. Follow this rule even if the adjectives come from the same category. For example:
- My room is comfortable and warm.
- Their toothbrushes are pink and white.
If there are three or more adjectives, use commas between the first words in the list and between the last two.
- Dimitri’s kitchen is hot, stuffy, and smelly.
- Did you know that Camille is smart, beautiful, and funny?
Predicative Adjectives can also be used in the passive form.
- The two cups of coffee were drunk quickly.
Order of Adjectives Quiz
Select the correct order in the following sentences.
Sally has a _______ hat.
Choose the best answer from the choices below
Tommy drove a _______ car.
Choose the best answer from the choices below
The cake that you _______ .
Choose the best answer from the choices below
It is _______.
Choose the best answer from the choices below
Conclusion
While this might seem like a lot of information, don’t be scared! With practice, the simpler adjectives and adjectival meanings will become.
So, keep listening to how others speak and pay attention when prepositional phrases you read. That way, you’ll become familiar with what sounds right.
And in the meantime, check out the other grammar pages on this website. There are lots of interesting things to learn!
Имя прилагательное – одна из основных частей речи. Она описывает те предметы, лица и явления, о которых мы говорим. Хорошо, когда имя существительное сопровождается каким-либо одним прилагательным, например:
- a young girl – молодая девушка;
- a black table – черный стол;
- an interesting book – интересная книга.
А что делать, если прилагательных, относящихся к слову, два, три или больше? Каков будет порядок прилагательных в английском языке, если мы сталкиваемся с такой ситуацией? Ответ на этот вопрос вы найдете в нашей статье.
Какие бывают прилагательные
Безусловно, английский – язык исключений и всевозможных поправок. Но он имеет определенный алгоритм, согласно которому все английские прилагательные занимают свое место перед существительным.
Все прилагательные можно разделить на две большие группы: субъективные (opinion adjectives) и объективные (fact adjectives). Первые отвечают за то, как мы воспринимаем тот или иной предмет (лицо или явление) и какую оценку ему даем. Вторая группа предоставляет реально существующую информацию о чем-либо, то есть то, с чем не поспоришь. Это может быть размер, цвет, возраст и т. д. Сначала мы ставим субъективное прилагательное, а затем объективное:
- an unusual gold ring – необычное (субъективное мнение) золотое (реальная информация) кольцо;
- a nice old lady – приятная (субъективное мнение) пожилая (реальная информация) дама;
- a lovely sunny day – чудесный (субъективное мнение) солнечный (реальная информация) день;
- a delicious hot soup – вкусный (субъективное мнение) горячий (реальная информация) суп;
- an interesting historical movie – интересный (субъективное мнение) исторический (реальная информация) фильм.
Порядок прилагательных в английском предложении
Усложняем ситуацию. До этого мы говорили лишь о двух прилагательных, стоящих перед именем существительным. Теперь разрабатываем план действий в ситуации с тремя и более прилагательными. Порядок объективных прилагательных в английском языке при наличии двух и более слов организован следующим образом:
- Общее качество (general quality), цена (price): new (новый), broken (поломанный), expensive (дорогой), cheap (дешевый).
- Размер (size): big (большой), small (маленький), tall (высокий), short (короткий, невысокий).
- Физические характеристики (physical quality): hard (твердый), fragile (хрупкий) rough (неровный), smooth (гладкий).
- Форма (shape): square (квадратный), round (круглый), triangular (треугольный), almond-shaped (миндалевидный).
- Возраст (age): young (молодой), old (старый), mature (зрелый), middle-aged (средних лет).
- Цвет (colour): red (красный), purple (фиолетовый), olive-green (оливковый), indigo (темно-синий).
- Происхождение (origin): Italian (итальянский), Mexican (мексиканский), European (европейский), Far Eastern (дальневосточный).
- Вещество (substance), материал (material): wooden (деревянный), bronze (бронзовый), tin (оловянный), plastic (пластмассовый).
- Предназначение, цель (purpose): work (рабочий), cleaning (чистящий), cooking (для готовки), sleeping (для сна).
* Пункты 4 и 5 могут меняться местами.
Теперь давайте посмотрим на примерах, как выстраиваются прилагательные в предложении. В примерах у каждого прилагательного есть цифра, совпадающая с его порядковым номером в списке. Цифрой 0 обозначены субъективные прилагательные.
Take a
box, it’s on the table. – Возьми
коробку, она на столе.
The rooms are divided by a
wall. – Комнаты разделены
стеной.
I’ve bought
plates! – Я купила
тарелки!
Так выглядит основной алгоритм, по которому выстраиваются прилагательные в английском предложении. И теперь еще несколько дополнений к нему:
- Прилагательные в сравнительной и превосходной степенях стоят перед всеми остальными.
At the ceremony there were some of the best young French actresses. – На церемонии присутствовало несколько лучших молодых французских актрис.
I’d like to buy a more beautiful ancient vase. – Я бы хотел купить более красивую древнюю вазу.
- Прилагательные ставятся после местоимений something, anybody, nothing.
There was something round and green in the corner. – В углу лежало что-то круглое и зеленое.
Nothing interesting or valuable was found during the expedition. – Ничего интересного или ценного не было найдено во время экспедиции.
- Прилагательные, показывающие меру (deep – глубиной, high – высотой, long – длиной, wide – шириной и т. д.), размещаются после определяемого существительного.
The highway is 10 kilometres long. – Эта трасса 10 километров длиной.
This lake isn’t big, but it is 30 metres deep. – Это озеро небольшое, но глубиной 30 метров.
В заключение посмотрите видео о порядке прилагательных в английском и пройдите тест, чтобы понять, насколько хорошо вы усвоили эту тему. А чтобы ничего не забыть, скачайте табличку-шпаргалку с очередностью прилагательных в предложении.
↓ Скачать таблицу с очередностью прилагательных в английском предложении (*pdf, 187 Кб)
Тест
Порядок прилагательных в английском языке
Расставьте прилагательные в правильном порядке
Задание 1.
In the art-gallery I saw
multicolored
Italian
old
beautiful
picture of a woman sitting on the coach.
Задание 3.
Yesterday Jim bought me a
bag.
Задание 4.
It is the most
charming
old-fashioned
evening
red
dress I have ever seen.
Задание 5.
Look at that nice
tablecloth! I want to buy it!
Задание 6.
Put on your
scarf. It’s cold outside.
Задание 7.
He wants to visit the exhibition of
strange
contemporary
European
art in the local museum.
Задание 8.
You should water the
flowers twice a month.
Задание 9.
I’ll gift her a
modern
self-cleaning
compact
grey
hoover.
Задание 10.
Take off this
pink
huge
velvet
ugly
old-fashioned
hat!
Тест недоступен для мобильных устройств.
Тест недоступен для мобильных устройств.
Если вы нашли ошибку, пожалуйста, выделите фрагмент текста и нажмите Ctrl+Enter.
The order of adjectives in English
- Article or other qualifier (a, the, his)
- Rating, opinion (good, bad, terrible, nice)
- Size (large, little, tiny)
- Age (new, young, old)
- Shape (square, round)
- Color (red, yellow, green)
- Origin (French, lunar, American, eastern, Greek)
Where is the adjective in an English sentence?
The adjective in the function of definition comes before the noun to which it refers, and in the function of the nominal part of the compound predicate — after the verb-link.
What place does an adjective take in a sentence?
The place of an adjective in a sentence is before the noun it describes.
How to make sentences correctly in English?
The direct word order in an English sentence is as follows: the subject is in the first place, the predicate is in the second, and the complement is in the third. In some cases, the circumstance may come first. In an English sentence, an auxiliary verb may appear in the main verb.
What is the easiest way to remember the order of adjectives in an English sentence?
The principle is simple — adjectives related to an object that are easiest to change are put in the first place, adjectives that are more difficult to change, such as the color of an object, its shape — are put in last place, closer to the noun being described.
How many adjectives are commonly used in one sentence to describe a noun in English?
Correct adjective order in English: rules and examples In English it is considered normal to use more than one adjective before a noun. For example, «My parents live in a nice new house» or «In the kitchen there is a beautiful large round wooden table.»
How to make an adjective in English?
Let’s consider some suffixes with which you can form an adjective from a noun.
- The suffix -al. center — center; central — central …
- The suffix -ary. element — element; elementary — elementary …
- Suffix -ful. use — benefit; useful — useful …
- Suffix -ic. …
- Suffix -ive. …
- Suffix -less. …
- Suffix -ous. …
- Suffix -y.
How to put adverbs in English correctly?
Usually adverbs in English are placed after verbs, but before adjectives, other adverbs or participles. For example: I slept well this night.
How are adjectives formed in English?
Complex adjectives in the English language are formed using such a process as word composition — the merging of two lexemes into one compound word with a single lexical meaning. The lexemes involved in such a merge can refer to one part of speech or different ones, and can be written together or with a hyphen.
What place does an adjective usually occupy in relation to a noun?
An adjective can be positioned in a postposition with respect to a noun if the noun being defined is predetermined by the context, that is, it is given. When the noun is given, the adjective of any meaning becomes the rema of the sentence as a whole.
What is Comparative and Superlative?
A comparative degree helps to compare two objects, two subjects, two ideas, two groups. An excellent degree (superlative) helps to single out 1 object / object from the group and show that it is the MOST, for example, the fastest, the most interesting, the most beautiful.
Why is word order in English?
A characteristic feature of sentences in English is a firm word order. Solid word order is of great importance in modern English, because, due to the poorly represented morphological system in the language, the members of the sentence are often distinguished only by their place in the sentence.
What is the word order in an English declarative sentence?
A characteristic and distinctive feature of declarative affirmative sentences in English is the observance of a firm (direct) word order. This means that in the first place in a sentence the subject is usually put, in the second place — the predicate, in the third place — the addition and then the circumstances.
What is the word order in an affirmative sentence?
In an affirmative sentence, the subject is in the first place, the predicate is in the second place, and the secondary members of the sentence are in the third place.
Are you a person who loves to describe things, animals, people and everything around you? If you are, you would definitely know a lot of adjectives, but are you sure if you are using them in the right order? Yes, you heard it right. There is a particular order in which adjectives have to be written when more than one adjective is used to describe the same subject or object. This article on the order of adjectives will teach you how to place adjectives effectively in a sentence. Check out the examples to have a better idea of the same.
Table of Contents
- What Is the Order of Adjectives?
- Order of Adjectives Chart
- Examples of Order of Adjectives
- Frequently Asked Questions on Order of Adjectives in English
What Is the Order of Adjectives?
The English language gives its users the liberty to use multiple adjectives to describe everything they can perceive with their five senses. There is, however, a particular order in which these adjectives should be used in a sentence. Let us look at how it works.
- The first component that should be placed in a sentence according to the order of adjectives is the determiner. Determiners include possessive adjectives, demonstrative adjectives, demonstrative pronouns and articles. For example: my, his, your, her, their, its, this, that, these, those, a, an and the.
- Then comes the quantity of the particular object in the second place. For example: two, ten, a dozen, many, much, a few, several, etc.
- A person’s opinions about a particular noun is placed in the third position in a sentence with multiple adjectives. Just keep in mind that opinions can be general or specific. For example: beautiful, tasty, precious, horrible, pretty, elegant, lovely, etc.
- The size of the noun comes next. For example: huge, tiny, big, small, medium, long, etc.
- The fifth position can be occupied by the age of the noun. For example: new, old, ancient, young, etc.
- The shape of the noun is what takes the sixth position. For example: square, cubical, round, circular, spherical, cylindrical, triangular, etc.
- Colours of nouns take the next position after shapes in a sentence. For example: grey, purple, deep blue, black, etc.
- The origin of the noun comes in the eighth position. For example: Indian, Chinese, Spanish, Dutch, English, Sri Lankan, etc.
- The ninth position is taken up by the material of the noun. For example: silk, cotton, jute, wooden, glass, acrylic, etc.
- In the last position, just before the noun, you can write the purpose or qualifier of the object. For example: sports (uniform), vending (machine), denim (shirt), jute (saree), painting (brush), etc.
The most important point that you should remember when using multiple adjectives is that the order has to be followed even if all types of adjectives are not used.
For example:
I saw a/ cute/ little/ white cat on the way home.
(Determiner / opinion / size / colour)
Have you seen the / ancient / Portuguese synagogue in Cochin?
(Determiner / Age / Origin)
Have a look at the chart below to have a better understanding.
Determiner | Quantity | Opinion | Size | Age | Shape | Colour | Origin | Material | Purpose / Qualifier | Noun |
Your | elegant | red | silk | saree | ||||||
My | new | cylindrical | leather | bag | ||||||
The | two | pretty | young | Indian | girls | |||||
An | interesting | Korean | series | |||||||
My | old | blue | sports | uniform | ||||||
His | huge | wooden | wall | cupboard |
Examples of Order of Adjectives
Here are some examples to help you comprehend the order of adjectives.
- Mazeeka asked all of her bridesmaids to wear soft red silk sarees for her wedding.
- My brother goes to college on his new R15 bike.
- We got a huge wooden wall cupboard made for our friend’s new home.
- Dias chose to stay in an old 1 BHK apartment until he finds a better apartment close to his office.
- My father bought me a tiny little golden retriever puppy for my last birthday.
Frequently Asked Questions on Order of Adjectives in English
Q1
What is meant by the order of adjectives in the English language?
In the English language, the order of adjectives refers to the particular order that has to be followed when using multiple adjectives to describe a subject or object in a sentence.
Q2
What is the order of adjectives in a sentence?
In a sentence, the determiner always comes first. This is followed by the quantity, opinion, size, age, shape, colour, origin, material and purpose/qualifier of the noun being described.
Q3
Give some examples of how to apply the order of adjectives in sentences.
Here are some examples to show you how the order of adjectives can be applied effectively in sentences.
- Mazeeka asked all of her bridesmaids to wear soft red silk sarees for her wedding.
- My brother goes to college on his new R15 bike.
- We got a huge wooden wall cupboard made for our friend’s new home.
- Dias chose to stay in an old 1 BHK apartment until he finds a better apartment close to his office.
- My father bought me a tiny little golden retriever puppy for my last birthday.
Do you have any idea about the order of adjectives? Adjectives help us describe and qualify a noun. But in the English language, they have a specific order according to which you need to use them.
In English, we usually put adjectives in a specific order before nouns with more than one adjective. When the adjectives are ordered differently, it can sound quite strange. You need to keep two things in mind. Generally, a noun should not be preceded by more than three adjectives. Secondly, the order can sometimes be altered, usually to emphasize something. In this post, we are going to talk about the order of adjectives along with definition, examples, chart in the English language.
Order of Adjectives Basics
Playing the guitar has always been my passion. As a matter of fact, I always carry a guitar with me wherever I go. But last week, I went to the countryside with my family for a weekend getaway. The car was packed, and it was difficult to take my guitar along. I must find something else to make it work.
Luckily, I found something online that just might be the perfect solution to my problem. A new folding guitar, also known as the traveling guitar, is now available in the market, and it has quickly become the favorite of many traveling musicians.
- But why can’t I say, a new guitar folding?
- Doesn’t make much sense.
- Isn’t it?
This is exactly why you need to learn the order of adjectives in English grammar.
- So what’s the theory behind this sentence?
Well, “New” and “Folding” are two cumulative adjectives here.
So, they must follow a certain order to make sense.
Basically, when we use two adjectives consecutively, they are called either,
- cumulative adjectives or
- coordinative adjectives.
But what is the difference between cumulative adjectives and coordinative adjectives?
Cumulative adjectives: Well, there are certain adjectives that you need to use in a certain order to make sense; these are called cumulative adjectives.
Coordinative adjectives: On the other hand, you have adjectives that do not necessarily follow any order to make sense; they are called coordinative adjectives.
Order of Adjectives Examples
When I will say,
- “The movie depicted a breaking heart story.”
It will sound bad and will hardly make any sense for a native. Thus, I need to say,
- “…..a heartbreaking story.”
But when you say, “Oh, look at the weather, it hot, dry and humid.” Here, all of them are coordinative adjectives. They do sound nice when written in this order, but you can change the order as well; it will hardly change the sense. So, in this post, we are going to look at the order of cumulative adjectives, and the order they follow is;
- quantity,
- opinion,
- size,
- age,
- color,
- shape,
- origin,
- material, and
- purpose.
Determiner’s Role in Adjective
Although this isn’t an adjective, the Royal Order of Adjectives includes determiners such as articles, possessives, and demonstratives. All determiners must come before adjectives and the nouns they modify. The, your, our, these are examples of determiners.
Why do adjectives need to be in order?
We don’t really know, which might be unsatisfying but it is the only answer. Some theories exist though. A crucial aspect of description is that the closer an adjective sits to its noun, the more vital it is to that noun’s description. It is more specific to refer to a house as a Brick House rather than as an Old House or a Beautiful House.
However, this does not always hold true. For instance, you might compare Small Dog with Black Dog. It’s better to describe Black Dog as specific than to describe Small Dog. Adjective order is one of those quirks of the English language you just have to learn to live with.
Variations in Order of Adjectives
Let’s look at these variations one by one.
Order of Adjectives: Quantity
By the name, I think you can guess that these adjectives refer to the number of things. They can denote the amount or even numbers of something. Let’s look at a few examples of this kind:
- I would like two large glasses of Cold drinks, Please.
Here, “two” has been written before “large” because that’s the order to make sense. “Two” can never come after “large”. Always number first, then the amount.
Another such example can be,
- Give me four nice round watermelons.
Order of Adjectives: Opinion
The adjectives of opinion can express our feelings that we have for something. Some of the most commonly used adjectives of opinion are,
- happy,
- sad,
- clumsy,
- tasty,
- strong,
- beautiful,
- weak,
- ugly, etc.
For example, we can say:
- The building has a strong structure that keeps it standing through ages.
- Let me buy two yummy extra-chocolaty ice-creams for you.
As you can see, the adjective of opinion sits in the middle of two adjectives in the second sentence to make the perfect sense. In the first sentence, however, it is just indicating the structure.
Order of Adjectives: Size
The adjectives of size include the various descriptive words that indicate the size of something. Some of the most frequently used ones are,
- little,
- small,
- big,
- large,
- gigantic,
- enormous, etc.
Lets, see a sentence example,
- Why do you always order two extra-large glasses of chocolate Milk?
In this sentence, the adjective of size is adhering to the order.
Order of Adjectives: Age
The age objectives always refer to the age of someone or something. It uses words like,
- old,
- young,
- middle-aged,
- adolescent, etc.
Usually, the native speakers hardly use three adjectives in a row to describe a noun. But when it comes to using the “Age” adjectives, some prefer to put them before the adjective of opinion. While some, following the traditional method; put the adjective of age after the adjective of opinion. For example,
- The big old mansion stands as a haunted place just outside the town.
Order of Adjectives: Shape
The adjective of shape indicates the shape or appearance of something. Here, we often use words like,
- fat,
- round,
- oval,
- long,
- short,
- thin, etc.
Some examples of this kind can be: ”The old round wall clock has been hanging there for ages”.
Order of Adjectives: Color
Next up, we have color, and we usually use these adjectives to qualify some objects or even animals.
- The small but beautiful red bird flew through my attic and sat near the writing desk.
Order of Adjectives: Origin
When it comes to origin, we usually refer to ethnicity or religious origin. You may often use words like,
- Hindu,
- Muslim,
- Christian, etc.
These are all adjectives of origin. An example for this kind can be:
- In my friend’s place, we found many ancient Hindu scriptures and also some Buddhist texts.
Order of Adjectives: Material
By material, we intend to give more details about the noun we are describing. This is specifically appropriate if you are describing an item. Some of the frequently used words can be,
- metal,
- silk,
- cotton,
- paper, etc.
Some examples can be;
- We have found an old silk scarf from our grandmother’s closet.
- They have a new cotton shirt.
Order of Adjectives: Purpose
Lastly, we have a purpose, which indicates the manner of use or functionality of a certain thing. Here, we have adjectives like,
- cascading,
- folding,
- bending, etc.
A perfect example of this kind can be:
- I have bought a new folding guitar that I can carry along anywhere I want.
In this sentence, as you can see, we have the functionality of the guitar indicated by the adjective “Folding”.
- The cascading river makes a wonderful scene to behold.
Order of Adjectives Chart
Let’s see a chart for the order of adjectives, for reference,
Order of Adjectives | Description | Examples |
1 | Quantity | Two, five, nine, ten, first, second, third, last |
2 | Opinion | happy, sad, clumsy, tasty, strong, beautiful, weak, ugly, |
3 | Size | little, small, big, large, gigantic, enormous, |
4 | Age | old, young, middle-aged, adolescent, |
5 | Shape | fat, round, oval, long, short, thin, |
6 | Color | Blue, red, white |
7 | Origin | Hindu, Muslim, Christian, |
8 | Material | metal, silk, plastic, cotton, paper, |
9 | Purpose | cascading, running, folding, bending, swimming, |
Effects of Adjective’s order due to sentence Position
Nouns are described or modified by adjectives. Take a look at this sentence:
- The auditorium was loud and crowded.
It follows the past tense of the verb “to be” in this sentence: was.
The sentence can easily be rewritten as:
- It was a loud, crowded auditorium.
Neither is incorrect but when your adjective follows your verb, as is the case above, the same comma rules do not apply as they would when they come before your noun. The following should follow the last word of the phrase, clause, or sentence:
- Her cat was small and white; it was a Maltese.
In sentences with three or more adjectives, the placement of the comma will vary depending on the serial comma. You need to separate each adjective before the second-to-last one with a comma if you do not use the serial comma:
- His house is cramped, drafty, and modern.
Each adjective in any sentence should be separated by a comma if the serial comma is used:
- His house is cramped, drafty, and modern.
Why Do You Have to Use Commas with Adjectives?
Commas are needed when there are more than one adjective in a sentence. Although this one is confusing, there is a logic to it. In the following sample, the following adjectives come from the same category and must be separated with commas:
- A luxurious, comfortable limousine took us to our destination.
You don’t separate your adjectives with commas when they belong to different categories:
- Her backyard is a big green garden.
The final adjective must always be followed by the noun it describes.
Additionally, you should not put a comma between the adjective and the determiner of a noun. Determiners communicate how many and which nouns are being described at the beginning of a phrase. Examples include: That bus, Two geese, Your university
Add some adjectives into these phrases and you get:
- That square red car
- Your progressive, rigorous old university
In the event that you’re stuck on whether to utilize a comma or not, here’s a straightforward trap: on the off chance that you’ll be able to include the word and between the descriptive words and turn around the adjectives’ arrange without losing the sentence’s clarity, you don’t require a comma. Your progressive, rigorous, and old university can be written as Your progressive, old, and rigorous university.
Conclusion
So, there you have it, all the details you need to know about the order of adjectives in English grammar. Should you have any further questions, please feel free to mention them in the comments section.
Adjectives: Adjectives Word Order
Adjectives describe or modify a noun or a pronoun.
Adjectives are usually placed before the word that they define.
It’s the final episode of the TV series.
She’s wearing a velvet skirt today.
She opened the door with shaking hands.
There are situations when we need to place two adjectives before a noun:
There was a good-looking young girl waiting for him in the hall.
Down the street stood a grotesque marble statue, placed there to commemorate the victory of the locals in the Civil War.
As I suddenly saw a faint pale figure hiding behind the curtains, I stumbled upon the chair.
Some of these adjectives describe a general opinion. We can use these adjectives with almost any nouns:
good; bad; amazing; wonderful; brilliant; enjoyable; dreadful; awful, terrible; appalling
He’s told us an amazing/ wonderful/ brilliant story.
We were trapped in a dreadful/ awful/ terrible storm.
Some of the adjectives have a specific meaning, characteristic to particular kinds of nouns:
furniture: comfortable, upholstered, soft, shabby, strong, second-hand
food: tasty, delicious, plain, nourishing, rotten, staple
people: disabled, intelligent, common, middle-class, friendly
We place specific adjectives after adjectives with general meaning:
She’s brought home an awful shabby sofa, claiming that it used to belong to a member of the royal family.
They serve nice nourishing soups in the canteen.
I’ve got acquainted with some wonderful middle-class people next door.
In some cases we need to place more than three adjectives in front of one noun in a sentence. In this case the word order will be the following:
general opinion → specific opinion → size and length → shape and width → age → color → nationality → material
Last summer, we spent two weeks in an ancient medieval Italian castle.
She is a striking young African girl.
He always turns to his disarming gentle big smile when he needs to ask for help.
The dress has been decorated with some cheap thin creamy lace.
In the middle of the dining room stood a dainty round wooden table that had served the family for more than 20 years.
A comma should be placed between two adjectives if they have an equal rank, meaning that you can swap them around without any difference in meaning:
It was a sad, heart-broken, and devastating picture — the kids playing on the ruins of their own house.
It is a dangerous, harmful, and potentially deadly experiment that they are going to conduct in the lab next week.
If adjectives are not equal in their meaning, we don’t need any commas:
It was a long perilous journey to the mountains.
Today we’ve discussed a thrilling short book extract.
The platform has uploaded several absorbing horror films.