What is the word order in indirect questions

Забудьте всё, что вы учили раньше. В непрямых вопросах всё будет по-другому!

Содержание

  • 1 Что такое непрямой вопрос
  • 2 Особенности построения
  • 3 Общие непрямые вопросы (без вопросительных слов)
    • 3.1 Нужно ли ставить вопросительный знак в конце непрямого вопроса?
  • 4 Тест

Помните, что мы с вами учили про построение вопросительных предложений, про обратный порядок слов и вспомогательные глаголы?

Что такое непрямой вопрос

Непрямой вопрос или indirect question задаётся для придания вежливости. Самый яркий пример: когда мы разговариваем с незнакомыми людьми. Сравните сами прямой и непрямой вопросы:

Прямой вопрос Непрямой вопрос
Where is the bank?
Где банк?
Could you tell me where the bank is?
Не могли бы Вы подсказать, где находится банк?

Согласитесь, что прямой вопрос звучит несколько грубовато. Чтобы звучать вежливее, мы добавляем вводную фразу «Could you tell me».

Особенности построения

При построении непрямого вопроса просто помните о двух простых правилах:

  • В начале indirect question стоит вводная фраза.
  • В непрямых вопросах НЕ используются вспомогательные do, does, did.
  • В непрямых вопросах ПРЯМОЙ порядок слов (как в утвердительных предложениях).

Структура построения следующая:

Вводная фраза вопросительное слово подлежащее сказуемое
(глагол ставим в нужную форму)
Do you know when he came?
Could you tell me where this company is?

Рассмотрим примеры вводных фраз (использующихся в начале предложений):

  • Can you tell me — Не могли бы Вы подсказать…?
  • Could you tell me — Не могли бы Вы подсказать…? (Could делает фразу еще более вежливой и формальной).
  • Can I ask you — Могу я спросить Вас…?
  • Do you know — Вы знаете…?
  • Do you happen to know — Вы случайно не знаете…?
  • I wonder — Интересно…
  • I was wondering — Интересно …
  • Would you mind telling me — Вы не возражаете сказать мне…?
  • Do you mind me asking — Вы не возражаете, если я спрошу…?
Direct question Indirect question
Where is the university?
Где университет?
Do you know where the university is?
Вы знаете, где находится университет?
What do you know about it?
Что ты знаешь об этом?
Could you tell me what you know about it?
Вы не могли бы сказать мне, что Вы знаете об этом?
When does she start working?
Когда она начинает работать?
Would you mind telling me when she starts working?
Вы не против рассказать мне, когда она начинает работать?
Where were your colleagues?
Где были ваши коллеги?
I wonder where your colleagues were.
Интересно, где были ваши коллеги.
Why did you say that?
Почему вы сказали это?
Can I ask why you said that?
Могу ли я спросить, почему вы сказали это?
Where have you been?
Где вы бывали?
I’d like to know where you have been.
Я бы хотел знать, где вы бывали.

Общие непрямые вопросы (без вопросительных слов)

Когда строим непрямой общий вопрос (общие вопросы — это те, которые требуют ответа да или нет, то есть не имеют вопросительных слов), после вводной фразы ставится if или whether:

Вводная фраза If/whether подлежащее сказуемое дополнение (если есть)
Do you know if they have free wi-fi here?

Сравним прямые и непрямые общие вопросы.

Direct question Indirect question
Is there a metro station near here?
Есть ли станция метро поблизости?
Do you know if there is a metro station near here?
Вы знаете, есть ли поблизости станция метро?
Can I buy tickets here?
Могу ли я купить билеты здесь?
Can you tell me whether I can buy tickets here?
Можете подсказать, могу ли я купить здесь билеты?
Do you have coins?
У вас есть монеты?
Would you mind telling me if you have coins?
Вы не могли бы сказать, есть ли у вас монеты?
Did you see her bag?
Ты видел её сумку?
I wonder if you saw her bag.
Интересно, видели ли вы её сумку.
Will you come?
Ты придёшь?
I’d like to know whether you will come.
Я бы хотела знать, придёте ли вы.

Нужно ли ставить вопросительный знак в конце непрямого вопроса?

В некоторых случаях ставится вопросительный знак, а в конце некоторых предложений вы можете увидеть точку. От чего же зависит выбор того или иного знака? Ответ прост — смотрим на вводную фразу. Если она представляет из себя вопрос, то будет ставиться вопросительный знак в конце, в ином случае — точка.

Вопросительный знак Точка
Can you tell me where the museum is? I wonder which color you like.
Could you tell me what time it is now? I was wondering how many children you have.
Can I ask you why you want to improve your English? I’d like to know where you bought it.
Would you mind telling me if you like this one?
Do you know when the earliest bus is?
Do you mind me asking which color you would like to choose?

Надеюсь, эта статья внесла маленький вклад в разоблачение стереотипа о том, что русские грубые. Дело в том, что многие иностранцы ошибочно делают такие выводы, воспринимая несовершенный английский за грубость. Так что вперёд, дерзайте! Практикуйте непрямые вопросы!

Кстати, советуем почитать нашу статью про вежливые фразы в английском языке.

А для начала предлагаю потренироваться на тестах. Удачи!

С наилучшими пожеланиями, ваша Полина 4lang.


Тест

Приветствуем тебя, дорогой друг!

Данный тест поможет закрепить слова и выражения, изученные в данной статье.

Время выполнения ~ 3-5 минут.

Количество вопросов – 10


Если вы нашли ошибку, пожалуйста, выделите фрагмент текста и нажмите Ctrl+Enter.

Полина

85 posts

5 comments

Всем привет!

Меня зовут Полина.

Я профессиональный дипломированный учитель английского языка, с высшим педагогическим образованием и повышением квалификации на всевозможных курсах, тренингах, включая курс для учителей в Англии, Оксфорде.

Я счастлива поделиться с вами своими знаниями и опытом!

С 2013 я живу и работаю за границей (Китай, Филиппины, Вьетнам, США), поэтому занятия провожу онлайн по скайпу, а также вы можете приобрести мои авторские курсы.

Познакомиться со мной можно на канале https://www.youtube.com/user/4langru

Буду рада знакомству, с радостью отвечу на ваши вопросы :)

Рассказали, что такое косвенный вопрос, как его построить и когда использовать.

Косвенные вопросы в английском языке

В английском филологи выделяют несколько типов вопросительных предложений: прямые (Direct questions), которые делятся на общие, специальные, альтернативные, разделительные, и косвенные вопросы (Indirect questions).

Основное отличие косвенных вопросов от прямых в том, что они подчеркнуто вежливые. Их задают, когда боятся проявить излишнюю прямолинейность. Как грамотно задавать косвенные вопросы, читайте в продолжении статьи.

Структура косвенных вопросов

Напомним, у прямых вопросов обратный порядок слов: сказуемое ставится перед подлежащим. Схема построения прямого вопроса выглядит так:

Вопросительное слово/конструкция Вспомогательный глагол Подлежащее Сказуемое Остальные члены предложения Перевод
What did you eat for dinner yesterday? Что ты ел на ужин вчера?
Does she clean the house every weekend? Она убирает дома каждые выходные?

Структура косвенных вопросов отличается от прямых. Для них характерно наличие вводной конструкции и основной части, разделенных при помощи союза if/whether (ли) или вопросительного слова.

В вводной конструкции косвенного вопроса обратный порядок слов: вспомогательный глагол, затем подлежащее, а после основной глагол. В основной части вопроса прямой порядок слов (как в утвердительном предложении), вспомогательный глагол не требуется, а основной глагол ставится в нужной форме в зависимости от времени и числа.

Вводная часть
(обратный порядок слов)
Основная часть
(прямой порядок слов)
Перевод
Do you remember what you ate for dinner yesterday? Ты помнишь, что ты ел вчера на ужин?
Do you remember if you ate dinner yesterday? Ты помнишь, ужинал ли ты вчера?
Do you know how often she cleans the house? Ты знаешь, как часто она убирает в доме?
Do you know if she cleans the house every weekend? Ты знаешь, убирается ли она в доме каждые выходные?

Такие предложения считаются вопросительными, но в конце не обязательно ставить вопросительный знак.

Предлагаем сравнить структуру прямого и косвенного вопросов.

Прямой вопрос What is your profession? — Какая у тебя профессия? Has the article published yet? — Статья уже опубликована?
Косвенный вопрос Could you tell me what your profession is? — Не могли бы вы сказать, какая у вас профессия? Do you know if the article has published yet? — Вы знаете, статья уже опубликована?

В косвенных вопросах, на которые можно ответить «да» или «нет» используются союзы-связки if и whether. Отвечая на такой вопрос, важно сохранить тот модальный или вспомогательный глагол, который стоит в основной части самого вопроса.

— Can you tell me if she can swim?
— Yes, she can.
— Ты можешь сказать мне, умеет ли она плавать?
— Да.

— Could you tell me whether he is at school?
— Yes, he’s at school.
— Ты бы мог подсказать, он в школе?
— Да, он в школе.

Также между вводной и основной частями косвенного вопроса может стоять не только союз-связка, но и вопросительное слово (what, why, where, which, whose, how) или вопросительная конструкция (how many, how much, how often).

Did you ask how many books she had read in summer? — Ты спрашивал, сколько книг она прочла летом?

Вводная конструкция

Вводная конструкция в косвенном предложении бывает утвердительной и отрицательной. Первая позволяет задать вопрос вежливо, вторая — выразить сомнение.

Do you know when she cleans the house? — Ты знаешь, когда она убирает дом?
Don’t you know when she cleans the house? — Ты разве не знаешь, когда она убирает дом?

Ниже привели наиболее распространенные вводные конструкции, которые используются в косвенных вопросах:

Вводная конструкция Перевод
Can/Could you tell me?.. Не могли бы вы мне сказать?..
Can/Could I ask you?.. Могу ли я спросить?..
Do you know?.. Вы знаете?..
Don’t you know?.. Вы не знаете?..
Did you ask?.. Вы не спрашивали?..
Do you mind me asking?.. Вы не против, если я спрошу?..
Would you mind telling me?.. Вы не против сказать мне?..
I wonder?.. Интересно?..
I was wondering?.. Интересно?..

Обратите внимание на последние две конструкции со словом wonder — в качестве исключения они следуют прямому порядку слов.

I was wondering whether he is at home or at school? — Интересно, он дома или в школе?

Ошибки при образовании косвенных вопросов

Обратите внимание на наиболее распространенные ошибки в построении косвенных вопросов:

  1. Обратный порядок слов в основной части вопроса.

    Как мы сказали выше, обратному порядку слов следует только вводная конструкция, основная часть вопроса повторяет порядок слов утвердительного предложения.

    Do you think Jimmy is really ill? — Ты думаешь, что Джим действительно болен?

  2. Вводная часть без вспомогательного глагола.

    В вопросах, где вопросительное слово выносится вперед, студенты часто забывают использовать вспомогательный глагол.

    How long do you think they have been working? — Как долго, ты думаешь, они работают?

  3. Нет союза-связки.

    В вопросах, где предполагается ответ «да» или «нет» студенты опускают союзы whether и if.

    Do you know whether he has finished his book or not? — Ты не знаешь, дописал ли он свою книгу?

  4. Запятая между вводной конструкцией и основной частью вопроса.

    По правилам пунктуации английского языка в косвенных вопросах не ставится запятая перед вопросительным словом и союзом-связкой, а в русском она нужна, чтобы разделить части предложения.

Чтобы понять тонкости английской грамматики, записывайтесь на практический курс.

Если хотите закрепить материал, пройдите тест — он не займет у вас больше 10 минут.

Тест по теме «Косвенные вопросы в английском языке»

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How do you ask a stranger for directions? Would you rather say, “Where is Collin Drive?” or “Do you have any idea where Collin Drive is?” Perhaps you might say, “I was wondering where Collin Drive is.” These three sentences are examples of direct and indirect questions.

In this article, I will discuss the definition and examples of indirect questions. Learn how to transform direct questions into indirect questions (and vice versa) using the correct sentence structure. Then, answer the worksheet I provided to test your knowledge of the topic.

What Is an Indirect Question?

Grammarist Article Graphic V4 36

An indirect question in the English language is a type of question embedded in declarative sentences or other questions. Here’s an indirect question example.

  • Mae asked if I liked cheese.

The word if can be replaced by whether. This indirect question is a direct question within a statement or a declarative sentence. If this statement were a direct question, the sentence structure would be in the form of a normal question.

  • Do you like cheese?

Unlike direct questions, indirect questions are statements. They do not start with interrogative adjectives like how, what, why, where, when, whose, and who.

Easy Examples of Indirect Questions

Let’s take a look at more examples of indirect questions in conversations and other real-life scenarios.

  • I wonder if Gino knows the meaning of exclamatory sentences.

In this sentence example, the embedded question is, “Does Gino know the meaning of exclamatory sentences?” Therefore, it’s a direct question within a declarative sentence.

  • Does she know whether Julia is sleeping?

This sentence is a question within a question or an interrogative sentence. The embedded direct question is, “Is Julia sleeping?”

  • Please check when the store is closing.

This is a direct question within a command or an imperative sentence. The embedded direct question in the sentence is, “When is the store closing?”

  • I wonder whether it would be clear to me that Africa is a place where the people do not need limp gifts of fish but sturdy fishing rods and fair access to the pond. (Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie)

This beautiful quote is a direct question within a declarative sentence. The lengthy direct question is, “Would it be clear to me that Africa is a place where the people do not need limp gifts of fish but sturdy fishing rods and fair access to the pond?”

  • Sometimes I wonder if men and women really suit each other. (Katherine Hepburn)

This is another direct question within a declarative sentence. The direct question embedded in the statement is, “Do men and women really suit each other?”

Do Indirect Questions Have Question Marks?

Grammarist Article Graphic V4 37

A complete sentence in the form of an indirect question may have a question mark if it’s in question form. For example:

  • Direct question: Where is the post office?
  • Indirect question: Would you tell me where the post office is?

But if the indirect questions are not in the form of interrogative sentences, do not use a question mark. Below are examples of indirect questions using a positive sentence structure.

  • Incorrect: I want to know where the post office is?
  • Correct: I want to know where the post office is.
  • Incorrect: Please tell me if you need anything?
  • Correct: Please tell me if you need anything.

How to Write an Indirect Question

An indirect question’s structure may include modal verbs can, could, and would when we make requests. This construction is a polite way to ask for information from people, especially strangers and coworkers.

Some common indirect question phrases include “Can you tell me…?” and “Do you have any idea…?” Then, we add the word order of a normal positive sentence.

To form indirect questions for tenses that make questions with inversion, be sure to add the word if.

Below is an example of a direct question and its corresponding indirect question that uses one of the most common question phrases.

  • Direct question: Where is Holly Street?

The word order here is verb-subject: verb is, then subject Holly Street.

  • Indirect question: I want to know where Holly Street is.

The word order in this indirect question is subject-verb, the subject being Holly Street and the verb is. Here’s an interrogative form of the indirect question.

  • Indirect question: May I ask where Holly Street is?

Yes/no questions may also take indirect question forms. These questions do not have interrogative adjectives like why, what, and who. For example:

  • Direct question: Did he call?

To turn it into an indirect question, you may use the phrase “Do you know…?” and then the subordinating conjunction if or whether.

  • Indirect question: Do you know if he called?

Here’s how to transform a direct yes/no question into an indirect question using the present continuous verb.

  • Direct question: Is she enjoying the party?
  • Indirect question: Do you know whether she’s enjoying the party?

For past continuous verbs, the structure is almost identical. For example:

  • Direct question: Were you playing the piano yesterday morning?
  • Indirect question: Can you tell me if you were playing the piano yesterday morning?

The rule is the same for perfect verb tenses. Consider the example below.

  • Direct question: Has the food gone bad?
  • Indirect question: Do you know if the food has gone bad?

If the verb tense is in the present perfect continuous, we still use the same word order as the other tenses.

  • Direct question: Has she been reading new novels lately?
  • Indirect question: Can you tell me if she has been reading new novels lately?

The sentences below use the simple future simple tense with the phrase going to.

  • Direct question: Are you going to dance later?
  • Indirect question: Can you tell me if you are going to dance later?

I usually use imperative sentences when asking for favors. But requests may also include an indirect question phrase like “Is there any chance…?” or “Would it be possible…?” and the noun clause afterward. Read the sentences below.

  • Direct question: Can you please help me find my old purse later?
  • Indirect question: Is there any chance you could help me find my old purse later?
  • Indirect question: Would it be possible for you to help me find my old purse later?

Notice how the direct question still sounds like a huge request, even with the word please. You might be too embarrassed to say it to an acquaintance or coworker. So, you would instead use the indirect question version.

The indirect question also lets the listener understand that the request is a huge one. It may take extra effort or commitment.

Another common indirect question phrase for requests is “I was wondering…” When using this phrase, we do not use question marks. Instead, the sentence is in declarative form. For example:

  • Indirect question: I was wondering if you could help me find my old purse later.

This phrase is a fantastic option if you don’t want to sound demanding when asking for a favor.

Below is another set of sentence examples.

  • Direct question: Did you finish the article?
  • Indirect question: Can you tell me if you finished the article?
  • Indirect question: I was wondering if you finished the article.

Which indirect question form do you think sounds nicer and less demanding?

Indirect Questions in a Nutshell

Any sentence that reports a question or a statement with an embedded question is called an indirect question. When constructing indirect questions, remember that there is no inversion of the word order.

Use indirect questions to sound more polite when asking for information or making requests. Structure your sentences like so when you don’t know the person with whom you’re talking.

GRAMMARIST WORKSHEET 2022 11 11T164550.293

They are
introduced by the verbs to
say,
to tell, to announce, to inform, to declare, to promise, to remark,
to remind, to assure, to admit, to deny, etc.

With the
verbs to
tell

and
to
inform

the
person addressed is always
mentioned. With the verbs to
say

and
to
announce

the
person addressed may/may not be mentioned. If the person is
mentioned, the preposition to
is
used.

The verb to
say

introduces
both direct and indirect speech. The verb to
tell

introduces indirect speech only.
If the person is mentioned, the verb to
tell

is
preferable.

2. Indirect questions.

The word
order in an indirect question is the same as in a statement. An
indirect
general question
is
introduced by the conjunction if
or
whether.
An indirect
special question

is introduced by the same adverb or pronoun that introduces a direct
question.

e.g.: I
said to her, “Have you lived here long?” – I asked her
if
she
had lived there long.

She
said (to him), “When will the secretary come?” – She inquired
(
of
him)
when
the
secretary would come.

Indirect
questions are generally introduced by the verbs to
ask, to inquire, to want to know, to wonder, to interest, to be
interested
.
In
rendering answers we use the verbs to
answer, to reply, to explain

and
the following structures: His
reply/answer was that …, He said in reply that … His reply/answer
was negative/positive.

3. Indirect orders and requests.

An order or
a request in indirect speech is expressed by
an infinitive
.
The choice of the verb is determined by the character of the
order/request: to
tell, to order, to command, to urge, to request

(chiefly
in the Passive Voice), to
ask, to beg, to implore, to entreat, to beseech, to forbid, to warn,
to instruct, to teach, to persuade, etc.

They
are always followed by an indirect object. The verb to
say

is
replaced by the verb to
tell
.

e.g.: The
officer said to the soldiers, “Stop!” – The officer commanded
the soldiers to stop.

The child
said to his mother, “Do take me to the circus!” – The child
implored/begged
(умолял)
his mother to take him to the circus.

He said
to the visitor, “Will you come in?
Don’t
worry

about your luggage.” – He asked/begged
(предложил;
to
beg

is more polite) the
visitor to come in and
not
to worry

about his luggage.

4. Indirect offers, suggestions, advice.

When
converting offers
and
suggestions

into indirect speech, we use the verbs to
offer

and
to
suggest
.
There
is a difference between them, though both are rendered in Russian by
‘предложить’.
The person who makes an
offer
intends
to do the action himself, and the action is an act of kindness. A
suggestion

may also be an act of kindness, but not necessarily. The person who
makes a suggestion may/may not intend to do the action himself.

e.g.: He
said to her, “Shall I fetch you a glass of water?” She said, “Do,
please./No, don’t trouble.” – He offered to fetch her a glass
of water and she accepted/declined the offer.

He said
to her, “Suppose we go there together?” She said, “Very
well./No, I would rather you went alone.” – He suggested that
they should go there together and she consented/refused.

Sentences
expressing advice
are converted into indirect speech by means of the verb to
advise
.

e.g.: He
said to them, “You had better take a taxi, otherwise you may be
late.” – He advised them to take a taxi, as otherwise they might
be late.

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Indirect questions в английском языке

Indirect questions — это непрямые, или косвенные, вопросы.

Есть разные виды косвенных вопросов, но здесь мы рассмотрим те, основная задача которых — сделать вопрос более вежливым и менее прямым.

Indirect questions в английском языке довольно распространены. Ну еще бы, англичане — да и вся
западная культура, если уж на то пошло — известны своей вежливостью и
ненавязчивостью. Это и находит отражение в языке.

Итак, indirect questions в английском языке нужны, чтобы:

  • сделать вопрос более вежливым
  • задать личный вопрос и не прозвучать при этом грубо
  • задать вопрос в ненавязчивой манере

Indirect questions: правила

С употреблением косвенных вопросов определились. Разберем
правила indirect questions и типичные клише.

Для общих вопросов (да/нет, например, Do you speak French?) правило такое:

Прямые вопросы Непрямые вопросы        
  Вводная фраза +  if / whether + утверждение
Are they coming
to the party?

Do you know…

they are coming to the party?
Can you help me? I was wondering…       you can help me.
Does he work here? Can I ask (you)…       he works here?
Does this train
go to London?
Can you tell me…   if / whether   this train goes to London?
Have you ever been
in love?
I’d like to know…       you have ever been in love.
Are you from Russia? I’d be interested
to know…
      you are from Russia.
Does she earn
a lot of money?
Do you mind me
asking…
      she earns a lot of money?
Did you go to the party
last Friday?
Would you mind
telling me…
      you went to the party
last Friday?

Для конкретных вопросов (с вопросительным словом, например, When will it be over?) правило такое:

Прямые вопросы Непрямые вопросы        
  Вводная фраза + вопросительное слово +  утверждение
When will it be over? Do you know… when it will be over?
How much does he earn? I was wondering…   how much   he earns.
Where did you buy
this bag?
Can I ask (you)…   where   you bought this bag?
How long
have you lived here?
Can you tell me…   how long   you have lived here?
Who does she work for? I’d like to know…   who   she works for.
What time
will the meeting be over?
I’d be interested
to know…
  what time   the meeting will be over.
How many children
do you have?
Do you mind me
asking…
  how many children   you have?
Why did you choose
this job?
Would you mind
telling me…
  why   you chose this job?

А с клише …do you think… все обстоит немного по-другому. Здесь вводная фраза …do you think… будет после вопросительного слова:

Прямые вопросы Непрямые
вопросы
 
Вопросительное
слово
do you think утверждение  Перевод
When will it be over? When do you think it will be over? Как ты думаешь,
когда это закончится?
Why did she choose
this job?
Why do you think she chose
this job?
Как ты думаешь, почему она
выбрала эту работу?
Where are they going? Where do you think they are going? Как ты думаешь,
куда они идут/едут?
How much
does he earn?
How much do you think he earns? Как ты думаешь,
сколько он зарабатывает?
How many children
does she have?
How many children do you think she has? Как ты думаешь,
сколько у нее детей?

Когда нужен вопросительный знак?

Обратили внимание, что в indirect questions где-то есть знак вопроса в конце, а где-то нет? Тут все просто — смотрим на вводную фразу (клише). И если она является вопросом, значит, в конце предложения будет вопросительный знак.

Вводная фраза — вопрос в конце — знак вопроса Вводная фраза — не вопрос в конце — точка
Do you know… what time it finishes? I’d like to know… what time it starts.
Can you tell me… what your favorite
color is?
I’d be interested
to know…
what your favorite
film is.
Can I ask (you)… if you’ve done this
before?
I was wondering… if you’ve tried
snails before.
Would you mind
telling me…
whether you are coming?    
Do you mind me
asking…
how much you weigh?    

Примеры indirect questions из фильмов на английском.

Упражнения на indirect questions.

Is there a difference between sentences and questions that you need to know when changing direct speech into indirect/reported speech?

Although we’ve already reviewed necessary rules for indirect speech on this blog, including required time tense changes, I haven’t yet taught the specifics related to indirect questions. Because it’s “question month” for the rest of July, I want you to understand the most important rules for this important grammar point.

In this 60 Second Saturday lesson, you’ll review how to change questions from direct speech into reported speech, or indirect questions.

In reported speech for sentences, you’ve learned that you need a reporting verb (said, told, explained, etc…), sometimes need to change the time tense, and have the optional use of introducing the statement with “that“.

Indirect questions are similar in that they require a reporting verb; however, it’s always necessary to change the word order and absolutely necessary to introduce the question with the original question word and “if” or “whether” for yes/no questions.

Reporting Verbs

The most common reporting verbs for indirect questions in English include:

asked, questioned, inquired, wondered

You can also report a question (change a direct question to an indirect question) following the same pattern as embedded questions *learn more here.

Examples:

Jane wanted to know….

Olivia was wondering….

Mark didn’t know….

Changing the Word Order

As you know, there is a difference in statement word order and question word order. A statement requires the subject, then the auxiliary/verb, followed by the object. For a question, you’ve learned that you need the question word (if there is one), then the auxiliary (if there is one), then the subject, the verb, and then any necessary objects.

When changing a direct question into an indirect question, you must change the word order to follow the statement word order pattern for the subject and auxiliary/verb.

Example:  “Where is the store?” ⇒ Isabella asked where the store is.

Notice that the auxiliary verb (IS) comes before the subject (THE STORE) in the direct question.

For the indirect question, the word order is subject (THE STORE) + verb (IS)

Introducing the question with the question word, IF and WHETHER

Finally, it’s important to know that you must always include the original question word in the direct statement:

“Where is the store?” ⇒  She asked where the store is.

“Why did you go?” ⇒ He questioned why you went.

“Who is that woman?” ⇒ They asked who that woman was.

etc…

If reporting a yes/no question, then you must introduce that indirect question with “IF” or “WHETHER”

Do you know Alex? ⇒ He asked IF you knew Alex.

Did she call them? ⇒ I asked whether she called them (or not).

Important Notes

Time tenses and modals also change for indirect questions. The same changes occur as we’ve reviewed in this lesson about changes here.

As a quick review:

can ⇒  could

will ⇒  would

present tense ⇒  past tense

*Review the lesson above for all the changes

Practice Makes Perfect

Change the following from direct questions to indirect questions:

  1. “When did you go to France?”
  2. “How often do you study?”
  3. “Did you eat lunch yet?”
  4. “Are you an American?”

The answers are here in a light gray color, highlight them with your mouse to check your answers.

ANSWERS:
  1. She asked when you went to France.
  2. He asked how often you study.
  3. I asked if/whether you ate lunch yet.
  4. The asked if/whether you were an American.

Good luck and please let me know if you have any questions below. Until next time,

Happy Studying! ♥

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indirect-questions-english

Hello, everyone!

Today we’re going to look at indirect questions.

There are two main ways of asking questions in English: directly and indirectly.
Both have the same meaning. However, we use 
indirect questions when we want to be more polite or more formal.

Look at the following example of a direct question:

Where is the nearest train station?

To be more polite or formal, ask an indirect question, for example:

Could you tell me where the nearest train station is?

Sentence Structure and Word Order

When we form indirect questions, the question becomes part of a longer sentence or question and the word order in the direct question changes.

Examples:

Direct: What time is it?
Indirect: Do you know what time it is?

Direct: Why were you off work yesterday?
Indirect: Can you tell me why you were off work yesterday?

Direct: When did you move to Holland?
Indirect: Would you mind telling me when you moved to Holland?

No Auxiliary Verb “Do”

When we turn direct questions into indirect questions, we don’t use the auxiliary verb “do”. 

Examples:

Direct: When does the lesson end?
Indirect: Could you tell me when the lesson ends?

DirectWhat car do you drive?
IndirectWould you mind telling me what car you drive?

“If” and “Whether”

If there is no question word (who, what, etc) in the direct question, we need to use if or whether in the indirect question.

Examples: 

Direct: Did she get to work on time today? 
Indirect: Can you tell me if/whether she got to work on time today? 

Direct: Is this the right train for Baker Street?
Indirect: Do you have any idea if/whether this is the right train for Baker Street?

Direct: Are they Italian? 
Indirect: Do you know if/whether they are Italian? 

Note that we don’t usually need to change the tense of the verb as we do with reported questions.

Some students find it difficult to remember to put the verb after the subject, especially when the indirect question is in the present simple tense of the verb “to be”. 

Example:

Could you tell me where the library is?
NOT: Could you tell me where is the library?

Please note that indirect questions are NOT the same as reported questions.

We will look at reported questions in a future post!

Download this explanation in PDF here.

Have a look at this conversation.

Me: Excuse me. Could you tell me where the nearest station is?
Person in the street: Certainly. It’s along that road on the right.
Me: Thank you. And do you know if there’s a supermarket near here?
Person in the street: Yes, there’s one next to the station.
Me: Thank you very much for your help.

I use indirect questions when I’m asking for help in the street, because they are very polite. Indirect questions start with a phrase like ‘could you tell me…’ or ‘do you know…’. For example:

Direct question: Where is the bank?
Indirect question: Could you tell me where the bank is?

Notice that in the indirect question I put the verb (‘is’) after the subject (‘the bank’), in the same way as I do with a normal positive sentence (‘the bank is over there’), but in the direct question I put the verb ‘is’ before the subject ‘the bank’. This is called inversion, and it is used to make direct questions in many verb tenses in English, but we don’t use inversion in indirect questions. This is very similar to the grammar of reported questions. However, we use indirect questions in a different way from reported questions. Indirect questions are a way of being polite. They are very, very common in English, especially when you’re talking to someone you don’t know.

‘Yes / No’ Questions

To make an indirect ‘yes / no’ question, we use ‘if’ and the word order of a normal positive sentence. This is the same as for reported ‘yes / no’ questions. On the other hand, we don’t usually need to ‘backshift’ (change the tense of the verb) as we do with reported questions.

Of course, most tenses make questions by using ‘inversion’ (changing the word order). To change from a direct ‘yes / no’ question with inversion to an indirect question, you add ‘if’ and change the word order back to a normal positive sentence. You don’t need to use inversion.

‘Yes / no’ questions for tenses with inversion:

Verb Tense Direct Question Indirect Question
Present simple with ‘be’ Is he Spanish? Can you tell me if he is Spanish?
Present continuous Is the restaurant closing now? Can you tell me if the restaurant is closing now?
Past simple with ‘be’ Was he late for the meeting? Can you tell me if he was late for the meeting?
Past continuous Were you watching TV at 3pm? Can you tell me if you were watching TV at 3pm?
Present perfect Has Lucy been to Mexico? Can you tell me if Lucy has been to Mexico?
Present perfect continuous Has she been living here long? Can you tell me if she has been living here long?
Past perfect Had she found this job when she moved here? Can you tell me if she had found this job when she moved here?
Past perfect continuous Had she been living here long when she met you? Can you tell me if she had been living here long when she met you?
Future simple with ‘will’ Will she start her new job next week? Can you tell me if she will start her new job next week?
Future simple with ‘going to’ Is it going to rain later? Can you tell me if it is going to rain later?
Future continuous Will Lisa be meeting the boss later? Can you tell me if Lisa will be meeting the boss later?
Future perfect Will he have finished the report by tonight? Can you tell me if he will have finished the report by tonight?
Future perfect continuous Will he have been studying French for twenty years when he retires? Can you tell me if he will have been studying French for twenty years when he retires?
Modal verbs Should we start now? Can you tell me if we should start now?

‘Yes / no’ questions with tenses that use ‘do / does / did’:

Sometimes you want to make an indirect question using the present simple of any verb except ‘be’ or the past simple of any verb except ‘be’. These tense make direct questions by using ‘do / does / did’. When we want to make indirect ‘yes / no’ questions using these tenses, we need ‘if’ and we don’t need ‘do / does / did’.

Verb Tense Direct Question Indirect Question
Present simple with any verb except ‘be’ Does David live in London? Can you tell me if David lives in London?
Past simple with any verb except ‘be’ Did Amanda call John yesterday? Can you tell me if Amanda called John yesterday?

‘Wh’ Questions

In the same way as with reported ‘wh’ questions, we use the question word and the word order of a normal positive sentence to make indirect ‘wh’ questions. We don’t need to use inversion. Again, we also don’t usually need to ‘backshift’ (change the tense of the verb) as we do with reported questions.

To change a direct question to an indirect question for tenses that make questions using inversion, you just add the ‘wh’ word and change the word order back to a normal positive sentence.

‘Wh’ questions for tenses with inversion:

Verb Tense Direct Question Indirect Question
Present simple with ‘be’ Why is he unhappy? Can you tell me why he is unhappy?
Present continuous When is the restaurant closing? Can you tell me when the restaurant is closing?
Past simple with ‘be’ Why was he late for the meeting? Can you tell me why he was late for the meeting?
Past continuous What were you doing at 3pm? Can you tell me what you were doing at 3pm?
Present perfect Where has Lucy been? Can you tell me where Lucy has been?
Present perfect continuous How long has she been living here? Can you tell me how long she has been living here?
Past perfect Why had she quit her job before she moved here? Can you tell me why she had quit her job before she moved here?
Past perfect continuous How long had she been living here when she met you? Can you tell me how long she had been living here when she met you?
Future simple with ‘will’ When will she start her new job? Can you tell me when she will start her new job?
Future simple with ‘going to’ When is it going to rain? Can you tell me when it is going to rain?
Future continuous What time will Lisa be meeting the boss? Can you tell me what time Lisa will be meeting the boss?
Future perfect When will he have finished the report? Can you tell me when he will have finished the report?
Future perfect continuous How long will he have been studying French when he retires? Can you tell me how long he will have been studying French when he retires?
Modal verbs What should we do now? Can you tell me what we should do now?

‘Wh’ questions for tenses with ‘do / does / did’:

Sometimes you want to make an indirect ‘wh’ question using the present simple of any verb except ‘be’ or the past simple of any verb except ‘be’. Usually these tenses make questions by using ‘do / does / did’. However, when we want to make indirect ‘wh’ questions using these tenses, we don’t need ‘do / does / did’. Instead, we use a question word and then normal positive sentence word order.

Verb Tense Direct Question Indirect Question
Present simple with any verb except ‘be’ Where does David live? Can you tell me where David lives?
Past simple with any verb except ‘be’ Why did Amanda call John yesterday? Can you tell me why Amanda called John yesterday?

Common Problems

It can be difficult to remember to put the verb after the subject, especially when the indirect question is in the present simple tense of ‘be’. For example, we need to say:

Could you tell me where the station is?

NOT:

Could you tell me where is the station?

Try Indirect Questions Exercise 1 (with the present simple tense)here.
Try Indirect Questions Exercise 2 (with the past simple tense) here.
Try Indirect Questions Exercise 3 (with modal verbs) here.

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