What is the word festival mean

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

«Festivity» redirects here. For the ship, see MV Festivity.

Village Feast. Facsimile of a woodcut of the Sandrin ou Verd Galant, facetious work end of 16th century (edition of 1609)

A festival is an extraordinary event celebrated by a community and centering on some characteristic aspect or aspects of that community and its religion or cultures. It is often marked as a local or national holiday, mela, or eid. A festival constitutes typical cases of glocalization, as well as the high culture-low culture interrelationship.[1] Next to religion and folklore, a significant origin is agricultural. Food is such a vital resource that many festivals are associated with harvest time. Religious commemoration and thanksgiving for good harvests are blended in events that take place in autumn, such as Halloween in the northern hemisphere and Easter in the southern.

Festivals often serve to fulfill specific communal purposes, especially in regard to commemoration or thanking to the gods, goddesses or saints: they are called patronal festivals. They may also provide entertainment, which was particularly important to local communities before the advent of mass-produced entertainment. Festivals that focus on cultural or ethnic topics also seek to inform community members of their traditions; the involvement of elders sharing stories and experience provides a means for unity among families.[2] Attendants of festivals are often motivated by a desire for escapism, socialization and camaraderie; the practice has been seen as a means of creating geographical connection, belonging and adaptability.[3][4]

Etymology[edit]

A Festival at Antwerp, Belgium, 17th century

The word «festival» was originally used as an adjective from the late fourteenth century, deriving from Latin via Old French.[5] In Middle English, a «festival dai» was a religious holiday.[6] Its first recorded used as a noun was in 1589 (as «Festifall»).[5] Feast first came into usage as a noun circa 1200,[7] and its first recorded use as a verb was circa 1300.[8]

The word gala comes from Arabic word khil’a, meaning robe of honor.[9] The word gala was initially used to describe «festive dress», but came to be a synonym of «festival» starting in the 18th century.[10]

History[edit]

Festivals have long been significant in human culture and are found in virtually all cultures.[11][12] The importance of festivals, to the present, is found in private and public; secular and religious life.[13] Ancient Greek and Roman societies relied heavily upon festivals, both communal and administrative.[14] Saturnalia was likely influential to Christmas and Carnival.[15] Celebration of social occasions, religion and nature were common.[15] Specific festivals have century-long histories and festivals in general have developed over the last few centuries – some traditional festivals in Ghana, for example, predate European colonisation of the 15th century.[4][15][16] Festivals prospered following the Second World War.[15] Both established in 1947, Avignon Festival and the Edinburgh Festival Fringe have been notable in shaping the modern model of festivals.[17] Art festivals became more prominent by the turn of the 21st century.[13] In modern times, festivals are commodified as a global tourist prospect although they are commonly public or not-for-profit.[18][19]

Traditions[edit]

Many festivals have religious origins and entwine cultural and religious significance in traditional activities. The most important religious festivals such as Christmas, Rosh Hashanah, Diwali, Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha serve to mark out the year. Others, such as harvest festivals, celebrate seasonal change. Events of historical significance, such as important military victories or other nation-building events also provide the impetus for a festival. An early example is the festival established by Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses III celebrating his victory over the Libyans.[20] In many countries, royal holidays commemorate dynastic events just as agricultural holidays are about harvests. Festivals are often commemorated annually.

There are numerous types of festivals in the world and most countries celebrate important events or traditions with traditional cultural events and activities. Most culminate in the consumption of specially prepared food (showing the connection to «feasting») and they bring people together. Festivals are also strongly associated with national holidays. Lists of national festivals are published to make participation easier.[21]

Types of festivals[edit]

The scale of festivals varies; in location and attendance, they may range from a local to national level.[22][15] Music festivals, for example, often bring together disparate groups of people, such that they are both localised and global.[23] The «vast majority» of festivals are, however, local, modest and populist.[24] The abundance of festivals significantly hinders quantifying the total there of.[13] There exists significant variation among festivals, beyond binary dichotomies of sacred and secular, rural and urban, people and establishment.[24]

Religious festivals[edit]

Among many religions, a feast is a set of celebrations in honour of God or gods.[25] A feast and a festival are historically interchangeable. Most religions have festivals that recur annually and some, such as Passover, Easter and Eid al-Adha are moveable feasts – that is, those that are determined either by lunar or agricultural cycles or the calendar in use at the time. The Sed festival, for example, celebrated the thirtieth year of an Egyptian pharaoh’s rule and then every three (or four in one case) years after that.[26] Among the Ashantis, most of their traditional festivals are linked to gazette sites which are believed to be sacred with several rich biological resources in their pristine forms. Thus, the annual commemoration of the festivals helps in maintaining the buoyancy of the conserved natural site, assisting in biodiversity conservation.[27]

In the Christian liturgical calendar, there are two principal feasts, properly known as the Feast of the Nativity of our Lord (Christmas) and the Feast of the Resurrection (Easter), but minor festivals in honour of local patron saints are celebrated in almost all countries influenced by Christianity. In the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Anglican liturgical calendars there are a great number of lesser feasts throughout the year commemorating saints, sacred events or doctrines. In the Philippines, each day of the year has at least one specific religious festival, either from Catholic, Islamic, or indigenous origins.[28]

Buddhist religious festivals, such as Esala Perahera are held in Sri Lanka and Thailand.[29] Hindu festivals, such as Holi are very ancient. The Sikh community celebrates the Vaisakhi festival marking the new year and birth of the Khalsa.[30]

  • Cleaning in preparation for Passover (c. 1320)

    Cleaning in preparation for Passover (c. 1320)

  • Radha celebrating Holi, Kangra, India (c1788)

    Radha celebrating Holi, Kangra, India (c1788)

  • A Christmas mass at the Church of the Nativity, in Bethlehem, Palestine (1979)

  • Moors and Christian festival in Villena, Spain

    Moors and Christian festival in Villena, Spain

Arts festivals[edit]

Among the many offspring of general arts festivals are also more specific types of festivals, including ones that showcase intellectual or creative achievement such as science festivals, literary festivals and music festivals.[31] Sub-categories include comedy festivals, rock festivals, jazz festivals and buskers festivals; poetry festivals,[32] theatre festivals, and storytelling festivals; and re-enactment festivals such as Renaissance fairs. In the Philippines, aside from numerous art festivals scattered throughout the year, February is known as national arts month, the culmination of all art festivals in the entire archipelago.[33] The modern model of music festivals began in the 1960s-70s and have become a lucrative global industry.[3] Predecessors extend back to the 11th century and some, such as the Three Choirs Festival, remain to this day.[34]

Film festivals involve the screenings of several different films, and are usually held annually. Some of the most significant film festivals include the Berlin International Film Festival, the Venice Film Festival and the Cannes Film Festival.

A food festival is an event celebrating food or drink. These often highlight the output of producers from a certain region. Some food festivals are focused on a particular item of food, such as the National Peanut Festival in the United States, or the Galway International Oyster Festival in Ireland. There are also specific beverage festivals, such as the famous Oktoberfest in Germany for beer. Many countries hold festivals to celebrate wine. One example is the global celebration of the arrival of Beaujolais nouveau, which involves shipping the new wine around the world for its release date on the third Thursday of November each year.[35][36] Both Beaujolais nouveau and the Japanese rice wine sake are associated with harvest time. In the Philippines, there are at least two hundred festivals dedicated to food and drinks.[citation needed]

  • Soweto Wine Festival, South Africa (2009)

    Soweto Wine Festival, South Africa (2009)

  • Beer horse cart from the Hofbräuhaus brewery at Oktoberfest Germany (2013)

    Beer horse cart from the Hofbräuhaus brewery at Oktoberfest Germany (2013)

Seasonal and harvest festivals[edit]

Seasonal festivals, such as Beltane, are determined by the solar and the lunar calendars and by the cycle of the seasons, especially because of its effect on food supply, as a result of which there is a wide range of ancient and modern harvest festivals. Ancient Egyptians relied upon the seasonal inundation caused by the Nile River, a form of irrigation, which provided fertile land for crops.[37] In the Alps, in autumn the return of the cattle from the mountain pastures to the stables in the valley is celebrated as Almabtrieb. A recognized winter festival, the Chinese New Year, is set by the lunar calendar, and celebrated from the day of the second new moon after the winter solstice. Dree Festival of the Apatanis living in Lower Subansiri District of Arunachal Pradesh is celebrated every year from July 4 to 7 by praying for a bumper crop harvest.[38]

Midsummer or St John’s Day, is an example of a seasonal festival, related to the feast day of a Christian saint as well as a celebration of the time of the summer solstice in the northern hemisphere, where it is particularly important in Sweden. Winter carnivals also provide the opportunity to utilise to celebrate creative or sporting activities requiring snow and ice. In the Philippines, each day of the year has at least one festival dedicated to harvesting of crops, fishes, crustaceans, milk, and other local goods.[citation needed]

Seasonal and harvest festivals

  • Temple Festival in India

    Temple Festival in India

  • Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art Sky lantern Festival, in Loire Valley

  • Halloween pumpkins show the close relationship between a harvest and religious festivals

    Halloween pumpkins show the close relationship between a harvest and religious festivals

Politics[edit]

Scholarly literature notes that festivals functionally disseminate political values and meaning, such as ownership of place, which undergoes transformation in accordance with the festival.[4][24] Furthermore, a festival may act as an artefact which allows citizens to achieve «certain ideals», including those of identity and ideology.[39] Festivals may be used to rehabilitate or elevate the image of a city; the ephemerality of festivals means that their impact is often incorporeal, of name, memory and perception.[13][24] In deviating from routine, festivals may reinforce the convention, be it social, cultural or economic.[15][24]

Study of festivals[edit]

  • Festive ecology – explores the relationships between the symbolism and the ecology of the plants, fungi and animals associated with cultural events such as festivals, processions and special occasions.
  • Heortology – the study of religious festivals. It was originally only used in respect of Christian festivals,[40] but it now covers all religions, in particular those of Ancient Greece.[41] See list of foods with religious symbolism for some topical overlap.

See also[edit]

  • All pages with titles containing Festival
  • Convention
  • Event planning
  • Fair
  • Festive ecology
  • Holiday
  • Lists of festivals
  • Outline of festivals
  • Patronal festival
  • Procession
  • Trade show

References[edit]

  1. ^ Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. p. 264. ISBN 9780415252256.
  2. ^ «Why festivals are important». www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  3. ^ a b Davies, Karen (2021). «Festivals Post Covid-19». Leisure Sciences. 43 (1–2): 184–189. doi:10.1080/01490400.2020.1774000. ISSN 0149-0400. S2CID 225693273.
  4. ^ a b c Quinn, Bernadette (2003). «Symbols, practices and myth-making: Cultural perspectives on the Wexford Festival Opera». Tourism Geographies. 5 (3): 329–349. doi:10.1080/14616680309710. ISSN 1461-6688. S2CID 143509970. Archived from the original on August 28, 2022. Retrieved August 21, 2022.
  5. ^ a b «Home : Oxford English Dictionary». www.oed.com. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  6. ^ «festival — Middle English Compendium». quod.lib.umich.edu. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  7. ^ «Home : Oxford English Dictionary». www.oed.com. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  8. ^ «Home : Oxford English Dictionary». www.oed.com. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  9. ^ James E Glevin (2020). The Modern Middle East: A History. Oxford University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0190074067.
  10. ^ «gala (n.)». Archived from the original on June 27, 2020. Retrieved June 27, 2020.
  11. ^ Cudny 2016, p. 13.
  12. ^ Falassi, Alessandro, ed. (1987). Time Out of Time: Essays on the Festival. University of New Mexico Press. p. 1. ISBN 0-8263-0932-1. OCLC 15017471. Archived from the original on August 28, 2022. Retrieved August 21, 2022.
  13. ^ a b c d Quinn, Bernadette (2005). «Arts Festivals and the City». Urban Studies. 42 (5–6): 927–943. doi:10.1080/00420980500107250. ISSN 0042-0980. S2CID 154354884.
  14. ^ Brandt, J. Rasmus; Iddeng, Jon W., eds. (2012). Greek and Roman Festivals: Content, Meaning, and Practice (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-19-969609-3.
  15. ^ a b c d e f Cudny, Waldemar (2014). «The Phenomenon of Festivals: Their Origins, Evolution, and Classifications». Anthropos. 109 (2): 640–656. doi:10.5771/0257-9774-2014-2-640. ISSN 0257-9774. JSTOR 43861801. Archived from the original on August 23, 2022. Retrieved August 23, 2022.
  16. ^ Odotei, Irene (2002). «Festivals in Ghana: Continuity, Transformation and Politicisation of Tradition». Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana (6): 17–34. ISSN 0855-3246. JSTOR 41406666. Archived from the original on August 24, 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
  17. ^ Bartie, Angela (2013). The Edinburgh Festivals: Culture and Society in Post-war Britain. Edinburgh University Press. p. 6. doi:10.3366/edinburgh/9780748670307.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-7486-7030-7. Archived from the original on August 28, 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
  18. ^ Prentice, Richard; Andersen, Vivien (2003). «Festival as creative destination». Annals of Tourism Research. 30 (1): 7–30. doi:10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00034-8. Archived from the original on June 23, 2022. Retrieved August 21, 2022.
  19. ^ Andersson, Tommy D.; Getz, Donald (2008). «Stakeholder Management Strategies of Festivals». Journal of Convention & Event Tourism. 9 (3): 199–220. doi:10.1080/15470140802323801. ISSN 1547-0148. S2CID 154831702. Archived from the original on August 27, 2022. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
  20. ^ Berrett, LaMar C.; Ogden D. Kelly (1996). Discovering the world of the Bible (3rd ed., rev. ed.). Provo, Utah: Grandin Book Co. p. 289. ISBN 0-910523-52-5.
  21. ^ See for example: List of festivals in Australia; Bangladesh; Canada; China; Colombia; Costa Rica; Fiji; India; Indonesia; Iran; Japan; Laos; Morocco; Nepal; Pakistan; Philippines; Romania; Tunisia; Turkey; United Kingdom; United States; Vietnam.
  22. ^ Cudny 2016, p. 15.
  23. ^ Hondros, Konstantin; Silva, Glaucia Peres da, eds. (2019). Music Practices Across Borders : (E)Valuating Space, Diversity and Exchange. Transcript. p. 86. ISBN 978-3-8394-4667-6. OCLC 1105916920. Archived from the original on August 28, 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
  24. ^ a b c d e Waterman, Stanley (1998). «Carnivals for elites? The cultural politics of arts festivals». Progress in Human Geography. 22 (1): 54–74. doi:10.1191/030913298672233886. ISSN 0309-1325. S2CID 144867877.
  25. ^ Bleeker, Claas Jouco (1967). Egyptian Festivals: Enactments of Religious Renewal. Brill Archive. Archived from the original on August 28, 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
  26. ^ «Heb-Sed (Egyptian feast)». Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on May 4, 2015. Retrieved April 16, 2014.
  27. ^ Robson, James P. (2007). «Local approaches to biodiversity conservation: lessons from Oaxaca, southern Mexico». International Journal of Sustainable Development. 10 (3): 267. doi:10.1504/ijsd.2007.017647. ISSN 0960-1406.
  28. ^ «Calendar of Philippine Festivals and Monthly Observances / Theme | Tourism Promotions Board». www.tpb.gov.ph. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  29. ^ Gerson, Ruth (1996). Traditional festivals in Thailand. Kuala Lumpur; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9676531111.
  30. ^ Roy, Christian (2005). «Sikh Vaisakhi: Anniversary of the Pure». Traditional Festivals, Vol. 2 [M – Z]: A Multicultural Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 480. ISBN 978-1-57607-089-5.
  31. ^ See List of music festivals.
  32. ^ Some such as such as Cúirt International Festival of Literature started as a poetry festival and then broadened in scope.
  33. ^ Kasilag, Giselle P. (February 1999). «Performances, exhibits around the country mark National Arts Month». BusinessWorld (SanJuan, Philippines): 1. ISSN 0116-3930 – via Nexis Uni.
  34. ^ Frey, Bruno S. (1994). «The Economics of Music Festivals». Journal of Cultural Economics. 18 (1): 29–39. doi:10.1007/bf01207151. ISSN 0885-2545. S2CID 153806851. Archived from the original on August 28, 2022. Retrieved August 25, 2022.
  35. ^ Hyslop, Leah (November 21, 2013). «Beaujolais Nouveau day: 10 facts about the wine». The Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022.
  36. ^ Haine, W. Scott (2006). Culture and Customs of France. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-313-32892-3. Archived from the original on May 1, 2016. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
  37. ^ Bunson, Margaret (2009). «Nile festivals». Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Infobase Publishing. p. 278. ISBN 978-1-4381-0997-8. Archived from the original on May 7, 2016. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
  38. ^ «Press release – Dree festival». Directorate of Information, Govt of Arunachal Pradesh. July 5, 2004. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved July 13, 2009.
  39. ^ Jeong, Sunny; Santos, Carla Almeida. (2004). «Cultural Politics and Contested Place Identity». Annals of Tourism Research. 31 (3): 640–656. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2004.01.004.
  40. ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). «Heortology» . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  41. ^ Parker, Robert (1996). Athenian religion : a history. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-814979-4. OCLC 32590127. Archived from the original on May 12, 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
  • Cudny, Waldemar (2016). Festivalisation of Urban Spaces. Springer Geography. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31997-1. ISBN 978-3-319-31997-1. S2CID 168194339.

Further reading[edit]

  • Ian Yeoman, ed. (2004). Festival and events management: an international arts and culture perspective (1st ed., repr. ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 9780750658720.

External links[edit]

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I extend my greetings and good wishes to all our citizens on the joyous occasion of Deepawali. The festival of lights, celebrated with gaiety and enthusiasm all over the country, signifies the victory of good over evil and is an appropriate occasion for us to resolve to follow the high ideals in life.

Mohammad Hamid Ansari

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ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD FESTIVAL

From Church Latin fēstivālis of a feast, from Latin festīvusfestive.

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Etymology is the study of the origin of words and their changes in structure and significance.

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PRONUNCIATION OF FESTIVAL

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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF FESTIVAL

Festival is a noun.

A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.

WHAT DOES FESTIVAL MEAN IN ENGLISH?

festival

Festival

A festival or gala is an event ordinarily staged by a community, centering on and celebrating some unique aspect of that community and its traditions, often marked as a local or national holiday, mela or eid. Festivals often serve to meet specific purposes, especially in regard to commemoration and/or thanksgiving. They are associated with celebration and may also provide entertainment, which was particularly important to local communities before the advent of mass-produced entertainment. These celebrations offered a sense of belonging for religious, social, or geographical groups. Festivals that focus on cultural or specifically ethnic topics also seek to inform members of their traditions and the involvement of community elders sharing stories and experience provides a means for unity among families. A festival is a special occasion of feasting or celebration, usually with a religious focus. Aside from religion, and sometimes folklore, another significant origin is agricultural. Food is so vital that many festivals are associated with harvest time.


Definition of festival in the English dictionary

The first definition of festival in the dictionary is a day or period set aside for celebration or feasting, esp one of religious significance. Other definition of festival is any occasion for celebration, esp one which commemorates an anniversary or other significant event. Festival is also an organized series of special events and performances, usually in one place.

WORDS THAT RHYME WITH FESTIVAL

Synonyms and antonyms of festival in the English dictionary of synonyms

SYNONYMS OF «FESTIVAL»

The following words have a similar or identical meaning as «festival» and belong to the same grammatical category.

Translation of «festival» into 25 languages

online translator

TRANSLATION OF FESTIVAL

Find out the translation of festival to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.

The translations of festival from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «festival» in English.

Translator English — Chinese


节日

1,325 millions of speakers

Translator English — Spanish


festival

570 millions of speakers

English


festival

510 millions of speakers

Translator English — Hindi


त्योहार

380 millions of speakers

Translator English — Arabic


مِهْرَجَان

280 millions of speakers

Translator English — Russian


празднество

278 millions of speakers

Translator English — Portuguese


festival

270 millions of speakers

Translator English — Bengali


উৎসব

260 millions of speakers

Translator English — French


festival

220 millions of speakers

Translator English — Malay


Perayaan

190 millions of speakers

Translator English — German


Festspiele

180 millions of speakers

Translator English — Japanese


フェスティバル

130 millions of speakers

Translator English — Korean


축제

85 millions of speakers

Translator English — Javanese


Festival

85 millions of speakers

Translator English — Vietnamese


lễ hội

80 millions of speakers

Translator English — Tamil


திருவிழா

75 millions of speakers

Translator English — Marathi


उत्सव

75 millions of speakers

Translator English — Turkish


festival

70 millions of speakers

Translator English — Italian


festival

65 millions of speakers

Translator English — Polish


festiwal

50 millions of speakers

Translator English — Ukrainian


фестиваль

40 millions of speakers

Translator English — Romanian


festival

30 millions of speakers

Translator English — Greek


φεστιβάλ

15 millions of speakers

Translator English — Afrikaans


fees

14 millions of speakers

Translator English — Swedish


festival

10 millions of speakers

Translator English — Norwegian


festival

5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of festival

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «FESTIVAL»

The term «festival» is very widely used and occupies the 1.864 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.

Trends

FREQUENCY

Very widely used

The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «festival» in the different countries.

Principal search tendencies and common uses of festival

List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «festival».

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «FESTIVAL» OVER TIME

The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «festival» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «festival» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day.

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about festival

10 QUOTES WITH «FESTIVAL»

Famous quotes and sentences with the word festival.

Holland is a really small country, but with a very strong club and festival scene. Dance music has been huge in Holland since the late eighties. So there were a lot of opportunities for producers and DJs to release records and play live.

I extend my greetings and good wishes to all our citizens on the joyous occasion of Deepawali. The festival of lights, celebrated with gaiety and enthusiasm all over the country, signifies the victory of good over evil and is an appropriate occasion for us to resolve to follow the high ideals in life.

To fans in a festival setting it’s like a picnic. You want to have a good time with your friends in that crowd. And in the background you hear the band play, ‘Oh, that’s my favorite song!’ everyone is there to enjoy the afternoon and that’s about it.

When I was 3, I recited a poem at a festival in Passaic, New Jersey. The applause was tremendous, and it hit me that I could affect people positively by performing.

Because I’ve a track record of talking about books I never write, in Australia they think I’m about to write a book about Jane Austen. Something I said at some festival.

When I do a festival, I want everyone to have a party, I think it is kind of similar to a club where everyone is there to have a good time and celebrate not being at work or just being able to have fun. I love people dancing to my music as well; if I can make them dance I feel happy.

There is nothing funny about Halloween. This sarcastic festival reflects, rather, an infernal demand for revenge by children on the adult world.

I love the outdoor festival feeling.

Michael Clarke Duncan and I met at a music festival that was honoring films, and we happened to be seated next to each other at the dinner, and we just hit it off and kept in touch ever since. He was just the gentle giant in real life like you would have expected him to be.

When people say ‘stadium songs,’ it’s really negative. All the festival headliners, I’ve realised, are usually the worst bands.

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «FESTIVAL»

Discover the use of festival in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to festival and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.

Leaving behind a broken engagement in New Orleans, Catherine Morgan journeys to Scotland, where she encounters James Cameron, whose family had died under suspicious circumstances, and is swept back in time, into the life of a twelfth …

2

A Festival of Violence: An Analysis of Southern Lynchings, …

This book tests explanations of the causes of lynching, using US Census and historical voting data and a newly constructed inventory of southern lynch victims.

Stewart Emory Tolnay, 1995

3

Apartheid’s Festival: Contesting South Africa’s National Pasts

Apartheid’s Festival highlights the conflicts and debates that surrounded the 1952 celebration of the 300th anniversary of the landing of Jan Van Riebeeck and the founding of Cape Town, South Africa.

4

The Akitu Festival: Religious Continuity and Royal …

Using tools of social anthropology and ritual analysis, this book presents a detailed reconstruction of the festival events and its attendant rituals to demonstrate how the akitu festival became a propagandistic tool wielded by the monarchy …

5

The Michigan Womyn’s Music Festival: An Amazon Matrix of Meaning

This book is a five-year ethnographic study of the lesbian culture built at the Michigan Womyn’s Music Festival.

Laurie J. Kendall, Ph. D. Laurie J. Kendall, 2008

6

The Ghost Festival in Medieval China

Teiser uncovers a wide range of sources, many translated or analyzed for the first time in any language, to demonstrate how the symbolism, rituals, and mythology of the ghost festival pervaded the social landscape of medieval China».Teiser …

7

Cut and Make Festival Masks from India: 6 Full-Color Designs

A demon mask worn by dancers of Himachal Pradesh; a Ravana (demon) mask worn in northern India; a brightly decorated Kathakali dancer’s mask from Kerala; a Narasimha mask from Orissa; and two others. 6 full-color masks on 6 plates.

8

Muḥammad’s Birthday Festival: Early History in the Central …

Sketches the early history of the birthday festival of the Prophet Muh ammad in the Middle East and its dissemination in the Western part of the Muslim world until the 10/16th century.

9

Successful Secrets of Festival, Concert and Special Event …

The Ultimate step-by-step guide to concert, festival and special event production.

10

Festival of Freedom: Essays on Pesah and the Haggadah

Festival of Freedom, the sixth volume in the series MeOtzar HoRav, consists of ten essays on Passover and the Haggadah drawn from the treasure trove left by the late Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik, widely known as «the Rav.

Joseph Dov Soloveitchik, Joel B. Wolowelsky, Reuven Ziegler, 2006

10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «FESTIVAL»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term festival is used in the context of the following news items.

Global Citizen Festival Aims To Raise Global Poverty Awareness …

Central Park will again play host to the Global Citizen Festival this September, welcoming some of music’s biggest acts to the stage while … «Forbes, Jul 15»

Hanover Tomato Festival, Latin & Salsa Jazz Festival, Pet Expo and …

Stock up on your favorite tomatoes at the annual Hanover Tomato Festival, it’s Saturday, July 11 from 9am – 4pm at Pole Green Park in … «wtvr.com, Jul 15»

Tomorrow: Atlanta Street Food Festival rolls into Piedmont Park …

Food truck fans will have a day to explore the best in mobile cuisine at the fourth annual Atlanta Street Food Festival. More than 50 trucks, … «Atlanta Journal Constitution, Jul 15»

Confederate flag still present in Fremont festival | Local News …

This weekend in Fremont, all sorts of flags are on display at an annual festival. Organizers say it’s not about controversy, it’s about education. «KETV Omaha, Jul 15»

Levine Withdraws From Verbier Festival — The New York Times

“I am distraught and frustrated beyond words that I cannot come back this summer to the Verbier Festival, but my doctors have forbidden me to … «New York Times, Jul 15»

Justin Bieber, Nicki Minaj, more to headline Billboard’s first music …

Justin Bieber, The Weeknd, Nicki Minaj, Lil Wayne and Skrillex are set to headline Billboard’s first-ever music festival, the Billboard Hot 100 … «Entertainment Weekly, Jul 15»

Highly-Touted 2015 NiFi Festival Canceled — Taste of Country

The festival was to have taken place at the Kentucky Speedway in Sparta, Ky. from Aug. 28-30, featuring an impressive lineup of acts from … «Taste of Country, Jul 15»

Behavior mostly good on first day of All Good Music Festival — Herald …

Festival goers enter the 18th anuual All Good Music Festival and Camp Out Thursday evening on Berry Hill Farm Lane in Summit Point WV. «Herald-Mail Media, Jul 15»

North Ridgeville Corn Festival includes fireworks, car show …

NORTH RIDGEVILLE, Ohio – The countdown to the annual North Ridgeville Corn Festival is underway. The free event takes place Aug. 7-9 on … «cleveland.com, Jul 15»

Jerusalem Film Festival Opens With ‘Amy,’ ‘Jeruzalem’ and ‘Tikkun …

The curtain rose Thursday night on the 32nd Jerusalem Film Festival, one of the most prestigious stages for Israeli filmmaking and a fest whose … «Variety, Jul 15»

REFERENCE

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Источник

Other forms: festivals

A festival might be an all-day series of music performances or a weekend of short plays or films. Any program made up of many different acts, especially lasting an entire day or several days, can be called a festival.

Another meaning of the word festival is «big party,» again most often a celebration that lasts for a long period of time. Some festivals are religious, and others are seasonal or cultural, like a city’s Italian Heritage Festival. Some famous festivals include the Fringe Festival in Scotland, Carnivale in Brazil, Oktoberfest in Germany and Burning Man in the United States. You could travel the world as a festival hopper.

Definitions of festival

  1. noun

    an organized series of acts and performances (usually in one place)

    “a drama
    festival”

    synonyms:

    fete

  2. noun

    a day or period of time set aside for feasting and celebration

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Источник

Princeton’s WordNetRate this definition:2.5 / 6 votes

  1. festivalnoun

    a day or period of time set aside for feasting and celebration

  2. festival, fetenoun

    an organized series of acts and performances (usually in one place)

    «a drama festival»

WiktionaryRate this definition:3.4 / 8 votes

  1. festivalnoun

    An event or community gathering, usually staged by a local community, which centers on some theme, sometimes on some unique aspect of the community.

  2. festivalnoun

    In mythology, a set of celebrations in the honour of a god.

  3. festivaladjective

    Pertaining to a feast or feast-day. (Now only as the noun used attributively.)

  4. Etymology: From festivalis, from festivus.

Samuel Johnson’s DictionaryRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

  1. FESTIVALadjective

    Pertaining to feasts; joyous.

    Etymology: festivus, Latin.

    He appeared at great tables, and festival entertainments, that he might manifest his divine charity to men.
    Francis Atterbury.

  2. Festivalnoun

    Time of feast; anniversary-day of civil or religious joy.

    So tedious is this day,
    As is the night before some festival,
    To an impatient child that hath new robes,
    And may not wear them.
    William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet.

    Th’ invited sisters with their graces blest
    Their festivals.
    George Sandys.

    The morning trumpets festival proclaim’d
    Through each high street.
    John Milton, Agonistes.

    Follow, ye nymphs and shepherds all,
    Come celebrate this festival,
    And merrily sing, and sport, and play;
    For ’tis Oriana’s nuptial day.
    George Granville.

    By sacrifice of the tongues they purged away whatever they had spoken amiss during the festival.
    Notes on the Odyssey.

    The festival of our Lord’s resurrection we have celebrated, and may now consider the chief consequence of his resurrection, a judgment to come.
    Francis Atterbury, Sermons.

WikipediaRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

  1. Festival

    A festival is an extraordinary event celebrated by a community and centering on some characteristic aspect or aspects of that community and its religion or cultures. It is often marked as a local or national holiday, mela, or eid. A festival constitutes typical cases of glocalization, as well as the high culture-low culture interrelationship. Next to religion and folklore, a significant origin is agricultural. Food is such a vital resource that many festivals are associated with harvest time. Religious commemoration and thanksgiving for good harvests are blended in events that take place in autumn, such as Halloween in the northern hemisphere and Easter in the southern.
    Festivals often serve to fulfill specific communal purposes, especially in regard to commemoration or thanking to the gods, goddesses or saints: they are called patronal festivals. They may also provide entertainment, which was particularly important to local communities before the advent of mass-produced entertainment. Festivals that focus on cultural or ethnic topics also seek to inform community members of their traditions; the involvement of elders sharing stories and experience provides a means for unity among families. Attendants of festivals are often motivated by a desire for escapism, socialization and camaraderie; the practice has been seen as a means of creating geographical connection, belonging and adaptability.

Webster DictionaryRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

  1. Festivaladjective

    pertaining to a fest; festive; festal; appropriate to a festival; joyous; mirthful

  2. Etymology: [OF. festival, fr. L. festivum festive jollity, fr. festivus festive, gay. See Festive.]

FreebaseRate this definition:3.3 / 6 votes

  1. Festival

    A festival or gala is an event ordinarily staged by a local community, which centers on and celebrates some unique aspect of that community and the Festival.
    Among many religions, a feast is a set of celebrations in honour of God or gods. A feast and a festival are historically interchangeable. However, the term «feast» has also entered common secular parlance as a synonym for any large or elaborate meal. When used as in the meaning of a festival, most often refers to a religious festival rather than a film or art festival.
    In the Philippines and many other former Spanish colonies, the Spanish word fiesta is used to denote a communal religious feast to honor a patron saint.
    In the Christian liturgical calendar there are two principal feasts, properly known as the Feast of the Nativity of our Lord and the Feast of the Resurrection,. In the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Anglican liturgical calendars there are a great number of lesser feasts throughout the year commemorating saints, sacred events, doctrines, etc.

Matched Categories

    • Festivity
    • Time Period

British National Corpus

  1. Spoken Corpus Frequency

    Rank popularity for the word ‘festival’ in Spoken Corpus Frequency: #3228

  2. Written Corpus Frequency

    Rank popularity for the word ‘festival’ in Written Corpus Frequency: #3899

  3. Nouns Frequency

    Rank popularity for the word ‘festival’ in Nouns Frequency: #1227

How to pronounce festival?

How to say festival in sign language?

Numerology

  1. Chaldean Numerology

    The numerical value of festival in Chaldean Numerology is: 4

  2. Pythagorean Numerology

    The numerical value of festival in Pythagorean Numerology is: 4

Examples of festival in a Sentence

  1. Rafael Lemaitre:

    What happened at Astroworld Festival this weekend was a horrific tragedy, and the families of victims deserve answers. There may well be criminal liability, and Astroworld Festival is why we continue to fully support the Houston Police Department’s criminal investigation, at the same time, Harris County continues its process of identifying a separate independent, third party to look into any operational or administrative steps — beyond anything criminal — that could have been taken to prevent this from happening.

  2. Hilary Swank:

    It’s wonderful to be back here in Tokyo. It’s such a beautiful city, and I love the people, culture, the food, it’s nice to be part of the Tokyo Film Festival.

  3. Samson Li:

    The real challenge is now … after the Spring Festival, how much the market could dry up.

  4. Regina Hansen:

    Probably the first thing we have that is related to Halloween is this Irish Celtic festival known as Samhain, which occurred at the end of October and this is often thought of as a new year celebration.

  5. Walter Kinzie:

    The festival concept is not completely dead, it will come back someday and it will be thriving. I think it’s irresponsible for it to come back right now, but I think there are some inspiring things that can happen here.

Popularity rank by frequency of use

Translations for festival

From our Multilingual Translation Dictionary

  • feesAfrikaans
  • عيد, مهرجانArabic
  • фестивал, празненствоBulgarian
  • festivalCzech
  • gŵylWelsh
  • festivalDanish
  • FestivalGerman
  • φεστιβάλGreek
  • festivaloEsperanto
  • festivalSpanish
  • jaiBasque
  • جشنواره, فستیوالPersian
  • festivaaliFinnish
  • festivalFrench
  • fleáIrish
  • féillScottish Gaelic
  • ઓચ્છવ, મહોચ્છવGujarati
  • ard-laaManx
  • पर्व, त्योहार, उत्सवHindi
  • fesztiválHungarian
  • փառատոն, տոնArmenian
  • festivalIndonesian
  • mostra, festival, rassegnaItalian
  • פסטיבלHebrew
  • 祭り, 祝祭, 祭典Japanese
  • ფესტივალიGeorgian
  • ಹಬ್ಬKannada
  • 축제, 祝祭Korean
  • festum, feria, festivitasLatin
  • taiopenga, hui taurimaMāori
  • festivalNorwegian
  • festivalDutch
  • festivalNorwegian Nynorsk
  • festivalNorwegian
  • festiwalPolish
  • festivalPortuguese
  • festivalRomanian
  • празднество, праздник, фестивальRussian
  • महोत्सवSanskrit
  • празник, festival, praznik, фестивалSerbo-Croatian
  • festivalSwedish
  • tamashaSwahili
  • திருவிழாTamil
  • పండుగTelugu
  • งานฉลอง, มหกรรมThai
  • şenlik, festivalTurkish
  • фестивальUkrainian
  • تہوارUrdu
  • đại hội liên hoan, hội diễn, ngày hộiVietnamese
  • פעסטיוואַלYiddish
  • 节Chinese

Get even more translations for festival »

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Источник

  • Defenition of the word festival

    • An organised series of acts and performances.
    • Manifestation of collective joy, lasting longer than a few minutes.
    • a day or period of time set aside for feasting and celebration
    • an organized series of acts and performances
    • an organized series of acts and performances (usually in one place); «a drama festival»
    • an organized series of acts and performances (usually in one place)

Synonyms for the word festival

    • feast
    • fete
    • fiesta

Hyponyms for the word festival

    • Bacchanalia
    • carnival
    • church festival
    • Dionysia
    • eisteddfod
    • film festival
    • jazz festival
    • Kwanza
    • Kwanzaa
    • Oktoberfest
    • religious festival
    • Saturnalia
    • sheepshearing

Hypernyms for the word festival

    • amount of time
    • celebration
    • festivity
    • period
    • period of time
    • time period

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Источник

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