What is the trendline in excel - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

Note: These steps apply to Office 2013 and newer versions. Looking for Office 2010 steps?

Add a trendline

Select a chart.
Select the + to the top right of the chart.
Select Trendline.

Note: Excel displays the Trendline option only if you select a chart that has more than one data series without selecting a data series.
In the Add Trendline dialog box, select any data series options you want, and click OK.

Format a trendline

Click anywhere in the chart.
On the Format tab, in the Current Selection group, select the trendline option in the dropdown list.
Click Format Selection.
In the Format Trendline pane, select a Trendline Option to choose the trendline you want for your chart. Formatting a trendline is a statistical way to measure data:
Set a value in the Forward and Backward fields to project your data into the future.

Add a moving average line

You can format your trendline to a moving average line.

Click anywhere in the chart.
On the Format tab, in the Current Selection group, select the trendline option in the dropdown list.
Click Format Selection.
In the Format Trendline pane, under Trendline Options, select Moving Average. Specify the points if necessary.

Note: The number of points in a moving average trendline equals the total number of points in the series less the number that you specify for the period.

Add a trend or moving average line to a chart in Office 2010

On an unstacked, 2-D, area, bar, column, line, stock, xy (scatter), or bubble chart, click the data series to which you want to add a trendline or moving average, or do the following to select the data series from a list of chart elements:
1. Click anywhere in the chart.
  
  This displays the Chart Tools, adding the Design, Layout, and Format tabs.
2. On the Format tab, in the Current Selection group, click the arrow next to the Chart Elements box, and then click the chart element that you want.
Note: If you select a chart that has more than one data series without selecting a data series, Excel displays the Add Trendline dialog box. In the list box, click the data series that you want, and then click OK.
On the Layout tab, in the Analysis group, click Trendline.

Do one of the following:

Click a predefined trendline option that you want to use.

Note: This applies a trendline without enabling you to select specific options.
Click More Trendline Options, and then in the Trendline Options category, under Trend/Regression Type, click the type of trendline that you want to use.

Use this type	To create
Linear	A linear trendline by using the following equation to calculate the least squares fit for a line: where m is the slope and b is the intercept.
Logarithmic	A logarithmic trendline by using the following equation to calculate the least squares fit through points: where c and b are constants, and ln is the natural logarithm function.
Polynomial	A polynomial or curvilinear trendline by using the following equation to calculate the least squares fit through points: where b and are constants.
Power	A power trendline by using the following equation to calculate the least squares fit through points: where c and b are constants. Note: This option is not available when your data includes negative or zero values.
Exponential	An exponential trendline by using the following equation to calculate the least squares fit through points: where c and b are constants, and e is the base of the natural logarithm. Note: This option is not available when your data includes negative or zero values.
Moving average	A moving average trendline by using the following equation: Note: The number of points in a moving average trendline equals the total number of points in the series less the number that you specify for the period.
R-squared value	A trendline that displays an R-squared value on a chart by using the following equation: This trendline option is available on the Options tab of the Add Trendline or Format Trendline dialog box. Note: The R-squared value that you can display with a trendline is not an adjusted R-squared value. For logarithmic, power, and exponential trendlines, Excel uses a transformed regression model.

If you select Polynomial, type the highest power for the independent variable in the Order box.
If you select Moving Average, type the number of periods that you want to use to calculate the moving average in the Period box.
If you add a moving average to an xy (scatter) chart, the moving average is based on the order of the x values plotted in the chart. To get the result that you want, you might have to sort the x values before you add a moving average.
If you add a trendline to a line, column, area, or bar chart, the trendline is calculated based on the assumption that the x values are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc.. This assumption is made whether the x-values are numeric or text. To base a trendline on numeric x values, you should use an xy (scatter) chart.
Excel automatically assigns a name to the trendline, but you can change it. In the Format Trendline dialog box, in the Trendline Options category, under Trendline Name, click Custom, and then type a name in the Custom box.

Tips:

You can also create a moving average, which smoothes out fluctuations in data and shows the pattern or trend more clearly.
If you change a chart or data series so that it can no longer support the associated trendline — for example, by changing the chart type to a 3-D chart or by changing the view of a PivotChart report or associated PivotTable report — the trendline no longer appears on the chart.
For line data without a chart, you can use AutoFill or one of the statistical functions, such as GROWTH() or TREND(), to create data for best-fit linear or exponential lines.

On an unstacked, 2-D, area, bar, column, line, stock, xy (scatter), or bubble chart, click the trendline that you want to change, or do the following to select it from a list of chart elements.
1. Click anywhere in the chart.
  
  This displays the Chart Tools, adding the Design, Layout, and Format tabs.
2. On the Format tab, in the Current Selection group, click the arrow next to the Chart Elements box, and then click the chart element that you want.
On the Layout tab, in the Analysis group, click Trendline, and then click More Trendline Options.
To change the color, style, or shadow options of the trendline, click the Line Color, Line Style, or Shadow category, and then select the options that you want.

On an unstacked, 2-D, area, bar, column, line, stock, xy (scatter), or bubble chart, click the trendline that you want to change, or do the following to select it from a list of chart elements.
1. Click anywhere in the chart.
  
  This displays the Chart Tools, adding the Design, Layout, and Format tabs.
2. On the Format tab, in the Current Selection group, click the arrow next to the Chart Elements box, and then click the chart element that you want.
On the Layout tab, in the Analysis group, click Trendline, and then click More Trendline Options.
To specify the number of periods that you want to include in a forecast, under Forecast, click a number in the Forward periods or Backward periods box.

On an unstacked, 2-D, area, bar, column, line, stock, xy (scatter), or bubble chart, click the trendline that you want to change, or do the following to select it from a list of chart elements.
1. Click anywhere in the chart.
  
  This displays the Chart Tools, adding the Design, Layout, and Format tabs.
2. On the Format tab, in the Current Selection group, click the arrow next to the Chart Elements box, and then click the chart element that you want.
On the Layout tab, in the Analysis group, click Trendline, and then click More Trendline Options.
Select the Set Intercept = check box, and then in the Set Intercept = box, type the value to specify the point on the vertical (value) axis where the trendline crosses the axis.

Note: You can do this only when you use an exponential, linear, or polynomial trendline.

On an unstacked, 2-D, area, bar, column, line, stock, xy (scatter), or bubble chart, click the trendline that you want to change, or do the following to select it from a list of chart elements.
1. Click anywhere in the chart.
  
  This displays the Chart Tools, adding the Design, Layout, and Format tabs.
2. On the Format tab, in the Current Selection group, click the arrow next to the Chart Elements box, and then click the chart element that you want.
On the Layout tab, in the Analysis group, click Trendline, and then click More Trendline Options.
To display the trendline equation on the chart, select the Display Equation on chart check box.

Note: You cannot display trendline equations for a moving average.

Tip: The trendline equation is rounded to make it more readable. However, you can change the number of digits for a selected trendline label in the Decimal places box on the Number tab of the Format Trendline Label dialog box. (Format tab, Current Selection group, Format Selection button).

On an unstacked, 2-D, area, bar, column, line, stock, xy (scatter), or bubble chart, click the trendline for which you want to display the R-squared value, or do the following to select the trendline from a list of chart elements:
1. Click anywhere in the chart.
  
  This displays the Chart Tools, adding the Design, Layout, and Format tabs.
2. On the Format tab, in the Current Selection group, click the arrow next to the Chart Elements box, and then click the chart element that you want.
On the Layout tab, in the Analysis group, click Trendline, and then click More Trendline Options.
On the Trendline Options tab, select Display R-squared value on chart.

Note: You cannot display an R-squared value for a moving average.

On an unstacked, 2-D, area, bar, column, line, stock, xy (scatter), or bubble chart, click the trendline that you want to remove, or do the following to select the trendline from a list of chart elements:
1. Click anywhere in the chart.
  
  This displays the Chart Tools, adding the Design, Layout, and Format tabs.
2. On the Format tab, in the Current Selection group, click the arrow next to the Chart Elements box, and then click the chart element that you want.
Do one of the following:
1. On the Layout tab, in the Analysis group, click Trendline, and then click None.
2. Press DELETE.

Tip: You can also remove a trendline immediately after you add it to the chart by clicking Undo on the Quick Access Toolbar, or by pressing CTRL+Z.

Источник

Trendline is applied for illustrating price change trends. The element of technical analysis is a geometrical representation of the mean values of the analyzed indicator.

Here’s how to add a trendline to a chart in Excel.

Adding a trendline to a chart

For example, let’s take average oil prices since 2000 from open sources. Type the analysis data in the spreadsheet:

Create a chart based on the spreadsheet. Select the range A1:P2 and click on the «Insert»-«Charts»-«Insert Line Chart»-«Line». Choose a simple graph out of the offered chart types. The horizontal direction represents year, and the vertical one shows price.

Right-click the chart itself. Click «Add Trendline».

The window for setting line parameters opens. Select the line type and enter R-squared value (the approximation accuracy value) in the chart.

A skew line appears on the chart.

Trendline in Excel is an approximating function chart. It is used for making predictions based on statistical data. To this end, we need to extend the line and determine its values.

If R2 = 1, the approximation error is zero. In our example, the choice of the linear approximation has given a low accuracy and poor result. The prediction will be inaccurate.

Note: that a trendline can not be added to the following types of charts and graphs:

radar;
circular;
surface;
doughnut;
stereogram;
stacked.

Equation of trendline in Excel

In the example above the linear approximation has been chosen only for illustrating the algorithm. The R-squared value demonstrates that the choice has not been successful.

It is necessary to choose the type of representation that will best illustrates the trend of changes in the data entered by the user. Let’s examine the options.

Linear approximation

Its geometric representation is a straight line. Hence, linear approximation is used to illustrate the indicator which increases or decreases at a constant rate.

Let’s consider the conditional number of contracts concluded by a manager for 10 months:

Based on the Excel spreadsheet data make a scatter chart (it will help illustrate a linear type):

Based.

Highlight the chart, select «Add Trendline». In the settings, select the linear type. Add the R-squared value and the equation of a trendline (simply tick the box at the bottom of the «Options» window).

We get the result:

Note that in the linear approximation type data points are located very close to the line. This type uses the following equation:

y = 4,503x + 6,1333

where 4,503 – slope indicator;
6,1333 — offset;
y — sequence of values,
x — period number.

The straight line on the graph shows a steady increase in the quality of the manager’s job. The R-squared value is equal to 0.9929, indicating a good agreement between the calculated straight line and the source data. Forecasts must be accurate.

To predict the number of concluded contracts, for example, in period 11, it is necessary to put number 11 instead of x in the equation. After calculating, we find out that in period 11 the manager will conclude 55-56 contracts.

The exponential trendline

This type is useful if the input values change with increasing speed. Exponential approximation is not applied if there are zero or negative characteristics.

Let’s create an exponential trendline in Excel. Take for example the conditional values of electric power supply in X region:

values.

Make the chart «Line with Markers». Add the exponential line.

The equation is as follows:

y = 7,6403е^-0,084x

where:

7.6403 and -0.084 – constants;
e – base of natural logarithm.

The indicator of R-squared value is 0.938, which means that the curve corresponds to the data, the error is minimal, and the forecasts will be accurate.

Logarithmic trendline and sales forecast

It is used for the following indicator changes: first, rapid growth or decrease, then — relative stability. The optimized curve adapts well to this value «behavior». The logarithmic trend is suitable for forecasting sales of a new product that has just entered the market.

The initial task of the manufacturer is to expand the customer base. When the goods have their buyer, it will be necessary to hold and serve him.

Make a chart and add a logarithmic trend line for a conditional product sales forecast:

R2 is close in value to 1 (0.9558), indicating the minimum error of approximation. Let’s forecast sales volume for further periods. To do this, put period number instead of x in the equation.

For example:

To calculate forecast figures we use the formula: =304.52*LN(A18)+101.57, where A18 is period number.

Polynomial trendline in Excel

This curve features alternate increase and decrease. The degree (by the number of minimum and maximum values) is determined for polynomials. For example, one extreme (minimum and maximum) is the second degree, two extremes make the third degree, three extremes – the fourth one.

A polynomial trend in Excel is used for the analysis of a large data set of unstable value. Let’s look at the example of the first set of values (oil prices).

Table of oil price dynamics by years:

Year	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
Price per barrel	28.30	24.40	25.00	28.90	38.30	54.40	65.40	72.70	97.70	61.90	79.60	111.00	111.40	108.80	98.90	52.40

Download examples of graphs with a trendline

To get this R-squared value (0.9252), we had to put the sixth degree.

However, this trend allows for making more or less accurate predictions.

Источник

Excel makes it easy to do all of this. A trendline (or line of best fit) is a straight or curved line which visualizes the general direction of the values. They’re typically used to show a trend over time. In this article, we’ll cover how to add different trendlines, format them, and extend them for future data.

Contents

1 What is a trendline and why is it useful?
2 What does a trendline tell you on a graph?
3 How does Excel calculate trendline?
4 How do you use a trendline?
5 What is a trend line?
6 How do you explain a trend?
7 How do you identify a trend line?
8 How do you know which trendline to use?
9 What is the difference between trend and forecast in Excel?
10 Is a trend line the same as a line of best fit?
11 How do you find the full trendline in Excel?
12 What happens when a trendline is broken?
13 Is there a downward trend?
14 What does the slope of a trendline mean?
15 How do you know if your uptrend or downtrend?
16 Is a trendline an average?
17 Is Excel trendline accurate?
18 What are the 3 types of trend analysis?
19 What is linear forecast trendline in Excel?
20 Why is trend line forecasting important?

What is a trendline and why is it useful?

Trendlines are easily recognizable lines that traders draw on charts to connect a series of prices together or show some data’s best fit. The resulting line is then used to give the trader a good idea of the direction in which an investment’s value might move.

What does a trendline tell you on a graph?

A trend line (also called the line of best fit) is a line we add to a graph to show the general direction in which points seem to be going. Think of a “trend” as a pattern in math. The trend line is something we add to our graph to make the pattern even clearer.

How does Excel calculate trendline?

Open the internal datasheet and add a new series, e.g., “Trendline 1”. Calculate the first value of the trendline using the TREND function: type ” =TREND( ” or use the Insert Function (fx) menu in Excel. Select all “known y” values and press F4 (e.g., “$B$3:$D$3”).

How do you use a trendline?

So here’s what you’ve learned:

When you draw a Trend Line: 1) Focus on the major swing points 2) Connect the major swing points 3) Adjust the Trend Line and get as many touches as possible.
The steepness of a Trend Line gives you clues about the market condition so you can adjust your trading strategy accordingly.

What is a trend line?

A trend line is a straight line that connects two or more price points and then extends into the future to act as a line of support or resistance. Many of the principles applicable to support and resistance levels can be applied to trend lines as well.

How do you explain a trend?

Adverbs used when describing trends

sharply, rapidly, quickly, steeply.
considerably, significantly, substantially.
steadily, gradually, moderately.
slightly, slowly.

How do you identify a trend line?

Summary

trend lines are drawn at an angle and are used to determine a trend and help make trading decisions.
in an uptrend, trend lines are drawn below the price and in a downtrend, trend lines are drawn above the price.
to draw a trend line in an uptrend, two lows must be connected by a straight line.

How do you know which trendline to use?

Choosing the Best Trendline for Your Data
You want to choose a reliable trendline. A trendline is most reliable when its R-squared value is at or near 1. When you fit a trendline to your data, Excel automatically calculates the trendline’s R-squared value. If you want, you can display the value on your chart.

What is the difference between trend and forecast in Excel?

The difference between TREND and FORECAST in Excel is as follows: The FORECAST function can only predict future values based on the existing values. The TREND function can calculate both current and future trends.

Is a trend line the same as a line of best fit?

What is the Line of Best Fit? The line of best fit (or trendline) is an educated guess about where a linear equation might fall in a set of data plotted on a scatter plot.

How do you find the full trendline in Excel?

Display more digits

Open the worksheet that contains the chart.
Right-click the trendline equation or the R-squared text, and then click Format Trendline Label.
Click Number.
In the Category list, click Number, and then change the Decimal places setting to 30 or less.
Click Close.

What happens when a trendline is broken?

Once a rising trendline is broken, that trendline becomes a resistance for the price. Similarly, once a falling trendline is broken, that trendline becomes a support for the price. If you don’t catch the initial breakout above or below a trendline, don’t chase the market.

Is there a downward trend?

If you refer to a downward trend, you mean that something is decreasing or that a situation is getting worse.

What does the slope of a trendline mean?

What does this number mean? The slope of a line is the change in y produced by a 1 unit increase in x. For our example, the trend line would predict that if someone was 1-year older (x increases by 1), then they would be about 5.76 cm taller (y increases by 5.76). Page 2.

How do you know if your uptrend or downtrend?

Identifying Trends
Uptrend: If you can connect a series of chart low points sloping upward, you have an uptrend. An uptrend is always characterized by higher highs and higher lows. Downtrend: If you can connect a series of chart high points sloping downward, you have a downtrend.

Is a trendline an average?

The simplest form of trendline is the moving average. It is called a moving average because you choose a window (known as the period) and for each point of your data you average the points around it to create a new, averaged value.There are obvious advantages and disadvantages to using moving averages for trendlines.

Is Excel trendline accurate?

The equation that is displayed for a trendline on an XY Scatter chart in Microsoft Excel is incorrect.Trendline equation is a formula that finds a line that best fits the data points. R-squared value measures the trendline reliability – the nearer R2 is to 1, the better the trendline fits the data.

What are the 3 types of trend analysis?

There are three main types of trends: short-, intermediate- and long-term.

What is linear forecast trendline in Excel?

The FORECAST (or FORECAST. LINEAR) function in Excel predicts a future value along a linear trend. The FORECAST. ETS function in Excel predicts a future value using Exponential Triple Smoothing, which takes into account seasonality.

Why is trend line forecasting important?

Trend forecasting is a complicated but useful way to look at past sales or market growth, determine possible trends from that data and use the information to extrapolate what could happen in the future. Marketing experts typically use trend forecasting to help determine potential future sales growth.

Источник

Содержание

Trendline in Excel on different charts
Adding a trendline to a chart
Equation of trendline in Excel
Linear approximation
The exponential trendline
Logarithmic trendline and sales forecast
Polynomial trendline in Excel
Add a trend or moving average line to a chart
Add a trendline
Format a trendline
Add a moving average line
Add a trend or moving average line to a chart in Office 2010
Add a trendline
Remove a trendline
Need more help?

Trendline in Excel on different charts

Trendline is applied for illustrating price change trends. The element of technical analysis is a geometrical representation of the mean values of the analyzed indicator.

Here’s how to add a trendline to a chart in Excel.

Adding a trendline to a chart

For example, let’s take average oil prices since 2000 from open sources. Type the analysis data in the spreadsheet:

Create a chart based on the spreadsheet. Select the range A1:P2 and click on the «Insert»-«Charts»-«Insert Line Chart»-«Line». Choose a simple graph out of the offered chart types. The horizontal direction represents year, and the vertical one shows price.
Right-click the chart itself. Click «Add Trendline».
The window for setting line parameters opens. Select the line type and enter R-squared value (the approximation accuracy value) in the chart.
A skew line appears on the chart.

Trendline in Excel is an approximating function chart. It is used for making predictions based on statistical data. To this end, we need to extend the line and determine its values.

If R2 = 1, the approximation error is zero. In our example, the choice of the linear approximation has given a low accuracy and poor result. The prediction will be inaccurate.

Note: that a trendline can not be added to the following types of charts and graphs:

Equation of trendline in Excel

In the example above the linear approximation has been chosen only for illustrating the algorithm. The R-squared value demonstrates that the choice has not been successful.

It is necessary to choose the type of representation that will best illustrates the trend of changes in the data entered by the user. Let’s examine the options.