What is the plural of the word data

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Summary

The word data is now generally treated as singular, much like the word information (all the data you need is on this drive). Its use as a plural word is now restricted mainly to academic and scientific writing (the data are inconclusive). When using this word, check whether you want to convey the sense of a plural noun (the data indicate that . . .) or a singular mass noun (the data has been downloaded).

Data: Singular or plural?

Data can be either singular or plural, though it is now more often used as a singular word. The word data came into English as the plural of the Latin word datum, which means “a single piece of information.” Over time, data became synonymous with “information”: it then became a singular word in its own right, no longer simply a plural.

Examples

  • Singular: The data is unreliable.
  • Singular: Our data indicates that dogs like ice-cream.
  • Plural: The data are all from the same source.
  • Plural: Our data indicate that cats like country music.

Although traditionalists prefer retaining the plural meaning of data, standard dictionaries agree that data can now be used as singular. Merriam-Webster lists data as a word that is “plural in form, but singular or plural in construction,” providing examples of both singular and plural usage. Oxford meanwhile simply lists data as a mass noun, noting that in technical fields, the word is still treated as plural. Cambridge also lists data as a noun that can be used with both singular and plural verbs.

Data as singular

Data is now generally considered singular and used to mean information. It is no longer used only as the plural of datum but stands on its own as a singular mass noun. It then agrees with singular verbs and pronouns.

Examples

  • Data for this year is not available, but it is available for last year.
  • Our data shows that incidents of violent crime have declined over the last decade.

When the word data is considered singular, it is used with determiners and quantifiers used with mass nouns (this, much, little).

Examples

  • There is little data available for verification.
  • Much of the data released is questionable.

Data as plural

In academic and scientific papers, data generally retains its meaning as the plural of datum. It is then used with plural verbs and pronouns.

Examples

  • The data are ready to be presented in graphs and figures.
  • Acme Inc.’s earnings data have just been released.
  • After population data were collected, they were cross-referenced and published.

Note that when data is considered plural, it is used with plural determiners and quantifiers like these, many, and few.

Examples

  • These data come from various sources.
  • Only a few of the data published are as yet unverified.

Note

Interestingly, cardinal numbers are not used before data, even when it is a plural noun.

Examples

  • Incorrect: Poco has updated four data in the file.
    Correct: Poco has updated four points of data in the file.
  • Incorrect: Four hundred data are ready to be shown in graphs and figures.
    Correct: Four hundred sets of data are ready to be shown in graphs and figures.

This behavior—the inability to take a number—is similar to that of mass nouns.

How to correctly use the word data

In speech and nonscientific writing, use data as singular rather than plural. In writing for a general audience, “data is” sounds more natural than “data are,” which can sound overly formal and pedantic.

Examples

  • The data from his brain has been downloaded into a computer.
  • When data is organized in tabular format, it can easily be analyzed.
  • All the data that makes up a human life is now stored in the cloud.

Sometimes, you may want to convey the sense of a plural word. Using data as a plural noun can help suggest discreteness. This can be useful in scientific writing, where it is important to focus on the individual pieces of information that make up a data set.

Examples

  • The data indicate that the fiscal measures implemented by various states are working.

    discrete pieces of data from different states

  • Genetic data are linkable to individual participants, thus raising concerns of privacy.
  • The data used in this study have been collected through various methodologies.

Caution

Data may be singular or plural (the data is/are . . .), but the word datas does not exist.

Chicago, AP, APA style

Many major style manuals now allow for data to be used as a singular noun. The Chicago Manual of Style considers it acceptable to use data as singular, admitting that treating the word as plural can sound pedantic. It does recommend using data as a plural word in the sciences.

The AP Stylebook also suggests using data as singular when writing for a general audience, but still recommends using it as plural in academic texts.

In contrast, the APA Publication Manual recommends restricting data to plural usage. This advice is consistent with the general recommendation to treat data as plural in academic writing, given that APA style is preferred in the social sciences.

Examples from published content

Here are some examples from published content that illustrate how data is generally considered singular.

Examples

  • He says the data is likely being used for further malicious hacking campaigns.

    — “How your personal

    data is

    being scraped from social media,” BBC News (2021)

  • Companies say the data is shared only with vetted partners.

    — “Twelve Million Phones, One Dataset, Zero Privacy,” New York Times (2019)

  • Real-world driving data from connected cars is both a treasure trove and a mine-field for auto insurers.
  • What type of data is available on Data.nasa.gov?

In academic writing, the word data is often treated as plural, not only because it sounds more formal but also to convey a sense of plurality: to emphasize the individual pieces of information that comprise a data set.

Examples

  • Available meteorological data include wind speed and direction. . . . These data are available from the Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute.
  • Vector data are composed of points, polylines, and polygons.

Metadata, a word that refers to data about other data, is also used as both singular and plural, though it is most often used as a singular mass noun. Like the word data (from which metadata was derived), metadata is generally treated as plural only in formal texts, such as scientific and academic papers.

Examples

  • Singular: The metadata changes whenever the data is changed.
  • Singular: Metadata is often useful for accounting and forensic purposes.
  • Plural: Metadata are incredibly useful for providing context to a set of data.
  • Plural: Metadata provide information not provided by the data itself.

As with data, metadata is more often used as singular than plural. Check whether you want to convey the meaning of a singular entity (a single set of metadata) or a plural word (the various pieces of information that make up the metadata). Also note that using metadata as plural can sound stuffy and pedantic in everyday usage.

Here are some examples from published content that show how metadata can be used as both singular and plural.

Examples

  • Singular: Metadata is implacable, unreasoning, unironic.
  • Singular: But metadata is not the only thing hidden in your photos.
  • Singular: Descriptive metadata provides information about the intellectual content of a digital object.
  • Plural: Metadata are included to provide context or extended information that is outside of the scope of data itself, for example, author information, or time stamps beyond those on the local file system.

Other Latin plurals

Latin plurals generally retain their plural behavior in English: radius/radii, bacterium/bacteria, phylum/phyla. Two notable exceptions (other than data) are agenda and media.

Agenda started out as the plural of the Latin agendum. Today in English, it is used as a singular word instead.

Examples

  • What is/are Poco’s agenda for today’s meeting?
  • Farley’s agenda is/are to make the world a better place.

Agenda even has its own English plural: agendas.

Examples

  • The NGOs all had their own agendas.
  • Our methods were the same, though our agendas were different.

Media, as many know, is the plural of medium. But when used to refer to mass communication, it may be considered either singular or plural.

Examples

  • The media has found its scapegoat.

    • also

  • New media have significantly affected twenty-first-century politics.

Many words that come to English from other languages retain their singular and plural identities. For example, the Greek criteria is the plural of the singular criterion: one criterion, many criteria. Through usage, however, data, agenda, and media, now have their own singular identities.

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What Is the Plural of Data?

Monty Rakusen / Getty Images


Updated on August 13, 2018

The word “data” shows up throughout statistics. There are many different classifications of data. Data can be quantitative or qualitative, discrete or continuous. Despite the common use of the word data, it is frequently misused. The primary problem with the use of this term stems from a lack of knowledge about whether the word data is singular or plural.

If data is a singular word, then what is the plural of data? This question is actually the wrong one to ask. This is because the word data is already plural. The real question we should ask is, “What is the singular form of the word data?” The answer to this question is “datum.” 

It turns out that this occurs for a very interesting reason. To explain why we will need to go a little deeper into the world of dead languages.

A Little Bit of Latin

We begin with the history of the word datum. The word datum is from the Latin language. Datum is a noun, and in Latin, the term datum means “something given.” This noun is from the second declension in Latin. This means that all nouns of this form that have a singular form ending with -um have a plural form that ends in -a. Although this may seem strange, it is similar to a common rule in English. Most singular nouns are made plural by adding an «s», or perhaps «es,» to the end of the word.

What all this Latin grammar means is that the plural of datum is data. So it is correct to speak of one datum and several data.

Data and Datum

Although some treat the word data as a collective noun referring to a collection of information, most writing in statistics recognizes the origin of the word. A single piece of information is a datum, more than one are data. As a consequence of data being a plural word, it is correct to speak and write about “these data” rather than “this data.” Along these same lines, we would say that «the data are… » rather than «the data is… »

One way to dodge this issue is to consider all of the data as a set. Then we can talk about a singular set of data.

Spot the Examples of Misuse

A brief quiz may further help to sort out the correct way to use the term data. Below are five statements. Determine which two are incorrect.

  1. The data set was used by everyone in the statistics class.
  2. The data was used by everyone in the statistics class.
  3. The data were used by everyone in the statistics class.
  4. The data set were used by everyone in the statistics class.
  5. The data from the set were used by everyone in the statistics class. 

Statement #2 does not treat data as a plural, and so it is incorrect. Statement #4 incorrectly treats the word set as a plural, whereas it is singular. The rest of the statements are correct. Statement #5 is somewhat tricky because the word set is part of the prepositional phrase «from the set.»

Grammar and Statistics

There are not many places where the topics of grammar and statistics intersect, but this is one important one. With a little practice, it becomes easy to correctly use the words data and datum.

Источник

Now that we’re in the information age, data is everything. Or is it data are everything? Language is dynamic, and the singularity or plurality of a word changes over time. 

Datum vs. data is a common conflict among style guides and dictionaries. Stick with me to learn when you should use data is or are, data was or were, and this data or these data.

Is Data Singular or Plural?

The usage of the word data should be plural, although it’s now acceptable as a singular noun. Style guides have different recommendations, like only using it as a singular mass noun in non-scientific contexts.

Is it Data Is or Data Are?

Data are is the right way to use the noun in a sentence because it’s in plural form. In the same way, when choosing between data was or were, the correct form is data were. Between this data or these data, it’s these data.

How to Correctly Use the Word Data

The dictionary entry from the Merriam-Webster Dictionary states that data is a piece of factual information used as a basis for discussion, reasoning, or calculation. It regards the noun as both singular and plural.

According to the Wall Street Journal, many standard dictionaries and books on language now accept data as singular and plural. The grammatical rules have evolved from using the singular Latin noun datum to using data for a collection of information. 

That means these two examples can be correct:

  • The data is in the flash drive. (Referring to a collection of information).
  • The data are in the flash drive. (Referring to more than one datum).

Datum is a singular Latin noun that means a single piece of information–for example:

  • Every datum lets you track the location of your item.

As time went by, data became a synonym for the word information. This instance made the word an acceptable form of the singular mass noun. 

Guardian style guru David Marsh says it’s like the word agenda, which used to be plural for agendum. Now, agendum seems “hypercorrect” and “old-fashioned.”

However, some do not agree about data being an uncountable noun. Major style manuals like the Publication Manual are firm with sophisticated rules like datum as singular and data as plural.

Here are some examples:

  • This datum is irrelevant to our primary intent.
  • These data are irrelevant to our primary intent.

Some recommend using data as a plural noun in scientific fields and programming languages. Note that it’s critical to focus on individual pieces of information when you’re discussing a data set in science. 

Meanwhile, language pedants think data as a singular noun should be left for everyday speech. But it sounds better and less “formal” among the natural languages–for example:

  • Is that the data containing the demographic information of the residents? 
  • I conducted an informal Twitter poll, and the current data is predictable. 

In short, the actual usage of data is or data or depends on which style guide you’re following or the field where you’re working. It remains a significant style issue that experts disagree on. So, it’s safe to say there’s no single proper usage of data.

It’s also helpful to remember that data set is made of two words, while database is only one word–for example:

  • We need six more data sets to complete this matrix.
  • The university is planning to produce a database of research articles. 

Is Data Singular or Plural in AP Style?

AP Stylebook posted once on Twitter about the word data. According to them, “the word data typically takes singular verbs and pronouns when writing for general audiences, nonscientific writing, and data journalism contexts.”

In everyday usage, you can say, “the data is reasonable” or “the data we collected is not yet enough.” But the style guru continued, “In academic and scientific writing, plural verbs and nouns are preferred.”

In research or scientific fields, you should say data are instead of data is. For example, an academician could say, “the data gathered for this study represent the whole population.” Represent is in plural form because its subject, data, is treated as a plural, countable noun. You’ll often notice this with scientific writing as well as financial writing.

Is Data Plural or Singular in the UK?

The debate on datum vs. data is not affected by the geographical varieties of the English language. British usage also uses data as singular in newspapers and other non-scientific disciplines. But British Scientific publishers still prefer data as a plural noun. 

Examples of “Data Is” in a Sentence

By the time the data is published, copycat investors would have made an annualised loss of almost 10 per cent. [Financial Times]

Obama’s campaign staff members said that all that data is not gathered to shape the message. [Washington Post]

Android phone location data is about to get a lot more accurate. Qualcomm will use a Trimble RTX-based correction service with Snapdragon chips. [Engadget]

“Data is power,” says Essex County pharmacist Tim Brady, but only when it’s taken with a grain of salt. [CTV News]

Examples of “Data Are” in a Sentence

Data are still being analyzed but will be ready to present at the conference. [Denver Post]

Money data are not everything. [Telegraph]

From a statistical point of view the data are related to a nonlinear mixed effects model involving repeated measures. [British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology]

We show that Howrey’s method for producing economic forecasts when data are subject to revision is easily generalized to handle the case where data are produced by a sophisticated statistical agency. [Journal of Business and Economic Statistics]

Because COVID-19 data were not yet provided on any public-health agency’s website, they looked elsewhere, including on Facebook and Twitter posts and in one-off news and media announcements. [Nature]

Data is Both Singular and Plural

The debate on data is or are, data was or were, and this data or these data is still ongoing. Differentiating between datum vs. data also remains tricky.

If you’re a scientific writer or just a language pedant, use datum for the singular form and data for the plural form. But if casual English is enough for you, use data as both singular and plural. Learn more confusing but straightforward words like compress vs. compress and record vs. record on our site! And let us know if you have additional questions. 

Источник

The answer is – both.

The word “data” is a Latin word. It is the plural of “datum”.

“Data” means facts or information; “datum” means one fact or a single item of information.

“Data” and “datum” are usually used to refer to statistical information or information subject to analysis.

“Data” is used far more commonly than “datum” and in a wider range of contexts.

“Datum” is unlikely to appear outside of specialist scientific or academic writing.

As “data” is a plural countable noun in Latin, many people take the view that it should be used in the same way in English. Thus it requires plural verb forms, pronouns and quantifiers, e.g.:

Many of those data have already been entered into the system.
When we have received the data we can start to analyse them.
There are very few data in the set.

This usage is practical for scientific or academic writing because it allows for the use of the singular “datum”.

However, it is increasingly common to use “data” as a singular uncountable noun, as follows:

Much of that data has already been entered into the system.
When we have received the data we can start to analyse it.
There is very little data in the set.

This usage doesn’t really allow for the use of the singular “datum”, so may lack precision in certain contexts.

Usage of “data” as a singular uncountable noun – in the same way as “information” – is now generally accepted in everyday English, so much so that using the word as a plural countable noun can sound incorrect. However, in much scientific and academic writing, where precision is obviously more important, it still tends to be used as a plural countable noun.

It is your choice how to use it in business or legal writing. My preference would be – as always – to use the everyday English version – “data is” – and that is increasingly the preference of contemporary grammarians. But your choice may depend on the context: if you’re writing a quick email to a native English speaker – use “data is”, or if you’re drafting a formal legal opinion on the results of a specific data analysis – use “data are”.

Also see my post on How to use the word “information”

Источник

English[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • D (electronics)

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”). Doublet of date.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (UK, Ireland, US)
    • enPR: dā’tə, IPA(key): /ˈdeɪtə/
    • Homophone: dater (in non-rhotic dialects)
    • Rhymes: -eɪtə
  • (US, Canada, Ireland)
    • enPR: dă’tə, IPA(key): /ˈdætə/, [ˈdæɾə]
    • Rhymes: -ætə
  • (General Australian, New Zealand, General South African, UK formal)
    • enPR: dä’tə
      • (General South African, UK formal) IPA(key): /ˈdɑːtə/
      • (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA(key): /ˈdɐːtə/, [ˈdäːɾə]
    • Homophones: darter (in non-rhotic dialects), daughter (in non-rhotic accents with the cot–caught merger)
    • Rhymes: -ɑːtə
  • (General Australian, New Zealand, variant) IPA(key): /ˈdæɪtə/, [ˈdæɪɾə]
  • (General South African, variant) IPA(key): /ˈdee̝tə/

Noun[edit]

data

A spreadsheet containing a data table and a graph.
  1. plural of datum

    • 1692, William Molyneux; Edmund Halley, Dioptrica nova‎[1], London: Benj. Tooke, page 100:

      First from these Data, let us obtain the Breadth of the Glass e z

  2. (collectively, uncountable) Information, especially in a scientific or computational context, or with the implication that it is organized.

    The raw information was processed and placed into a database so the data could be accessed more quickly.

    • 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page vii:

      With fresh material, taxonomic conclusions are leavened by recognition that the material examined reflects the site it occupied; a herbarium packet gives one only a small fraction of the data desirable for sound conclusions. Herbarium material does not, indeed, allow one to extrapolate safely: what you see is what you get […]

    • 2013 June 22, “Snakes and ladders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 76:

      Risk is everywhere. […] For each one there is a frighteningly precise measurement of just how likely it is to jump from the shadows and get you. “The Norm Chronicles” […] aims to help data-phobes find their way through this blizzard of risks.

  3. (collectively) Recorded observations that are usually presented in a structured format.
  4. (computing) A representation of facts or ideas in a formalized manner capable of being communicated or manipulated by some process.
  6. (mobile telephony) Ellipsis of mobile data: digital information transmitted using the cellular telephone network rather than Wi-Fi.

    run out of data

Usage notes[edit]

  • This word is more often used as an uncountable noun with a singular verb than as a plural noun with singular datum. Usage as a plural noun with a plural verb is far more common in formal contexts.
  • In geodetic contexts, the word is used exclusively as an uncountable with the singular datum having the plural datums to replace it.
  • The definition of data in the computing context is from an international standard vocabulary and is meant to distinguish data from information. However, this distinction is largely ignored by the computing profession.[2]

Hyponyms[edit]

  • big data
  • metadata
  • primary data
  • raw data

Derived terms[edit]

  • data dredging
  • data recorder
  • data-driven
  • databank
  • database
  • datafy
  • datalogger
  • datapath
  • dataset
  • datasheet, data sheet
  • flight data recorder
  • metadata

[edit]

  • data acquisition
  • data analysis
  • data domain
  • data element
  • data entry
  • data farming
  • data hiding
  • data integrity
  • data maintenance
  • data management
  • data mining
  • data modeling
  • data path, datapath
  • data processing
  • data recovery
  • data set
  • data sink
  • data source
  • data visualization
  • data warehouse

Descendants[edit]

  • → Turkish: data

Translations[edit]

information

  • Afrikaans: data (af)
  • Albanian: të dhëna f pl
  • Amharic: ውሂብ (wəhib)
  • Apache:
    Western Apache: beʼígózíni yíka ntaahí
  • Arabic: بَيَانَات‎ (ar) f pl (bayānāt), مَعْلُومَات‎ (ar) f pl (maʕlūmāt), مُعْطَيَات‎ m pl (muʕṭayāt)
  • Armenian: տվյալներ (hy) pl (tvyalner)
  • Azerbaijani: verilənlər pl, məlumat (az)
  • Bashkir: мәғлүмәт (mäğlümät)
  • Belarusian: да́ныя n pl (dányja), да́дзеныя n pl (dádzjenyja)
  • Bengali: উপাত্ত (bn) (upatto)
  • Bulgarian: да́нни (bg) n pl (dánni)
  • Burmese: အချက်အလက် (my) (a.hkyak-a.lak)
  • Catalan: informació (ca) f, dades (ca) f pl
  • Chinese:
    Cantonese: 數據／数据 (sou3 geoi3), 資料／资料 (zi1 liu6-2)
    Mandarin: 數據／数据 (zh) (shùjù), 資料／资料 (zh) (zīliào)
    Min Nan: 數據／数据 (zh-min-nan) (sò͘-kì, sò͘-kù), 資料／资料 (zh-min-nan) (chu-liāu)
  • Chuvash: панӑлӑхсем (panălăhsem)
  • Czech: data (cs) n pl, údaje m pl
  • Danish: data n
  • Dutch: , gegevens (nl) n pl, informatie (nl) f, data (nl) n pl
  • Esperanto: datumo, informo, dateno
  • Estonian: andmed pl
  • Faroese: dáta f
  • Finnish: tieto (fi), data (fi)
  • French: données (fr) f pl
  • Georgian: მონაცემები pl (monacemebi), ცნობები pl (cnobebi), ფაქტები pl (pakṭebi), ინფორმაცია (inpormacia)
  • German: Daten (de) n pl, Informationseinheiten (de) f pl
  • Greek: δεδομένα (el) n pl (dedoména)
  • Hebrew: נְתוּנִים‎ pl (netunim)
  • Hindi: डेटा m (ḍeṭā), डाटा m (ḍāṭā), आँकड़ा (hi) m (ā̃kṛā)
  • Hungarian: adat (hu)
  • Icelandic: gögn n pl
  • Ido: datumi (io) pl, donaji (io) pl, donataji pl
  • Indonesian: data (id), informasi (id)
  • Irish: sonraí m pl
  • Italian: dato (it) m
  • Japanese: , 資料 (ja) (しりょう, shiryō), 統計 (ja) (とうけい, tōkei), 情報 (ja) (じょうほう, jōhō), データ (ja) (dēta)
  • Kazakh: деректер pl (derekter), мәліметтер pl (mälımetter), мағлұмат (mağlūmat)
  • Khmer: ទិន្នន័យ (km) (tɨnnĕəʼnɨy)
  • Korean: 자료(資料) (ko) (jaryo), 데이터 (ko) (deiteo), 정보(情報) (ko) (jeongbo)
  • Kurdish:
    Central Kurdish: زانیاری‎ (zanyarî), داتا‎ (ckb) (data)
    Northern Kurdish: dane (ku), agahî (ku)
  • Kyrgyz: маалыматтар (ky) pl (maalımattar), берилиштер pl (berilişter)
  • Lao: ຂໍ້ມູນ (lo) (khǭ mūn)
  • Latvian: dati pl
  • Lithuanian: duomenys (lt) m pl
  • Macedonian: податоци m pl (podatoci)
  • Malay: data
  • Malayalam: ദത്തം (ml) (dattaṃ) (in mathematics)
  • Maori: hōtuku, raraunga
  • Mongolian:
    Cyrillic: мэдээ (mn) (medee)
    Mongolian: ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ (medege)
  • Norwegian:
    Bokmål: data (no) m or n
  • Oriya: ତଥ୍ୟ (or) (tôthyô)
  • Pashto: معلومات‎ m pl (ma’lumãt)
  • Persian: داده‌ها‎ (dâde-hâ), اطلاعات‎ (fa) (ettelâ’ât), معلومات‎ (fa) (ma’lumât)
  • Polish: dane (pl) n pl
  • Portuguese: dados (pt) m pl
  • Romanian: date (ro) f pl
  • Russian: да́нные (ru) n pl (dánnyje), информа́ция (ru) f (informácija)
  • Scottish Gaelic: dàta m pl
  • Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic: податци m pl, подаци m pl
    Roman: podatci (sh) m pl, podaci (sh) m pl
  • Sindhi: اعداد‎ (sd) ?
  • Sinhala: දත්ත pl (datta)
  • Slovak: dáta n pl, údaje m pl
  • Slovene: podatek ?
  • Spanish: datos (es) m pl
  • Sundanese: data (su)
  • Swedish: data (sv) c
  • Tagalog: datos (tl)
  • Tajik: додаҳо (tg) pl (dodaho), маълумот (tg) (maʾlumot), иттилоот (tg) (ittiloot)
  • Tamil: தரவுகள் (ta) pl (taravukaḷ)
  • Tatar: бирелмәләр pl (birelmälär), мәгълүмат (tt) (mäğlümat), мәгълүматлар pl (mäğlümatlar)
  • Thai: ข้อมูล (th) (kɔ̂ɔ-muun)
  • Tibetan: དཔྱད་གཞི (dpyad gzhi)
  • Turkish: veri (tr), malumat (tr), bilgi (tr), data (tr)
  • Turkmen: maglumat
  • Udmurt: тодэт (todet)
  • Ukrainian: да́ні (uk) n pl (dáni)
  • Urdu: ڈیٹا‎ m (ḍeṭā), معلومات‎ f pl (ma’lūmāt)
  • Uyghur: مەلۇمات‎ (melumat), مەلۇماتلار‎ pl (melumatlar)
  • Uzbek: maʻlumotlar pl
  • Vietnamese: dữ liệu (vi), đa ta
  • Volapük: nünods
  • Yiddish: דאַטן‎ pl (datn)

References[edit]

  • “data”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present. (The American Heritage Dictionary’s usage note on ‘data’)
  • John Quiggin: Data is not the plural of datum
  • johnaugust.com: ‘Data’ is singular

Anagrams[edit]

  • ADAT, TADA, a tad, adat, ta-da, tada

Afar[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with Saho data.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /dʌˈtʌ/
  • Hyphenation: da‧ta

Verb[edit]

datá

  1. (stative) be black

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of data (type III verb)
1st singular 2nd singular 3rd singular 1st plural 2nd plural 3rd plural
m f
present indicative I V-affirmative datiyóh datitóh datáh datáh datinóh datitoonúh datoonúh
N-affirmative datiyó datitó datá datá datinó datitón datón
negative mádatiyo mádatito mádata mádata mádatino mádatiton mádaton
present indicative II affirmative present indicative I + imperfective of én
past indicative I dátuk + perfective of én
past indicative II dátuk + perfective of sugé
present
potential 		affirmative datiyóm takkéh datitóm takkéh datám takkéh datám takkéh datinóm takkéh datitoonúm takkéh datoonúm takkéh
past
conditional 		affirmative dátuk + past conditional of sugé
-h converb -k converb -in(n)uh converb infinitive
dátih dátuk datínnuh datíyya

Antonyms[edit]

  • qadó (“be white”)

References[edit]

  • E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “data”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
  • Marie-Claude Simeone-Senelle; Mohamed Hassan Kamil (Aug 2013), “Gender, Number and Agreement in Afar (Cushitic language)”, in 43th Colloquium on African Languages and Linguistics‎[3], Leiden: Leiden University, page 2
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎[4], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis), page 307

Catalan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Late Latin data < Latin datus.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /ˈda.tə/
  • (Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈda.ta/

Noun[edit]

data f (plural dates)

  1. date (specific moment in time)

Further reading[edit]

  • “data” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
  • “data” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
  • “data”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
  • “data” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Cebuano[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Hyphenation: da‧ta

Noun[edit]

data

  1. installment, partial payment

Czech[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈdata]

Noun[edit]

data n pl

  1. data
    Synonym: údaje

Declension[edit]

Declension of data (pl-only hard neuter foreign)

plural
nominative data
genitive dat
dative datům
accusative data
vocative data
locative datech
instrumental daty

[edit]

  • databáze f
  • datový m

Further reading[edit]

  • data in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu
  • data in Internetová jazyková příručka

Danish[edit]

Noun[edit]

data n (singular definite dataet, plural indefinite data)

  1. datum, data
  2. curriculum vitae, résumé

Inflection[edit]

Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

data

  1. Plural form of datum
    Synonym: datums
  2. (uncountable) data, information
    Synonym: gegevens

Usage notes[edit]

Though some speakers use data «information» as a new singular rather than as the plural of datum (“data point”), this is generally prescribed against.[5][6][7] This is analogous to media in Dutch, which some speakers treat as a new singular rather than as a plural of medium.

Finnish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin data.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈdɑtɑ/, [ˈdɑt̪ɑ]
  • Rhymes: -ɑtɑ
  • Syllabification(key): da‧ta

Noun[edit]

data

  1. data

Declension[edit]

Inflection of data (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative data datat
genitive datan datojen
partitive dataa datoja
illative dataan datoihin
singular plural
nominative data datat
accusative nom. data datat
gen. datan
genitive datan datojen
datainrare
partitive dataa datoja
inessive datassa datoissa
elative datasta datoista
illative dataan datoihin
adessive datalla datoilla
ablative datalta datoilta
allative datalle datoille
essive datana datoina
translative dataksi datoiksi
instructive — datoin
abessive datatta datoitta
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of data (type kala)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative datani datani
accusative nom. datani datani
gen. datani
genitive datani datojeni
datainirare
partitive dataani datojani
inessive datassani datoissani
elative datastani datoistani
illative dataani datoihini
adessive datallani datoillani
ablative dataltani datoiltani
allative datalleni datoilleni
essive datanani datoinani
translative datakseni datoikseni
instructive — —
abessive datattani datoittani
comitative — datoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative datasi datasi
accusative nom. datasi datasi
gen. datasi
genitive datasi datojesi
dataisirare
partitive dataasi datojasi
inessive datassasi datoissasi
elative datastasi datoistasi
illative dataasi datoihisi
adessive datallasi datoillasi
ablative dataltasi datoiltasi
allative datallesi datoillesi
essive datanasi datoinasi
translative dataksesi datoiksesi
instructive — —
abessive datattasi datoittasi
comitative — datoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative datamme datamme
accusative nom. datamme datamme
gen. datamme
genitive datamme datojemme
dataimmerare
partitive dataamme datojamme
inessive datassamme datoissamme
elative datastamme datoistamme
illative dataamme datoihimme
adessive datallamme datoillamme
ablative dataltamme datoiltamme
allative datallemme datoillemme
essive datanamme datoinamme
translative dataksemme datoiksemme
instructive — —
abessive datattamme datoittamme
comitative — datoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative datanne datanne
accusative nom. datanne datanne
gen. datanne
genitive datanne datojenne
datainnerare
partitive dataanne datojanne
inessive datassanne datoissanne
elative datastanne datoistanne
illative dataanne datoihinne
adessive datallanne datoillanne
ablative dataltanne datoiltanne
allative datallenne datoillenne
essive datananne datoinanne
translative dataksenne datoiksenne
instructive — —
abessive datattanne datoittanne
comitative — datoinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative datansa datansa
accusative nom. datansa datansa
gen. datansa
genitive datansa datojensa
datainsarare
partitive dataansa datojaan
datojansa
inessive datassaan
datassansa 		datoissaan
datoissansa
elative datastaan
datastansa 		datoistaan
datoistansa
illative dataansa datoihinsa
adessive datallaan
datallansa 		datoillaan
datoillansa
ablative dataltaan
dataltansa 		datoiltaan
datoiltansa
allative datalleen
datallensa 		datoilleen
datoillensa
essive datanaan
datanansa 		datoinaan
datoinansa
translative datakseen
dataksensa 		datoikseen
datoiksensa
instructive — —
abessive datattaan
datattansa 		datoittaan
datoittansa
comitative — datoineen
datoinensa

Synonyms[edit]

  • anne (“datum”) (rare)

Derived terms[edit]

  • data-arkisto
  • dataliikenne
  • datanlouhinta
  • datanomi
  • datansiirto
  • datansiirtoverkko
  • dataprojektori
  • datasiirto
  • datasiirtolaite
  • datasiirtoverkko
  • datasähkö
  • datatekniikka
  • dataverkko
  • dataväylä
  • metadata

French[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /da.ta/

Verb[edit]

data

  1. third-person singular past historic of dater

Indonesian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Dutch data, from Latin data.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈdata]
  • Hyphenation: da‧ta
  • Rhymes: -ta, -a

Noun[edit]

data

  1. datum,
    1. a fact known from direct observation.
    2. a premise from which conclusions are drawn.
  2. data,
    1. information, especially in a scientific or computational context, or with the implication that it is organized.
    2. recorded observations that are usually presented in a structured format.
    3. (computing) a representation of facts or ideas in a formalized manner capable of being communicated or manipulated by some process.

Derived terms[edit]

  • mendata
  • mendatakan
  • pendata
  • pendataan
  • data raya

[edit]

  • datum

Further reading[edit]

  • “data” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Italian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈda.ta/
  • Rhymes: -ata
  • Hyphenation: dà‧ta

Etymology 1[edit]

From Late Latin data, from Latin datus.

Noun[edit]

data f (plural date)

  1. date
    a {n} giorni data ― within {n} days

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb[edit]

data

  1. inflection of datare:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Etymology 3[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Participle[edit]

data f sg

  1. feminine singular of dato
[edit]
  • databile
  • datare
  • datario
  • datato
  • datazione
  • dato

See also[edit]

  • dato / dati

Ladin[edit]

Noun[edit]

data f (plural dates)

  1. date (day number of the month)

Latin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • data: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈda.ta/, [ˈd̪ät̪ä]
  • data: (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈda.ta/, [ˈd̪äːt̪ä]
  • datā: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈda.taː/, [ˈd̪ät̪äː]
  • datā: (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈda.ta/, [ˈd̪äːt̪ä]

Participle[edit]

data

  1. inflection of datus:
    1. nominative/vocative/ablative feminine singular
    2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

Noun[edit]

data

  1. nominative/vocative/accusative plural of datum

References[edit]

  • data in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

Middle Irish[edit]

Noun[edit]

data m

  1. sire, father
  2. foster father, godfather, guardian
    Synonym: aite
  3. sir

Inflection[edit]

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Minangkabau[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Malayic *datar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dataʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *dataʀ.

Adjective[edit]

data

  1. flat

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin data, plural of datum (“gift, present”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give, offer”), from Proto-Italic *didō (“give”), from Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti (“to be giving”), from *deh₃- (“give”).

Noun[edit]

data m or n (definite singular dataen or dataet, indefinite plural data, definite plural dataene)

  1. data
  2. short form of datateknologi

Derived terms[edit]

  • database
  • databehandle
  • databehandling
  • datablad
  • dataillustrasjon
  • datamangel
  • datamaskin
  • dataprogram
  • datasimulering
  • dataskjerm
  • dataspill
  • datasystem
  • datateknologi
  • datavirus
  • rådata

References[edit]

  • “data” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Latin data, plural of datum.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈdɑː.tɑ/

Noun[edit]

data m or n

  1. plural of datum

data m (definite singular dataen, indefinite plural data or dataar or dataer, definite plural dataane or dataene)

  1. (plural: data, in the plural or collective and uncountable) data; information, especially in a computational context
  2. (plural: dataar or dataer, countable) short for datamaskin (“computer”)
  3. (collective, uncountable) short for datateknologi (“computer technology”)
  5. (collective, uncountable, mobile telephony) short for mobildata (“mobile data”)
Derived terms[edit]
  • database
  • databehandling
  • datablad
  • dataillustrasjon
  • datamaskin
  • dataprogram
  • datasimulering
  • dataskjerm
  • dataspel
  • datasystem
  • datateknologi
  • datavirus
  • rådata

Etymology 2[edit]

From English date.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /²dɛɪ̯.tɑ/

Verb[edit]

data (present tense datar, past tense data, past participle data, imperative date)

  1. a-infinitive form of date

References[edit]

  • “data” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams[edit]

  • tada

Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Medieval Latin data.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈda.ta/
  • Rhymes: -ata
  • Syllabification: da‧ta

Noun[edit]

data f

  1. date (the point of time at which event takes place; a specific day)

Declension[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • data in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • data in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈda.tɐ/
  • (Northeast Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈda.ta/
  • Rhymes: -atɐ
  • Hyphenation: da‧ta

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from Late Latin data, from Latin datus (“given”). Doublet of dada.

Noun[edit]

data f (plural datas)

  1. date (point of time at which a transaction or event takes place)
    Qual é sua data de nascimento? ― What is your date of birth?
  2. (informal) a large quantity
    Uma data de coisas. ― Lots of things.
  3. (informal) a lot, a plot of land
    Quero comprar esta data. ― I want to buy this plot of land

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb[edit]

data

  1. inflection of datar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Romanian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From French dater.

Verb[edit]

a data (third-person singular present datează, past participle datat) 1st conj.

  1. to date
Conjugation[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

data f

  1. nominative/accusative definite singular of dată

Rwanda-Rundi[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *tààtá.

Noun[edit]

dātá class 1a (plural bādâtá class 2a)

  1. my father
  2. my paternal uncle

See also[edit]

  • so (“your father”)
  • se (“his/her father”)
  • mama (“my mother”)

Spanish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈdata/ [ˈd̪a.t̪a]
  • Rhymes: -ata
  • Syllabification: da‧ta

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from Late Latin data, from Latin datus.

Noun[edit]

data f (plural datas)

  1. date (point of time at which a transaction or event takes place)
    Synonym: (more common) fecha
Derived terms[edit]
  • antedata
  • datar
  • de larga data
[edit]
  • dato

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb[edit]

data

  1. inflection of datar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading[edit]

  • “data”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Swahili[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from English data.

Noun[edit]

data (n class, plural data)

  1. data (information, especially in a scientific or computational context)

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb[edit]

-data (infinitive kudata)

  1. to crackle
  2. to miss a desired outcome
  3. to adhere to something
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of -data
Positive present —nadata
Subjunctive —date
Negative —dati
Imperative singular data
Infinitives
Positive kudata
Negative kutodata
Imperatives
Singular data
Plural dateni
Tensed forms
Habitual hudata
Positive past positive subject concord + —lidata
Negative past negative subject concord + —kudata
Positive present (positive subject concord + —nadata)
Singular Plural
1st person ninadata/nadata tunadata
2nd person unadata mnadata
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anadata wanadata
other classes positive subject concord + —nadata
Negative present (negative subject concord + —dati)
Singular Plural
1st person sidati hatudati
2nd person hudati hamdati
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hadati hawadati
other classes negative subject concord + —dati
Positive future positive subject concord + —tadata
Negative future negative subject concord + —tadata
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + —date)
Singular Plural
1st person nidate tudate
2nd person udate mdate
3rd person m-wa(I/II) adate wadate
other classes positive subject concord + —date
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + —sidate
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + —ngedata
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + —singedata
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + —ngalidata
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + —singalidata
Gnomic (positive subject concord + —adata)
Singular Plural
1st person nadata twadata
2nd person wadata mwadata
3rd person m-wa(I/II) adata wadata
m-mi(III/IV) wadata yadata
ji-ma(V/VI) ladata yadata
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chadata vyadata
n(IX/X) yadata zadata
u(XI) wadata see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwadata
pa(XVI) padata
mu(XVIII) mwadata
Perfect positive subject concord + —medata
«Already» positive subject concord + —meshadata
«Not yet» negative subject concord + —jadata
«If/When» positive subject concord + —kidata
«If not» positive subject concord + —sipodata
Consecutive kadata / positive subject concord + —kadata
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + —kadate
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person —nidata —tudata
2nd person —kudata —wadata/-kudateni/-wadateni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) —mdata —wadata
m-mi(III/IV) —udata —idata
ji-ma(V/VI) —lidata —yadata
ki-vi(VII/VIII) —kidata —vidata
n(IX/X) —idata —zidata
u(XI) —udata see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) —kudata
pa(XVI) —padata
mu(XVIII) —mudata
Reflexive —jidata
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -data- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -dataye -datao
m-mi(III/IV) -datao -datayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -datalo -datayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -datacho -datavyo
n(IX/X) -datayo -datazo
u(XI) -datao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -datako
pa(XVI) -datapo
mu(XVIII) -datamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -data)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) —yedata —odata
m-mi(III/IV) —odata —yodata
ji-ma(V/VI) —lodata —yodata
ki-vi(VII/VIII) —chodata —vyodata
n(IX/X) —yodata —zodata
u(XI) —odata see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) —kodata
pa(XVI) —podata
mu(XVIII) —modata
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Swedish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Latin data, from the plural of datum (“that which is given, information, facts at hand, a date in the calendar”).

The sense ”computer” is a clipping of datamaskin.

Noun[edit]

data c

  1. (uncountable) information, especially encoded information that can be processed by computers
  2. (colloquial, proscribed) Alternative form of dator (“computer”)
    Det är fel på datan. ― Something’s wrong with the computer.

    • 1966, Olof Johannesson (pen name of Hannes Alfvén), Sagan om den stora datamaskinen:

      De första datorna var ju också mycket enkla.

      The first computers were indeed very simple.

Usage notes[edit]

  • The first definition is rarely inflected, but most often used in its basic form. In the definite form, both neuter (datat) and common gender (datan) forms are used. For the compound indata, Google yields 440,000 hits, but only 2110 for indatan and 1200 for indatat. The Latin singular datum is not used in this sense, because it is already used for ”date (in the calendar)”.
  • Swedish lacked a good and short word for computer until dator was proposed in 1967. The colloquial data was used in the 1960s and is still used colloquially today, but is usually proscribed. The form dator is also the plural of data, and the plural definite forms datorerna/datorna are very similar.

Declension[edit]

Declension of data 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative data datan dator datorna
Genitive datas datans dators datornas

Derived terms[edit]

  • trafikdata

References[edit]

  • data in Svensk ordbok (SO)
  • “Hur kan man använda data och datan? [How are data and datan used?]”, in Frågelådan‎[8], Swedish Language Council, accessed 28 December 2019
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