Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A–F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1–7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа. Занесите Ваши
ответы в таблицу.
1. Where can we see the best Gzhel collection and see how it is made?
2. Who can become a Gzhel artist?
3. What do we call Gzhel?
4. What is the technique of Gzhel painting?
5. What is the traditional Gzhel ceramics design?
6. What is the origin of the word Gzhel?
7. How were the first Gzhel products used?
A. Gzhel is a famous type of Russian ceramics. It comes from the region with the same name, which is situated about sixty kilometers away from Moscow. Gzhel is not one place, to be exact. There are about 27 villages in the area which are involved in Gzhel ceramic production. The place can be easily reached by railroad and it is often visited by tourists.
B. It is believed that the place where Gzhel ceramics is produced was named after the river Gzhelka, a small river flowing through the area. However, linguists still argue about where the word comes from. Some of them say it has Baltic roots. Others claim that the name is connected with the technological process. The word gzhel is similar to an old Russian word which means burn. Indeed, the clay should be burnt to become hard before it is good enough for pottery.
C. The clay production in Gzhel started to develop in the 17th century when the Russian monarch ordered the delivery of different sorts of clay to Moscow. Gzhel clay was found to be the best for making pots and containers for pharmacies. The doctors and pharmacists valued it a lot. They preferred to keep most of the medicine and herbs in ceramic pots to keep them fresh and effective for a long time.
D. Gzhel ceramics can be easily identified by its beautiful white and blue coloured decoration. White means pure snow and moonlight. Light and dark blue symbolize the calm sky and rivers. Though the images on ceramics are usually flowers, they are all unique. Every item is a handmade picture with a unique combination of lines. Blue and white Gzhel ceramics are well-known all over the world.
E. You may think that Gzhel painters create their works freely, using their imagination. Although the talent of an artist and creativity are certainly important, the painter needs to follow a very strict technological scheme. Each ornament represents an image or a story that is given a code. All the codes are listed in catalogues and kept in the factory library. Technologists use catalogues to modernize production and organize training for new painters.
F. The Gzhel museum is a special attraction. The finest items from the 15th century to the present are displayed there. The collection of the museum contains about two thousand pieces and presents a great variety of bowls, vases, tea sets, toys and statutes. The place is good for a family day out — apart from enjoying the displays and buying souvenirs you can watch the production process or take classes in sculpture or painting.
| Текст | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| Заголовок |
Задание №15833.
Чтение. ОГЭ по английскому
Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A — F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1 — 7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.
1. Where can we see the best Gzhel collection and see how it is made?
2. Who can become a Gzhel artist?
3. What do we call Gzhel?
4. What is the technique of Gzhel painting?
5. What is the traditional Gzhel ceramics design?
6. What is the origin of the word Gzhel?
7. How were the first Gzhel products used?
A. Gzhel is a famous type of Russian ceramics. It comes from the region with the same name, which is situated about sixty kilometers away from Moscow.
Gzhel is not one place, to be exact. There are about 27 villages in the area which are involved in Gzhel ceramic production. The place can be easily reached by railroad and it is often visited by tourists.
B. It is believed that the place where Gzhel ceramics is produced was named after the river Gzhelka, a small river flowing through the area. However, linguists still argue about where the word comes from. Some of them say it has Baltic roots. Others claim that the name is connected with the technological process. The word Gzhel is similar to an old Russian word which means burn. Indeed, the clay should be burnt to become hard before it is good enough for pottery.
C. The clay production in Gzhel started to develop in the 17th century when the Russian monarch ordered the delivery of different sorts of clay to Moscow. Gzhel clay was found to be the best for making pots and containers for pharmacies. The doctors and pharmacists valued it a lot. They preferred to keep most of the medicine and herbs in ceramic pots to keep them fresh and effective for a long time.
D. Gzhel ceramics can be easily identified by its beautiful white and blue coloured decoration. White means pure snow and moonlight. Light and dark blue symbolize the calm sky and rivers. Though the images on ceramics are usually flowers, they are all unique. Every item is a handmade picture with a unique combination of lines. Blue and white Gzhel ceramics are well-known all over the world.
E. You may think that Gzhel painters create their works freely, using their imagination. Although the talent of an artist and creativity are certainly important, the painter needs to follow a very strict technological scheme. Each ornament represents an image or a story that is given a code. All the codes are listed in catalogues and kept in the factory library. Technologists use catalogues to modernize production and organize training for new painters.
F. The Gzhel museum is a special attraction. The finest items from the 15th century to the present are displayed there. The collection of the museum contains about two thousand pieces and presents a great variety of bowls, vases, tea sets, toys and statuettes. The place is good for a family day out – apart from enjoying the displays and buying souvenirs you can watch the production process or take classes in sculpture or painting.
| Текст | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| Вопрос |
Решение:
В тексте A содержится ответ на вопрос 3 (What do we call Gzhel? — Что мы называем гжелью?): «Gzhel is a famous type of Russian ceramics.»
В тексте B содержится ответ на вопрос 6 (What is the origin of the word Gzhel? — Каково происхождение слова Гжель?): «However, linguists still argue about where the word comes from. Some of them say it has Baltic roots. Others claim that…»
В тексте C содержится ответ на вопрос 7 (How were the first Gzhel products used? — Как использовались первые гжельские изделия?): «Gzhel clay was found to be the best for making pots and containers for pharmacies.»
В тексте D содержится ответ на вопрос 5 (What is the traditional Gzhel ceramics design? — Каков традиционный дизайн гжельской керамики?): «Gzhel ceramics can be easily identified by its beautiful white and blue coloured decoration.»
В тексте E содержится ответ на вопрос 4 (What is the technique of Gzhel painting? — Какова техника гжельской росписи?): «Each ornament represents an image or a story that is given a code. All the codes are listed in catalogues and kept in the factory library.»
В тексте F содержится ответ на вопрос 1 (Where can we see the best Gzhel collection and see how it is made? — Где можно увидеть лучшую коллекцию гжели и посмотреть, как она делается?): «The Gzhel museum is a special attraction. The finest items from the 15th century to the present are displayed there.»
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Источник: Демонстрационный вариант ОГЭ — 2023
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Тест с похожими заданиями
origin of the word — перевод на русский
Origin of the word?
Происхождение слова?
What’s the origin of the word ‘gangster’?
Каково происхождение слова «гангстер»?
It may be best to start recalling the origin of this word.
Было бы лучше начать ссылаясь на происхождение этих слов.
Celine, do you know the origin of the word apocalypse?
Селина, ты знаешь истоки слова «апокалипсис»? Латынь пришедшая из греческого языка.
Are you familiar with the origin of the word «billet»?
Тебе известна этимология слова «билет»?
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Gzhel is a style of ceramics which takes its
name from the village
of Gzhel and surrounding
area, where it has been produced since 1802.
About
thirty villages located southeast of Moscow
produce pottery and ship it throughout Russia. 
In fact,
practically the entire population of some thirty villages in this neighborhood
have long engaged in the manufacture of pottery, the more so, as considering
the dense sprawling forests around, there has never been any shortage of
firewood. One could say that it was symbolical for Gzhel to be understood
already in the 19th century as synonymic, to a great degree, with Russian folk
ceramics. True, it was somewhat earlier, in the previous, 18th century, that
Gzhel rose to fame as a large ceramics center that produced not only
earthenware for purely utilitarian purposes, but also artistic and decorative
objects.
The
name Gzhel became associated with pottery in the 14th century. Gzhel pottery
was originally created by potters in their homes, however fairly early on these
potters started to organize into workshops to increase production. The
workshops eventually became a factory with pieces being formed in moulds and
potters being responsible for separate pieces, a specific style, or decoration.
The earliest pieces were created of earthenware. The pottery was painted solid
white with distinctive blue designs. Pottery was also produced using a tin
based white glaze and colored glaze designs in blue, green, yellow, and brown,
rather than just blue on a white background, in a style that is referred to as
majolica. The body color of earthenware varies depending on the raw materials
used, and can range from white to brown. It is generally fired at lower
temperatures than either stoneware or porcelain and can remain semi-porous to
water until glazed.
This
development coincided with the emergence of majolica. At the time majolica
wares were called in Russia
tsenina. The origin of the word is not known exactly. Majolica wares were
termed in Europe faience. The product was
usually made of tinted clays, had a massive porous shell, and was decorated
with enamel colors in polychromatic, typically peasant-style designs. True,
tsenina was first manufactured in Moscow
at the establishment of the merchant Afanasy Grebenshchikov, who employed a
number of potters from Gzhel. Returning home and having learned the secrets of
majolica manufacture, they started their own potteries. Though we have no idea
who they were-their names have been lost — they made so fine a start that
within the space of but several years, Gzhel majolica was already successfully
competing with Grebenshchikov’s produce.Whereas the celebrated Italian Renaissance majolica borrowed subject
material from contemporary painting and served an exclusively decorative
purpose (produced mostly were large vases, giant dishes and bas-reliefs), Gzhel
ware was, on the contrary, of utilitarian shape and form and was decorated with
the two-dimensional designs that are typically of folk origin; the large local
pools of bright color displayed a marked affinity with the “lubok”, the Russian
folk picture or broadside.
In
the 1830s, the Gzhel potters developed a faience, or white earthenware, of a
quality that rivaled the cream ware being produced in England at the
time. They followed the development of faience with the acquisition of
porcelain. Porcelain is fired to a similar temperature as stoneware, but unlike
stoneware it becomes a translucent white and as such is highly desirable. The
making of porcelain had been a secret heavily guarded by China with only
finished products being exported. When Russia
was able to produce their own porcelain, it undercut the high cost of imports
from China
or Western European producers. Although there have been several periods of
disruption in pottery production at Gzhel, quality pottery is once again being
produced in both the recognizable blue on white design as well as the more
colorful majolica ware.
The
range of Gzhel majolica included virtually the entire assortment of domestic
utensils, such as breakfast and soup plates, dinner-services, mugs, tankards,
and pitchers. More often that was only white-glazed earthenware devoid of
decoration; however it was prized precisely because of its hygienic whiteness.
Yet, there has always been — and will always be — a popular demand for
attractive, colorful, artistic objects. Every potter worthy of the name sought
to create something individual, having some curious or amusing detail and a colorful
design appealing to the customer.
The
subject material does not possess much in the way of thematic diversity, it was
not borrowed from contemporary painting or literature, but was the invention of
the potter himself, who though often illiterate, displayed artistic intuition,
enabling him to integrate in his decorative designs his observations of nature
and of rustic and urban life with impressions derived from buildings and icons
seen, and to touch up the result with his own imagination. The design is a
hand-painted drawing, outlined by some dark pigment on the light-toned glazed
surface and then ornamented with green, yellow, brown and blue pigments.
There
is nothing particularly outstanding about Gzhel’s scenic surroundings, except,
of course, the stretching fields, the blue fringe of forest in the distance, and
the limpid bluish haze enveloping the small villages in its neighborhood.
Perhaps
it is this shimmering blue that has been transferred to the snow-white field of
Gzhel’s porcelain?
Perhaps
it is responsible for all the attractive designs we find on some slender vase,
pot-bellied pitcher, or stalwart tankard generating that delightful feeling of
surprise and joy upon spotting the first few clumps of spring flowers in the
patches left by thawing snow? 
To tell the truth, skilful modeling and
masterly brushwork have transformed what would appear to be plain ordinary
household utensils into genuine works of art. Gzhel porcelain enjoys extensive
popularity both in this country and abroad, recognizable at once by its
characteristic blue-and-white color scheme, peculiar designs, and shapes.
The
clue to this amazing success derives from the strikingly expressive uniqueness
of Gzhel china, which provokes a stirring emotion of communion with Mother
Nature. No wonder, as these hand-painted pictures most pleasingly harmonize
with the shape.
Now
Gzhel is at another peak of renown. Designers and potters lovingly preserve
traditional shapes and decor, notable for their folk features.
All
patterns are hand-made, as before, so every item is a work of art on its own.
Still, contemporary samples are easy to tell from nineteenth century
antecedents, with a modern treatment of profoundly studied folk motifs, and
latter day techniques.
Unprecedented
genre paintings appear on china. The assortment grew with new shapes and
patterns. Now Gzhel produces tea, coffee and dinner services;, samovars, vases,
candlesticks, clocks, lamps, statuettes and many other items in an annual total
exceeding 2500 varieties.
Many
potters, sculptors and painters descend from generations of local craftsmen. A
galaxy of new masters appeared within this decade. Vessels and figurines
bearing their names are gems of the most ambitious collections. The youngest
masters lovingly preserve old traditions, and enrich this precious heritage
with their own finds.
Gzhel
is a main center of esthetic education, which encourages children’s innate
gifts. Starting at playschool, their work goes on to school and college. Local
children honorably participated in exhibitions in Germany,
Britain, the United States, Italy and other countries.
In 1994, Gzhel became an honored member of the
International Guild of Handicrafts.
A
glorious future lies ahead of this evergreen art as the world gets tired of
mass production and thirsts for hand made things of beauty. They
will be in ever greater demand as technical civilization makes further
progress. . . .
В данной статье вы найдете:
Пример первого задания раздела Чтение экзамена ОГЭ
*с учетом изменений 2021 года
Поэтапный разбор одного задания на примере
Стратегии успешного выполнения задания этого типа
Задание №9 (первое в разделе Чтение)
Понимание основной идеи отрывков текстов:
здесь шесть отрывков текста и семь вопросов, в задании необходимо соотнести вопросы и параграфы, дающие на них ответы.
Присутствует один лишний вопрос.
Максимальный результат за задание №1 — 6 баллов
ТЕКСТ ЗАДАНИЯ
ПЛАН ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ ЗАДАНИЯ
Внимательно прочитайте 7 вопросов задания и выделите ключевые слова.
Ключевые слова в примере ниже выделены красным цветом.
Where can we see the best Gzhel collection and see how it is made?
Речь в вопросе идет о месте где можно увидеть луччшие коллекции и процесс их производства. Можно предположить что речь идет о музее или подобном заведении.
Who can become a Gzhel artist?
Спрашивают кто/какой человек может стать мастером Гжель, вероятно, поразумеваются личностные характеристики человека. А это значит, что мы ожидаем в абзаце с правильным ответом увидеть ряд прилагательных.
What do we call Gzhel?
Что мы называем этим словом? Вероятно, здесь будет присутствовать определение этого слова, а значит я буду искать параграф, отвечающий на этот вопрос в самом начале.
What is the technique of Gzhel painting?
Нас спрашивают о технике выполнения рисунков, поэтому предполагаю увидеть описание ряда процедур в процессе рисования.
What is the traditional Gzhel ceramics design?
Ожидаем увидеть описание традиционных рисунков и цветов в ответе на данный вопрос.
What is the origin of the word Gzhel?
Вопрос о происхождении слова, а это значит что могут быть упомянуты языки и исторические факты. Информация о происхождении и истории всегда находится в начале текста (обычно вторым параграфом после введения нового понятия).
How were the first Gzhel products used?
Вопрос об использовании первых изделий, вероятно использовались они не так как используются сейчас, иначе такого вопроса вообще не было бы. Ожидаем увидеть историю и прошедшее время.
Только после тщательного анализа вопросов перейдите к беглому просмотру абзацев.
ПАРАГРАФ А
Первое предложение первого абзаца сразу дает нам отет на вопрос что собственно такое Гжель:
Gzhel is a famous type of Russian ceramics.
Кроме того, мы справедливо предполагали что определение понятия Гжель нужно искать в самом начале.
ПАРАГРФ А — What do we call Gzhel?
А-3
ПАРАГРАФ B
the place where Gzhel ceramics is produced was named after the river Gzhelka
linguists still argue about where the word comes from
И снова наше предположение оказалось верным: второй параграф пытается объяснить происхождение слова.
ПАРАГРАФ В — What is the origin of the word Gzhel?
В-6
ПАРАГРАФ С
Правильный ответ в этом параграфе «зарыт» в середине:
was found to be the best for making pots and containers for pharmacies
Оказывается, первоначально изделия Гжель использовались как контейнеры в фармацевтическом деле.
ПАРАГРФ С — How were the first Gzhel products used?
С-7
ПАРАГРАФ D
its beautiful white and blue coloured decoration
images on ceramics are usually flowers
Blue and white Gzhel ceramics are well-known all over the world.
Речь в выделенных кусках параграфа идет о цветах и орнаменте, а значит, о дизайне изделий Гжель.
ПАРАГРАФ D — What is the traditional Gzhel ceramics design?
D-5
ПАРАГРАФ E
the painter needs to follow a very strict technological scheme
all the codes are listed in catalogues and kept in the factory library
Technologists use catalogues …
Самый сложный, на мой взгляд, параграф для определния подходящего вопроса. Тем не менее из оставшихся не использованными вариантов, выбираем вариант о технологии изготовления изделий Гжель.
ПАРАГРАФ E — What is the technique of Gzhel painting?
E — 4
ПАРАГРАФ F
Здесь мне достаточно первого предложения, чтобы определиться с правильным ответом:
The Gzhel museum is a special attraction.
Ну а подтверждают нашу догадку следующие фразы:
The collection of the museum contains…
you can watch the production process…
ПАРАГРАФ F — Where can we see the best Gzhel collection and see how it is made?
F- 1
ВЫВОДЫ:
- задание не предполагает дословный и построчный перевод каждого отрывка текста, поэтому не зацикливайтесь на словах и/или выражениях которые вы не знаете
- от вас требуется понимание главной идеи текста для возможности подбора правильного вопроса
- первое предложение каждого отрывка текста это часто ваш главный помощник, так как именно оно отражает основной смысл повествования
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