What is the meaning of the word standby in radio communications

Standby A passenger who does not have a confirmation on a flight and is allowed to board only after the confirmed passengers have been seated.
T
Taxi When an aircraft moves under its own power on the ground.

Standby — Is the situation when a traveller without a reservation
is waiting for a seat on a flight to become available. The passenger
is usually asked to report to the gate shortly before departure.
Stopover — When a traveller leaves the airport and returns
shortly to continue the journey.

Standby
A term used in radio communications asking the other person to wait for further instructions. It can also indicate that a pilot or passenger is on a waiting list; if there are any no-shows or open seats available, that person may then travel on a flight without a prior reservation.
Status …

Class of air passengers who hold tickets that do not allow for advanced reservations ( fares), or are waiting for available seats.
Supersaver …

: A passenger waiting for a seat on a full flight who is prepared to travel if space becomes available at the last moment.
UPGRADE: Available at check-in if space is available in a higher class of service. Usually, passengers check in no more than two hours in advance for upgrades.

:
In radio communications, is a word to ask the other person to wait for further instructions. A reservation is conditional and is on a waiting list, in case of any˜NO-SHOWS.
STAND-UP CABIN: …

: warmed up, and ready for immediate use. This is the normal position until ready for take-off, when one would select ALT or ON (if transponder is to be used in flight).
ON: transmits the selected code in Mode A (aircraft identification mode) at the normal power level.

Integrated Flight Display (IFSD)
The IFSD is a flight instrument, commonly found in modern airliners, which serves as a backup for primary instruments such as the altimeter, airspeed and attitude indicators.
Jetway / Air bridge …

ESAI electronic attitude indicator
ESAS electronic situation awareness system
ESAS enhanced situational awareness system …

Pass — A ticket issued to a «Non-Rev.»
Passenger Count — The final count of passengers delivered by the senior flight attendant to the cockpit crew for weight and balance considerations.
Passenger Evacuation — See «Evacuation.»
Passenger Service Agent — See «PSR.» …

After setting a flip-flop frequency set the before talking
Write down your frequencies so you can preset the next one on your flip-flop
Keep your Ident codes droning low so you know NAVs are working
If you start having planning problems, request delaying vectors of 2 minute legs when holding.

Active — As opposed to passive — a radar radiating or in ‘active’ mode as opposed to or passive mode
ADIZ — Air Defence Initialisation Zone
AEW — Airborne Early Warning
AEW&C — Airborne Early Warning & Control (see AWACS)
AFB — Air Force Base
AFMC — Air Force Material Command …

On turns the transponder on, ALT gives it the ability to report altitude information, SBY puts the transponder on making it act as a mode A transponder, and Off turns the transponder off.

This one receiver procedure works great in slow (100 kts) aircraft. But in the faster types it really pays to have two receivers, this is much quicker. The Bendix King 125 COMM/NAV radio has an active and frequency with a TO knob and can be used very quickly to indicate which radial the aircraft is on.

Adolf Hitler, who also had designs on Finland, was forced to and watch the Soviet Union build up its Baltic defences. It took the Soviet troops three months to force the Finnish government to agree to Stalin’s original demands.

Standpipe. A pipe sticking up in a tank or reservoir that allows part of the tank to be used as a reserve, or , source of fluid.

It is important to maintain proficiency with the instruments and be proficient with the emergency tasks associated with the advanced avionics. Since these are electrical devices, the electrical generation and backup systems on the aircraft are even more important than ever.

When you get ready to fly your solo cross country flight your instructor will check your flight planning and sign you off to complete the flight on your own. You will not have to pay for the instructor’s time to be on for this flight.

 See also: Cabin pressurization, Speed, Transponder, Throttle lever, Extra section

Our pages contain various quotes with which our editorial team does not always agree.

Standing (or Standard) Operating Procedures, otherwise called SOPs provide a unit with a set of regular, common
functions and operations that are carried out in day-to-day activities. Below are a series of minimal standards, that
when practiced or observed, can help enhance any given team or unit that requires insight into proper fielded SOP.

Radio Communications[]

The purpose of this section is to introduce fundamental tactical radio communications at the Company and Platoon
level, including basic Voice Procedure on the Combat Net Radio (or CNR). Communicating effectively is a crucially
important aspect of warfare fieldcraft; especially in how it pertains for command and control, situational awareness,
and battlefield information across the battlespace. It is especially vital for Commanders, NCOs and Radio Operator
personnel who need to understand how to pass on critical information swiftly, accurately and with appropriate need.

1. Combat Net Radio & Radio Nets[]

Unit level radio nets at Battalion and above are formal nets. They have watchkeepers maintaining their set 24 hours
listening watch, are fully logged and require scheduled reports, returns and requests (R3) as well as regular use of
command, control or admin traffic. As such, there is a prescribed amount of formal protocol that applies specifically
toward these nets. At a sub-unit level (Company and below), command nets are usually informal although standard
Voice Procedure (VP) still applies. At a Section or Squad level, short range nets used on Personal Role Radios are
considered ‘chat nets’, although it is good practice to follow standard VP regardless of what broadcast level is used.

2. Call Signs[]

Call signs provide a means of uniquely identifying each station on a net. Call signs will vary slightly depending on the
structure and type of unit and even unit SOP, but this guide focuses on a generic Light Infantry Company. While both
the US and UK follow a slightly different approach, there is logic to both system that require the Operator understand.

In the US Army, a Company is allocated a call sign identifier, often starting with the letter of the Company (e.g. Sabre,
Dagger or Raider, etc). Platoons are designated with a number (Sabre-1 for 1 Platoon). Additionally, a unit leadership
position each has a number affixed: 7 for NCOs, 6 for Commanders, 5 for Executive Officers. Hence Sabre-7 is a unit
Company First Sergeant. Sabre-1-6 is Sabre Company, 1 Platoon Leader. Support platoons are often given a unique,
separate callsign (e.g. Steel for mortar platoon). For brevity once comms have been established, the total identifier is
omitted and only numbers are used. New call signs joining the net must announce themselves with the full call sign/ID.

On the Platoon nets, Squads use the same call sign with their squad number affixed.  Hence Sabre-1-1 is 1 Platoon
1st Squad; Sabre-1-1-A is 1 Platoon, 1st Squad, Alpha Team. “Actual” is appended to any call sign to specify a team
commander, as opposed to the Radio Telephone Operator (RTO) who would otherwise routinely answer their radios.

In the UK, a call sign indicator (often a phonetic letter or unique word) is allocated to each sub unit. Platoons and the
Sections are designated by number, for example the “B10” (pronounced Bravo One Zero) is B Company, 1 Platoon,
where Bravo is the call sign indicator allocated to B Company in the CEI. “Alpha” specifies the Commander, so B10A
is 1 Platoon Commander. This can be further broken down to designate Sections and Fire Teams, hence B11 is their
1 Platoon, 1 Section; F11C is 1 Platoon, 1 Section, Charlie Fire Team. This system continues throughout platoon level.

Leadership positions have fixed call signs: 0A is the Company Commander, 0C is the 2IC, 33A is the given Company
Sergeant Major. 0 (Zero) is the Control Station and is typically manned by their Radio Operator. On the Platoon nets,
Sections use the same call signs though in this context 0A is the Platoon Commander, 0B the Platoon Sergeant, etc.

3. Voice Procedure[]

Golden Rules	Consider this	Compared to this
Think before transmitting. Avoid offering messages. Be brief. Be succinct. Use Out instead of Over whenever possible.	“SABRE-1-6, SABRE-1-6 this is SABRE, message over” “Roger SABRE, this is SABRE-1-6, send traffic over” “SABRE-1-6, initiate movement at this time to checkpoint Three Two Tango, Break, how copy over?” “SABRE this is SABRE-1-6, Roger Wilco, moving to checkpoint Three Two Tango, I am Oscar Mike over” “SABRE-1-6 this is SABRE Roger Out”	“SABRE-1-6 this is SABRE, move now to Checkpoint Three Two Tango, over” “SABRE-1-6, Roger Out”

3a. Prowords[]

BREAK	Indicates a 5 second pause in a long message to allow others to break in with critical information.  Should only be used on half duplex nets by commanders providing long messages such as quick battle orders.
CANCEL	Cancel a previous message, as in «reference move to FRV, CANCEL. Hold firm.»
CONTACT	I am coming under effective enemy fire and have engaged the enemy, as in “CONTACT WAIT OUT.”
CORRECT	You are correct, or what you have transmitted is correct.
CORRECTION	An error has been made, the correct version is…
DANGER CLOSE	Used in Close Air Support requests to indicate ordnance will be dropped within a range that could cause friendly forces casualties.
DISREGARD	Transmission made in error, disregard it.
FIGURES	(Optional) Numerals to follow.  Only required to avoid ambiguity.
MESSAGE	A message that requires recording is about to follow.  Reply with “SEND”.
OK (UK)	I can hear you loud and clear.  Used in reply to RADIO CHECK (UK)
OUT	I have finished speaking and do not require a reply.
OVER	I have finished speaking and require a reply.  OVER and OUT are never used together.
RADIO CHECK	Use to confirm comms are working.  Reply with «OK OVER» (UK) or «ROGER OVER» (US).
READ BACK	Read back the last message to confirm it has been received correctly.
RELAY (TO)	Retransmit this message to the following stations.
REPEAT	Repeat the last artillery or naval gunfire fire mission.  Not to be confused with SAY AGAIN!
ROGER	I have received and understood your message.  Used in reply to RADIO CHECK (US).
ROGER SO FAR	Confirm receipt and understanding of the part of a long message sent so far.
SAY AGAIN	Send the last message again.  Can be combined with prowords “ALL AFTER” or “ALL BEFORE,” as in “SAY AGAIN ALL AFTER Grid…”
SEND	I am ready to record your message.  Response to “MESSAGE”.
SIGHTING	I have seen the enemy but am not engaged.  Followed by a Sighting Report.
VERIFY	Verify all or part of a message and send the correct version.
WAIT	Short pause — further information to follow in a few seconds.
WAIT OUT	Further information to follow in a few minutes (net is cleared for other users).
WRONG	You are wrong, or what you have transmitted is wrong.
WILCO (US)	I have received and understand your message and will comply.  Since the meaning of ROGER is already implied, the two prowords should never be used together.

3b. Incorrect Prowords[]

INCORRECT	CORRECT
AFFIRMATIVE	YES
AT THIS TIME	NOW
BE ADVISED	N/A
HOW COPY	OVER
INTERROGATIVE	N/A
LIMA CHARLIE	OK / ROGER
NEGATIVE	NO
ROGER YOUR LAST	ROGER
SEND TRAFFIC	N/A
SOLID COPY	ROGER

4. Reports[]

REPORT	SIGHTING REPORT (UK)	CONTACT REPORT (UK)	SPOT REPORT (US)
USAGE	Used when a unit observes an enemy or suspected threat but is not actually in contact.  This is strictly distinct from a Contact. Contact must only be used if the unit is coming under effective enemy fire.	Used when a unit comes under effective enemy fire or has actively engaged the enemy.  Immediately on coming under contact, the call sign sends “CONTACT WAIT OUT.” All stations will keep traffic to a minimum until the call sign in contact has sent a full contact report.	Use when a unit observes any known or suspected threat activity or any characteristic of the area of operations likely to impact the mission.  A SPOTREP should be sent within one minute of a contact and uses SALUTE to describe the enemy.
FORMAT	Time of report Size of enemy Activity Location Time observed Actions taken	Time of report Size Activity Location Actions	LINE 1 — Date & Time ___ (of report) LINE 2 — Unit ___ (sender’s callsign) LINE 3 — Size ___ (number of enemy) LINE 4 — Activity ___ (what they are doing) LINE 5 — Location ___ (Grid of enemy) LINE 6 — Unit ___ (or uniform worn) LINE 7 — Time ___ (observed) LINE 8 — Equipment ___ (carried) LINE 9 — Assessment ___ LINE 10 — Narrative ___
EXAMPLE	«0A this is 31. Sighting as at 0930 hrs, Grid 12345678, 4 man patrol moving North on road, am observing, Out.»	“0A this is 31, Contact Wait Out.” «0A this is 31, Contact as at 0930 hrs, Grid 12345678, enemy bunker with PKM, am assaulting, Out.»	“SABRE-6 this is SABRE-1, SPOTREP, one BRDM stationary at Grid 12345678, 0930 hrs, am continuing to observe, Out.”

SITUATION REPORT (SITREP)[]

Sitreps are the primary means of updating the chain of command on your current location and tactical situation. As a
rule of thumb, each sub unit should send their Sitrep every 5 mins in contact and every 15 mins out of contact. They
should also be sent after completing any significant task, such as an assault, upon reaching a checkpoint or RV, or if
and when requested by the commander. Remember, keeping their battlespace net up-to-date is every soldier’s duty.

• Time of report
• Enemy locations, casualties inflicted, PWs taken
• Friendly locations and state
• Commander’s Intent
• Additional Info — Combat Service Support or other pertinent info
• EXAMPLE SHOWN BELOW:
   

AMMUNITION AND CASUALTY STATE (AMCAS)[]

• Green — Over 90% CE
• Amber — Over 60% CE
• Red — Less than 60% CE
• EXAMPLE: «0B this is 31, AMCAS Green, Out.”
   

5. Support Requests[]

5a. Fire Missions[]

Target Grid is the method used by an untrained observer to request Offensive Support (such as an 81mm mortar and
105mm Light Gun) from a Forward Observer attached to the unit. The FO then handles the details and execution for
the fire mission with the artillery battery. Note that when requesting OS, every line is repeated in full by the answering
call sign to confirm it is correct. The VP used between FO and battery has additional detail but is not included below:

Fire Mission «Target Grid» Template

Line Type	Template	Example
Fire Support Request	__ this is __ fire mission, over.	“K11 this is 32, Fire Mission, Over” “K11, Fire Mission, Over.”
Indication	Target Grid Ref ______ (Optional) Target No. X-Ray ____	“Fire Mission, Grid 3221 5612…
Direction	Direction of target from the observer	…Direction 1800 mils….
Target Description	Type and Activity	…Enemy infantry in the open…
Effect	Neutralise (a combination of HE & Smoke) Screen (a smoke screen in front of target) Illuminate (star shells)	…Neutralise…
When & For How Long	Immediate (Now) Delayed (In 2 minutes) On My Command	…Now for 2 minutes, Over”
Confirmation		“K11, Fire Mission Grid 3221 5612, Direction 1800 mils, Enemy infantry in the open, Neutralise now for 2 minutes, Out”
Fire For Adjust (if required)	Shot 15 (time until rounds land) Splash (called 5 seconds before impact) Left/Right, Add/Drop	“32 this is K11, Shot 15….Splash” “K11 Left 100 Add 50 Over”
Fire For Effect	Shot 15 (time until rounds land) Splash (called 5 seconds before impact)	“32 this is K11, Shot 15” “32, Shot 15, Out” “32 this is K11, Splash, Out”
Fire Mission Complete	Rounds Complete (guns have stopped firing) Repeat (repeat the fire mission exactly) Record As Target (log fire mission for a repeat in future e.g. UT1001) End of Mission (support no longer required)	“32 this is K11, Rounds Complete, Over” “32, Rounds Complete, End of Mission, Over” “K11, End of Mission, Out”

5b. Close Air Support[]

CAS from fast air or attack helicopters is normally requested via a 9-line CAS request (“nine liner”). An abbreviated
7-line format can be used in emergencies. For most MilSim purposes, this ECAS request is sufficient. All the critical
information is between lines 1 to 3 and line 7. It is performed as a request for calling air support or CAS in missions.

Emergency Close Air Support, ECAS TEMPLATE

Line Type	Template	Example
*Line 1	Target Grid	“K20 this is 32, Standby for ECAS, Over” “K20, Send, Over” “32, Line 1, 123456…
*Line 2	Target Type A — Infantry B — Light Vehicle C — Armoured D — Fixed	Line 2, Alpha
*Line 3	Requested Ordnance H — Guns I — Rockets J — AT Missiles K — LGB	Line 3, India
Line 4	Marking V — Smoke W — IR Beam X — Laser Y — None	Line 4, Victor
Line 5	Ingress A — Heading (towards target) B — Battle Point Grid (Run In)	Line 5, North West from Grid 123456
Line 6	Egress H — Heading	Line 6, North
*Line 7	Friendlies V — 400m+ W — 300m+ X — 200m+ Y — 100m+ Z — Danger Close	Line 7, Victor, Over”

5c. Casualty Evacuation[]

Casualty Evacuation or CASEVAC via helicopter is normally conducted via a 9-line CASEVAC request (see above)
and can be used to recover injured personnel during emergencies. Commonly used in MilSim, a CASEVAC 9-Line
provides successful extraction of wounded casualties. All parts of the 9-line are critical for calling successful rescue.

CASEVAC 9-LINER TEMPLATE

Line Type	Template	Example
Line 1	Location of Pick Up Site (Grid)	“Hello K20 this is 31, Standby for CASEVAC request, Over” “K20, Send, Over” “31, Line 1, 123456…
Line 2	Call sign & Frequency (Pl HQ by default)	Line 2, 32 on 77.9
Line 3	Number of Patients by Precedence A — Urgent B — Urgent Surgical C — Priority D — Routine E — Convenience	Line 3, one Urgent, two Urgent Surgical
Line 4	Special Equipment Requirements A — None B — Hoist C — Extraction Equipment D — Ventilation	Line 3, Ventilator
Line 5	Number of Patients A — Litter B — Ambulatory	Line 4, two Litter, one Ambulatory
Line 6	Security at Pick-up Site N — No Enemy P — Possible Enemy (Approach with Caution) E — Enemy (Approach with Caution) X — Enemy Troops in Area (Armed Escort Required) NOTE: in peacetime — Number and Types of Wounds / Injuries	Line 6, enemy 150 meters to the South
Line 7	Method of Marking Pick-up Site A — Panels B — Pyrotechnic Signal C — Smoke Signal D — None E — Other NOTE: provide smoke color when helicopter has visual and requests colour confirmation	Line 7, LZ marked by Smoke
Line 8	Patient Nationality and Status A — US Military B — US Civilian C — Non-US Military D — Non-US Civilian E — EPW	Line 8 — three US Civilian
Line 9	NBC Contamination Status N — Nuclear B — Biological C — Chemical NOTE: in peacetime — Terrain Description of Pick-up Site	Line 9 — open meadow approximately 100m by 100m, power lines to the East, ingress from the North, egress to the West

Rules of Engagement[]

EXAMPLE: U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) CFLCC ROE CARD

• 01. On order, enemy military and paramilitary forces are declared hostile and may be attacked subject to the following instructions:
  • A) Positive Identification (PID) is required prior to engagement. PID is a reasonable certainty that the proposed target is a legitimate military target. If no PID, contact your next higher commander for decision
  • B) Do not engage anyone who has surrended or is out of battle due to sickness or wounds
  • C) Do not target or strike any of the following except in self-defense to protect yourself, your unit, friendly forces, and designated persons or property under your control:
    • Civilians
    • Hospitals, Mosques, National Monuments, and any other Historical and Cultural Sites
  • D) Do not fire into civilian populated areas or buildings unless the enemy is using them for military purposes or if necessary for your self-defense. Minimize collateral damage
  • E) Do not target enemy infrastructure (public works, commercial communication facilities, dams), Lines of Communication (roads, highways, tunnels, bridges, railways) and Economic Objects (commercial storage facilities, pipelines) unless necessary for self-defense or if ordered to by your commander. If you must fire on these objects to engage a hostile force, disable and disrupt but avoid destruction of these objects, if possible.
     
• 02. The use of force, including deadly force, is authorised to protect the following:
  • Yourself, your unit, and friendly forces
  • Enemy Prisoners of War (EPW)
  • Civilians from crimes that are likely to cause death or serious bodily harm, such as warcrimes
  • Designated civilians and/or property, such as personnel of the Red Cross/Cresent, UN, and US/UN supported organisations
  • Treat all civilians and their property with respect and dignity. Do not seize civilian property, including vehicles, unless you have the permission of a company level commander and you give receipt to the property’s owner.
     
• 4. Detain civilians if they interfere with mission accomplishment or if required for self-defense.
• 5. CENTCOM General Order No. 1A remains in effect. Looting and the taking of war trophies are prohibited

TACTICAL RULES OF ENGAGEMENT (SITUATIONAL)

EXAMPLE: Unit-level Tactical Rules of Engagement

• Operational ROE
  • No Force: Verbal Commands, Observed Presence Only (for Obediant, and Compliant Offender)
  • Moderate/Limited Force: Physical Control, Self-Defense (for Resisting, Non-Compliant Threat)
  • Less-Than-Lethal Force: Non-Lethal Munitions, etc (for Low-Level Aggressive, Hostile Threat)
  • Deadly or Lethal Force: Firearms, Lethal Munitions (Hostile Threat of Death or Serious Injury)
    • Weapons Free: is Permitted to Engage any known HOSTILE THREAT
    • Weapons Hold: is Not-Permitted to Engage any known HOSTILE THREAT unless fired upon

Operations Order (OPORD)[]

• I. SITUATION: Provides information essential to subordinate leader’s understanding of situation
  • A) Enemy Forces Intelligence
  • B) Friendly Forces Data
  • C) Squad Attachments and Detachments
• II. MISSION: The unit’s mission statement incl. Who, What (Objective), Where, When and Why (Intent)
• III. EXECUTION: The mission breakdown, including Concept of Operation, Maneuvers and Fire Support
  • A) Concept of Operation
  • B) Maneuver
  • C) Fires (Indirect and Direct Fires)
• IV. SERVICE SUPPORT : Logistical, Medical and Miscellaneous Requirements, including Transports
• V. COMMAND & SIGNAL: Designation of Command Posts/Leadership, Signals incl. Communications
  • A) Command
  • B) Signals

Order of Battle (ORBAT)[]

EXAMPLE ORBAT

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Standby may refer to:

• Standby (air travel), a list in which passengers may request to be placed on to request an earlier or more convenient flight
• Standby (theater), an actor or performer who will appear in a particular role if the regular performer is not present
• Sleep mode (in electronics), also known as standby mode—a mode in which electronic appliances are turned off but still under power and ready to activate on command
  • Standby (or ACPI S3), an ACPI mode of a computer
• Modern Standby (or InstantGo), a computer power management system
• Standby power, energy consumed by an electronic device while it is turned off or in sleep mode
• Standby (TV series), a South Korean sitcom
• Standby Records, an American independent record label
• «Standby», a song by Macintosh Plus from Floral Shoppe

See also[edit]

• Please Stand By, a 2017 comedy-drama film
• Stand By (disambiguation)