What is the biggest english word in the world

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• Donau­dampf­schiffahrts­elektrizitäten­haupt­betriebs­werk­bau­unter­beamten­gesellschaft, longest published word in German

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4. ^ see separate article Lopado…pterygon
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6. ^ ^{a b} Coined around 1935 to be the longest word; press reports on puzzle league members legitimized it somewhat. First appeared in the MWNID supplement, 1939. Today OED and several others list it, but citations are almost always as «longest word». More detail at pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis.
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14. ^ «Floccinaucinihilipilification» by Michael Quinion World Wide Words Archived 2006-08-21 at the Wayback Machine;
15. ^ The Guinness Book of Records, in its 1992 and previous editions, declared the longest real word in the English language to be floccinaucinihilipilification. More recent editions of the book have acknowledged pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis. What is the longest English word? — Oxford Dictionaries Online Archived 2006-08-26 at the Wayback Machine
16. ^ In recent times its usage has been recorded in the proceedings of the United States Senate by Senator Robert Byrd Discussion between Sen. Moynihan and Sen. Byrd «Mr. President, may I say to the distinguished Senator from New York, I used that word on the Senate floor myself 2 or 3 years ago. I cannot remember just when or what the occasion was, but I used it on that occasion to indicate that whatever it was I was discussing it was something like a mere trifle or nothing really being of moment.» Congressional Record June 17, 1991, p. S7887, and at the White House by Bill Clinton’s press secretary Mike McCurry, albeit sarcastically. December 6, 1995, White House Press Briefing in discussing Congressional Budget Office estimates and assumptions: «But if you – as a practical matter of estimating the economy, the difference is not great. There’s a little bit of floccinaucinihilipilification going on here.»
17. ^ Eckler, R. Making the Alphabet Dance, p 252, 1996.
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20. ^ «Origin of the Abbreviation I18n». Archived from the original on 2014-06-27.
21. ^ «Localization vs. Internationalization». World Wide Web Consortium. Archived from the original on 2016-04-03.
22. ^ Paux et al. (2008) Science, Vol. 322 (5898) 101-104. A Physical Map of the 1-Gigabase Bread Wheat Chromosome 3B Paux, Etienne; Sourdille, Pierre; Salse, Jérôme; Saintenac, Cyrille; Choulet, Frédéric; Leroy, Philippe; Korol, Abraham; Michalak, Monika; Kianian, Shahryar; Spielmeyer, Wolfgang; Lagudah, Evans; Somers, Daryl; Kilian, Andrzej; Alaux, Michael; Vautrin, Sonia; Bergès, Hélène; Eversole, Kellye; Appels, Rudi; Safar, Jan; Simkova, Hana; Dolezel, Jaroslav; Bernard, Michel; Feuillet, Catherine (2008). «A Physical Map of the 1-Gigabase Bread Wheat Chromosome 3B». Science. 322 (5898): 101–104. Bibcode:2008Sci…322..101P. doi:10.1126/science.1161847. PMID 18832645. S2CID 27686615. Archived from the original on 2015-09-03. Retrieved 2012-12-01.
23. ^ Chemical Abstracts Formula Index, Jan.-June 1964, Page 967F; Chemical Abstracts 7th Coll. Formulas, C₂₃H₃₂-Z, 56-65, 1962–1966, Page 6717F
24. ^ «Opinion 105. Dybowski’s (1926) Names of Crustacea Suppressed». Opinions Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature: Opinions 105 to 114. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Vol. 73. 1929. pp. 1–3. hdl:10088/23619. BHL page 8911139.
25. ^ rjk. «World’s longest name of an animal. Parastratiosphecomyia stratiosphecomyioides Stratiomyid Fly Soldier Fly». thelongestlistofthelongeststuffatthelongestdomainnameatlonglast.com. Archived from the original on 2011-11-17. Retrieved 2011-12-17.
26. ^ cited in some editions of the Guinness Book of Records as the longest word in English, see Askoxford.com on the longest English word
27. ^ [1]^{[dead link]}
28. ^ «GeoNames Government of Canada site». Archived from the original on 2009-02-06.
29. ^ Belluck, Pam (2004-11-20). «What’s the Name of That Lake? It’s Hard to Say». The New York Times.
30. ^ «Geoscience Australia Gazetteer». Archived from the original on 2007-10-01.
31. ^ «South Australian State Gazetteer». Archived from the original on 2007-10-01.
32. ^ «Guinness Records».
33. ^ «Longest Word Without Repeating Letters». December 2014.
34. ^ ^{a b c} «Typewriter Words». Questrel.com. Archived from the original on 2010-09-27. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
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36. ^ «Dictionary entry for monimolimnion, a word that, at 13 letters, is longer than any of the words linked in the source above». Archived from the original on 2009-09-09. Retrieved 2009-08-15.
37. ^ «Word Records». Fun-with-words.com. Archived from the original on 2012-08-26. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
38. ^ «Typewriter Words». Wordnik.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2011-01-15.
39. ^ «The Dvorak Keyboard and You». Theworldofstuff.com. Archived from the original on 2010-08-20. Retrieved 2010-08-22.

This audio file was created from a revision of this article dated 8 January 2011, and does not reflect subsequent edits.

Contents

• 1 What is the longest word in the world that takes 3 hours to say?
• 2 What is the longest word 189 819?
• 3 Is there a word longer than Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis?
• 4 What is the full word of Methionylthreonylthreonylglutaminylarginyl?
• 5 Which word takes 3.5 hours to say?
• 6 Is there a word with 1000 letters?
• 7 Is there a word with 1909 letters?
• 8 How do you pronounce Nonanonacontanonactanonaliagon?
• 9 What is the shortest word in English?
• 10 Is Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious a real word in the English dictionary?
• 11 What’s the longest word in Japanese?
• 12 Is irregardless a real word?
• 13 What is the longest word for beautiful?
• 14 What is the opposite of supercalifragilisticexpialidocious?
• 15 Who created supercalifragilisticexpialidocious?
• 16 What is big English word?
• 17 What is an 8 letter word?
• 18 What starts with P and ends with E?
• 19 Can a person be scintillating?
• 20 What begins with T finishes with T and has T in it?
• 21 What are the most common 3 letter words?

You will be surprised to know that the longest word in English has 1, 89,819 letters and it will take you three and a half hours to pronounce it correctly. This is a chemical name of titin, the largest known protein.

The word is 189,819 letters long. It’s actually the name of a giant protein called Titin. Proteins are usually named by mashing-up the names of the chemicals making them. And since Titin is the largest protein ever discovered, its name had to be equally as large.

The longest words in the dictionary are: antidisestablishmentarianism – opposition to the disestablishment of the Church of England – 28 letters. floccinaucinihilipilification – the estimation of something as worthless – 29 letters. pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis – a supposed lung disease – 45 letters.

LONGEST ENGLISH WORD:Methionylthreonylthreonylglutaminylarginyl… isoleucine (189,819 letters) If we’re talking chemistry, the longest chemical name is 189,819 letters long. It is the chemical name for titin, a giant filamentous protein essential to the structure, development, and elasticity of muscle.

The answer is three-and-a-half hours! This word is the chemical name for titin (aka connectin) – a human protein. Titin is a giant protein that functions as a molecular spring which is responsible for the passive elasticity of muscle.

pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis

It’s a technical word referring to the lung disease more commonly known as silicosis.

serine, a tryptophan synthetase protein, as the longest published word at 1,909 letters.

1. Phonetic spelling of nonanonacontanonactanonaliagon. Nona-nona-con-ta-nona-act-a-nona-lily-a-gon. Nonanonacontananaaactananalilliagon. …
2. Meanings for nonanonacontanonactanonaliagon. it is a shape with 9999 sides.
3. Examples of in a sentence. the nonanonacontanonactanonaliagon was in the color red, in carly’s book.

Eunoia, at six letters long, is the shortest word in the English language that contains all five main vowels. Seven letter words with this property include adoulie, douleia, eucosia, eulogia, eunomia, eutopia, miaoued, moineau, sequoia, and suoidea. (The scientific name iouea is a genus of Cretaceous fossil sponges.)

The Oxford English Dictionary defines the word as “a nonsense word, originally used esp. by children, and typically expressing excited approbation: fantastic, fabulous”, while Dictionary.com says it is “used as a nonsense word by children to express approval or to represent the longest word in English.”

toragahitowokamoutosurutokinounarinow

A funny phrase in japanese is “toragahitowokamoutosurutokinounarinow” 虎が人を噛もうとするときのうなり声。 It is 37 letters long and is comprised of a 17 syllables. It is a very odd phrase, as it is defined as “the growl a tiger makes when it is about to about to bite someone”.

Merriam-Webster defines irregardless as “nonstandard” but meaning the same as “regardless.” “Many people find irregardless to be a nonsensical word, as the ir- prefix usually functions to indicates negation; however, in this case it appears to function as an intensifier,” the dictionary writes.

What does pulchritudinous mean? Pulchritudinous is an adjective that means physically beautiful or attractive.

Opposite of very good in standard or quality. atrocious. awful. execrable. lousy.

The song was written by the Sherman Brothers, and sung by Julie Andrews and Dick Van Dyke. It also appears in the stage show version of Mary Poppins. The writers of the Oxford English Dictionary think that the word “supercalifragilisticexpialidocious” was first used in the 1940s.

The longest word in any of the major English language dictionaries is pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis, a word that refers to a lung disease contracted from the inhalation of very fine silica particles, specifically from a volcano; medically, it is the same as silicosis.

The Most Common Eight-Letter Words

These common eight-letter words are ABSOLUTE, MOUNTAIN, and SENTENCE. All of these are excellent bingos, with SENTENCE and MOUNTAIN using the most common letters in the game.

“Post Office” starts with ‘P’, ends with ‘E’ and has a million letters in it.

If you say someone is scintillating, then they are clever — people want to listen to them. This is a word often used sarcastically. If someone is boring, you might say “Well, that was scintillating,” while rolling your eyes.

What begins with T ends with T and has T in it?

The most common three-letter words are the, and, are,for, not, but, had, has, was, all, any, one, man, out, you, his, her, and can. The most common four-letter words are that, with, have, this, will, your, from, they, want, been, good, much, some, and very.

How many variations of English do you think there are, two, maybe three? Think again. English is a truly global language, and linguists argue there are 100s of different English varieties around the world. The two most well-known varieties are arguably British English and Standard American English. However, the list of countries where English is recognised as an official language may be longer than you think!

World Englishes meaning

The term World Englishes is used to describe all the different varieties of English that exist worldwide. As English travels around the world, it changes and develops in different ways to fulfil the needs of the people who use it.

English is currently spoken by an estimated 1.35 billion people, meaning almost 20% of the world currently speaks English. However, the English used worldwide can differ in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation, grammar, and accent. Therefore, it’s best to think of the English language as a plural, ie. Englishes.

Have you ever heard of Singlish (Singaporean English), Indian English or Caribbean English? These are just a few official varieties of English with some unique features.

Because of British colonialism and British and American imperialism, the English language spread around the world. Communities adopted and adapted the language to suit their needs, resulting in the creation of hundreds of new varieties of English. Today, English continues to spread worldwide thanks to globalisation, its use as a lingua franca, and its prominence on the internet.

Lingua franca = A language used as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different.

To understand the concept of World Englishes, we must first look at the history of English and how it has travelled around the world.

A brief history of English

The origins of the English language can be traced all the way back to the fifth century, when Germanic tribes invaded Britain and Old English was formed. In 1066, the Normans invaded Britain, bringing a form of French that helped shape what we now refer to as Middle English. The formation of Modern English as we know it today is due to two important factors: the advent of modern printing and colonialism in the 16th century. Britain’s first colonial ‘adventure’ brought English to the New World (the Americas, Australasia, and South Africa).

As you can imagine, the English language changed and adapted dramatically throughout this time. If you picked up an English book from the 13th century today, how likely do you think it would be that you would be able to read it?

British colonisation and imperialism continued to spread throughout the world, bringing English to Africa, South and Southeast Asia, The Caribbean, and the South Pacific Islands. As the language travelled, it mixed with other local languages creating new varieties of English, such as pidgins and creoles.

Pidgins and Creoles — A pidgin is a language variety that arises when people who do not speak the same native language communicate with each other. Pidgins are typically a simplified form of a language, with a smaller vocabulary and basic grammar. When a pidgin develops into a more complex language with its own syntax and grammar, it becomes a creole. Common English-based creoles include Jamaican Patois, Gullah (from islands in the USA), and Singlish (Singaporean English). Most English-based creoles were formed due to British colonisation and the transatlantic slave trade.

The final spread of English is primarily thanks to the internet. The invention of the internet is widely accredited to two American men, so naturally, the language of the internet is English. By the mid-1990s, an estimated 80% of the internet’s content was English; however, that number sits closer to 50% today.

Today, English is recognised as an official language in 67 different countries. The status of the language in each country can vary greatly, with some countries using English purely for administrative and educational purposes and others using it as their official majority language.

Kachru’s three circles of English

Braj Kachru (1932-2016) was an Indian linguist who studied the global spread of English and coined the term ‘World Englishes’.

In 1985, Kachru created his three circles of English model, which highlights the usage and status of English worldwide. The model comprises three concentric circles: the inner circle, the outer circle, and the expanding circle.

Let’s take a closer look at each circle.

Inner circle

The inner circle comprises the countries where English is used as a first language, such as the UK, Ireland, The USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. The citizens of these countries are typically considered to be native English speakers.

Kachru considers these countries to be norm-providing, meaning the norms of the English language are created here.

Outer circle

The outer circle typically comprises countries that were once British colonies or had British colonial relations. English was brought to these countries during colonial rule and was usually used for administrative duties, education, socialising, and within government sectors. These countries include India, Singapore, Malaysia, Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, and others.

English typically isn’t the first language in these countries but continues to be used as an important language in various different ways. English may be an official second language, used as the medium of instruction in education, or used as the ‘working language’ (the chosen language when doing business).

Kachru considers these countries norm-developing, meaning the outer-circle countries further expand upon the norms developed within the inner-circle countries.

Expanding circle

The expanding circle comprises pretty much the rest of the world! These are countries that have no immediate colonial or historical ties with English but still use it to some extent as a tool for communication. English is typically used as a foreign language or as a lingua franca.

Kachru considers these countries to be norm-dependent, meaning that they look to the inner and outer circles to learn how to speak English and generally don’t develop their own ‘Englishes’.

Fig. 1 — Kachru’s Three Circles of English Model.

Criticisms of Kachru’s three circles of English

Although Kachru’s model has been highly influential in understanding the global spread of English, it has been met with several criticisms and has been the subject of many debates.

Firstly, the model has been criticised for being oversimplistic and too geographically bound. In a globalised world, it is becoming increasingly challenging to define people and the languages they speak in this way.

The second issue is with the status of English within the outer-circle countries. English has been present within some inner-circle countries for almost 200 hundred years, and has citizens who speak English as their first language. It could therefore be argued that they are also native English speakers.

Finally, due to English being used as a lingua franca across the expanding circle countries, new varieties of English are emerging, such as Chinglish (Chinese English) and Euro English (a term for the Englishes used across Europe). This suggests that the expanding circle countries are no longer wholly norm-dependent and are developing their own varieties of English.

World Englishes: examples

Strevens’ world map of Englishes shows that all varieties of English can be traced back to either British English (BrE) or American English (AmE), making them two of the most influential varieties of English.

However, the UK and the USA are certainly not the only countries where English is spoken. Let’s look at a list of some of the most significant countries that use English as an official language.

Europe

• The UK

• The Republic of Ireland

• Malta

North America

• The USA

• Canada

The Caribbean

• Jamaica

• Barbados

• Trinidad and Tobago

• Bahamas

• Guyana

Africa

• South Africa

• Nigeria

• Cameroon

• Kenya

• Zimbabwe

• Ghana

• Rwanda

• Sudan

• Botswana

• Ethiopia

Asia

• India

• Pakistan

• Singapore

• Philippines

• Sri Lanka

• Malaysia

• Brunei

• Myanmar

Oceania

• Australia

• New Zealand

• Papua New Guinea

• Fiji

• Samoa

• Tonga

• Solomon Islands

• Micronesia

• Vanuatu

• Kiribati

English continues to spread, evolve, and adapt daily, and this is no complete list of all the World Englishes. In fact, it is almost impossible to say how many varieties of English there are as linguists have long debated over how to define them.

Let’s take a closer look at some of the most prominent world Englishes.

British English (BrE)

British English is the term used to describe all the varieties of English that exist in the UK. These varieties are typically broken down into dialects (a language variety unique to a specific geographical location). When you think of how ‘standard’ British English sounds, you’re likely thinking of Received Pronunciation (RP). RP is arguably the most well-known British accent because of its prominence in the media and its usage by famous figures, such as the Queen. RP is typically considered the standard accent of someone from London or the Southeast of England; however, it isn’t actually a regional dialect, and it’s not always possible to tell where someone is from when they use RP.

Dialects in the UK include Welsh English, Scots, and Hiberno-English (not to be confused with the languages Welsh, Gaelic, and Irish). These are all varieties of English that have been heavily influenced by the languages spoken in their respective countries, resulting in their own pronunciation, grammar, and lexicon.

American English (AmE)

American English is the name given to the set of English varieties that exist across North America (mainly the USA and Canada).

In the 17th century, the British colonised the Americas, bringing the English language with them. Since then, the USA and Canada have seen people from all over the world arriving on its shores, from Irish immigrants to enslaved Africans, bringing with them their own languages; these have undoubtedly influenced standard American English as we know it today.

American English is often compared to British English, and today, we can see many variations between the two, including accent, lexicon, and grammar.

Some common differences include:

• The accent. American English is considered a rhotic accent (meaning they pronounce the /r/ sound), while British English is regarded as a non-rhotic accent (meaning /r/ sounds after vowels and at the end of words are often omitted).

• Many British English words come from French roots, whereas other languages, such as Spanish, have influenced some American English words.

• American English is more likely to drop suffixes, ie. skim milk (AmE) vs skimmed milk (BrE) and barbershop (AmE) vs Barber’s shop (BrE).

• With compound nouns, British English tends to use the gerund form, whereas American English uses the infinitive form, ie jump rope (AmE) vs skipping rope (BrE) and sailboat (AmE) vs sailing boat (BrE).

• The spelling of words can also differ. American English tends to use the letter ‘z’ rather than ‘s’, ie., standardized (AmE) vs standardised (BrE). Some letters are also dropped in American English, ie. colour (BrE) vs color (AmE).

South Asian English (SAE)

South Asian English (sometimes called Indian-English) is an umbrella term for the varieties of English used in countries across South Asia, including India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, and others.

English was introduced to the Indian sub-continent in the early 17th century and subsequently reinforced due to Britain’s colonisation and long-term rule of the country. Although India gained its independence in 1947, English is still used as the language of government, education, and business, and is the country’s lingua franca. Today, an estimated 125 million Indians speak English, making it the world’s second-largest English-speaking country.

A popular variety of South Asian English is ‘Hinglish’ (A mix of Hindi and English). Hinglish typically adds English words to Hindi; however, the meanings can change and develop over time.

Here are some examples of Hinglish words:

• Stadium — a man’s hairstyle that has a large bald spot.
• Would-be — a fiance
• Airdash — to hurry
• Prepone — to bring a meeting or engagement forward
• Glassi — thirsty

Fig. 2 — Hinglish word ‘stadium.’

Britain didn’t just influence Hindi; it was a bit more of a two-way street, and many of the words that we use in English today came from Hindi. In the Oxford English dictionary, there are around 900 words of Indian origin; here are some examples: Pyjamas, dungarees, shampoo, bangle, yoga, jungle, cot, bungalow.

African English (AfrE)

Africa is one of the most linguistically diverse continents, and the term African English can cover English spoken anywhere within it, from Egypt to South Africa. However, the term ‘African English’ is typically reserved for Black Africa, and is divided into West African English, East African English, and South African English. Today, 27 countries in Africa recognise English as an official language, most of which are ex-British colonies.

West African Pidgin English (WAPE) is a pidgin influenced by English and a variety of local African languages. WAPE originated as a language of commerce used between the British and African slave traders during the time of the transatlantic slave trade. Today, it is used by an estimated 75 million people across Nigeria, Ghana, Siera Leone, and Liberia. A key characteristic of WAPE is the way tenses and aspects are formed. When speaking in different tenses, the verbs remain uninflected (this means the verbs don’t change ie. walk -walked — walking). Instead, different words are used to highlight the tense and aspect.

Let’s look at some examples:

• The word ben indicates the past tense — ‘A ben left’ = ‘I left’
• The word don (derived from the English word done) indicates the present perfect tense — ‘A don it’ = ‘I have eaten’
• The word go indicates the future tense — ‘A go Kom’ = ‘ I will come’

South African English is one of the most prominent varieties of African English. English has been in South Africa since the British arrived at the Cape of Good Hope in 1795. However, it is not the only official language in the region. There are 11 official languages recognised in South Africa, including English, Afrikaans (a majority dutch based creole), and nine major African languages, including isiZulu, isiXhosa, seTswana and seSotho. In addition, many other languages and dialects are present in South Africa due to colonisation, immigration, and religion. Some of these include Portuguese, Hindi, and Arabic. As you can imagine, the influence from all these languages has dramatically impacted the English used in South Africa today, making the variety distinctly different from British English or American English.

African-American Vernacular English (AAVE)

AAVE is a variety of English spoken predominantly by black Americans. The variety has its own unique linguistic structures, including grammar, syntax, and vocabulary.

Historically, AAVE has been deemed a ‘low-prestige dialect’ and therefore accused of being ‘bad English’. However, many linguists argue that this is not the case, and AAVE should be considered a fully-fledged English variety in its own right. Others have taken this idea further and say that AAVE should be regarded as its own language, known as Ebonics.

In more recent years, common words from AAVE have been making their way into the ‘mainstream’ thanks to social media; you may even be using AAVE without realising it. For example, the word ‘woke’ has grown in popularity since 2015. However, the term is not new and was initially used by black Americans since the 1940s to mean ‘stay awake’ to racial injustices’.

Fig. 3 — The phrase ‘stay woke’ is an example of AAVE.

Australian English

Australian English is the de facto language of Australia and is considered one of the major varieties of English.

English came to Australia as a result of British colonisation in the 18th century. Australian English uses features from both British and American English, and in terms of grammar, the variety is a mix of both. However, Australian English does have many of its own distinct features, including vocabulary and accent. When British colonisers first arrived in Australia, many new words had to be created to describe the unique flora and fauna not found in the UK. For example, the giant Kingfisher was named the laughing jackass; today, it is called a kookaburra.

Australian English is also considered a non-rhotic variation, meaning the /r/ sound at the end of a word or after a vowel sound is typically dropped. Another key feature of Australian English is the pronunciation of the ‘long I’ ( /aɪ/ ) sound, which is usually pronounced as an ‘oi’ (/ɔɪ/) sound. For example, ‘bike’ might sound more like ‘boike’.

Some common Australian English words include:

• Barbie — barbeque
• Doona — Duvet
• Hooroo — goodbye

There are several Australian aboriginal languages; unfortunately, many of them are endangered, and the number of speakers is incredibly low. However, some Australian English words come from the Aboriginal people, such as boomerang, dingo, billabong, and wallaby.

English-speaking world

An increasing number of people are using English as a lingua franca (a common language) as a tool for communication. Today, we see people, especially from the expanding circle countries, using, adapting, and modifying English for their own needs. Individuals using ELF are no longer necessarily looking towards the inner and outer circle countries for their norms, and this is paving the way for new varieties of English, such as Vinglish (Vietnamese English) and Chinglish (Chinese English).

Fun fact! The longest English word in the world (or at least the longest one in any dictionary) is Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis — which is a lung disease caused by inhaling silicate or quartz dust.

World Englishes — Key takeaways

• The term World Englishes is used to describe the varieties of English that exist worldwide. World Englishes are sometimes named Global Englishes or International Englishes.
• Braj Kachru created his ‘three circles of English’ model to help show the global spread of English. The model comprises three circles: The inner circle, The outer circle, and The expanding circle.
• English first spread around the world due to British colonialism and British and American imperialism. It continues to spread today due to the internet, globalisation, and its use as a lingua franca.
• Some of the most prominent varieties of English are: British English, American English, Australian English, African English, and South Asian English.
• New varieties of English are arising all the time thanks to its use across the expanding circle. Some new varieties include Chinglish and Vinglish.

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