What is the base word for combination

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In mathematics, a combination is a selection of items from a collection, such that the order of selection does not matter.

What does any combination mean?

a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities. combinationnoun.

What is word combination?

Many scientific words are based either on combinations of prefixes/suffixes of Greek, Latin, Indo-European or other origin linked to descriptive words or are combinations of short independent words included together as part of descriptive phrases.

What is combination with example?

A combination is a selection of all or part of a set of objects, without regard to the order in which objects are selected. For example, suppose we have a set of three letters: A, B, and C. … Each possible selection would be an example of a combination. The complete list of possible selections would be: AB, AC, and BC.

What does combinations mean in math?

A combination is a mathematical technique that determines the number of possible arrangements in a collection of items where the order of the selection does not matter. In combinations, you can select the items in any order.

23 related questions found

How does combination work?

Combinations are a way to calculate the total outcomes of an event where order of the outcomes does not matter. To calculate combinations, we will use the formula nCr = n! / r! * (n — r)!, where n represents the total number of items, and r represents the number of items being chosen at a time.

How do you represent a combination?

These combinations (subsets) are enumerated by the 1 digits of the set of base 2 numbers counting from 0 to 2n − 1, where each digit position is an item from the set of n. Representing these subsets (in the same order) as base 2 numerals: 0 – 000. 1 – 001.

What is the example of combination reaction?

When a combination reaction occurs between a metal and a non-metal the product is an ionic solid. An example could be lithium reacting with sulfur to give lithium sulfide. When magnesium burns in air, the atoms of the metal combine with the gas oxygen to produce magnesium oxide.

What are the types of combination?

Combination reactions are of three types:

  • In the first type of combination reaction, an element combines with another element to form a new compound. …
  • In second type of combination reaction, an element combines with a compound. …
  • In the third type of combination, 2 or more compounds combine to form a new compound.

What is a combination problem?

Stated generally, the combination problem is the problem of how precisely the fundamental conscious minds come to compose, constitute, or give rise to some further, additional conscious mind (especially our own).

What is it called when 2 words are combined?

Portmanteau word, also called blend, a word that results from blending two or more words, or parts of words, such that the portmanteau word expresses some combination of the meaning of its parts.

What is it called when you put two words together to make one?

listen), /ˌpɔːrtmænˈtoʊ/) or portmanteau word (from «portmanteau (luggage)») is a blend of words in which parts of multiple words are combined into a new word, as in smog, coined by blending smoke and fog, or motel, from motor and hotel. …

What is perfect combination?

1 having all essential elements. 2 unblemished; faultless.

Can you use combination in a sentence?

A combination of factors led to her decision. The milkshakes come in chocolate, strawberry, and vanilla, or any combination of these. He has the right combination of talent and experience. The combination of these two chemicals can cause an explosion.

What is combination or combinational mean?

Definitions of combinational. adjective. able to or tending to combine. synonyms: combinable, combinatory combinative, combinatory. marked by or relating to or resulting from combination.

What is a combination in statistics?

A combination is a selection of all or part of a set of objects, without regard to the order in which they were selected. This means that XYZ is considered the same combination as ZYX.

Which is the combination reaction?

A combination reaction is a reaction in which two reactants combine to form one product. … When a metal undergos a combination reaction with oxygen, a metal oxide is formed (similarily, a metal halide is formed if reacted with one of the halogens).

What is combination reaction and types?

Combination Reaction

A reaction in which two or more reactants combine to form a single product is known as a combination reaction. It takes the form of X + Y → XY. Combination reaction is also known as a synthesis reaction. Example of combination reaction: 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl.

Which is not a combination reaction?

The second reaction is not an example of combination reaction. (AgNO3+NaCl —>AgCl + NaNO3.) … But,in the second reaction,only the NO3 and Cl are interchanging their places to make the chemical products of the reaction. So,here no combination of the reactants is happening.

What is direct combination?

A synthesis reaction or direct combination reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which two or more simple substances combine to form a more complex product. The reactants may be elements or compounds, while the product is always a compound.

What are combination reaction explain with an equation?

A combination reaction (also known as a synthesis reaction) is a reaction where two or more elements or compounds (reactants) combine to form a single compound (product). Such reactions are represented by equations of the following form: X + Y → XY. … Combination reaction is also known as a synthesis reaction.

What is combination reaction give two examples?

In combination reactions, two or more substances combine to form a new compound. Only one product is obtained in such reactions. The reactants in such reactions can be elements as well as compounds. For Example, Calcium oxide reacts with water to produce calcium hydroxide.

Does combination matter?

When the order doesn’t matter, it is a Combination. When the order does matter it is a Permutation.

Is repetition allowed in combination?

Permutations: order matters, repetitions are not allowed. (regular) Combinations: order does NOT matter, repetitions are not allowed. Combinations WITH Repetitions: order does NOT matter, repetitions ARE allowed.

Hey there! Before reading the article which is about Definition of the word combination |, you should read about what is word combination. It shares basic information about this article and also adds more value to it. Do let us know how you feel about it in the comment section below. Happy Reading! Really glad that you are here.

The word combination is a word that is composed of parts of other words. Examples of word combination include: 1. Tablet-computer 2. Videogame-console 3. Mobile-phone 4. Computer-game 5. Electric-car 6. Cutlery-set

a combination in the mathematical sense means “combining or adding things”. For example, you can combine 3 and 3, which is 06, or you can take 4 and 3, which is 7. The only way you can combine 3 and 3 is if the total is 6. The word combination also means “a group of two or more things that are combined or added”. For example, if you combine 2 people you get a combination.

In this book we will work with the concept of collocation, keeping in mind that syntactic terminology varies from author to author. This is how Professor Illish works with the term phrase. The definition of the term given by the scholar (any combination of two or more words which forms a grammatical unit but is not an analytical form of a word) leaves no doubt that it is equivalent to the term collocation.

The sentence, along with the phrase, is the basic syntactic unit. The smallest word combination consists of two members, while the largest word combination could theoretically be infinitely large, although this has not yet been properly investigated.

Despite its status as a cornerstone of syntactic theory, there has been no agreement on a universally accepted definition of collocation: It is interpreted in contradictory ways by Ukrainian and Western linguists. The traditional view, which goes back to the work of Professor Vinogradov (i.e. the mid-20th century), treats the word combination exclusively as a subordinate unit. At the same time, many linguists tend to consider any syntactically organized group of words as a sentence, regardless of the nature of the relationship between the elements.

As a rule, a word combination is negatively defined, i.e. these negative definitions indicate that it is not a word combination. Of course, this approach can hardly be called correct, but since no other definition is available, it can be considered acceptable.

In each definition of a word combination, this unit is syntactically a grammatical structure. Therefore, the study of their morphological composition to clarify the combinatorial properties of the word parts and to consider the substitution possibilities within a word combination is one of the tasks of syntactic theory.

One of the most common negative definitions is that the combination of words is not communicative in nature. This comment is very true, because the lack of communicative focus is one of the most unmistakable features of the word combination. So the difference between an expression and a sentence is fundamental. A sentence, like a word, is a way of naming certain phenomena or processes. Each component of a word combination may undergo grammatical changes according to the grammatical categories it represents, without destroying the identity of the word combination. For example, in the word combination sales newspapers, the first component may change according to the categories of verbs time, mood, etc. and the second component may change according to the category number. For example, sell a newspaper, have sold a newspaper, would have sold a newspaper are grammatical modifications of a word combination. Conviction is a whole different matter. A sentence is a whole in which each word has its specific form. If you change the shape of one or more words, a new sentence is formed.

Definition of a sentence – part 1

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the definition of combination?

In English, “combination” is a noun that refers to a grouping of two or more nouns or a grouping of two or more nouns and a verb. Examples of combinations are “rock band,” “mother-daughter dance” and “snowstorm.” (That said, not all combinations are two words. The word “blueberry” is a combination of “blue” and “berry,” for instance, but it’s considered a one-word combination.) The word combination is the process that occurs when two or more words are used in a sentence. For example, if a person says the sentence “I want a dog”, the combination is “d-o-g” (meaning “dog”). Using more than 1 word in a sentence is considered a combination. The word combination is commonly used in writing. In a business context, the term combination can refer to a merger or an acquisition.

What is the meaning of combination in math?

In mathematics, especially in algebra, a combination is a way of selecting items from a collection, such as the letters of the alphabet or the days of the week. (In this example, the collection is the set of all possible groups of size 3 from a set of 5 people.) The order of the items in the combination is not important, for example, “ABC” and “ACB” would represent the same combination. When we talk about math, it’s often about numbers, such as 3 + 4 = 7 or 2 × 3 = 6. But there’s something more abstract, and that’s the concept of combination. In math, combination refers to the number of ways you can choose (or combine) items to form groups or sets individually.

What is another word for combination?

A combination is a group of two or more things. A combination can be used to describe a single item that is a combination of two or more items, like a sandwich made of two slices of bread with meat and cheese in between. It can also be used to describe a single item that is made up of two or more things, like a cell phone that has a camera, a compass, and a timer. Word combination is a phrase that is used to describe a type of word. There are many types of word combinations, such as synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, heteronyms and homophones. Word combination can be a great way for students to help expand their vocabulary, but they should make sure that they understand how to effectively use these kinds of words.

Another word for Combination, What is another word Combination

Word; Combination

Meaning; compound, composition, combining

Another Words For Combination

  • compound
  • composition
  • combining
  • joining
  • integration
  • assembling
  • unification
  • unity
  • union
  • unit
  • alliance
  • collaboration
  • mixing
  • mix
  • stir
  • shuffling
  • shuffle

Here are 800 Another Words List;

Another Words List – A
abandon – desert
abbreviate – shorten
ability – aptitude
able – qualified
above – overhead
abundant – ample
accurate – correct
achieve – accomplish
adjourn – recess
advocate – support
after – following
afraid – scared
aggressive – militant
aid – assist
always – forever
amateur – novice
ambitious – driven
antagonize – embitter
apparent – obvious,evident
approve – ratify,endorse
arrive – come
arrogant – stuck-up
awful – atrocious
awkward – clumsy

Another Words List – B
ban – prohibit
barren – unproductive
bashful – shy
beautiful – pretty,
before – prior
beginning – start
blend – mix
bottom – base
brave – heroic
break – burst
brief – short
broad – wide,expansive
busy – active
buy – purchase

Another Words List – C
calm – quiet
capture – arrest
care – concern
careful – watchful
cease – stop,
certain – positive
charming – enchanting
chilly – cool
chubby – plump
comical – amusing
complex – complicated
competent – capable
comprehend – grasp
complete – conclude
complex – intricate
compress – crush
concrete – real
concur – agree
condemn – ,denounce
condense – compress
confess – admit
confine – contain
conflict – oppose
conflict – fight
conform – comply
confuse – muddle
congested – overcrowded
connect – join
conscientious – scrupulous
conscious – aware
consecutive – successive
conservative – cautious
considerate – thoughtful
constantly – always
contaminate – pollute
contented – satisfied
continue – persevere
convalesce – heal
convenient – handy
cozy – comfortable
cranky – irritable
crazy – daft
cruel – mean
cry – sob

Another Words List – D
dally – linger
damage – hurt
dangerous – perilous
daring – bold
dark – dismal
dawn – daybreak
dead – lifeless
decay – rot
deduct – subtract
defend – protect
defy – resist
delicate – fragile
demolish – destroy
denounce – blame
dense – thick
depart – leave,exit
detach – separate
deter – hinder,prevent
determined – sure
die – expire,perish
different – distinct
difficult – hard
dilute – weaken
drab – dull
drastic – severe
dreadful – terrible
dry – arid,parched
dubious – doubtful
dull – blunt
dumb – dense

Another Words List – E
early – beforetime
easy – simple
eccentric – unusual
ecstasy – elation
empty – unload
encourage – urge
enemy – opponent
enjoy – like
enlarge – expand
evident – apparent
evil – bad
exceptional – outstanding
excite – arouse,
exhilarated – elated
explicit – exact
exquisite – delightful
exterior – outside
extravagant – luxurious

Another Words List – F
fabulous – marvelous
face – confront
fair – honest
fake – artificial
false – incorrect
fancy – ornate
fantastic – outrageous
fast – rapid
fat – chubby
fatal – deadly
fatigue – tire
feasible – possible
feeble – weak
ferocious – fierce
fertile – fruitful
fiction – fantasy
fill – load
fix – mend
follow – succeed
forbid – prohibit
forgive – pardon
former – previous
fraction – part
frank – candid
frenzy – fury
fresh – unused
friend – comrade
frigid – freezing
frivolous – trivial
front – fore
full – packed
furious – enraged
future – coming

Another Words List – G
gain – acquire
gallant – chivalrous
gather – accumulate
gaudy – showy
gaunt – scrawny
generous – giving
gentle – mild
genuine – authentic
gigantic – immense
give – donate,present
glad – happy
gloomy – dark
glorious – splendid,
good – nice
gratitude – thankfulness
great – outstanding

Another Words List – H
handy – useful
hard – firm
hate – loathe
help – aid
high – lofty
hold – grip
honest – sincere
hospitable – welcoming
hostile – antagonistic
huge – vast
humble – modest
humiliate – embarrass

Another Words List – I
identical – alike
idle – inactive
ignorant – uninformed
immaculate – pure
immature – inexperienced
immune – resistant
impartial – neutral
impatient – eager
imperative – mandatory
imperfect – marred
impetuous – impulsive
important – significant
independent – self-reliant
inferior – lesser
infuriate – enrage
intermittent – sporadic
internal – inner

Another Words List – J,K,L
jolly – merry
jubilant – overjoyed
keep – save
kind – considerate
lament – mourn
large – big
last – final
least – fewest
legible – readable
lenient – lax
listless – lethargic
logical – sensible
long – lengthy
loose – slack,limp
lure – attract
luxurious – extravagant

Another Words List – M
magnify – expand
mandatory – required
maneuver – manipulate
maximum – greatest
meager – scanty
mean – unkind
mediocre – fair
mend – repair
migrant – drifting
militant – combative
minor – lesser
mirth – merriment
mischievous – naughty
misfortune – hardship
mobile – moveable
moderate – temperate
momentous – important
monotonous – boring
moral – righteous
morbid – ghastly
morose – moody
mourn – lament
mysterious – occult

Another Words List – N
naughty – wrong
neat – clean
negligent – derelict
nervous – flustered
neutral – impartial
new – unused
nice – pleasing
nonchalant – indifferent
normal – ordinary
numerous – abundant

Another Words List – O
obey – mind
oblivious – dazed
obnoxious – abominable
observe – examine
obsolete – dated
obstinate – stubborn
odd – peculiar
offend – displease
ominous – menacing
opaque – obscure
open – begin
opponent – rival
optimistic – confident
optional – elective
ordinary – average
outrageous – shocking
outstanding – distinguished

Another Words List – P
painstaking – precise
passive – compliant
past – former
patience – tolerance
peculiar – weird
perfect – flawless
permanent – enduring
perpetual – eternal
persuade – convince
plausible – believable
plentiful – ample
pliable – supple
polite – gracious
poor – destitute
portion – part
possible – conceivable
precarious – dangerous
precious – cherished
prejudiced – opinionated
premature – early,hasty
premeditated – intended
preserve – uphold
pretty – lovely
prevalent – widespread
prevent – prohibit
probable – liable
proficient – adept
profit – gain
prohibit – forbid
prominent – eminent
prompt – punctual
prosperous – successful
proud – elated
push – shove,propel

Another Words List – Q,R
qualified – competent
question – interrogate
quiet – silent
quit – cease
racket – noise
radiant – luminous
raise – hoist
ratify – approve
rational – logical
ravage – devastate
raze – destroy
recreation – amusement
reduce – decrease
refute – contradict
regular – routine
regulate – oversee
relevant – pertinent
reluctant – unwilling
remote – secluded
repulsive – hideous
resist – oppose
retaliate – avenge
reveal – disclose
risky – hazardous
rowdy – boisterous
rude – impolite

Another Words List – S
sad – unhappy
same – alike
savage – uncivilized
save – preserve
scarce – scanty
scrawny – skinny
seize – apprehend
separate – divide
serene – peaceful
serious – grave
shrewd – cunning
shy – timid
sick – ailing
slim – thin
sluggish – listless
small – little
smooth – slick
sociable – friendly
sorrow – woe
special – exceptional
spontaneous – instinctive
stable – steady
stationary – fixed
stimulate – motivate
stop – quit
strenuous – vigorous
strict – stringent
strong – powerful
stupid – unintelligent
subsequent – following
successful – thriving
sufficient – ample
superb – magnificent
suppress – restrain
surplus – excess
swift – fast,speedy,hasty
synthetic – artificial

Another Words List – T
tall – high
tangible – concrete
taut – tense,tight,stiff
tender – delicate
terrible – dreadful
thaw – melt,defrost
thrifty – economical
thrive – prosper
total – whole,entire
trivial – insignificant
turbulent – tumultuous
turmoil – commotion

Another Words List – U,V
unbiased – impartial
upset – perturb,ruffle
urgent – crucial
vacant – unoccupied
vague – unclear
valiant – courageous
vibrate – quiver,tremble
vicious – malicious
victory – triumph,win
virtuous – righteous
vulgar – offensive,uncouth

Another Words List – W
wealth – riches,prosperity
weary – tired,fatigued
wholehearted – earnest
wild – uncivilized
win – triumph,prevail
wise – knowing,smart
wonderful – marvelous
worn – used
wrong – mistaken

Another Words List – Y,Z
yield – produce
zenith – peak,pinnacle

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[ kom-buhney-shuhn ]

/ ˌkɒm bəˈneɪ ʃən /

This shows grade level based on the word’s complexity.


noun

the act of combining or the state of being combined.

a number of things combined: a combination of ideas.

something formed by combining: A chord is a combination of notes.

an alliance of persons or parties: a combination in restraint of trade.

the set or series of numbers or letters used in setting the mechanism of a combination lock.

the parts of the mechanism operated by this.

Often combinations. a suit of underwear in one piece.

Mathematics.

  1. the arrangement of elements into various groups without regard to their order in the group.
  2. a group thus formed.Compare permutation (def. 1).

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Origin of combination

1350–1400; Middle English combinacyoun (<Middle French ) <Late Latin combīnātiōn- (stem of combīnātiō), equivalent to combīnāt(us) combined (see combine, -ate1) + -iōn--ion

OTHER WORDS FROM combination

com·bi·na·tion·al, adjectivein·ter·com·bi·na·tion, nounnon·com·bi·na·tion, nounpre·com·bi·na·tion, noun

su·per·com·bi·na·tion, nounun·com·bi·na·tion·al, adjective

Words nearby combination

combed yarn, comber, comber board, comb-footed spider, combinable, combination, combination door, combination drug, combination last, combination lock, combination principle

Dictionary.com Unabridged
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2023

Words related to combination

combo, consolidation, merger, mix, sequence, solution, partnership, aggregate, amalgam, amalgamation, blending, brew, coalescence, composite, compound, connection, fusion, junction, medley, miscellany

How to use combination in a sentence

  • The waxing and waning of the infections every year is a combination of the potential for transmission at different times combined with how many susceptible people there are in the population.

  • “All pain experiences are a combination of physical and emotional responses,” Robertson says.

  • “The combination of these problems doomed the Lion Air and Ethiopian Airlines flights,” the report said.

  • A particular combination of atoms will always react with other chemicals in the same way.

  • To create a more visually engaging setting for Disrupt’s programming, TechCrunch created a 3D rendering of the Moscone Center using a combination of green screens, real sets and video call-ins from guests.

  • He uses some combination of the words comfort or discomfort in regards to how he feels about situations over 30 times.

  • While the look worked for some, the combination of heat and chemicals took a toll on the hair of others.

  • But if he heard this combination of Greek and Cuban music, he would be forced to reconsider.

  • Late Thursday night, the House passed the combination continuing resolution/omnibus spending bill by a vote of 219-206.

  • “African-American males have some of the worst health data out of any sort of gender-race combination in our country,” he said.

  • Father, mother, sister, and brother all played and worked together with rare combination of sympathetic gifts.

  • The other was the spirited portrait of Baron von Friedericks, a happy combination of cavalier and soldier in its manly strength.

  • In the lungs hemoglobin forms a loose combination with oxygen, which it readily gives up when it reaches the tissues.

  • Before Ulm he nearly ruined Napoleon’s combination by failing to get in contact with the enemy.

  • About midnight the combination of sultry heat and banked clouds produced the usual results.

British Dictionary definitions for combination


noun

the act of combining or state of being combined

a union of separate parts, qualities, etc

an alliance of people or parties; group having a common purpose

  1. the set of numbers that opens a combination lock
  2. the mechanism of this type of lock

British a motorcycle with a sidecar attached

maths

  1. an arrangement of the numbers, terms, etc, of a set into specified groups without regard to order in the groupthe combinations of a, b, and c, taken two at a time, are ab, bc, ac
  2. a group formed in this way. The number of combinations of n objects taken r at a time is n !/[(nr)! r !]. Symbol: n C rCompare permutation (def. 1)

the chemical reaction of two or more compounds, usually to form one other compound

chess a tactical manoeuvre involving a sequence of moves and more than one piece

Derived forms of combination

combinational, adjective

Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition
© William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins
Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012

What is another word for combination?

3579 synonyms found

Pronunciation:

[ kˌɒmbɪnˈe͡ɪʃən], [ kˌɒmbɪnˈe‍ɪʃən], [ k_ˌɒ_m_b_ɪ_n_ˈeɪ_ʃ_ə_n]

Table of Contents

  • n.

    • eclecticism.

    • aggregate,
    • antenatal.

    • key,
    • code,
    • order,
    • bunch,
    • succession,
    • sequence.

    • near.

    • assemble.

    act (noun)

    • combination.

    admixture (noun)

    • minglings.

    affiliation (noun)

    • out-fits,
    • out fit,
    • joinings,
    • in-corporations,
    • mergings,
    • out fits,
    • banding togethers,
    • in-corporation,
    • in corporation,
    • in corporations,
    • tiein,
    • out-fit.

    aggregate (noun)

    • whole shooting matches,
    • whole schmears,
    • whole enchiladas,
    • the work,
    • whole ball wax.

    alliance (noun)

    • inter-relations,
    • inter-relation,
    • inter relations,
    • fraternizations,
    • inter relation.

    alliance, association (noun)

    • set,
    • confederacy,
    • circle,
    • confederation,
    • guild,
    • conspiracy,
    • club,
    • coterie,
    • combine,
    • hookup,
    • pool,
    • clique,
    • merging,
    • cahoots,
    • cabal,
    • mafia,
    • syndicate,
    • camarilla,
    • tie-up.

    alloy (noun)

    • intermixtures,
    • intermixture,
    • denaturant.

    arrangement (noun)

    • dis plays,
    • de-sign,
    • dis-plays,
    • de-signs,
    • de sign,
    • de signs,
    • dis positions,
    • dis-position,
    • dis play,
    • rangings,
    • dis-positions,
    • dis-play,
    • dis position.

    association (noun)

    • tieup,
    • re collection,
    • concomitances,
    • re-collections,
    • re-collection,
    • rat packs,
    • lumping togethers,
    • train thought,
    • re collections,
    • co operative,
    • co operatives.

    blend (noun)

    • interfusions,
    • inter-fusions,
    • inter-fusion,
    • inter fusion,
    • inter fusions.

    coalition (noun)

    • mergences,
    • anschlusses,
    • coadunations,
    • meldings.

    collaboration (noun)

    • joint efforts,
    • working togethers.

    collection (noun)

    • obtainings,
    • bringing together,
    • mobilizations,
    • caboodle,
    • mobilization.

    combination (noun)

    • mix,
    • amalgam,
    • assembly,
    • infusion,
    • brew,
    • mixture,
    • fusion,
    • commixture,
    • incorporation,
    • paste,
    • amalgamation,
    • conglomerate,
    • combining,
    • compound,
    • composite,
    • ensemble,
    • compounding.

    composition (noun)

    • formation,
    • invention,
    • inclusion,
    • fabrication,
    • embodiment,
    • compilation,
    • constitution,
    • construction.

    concentration (noun)

    • single mindednesses,
    • huddlings,
    • close attentions,
    • de-bate,
    • de liberation,
    • de-bates,
    • de bates,
    • focusings,
    • coalescings,
    • centerings,
    • de bate,
    • single-mindednesses,
    • de-liberation,
    • singlemindednesses,
    • de-liberations,
    • compactings,
    • convergings,
    • flockings,
    • de liberations,
    • single mindedness.

    concurrence (noun)

    • tandem,
    • synergy,
    • synchronism,
    • coincidence,
    • concurrence.

    conglomeration (noun)

    • hodge podge.

    connection (noun)

    • partnerhip,
    • conjointment,
    • junction.

    consolidation (noun)

    • consolidation.

    cooperation (noun)

    • coadjuvancies,
    • co operation,
    • logrollings,
    • co operations,
    • co action,
    • co actions,
    • confunctions,
    • playing balls,
    • co-actions,
    • teamings,
    • synergisms,
    • doing business withs,
    • combined efforts.

    faction (noun)

    • in sider,
    • in-sider.

    federation (noun)

    • syndications,
    • federacies.

    grouping (noun)

    • rangis.

    half-breed (noun)

    • crossbreeds,
    • mules,
    • Cross-breed,
    • mule,
    • miscegnation,
    • cross-breeds.

    hybrid (noun)

    • out crosses,
    • cross breed,
    • halfblood,
    • in-crosses,
    • in crosses,
    • miscegenations,
    • out-crosses,
    • half-castes,
    • half-bloods,
    • half castes,
    • half caste,
    • outcrosses,
    • incrosses,
    • halfbloods,
    • halfcastes,
    • halfcaste.

    integration (noun)

    • integration.

    junction/juncture (noun)

    • re unions,
    • plugins,
    • cross road,
    • re union,
    • cross roads,
    • re-union,
    • inter-sections,
    • inter faces,
    • plug ins,
    • re-unions,
    • concursions,
    • inter-faces,
    • inter face,
    • inter sections,
    • inter section,
    • inter-section,
    • inter-face.

    lineup (noun)

    • lineup.

    mass (noun)

    • lions share,
    • great deals,
    • greater parts,
    • lion share.

    mess (noun)

    • un tidinesses,
    • de bris,
    • de-bris,
    • un tidiness,
    • de-brises,
    • un-tidinesses,
    • dis-organizations,
    • dis arrays,
    • every which ways,
    • un-tidiness,
    • de brises,
    • dis-arrays,
    • dis array,
    • dis organizations,
    • dis organization,
    • dis-organization,
    • dis-array.

    miscellany (noun)

    • Collectanea,
    • potpourri,
    • salad,
    • Pasticcio.

    mixed bag (noun)

    • all sorts,
    • montages,
    • montage.

    mixture (noun)

    • mongrel,
    • emulsion,
    • mash,
    • stew,
    • amalgamate,
    • blending,
    • elixir,
    • decoction,
    • meld.

    mixture, blend (noun)

    • coalescence,
    • solution.

    Other relevant words: (noun)

    • joint effort,
    • Anschluss,
    • troves,
    • association,
    • group,
    • combo,
    • coming together,
    • staples,
    • whole ball of wax,
    • symbiosis,
    • integrals,
    • merger,
    • collocations,
    • union,
    • dualities,
    • mutualities,
    • Interfusion,
    • sectors,
    • miscellany,
    • trove,
    • plug in,
    • single-mindedness,
    • mishmash,
    • synergism,
    • hodgepodge,
    • consortia,
    • fixed order,
    • connection,
    • interface,
    • mortise,
    • co-action,
    • outcross,
    • combos,
    • league,
    • whole,
    • mixings,
    • Massing,
    • takeover,
    • massings,
    • system,
    • unity,
    • matings,
    • close attention,
    • Melding,
    • whole shooting match,
    • coalition,
    • give and take,
    • crossbreed,
    • Juntos,
    • the works,
    • banding together,
    • cooperation,
    • mergence,
    • gross,
    • co-operative,
    • consociations,
    • concomitance,
    • soups,
    • partnership,
    • orderings,
    • Collectivity,
    • Federacy,
    • Coadunation,
    • great deal,
    • pair,
    • shooting match,
    • collocation,
    • mutuality,
    • co-operation,
    • Olio,
    • Monopolies,
    • Teaming,
    • soup,
    • tribe,
    • plug-ins,
    • medley,
    • collection,
    • confunction,
    • concoction,
    • syndication,
    • sum,
    • whole shebang,
    • package,
    • coupler,
    • consortium,
    • insider,
    • interrelation,
    • match,
    • messes,
    • organization,
    • miscegenation,
    • intensifications,
    • doing business with,
    • admixture,
    • responsiveness,
    • co-ordination,
    • organisms,
    • mess,
    • composition,
    • coupling,
    • logrolling,
    • junto,
    • miter,
    • plugin,
    • Gallimaufry,
    • lumping together,
    • dyads,
    • plug-in,
    • hook line and sinker,
    • grouping,
    • coordinations,
    • combined effort,
    • Cross-road,
    • deuce,
    • incross,
    • party,
    • gang,
    • rat pack,
    • dyad,
    • takeovers,
    • MITERS,
    • collaboration,
    • everything but the kitchen sink,
    • lock stock and barrel,
    • concursion,
    • federation,
    • in group,
    • tie in,
    • unification,
    • pairings,
    • Clusterings,
    • ideology,
    • faction,
    • cross-roads,
    • insiders,
    • whole enchilada,
    • Consociation,
    • sisterhood,
    • concentration,
    • Doublets,
    • blend,
    • splinter group,
    • alloy,
    • interfaces,
    • mass,
    • couplers,
    • coordination,
    • whole nine yards,
    • whole schmear,
    • motleys,
    • frame of reference,
    • co-operations,
    • deuces,
    • duality,
    • interrelations,
    • ingroup,
    • affiliation,
    • splice,
    • everything but kitchen sink,
    • conglomeration,
    • Coadjuvancy,
    • half-blood,
    • half-breed,
    • train of thought,
    • in-group,
    • doublet,
    • agglutination,
    • tie,
    • singlemindedness,
    • fraternity,
    • co-operatives,
    • logical order,
    • half-caste,
    • hybrid,
    • greater part,
    • mob,
    • two of a kind,
    • alliance,
    • Symbioses,
    • linkings,
    • mortises,
    • ring,
    • fraternization,
    • rangi,
    • arrangement,
    • synergies,
    • intensification,
    • cooperatives,
    • working together.

    package (noun)

    • biddle,
    • TINS,
    • Sheaves,
    • sheaf,
    • tin.

    pair (noun)

    • two of kind,
    • two kind,
    • two a kind.

    ring (noun)

    • ingroups,
    • in-groups,
    • in groups.

    system (noun)

    • co-ordinations,
    • co ordinations,
    • fixed orders,
    • co ordination,
    • logical orders,
    • frame reference.

    unification (noun)

    • interlockings.

    union (noun)

    • inter course,
    • agglutinations,
    • coming togethers,
    • uni sons,
    • uni son,
    • inter courses,
    • uni-son,
    • inter-course,
    • uni-sons,
    • inter-courses.

    unity (noun)

    • inter-connection,
    • undividedness,
    • inter-connections,
    • indivisibilities,
    • Soleness,
    • homogeneousness,
    • Indivisibility,
    • Integrality.

    variety (noun)

    • assortment.

    whole (noun)

    • whole nine yard,
    • lock stock and barrels,
    • lock stock barrel,
    • whole shebangs,
    • collectivities,
    • hook line and sinkers,
    • hook line sinkers,
    • hook line sinker,
    • lock stock barrels.
  • v.

    Other relevant words: (verb)

    • joining,
    • jumble.
  • Other synonyms:

    • Pass-key,
    • prognostic,
    • fast-acting,
    • prosthetic,
    • habit-forming,
    • gynecological,
    • surgical,
    • skeleton key,
    • antibacterial,
    • master key,
    • intravenous,
    • patchwork,
    • hypodermic,
    • broad-spectrum,
    • cross,
    • emollient,
    • hotchpotch,
    • crazy quilt,
    • melange,
    • ragbag,
    • orthopedic,
    • palliative,
    • psychoactive,
    • conjugation,
    • confection,
    • paramedical,
    • psychedelic,
    • powerful,
    • aseptic,
    • bloodless,
    • over-the-counter,
    • underwear,
    • hallucinatory,
    • hallucinogenic,
    • pharmaceutical,
    • nonprescription,
    • latchkey,
    • homeopathic,
    • conjunction,
    • marriage,
    • mixed bag,
    • mind-bending,
    • well-woman,
    • medical,
    • key ring,
    • mosaic,
    • POST OP,
    • postoperative,
    • tapestry,
    • curative,
    • confluence,
    • performance-enhancing,
    • synthesis,
    • Medicated.

    • remedial,
    • cohesion,
    • antimalarial,
    • prophylactic,
    • nonspecific,
    • elective,
    • psychiatric,
    • bionic,
    • sanitary,
    • diagnostic,
    • noninvasive,
    • medicinal,
    • oral,
    • therapeutic,
    • distribution,
    • cartel,
    • potent,
    • med,
    • health,
    • formulation,
    • minor,
    • holistic,
    • manipulative.

    • narcotic,
    • fob,
    • trust,
    • invasive,
    • corrective,
    • clinical,
    • bloc.

    • conventional.

    • attachment.

    • mild.

    • positive.

    • negative.

    • clear.

    assembly

    • gathering.

    Other relevant words:

    • uncleanness,
    • slews,
    • grumble,
    • realize,
    • grip,
    • metre,
    • veto,
    • summation,
    • line of descent,
    • service,
    • chess opening,
    • lead,
    • choking coil,
    • eyelet,
    • counterpoise,
    • distinguish,
    • unmortgaged,
    • parade,
    • relation back,
    • foul up,
    • bedding material,
    • oppugn,
    • basket rummy,
    • gobble,
    • payload,
    • play,
    • die,
    • dickens,
    • hope,
    • modification,
    • coil,
    • focussing,
    • connate,
    • take stock,
    • anchor ring,
    • circumstances,
    • military operation,
    • take aim,
    • blend in,
    • suspension system,
    • parsimony,
    • couple,
    • hall,
    • file cabinet,
    • allowance,
    • desegregation,
    • reduplicate,
    • allot,
    • mountain,
    • comparing,
    • sobriety,
    • strand,
    • kibosh,
    • founding,
    • hinder,
    • whoreson,
    • sheer,
    • atomic pile,
    • condense,
    • equilibrize,
    • uniformness,
    • foregather,
    • branch,
    • sequester,
    • regularize,
    • write in code,
    • rendering,
    • barrage fire,
    • agglutinating activity,
    • demulcent,
    • companion,
    • cut across,
    • genu,
    • tick,
    • exsanguine,
    • jamming,
    • decipherable,
    • twice,
    • birling,
    • disjuncture,
    • debilitation,
    • fate,
    • mannikin,
    • governing body,
    • central,
    • cringle,
    • prodigy,
    • go over,
    • bond certificate,
    • bottleful,
    • coquette,
    • cross-fertilisation,
    • oral exam,
    • effect,
    • social intercourse,
    • doubling,
    • equilibrise,
    • add,
    • cycle,
    • incorporated,
    • freeze,
    • sib,
    • supporter,
    • roadblock,
    • material,
    • befit,
    • affair,
    • push-down store,
    • faith,
    • helper,
    • alike,
    • cover,
    • comparability,
    • garland,
    • meeting of minds,
    • dealing,
    • block off,
    • bungle,
    • industrial plant,
    • suitcase,
    • exonerated,
    • sign,
    • interwoven,
    • work,
    • fitting,
    • essence,
    • installing,
    • beatnik,
    • fraudulent scheme,
    • indiscriminately,
    • commercial enterprise,
    • geartrain,
    • quite a little,
    • doughnut,
    • wee-wee,
    • marijuana cigarette,
    • adversary,
    • clone,
    • conflate,
    • blackball,
    • handbag,
    • circuit card,
    • involution,
    • disconnection,
    • miter joint,
    • view,
    • bond paper,
    • corner,
    • diligence,
    • looker,
    • crying,
    • lummox,
    • hunting lodge,
    • interrogate,
    • exsanguinous,
    • unfaltering,
    • conglutination,
    • coquet,
    • photographic emulsion,
    • wallow,
    • outwit,
    • simplification,
    • pretend,
    • deal out,
    • overconfident,
    • deeds,
    • unhurt,
    • sexual union,
    • revolve,
    • bulge,
    • get in touch,
    • business concern,
    • stuffiness,
    • lay away,
    • pay,
    • lap joint,
    • compact car,
    • oculus,
    • reprieve,
    • boot,
    • binder,
    • clean,
    • hatful,
    • centripetal,
    • inclosure,
    • bounderish,
    • pulley,
    • large number,
    • drum up,
    • transposition,
    • business firm,
    • paramedic,
    • reduce,
    • face of the earth,
    • heating system,
    • romance,
    • scheme,
    • cooking,
    • heart and soul,
    • dovetail joint,
    • reminiscence,
    • clog up,
    • mental process,
    • venial,
    • make happy,
    • unnumerable,
    • encumbrance,
    • underbred,
    • add up,
    • recollect,
    • foul,
    • duplication,
    • addictive,
    • exhaust,
    • reefer,
    • small fry,
    • ginmill,
    • limit,
    • tack together,
    • replicate,
    • inbuilt,
    • slap,
    • spinal fusion,
    • cup of tea,
    • constellate,
    • attendant,
    • embarrass,
    • even out,
    • charge,
    • railroad tie,
    • foundation,
    • enfeeblement,
    • old salt,
    • articulatio,
    • opposing,
    • wrack,
    • eec,
    • pull in,
    • glue,
    • confuse,
    • gumbo soil,
    • canvas,
    • drum,
    • crime syndicate,
    • 1,
    • rigidly,
    • adjust,
    • muddy,
    • magnetic declination,
    • waistband,
    • dickhead,
    • effectuate,
    • doubtfulness,
    • book,
    • foyer,
    • composite plant,
    • militarization,
    • healing,
    • disciplinal,
    • literary argument,
    • twit,
    • varicoloured,
    • railroad train,
    • sake,
    • diminution,
    • cookery,
    • jollify,
    • consistency,
    • depot,
    • localise,
    • paying attention,
    • numberless,
    • right-down,
    • pudding stone,
    • rope,
    • auction block,
    • bray,
    • bind off,
    • tintinnabulation,
    • lulu,
    • appeal,
    • coition,
    • conceptualisation,
    • cementum,
    • gird,
    • roller,
    • focalization,
    • counterchange,
    • goon,
    • dear,
    • wedlock,
    • installment,
    • induction,
    • rabble,
    • unfastener,
    • partner off,
    • textile,
    • summarise,
    • base,
    • bicycle-built-for-two,
    • telephone number,
    • reconcile,
    • glaring,
    • reference frame,
    • fall in,
    • bollocks,
    • readjustment,
    • make water,
    • soporific,
    • household,
    • option,
    • standstill,
    • concentre,
    • mystify,
    • shell,
    • wheel,
    • add-in,
    • portmanteau,
    • equivalence,
    • ask,
    • ashen,
    • divers,
    • nonaged,
    • tar,
    • get across,
    • cakehole,
    • calendar method,
    • countless,
    • earthy,
    • oddments,
    • transversal,
    • communicating,
    • telling,
    • confederative,
    • old ironsides,
    • run off,
    • put away,
    • skirt,
    • lying,
    • manikin,
    • crossway,
    • moor,
    • personal business,
    • simple machine,
    • software system,
    • intent,
    • cosmic string,
    • scramble,
    • call into question,
    • mess hall,
    • corps de ballet,
    • puddle,
    • plain,
    • heighten,
    • engage,
    • identify,
    • bitstock,
    • hybridisation,
    • cleave,
    • spousal relationship,
    • vigor,
    • whole kit,
    • egregious,
    • legion,
    • fascicule,
    • surgery,
    • synchrony,
    • premix,
    • pharmaceutic,
    • mortice,
    • receipt,
    • patch,
    • repose,
    • calico,
    • interruption,
    • find,
    • pocketbook,
    • hamlet,
    • consolidative,
    • organic structure,
    • big bucks,
    • backlog,
    • enjoin,
    • comradery,
    • rotary,
    • shut up,
    • ecumenicalism,
    • orthopaedic,
    • stock list,
    • civilise,
    • narcotizing,
    • draw a blank,
    • of course,
    • coiffe,
    • chemical element,
    • encrypt,
    • overreach,
    • even off,
    • people,
    • mental synthesis,
    • medicative,
    • jalopy,
    • plug into,
    • pulley block,
    • tease,
    • eu,
    • impede,
    • ramble,
    • clear up,
    • terminus,
    • multicolored,
    • fit in,
    • thick,
    • deaden,
    • exit,
    • scraps,
    • crabbed,
    • fiat,
    • chock up,
    • cling,
    • ecumenicism,
    • offset,
    • acculturation,
    • elected,
    • voltaic pile,
    • south,
    • attain,
    • planning,
    • circuit,
    • localize,
    • squeeze,
    • order of magnitude,
    • stimulate,
    • crowd together,
    • battle,
    • chew,
    • constitution of the united states,
    • down,
    • shuffle,
    • nonage,
    • consociate,
    • holy order,
    • cognitive process,
    • dominate,
    • mightily,
    • educate,
    • downright,
    • believe,
    • fry,
    • chat up,
    • preventative,
    • resonance,
    • take,
    • lineage,
    • nap,
    • absolute,
    • myriad,
    • hymeneals,
    • ensnare,
    • tilt,
    • linguistic rule,
    • multi-coloured,
    • autobus,
    • hullabaloo,
    • naturally,
    • complot,
    • trespassing,
    • sinewy,
    • realise,
    • serial publication,
    • cay,
    • run out,
    • consecrate,
    • entrance hall,
    • excitement,
    • bedding,
    • environ,
    • conciliate,
    • lenitive,
    • jumbal,
    • emcee,
    • arouse,
    • mental home,
    • distil,
    • adaptation,
    • stupefy,
    • nuclear fusion reaction,
    • unthaw,
    • pursuit,
    • strangulate,
    • go under,
    • miscellanea,
    • dixieland,
    • consistence,
    • commemoration,
    • cylinder block,
    • cast,
    • wedge,
    • designation,
    • balance wheel,
    • imprint,
    • incursive,
    • distribute,
    • data file,
    • positioning,
    • pacification,
    • pin,
    • centre,
    • conception,
    • kick the bucket,
    • obturate,
    • shading,
    • spring,
    • decease,
    • adhesion,
    • electronic network,
    • encircle,
    • while,
    • range of mountains,
    • sweat,
    • oral examination,
    • anteroom,
    • i,
    • clustered,
    • safe,
    • go up,
    • implication,
    • bureaucratic procedure,
    • administer,
    • pull up,
    • fastener,
    • numeral,
    • grind,
    • stiff,
    • voluminousness,
    • compactness,
    • register,
    • ride,
    • department of energy,
    • stays,
    • steady,
    • convergency,
    • run across,
    • facilitate,
    • lock away,
    • physical composition,
    • wedding party,
    • close,
    • play a trick on,
    • backpack,
    • constituent,
    • power train,
    • thaw,
    • coordinate system,
    • torso,
    • peach,
    • reference system,
    • necktie,
    • possible action,
    • telephone,
    • possession,
    • personify,
    • cook up,
    • doubt,
    • hook up with,
    • patchwork quilt,
    • swap,
    • lather,
    • flexible joint,
    • orthodontic braces,
    • forum,
    • worry,
    • course of instruction,
    • unharmed,
    • beau monde,
    • affright,
    • pick,
    • wish,
    • pocket-sized,
    • mellowness,
    • flip,
    • domiciliate,
    • sic,
    • march,
    • personal identity,
    • soldering,
    • by-blow,
    • regularise,
    • canvas tent,
    • library paste,
    • fable,
    • bludgeon,
    • drift,
    • easiness,
    • fearfulness,
    • identity operator,
    • ordination,
    • add together,
    • passe-partout,
    • relate,
    • conjure,
    • multiplex,
    • enterprisingness,
    • army corps,
    • middle,
    • pick up,
    • get married,
    • draw together,
    • charabanc,
    • parliamentary procedure,
    • ball,
    • dyer’s mignonette,
    • recall,
    • ordain,
    • political orientation,
    • cure,
    • pull out,
    • assent,
    • shipment,
    • illegitimate,
    • cram,
    • viva,
    • gemini,
    • pass water,
    • asshole,
    • reunification,
    • assiduity,
    • acquit,
    • sex act,
    • logical argument,
    • lay,
    • bolt out,
    • double up,
    • inquiry,
    • established,
    • guest,
    • mobilisation,
    • irrefutable,
    • presentation,
    • beaut,
    • whorl,
    • internalization,
    • sob,
    • crush,
    • focal point,
    • parsimoniousness,
    • sketch,
    • assoil,
    • ism,
    • entailment,
    • opus,
    • interrogation,
    • bad-tempered,
    • barrage,
    • plan,
    • theme,
    • scare,
    • remainder,
    • tote up,
    • curtain raising,
    • ancestry,
    • dead ringer,
    • kitty,
    • correct,
    • golf links,
    • randomly,
    • barricado,
    • purchase order,
    • compartmentalization,
    • multi-color,
    • tissue paper,
    • comradeliness,
    • dictate,
    • headstone,
    • intertwine,
    • blocking,
    • direct,
    • engine block,
    • peer,
    • two-bagger,
    • trade wind,
    • pocket-size,
    • flank,
    • cognitive operation,
    • half-bred,
    • tying,
    • assistance,
    • abeyance,
    • invading,
    • dish out,
    • outrank,
    • take a shit,
    • desegregate,
    • muck up,
    • causa,
    • interview,
    • musical rhythm,
    • wash up,
    • traffic circle,
    • marriage ceremony,
    • carry,
    • summate,
    • particoloured,
    • paper,
    • heaps,
    • mind,
    • practice,
    • fit out,
    • encounter,
    • objective,
    • elbow joint,
    • mete out,
    • align,
    • trend,
    • cumulate,
    • curlicue,
    • buttonhole,
    • hustle,
    • variety show,
    • ticktack,
    • subcutaneous,
    • bagful,
    • decamp,
    • centering,
    • mitigatory,
    • bumble,
    • deal,
    • double over,
    • invent,
    • gag,
    • boxwood,
    • sweet,
    • ii,
    • matching,
    • software,
    • tax deduction,
    • computer code,
    • naval division,
    • beingness,
    • preference,
    • tucker,
    • consanguineous,
    • entree,
    • sweep,
    • prenatal,
    • link up,
    • ontogenesis,
    • ordinate,
    • play off,
    • resultant role,
    • contract bridge,
    • conformity,
    • constipate,
    • porcine,
    • stage business,
    • shell out,
    • mutualness,
    • cud,
    • bon ton,
    • earn,
    • concretion,
    • resister,
    • tapered,
    • gear,
    • berth,
    • intensity,
    • arguing,
    • relegate,
    • nearly,
    • increment,
    • aggregative,
    • honor,
    • at random,
    • stifle,
    • unmannered,
    • draft,
    • damaging,
    • radical,
    • stool,
    • ec,
    • centralisation,
    • sectionalisation,
    • swelling,
    • dispersion,
    • employment,
    • substitute,
    • exonerate,
    • sell,
    • belief,
    • individuation,
    • line of work,
    • escort,
    • dance band,
    • get together,
    • vitality,
    • conceptualization,
    • whole kit and boodle,
    • couplet,
    • thwart,
    • exercise set,
    • gasbag,
    • prescribe,
    • smack,
    • bowed stringed instrument,
    • intersection point,
    • orientation course,
    • formal,
    • seafarer,
    • conference,
    • bowl,
    • regulate,
    • fret,
    • primitive,
    • phylogenetic relation,
    • civilize,
    • smart set,
    • summarize,
    • mutant,
    • blank out,
    • asylum,
    • clear-cut,
    • toller,
    • cincture,
    • bloodshed,
    • facility,
    • sundry,
    • fuckup,
    • found,
    • law of similarity,
    • heavyset,
    • apparatus,
    • pond,
    • edifice,
    • development,
    • brand,
    • edition,
    • comprehensiveness,
    • contend,
    • halo,
    • statistical distribution,
    • cloudy,
    • antechamber,
    • master of ceremonies,
    • intention,
    • burl,
    • variance,
    • mickle,
    • social station,
    • chronological sequence,
    • feeling,
    • many-sided,
    • pack together,
    • lock up,
    • interpretation,
    • agglomerated,
    • multifaceted,
    • doctrine,
    • devil,
    • first step,
    • willy-nilly,
    • built-in,
    • plenty,
    • fused,
    • stabilize,
    • debar,
    • fender,
    • engrossment,
    • growl,
    • approach pattern,
    • okra plant,
    • lowbred,
    • psychotropic,
    • parole,
    • theatre,
    • gradation,
    • mannequin,
    • building complex,
    • hypo,
    • single,
    • coalesced,
    • public debate,
    • stumblebum,
    • product,
    • youngster,
    • shipwreck,
    • plant,
    • debase,
    • full,
    • backup,
    • auxiliary,
    • antibacterial drug,
    • preventive,
    • roster,
    • direction,
    • folk,
    • structured,
    • open,
    • arranging,
    • jack,
    • count,
    • hale,
    • phoney,
    • rumple,
    • organic law,
    • fluctuation,
    • crosstie,
    • echo,
    • prescript,
    • coif,
    • roundabout,
    • conk,
    • chemical attraction,
    • nag,
    • parti-color,
    • galax,
    • dual,
    • exculpate,
    • confiscate,
    • mishandle,
    • serenity,
    • collaborator,
    • accretion,
    • forgather,
    • kindliness,
    • metal,
    • estimate,
    • homogenisation,
    • translation,
    • fake,
    • apposition,
    • sum of money,
    • say,
    • tier,
    • slew,
    • cream,
    • cabaret,
    • bogus,
    • outgrowth,
    • deposit,
    • solid,
    • spread,
    • adjuvant,
    • disorder,
    • ill-mannered,
    • hamper,
    • undoer,
    • beak,
    • soma,
    • doe,
    • chumminess,
    • fly,
    • proportionality,
    • grummet,
    • pause,
    • hive up,
    • blunder,
    • putsch,
    • authorize,
    • world wide web,
    • asphyxiate,
    • portmanteau word,
    • workings,
    • regular recurrence,
    • serial,
    • blockade,
    • penny-pinching,
    • healthful,
    • agree,
    • dozens,
    • prototype,
    • stake,
    • rail off,
    • defecate,
    • paint,
    • unclutter,
    • mutation,
    • furrow,
    • maffia,
    • avatar,
    • surveil,
    • garbage disposal,
    • feeding bottle,
    • fit,
    • spend a penny,
    • crunch,
    • artwork,
    • grayback,
    • fluff,
    • equalize,
    • reign,
    • endeavor,
    • accrual,
    • range,
    • crap,
    • stock-take,
    • flap,
    • cultivate,
    • nursing bottle,
    • occupation,
    • lucifer,
    • mighty,
    • confluent,
    • termination,
    • lout,
    • ecesis,
    • get to,
    • energize,
    • home,
    • bring,
    • symptomatic,
    • portion,
    • totally,
    • coordination compound,
    • fix,
    • pot,
    • wonder,
    • fellow feeling,
    • mental confusion,
    • incarnation,
    • kit and caboodle,
    • police lineup,
    • marry,
    • bobble,
    • homework,
    • ball club,
    • saloon,
    • help oneself,
    • interrelationship,
    • political theory,
    • accessory,
    • unwritten,
    • halt,
    • component,
    • rag,
    • unclean,
    • pit,
    • frame,
    • tamp,
    • unbendable,
    • theater,
    • antagonist,
    • gang fight,
    • musical composition,
    • herculean,
    • build,
    • painted,
    • warming,
    • get hitched with,
    • solidness,
    • trounce,
    • frustrate,
    • sexual relation,
    • nominate,
    • lots,
    • loanblend,
    • variant,
    • knock-down,
    • pyramids of egypt,
    • rumbling,
    • coherency,
    • inclusion body,
    • baggage,
    • muscular,
    • reverberate,
    • fuck up,
    • trail,
    • postulate,
    • line,
    • readable,
    • professing,
    • ram,
    • intersect,
    • press,
    • mobilize,
    • extra,
    • meat,
    • board,
    • glob,
    • tally,
    • orifice,
    • lymph gland,
    • adoption,
    • sharpen,
    • moderation,
    • annex,
    • revile,
    • offstage,
    • u.s. constitution,
    • friendly relationship,
    • lock in,
    • endure,
    • vestibule,
    • paradigm,
    • uncivil,
    • discover,
    • lymph node,
    • mix-up,
    • idea,
    • conjunct,
    • arrange,
    • colonial,
    • checkup,
    • registration,
    • keystone,
    • law of proximity,
    • amaze,
    • situated,
    • lap,
    • meshing,
    • tons,
    • focalize,
    • banish,
    • absquatulate,
    • abut,
    • converge,
    • articulate,
    • golfclub,
    • vex,
    • anatomy,
    • determined,
    • unit of measurement,
    • client,
    • restorative,
    • bivalent,
    • numerate,
    • immobile,
    • draw close,
    • murky,
    • aid,
    • hybridize,
    • voice,
    • concomitant,
    • go,
    • porta,
    • majority,
    • micturate,
    • onus,
    • stymy,
    • receipts,
    • become,
    • develop,
    • golf-club,
    • three-fold,
    • incontrovertible,
    • drawing string,
    • gang up,
    • merchandise,
    • messiness,
    • rear,
    • golf club,
    • slope,
    • loge,
    • carnal knowledge,
    • co-op,
    • mirky,
    • hypodermic syringe,
    • outcome,
    • contrive,
    • line of reasoning,
    • troth,
    • banter,
    • mellow,
    • chain of mountains,
    • thoroughgoing,
    • initiative,
    • dead,
    • job,
    • seduce,
    • unhurriedness,
    • survival,
    • oblige,
    • heating plant,
    • interlace,
    • innkeeper,
    • butt on,
    • piss,
    • temporary removal,
    • derivation,
    • fixation,
    • prevail,
    • bed,
    • atomic reactor,
    • gynecologic,
    • haleness,
    • sack up,
    • var.,
    • throttle,
    • mental block,
    • condition,
    • respite,
    • squirrel away,
    • musical arrangement,
    • flagrant,
    • summon,
    • piling,
    • orthopedical,
    • stacks,
    • spoil,
    • determine,
    • matter to,
    • physical body,
    • rationalisation,
    • soaking up,
    • mix in,
    • soft,
    • course of study,
    • depression,
    • swop,
    • photomosaic,
    • puzzle,
    • urinate,
    • complement,
    • industriousness,
    • affaire,
    • interweave,
    • fiction,
    • harness,
    • art,
    • position,
    • peace treaty,
    • interrelatedness,
    • means,
    • screw up,
    • access,
    • traffic pattern,
    • yokelish,
    • powder compact,
    • human relationship,
    • mound,
    • ravisher,
    • barroom,
    • come across,
    • masonry,
    • opposition,
    • rival,
    • crinkle,
    • anamnesis,
    • nipper,
    • confect,
    • retrieve,
    • parcel,
    • conglobation,
    • accompany,
    • list,
    • human knee,
    • equilibrate,
    • salving,
    • organise,
    • word,
    • musical harmony,
    • consequence,
    • memorial,
    • neutering,
    • old bag,
    • spate,
    • public opinion poll,
    • inveigh,
    • edge,
    • come on,
    • happenstance,
    • racquet,
    • confirming,
    • forked,
    • motivation,
    • radio link,
    • hatchway,
    • crumple,
    • chain reactor,
    • review,
    • conspire,
    • health check,
    • emergency brake,
    • acceptation,
    • ready,
    • lock chamber,
    • tucker out,
    • clod,
    • categorisation,
    • gawk,
    • quid,
    • disconfirming,
    • scads,
    • designing,
    • grommet,
    • procedure,
    • rubble,
    • tack,
    • methodicalness,
    • enquiry,
    • get,
    • pole,
    • dilute,
    • libra,
    • mind-blowing,
    • social structure,
    • obligate,
    • equivalent weight,
    • take form,
    • commit,
    • wooing,
    • pigeonholing,
    • levy en masse,
    • cargo,
    • legal jointure,
    • give,
    • harmonise,
    • squelch,
    • armoury,
    • knitwork,
    • muckle,
    • frame-up,
    • clump,
    • groom,
    • clan,
    • existence,
    • trick,
    • mend,
    • accruement,
    • billfold,
    • muster up,
    • patronage,
    • antimalarial drug,
    • catch up with,
    • untier,
    • interrogative sentence,
    • brawny,
    • dyer’s rocket,
    • pickle,
    • adulterate,
    • stria,
    • expose,
    • stick to,
    • rest,
    • clientele,
    • political party,
    • pee,
    • admittance,
    • thump,
    • decrease,
    • motive,
    • unnumberable,
    • axis vertebra,
    • succinct,
    • mending,
    • sectionalization,
    • smorgasbord,
    • inter-group communication,
    • rhythm method of birth control,
    • alleviative,
    • firmly,
    • destiny,
    • boo-boo,
    • dance orchestra,
    • narcotising,
    • shackle,
    • cash in one’s chips,
    • draw,
    • kit out,
    • sexual congress,
    • ilk,
    • quislingism,
    • alteration,
    • hold,
    • virile,
    • piddle,
    • tie down,
    • prognostication,
    • abridge,
    • cache,
    • perk up,
    • jibe,
    • fear,
    • stark,
    • launch,
    • single file,
    • physique,
    • concentrate,
    • diverseness,
    • sight,
    • quiver,
    • okra,
    • assiduousness,
    • companionship,
    • tie beam,
    • north,
    • variegate,
    • interlock,
    • calendar method of birth control,
    • one,
    • comprise,
    • typeset,
    • kid,
    • passenger vehicle,
    • coach,
    • social organization,
    • hoi polloi,
    • piles,
    • end,
    • labor union,
    • wed,
    • detritus,
    • selective service,
    • fade,
    • city block,
    • substitution,
    • unwaveringly,
    • notecase,
    • cluster,
    • beat out,
    • everlasting,
    • assistant,
    • medical checkup,
    • livid,
    • gene linkage,
    • auto,
    • primal,
    • internalisation,
    • fictionalization,
    • art object,
    • frighten,
    • factor,
    • fence in,
    • reproduction,
    • trustfulness,
    • medical exam,
    • melting,
    • analyse,
    • butt,
    • swan,
    • mark,
    • gyre,
    • rate,
    • well-nigh,
    • nub,
    • summary,
    • compeer,
    • perish,
    • scout troop,
    • accordance of rights,
    • florilegium,
    • cleared,
    • clutter,
    • sum up,
    • thorough,
    • scroll,
    • 144,
    • bandage,
    • radiation pattern,
    • tot,
    • comfit,
    • scuttle,
    • prick,
    • turn,
    • immix,
    • pass,
    • underclothes,
    • chemical formula,
    • transverse,
    • abide,
    • psychiatric hospital,
    • roil,
    • personal matters,
    • masses,
    • pore,
    • convention,
    • systematisation,
    • nidus,
    • install,
    • all in,
    • fuse,
    • tike,
    • completely,
    • fuddle,
    • sail,
    • vilify,
    • simple mindedness,
    • impose,
    • swivel,
    • stiffly,
    • crude,
    • all-purpose,
    • reaction,
    • incumbrance,
    • track,
    • out-and-out,
    • making,
    • load down,
    • luggage compartment,
    • contiguousness,
    • succus,
    • catch,
    • ringlet,
    • beat up,
    • mutualism,
    • negatively charged,
    • mass meeting,
    • face pack,
    • envelopment,
    • manakin,
    • exchange,
    • consummate,
    • desire,
    • geminate,
    • message,
    • perplex,
    • recruit,
    • ship’s company,
    • positive degree,
    • meeting place,
    • dumbfound,
    • standoff,
    • fill,
    • consanguine,
    • safety,
    • gulyas,
    • tiddler,
    • electronic jamming,
    • sexual intercourse,
    • nitty-gritty,
    • hardened,
    • english,
    • consort,
    • samara,
    • tangle,
    • pratfall,
    • antifertility,
    • contestation,
    • event,
    • stunt woman,
    • suspender,
    • disciplinary,
    • classification,
    • synchronization,
    • equipoise,
    • haphazardly,
    • crossing,
    • parking brake,
    • fencing,
    • take on,
    • locating,
    • concord,
    • right,
    • caravan,
    • master of education,
    • episode,
    • soldiery,
    • illegitimate enterprise,
    • arrant,
    • body structure,
    • comrade,
    • make believe,
    • helter-skelter,
    • prescribed,
    • vituperate,
    • part,
    • braces,
    • harmoniousness,
    • ringing,
    • hardening,
    • dead body,
    • sign of the zodiac,
    • think,
    • oaf,
    • fundamental law,
    • gravel,
    • mountain range,
    • pulsate,
    • sport,
    • interdependency,
    • contention,
    • small-scale,
    • truehearted,
    • solve,
    • loan-blend,
    • puffiness,
    • possibility,
    • spile,
    • video display,
    • paradiddle,
    • phony,
    • cardinal,
    • organize,
    • purpose,
    • change,
    • sanative,
    • night club,
    • grudge,
    • partner in crime,
    • blood-related,
    • bollocks up,
    • tidy sum,
    • flim-flam,
    • prevalence,
    • principle,
    • bod,
    • basket,
    • proboscis,
    • occlude,
    • rein,
    • sterile,
    • commingle,
    • tantamount,
    • rescript,
    • two-fold,
    • simultaneousness,
    • nestling,
    • gist,
    • dimension,
    • intercrossed,
    • cautionary,
    • stray,
    • colligate,
    • connecter,
    • bactericide,
    • switch,
    • partitioning,
    • warhead,
    • adhere,
    • ruler,
    • calculation,
    • round,
    • convulsion,
    • membership,
    • constriction,
    • gild,
    • stand,
    • blood relative,
    • shape,
    • consider,
    • examine,
    • ticktock,
    • word form,
    • cut,
    • counterbalance,
    • therapeutical,
    • grammatical construction,
    • luck,
    • blockage,
    • performance,
    • descriptor,
    • prepare,
    • cut through,
    • truss,
    • reactivity,
    • framework,
    • involve,
    • steadfast,
    • cipher,
    • grant,
    • collaborationism,
    • follow,
    • key fruit,
    • canister,
    • mansion,
    • come,
    • bunch up,
    • revel,
    • interrogative,
    • demand,
    • compile,
    • represent,
    • final result,
    • smasher,
    • concluding,
    • add-on,
    • compress,
    • motion,
    • flirt,
    • press out,
    • transpose,
    • leave,
    • manufacture,
    • insane asylum,
    • individualism,
    • slice,
    • arras,
    • moil,
    • wassail,
    • stunner,
    • kinship group,
    • fundamental,
    • multi-colored,
    • minginess,
    • mold,
    • resolution,
    • positivistic,
    • axial rotation,
    • thickening,
    • system of rules,
    • nibble,
    • adherence,
    • twin,
    • straightforwardness,
    • cubitus,
    • fulfill,
    • settle,
    • located,
    • richness,
    • go-ahead,
    • philosopher’s stone,
    • replace,
    • ceremonious,
    • musical accompaniment,
    • pull,
    • knell,
    • survival of the fittest,
    • stunt man,
    • bombardment,
    • rig,
    • rolling,
    • magnetic variation,
    • push,
    • approximate,
    • tolerant,
    • load up,
    • watchword,
    • distill,
    • peal,
    • multicolor,
    • fixture,
    • phone number,
    • drove,
    • hashish,
    • innumerable,
    • surgical procedure,
    • spliff,
    • suit of clothes,
    • small,
    • galvanic pile,
    • stymie,
    • parry,
    • push-down list,
    • transcription,
    • battalion,
    • fight,
    • come near,
    • narrow,
    • equating,
    • necessitate,
    • legal profession,
    • friction match,
    • omen,
    • twofold,
    • traveling bag,
    • produce,
    • burden,
    • smuttiness,
    • opinion,
    • twine,
    • meander,
    • notion,
    • otc,
    • closure,
    • come up,
    • straighten out,
    • camaraderie,
    • admission fee,
    • mussiness,
    • loop-the-loop,
    • white,
    • dethaw,
    • fast,
    • go down,
    • aggroup,
    • flub,
    • botch up,
    • server,
    • replacement,
    • concenter,
    • conform to,
    • virtually,
    • stomach,
    • keep down,
    • zip,
    • entente cordiale,
    • raillery,
    • take a leak,
    • crystalise,
    • indigence,
    • cognate word,
    • love child,
    • railing,
    • closed chain,
    • coiffure,
    • remedy,
    • double-dyed,
    • pith,
    • isthmus,
    • bell ringer,
    • loading,
    • runway,
    • adjunction,
    • wrinkle,
    • unshakable,
    • doubled,
    • data link,
    • report,
    • receive,
    • co-occurrence,
    • clog,
    • string along,
    • stretch,
    • parallelism,
    • pauperism,
    • fellow,
    • tapering,
    • crash,
    • penning,
    • counterweight,
    • interestingness,
    • degradation,
    • mates,
    • tauten,
    • mental picture,
    • throw,
    • gibe,
    • constitute,
    • brewage,
    • bring in,
    • patch up,
    • lay down,
    • normal,
    • partition,
    • motorbus,
    • incorporate,
    • price of admission,
    • understanding,
    • chassis,
    • assort,
    • connivance,
    • baffle,
    • full treatment,
    • work party,
    • combining weight,
    • fulfil,
    • face,
    • watch pocket,
    • positively charged,
    • cumulus,
    • tendency,
    • conflict,
    • solidifying,
    • close up,
    • entrap,
    • bring forward,
    • bail,
    • croak,
    • opening night,
    • inscribe,
    • light up,
    • mare’s nest,
    • comminute,
    • radiation diagram,
    • play a joke on,
    • unfluctuating,
    • trade union,
    • chunk,
    • score,
    • repair,
    • class,
    • eq,
    • innocence,
    • junk,
    • similar,
    • study,
    • accomplice,
    • meanness,
    • sleeper,
    • mix up,
    • lady’s-finger,
    • constrict,
    • contour,
    • federation of tribes,
    • par,
    • proportionateness,
    • gynaecological,
    • air division,
    • tell,
    • tyke,
    • stamp battery,
    • nightclub,
    • maturation,
    • mathematical group,
    • string up,
    • pick at,
    • anatomical structure,
    • touch base,
    • accommodation,
    • increase,
    • social rank,
    • assault and battery,
    • expression,
    • craft,
    • subject matter,
    • well-defined,
    • loyal,
    • rigid,
    • obstruct,
    • chemical group,
    • place,
    • scores,
    • even up,
    • annexe,
    • key out,
    • stabilise,
    • listen,
    • unanimous,
    • relative,
    • turnout,
    • solvent,
    • image,
    • stash,
    • waistcloth,
    • final,
    • grooming,
    • dictated,
    • bus,
    • heartsease,
    • serve,
    • outfox,
    • muddiness,
    • philosophical system,
    • razz,
    • whole kit and caboodle,
    • bole,
    • parcel out,
    • loads,
    • shelling,
    • grumpy,
    • transaction,
    • www,
    • practice bundling,
    • advisement,
    • military personnel,
    • relative majority,
    • crick,
    • regulation,
    • collocate,
    • hypothesis,
    • bushed,
    • multifarious,
    • smother,
    • mutt,
    • beseem,
    • backstage,
    • symmetricalness,
    • entireness,
    • the like,
    • dichotomy,
    • take a crap,
    • name,
    • advocacy group,
    • nigh,
    • axial motion,
    • public security,
    • ancillary,
    • medical examination,
    • concordat,
    • entrance fee,
    • raw,
    • drawstring,
    • process,
    • unwavering,
    • slowness,
    • duple,
    • bolt of lightning,
    • sheet,
    • objet d’art,
    • the great unwashed,
    • hybridizing,
    • squad,
    • sweetheart,
    • passel,
    • optic,
    • foreshorten,
    • ruffle,
    • contraceptive,
    • mobilise,
    • noise,
    • connector,
    • chronological succession,
    • equip,
    • occlusion,
    • enlighten,
    • food waste,
    • regard,
    • ecological succession,
    • browning automatic rifle,
    • exculpated,
    • hole,
    • soporiferous,
    • lay out,
    • placed,
    • rules of order,
    • multi-colour,
    • covenant,
    • vane,
    • skin color,
    • disappear,
    • hullo,
    • mate,
    • hostelry,
    • varicolored,
    • school,
    • sign up,
    • dominion,
    • bunch together,
    • particolored,
    • thrum,
    • entire,
    • third house,
    • social club,
    • whoop it up,
    • compare,
    • adulteration,
    • loop topology,
    • instauration,
    • good deal,
    • equate,
    • hiatus,
    • show,
    • fictionalisation,
    • intensify,
    • phase,
    • multicolour,
    • acceptance,
    • repeat,
    • twist,
    • shrink,
    • printing,
    • fiber bundle,
    • vagabond,
    • touch,
    • blanched,
    • ace,
    • hanging,
    • thwartwise,
    • striation,
    • gather,
    • rivet,
    • rophy,
    • muff,
    • segmentation,
    • wrench,
    • thawing,
    • batting order,
    • multiply,
    • yap,
    • compendium,
    • encroaching,
    • car,
    • gnarl,
    • unified,
    • meaning,
    • upheaval,
    • ravel,
    • deflect,
    • travelling bag,
    • stripe,
    • wave,
    • bear,
    • confident,
    • dole out,
    • training,
    • bankroll,
    • enumerate,
    • immobilise,
    • adhesiveness,
    • span,
    • optical fusion,
    • overlap,
    • dress circle,
    • strain,
    • federal,
    • sum total,
    • arrive at,
    • amour,
    • express,
    • unfreeze,
    • reply,
    • refuse,
    • pull a fast one on,
    • be,
    • hostel,
    • child,
    • machinate,
    • tightfistedness,
    • chemical chain,
    • rove,
    • stick out,
    • kindred,
    • herd,
    • monastic order,
    • roast,
    • psychiatrical,
    • have,
    • run,
    • harmonize,
    • ball up,
    • recognition,
    • constellation,
    • brood,
    • tot up,
    • remember,
    • man and wife,
    • loudness,
    • contact,
    • head,
    • most,
    • electronegative,
    • philander,
    • preparedness,
    • accommodative,
    • swither,
    • course of action,
    • constrictive,
    • squash,
    • growing,
    • commensurateness,
    • seth,
    • electric battery,
    • administration,
    • beetle off,
    • expire,
    • focalisation,
    • user interface,
    • tax write-off,
    • gearing,
    • human elbow,
    • streak,
    • pluck,
    • tantalise,
    • set out,
    • stocktaking,
    • free energy,
    • assist,
    • deepen,
    • utter,
    • concern,
    • cake,
    • disarrangement,
    • rout,
    • buy the farm,
    • admission charge,
    • accommodate,
    • boil,
    • whole caboodle,
    • boxful,
    • intrust,
    • supporting players,
    • inherent,
    • opening move,
    • connexion,
    • collect,
    • marrow,
    • synthetic thinking,
    • support,
    • copulate,
    • bail bond,
    • equalizer,
    • innovation,
    • fussy,
    • facultative,
    • fabricate,
    • hold fast,
    • constricting,
    • convinced,
    • alleviatory,
    • edict,
    • stocky,
    • disconnectedness,
    • social status,
    • menage,
    • building block,
    • shut away,
    • call,
    • banding,
    • meshwork,
    • kit up,
    • forget me drug,
    • panel,
    • surgical process,
    • residuum,
    • pauperization,
    • showing,
    • shorten,
    • seize,
    • endeavour,
    • disorganisation,
    • canasta,
    • compensate,
    • rampart,
    • compiling,
    • kettle of fish,
    • man,
    • occasion,
    • synchronicity,
    • hi,
    • crease,
    • courting,
    • energise,
    • check,
    • mental institution,
    • abbreviate,
    • paries,
    • blood relation,
    • flesh,
    • solicitation,
    • rail in,
    • ensue,
    • estimation,
    • refrain,
    • dubiousness,
    • niggardliness,
    • fortune,
    • tin can,
    • mental hospital,
    • nonplus,
    • vim,
    • twain,
    • sort,
    • pealing,
    • opinion poll,
    • pocket billiards,
    • melt down,
    • stilt,
    • forget,
    • resound,
    • butterfly,
    • deliberateness,
    • business enterprise,
    • schematic,
    • specialness,
    • take out,
    • shed light on,
    • sea dog,
    • speech rhythm,
    • business sector,
    • price reduction,
    • percipient,
    • case,
    • meek,
    • drum roll,
    • dish,
    • involvement,
    • sistership,
    • congregating,
    • mitre,
    • annulus,
    • balmy,
    • ground level,
    • automobile,
    • agglomerative,
    • wandflower,
    • cur,
    • extension,
    • tramp,
    • initiation,
    • sodding,
    • break,
    • shaver,
    • confide,
    • booking,
    • stock-taking,
    • knit stitch,
    • grumbling,
    • project,
    • bringing close together,
    • synchroneity,
    • haschisch,
    • stamp,
    • fixed,
    • two-base hit,
    • reliance,
    • illuminate,
    • sort out,
    • jampack,
    • last,
    • benignity,
    • queer,
    • steadfastly,
    • put,
    • inn,
    • preoccupation,
    • natural,
    • united states constitution,
    • emplacement,
    • repress,
    • elicit,
    • lashings,
    • backchat,
    • slub,
    • attentiveness,
    • same,
    • trammel,
    • pied,
    • entrance money,
    • cook,
    • denseness,
    • concerted,
    • picture,
    • married couple,
    • material body,
    • caller,
    • query,
    • pulsation,
    • underclothing,
    • deductive reasoning,
    • blooper,
    • filing cabinet,
    • file away,
    • meter,
    • knee joint,
    • sign on,
    • revenue,
    • splicing,
    • undertake,
    • date,
    • comparable,
    • unmannerly,
    • dixie,
    • lug,
    • akin,
    • symmetry,
    • get-up-and-go,
    • box seat,
    • endovenous,
    • peace of mind,
    • rails,
    • mess up,
    • simpleness,
    • conjunctive,
    • encipher,
    • natural enclosure,
    • care,
    • put in,
    • functioning,
    • bust up,
    • make-up,
    • maw,
    • surgical operation,
    • predominate,
    • armory,
    • shuffling,
    • whiteness,
    • complete,
    • nine,
    • step-down,
    • boner,
    • bulwark,
    • collecting,
    • constitutional,
    • mariner,
    • entrust,
    • residue,
    • pureness,
    • hefty,
    • pass over,
    • row,
    • treble,
    • unclouded,
    • successiveness,
    • mountain chain,
    • swarm,
    • alterative,
    • defining,
    • winder,
    • scrag,
    • writing,
    • replication,
    • positivist,
    • altering,
    • seaman,
    • reciprocality,
    • countersign,
    • progress to,
    • can,
    • vanquish,
    • carrefour,
    • root,
    • port,
    • argue,
    • equality,
    • wave-particle duality,
    • crossbreeding,
    • erect,
    • cannister,
    • jitney,
    • fructify,
    • prep,
    • cadence,
    • inner circle,
    • closed circuit,
    • elective course,
    • argumentation,
    • alleviant,
    • drop dead,
    • validation,
    • reparation,
    • suffocate,
    • appointment,
    • devising,
    • sinlessness,
    • nose count,
    • underskirt,
    • piece of music,
    • keep company,
    • gain,
    • ill-bred,
    • jack-tar,
    • specify,
    • split,
    • rip out,
    • avail,
    • legal community,
    • knob,
    • parliamentary law,
    • tout ensemble,
    • entwine,
    • take in,
    • wedding ceremony,
    • tapis,
    • path,
    • critical point,
    • intermission,
    • confusedness,
    • taproom,
    • reach,
    • stringency,
    • us constitution,
    • duette,
    • aim,
    • synchronisation,
    • evoke,
    • crystallise,
    • fox,
    • pocket,
    • plug,
    • gallus,
    • scuff,
    • taunt,
    • rallying,
    • wholly,
    • voluminosity,
    • promenade,
    • adjacency,
    • faithful,
    • grad,
    • ointment,
    • muss,
    • rubber,
    • governance,
    • satisfy,
    • howdy,
    • cockle,
    • vigour,
    • wicket,
    • assembling,
    • butter churn,
    • heterogenous,
    • strong,
    • opposite,
    • run into,
    • reducing,
    • hybridise,
    • impound,
    • human body,
    • countersink,
    • thread,
    • conformation,
    • thunderbolt,
    • in tandem,
    • ca-ca,
    • bent,
    • construct,
    • light,
    • treasure trove,
    • son of a bitch,
    • dispense,
    • tolerate,
    • discipline,
    • military junta,
    • curing,
    • doubly,
    • declaration,
    • compartmentalisation,
    • make off,
    • suffer,
    • primed,
    • cartesian product,
    • tantalize,
    • inwardness,
    • identicalness,
    • dangling,
    • cheeseparing,
    • pitch,
    • uncounted,
    • deliberate,
    • brook,
    • modest,
    • energy department,
    • predictive,
    • mantrap,
    • dissolve,
    • vindicated,
    • authorise,
    • natural selection,
    • ontogeny,
    • half-slip,
    • watch chain,
    • call back,
    • require,
    • vary,
    • camp,
    • family relationship,
    • two-baser,
    • throw together,
    • amount of money,
    • ease,
    • upshot,
    • spell,
    • atomic number 50,
    • bunk,
    • act,
    • clean-cut,
    • skinny,
    • presage,
    • geometrical regularity,
    • buccal,
    • roll out,
    • bollix up,
    • hand brake,
    • simmpleness,
    • immingle,
    • fumble,
    • exhibit,
    • butt against,
    • fulminate,
    • business deal,
    • ratio,
    • underage,
    • udder,
    • coalescency,
    • mitigative,
    • rationalization,
    • wellness,
    • target,
    • creation,
    • clutch,
    • tamp down,
    • kernel,
    • illegitimate child,
    • rank and file,
    • chorus line,
    • big money,
    • bilk,
    • plastic,
    • alternate,
    • militarisation,
    • statement,
    • pulley-block,
    • greyback,
    • brighten,
    • preoccupancy,
    • introduction,
    • pee-pee,
    • team up,
    • converging,
    • poise,
    • plus,
    • iteration,
    • get over,
    • purse,
    • stock,
    • operate,
    • master,
    • wagon train,
    • dental amalgam,
    • answer,
    • courtship,
    • florida key,
    • packet,
    • establish,
    • scotch,
    • henchman,
    • oppose,
    • emergence,
    • morale,
    • stop,
    • clubhouse,
    • back up,
    • coltsfoot,
    • jell,
    • poll,
    • put up,
    • block up,
    • distich,
    • about,
    • take shape,
    • flux,
    • trap,
    • trustingness,
    • bloomer,
    • congress,
    • complex body part,
    • mingle-mangle,
    • operative,
    • degree,
    • indistinguishability,
    • infinite,
    • eyeball,
    • knockout,
    • fond regard,
    • excerpt,
    • recounting,
    • star sign,
    • temperament,
    • descent,
    • evaporate,
    • multifariousness,
    • the likes of,
    • choke coil,
    • pile up,
    • genial,
    • wander,
    • cellular inclusion,
    • wind,
    • net,
    • coitus,
    • consignment,
    • bundle up,
    • halter,
    • firearm,
    • interconnectedness,
    • reciprocation,
    • lode,
    • bollix,
    • bit,
    • cocksucker,
    • rebound,
    • measure,
    • axis of rotation,
    • plain stitch,
    • bait,
    • dash,
    • mesh,
    • extragalactic nebula,
    • chaw,
    • identity element,
    • choke up,
    • signifier,
    • portent,
    • bodily structure,
    • crabby,
    • manifold paper,
    • rafts,
    • prevention,
    • correspond,
    • motherfucker,
    • hayrick,
    • decree,
    • inclination,
    • blow,
    • taking over,
    • piebald,
    • push-down stack,
    • planetary house,
    • kin,
    • prevarication,
    • synaeresis,
    • wads,
    • affiliate,
    • team spirit,
    • perfect,
    • blueprint,
    • point of intersection,
    • heat,
    • unadulterated,
    • play tricks,
    • dally,
    • kink,
    • make merry,
    • mould,
    • bewilder,
    • stuff,
    • dress,
    • choice,
    • pivot man,
    • sn,
    • physical object,
    • associate degree,
    • opposer,
    • nightspot,
    • addle,
    • turn over,
    • traverse,
    • good,
    • compendious,
    • basketball hoop,
    • figure,
    • go off,
    • appurtenant,
    • categorization,
    • waver,
    • core,
    • equaliser,
    • electric pig,
    • card,
    • band together,
    • reserve,
    • abscond,
    • softening,
    • whole works,
    • provision,
    • mellow out,
    • interbreed,
    • beetleweed,
    • immobilize,
    • connective,
    • aesculapian,
    • moot,
    • crown of thorns,
    • lobby group,
    • knitting,
    • tumult,
    • snuff it,
    • cloth,
    • crystallize,
    • formative,
    • raft,
    • see,
    • minus,
    • commix,
    • louse up,
    • software package,
    • philosophers’ stone,
    • sect,
    • govern,
    • predilection,
    • pucker,
    • hen-peck,
    • business organization,
    • pinch,
    • laden,
    • roll up,
    • lade,
    • conscription,
    • automobile trunk,
    • vulgar,
    • congeal,
    • scout group,
    • sprain,
    • crisscross,
    • software program,
    • megabucks,
    • circuit board,
    • tear out,
    • bun,
    • ill-tempered,
    • rhythm method,
    • pair off,
    • congest,
    • special interest group,
    • admission price,
    • honour,
    • collage,
    • choke off,
    • enclosing,
    • megascopic,
    • center,
    • controversy,
    • electropositive,
    • passkey,
    • educe,
    • approach,
    • antepartum,
    • work over,
    • mother fucker,
    • innumerous,
    • readiness,
    • forgivingness,
    • cube,
    • trade in,
    • cohesiveness,
    • resultant,
    • freight,
    • improver,
    • roach,
    • describe,
    • synchronizing,
    • lubber,
    • corresponding,
    • pose,
    • unnumbered,
    • adequate,
    • give-up the ghost,
    • dissonance,
    • slapdash,
    • bad-mannered,
    • espouse,
    • intermix,
    • instal,
    • interbreeding,
    • level,
    • stick,
    • threefold,
    • europe,
    • rolling wave,
    • bracing,
    • top,
    • ingredient,
    • almost,
    • residual,
    • exclude,
    • feed,
    • social system,
    • outsmart,
    • curl,
    • incline,
    • stress,
    • high society,
    • twinned,
    • double-decker,
    • penury,
    • seethe,
    • pure,
    • flummox,
    • equilibrium,
    • routine,
    • origination,
    • school of thought,
    • pay off,
    • occupy,
    • hobo camp,
    • soundbox,
    • regalia,
    • dust,
    • special interest,
    • bridal,
    • tonality,
    • byplay,
    • interest group,
    • various,
    • eclectic method,
    • enervation,
    • frat,
    • wrick,
    • lading,
    • heart,
    • focalise,
    • create,
    • corset,
    • stoppage,
    • gap,
    • fasciculus,
    • intact,
    • peacefulness,
    • parameter,
    • fold,
    • smokestack,
    • resume,
    • push-down storage,
    • mating,
    • ignition lock,
    • tree trunk,
    • tautness,
    • duad,
    • pound,
    • disputation,
    • composing,
    • interdependence,
    • identity parade,
    • pass away,
    • salutation,
    • motorcar,
    • relieve oneself,
    • induce,
    • grizzle,
    • unscathed,
    • entirely,
    • disorderliness,
    • merged,
    • look-alike,
    • density,
    • section,
    • complicated,
    • jazz group,
    • sports meeting,
    • special-interest group,
    • stage set,
    • cramp,
    • cypher,
    • multitude,
    • gear up,
    • laid,
    • barter,
    • border,
    • sack,
    • phone,
    • kit and boodle,
    • draw out,
    • call for,
    • prognosticative,
    • brass,
    • unify,
    • gobs,
    • analyze,
    • chasteness,
    • grouchy,
    • pop off,
    • weighing,
    • ataraxis,
    • condom,
    • subtraction,
    • reading,
    • discount,
    • jazz band,
    • leaf node,
    • half-blooded,
    • mint,
    • define,
    • model,
    • thickset,
    • authorship,
    • raise,
    • motorcoach,
    • holdfast,
    • cause,
    • wrap,
    • peck at,
    • agitation,
    • raiment,
    • crystalize,
    • nosecount,
    • 2,
    • muffle,
    • surround,
    • watch guard,
    • haystack,
    • geological formation,
    • cocksure,
    • instalment,
    • secretiveness,
    • forge,
    • location,
    • traffic,
    • war paint,
    • coup,
    • lawsuit,
    • circumvent,
    • arial mosaic,
    • confidence,
    • drivel,
    • shit,
    • discussion,
    • accession,
    • all the way,
    • heartbeat,
    • equalise,
    • elucidate,
    • alleviator,
    • want,
    • inventorying,
    • discharge,
    • nuptials,
    • undulate,
    • parallel,
    • issue,
    • content,
    • pastime,
    • foul-up,
    • typography,
    • draw near,
    • arbitrarily,
    • how-do-you-do,
    • foil,
    • readying,
    • pulse,
    • altogether,
    • side of meat,
    • abatement,
    • oecumenism,
    • immersion,
    • flip-flop,
    • baseball club,
    • roam,
    • excogitation,
    • chemical bond,
    • kin group,
    • wee,
    • small-arm,
    • bang,
    • tandem bicycle,
    • absolved,
    • appraise,
    • flow,
    • crossroad,
    • clearly,
    • staring,
    • restraint,
    • sash.

How to use «Combination» in context?

Combination is the use of two or more elements to produce a combined effect. The use of combination can be seen in many different fields, ranging from art to engineering. In art, a combination of colors can create an effect that is unique and memorable. In engineering, the combination of materials can create a product that is reliable and durable.

The use of combination can be seen in many different fields, ranging from art to engineering. In art, a combination of colors can create an effect that is unique and memorable. In engineering, the combination of materials can create a product that is reliable and durable.

Paraphrases for Combination:

Paraphrases are highlighted according to their relevancy:
  • Equivalence

    • Noun, singular or mass
      conjunction.
  • Forward Entailment

    • Proper noun, singular
      coalition, coalitions.
    • Noun, singular or mass
      accumulation, coalition.
  • Reverse Entailment

    • Proper noun, singular
      blend.
    • Noun, singular or mass
      amalgam, blend, incorporation.
  • Independent

    • Proper noun, singular
      association, combining, Associations, slips, holdings.
    • Noun, singular or mass
      addition, admixture, agglomeration, arrangement, association, balance, collaboration, compatibility, compilation, complement, compounding, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, configuration, conjugate, connection, context, convergence, coordination, correlation, coupling, fusion, interconnection, intersection, jumpsuit, match, matching, merger, pair, partnership, reconciliation, series, synthesis, totality, unification, variety, whole, Conflation, co-operation, mechanisms, gaskets.
  • Other Related

    • Proper noun, singular
      combine, combined, combo, merge, mix.
    • Noun, singular or mass
      articulation, associate, assortment, combine, combined, combining, combo, compound, concert, confluence, conjugation, handset, interaction, interplay, juxtaposition, link, merge, mix, pairing, range, sum, tandem, Cumulation, mixes, intermingling, cocktail.
    • Verb, past tense
      combined.

Hypernym for Combination:

  • n.

    • group
      Colour Scheme, color scheme, combination in restraint of trade, amalgam, Haplotype, complexion.

Hyponym for Combination:

  • n.

    • act
      operation, mathematical process, mathematical operation.
    • group
      social unit, assemblage, alignment, sequence, collection, alliance, alinement, unit, coalition, accumulation, aggregation.

  • Defenition of the word combination

    • A collection of things that have been combined.
    • the act of arranging elements into specified groups without regard to order
    • a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities
    • an alliance of people or corporations or countries for a special purpose (formerly to achieve some antisocial end but now for general political or economic purposes)
    • a group of people (often temporary) having a common purpose; «they were a winning combination»
    • a sequence of numbers or letters that opens a combination lock; «he forgot the combination to the safe»
    • an occurrence that results in things being combined
    • the act of combining things
    • the act of combining things to form a new whole
    • a coordinated sequence of chess moves
    • a group of people (often temporary) having a common purpose
    • a sequence of numbers or letters that opens a combination lock

Synonyms for the word combination

    • amalgamation
    • arrangement
    • blend
    • code
    • combine
    • combining
    • compounding
    • grouping
    • mishmash
    • mixture
    • number sequence
    • order
    • pattern
    • permutation
    • recipe

Similar words in the combination

    • combination
    • combination’s
    • combinations

Hyponyms for the word combination

    • admixture
    • affixation
    • amalgam
    • attachment
    • blend
    • blending
    • color scheme
    • colour scheme
    • combination in restraint of trade
    • commixture
    • complexion
    • confusion
    • conjugation
    • consolidation
    • fusion
    • haplotype
    • integration
    • intermixture
    • interspersal
    • interspersion
    • jointure
    • mix
    • mixing
    • mixture
    • temperance
    • unification
    • union
    • uniting

Hypernyms for the word combination

    • accumulation
    • aggregation
    • alignment
    • alinement
    • alliance
    • assemblage
    • change of integrity
    • coalition
    • collection
    • mathematical operation
    • mathematical process
    • operation
    • sequence
    • social unit
    • union
    • unit

See other words

    • What is collie
    • The definition of collection
    • The interpretation of the word collect
    • What is meant by colleague
    • The lexical meaning collapse
    • The dictionary meaning of the word cold
    • The grammatical meaning of the word col
    • Meaning of the word cokehead
    • Literal and figurative meaning of the word coin
    • The origin of the word come on
    • Synonym for the word comedy
    • Antonyms for the word comfort
    • Homonyms for the word comma
    • Hyponyms for the word commandant
    • Holonyms for the word commentary
    • Hypernyms for the word commenter
    • Proverbs and sayings for the word commercial
    • Translation of the word in other languages commission

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Семинар 6 Combinability. Word Groups

KEY TERMS

Syntagmatics — linear (simultaneous) relationship of words in speech as distinct from associative (non-simultaneous) relationship of words in language (paradigmatics). Syntagmatic relations specify the combination of elements into complex forms and sentences.

Distribution — The set of elements with which an item can cooccur

Combinability — the ability of linguistic elements to combine in speech.

Valency — the potential ability of words to occur with other words

Context — the semantically complete passage of written speech sufficient to establish the meaning of a given word (phrase).

Clichе´ — an overused expression that is considered trite, boring

Word combination — a combination of two or more notional words serving to express one concept. It is produced, not reproduced in speech.

Collocation — such a combination of words which conditions the realization of a certain meaning
TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION AND EXERCISES
1. Syntagmatic relations and the concept of combinability of words. Define combinability.
Syntagmatic relation defines the relationship between words that co-occur in the same sentence. It focuses on two main parts: how the position and the word order affect the meaning of a sentence.

The syntagmatic relation explains:

The word position and order.

The relationship between words gives a particular meaning to the sentence.

The syntagmatic relation can also explain why specific words are often paired together (collocations)

Syntagmatic relations are linear relations between words

The adjective yellow:

1. color: a yellow dress;

2. envious, suspicious: a yellow look;

3. corrupt: the yellow press
TYPES OF SEMANTIC RELATIONS

Because syntagmatic relations have to do with the relationship between words, the syntagms can result in collocations and idioms.
Collocations
Collocations are word combinations that frequently occur together.

Some examples of collocations:

  • Verb + noun: do homework, take a risk, catch a cold.
  • Noun + noun: office hours, interest group, kitchen cabinet.
  • Adjective + adverb: good enough, close together, crystal clear.
  • Verb + preposition: protect from, angry at, advantage of.
  • Adverb + verb: strongly suggest, deeply sorry, highly successful.
  • Adjective + noun: handsome man, quick shower, fast food.

Idioms

Idioms are expressions that have a meaning other than their literal one.

Idioms are distinct from collocations:

  • The word combination is not interchangeable (fixed expressions).
  • The meaning of each component is not equal to the meaning of the idiom

It is difficult to find the meaning of an idiom based on the definition of the words alone. For example, red herring. If you define the idiom word by word, it means ‘red fish’, not ‘something that misleads’, which is the real meaning.

Because of this, idioms can’t be translated to or from another language because the word definition isn’t equivalent to the idiom interpretation.
Some examples of popular idioms:

  • Break a leg.
  • Miss the boat.
  • Call it a day.
  • It’s raining cats and dogs.
  • Kill two birds with one stone.

Combinability (occurrence-range) — the ability of linguistic elements to combine in speech.

The combinability of words is as a rule determined by their meanings, not their forms. Therefore not every sequence of words may be regarded as a combination of words.
In the sentence Frankly, father, I have been a fool neither frankly, father nor father, I … are combinations of words since their meanings are detached and do not unite them, which is marked orally by intonation and often graphically by punctuation marks.
On the other hand, some words may be inserted between the components of a word-combination without breaking it.

Compare,

a) read books

b) read many books

c) read very many books.

In case (a) the combination read books is uninterrupted.In cases (b) and (c) it is interrupted, or discontinuous(read… books).

The combinability of words depends on their lexical, grammatical and lexico-grammatical meanings. It is owing to the lexical meanings of the corresponding lexemes that the word wise can be combined with the words man, act, saying and is hardly combinable with the words milk, area, outline.

The lexico-grammatical meanings of -er in singer (a noun) and -ly in beautifully (an adverb) do not go together and prevent these words from forming a combination, whereas beautiful singer and sing beautifully are regular word-combinations.

The combination * students sings is impossible owing to the grammatical meanings of the corresponding grammemes.

Thus one may speak of lexical, grammatical and lexico-grammatical combinability, or the combinability of lexemes, grammemes and parts of speech.
The mechanism of combinability is very complicated. One has to take into consideration not only the combinability of homogeneous units, e. g. the words of one lexeme with those of another lexeme. A lexeme is often not combinable with a whole class of lexemes or with certain grammemes.
For instance, the lexeme few, fewer, fewest is not combinable with a class of nouns called uncountables, such as milk, information, hatred, etc., or with members of ‘singular’ grammemes (i. e. grammemes containing the meaning of ‘singularity’, such as book, table, man, boy, etc.).
The ‘possessive case’ grammemes are rarely combined with verbs, barring the gerund. Some words are regularly combined with sentences, others are not.

It is convenient to distinguish right-hand and left-hand connections. In the combination my hand (when written down) the word my has a right-hand connection with the word hand and the latter has a left-hand connection with the word my.

With analytical forms inside and outside connections are also possible. In the combination has often written the verb has an inside connection with the adverb and the latter has an outside connection with the verb.

It will also be expedient to distinguish unilateral, bilateral and multilateral connections. By way of illustration we may say that the articles in English have unilateral right-hand connections with nouns: a book, the child. Such linking words as prepositions, conjunctions, link-verbs, and modal verbs are characterized by bilateral connections: love of life, John and Mary, this is John, he must come. Most verbs may have zero

(Come!), unilateral (birds fly), bilateral (I saw him) and multilateral (Yesterday I saw him there) connections. In other words, the combinability of verbs is variable.

One should also distinguish direct and indirect connections. In the combination Look at John the connection between look and at, between at and John are direct, whereas the connection between look and John is indirect, through the preposition at.
2. Lexical and grammatical valency. Valency and collocability. Relationships between valency and collocability. Distribution.
The appearance of words in a certain syntagmatic succession with particular logical, semantic, morphological and syntactic relations is called collocability or valency.

Valency is viewed as an aptness or potential of a word to have relations with other words in language. Valency can be grammatical and lexical.

Collocability is an actual use of words in particular word-groups in communication.
The range of the Lexical valency of words is linguistically restricted by the inner structure of the English word-stock. Though the verbs ‘lift’ and ‘raise’ are synonyms, only ‘to raise’ is collocated with the noun ‘question’.

The lexical valency of correlated words in different languages is different, cf. English ‘pot plants’ vs. Russian ‘комнатные цветы’.
The interrelation of lexical valency and polysemy:

the restrictions of lexical valency of words may manifest themselves in the lexical meanings of the polysemantic members of word-groups, e.g. heavy, adj. in the meaning ‘rich and difficult to digest’ is combined with the words food, meals, supper, etc., but one cannot say *heavy cheese or *heavy sausage;

different meanings of a word may be described through its lexical valency, e.g. the different meanings of heavy, adj. may be described through the word-groups heavy weight / book / table; heavy snow / storm / rain; heavy drinker / eater; heavy sleep / disappointment / sorrow; heavy industry / tanks, and so on.

From this point of view word-groups may be regarded as the characteristic minimal lexical sets that operate as distinguishing clues for each of the multiple meanings of the word.
Grammatical valency is the aptness of a word to appear in specific grammatical (or rather syntactic) structures. Its range is delimited by the part of speech the word belongs to. This is not to imply that grammatical valency of words belonging to the same part of speech is necessarily identical, e.g.:

the verbs suggest and propose can be followed by a noun (to propose or suggest a plan / a resolution); however, it is only propose that can be followed by the infinitive of a verb (to propose to do smth.);

the adjectives clever and intelligent are seen to possess different grammatical valency as clever can be used in word-groups having the pattern: Adj. + Prep. at +Noun(clever at mathematics), whereas intelligent can never be found in exactly the same word-group pattern.

The individual meanings of a polysemantic word may be described through its grammatical valency, e.g. keen + Nas in keen sight ‘sharp’; keen + on + Nas in keen on sports ‘fond of’; keen + V(inf)as in keen to know ‘eager’.
Lexical context determines lexically bound meaning; collocations with the polysemantic words are of primary importance, e.g. a dramatic change / increase / fall / improvement; dramatic events / scenery; dramatic society; a dramatic gesture.
In grammatical context the grammatical (syntactic) structure of the context serves to determine the meanings of a polysemantic word, e.g. 1) She will make a good teacher. 2) She will make some tea. 3) She will make him obey.
Distribution is understood as the whole complex of contexts in which the given lexical unit(word) can be used. Есть даже словари, по которым можно найти валентные слова для нужного нам слова — так и называются дистрибьюшн дикшенери
3. What is a word combination? Types of word combinations. Classifications of word-groups.
Word combination — a combination of two or more notional words serving to express one concept. It is produced, not reproduced in speech.

Types of word combinations:

  1. Semantically:
    1. free word groups (collocations) a year ago, a girl of beauty, take lessons;
    2. set expressions (at last, point of view, take part).
  2. Morphologically (L.S. Barkhudarov):
    1. noun word combinations, e.g.: nice apples (BBC London Course);
    2. verb word combinations, e.g.: saw him (E. Blyton);
    3. adjective word combinations, e.g.: perfectly delightful (O. Wilde);
    4. adverb word combinations, e.g.: perfectly well (O, Wilde);
    5. pronoun word combinations, e.g.: something nice (BBC London Course).
  3. According to the number of the components:
    1. simple the head and an adjunct, e.g.: told me (A. Ayckbourn)
    2. Complex, e.g.: terribly cold weather (O. Jespersen), where the adjunct cold is expanded by means of terribly.

Classifications of word-groups:

  1. through the order and arrangement of the components:

a verbal — nominal group (to sew a dress);

a verbal — prepositional — nominal group (look at something);

  1. by the criterion of distribution, which is the sum of contexts of the language unit usage:

endocentric, i.e. having one central member functionally equivalent to the whole word-group (blue sky);

exocentric, i.e. having no central member (become older, side by side);

  1. according to the headword:

nominal (beautiful garden);

verbal (to fly high);

adjectival (lucky from birth);

  1. according to the syntactic pattern:

predicative (Russian linguists do not consider them to be word-groups);

non-predicative — according to the type of syntactic relations between the components:

(a) subordinative (modern technology);

(b) coordinative (husband and wife).

4. What is “a free word combination”? To what extent is what we call a free word combination actually free? What are the restrictions imposed on it?
A free word combination is a combination in which any element can be substituted by another.

The general meaning of an ordinary free word combination is derived from the conjoined meanings of its elements

Ex. To come to one’s sense –to change one’s mind;

To fall into a rage – to get angry.

Free word-combinations are word-groups that have a greater semantic and structural independence and freely composed by the speaker in his speech according to his purpose.

A free word combination or a free phrase permits substitution of any of its elements without any semantic change in the other components.
5. Clichе´s (traditional word combinations).
A cliché is an expression that is trite, worn-out, and overused. As a result, clichés have lost their original vitality, freshness, and significance in expressing meaning. A cliché is a phrase or idea that has become a “universal” device to describe abstract concepts such as time (Better Late Than Never), anger (madder than a wet hen), love (love is blind), and even hope (Tomorrow is Another Day). However, such expressions are too commonplace and unoriginal to leave any significant impression.

Of course, any expression that has become a cliché was original and innovative at one time. However, overuse of such an expression results in a loss of novelty, significance, and even original meaning. For example, the proverbial phrase “when it rains it pours” indicates the idea that difficult or inconvenient circumstances closely follow each other or take place all at the same time. This phrase originally referred to a weather pattern in which a dry spell would be followed by heavy, prolonged rain. However, the original meaning is distanced from the overuse of the phrase, making it a cliché.

Some common examples of cliché in everyday speech:

  • My dog is dumb as a doorknob. (тупой как пробка)
  • The laundry came out as fresh as a daisy.
  • If you hide the toy it will be out of sight, out of mind. (с глаз долой, из сердца вон)

Examples of Movie Lines that Have Become Cliché:

  • Luke, I am your father. (Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back)
  • i am Groot. (Guardians of the Galaxy)
  • I’ll be back. (The Terminator)
  • Houston, we have a problem. (Apollo 13)

Some famous examples of cliché in creative writing:

  • It was a dark and stormy night
  • Once upon a time
  • There I was
  • All’s well that ends well
  • They lived happily ever after

6. The sociolinguistic aspect of word combinations.
Lexical valency is the possibility of lexicosemantic connections of a word with other word

Some researchers suggested that the functioning of a word in speech is determined by the environment in which it occurs, by its grammatical peculiarities (part of speech it belongs to, categories, functions in the sentence, etc.), and by the type and character of meaning included into the semantic structure of a word.

Words are used in certain lexical contexts, i.e. in combinations with other words. The words that surround a particular word in a sentence or paragraph are called the verbal context of that word.
7. Norms of lexical valency and collocability in different languages.
The aptness of a word to appear in various combinations is described as its lexical valency or collocability. The lexical valency of correlated words in different languages is not identical. This is only natural since every language has its syntagmatic norms and patterns of lexical valency. Words, habitually collocated, tend to constitute a cliché, e.g. bad mistake, high hopes, heavy sea (rain, snow), etc. The translator is obliged to seek similar cliches, traditional collocations in the target-language: грубая ошибка, большие надежды, бурное море, сильный дождь /снег/.

The key word in such collocations is usually preserved but the collocated one is rendered by a word of a somewhat different referential meaning in accordance with the valency norms of the target-language:

  • trains run — поезда ходят;
  • a fly stands on the ceiling — на потолке сидит муха;
  • It was the worst earthquake on the African continent (D.W.) — Это было самое сильное землетрясение в Африке.
  • Labour Party pretest followed sharply on the Tory deal with Spain (M.S.1973) — За сообщением о сделке консервативного правительства с Испанией немедленно последовал протест лейбористской партии.

Different collocability often calls for lexical and grammatical transformations in translation though each component of the collocation may have its equivalent in Russian, e.g. the collocation «the most controversial Prime Minister» cannot be translated as «самый противоречивый премьер-министр».

«Britain will tomorrow be welcoming on an official visit one of the most controversial and youngest Prime Ministers in Europe» (The Times, 1970). «Завтра в Англию прибывает с официальным визитом один из самых молодых премьер-министров Европы, который вызывает самые противоречивые мнения».

«Sweden’s neutral faith ought not to be in doubt» (Ib.) «Верность Швеции нейтралитету не подлежит сомнению».

The collocation «documentary bombshell» is rather uncommon and individual, but evidently it does not violate English collocational patterns, while the corresponding Russian collocation — документальная бомба — impossible. Therefore its translation requires a number of transformations:

«A teacher who leaves a documentary bombshell lying around by negligence is as culpable as the top civil servant who leaves his classified secrets in a taxi» (The Daily Mirror, 1950) «Преподаватель, по небрежности оставивший на столе бумаги, которые могут вызвать большой скандал, не менее виновен, чем ответственный государственный служащий, забывший секретные документы в такси».
8. Using the data of various dictionaries compare the grammatical valency of the words worth and worthy; ensure, insure, assure; observance and observation; go and walk; influence and влияние; hold and держать.

Worth & Worthy
Worth is used to say that something has a value:

Something that is worth a certain amount of money has that value;

Something that is worth doing or worth an effort, a visit, etc. is so attractive or rewarding that the effort etc. should be made.

Valency:

  1. Worth + N: worth a lot of money;
  2. Worth + Ving: worth making;
  3. [it] + V-ing: it would be worth asking him
  4. [it] + Ν V-ing: it’s not really worth me voting
  5. Worth + N + to N: worth money to me
  6. [it] + Ν + for Ν to-INF (rare): it would be worth for you to know
Worthy:

If someone or something is worthv of something, they deserve it because they have the qualities required;

If you say that a person is worthy of another person you are saying that you approve of them as a partner for that person.

Valency:

  1. Attributive: worthy candidate, worthy cause;
  2. Predicative: equally worthy
  3. + to-INF: worthy to be
  4. + of N/V-ing: worthy of closer examination.
Ensure, insure, assure
Ensure means ‘make certain that something happens’.

Valency:

  1. + Np: ensure fairness
  2. + (that)-CLp.it: Ensure that there is adequate humidity in heated rooms
  3. + Np + Ν: does not ensure women a place at center stage
  4. + Np + for Ν: to ensure good fishing for everyone.
Insure — make sure

Valency:

  1. + Np: insure continuation;
  2. + (that)-CLp.it: insure that future generations;
  3. + Np + Νp: They will not insure us victory;
  4. + Np + for Ν: insure items for replacement.
Assure:

to tell someone confidently that something is true, especially so that they do not worry;

to cause something to be certain.

Valency:

  1. +N: assure the owner;
  2. + (that)-CL: assure him (that) the car will be ready;
  3. + by N: has been assured by the reviews
Observance & Observation
Observance:

the act of obeying a law or following a religious custom:

religious observances such as fasting

a ceremony or action to celebrate a holiday or a religious or other important event:

[ C ] Memorial Day observances

[ U ] Financial markets will be closed Monday in observance of Labor Day.

Observation:

the act of observing something or someone;

the fact that you notice or see something;

a remark about something that you have noticed.

Valency:

  1. + of: observation of human behaviour;
  2. Under +: keeping under observation;
  3. For +: to be admitted for observation;
  4. + on/about: interesting observations on the nature;
  5. to make +: may I make an observation.
Go & Walk

Walk can mean ‘move along on foot’:

A person can walk an animal, i.e. exercise them by walking.

A person can walk another person somewhere , i.e. take them there,

A person can walk a particular distance or walk the streets.

Valency:

  1. + Np: walk the dog;
  2. +ADJ: made us walk tall again;
  3. + into Np: to walk into a controversy;
  4. +over Np: to walk over me;
  5. ADVP-prep: to walk away/through/away
  6. N + ADV: We had to walk three kilometers to the river.
  7. Np + ADV: Can I walk you home?
  8. ADJ + ADV: it was like walking barefoot in the sand
Influence & Влияние
Influence:

A person can have influence (a) over another person or a group, i.e. be able to directly guide the way they behave, (b) with a person, i.e. be able to influence them because they know them well.

Someone or something can have or be an influence on or upon something or someone, i.e. be able to affect their character or behaviour in some way

Valency:

  1. the UN is having difficulty exerting its influence;
  2. [the] + to-INF: the influence to lead the world
  3. + on N/wh-CL: influence on the work of the late 19th-century French avant-garde.
  4. + over Ν: Union influence over Labour
  5. + upon Ν: Its influence upon female physiology
  6. + with Ν: to use their influence with the PLO leadership
Влияние — Действие, оказываемое кем-, чем-либо на кого-, что-либо.

Сочетаемость:

  1. Прил +: значительное влияние
  2. + сущ: влияние среды
  3. Сущ +: сферы влияния;
  4. Гл +: оказывать влияние.
Hold & Держать
Hold:

to take and keep something in your hand or arms;

to support something;

to contain or be able to contain something;

to keep someone in a place so that they cannot leave.

Valency:

  1. ADJ +: tight hold;
  2. V +: take/keep hold;
  3. + on: his hold on her;
  4. + OBJ + ADJ: hold the door open;
  5. + OBJ + N: hold him hostage
Держать — взять в руки/рот/зубы и т.д. и не давать выпасть

Сочетаемость:

  1. Сущ +: ноги держат
  2. + сущ: держать себя в руках, держать дистанцию.
  1. Contrastive Analysis. Give words of the same root in Russian; compare their valency:
Chance Шанс
  1. + to-INF: a chance to win;
  2. + (that)-CL: a chance that BA might co-operate;
  3. + for N/V-ing: chance for peace/regaining;
  4. + of N/V-ing /of Ν V-ing: no chance of her accepting;
  5. + for Ν + to-INF: a chance for me to show
  1. Прил +: большой шанс;
  2. + сущ: шанс спасения;
  3. Сущ +: множество шансов;
  4. + гл: шанс даётся
  5. Гл +: дать шанс, оценить свой шанс
Situation Ситуация
  1. As a noun: bland situation, sort of situation;
  2. + that-CL: the situation that I was pregnant;
  3. + wh-CL: the situation when you open the door;
  4. + of N/V-ing: a situation of anarchy;
  5. + with Ν: situation with your husband.
  1. Прил +: чрезвычайная ситуация;
  2. + сущ: ситуация общения;
  3. Сущ +: изменение ситуации;
  4. Гл +: оценить ситуацию;
  5. + гл: ситуация повторилась.
Partner Партнёр
  1. с глаголом be, become, create: to become a partner
  2. существительным live, business: business partner
  1. Прил +: деловой партнёр;
  2. + сущ: партнёр фирмы;
  3. Сущ +: смена партнёра;
  4. Гл +: найти партнёра;
  5. + гл: партнёр решает.
Surprise Сюрприз
  1. to experience surprise (сочетаемость существительных:)
  2. to show surprise (сочетаемость существительных:)
  3. to cause no surprise (сочетаемость существительных:)
  4. to surprise smb (Глагольные словосочетания)
  5. to take smb by surprise (Глагольные словосочетания)
  1. Прил +: небольшой сюрприз;
  2. Сущ +: масса сюрпризов;
  3. Гл +: сделать сюрприз;
  4. + гл: сюрприз удался.
Risk Риск
  1. As a noun: good risk;
  2. + that-CL: the risk that goods go;
  3. + for Ν/[at] + for N/V-ing: the risk for the investor;
  4. + from N/V-ing: risk from pets;
  5. + in N/V-ing: risk in flying south;
  6. + of N/V-ing / of Ν V-ing: the risk of crushing;
  7. + to Ν: a risk to our health;
  8. +for N + to-INF: a risk for Jim to bury Mary there.
  1. Прил +: большой риск;
  2. + сущ: риск заражения;
  3. Сущ +: группа риска;
  4. Гл +: учитывать риск;
  5. + гл: риск возрастает.
Instruction Инструкция
  1. on the instruction of smb (сочетаемость существительных:)
  2. сочетаемость глаголов to make, to create.
  1. Прил +: подробная инструкция;
  2. + сущ: инструкция пользователя;
  3. Сущ +: получение инструкции;
  4. Гл +: следовать инструкции;
  5. + гл: инструкция требовала.
Satisfaction Сатисфакция
  1. with satisfaction (сочетаемость существительных:)
  2. to cause satisfaction (сочетаемость существительных:)
  3. unique satisfaction (сочетаемость существительных:)
  4. total satisfaction (сочетаемость существительных:)
  5. personal satisfaction (сочетаемость существительных:)
  1. Прил +: полная сатисфакция;
  2. Гл +: получить сатисфакцию;
Business Бизнес
  1. [it/no] + to-INF: He’ll make it his business to find out;
  2. [it/no] + V-ing: no business poking their noses;
  3. + of N/V-ing: the business of intervention;
  4. + with Ν: business with the players
  1. Прил +: семейный бизнес;
  2. + сущ: бизнес отца;
  3. Сущ +: развитие бизнеса;
  4. Гл +: вести бизнес;
  5. + гл: бизнес растёт.
Manager Менеджер
  1. to see the manager (Глагольные словосочетания)
  2. He was promoted to manager. (Глагольные словосочетания)
  3. to apply to the manager (Глагольные словосочетания)
  4. to approach the manager about this matter (Глагольные словосочетания)
  5. The guests asked for the manager. (Глагольные словосочетания)
  1. Прил +: старший менеджер;
  2. + сущ: менеджер группы;
  3. Сущ +: должность менеджера;
  4. Гл +: стать менеджером;
  5. + гл: менеджер сообщил.
Challenge Челлендж
  1. challenge to smb (фразеологические сочетания прилагательных с предлогами: господство/ подчинение/давление)
  2. challenge to smb (фразеологические сочетания прилагательных с предлогами:угрозы/насмешка/донос)
  3. challenge to a fight (фразеологические сочетания прилагательных с предлогами:список глаголов, требующих за собой предлог)
  4. to accept smb’s challenge (Глагольные словосочетания)
  5. to challenge a report (сочетаемость существительных:)
  1. Прил +: новый челлендж;
  2. Гл +: продолжить челлендж;
  3. Сущ +: день челленджа.

10. From the lexemes in brackets choose the correct one to go with each of the synonyms given below:

  1. acute, keen, sharp (knife, mind, sight):

acute mind;

keen sight;

sharp knife;

  1. abysmal, deep, profound (ignorance, river, sleep);

abysmal ignorance;

deep river;

profound sleep;

  1. unconditional, unqualified (success, surrender):

unconditional surrender;

unqualified success;

  1. diminutive, miniature, petite, petty, small, tiny (camera, house, speck, spite, suffix, woman):

diminutive suffix;

miniature camera/house;

petite woman;

petty spite;

small speck/camera/house;

tiny house/camera/speck;

  1. brisk, nimble, quick, swift (mind, revenge, train, walk):

brisk walk;

nimble mind;

quick train;

swift revenge.

11. Collocate deletion: One word in each group does not make a strong word partnership with the word on Capitals. Which one is Odd One Out?

1) BRIGHT idea green

smell

child day room

2) CLEAR

attitude

need instruction alternative day conscience

3) LIGHT traffic

work

day entertainment suitcase rain green lunch

4) NEW experience job

food

potatoes baby situation year

5) HIGH season price opinion spirits

house

time priority

6) MAIN point reason effect entrance

speed

road meal course

7) STRONG possibility doubt smell influence

views

coffee language

8) SERIOUS

advantage

situation relationship illness crime matter

  1. Write a short definition based on the clues you find in context for the italicized words in the sentence. Check your definitions with the dictionary.
Sentence Meaning
The method of reasoning from the particular to the general — the inductive method — has played an important role in science since the time of Francis Bacon. The way of learning or investigating from the particular to the general that played an important role in the time of Francis Bacon
Most snakes are meat eaters, or carnivores. Animals whose main diet is meat
A person on a reducing diet is expected to eschew most fatty or greasy foods. deliberately avoid
After a hectic year in the city, he was glad to return to the peace and quiet of the country. full of incessant or frantic activity.
Darius was speaking so quickly and waving his arms around so wildly, it was impossible to comprehend what he was trying to say. grasp mentally; understand.to perceive
The babysitter tried rocking, feeding, chanting, and burping the crying baby, but nothing would appease him. to calm down someone
It behooves young ladies and gentlemen not to use bad language unless they are very, very angry. necessary
The Academy Award is an honor coveted by most Hollywood actors. The dream about some achievements
In the George Orwell book 1984, the people’s lives are ruled by an omnipotent dictator named “Big Brother.” The person who have a lot of power
After a good deal of coaxing, the father finally acceded to his children’s request. to Agree with some request
He is devoid of human feelings. Someone have the lack of something
This year, my garden yielded several baskets full of tomatoes. produce or provide
It is important for a teacher to develop a rapport with his or her students. good relationship

This article is about the mathematics of selecting part of a collection. For other uses, see Combination (disambiguation).

In mathematics, a combination is a selection of items from a set that has distinct members, such that the order of selection does not matter (unlike permutations). For example, given three fruits, say an apple, an orange and a pear, there are three combinations of two that can be drawn from this set: an apple and a pear; an apple and an orange; or a pear and an orange. More formally, a kcombination of a set S is a subset of k distinct elements of S. So, two combinations are identical if and only if each combination has the same members. (The arrangement of the members in each set does not matter.) If the set has n elements, the number of k-combinations, denoted by C(n,k) or C_{k}^{n}, is equal to the binomial coefficient

{displaystyle {binom {n}{k}}={frac {n(n-1)dotsb (n-k+1)}{k(k-1)dotsb 1}},}

which can be written using factorials as textstyle {frac {n!}{k!(n-k)!}} whenever kleq n, and which is zero when k>n. This formula can be derived from the fact that each k-combination of a set S of n members has k! permutations so {displaystyle P_{k}^{n}=C_{k}^{n}times k!} or {displaystyle C_{k}^{n}=P_{k}^{n}/k!}.[1] The set of all k-combinations of a set S is often denoted by {displaystyle textstyle {binom {S}{k}}}.

A combination is a combination of n things taken k at a time without repetition. To refer to combinations in which repetition is allowed, the terms k-combination with repetition, k-multiset,[2] or k-selection,[3] are often used.[4] If, in the above example, it were possible to have two of any one kind of fruit there would be 3 more 2-selections: one with two apples, one with two oranges, and one with two pears.

Although the set of three fruits was small enough to write a complete list of combinations, this becomes impractical as the size of the set increases. For example, a poker hand can be described as a 5-combination (k = 5) of cards from a 52 card deck (n = 52). The 5 cards of the hand are all distinct, and the order of cards in the hand does not matter. There are 2,598,960 such combinations, and the chance of drawing any one hand at random is 1 / 2,598,960.

Number of k-combinations[edit]

3-element subsets of a 5-element set

The number of k-combinations from a given set S of n elements is often denoted in elementary combinatorics texts by C(n,k), or by a variation such as C_{k}^{n}, {}_{n}C_{k}, {}^{n}C_{k}, C_{{n,k}} or even C_{n}^{k} (the last form is standard in French, Romanian, Russian, Chinese[5][6] and Polish texts[citation needed]). The same number however occurs in many other mathematical contexts, where it is denoted by {tbinom {n}{k}} (often read as «n choose k«); notably it occurs as a coefficient in the binomial formula, hence its name binomial coefficient. One can define {tbinom {n}{k}} for all natural numbers k at once by the relation

{displaystyle (1+X)^{n}=sum _{kgeq 0}{binom {n}{k}}X^{k},}

from which it is clear that

{displaystyle {binom {n}{0}}={binom {n}{n}}=1,}

and further,

{displaystyle {binom {n}{k}}=0}

for k > n.

To see that these coefficients count k-combinations from S, one can first consider a collection of n distinct variables Xs labeled by the elements s of S, and expand the product over all elements of S:

{displaystyle prod _{sin S}(1+X_{s});}

it has 2n distinct terms corresponding to all the subsets of S, each subset giving the product of the corresponding variables Xs. Now setting all of the Xs equal to the unlabeled variable X, so that the product becomes (1 + X)n, the term for each k-combination from S becomes Xk, so that the coefficient of that power in the result equals the number of such k-combinations.

Binomial coefficients can be computed explicitly in various ways. To get all of them for the expansions up to (1 + X)n, one can use (in addition to the basic cases already given) the recursion relation

{displaystyle {binom {n}{k}}={binom {n-1}{k-1}}+{binom {n-1}{k}},}

for 0 < k < n, which follows from (1 + X)n = (1 + X)n − 1(1 + X); this leads to the construction of Pascal’s triangle.

For determining an individual binomial coefficient, it is more practical to use the formula

{displaystyle {binom {n}{k}}={frac {n(n-1)(n-2)cdots (n-k+1)}{k!}}.}

The numerator gives the number of k-permutations of n, i.e., of sequences of k distinct elements of S, while the denominator gives the number of such k-permutations that give the same k-combination when the order is ignored.

When k exceeds n/2, the above formula contains factors common to the numerator and the denominator, and canceling them out gives the relation

{displaystyle {binom {n}{k}}={binom {n}{n-k}},}

for 0 ≤ kn. This expresses a symmetry that is evident from the binomial formula, and can also be understood in terms of k-combinations by taking the complement of such a combination, which is an (nk)-combination.

Finally there is a formula which exhibits this symmetry directly, and has the merit of being easy to remember:

{displaystyle {binom {n}{k}}={frac {n!}{k!(n-k)!}},}

where n! denotes the factorial of n. It is obtained from the previous formula by multiplying denominator and numerator by (nk)!, so it is certainly computationally less efficient than that formula.

The last formula can be understood directly, by considering the n! permutations of all the elements of S. Each such permutation gives a k-combination by selecting its first k elements. There are many duplicate selections: any combined permutation of the first k elements among each other, and of the final (n − k) elements among each other produces the same combination; this explains the division in the formula.

From the above formulas follow relations between adjacent numbers in Pascal’s triangle in all three directions:

{displaystyle {binom {n}{k}}={begin{cases}{binom {n}{k-1}}{frac {n-k+1}{k}}&quad {text{if }}k>0\{binom {n-1}{k}}{frac {n}{n-k}}&quad {text{if }}k<n\{binom {n-1}{k-1}}{frac {n}{k}}&quad {text{if }}n,k>0end{cases}}.}

Together with the basic cases {tbinom {n}{0}}=1={tbinom {n}{n}}, these allow successive computation of respectively all numbers of combinations from the same set (a row in Pascal’s triangle), of k-combinations of sets of growing sizes, and of combinations with a complement of fixed size nk.

Example of counting combinations[edit]

As a specific example, one can compute the number of five-card hands possible from a standard fifty-two card deck as:[7]

{displaystyle {52 choose 5}={frac {52times 51times 50times 49times 48}{5times 4times 3times 2times 1}}={frac {311{,}875{,}200}{120}}=2{,}598{,}960.}

Alternatively one may use the formula in terms of factorials and cancel the factors in the numerator against parts of the factors in the denominator, after which only multiplication of the remaining factors is required:

{displaystyle {begin{alignedat}{2}{52 choose 5}&={frac {52!}{5!47!}}\[5pt]&={frac {52times 51times 50times 49times 48times {cancel {47!}}}{5times 4times 3times 2times {cancel {1}}times {cancel {47!}}}}\[5pt]&={frac {52times 51times 50times 49times 48}{5times 4times 3times 2}}\[5pt]&={frac {(26times {cancel {2}})times (17times {cancel {3}})times (10times {cancel {5}})times 49times (12times {cancel {4}})}{{cancel {5}}times {cancel {4}}times {cancel {3}}times {cancel {2}}}}\[5pt]&={26times 17times 10times 49times 12}\[5pt]&=2{,}598{,}960.end{alignedat}}}

Another alternative computation, equivalent to the first, is based on writing

{displaystyle {n choose k}={frac {(n-0)}{1}}times {frac {(n-1)}{2}}times {frac {(n-2)}{3}}times cdots times {frac {(n-(k-1))}{k}},}

which gives

{displaystyle {52 choose 5}={frac {52}{1}}times {frac {51}{2}}times {frac {50}{3}}times {frac {49}{4}}times {frac {48}{5}}=2{,}598{,}960.}

When evaluated in the following order, 52 ÷ 1 × 51 ÷ 2 × 50 ÷ 3 × 49 ÷ 4 × 48 ÷ 5, this can be computed using only integer arithmetic. The reason is that when each division occurs, the intermediate result that is produced is itself a binomial coefficient, so no remainders ever occur.

Using the symmetric formula in terms of factorials without performing simplifications gives a rather extensive calculation:

{displaystyle {begin{aligned}{52 choose 5}&={frac {n!}{k!(n-k)!}}={frac {52!}{5!(52-5)!}}={frac {52!}{5!47!}}\[6pt]&={tfrac {80,658,175,170,943,878,571,660,636,856,403,766,975,289,505,440,883,277,824,000,000,000,000}{120times 258,623,241,511,168,180,642,964,355,153,611,979,969,197,632,389,120,000,000,000}}\[6pt]&=2{,}598{,}960.end{aligned}}}

Enumerating k-combinations[edit]

One can enumerate all k-combinations of a given set S of n elements in some fixed order, which establishes a bijection from an interval of {tbinom {n}{k}} integers with the set of those k-combinations. Assuming S is itself ordered, for instance S = { 1, 2, …, n }, there are two natural possibilities for ordering its k-combinations: by comparing their smallest elements first (as in the illustrations above) or by comparing their largest elements first. The latter option has the advantage that adding a new largest element to S will not change the initial part of the enumeration, but just add the new k-combinations of the larger set after the previous ones. Repeating this process, the enumeration can be extended indefinitely with k-combinations of ever larger sets. If moreover the intervals of the integers are taken to start at 0, then the k-combination at a given place i in the enumeration can be computed easily from i, and the bijection so obtained is known as the combinatorial number system. It is also known as «rank»/»ranking» and «unranking» in computational mathematics.[8][9]

There are many ways to enumerate k combinations. One way is to visit all the binary numbers less than 2n. Choose those numbers having k nonzero bits, although this is very inefficient even for small n (e.g. n = 20 would require visiting about one million numbers while the maximum number of allowed k combinations is about 186 thousand for k = 10). The positions of these 1 bits in such a number is a specific k-combination of the set { 1, …, n }.[10] Another simple, faster way is to track k index numbers of the elements selected, starting with {0 .. k−1} (zero-based) or {1 .. k} (one-based) as the first allowed k-combination and then repeatedly moving to the next allowed k-combination by incrementing the last index number if it is lower than n-1 (zero-based) or n (one-based) or the last index number x that is less than the index number following it minus one if such an index exists and resetting the index numbers after x to {x+1, x+2, …}.

Number of combinations with repetition[edit]

A kcombination with repetitions, or kmulticombination, or multisubset of size k from a set S of size n is given by a set of k not necessarily distinct elements of S, where order is not taken into account: two sequences define the same multiset if one can be obtained from the other by permuting the terms. In other words, it is a sample of k elements from a set of n elements allowing for duplicates (i.e., with replacement) but disregarding different orderings (e.g. {2,1,2} = {1,2,2}). Associate an index to each element of S and think of the elements of S as types of objects, then we can let x_{i} denote the number of elements of type i in a multisubset. The number of multisubsets of size k is then the number of nonnegative integer (so allowing zero) solutions of the Diophantine equation:[11]

{displaystyle x_{1}+x_{2}+ldots +x_{n}=k.}

If S has n elements, the number of such k-multisubsets is denoted by

{displaystyle left(!!{binom {n}{k}}!!right),}

a notation that is analogous to the binomial coefficient which counts k-subsets. This expression, n multichoose k,[12] can also be given in terms of binomial coefficients:

{displaystyle left(!!{binom {n}{k}}!!right)={binom {n+k-1}{k}}.}

This relationship can be easily proved using a representation known as stars and bars.[13]

Bijection between 3-subsets of a 7-set (left) and 3-multisets with elements from a 5-set (right).
This illustrates that {textstyle {binom {7}{3}}=left(!!{binom {5}{3}}!!right)}.

As with binomial coefficients, there are several relationships between these multichoose expressions. For example, for ngeq 1,kgeq 0,

{displaystyle left(!!{binom {n}{k}}!!right)=left(!!{binom {k+1}{n-1}}!!right).}

This identity follows from interchanging the stars and bars in the above representation.[15]

Example of counting multisubsets[edit]

For example, if you have four types of donuts (n = 4) on a menu to choose from and you want three donuts (k = 3), the number of ways to choose the donuts with repetition can be calculated as

{displaystyle left(!!{binom {4}{3}}!!right)={binom {4+3-1}{3}}={binom {6}{3}}={frac {6times 5times 4}{3times 2times 1}}=20.}

This result can be verified by listing all the 3-multisubsets of the set S = {1,2,3,4}. This is displayed in the following table.[16] The second column lists the donuts you actually chose, the third column shows the nonnegative integer solutions [x_{1},x_{2},x_{3},x_{4}] of the equation x_{1}+x_{2}+x_{3}+x_{4}=3 and the last column gives the stars and bars representation of the solutions.[17]

No. 3-multiset Eq. solution Stars and bars
1 {1,1,1} [3,0,0,0] bigstar bigstar bigstar |||
2 {1,1,2} [2,1,0,0] bigstar bigstar |bigstar ||
3 {1,1,3} [2,0,1,0] bigstar bigstar ||bigstar |
4 {1,1,4} [2,0,0,1] bigstar bigstar |||bigstar
5 {1,2,2} [1,2,0,0] bigstar |bigstar bigstar ||
6 {1,2,3} [1,1,1,0] bigstar |bigstar |bigstar |
7 {1,2,4} [1,1,0,1] bigstar |bigstar ||bigstar
8 {1,3,3} [1,0,2,0] bigstar ||bigstar bigstar |
9 {1,3,4} [1,0,1,1] bigstar ||bigstar |bigstar
10 {1,4,4} [1,0,0,2] bigstar |||bigstar bigstar
11 {2,2,2} [0,3,0,0] |bigstar bigstar bigstar ||
12 {2,2,3} [0,2,1,0] |bigstar bigstar |bigstar |
13 {2,2,4} [0,2,0,1] |bigstar bigstar ||bigstar
14 {2,3,3} [0,1,2,0] |bigstar |bigstar bigstar |
15 {2,3,4} [0,1,1,1] |bigstar |bigstar |bigstar
16 {2,4,4} [0,1,0,2] |bigstar ||bigstar bigstar
17 {3,3,3} [0,0,3,0] ||bigstar bigstar bigstar |
18 {3,3,4} [0,0,2,1] ||bigstar bigstar |bigstar
19 {3,4,4} [0,0,1,2] ||bigstar |bigstar bigstar
20 {4,4,4} [0,0,0,3] |||bigstar bigstar bigstar

Number of k-combinations for all k[edit]

The number of k-combinations for all k is the number of subsets of a set of n elements. There are several ways to see that this number is 2n. In terms of combinations, {textstyle sum _{0leq {k}leq {n}}{binom {n}{k}}=2^{n}}, which is the sum of the nth row (counting from 0) of the binomial coefficients in Pascal’s triangle. These combinations (subsets) are enumerated by the 1 digits of the set of base 2 numbers counting from 0 to 2n − 1, where each digit position is an item from the set of n.

Given 3 cards numbered 1 to 3, there are 8 distinct combinations (subsets), including the empty set:

{displaystyle |{{};{1};{2};{1,2};{3};{1,3};{2,3};{1,2,3}}|=2^{3}=8}

Representing these subsets (in the same order) as base 2 numerals:

  • 0 – 000
  • 1 – 001
  • 2 – 010
  • 3 – 011
  • 4 – 100
  • 5 – 101
  • 6 – 110
  • 7 – 111

Probability: sampling a random combination[edit]

There are various algorithms to pick out a random combination from a given set or list. Rejection sampling is extremely slow for large sample sizes. One way to select a k-combination efficiently from a population of size n is to iterate across each element of the population, and at each step pick that element with a dynamically changing probability of {textstyle {frac {k-#{text{samples chosen}}}{n-#{text{samples visited}}}}} (see Reservoir sampling). Another is to pick a random non-negative integer less than textstyle {binom  nk} and convert it into a combination using the combinatorial number system.

Number of ways to put objects into bins[edit]

A combination can also be thought of as a selection of two sets of items: those that go into the chosen bin and those that go into the unchosen bin. This can be generalized to any number of bins with the constraint that every item must go to exactly one bin. The number of ways to put objects into bins is given by the multinomial coefficient

{displaystyle {n choose k_{1},k_{2},ldots ,k_{m}}={frac {n!}{k_{1}!,k_{2}!cdots k_{m}!}},}

where n is the number of items, m is the number of bins, and k_{i} is the number of items that go into bin i.

One way to see why this equation holds is to first number the objects arbitrarily from 1 to n and put the objects with numbers {displaystyle 1,2,ldots ,k_{1}} into the first bin in order, the objects with numbers {displaystyle k_{1}+1,k_{1}+2,ldots ,k_{2}} into the second bin in order, and so on. There are n! distinct numberings, but many of them are equivalent, because only the set of items in a bin matters, not their order in it. Every combined permutation of each bins’ contents produces an equivalent way of putting items into bins. As a result, every equivalence class consists of {displaystyle k_{1}!,k_{2}!cdots k_{m}!} distinct numberings, and the number of equivalence classes is {displaystyle textstyle {frac {n!}{k_{1}!,k_{2}!cdots k_{m}!}}}.

The binomial coefficient is the special case where k items go into the chosen bin and the remaining n-k items go into the unchosen bin:

{displaystyle {binom {n}{k}}={n choose k,n-k}={frac {n!}{k!(n-k)!}}.}

See also[edit]

  • Binomial coefficient
  • Combinatorics
  • Block design
  • Kneser graph
  • List of permutation topics
  • Multiset
  • Pascal’s triangle
  • Permutation
  • Probability
  • Subset

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Reichl, Linda E. (2016). «2.2. Counting Microscopic States». A Modern Course in Statistical Physics. WILEY-VCH. p. 30. ISBN 978-3-527-69048-0.
  2. ^ Mazur 2010, p. 10
  3. ^ Ryser 1963, p. 7 also referred to as an unordered selection.
  4. ^ When the term combination is used to refer to either situation (as in (Brualdi 2010)) care must be taken to clarify whether sets or multisets are being discussed.
  5. ^ High School Textbook for full-time student (Required) Mathematics Book II B (in Chinese) (2nd ed.). China: People’s Education Press. June 2006. pp. 107–116. ISBN 978-7-107-19616-4.
  6. ^ 人教版高中数学选修2-3 (Mathematics textbook, volume 2-3, for senior high school, People’s Education Press). People’s Education Press. p. 21.
  7. ^ Mazur 2010, p. 21
  8. ^ Lucia Moura. «Generating Elementary Combinatorial Objects» (PDF). Site.uottawa.ca. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
  9. ^ «SAGE : Subsets» (PDF). Sagemath.org. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
  10. ^ «Combinations — Rosetta Code». 23 October 2022.[user-generated source?]
  11. ^ Brualdi 2010, p. 52
  12. ^ Benjamin & Quinn 2003, p. 70
  13. ^ In the article Stars and bars (combinatorics) the roles of n and k are reversed.
  14. ^ Benjamin & Quinn 2003, pp. 71 –72
  15. ^ Benjamin & Quinn 2003, p. 72 (identity 145)
  16. ^ Benjamin & Quinn 2003, p. 71
  17. ^ Mazur 2010, p. 10 where the stars and bars are written as binary numbers, with stars = 0 and bars = 1.

References[edit]

  • Benjamin, Arthur T.; Quinn, Jennifer J. (2003), Proofs that Really Count: The Art of Combinatorial Proof, The Dolciani Mathematical Expositions 27, The Mathematical Association of America, ISBN 978-0-88385-333-7
  • Brualdi, Richard A. (2010), Introductory Combinatorics (5th ed.), Pearson Prentice Hall, ISBN 978-0-13-602040-0
  • Erwin Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, John Wiley & Sons, INC, 1999.
  • Mazur, David R. (2010), Combinatorics: A Guided Tour, Mathematical Association of America, ISBN 978-0-88385-762-5
  • Ryser, Herbert John (1963), Combinatorial Mathematics, The Carus Mathematical Monographs 14, Mathematical Association of America

External links[edit]

  • Topcoder tutorial on combinatorics
  • C code to generate all combinations of n elements chosen as k
  • Many Common types of permutation and combination math problems, with detailed solutions
  • The Unknown Formula For combinations when choices can be repeated and order does not matter
  • Combinations with repetitions (by: Akshatha AG and Smitha B)[permanent dead link]
  • The dice roll with a given sum problem An application of the combinations with repetition to rolling multiple dice

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