What is the 2nd word in this sentence

One-piece sentences

Sentences whose grammatical base consists of two main members (subject and predicate) are called two-part.

Sentences, the grammatical base of which consists of one main member, are called one-part. One-part sentences have a complete meaning, and therefore the second main term is not needed or even impossible.

For example: In the summer I will go to the sea. Dark. It’s time to go. Magic night.

One-part sentences, as opposed to incomplete ones, are understandable out of context.

There are several types of one-part sentences:

• definite personal, • indefinite personal, • generalized personal, • impersonal,

• denominational (nominative).

Each of the types of one-part sentences differs in the peculiarities of the meaning and the form of expression of the main member.

Definitely personal suggestions

Definitely personal suggestions — these are one-piece sentences with the main predicate member, conveying the actions of a certain person (speaker or interlocutor).

In definitively personal proposals the main member is expressed by a verb in the form of 1 and 2 persons singular and plural indicative mood (in the present and in the future tense), and in the imperative mood; the producer of the action is defined and can be called personal pronouns of the 1st and 2nd person я, you, we, you.

For example: I love thunderstorm in early May (Tyutchev); We will patiently endure trials (Chekhov); Go, bow down fish (Pushkin).

In definite personal suggestions predicate cannot be expressed by a 3rd person singular verb and a verb in the past tense… In such cases, the offer does not contain an indication of a specific person and the offer itself is incomplete.

Compare: Do you know Greek too? — I studied a little (Ostrovsky).

Uncertain personal suggestions

Uncertain personal suggestions — these are one-part sentences with the main predicate member, conveying the actions of an indefinite subject.

In vaguely personal sentences the main member is expressed by a verb in the 3-person plural form (present and future tense in the indicative mood and in the imperative mood), past tense plural indicative and similar conditional verb.

The originator of the action in these sentences is unknown or unimportant.

For example: In the house knocked oven doors (A. Tolstoy); On the streets somewhere far away shoot(Bulgakov); Would give man relax in front of the road (Sholokhov).

Generalized personal suggestions

 
Generalized personal suggestions — these are one-piece sentences with the main predicate term, conveying the actions of the generalized subject (the action is attributed to each and every one separately).

The main term in a generalized personal sentence may have the same modes of expression as in definitively personal and indefinitely personal sentences, but most often expressed by a 2nd person singular and plural verb present and future tense or a 3rd person plural verb.

For example: Good for bad don’t change (proverb); Not very senior now respected (Ostrovsky); What sow, then reap(proverb).

Generalized personal sentences are usually presented in proverbs, sayings, catch phrases, aphorisms.

Proposals containing the author’s generalization are also generalized personal. The speaker uses the 1nd person verb instead of the 2st person verb to give a generalized meaning.

For example: Go out sometimes outside and surprised transparency of air.

Impersonal sentences

Impersonal sentences — these are one-part sentences with a leading predicate term, transmitting actions or states that arise regardless of the producer of the action.

In such proposals it is impossible to substitute the subject.

The main member of an impersonal sentence can be similar in structure to a simple verbal predicate and is expressed:

1) an impersonal verb, the only syntactic function of which is to be the main member of impersonal one-part sentences:

For example: It’s getting colder / getting colder / will get colder.

2) a personal verb in an impersonal form:

For example: Getting dark.

3) to be a verb and not a word in negative sentences:

For example: Winds did not have / no.

The main member, similar in structure to the compound verb predicate, can have the following expression:

1) modal or phasic verb in impersonal form + infinitive:

For example: Outside the window it got dark.

2) the linking verb be in the impersonal form (in the present tense in the zero form) + adverb + infinitive:

For example: Sorry / it was a pity to leave with friends.

It’s time to get ready on the road.

The main member, similar in structure to the compound nominal predicate, is expressed:

1) verb-linking in impersonal form + adverb:

For example: It was a pity old man.

On the street. became freshly.

2) a linking verb in an impersonal form + a short passive participle:

For example: In a room was smoked.

A special group among impersonal sentences is formed by infinitive sentences.

The main member of a one-part sentence can be expressed by an infinitive that does not depend on any other member of the sentence and denotes an action possible or impossible, necessary, inevitable. Such sentences are called infinitive.

For example: Tomorrow be on duty… To all get up! Would go to Moscow!

Infinitive sentences have different modal meanings: must, necessity, possibility or impossibility, inevitability of action; as well as motivation for action, command, command.

Infinitive sentences are subdivided into unconditional (Be silent!) And conditionally desirable (would read).

Nominative (nominative) sentences

Nominative (nominative) sentences — these are one-piece sentences that convey the meaning of being (existence, presence) of the subject of speech (thought).

The main member in a nominative sentence can be expressed by a noun in the nominative case and a quantitative-nominal combination.

For example: Night, street, lamp, pharmacy… Pointless and dim light(Block); Three wars, three hungry pores, what the century has awarded (Soloukhin).

Indicative particles may be included in nominative sentences. they, here, and for the introduction of emotional assessment — exclamation particles well и, what, like this:

For example: What weather! Well rain! Like this storm!

The distributors of the nominative sentence can be agreed and inconsistent definitions:

For example: Late autumn.

If the distributor is the circumstance of place, time, then such sentences can be interpreted as two-part incomplete:

For example: Coming Soon autumn… (Compare: Coming Soon autumn will come.)

Outdoors rain… (Compare: On the street it’s raining.)

Nominative (nominative) sentences can have the following subspecies:

1) Proper-existential sentences expressing the idea of ​​the existence of a phenomenon, object, time.

For example:  April 22 year. Sineva… The snow has melted.

2) Indicative-existential sentences. The basic meaning of beingness is complicated by the meaning of indication.

For example: Here mill.

3) Evaluative-existential (Dominance of evaluation).

For example: Well and day! Oh yeah! And already character! + particles well, then, also to me, and also.

The main member can be an evaluative noun (Beauty. Nonsense.)

4) desirable-existential (particles only, if only).

For example: If only health… Not just death. If happiness.

5) incentive (incentive-desirable: Attention! good afternoon! and imperative-imperatives: Fire! etc.).

It is necessary to distinguish constructions from nominative sentences that coincide in form with them.

— Nominative case as a simple name (name, inscription). They can be called proper-naming — there is absolutely no meaning of beingness.

For example: «War and Peace».

— Nominative as a predicate two-part sentence (Who is he? Familiar.)

— The nominative case of the topic can be attributed to the isolated nominative, but meaningfully they do not have the meaning of beingness, do not perform a communicative function, form a syntactic unity only in combination with the subsequent construction.

For example:  Moscow… How much of this sound has merged for the Russian heart  Autumn… I especially love this time of the year.

Source: https://videotutor-rusyaz.ru/uchenikam/teoriya/222-odnosostavnyepredlogeniya.html

Russian language rules

Oak is a tree.Optics is a branch of physics.The elder brother is my teacher.My elder brother is a teacher.

Note 1. If there is a negation not in front of a predicate, a pronounced noun in the nominative case, then a dash is not put, for example:

Poverty is not a vice.

Note 2. In an interrogative sentence with a main member expressed by a pronoun, a dash between the main members is not put, for example:

Who is your father?The purpose of each person is to develop in himself everything that is human, common and enjoy it. (Belinsky). Living life is not a field to cross.Communism is Soviet power plus the electrification of the entire country (Lenin). Poetry is the fiery gaze of a youth seething with excess strength (Belinsky). Romanticism is the first word that announced the Pushkin period, nationality is the alpha and omega of the new period (Belinsky). Hope and swimmer — the whole sea swallowed (Krylov). Neither the crows of a rooster, nor the sonorous rumble of horns, nor the chirping of an early swallow on the roof — nothing will call the deceased from the coffins (Zhukovsky).

1. If you can put it in front of the application without changing the meaning namely, For example:

I don’t like this aspen tree too much (Turgenev). In relations with outsiders, he demanded one thing — the preservation of decency. (Herzen). Paying tribute to his time, Mr. Goncharov also brought out the antidote to Oblomov — Stolz (Dobrolyubov).

2. If the application contains explanatory words and it is necessary to emphasize the shade of independence of such an application, for example:

I had a cast-iron teapot with me — my only joy in my travels in the Caucasus (Lermontov).

I went out, not wanting to offend him, on the terrace — and was stupefied (Herzen). I hurry there — and there is already the whole city (Pushkin). I wanted to go around the whole world — and did not go around a hundredth (Griboyedov). I wanted to paint — the brushes fell out of my hands. I tried to read — his gaze slid over the lines (Lermontov).

Note 1. To enhance the shade of surprise, a dash can be placed after the compositional conjunctions connecting two parts of one sentence, for example:

Ask for a calculation on Saturday and — march to the village (M. Gorky). I really want to go there to them, get to know them, but — I’m afraid (M. Gorky).

Note 2. To express surprise, any part of the sentence can be separated by a dash, for example:

And they threw the pike into the river (Krylov). And ate the poor singer — to the crumb (Krylov). I am a king — I am a slave, I am a worm — I am a god (Derzhavin). It’s no wonder to cut off your head — it’s tricky to put (proverb). They don’t live here — paradise (Krylov). Praises are tempting — how can you not wish them? (Krylov). The sun is up — the day begins (Nekrasov). Gruzdev called himself get in the body.The forest is being cut down — the chips are flying.Confused yourself — unravel yourself; knew how to make porridge — be able to disentangle it; if you like to ride — love to carry sledges (Saltykov-Shchedrin). I ask you: do workers need to be paid? (Chekhov). Pustoroslev for his faithful service — Chizhov’s estate, and Chizhov — to Siberia forever (A. N. Tolstoy). We are villages — to ashes, hailstones — to dust, to swords — sickles and plows (Zhukovsky). Everything is obedient to me, but I am to nothing (Pushkin).

§ 174 By means of a dash the following are distinguished:

For parentheses, see § 188.

1. Sentences and words inserted in the middle of a sentence for the purpose of clarifying or supplementing it, in cases where brackets can weaken the connection between the insertion and the main sentence, for example:

Here — there is nothing to do — friends kissed (Krylov). Suddenly — lo and behold! oh shame! — spoke the oracle nonsense (Krylov). Only once — and even then at the very beginning — there was an unpleasant and harsh conversation (Furmanov).

For application commas see § 152.

1. A common application after the noun being defined, if it is necessary to emphasize the shade of independence of such an application, for example:

The senior sergeant — a brave elderly Cossack with badges for long-term service — ordered to «build up» (Sholokhov). In front of the doors of the club — a wide log house — workers with banners awaited guests (Fedin).

1. A group of homogeneous members standing in the middle of a sentence, for example:

Usually from the riding villages — Elanskaya, Vyoshenskaya, Migulinskaya and Kazanskaya — they took Cossacks into the 11-12th Army Cossack regiments and in the Life Guards Atamansky (Sholokhov).

Note. A dash is placed after an enumeration in the middle of a sentence if this enumeration is preceded by a generalizing word or words somehow, for example, namely (see § 160).

I knew very well that this was my husband, not some new, unknown person, but a good person — my husband, whom I knew as myself (L. Tolstoy). Now, as a forensic investigator, Ivan Ilyich felt that all, without exception, the most important, smug people — everything was in his hands (L. Tolstoy). Who is to blame, who is right, is not for us to judge (Krylov). Did Stolz do anything for this, what he did and how he did — we do not know. (Dobrolyubov). Oh, if it is true that in the night, When the living rest, And from the sky, moonbeams Slide onto the grave stones,

Silent graves empty, —

I call the shadow, I wait for Leila:

To me, my friend, here, here!

(Pushkin). In the 1800s, in a time when there were no railways, no highways, no gas or stearin light, no spring low sofas, no furniture without varnish, no disillusioned youths with glass, no liberal philosophers-women, nor the lovely ladies-camellias, of which there are so many divorced in our time, in those naive times, when from Moscow, leaving for St. Petersburg in a cart or carriage, they took with them a whole home-made kitchen, drove for eight days along a soft, dusty or dirty road and they believed in fire cutlets, Valdai bells and bagels; when tallow candles were burning on long autumn evenings, lighting up family circles of twenty and thirty people, wax and spermaceti candles were inserted into the candelabra at balls, when the furniture was placed symmetrically, when our fathers were still young, not only by the absence of wrinkles and gray hair, but shot for women, from another corner of the room, rushed to pick up handkerchiefs that had been dropped by accident or not; our mothers wore short waists and huge sleeves and decided family matters by taking out tickets; when the lovely camellia ladies were hiding from the daylight; in the naive times of the Masonic lodges, the Martinists of the Tugendbund, in the times of the Miloradovichs, Davydovs, and Pushkins, there was a congress of landowners in the provincial town of K. and the noble elections ended (L. Tolstoy). Flights from the USSR to America.Manuscripts of the XNUMXth — XNUMXth centuries

Source: https://therules.ru/dash/

Personal, vaguely personal and impersonal sentences in English

Personal sentences are sentences in which the subject expresses a person, object or concept.

The child began to cry.
The child began to cry.

Sometimes the subject is not indicated, but it is implied (more often in imperative sentences).

And don’t cross the street against the lights.
And do not cross the street by the light (meaning you «you»).

Note. For ways of expressing subjects, see Subject in English

Uncertain personal suggestions

Uncertain personal sentences are sentences in which the subject is expressed by an indefinite person.

In English, pronouns are used in the function of the subject of an indefinite personal sentence (in the meaning of an indefinite person) one, you or they (the latter is excluding the speaker).

In Russian, there is no subject in vaguely personal sentences. When translating English indefinite sentences into Russian, pronouns one, you и they are not translated, and English vaguely personal sentences are generally translated into Russian by vaguely personal or impersonal sentences.

One must be careful when driving a car.
Necessary be careful when driving.

You never know what he may bring next time. (- One never knows)

You never know (hard to say) what he can bring next time.

You may walk miles without seeing one.

One can (You can) walk many miles without meeting anyone.

They are drunk that a new theater will soon be built here.

They saythat a new theater will soon be built here.

Impersonal sentences

In Russian, an impersonal sentence is a sentence in which there is no subject: Winter. Coldly. Dark. It’s time to start working.

In English, there is a subject in impersonal sentences, but it does not express the person or object that performs the action. The function of this formal subject is expressed by the pronoun it, which is usually not translated into Russian.

Impersonal sentences are used:

1. When designating:

a) time:

It is 6 o’clock. 6 o’clock.
It is late. Late.

b) distances:

It is three miles from here. (It’s) three miles from here.

c) natural phenomena, the state of the weather, the emotional state of a person:

It is winter. Winter. It is cold. Coldly.

It is snowing (raining). It’s snowing (rain)

2. In the presence of impersonal turns, it seems — it seems, it appears — obviously, apparently, it happens — it turns out.

It happened that nobody had taken the key to the flat. It turned out that no one took the key to the apartment.

it seems that I have left my textbook at home.

It seems (that) I left the tutorial at home.

The verb shall is used as an auxiliary verb for the formation of the future tense in the 1st person singular and plural. The verb will is used as an auxiliary verb for the formation of the future tense with the 2nd and 3rd person singular and plural.

Source: https://catchenglish.ru/grammatika/lichnye-neopredelenno-lichnye-i-bezlichnye-predlozheniya.html

Using impersonal sentences in English

The British love accuracy, so in English the main thing is to adhere to a clear sentence structure. Everything should be in order: first the subject, then the predicate, then the secondary members of the sentence, etc.

However, there are sentences in English that are called impersonal.

It is difficult to compare them with the chaotic impersonal sentences in Russian, devoid of the subject, such as «Evening», «Light», since in these structures the subject is still there. But first things first.

3 types of offers to be aware of

In English, as in Russian, there are 3 types of sentences: personal, vaguely personal and impersonal.

In personal sentences, the subject expresses a person, object or concept. Everything is simple here: The child began to cry / The child began to cry.

In indefinite personal sentences, the subject is expressed by an indefinite person. The pronouns one, you or they perform the functions of a subject indefinitely-personal sentence in English.

• One must be graceful to his parents. — You need to be grateful to your parents.
• You never guess what she may bring next time. (- One never guess) — You will never guess (hard to say) what she might bring next time.
• You may walk along the street without meeting one. — You can (you can / you can) walk along the street and not meet anyone.
• They say that a new mall will be built here next year. — They say that next year a new shopping center will be built here.

In Russian, an impersonal sentence is a sentence in which there is no subject: Winter. It is light. Coldly. It’s frosty. Dark. It’s time to leave. Impersonal sentences in English, as noted above, are not devoid of a subject. However, it does not express the person or object performing the action. The function of the so-called «formal» subject is performed by the pronoun it, which, as a rule, is not translated into Russian.

Cases of using impersonal constructions

• When designating time, distance, natural phenomena, the state of the weather, the emotional state of a person.
  • It is 3 o’clock. 3 hours.
  • It is late. Late.
  • It is ten miles from here. (It’s) ten miles from here.
  • It is summer. Summer.
  • It is frosty. It’s frosty.
  • It is raining (snowing). It’s raining (snowing)
• In the presence of such impersonal turns as it seems (seems), it appears (apparently, apparently), it happens (turns out).
  • It seems that I’ve forgotten my identity card at home. — It seems (that) I forgot my passport at home.
  • It appears that he will win. — Obviously he will win.
  • It happened that nobody had made homework. — It turned out that no one had done their homework.

2 types of impersonal sentences

In English, they are of two types: nominal and verb. The first got their name due to the presence of an adjective in their structure. Their structure includes the verb to be and they are formed according to the following scheme:

subject + linking verb to be + nominal predicate + object

Let’s consider examples of structures of a nominal impersonal sentence in the table.

Subject matter	Linking verb to be	Nominal part of the predicate	Addition	Transfer
It	is	stuffy	here	It’s stuffy here
It	is	amazing	that we saw it our own eyes	It’s great that we saw it with our own eyes
It	was	late	when he came	It was getting late when he arrived
It	is	pleasant	to be on this island	It’s nice to be on this island

Examples of structures of a verbal impersonal sentence.

Subject matter	Linking verb to be	Semantic verb	Addition	Transfer
It	snow	a lot in Alaska	It often snows in Alaska
It	rained	cats and dogs last Monday	It rained like a bucket last Monday
It	will	snow	next tuesday	It will snow next tuesday

The construction of interrogative and negative forms of verbal impersonal sentences occurs according to the general rules of ordinary verbal predicates: the grammatical time used in the sentence is taken into account, and auxiliary words are used that are necessary to pose the question.

Mistakes Beginners

The most common beginner mistake is trying to translate impersonal sentences verbatim. Even the most simple sentences can be correctly translated by understanding the following rules:

• do not rush to translate if in Russian a sentence begins with indirect pronouns: me, him, her, them, us. Think carefully about how to say it in English;
• remember that in English a sentence always begins with a subject, and if this subject is a pronoun, then it must necessarily be in the nominative case: he, she, it, I, you, they, we, but not us, them, me, him , her.

Below are examples of constructs in which beginners most often make mistakes.

• I don’t like this novel = I don’t like this novel. — I don’t this novel. (Me not this novel).
• She has a son. = She has a son. — She has a son. (Her be a son.)
• My name is Katya. = My name is Katya. = I am Katya. — My name is Kate. I am Kate. (Me is Kate).
• They live well. = They live well. — They live well. (Them lives good).

Exercises for consolidation

To better understand all of the above rules, the impersonality of a sentence and consolidate knowledge, try a simple translation exercise:

1. It will be hot ..
2. Stuffy ..
3. It was raining and snowing on Monday.
4. It was warmer three days ago ..
5. It will be cold in March. …

Source: https://englishfull.ru/grammatika/bezlichnye-predlozheniya.html

Parse proposal by members

Parsing a word by its composition Find co-root words Check uniqueness Find synonyms for words Check spelling Recognize

The service allows you to automatically parse the proposal by members. 

Members of the Russian language proposal

Words and word combinations that are connected by syntactic relations when constructing a sentence constitute a special section. All members of the proposal are divided into:

Prepositions, conjunctions, particles and interjections do not differ as a member of a sentence. Introductory constructions and appeals join this group.

The main members of the proposal

Subject and predicate have the main semantic function. They are the grammatical basis of the sentence.

A subject is a subject who performs an action. Who answers the questions? what? It is always in the nominative case. For example, the birds are singing. The action is performed by the birds — this is the subject.

The predicate indicates the action of the subject. Answers the questions: what to do? what to do? what? what it is? For example, a house is a fortress. House what is it? Fortress is a predicate.

According to the presence of the main members and their number, the proposal is:

• two-part or one-part;
• simple or complex.

In a two-part sentence, there are both predicate and subject. For example, spring is coming. At the core of a one-part sentence, only one of the main members is implied. For example, it’s spring outside.

A simple sentence reflects only one stem from the subject / predicate. With two or more stems, it is called complex. For example: Summer is coming soon. Summer is coming soon, and the berries will ripen again.

When parsing a sentence in writing, the subject is underlined with one line, the predicate — with two.

Secondary members of the proposal

The secondary information is carried by three members of the proposal, which are closely related to the main members, explain the main idea.

Depending on the presence of secondary members, there are:

• common and uncommon.

An uncommon sentence consists only of a subject and a predicate (in a one-part sentence with one main member). For example: Spring. Children draw.

If there is a minor member, the offer is considered extended. For example: A fragrant spring. Children draw birds.

Add definition, addition and circumstance for additional information.

Addition

Indicates an object and answers questions of indirect cases: who? what? to whom? what? whom? what? by whom? how? about whom? about what?

There is a direct object: in the accusative case, the object does not need a preposition when answering a question. For example, I see (who?) Mom.

Indirect object is the forms of all other cases, regardless of the presence of a preposition; in the accusative case, a preposition is required. For example, believe (what?) In justice.

Parts of speech that express complement:

• noun;
• adjective as a noun;
• participle as a noun;
• pronoun;
• indefinite form of the verb (infinitive);
• phrase;
• phraseological units.

In written parsing, the addition is underlined with a dotted line.

Definition

Indicates a feature of an object and answers the questions which one? whose? Refers to a noun or part of speech that acts as a noun. According to the method of agreement, the definitions are:

• agreed;
• inconsistent;

The agreed definition applies in the same gender, number, case as the word being defined. Inconsistent definitions are associated with the word being defined using contiguity, control.

The writing definition is underlined with a wavy line.

Circumstance

Indicates the place, time, mode of action and degree, as well as the reason, condition, comparison, purpose of the action. Depending on the type, it answers the questions: where? when? where? since when? as? how? why? from what? why? why? for what purpose? how?

In a written analysis, the circumstance is marked with a dot-and-dash line.

So, there are main and secondary members of the proposal. You can especially consider homogeneous members of the sentence that refer to the same word, answer the same question.

How the sentence is parsed

To parse a sentence by member, you need to follow a simple algorithm. It consists in the following: first, the grammatical basis of the sentence is found. Ask nominative questions «who?» and what?». This will be the subject. Most often it is expressed by a noun, pronoun, or the initial form of a verb.

You can find the predicate by asking the age-old question that Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky thought about: «What to do?» It is very suitable for that member of the sentence, which is expressed by such an interesting morphological unit as a verb. By underlining the subject with one line, and the predicate with two, you can further parse. You should be careful when parsing, since there are sentences with one main term, subject or predicate.

Now we need to explain the main thing.

Finding all the secondary members of a sentence will become easier if you know which part of speech they are usually expressed. A complement is a noun or its substitute pronoun in five cases (excluding the nominative). Such cases are called indirect.

Definitions are expressed by an adjective, participle, pronoun and answer the questions: «what?» and «whose?» An adverb, a participle, a noun and an indefinite form of a verb in a sentence perform the function of a circumstance if they answer the questions: how, where, from where, where, for what reason.

We underline the additions with a dotted line, the definition is wavy, the circumstance is a dotted line with a dot.

Special cases

The proposals with homogeneous members of the proposals are original. Homogeneous ones are so called because they mean the same thing, which means that it should be noted that homogeneous terms answer the same question

Source: https://progaonline.com/members_proposal

The grammatical basis of the sentence: what constitutes the basis and scheme of this in complex constructions, how to determine the main members and their types

As part of the grammatical base, there are subject and predicate… If a sentence consists of one main member, then this is only a subject or predicate.

There are no proposals without a foundation (except for incomplete ones)!

Find the subject. Questions WHO? or WHAT?

The subject is the main member of the sentence, grammatically independent.

In a typical sentence, it is the subject (in the broad sense) referred to in the sentence. This is a nominative word. Most often it is a noun or pronoun that answers the questions: Who? or What?

Examples:

• The wolf came out of the forest (What or what is the sentence about? About the wolf, that is, we pose the question: Who? Wolf. Noun).
• A shaggy black dog suddenly jumped out of the sedge thickets (Who? Dog. Noun).
• I smiled and walked forward. (Who? I. Pronoun).

There are some cases when the subject is expressed in other ways (not a noun and not a pronoun):

Other ways of expressing the subject	Examples
Numeral (quantitative and collective) name as a noun	Three came out of the forest.
Adjective as a noun	Well fed hungry is not a comrade.
Participle as a noun	Vacationers were having fun. The road will be mastered by the walking one.
Adverb	Tomorrow will definitely come.
Interjection	A hurray burst out in the distance.
Phrase	My friends and I left earlier. A lot of schoolchildren took part in the competition.
Infinitive	Composing is my element.

We find the predicate. Questions: WHAT DOES IT DO?

What are the predicates?

The predicate is associated with the subject and answers the question that is asked to it from the subject: What does the subject do?

But with the appropriate expression of the subject (see the table above), these may be other questions: What is an object ?, What is an object), etc.

Examples:

• The wolf came out of the forest (We ask a question from the character, from the subject: what did the wolf do? Out — this is a predicate, expressed by a verb).
• A shaggy black dog suddenly jumped out of the sedge thickets (What did the dog do? Jumped out).
• I smiled and walked forward. (What I did — smiled and went).

There are three types of predicates in Russian:

• Simple verb (one verb). Example: The wolf came out.
• Compound verb (auxiliary verb + infinitive). Example: I am hungry. I have to go to Suzdal (essentially two verbs in a predicate).
• Compound nominal (linking verb + nominal part). Example: I will be a teacher (essentially a verb and another part of speech in a predicate).

Difficult cases in determining predicates

The 1 situation… Often, problems with the definition of a predicate arise in a situation where a simple verb predicate is expressed in more than one word. Example: Today you will not have lunch alone (= will have lunch).

In this sentence, the predicate you will have dinner is a simple verb, it is expressed in two words for the reason that it is a composite form of the future tense.

The 2 situation… I got into trouble doing this job (= difficult). The predicate is expressed in phraseological units.

The 3 situation… Another difficult case is sentences in which a compound predicate is represented by the form of a short participle. Example: The doors are always open.

An error in determining the type of predicate may be associated with an incorrect definition of a part of speech (a short participle should be distinguished from a verb). In fact, in this sentence, the predicate is a compound nominal, and not a simple verb, as it might seem.

Why compound, if expressed in one word? Because in the form of the present tense, the verb has a zero link. If you put the predicate in the form of the past or future tense, then it will manifest itself. Compare. The doors will always be open. The doors were always open.

The 4 situation… A similar error can occur in the case of expressing the nominal part of a compound nominal predicate by a noun or adverb.

Example. Our hut is the second from the edge. (Compare: Our hut was second from the edge).

Dasha is married to Sasha (Compare: Dasha was married to Sasha).

Remember that words are part of the compound predicate you can, you need, you can’t.

Determining the stem in one-part sentences

In nominative sentences, the basis will be presented to the subject.

Example: Winter morning.

In vaguely personal sentences, there is only a predicate. The subject is not expressed, but it is understandable.

Example: I love the storm in early May.

The most difficult case of expressing the stem in impersonal sentences. Most often these are just different types of compound nominal predicates.

Examples: I need to act. The house is warm. I’m upset. There is no comfort, no peace.

If you do not form the skill of determining the basis of a sentence in the lower grades, then this will lead to difficulties in analyzing one-part and complex sentences in grades 8-9. If you gradually develop this skill by the method of complication, then all problems will be resolved.

Source: https://rgiufa.ru/russkij-yazyk/kak-opredelit-grammaticheskuyu-osnovu-predlozheniya.html

Two-part and one-part sentences

One-part sentences are divided into verbal and substantive. In verbal one-part sentences, the main member is the predicate. In substantive one-part sentences, the main member is the subject.

Verb one-part sentences, in turn, are divided into definite personal, indefinite personal and impersonal. Sometimes generalized personal proposals are also singled out.

One-part verbs

1. Definitely personal

A definite personal sentence is a one-part sentence with the main member — a predicate, expressed by a verb in the form of the 1st or 2nd person of the indicative mood or a verb in the form of the imperative mood. The predicate denotes the action of the speaker or his interlocutor.

If you can substitute pronouns in the sentence я, you, we, you and the meaning of this will not change, then this is definitely a personal proposal.

I love to eat delicious food. In this sentence, the predicate is expressed by a verb in the form of the 1st person. You can supplement the sentence with a pronoun я.

Respect cats! In this sentence, the predicate is expressed by a verb in the form of an imperative mood.

Let’s go to Honduras! In this sentence, the predicate is also expressed by a verb in the form of an imperative mood.

2. Vaguely personal

An indefinite personal sentence is a one-piece sentence with a main member — a predicate, which denotes an action or state of an indefinite person. The predicate in such sentences is expressed by a verb in the form of a 3 person plural. numbers in the present or future tense or in the plural form. numbers in the past tense.

You will be paid a scholarship.

The elephant was led along the streets.

3. Impersonal

An impersonal sentence is a one-part sentence with a main member — a predicate, which names an action or state that is presented without the participation of the subject of the action (subject). In such a sentence, there is not and cannot be a subject.

The predicate in such sentences can be expressed:

a) a predicative adverb or a combination of a predicative adverb (must not, can, necessary etc.) and the indefinite form of the verb

You cannot divide by zero.

The cat is bored of being locked up.

It’s cold in the room.

b) an impersonal verb in the form of the 3rd person singular. numbers in the present or future tense or in the form of a neuter singular. numbers in the past tense (or a combination of such a verb and an indefinite verb)

I really want chocolate.

I wanted to go far, far away.

c) a personal verb in an impersonal meaning (for example, when denoting a natural phenomenon or a change in the time of day) in the form of 3 person singular. numbers in the present or future tense or in the form of a neuter singular. numbers in the past tense

After the cancellation of the transition to winter time, it gets dark very early in winter.

d) the indefinite form of the verb

Everybody stand up!

e) word no.

There is no truth on earth. (AS Pushkin. «Mozart and Salieri») In this sentence the predicate is the word no.

4. Generalized personal

A generalized personal sentence is a one-part sentence with a main term — a predicate, the action of which potentially applies to any person.

In form, such proposals are similar to definite personal or vaguely personal.

Tears of sorrow will not help. This proposal in form is definitely personal.

They do not look at a given horse’s teeth. This form proposal is vaguely personal.

Not all linguists distinguish generalized personal sentences in a separate category.

One-piece substantive

The most common type of one-part substantive sentences is nominative sentences.

A nominative sentence is a one-part sentence with a main member — a subject, denoting the presence, existence of an object or phenomenon. The subject in such sentences is expressed by a noun, a personal pronoun, a substantiated part of speech in the form of a nominative case, as well as a quantitative-nominal combination, the main word in which is in the nominative case.

Night, street, lantern, pharmacy, meaningless and dim light. (A. Blok) This is a complex non-union sentence, each part of which is a one-part nominative sentence, and not a simple sentence with four homogeneous subjects.

This is my home.

Source: https://lampa.io/p/двусоставные-и-односоставные-предложения-000000006b15c4d870a5390da5e406b3

Members of the proposal

Articles

• Subject matter
• Predicate
• Definition
• Circumstance
• Addition

Members of the proposal, grammatically significant parts into which the sentence is subdivided during parsing; can consist of both separate words and phrases, i.e. groups of syntactically related words.

The members of the sentence are distinguished not on the basis of their internal structure, but on the basis of the function that they perform as part of larger syntactic units. In a sentence, a group of a subject and a group of a predicate are usually distinguished, connected with each other by a predicative relationship.

The subject and predicate are called the main members of the sentence; in their composition, other members are distinguished, called secondary: definitions, additions, circumstances.

The subject and predicate play the most important role in a sentence.

Subject matter

The subject is usually called a noun (with or without dependent words), which plays the most important grammatical role in a sentence: in Russian it usually stands in the nominative case, the predicate agrees with it, it most often expresses the topic (what is said in the sentence ); only it can correspond to a reflexive or reciprocal pronoun, only the subject can coincide in the main sentence and in the adverbial turnover.

However, there are also such units in which only a part of the listed signs is observed, for example, there is an indirect case (He can’t open the door, I’m cold), lack of agreement with the predicate (And the queen is laughing), difficulty in controlling the adverbial circulation (?Resisting, the offender was killed).

Sometimes the null subject is selected, which controls the agreement with the predicate, but does not have an external expression (At five o’clock in the morning, as always, the rise struck (A.I.Solzhenitsyn); The yard was covered with snow). In some Germanic and Romance languages, the subject must be expressed necessarily, in connection with which the phenomenon of an empty subject is observed, i.e. shaped, but not meaningful: eng.

It is raining «It’s raining», There is a book on the table «There is a book on the table.» Often, subjects are distinguished — subordinate clauses (That he was late — poorly), less often — adverbial groups (From Moscow to Tula near) and other units.

Predicate

Predictable is the part of the sentence that expresses its main content — that which is the subject of a statement (with a greater or lesser degree of certainty), denial or question. The predicate is usually expressed by a verb, sometimes with dependent words (Boy goes to school; I want to get up early), less often — a noun or an adjective with or without a linking verb (He is sick; I was a student).

How to identify types of one-part sentences

Most often, the task B4 of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language involves the ability define the types of one-part sentences. There is a lot of information on this topic — you can find it in school textbooks, various kinds of manuals, etc. And we decided to focus on the most important thing — on what is directly useful for completing the USE tasks in the Russian language.

One-piece sentence differs from two-part, first of all, by the fact that in it not two main members, but only one — subject or predicate. Let’s observe:

Depending on what kind of main member (subject or predicate) is in the sentence, one-part sentences are divided into two groups:

• one-part sentences with a principal subject,
• one-part sentences with a leading predicate.

Let’s consider each of the groups.

One-part sentences with principal subject

This is nominative sentences… Their grammatical base consists only of the subject, which in most cases is expressed by a noun in the nominative case.

Nominative sentences can include minor members (that is, be common), they often contain particles (here, here it is, and there, what kind of, etc.):

One-part sentences with a leading predicate

They, in turn, are divided into several types, depending on how the speaker or writer knows the producer of the action («person»):

Definitely personal offers

Consider the suggestions:

There is no subject in them, however, the one who performs the action is easily guessed in them — “the person is determined” (therefore, such sentences are called definitely personal).

As you can see, the predicate in one-part definite personal sentences is expressed by verbs 1 and 2 of the singular and plural. Simply put, personal pronouns can be substituted for the predicate in a definite personal sentence: I, we, you, you.

But keep in mind: we are talking only about predicate verbs in the present and future tense. In the past tense, things are not so simple:

The fact is that in the past tense, verbs do not change by person. This means that a single-component sentence with a predicate in the form of the past tense cannot be definitively personal: “face” is impossible to define!

Moreover, sentences like “Walking down the street” are not one-piece. These are two-part incomplete sentences. Predicates are not absent in them, as in one-part sentences, but are skipped and restored from the previous context or situation. But the sentence «Sing a song» may turn out to be one-part, indefinitely personal. 

Uncertain personal suggestions

Judging by the name, in indefinite-personal sentences «the person is not defined» — the one who performs the action is unknown to the speaker or writer. And nevertheless, the action is performed by someone, the «person» that produces it exists:

Someone writes in the newspapers about the weather, someone knocked on the door, someone will talk about it — but who exactly is doing all these actions is unknown.

Predicates in such sentences are expressed in the 3rd person plural form of the present, past or future tense. Remember: the predicate in an indefinite personal sentence is always in the plural! 

Generalized personal suggestions

Generalized-personal are one-piece sentences in which the action of the predicate verb refers not to one person, but to many (or to all) — that is, to a generalized «person».

Most often, generalized personal sentences are proverbs:

In form, such sentences can be definitely personal or indefinitely personal, differing, however, in their generalized meaning. That is why not all linguists distinguish generalized personal sentences into a separate type of one-part sentences. Nevertheless, one cannot ignore the specifics of such proposals at all. Sometimes they are characterized as follows:

What goes around comes around. — One-part definite personal sentence with a generalized meaning.

Do not count your chickens before they are hatched. — A one-piece indefinite personal sentence with a generalized meaning.

Test on the topic «Types of one-part sentences»

Source: http://bacenko.ru/podgotovka-k-ege/zadanie-v4/

What a simple sentence consists of

Sentence (in language) is a unit of language, which is a grammatically organized combination of words (or a word) with semantic and intonational completeness. [1] From the point of view of punctuation, a sentence as a complete unit of speech is formed at the end with a period, exclamation or question marks — or ellipsis. Also, a sentence is synonymous with a «phrase». [2]

Scientific proposal [edit | edit code]

The science studying sentence is syntax. In the history of the Russian language, there have been several attempts to define a sentence, including attempts to define it in terms of logic, psychology, and grammar.

From the point of view of logic, F. I. Buslaev determined that «a judgment expressed in words is a sentence.» [3]

DN Ovsyaniko-Kulikovsky, a supporter of the psychological approach to the definition of a sentence, gave the following definition: “A sentence is such a word or such an ordered combination of words that is associated with a special movement of thought, known as“ predicate ”(“ predictability ”).» [4]

FF Fortunatov, a representative of the formal grammatical direction, wrote the following about the sentence: “Among the grammatical phrases used in full sentences in speech, those phrases that we have the right to call grammatical sentences are dominant in the Russian language, since they contain, as parts, grammatical subject and grammatical predicate. » [5]

Members of the proposal [edit | edit code]

Sentence members are grammatically significant parts into which the sentence is divided during parsing. They can consist of both individual words and phrases. There are two main members of the sentence: the subject and the predicate, which are in a predicative relationship, forming a predicative unit, and play the most important role. The secondary members of the proposal include addition, circumstance, definition.

The composition of the subject the subject is called and all the minor members of the sentence that refer to the subject (common and uncommon definitions).

Similarly, predicate composition the predicate is called and all the minor members of the sentence that relate to the predicate (circumstances and additions with dependent words).

For example: A beautiful stranger on the train gave him an enigmatic smile. Beautiful — a definition, a stranger — a subject, on a train — a circumstance, gave — a predicate, a smile — an addition, to him — an indirect addition.

Types of sentences [edit | edit code]

A sentence can express a thought-question, a thought-motive and have an emotional coloring. Accordingly, offers are of the following types:

• Narrative (declarative) the sentence informs about any fact, action or event:

• Narrative affirmative — contains the statement: I’ll go outside at eleven o’clock.
• Narrative negative — contains negation: I won’t get ready for long.

Interrogative sentence encourages the interlocutor to answer the speaker’s question. Interrogative sentences are of the following types:

Actually interrogative the sentence contains a question that necessarily implies an answer: Did you get the job done? Has he come already?

Interrogative-affirmative the offer contains information that requires confirmation: So are you driving? Is it already decided? Well, let’s go? (see also the definition of an interrogative-motivating sentence)

Interrogative negative the sentence already contains a denial of what is being asked: What can you like here? Doesn’t seem to be particularly pleasant? So what can you tell us?

Source: https://crast.ru/instrumenty/iz-chego-sostoit-prostoe-predlozhenie

5 simple rules for word order in English

In order to build even the simplest sentence in English, you need to know the word order in the language. This seemingly simple but very important topic is the starting point for learning English grammar.

Subject + predicate + direct object

In an ordinary affirmative sentence, the subject is placed directly before the predicate (verb). The direct object, when present, comes immediately after the verb. For example:

• They bought a car. — They bought a car.
• We can’t do that. — We cannot do this.
• The girl in a blue dress was playing the piano. — A girl in a blue dress played the piano.

Predicate

Note that by subject we mean here not only the main noun or pronoun, but also the adjectives or descriptive phrases that refer to it. The rest of the sentence, which is not related to the subject, is called the predicate. For example:

• The girl in a blue dress was playing the piano.

Indirect additions and circumstances

If there are any other parts in the sentence — indirect additions or circumstances — they usually occupy a strictly defined place.

Indirect Complement Position

Indirect object is placed after direct object if it contains the preposition to.

Indirect object is placed before direct object when to is absent. For example:

• The teacher gave dictionaries to the pupils. — The teacher handed out dictionaries to students.
• The teacher gave them dictionaries. — The teacher gave them dictionaries.

Position of circumstance

A circumstance can be posed in three places:

Before the subject (usually these are the circumstances of the time)

• In the morning he was reading a book. — In the morning he read a book.

After the addition (almost any adverb or adverbial phrase can be put here):

• He was reading a book at the library. — He read a book in the library.

Between the auxiliary and the main verb (as a rule, these are short adverbs):

• He has already read this book. — He has already read the book.

Non-standard word order in English

Typically, in Standard English, no other words are placed between subject and predicate, or between predicate and object. But there are a few exceptions. Here are the most important ones:

Frequency adverbs and indirect objects without the preposition to

• I sometimes drink coffee in the morning. — I sometimes drink coffee in the morning.

Source: https://skyeng.ru/articles/5-prostyh-pravil-poryadka-slov-v-anglijskom

English Sentence Structure — Word order in affirmative and negative sentences

A sentence (in both English and Russian) is a complete thought. It starts with a capital letter and ends with a full stop:

We are at home. — We’re home.
John’s good food. — John likes good food.

What does the offer consist of?

Both in Russian and in English, a sentence can consist of the following members: subject, predicate, object or complement, adverbial modifier and attribute.

At the our lessons teachers use various interesting materials. — In the classroom, our teachers use a variety of interesting materials.

our — definition, refers to the word «teachers»

teachers — subject
use — predicate (verb)
materials — addition
various interesting — two definitions related to the word «materials» at the lessons — circumstance

Which sentence members are required in English?

In Russian, there may be a sentence without a subject and / or without a predicate: “This is a pen.«; «Late.«,»I’m cold«.

In all sentences of the English language, both the subject and the predicate are required. Compare with the examples above: “It is a pen.«»It is late.«»I’m cold.«

The rest of the members of the proposal may be absent (they are called minor members of the proposal).

We arrived. — We arrived.
We — subject, arrived — predicate (verb).

We arrived in the morning.
in the morning — circumstance of time

We arrived at a small station. — We arrived at a small station.
at a small station — circumstance of place
small (small) — definition, clarifying word station (station)

Word order in an English sentence

In English, a fixed word order. That is, each member of the proposal is in its own specific place. In Russian, in almost all parts of speech there are endings, with the help of which the categories of time, gender, number, etc. are expressed. Therefore, the word order in the Russian sentence is free.

English belongs to a different language type and has practically no endings. But the need to express all those categories that the Russian language expresses remains. Therefore, the solution was found in a fixed word order.

This makes the English language more «logical», similar to simple mathematical formulas, which undoubtedly makes it easier to learn.

Compare: (2) I rarely watch (1) I (3) TV on weekdays.

(1) I seldom (2) watch (3) TV on week-days

Word order in an affirmative sentence

In an affirmative sentence, in the first place is subordinate,
In second place — predicate,
on the third — secondary members of the proposal.

(1) We (2) are (3) in the center of Moscow now.
We (are) in the center of Moscow now.

(1) Julia (2) is (3) a very nice girl.
Julia (is) a very nice girl.

Negative sentence word order

In a negative sentence, the word order is the same as in the affirmative, but only after the verb is the negative particle not.

(1) I (2) am Note   (3) hungry.
I am not hungry.

(1) The children (2) are Note   (3) attentive
Children are not (are) attentive.

Remarks:

1. Some minor members of the sentence may change their location depending on what the speaker wants to emphasize first.

   Most often, circumstances may change their place in the sentence.

   We usually go home together. — We usually we go home together.
   Usually we go home together. — Usually we go home together.

2. There are impersonal sentences in Russian. That is, sentences in which only the subject or only the predicate is present. In English, both main members of the sentence must be present in a sentence. To express impersonal sentences in English, the turnover It is is used (it is),
   where It — subject, and Is — predicate.

   It is cold. — Coldly. (It’s cold)
   It is late. — Late. (It’s late)

3. In colloquial speech, phrases that are not complete sentences can and are used:

   — Hello! How are you? — Hey! How are you doing?
   — (I am) Fine, thanks! — Thank you, OK!

Source: https://www.study.ru/courses/elementary/predlozhenie

Proposal — one of the basic units of the language. Simple sentence Is a syntactic unit with predicative, semantic and intonational completeness.

A sentence is a word or several words that contain a message, question or urge (order, request, advice).

The sentence is characterized by intonation and semantic completeness, that is, it is a separate statement. Intonational completeness is expressed by a long pause at the end of the sentence.

Simple sentence

Let’s consider in more detail what a simple sentence is.

A sentence is distinguished from a phrase, as a minimal syntactic unit, by the main feature: it has equal members of the sentence, namely: the subject and the predicate, between which there is a predicative connection.

To make it clear what such a connection is, we will translate the word «predicate» from the Latin language. It literally means predicate. In a simple sentence, an object performs an action. The subject is the subject, and the action that the subject performs expresses the predicate, for example:

The sun (what is it doing?) Is shining.

Recently the rain (what did it do?) Has passed.

A subject with a predicate or only one main term constitutes the grammatical basis of a simple sentence. We will also point out one important point:

The golden stars fell asleep (S. Yesenin).

The grammatical basis of a sentence can consist of two main members — subject and predicate, for example:

The birch leaves turned yellow.

It can consist of one member of the sentence — the subject:

Winter. There is white snow all around.

or just a predicate, for example:

It is getting dark. The sky in the west turned pink.

Simple sentence with homogeneous members

A simple sentence can have two or more subjects, predicates or minor members. Such members of a sentence of the same type are homogeneous.

Both major and minor members of a sentence can be homogeneous.

Plants need a wide space, a native land and freedom (V. Garshin).

For a long time, the North was considered impassable and life-threatening (I. Mallwitz).

I saw foliage (what?) Not only gold and purple, but also scarlet, purple, brown, black and almost white (K. Paustovsky).

Autumn came by surprise and took possession of the land: gardens and rivers, forests and air, fields and birds (K. Paustovsky).

I studied autumn stubbornly and for a long time (K. Paustovsky).

Examples of simple sentences

Restless our native river (V. Astafiev).

I used to go for a walk in the forest (V. Soloukhin).

A narrow ice beam of a searchlight sometimes glided over the stars (V. Kataev).

A rustic bouquet was on the table (Yu. Nagibin).

The blue southern sky darkened with dust (M. Gorky).

It was a large ice floe (V. Bianchi).

Waves are pounding at the feet (A. Novikov-Priboy).

By the age of two, Bim became an excellent hunting dog, trusting and honest (G. Troepolsky).

From one of the forest glades, I saw a high multicolored thunderstorm (K. Paustovsky).

In dry and clean air it smells like wormwood, squeezed rye, buckwheat (I.S.Turgenev).

The flashing of lightning and the rumble of thunder are no less exciting than the fireworks (Z. Aust).

lesson

Source: https://russkiiyazyk.ru/sintaksis/prostoe-predlozhenie.html

One-piece definite personal sentences: characteristics, features, examples — Study

In Russian, there are two groups of syntactic units, separated by the presence or absence of a subject or predicate in them: two-part and one-part sentences. How many main members are there in such constructions, and what are the types of one-part sentences (table with examples)? This article will tell.

A one-piece sentence is a complete speech utterance, where the grammatical base has only the subject, or only the predicate.

For example: «Will we buy groceries at the store?» Analyzing the sentence through parsing, you can see that the main member there is the predicate — «buy», expressed by the verb, and the secondary — the addition of «products» and the circumstance «in the store», expressed by nouns.

The subject in this offer is missing, but you can easily pick it up: “Will we buy products in the store?”. Only the pronoun «we» — 1 person singular can be substituted here.

In this case, the subject was not specially removed, but it is simply absent.

Important! Do not confuse one-part sentences with two-part incomplete sentences with a missing subject.

For example: “The trees grew tall and slender. They rustled in the wind with their green foliage. » Determine the type of one-part sentence. Or is it still two-part?

In this example, without context, it is impossible to understand the meaning of the second sentence, therefore it is two-part incomplete with a missing subject.

So. The easiest way is to put the types of one-part sentences into a table with hint examples:

Types Nominal Specific-personal Indefinite-personal Generalized-personal Impersonal Infinitive Examples Sun. Go for a walk? He was already told about this Do not go across the daddy into hell (proverb) Evening It is necessary to make a report by tomorrow

What is the difference between them from each other? It is worth considering in more detail.

Nominative or nominative sentences

The following syntactic constructions are called nominative or nominative sentences. It’s pretty simple. One main member of a one-part sentence is the subject expressed by the noun. It always stands in such complete speech utterances in the nominative case.

In such a syntactic unit there are no and cannot be secondary members, for example, additions or circumstances, since they relate to the predicate, it is from it that the question will be asked to such members of the sentence.

In nominative sentences, only a definition can appear, since it always refers to the subject.

For example: “Morning. Summer day. Winter».

In all these sentences there is only a subject, but a predicate is not provided there.

In addition to the noun, noun sentences can contain a phrase in which one noun is in the nominative, and the second in the genitive.

For example: “Time of warmth and sun. Songs of fun and joy ”.

One-Piece Definitely Personal Proposals

In these syntactic constructions, only the predicate is present in 1 and 2 l. units and many others. h. The predicate stands in the indicative or imperative mood, depending on the person and is expressed by a verb.

These constructions are always called one-part definitively personal sentences, since the grammatical base is equal to one main member of the sentence.

For example:

1. «I’m going up the stairs, looking out the windows.»
2. «Let’s play together?»
3. «Please put me this piece of cake!»
4. «Do me a favor.»

The following syntactic units also contain a predicate expressed by a verb in the 3rd person plural. The predicate can stand in the past or future tense, and also have an indicative or subjunctive (conditional) mood.

For example:

1. «I was told from the cancellation of lessons.»
2. «Give me a discount in this store!»
3. “Let them first tell you about all the nuances of the work!”.

In these constructions it is possible to select only the personal pronoun «they» and substitute it in the place of the subject.

Generalized personal suggestions

Such syntactic units of speech are a real fusion of definitely and indefinitely personal speech utterances, however, in generalized personal sentences, the predicate carries a generalized rather than specific meaning. That is why this type of one-piece structures is used most often in proverbs and sayings, where it is impossible to refer to a specific person.

For example:

1. «If you love the tops, love the roots.»
2. «You can’t catch a fish from a pond without difficulty.»
3. «Seven times measure cut once».

These sentences are a separate and very interesting kind — they do not and cannot have a subject, therefore only one predicate remains, which can be expressed in various categories:

• A verb without a face: «It is light.» «It was getting dark.» It was getting dark.
• A verb that used to be personal, and then turned into an impersonal form: «My nose itches.» «He can’t sleep at all.» «It got dark in the distance.»
• A category of state, or an impersonal predicative word: «It was quiet in the garden.» «It’s very sad at heart.» It’s stuffy and hot.
• The negative particle «no» or the negative word «no»: «You have no conscience!» «There is not a star in the sky.»

Infinitive sentences

The last category of one-part sentences also has in its grammatical basis only the predicate, expressed by the infinitive — the initial form of the verb. The infinitive is very easy to identify — it answers the questions «what to do / what to do?»

Such a part of speech has neither a number nor a face, since it is unchangeable.

examples:

1. «You don’t need to listen to anyone!»
2. «Why lie for a long time on the beach under the scorching sun?»
3. «Why not dance at the party?»

To easily memorize the types of one-part sentences (table with examples), it is best to learn which main term is missing in them. If this is a predicate, then this is a nominative sentence, etc.

Thus, one-part sentences are a special kind of syntactic constructions, the grammatical basis of which has only one main member. Subject or predicate. In addition, there are several types of one-part sentences. In each of them, either only the subject in the nominative case is used, or only the predicate in different persons and numbers.

Source: https://rozli.ru/istoriya/odnosostavnye-opredelenno-lichnye-predlozheniya-harakteristika-osobennosti-primery.html