What is symbol in excel formulas

This tutorial explains what different symbols mean in formulas in Excel and Google Sheets.

Excel is essentially used for keeping track of data and using calculations to manipulate this data. All calculations in Excel are done by means of formulas, and all formulas are made up of different symbols or operators, depending on what function the formula is performing.

Equal Sign (=)

The most commonly used symbol in Excel is the equal (=) sign. Every single formula or function used has to start with equals to let Excel know that a formula is being used. If you wish to reference a cell in a formula, it has to have an equal sign before the cell address. Otherwise, Excel just shows the cell address as standard text.

In the above example, if you type (1) =B2 in cell D2, it returns a value of (2) 10. However, typing only (3) B3 into cell D3 just shows “B3” in the cell, and there is no reference to the value 20.

Standard Operators

The next most common symbols in Excel are the standard operators as used on a calculator: plus (+), minus (–), multiply (*) and divide (/). Note that the multiplication sign is not the standard multiplication sign (x) but is depicted by an asterisk (*) while the division sign is not the standard division sign (÷) but is depicted by the forward slash (/).

An example of a formula using addition and multiplication is shown below:

=B1+B2*B3

Order of Operations and Adding Parentheses

In the formula shown above, B2*B3 is calculated first, as in standard mathematics. The order of operations is always multiplication before addition. However, you can adjust the order of operations by adding parentheses (round brackets) to the formula; any calculations between these parentheses would then be done first before the multiplication. Parentheses, therefore, are another example of symbols used in Excel.

=(B1+B2)*B3

In the example shown above, the first formula returns a value of 610 while the second formula (using parentheses) returns 900.

Parentheses are also used with all Excel functions. For example, to sum B3, B4, and B5 together, you can use the SUM Function where the range B3:B5 is contained within parentheses.

=SUM(B3:B5)

Colon (:) to Specify a Range of Cells

In the formula used above, the parentheses contain the cell range which the SUM Function needs to add together. This cell range is expressed with a colon (:) where the first cell reference (B3) is the cell address of the first cell included in the range of cells to add together, while the second cell reference (B5) is the cell address of the last cell included in the range.

Dollar Symbol ($) in an Absolute Reference

A particular useful and common symbol used in Excel is the dollar sign within a formula. Note that this does not indicate currency; rather, it’s used to “fix” a cell address in place in order that a single cell can be used repetitively in multiple formulas by copying formulas between cells.

=C6*$C$3

By adding a dollar sign ($) in front of the column header (C) and the row header (3), when copying the formula down to Rows 7–15 in the example below, the first part of the formula (e.g., C6) changes according to the row it is copied down to while the second part of the formula ($C$3) stays static always enabling the formula to refer to the value stored in cell C3.

See: Cell References and Absolute Cell Reference Shortcut for more information on absolute references.

Exclamation Point (!) to Indicate a Sheet Name

The exclamation point (!) is critical if you want to create a formula in a sheet and include a reference to a different sheet.

=SUM(Sheet1!B2:B4)

Square Brackets [ ] to Refer to External Workbooks

Excel uses square brackets to show references to linked workbooks. The name of the external workbook is enclosed in square brackets, while the sheet name in that workbook appears after the brackets with an exclamation point at the end.

Comma (,)

The comma has two uses in Excel.

Refer to Multiple Ranges

If you wish to use multiple ranges in a function (e.g., the SUM Function), you can use a comma to separate the ranges.

=SUM(B2:B3, B6:B10)

Separate Arguments in a Function

Alternatively, some built in Excel functions have multiple arguments which are usually separated with commas. (These can also be semicolons, depending on the function syntax.)

=VLOOKUP(H5, B6:E15, 4, FALSE)

Curly Brackets { } in Array Formulas

Curly brackets are used in array formulas. An array formula is created by pressing the CTRL + SHIFT + ENTER keys together when entering a formula.

Other Important Symbols

Symbol	Description	Example
%	Percentage	=B2%
^	Exponential operator	=B2^B3
&	Concatenation	=B2&B3
>	Greater than	=B2>B3
<	Less than	=B2<B3
>=	Greater than or equal to	=B2>=B3
<=	Less than or equal to	=B2<=B3
<>	Not equal to	=B2<>B3

Symbols in Formulas in Google Sheets

The symbols used in Google Sheets are identical to those used in Excel.

Symbols used in Excel Formula

Symbol	Name
()	Parentheses
*	Asterisk
,	Comma
&	Ampersand

Using arithmetic operators in Excel formulas

Operator	Meaning	Formula example
* (asterisk)	Multiplication	=A2*B2
/ (forward slash)	Division	=A2/B2
% (percent sign)	Percentage	=A2*10% (returns 10% of the value in A2)
^ (caret)	Exponential (power of)	=A2^3 (raises the number in A2 to the power of 3)

What does ‘@’ mean in Excel formula?

The @ symbol is already used in table references to indicate implicit intersection. Consider the following formula in a table =[@Column1]. Here the @ indicates that the formula should use implicit intersection to retrieve the value on the same row from [Column1].

What symbol do all formulas in Excel start with?

equal sign (=)
A formula always begins with an equal sign (=). Excel for the web interprets the characters that follow the equal sign as a formula. Following the equal sign are the elements to be calculated (the operands), such as constants or cell references. These are separated by calculation operators.

What does ‘!’ Mean in Excel formula?

When entered as the reference of a Named range , it refers to range on the sheet the named range is used on. For example, create a named range MyName refering to =SUM(!B1:!K1) Place a formula on Sheet1 =MyName . This will sum Sheet1! B1:K1.

Where are Symbols in Excel?

Insert tab
Click the Insert tab and then click the Symbol button in the Symbols group. The Symbol dialog box appears. The Symbol dialog box contains two tabs: Symbols and Special Characters.

How do you sum symbols in Excel?

To use a shortcut instead, hold down the Alt key, then type ALT+2+2+8 (Alt 228) to insert the sum (Σ) symbol.

What does the exclamation mark mean in Excel?

The exclamation mark means that the workbook is a macro-enabled workbook with extension . xlsm (a standard Excel 2007/2010 workbook cannot contain macros and has extension .

What does semicolon mean in Excel formula?

In Microsoft Excel, the semicolon is used as a list separator, especially in cases where the decimal separator is a comma, such as 0,32; 3,14; 4,50 , instead of 0.32, 3.14, 4.50 .

What symbol means?

1 : something that stands for something else : emblem The eagle is a symbol of the United States. 2 : a letter, character, or sign used instead of a word to represent a quantity, position, relationship, direction, or something to be done The sign + is the symbol for addition.

What do you mean by symbol and formula?

A chemical symbol is a one- or two-letter designation of an element.Compounds are combinations of two or more elements. A chemical formula is an expression that shows the elements in a compound and the relative proportions of those elements.

What is a symbol called?

This table contains special characters.

Symbol	Name of the symbol	Similar glyphs or concepts
≈	Almost equal to	Equals sign
&	Ampersand
⟨ ⟩	Angle brackets	Bracket, Parenthesis, Greater-than sign, Less-than sign
‘ ‘	Apostrophe	Quotation mark, Guillemet, Prime

Why are symbols used?

Human cultures use symbols to express specific ideologies and social structures and to represent aspects of their specific culture. Thus, symbols carry meanings that depend upon one’s cultural background; in other words, the meaning of a symbol is not inherent in the symbol itself but is culturally learned.

How do you use symbols?

Go to Insert > Symbol. Pick a symbol, or choose More Symbols. Scroll up or down to find the symbol you want to insert. Different font sets often have different symbols in them and the most commonly used symbols are in the Segoe UI Symbol font set.

What is Sigma in Excel?

Sigma is a Greek letter that appears just like the Latin letter M on its side! That, ∑ In mathematics and statistics sigma, ∑, means that sum of, to add along. The sigma operate in excel, therefore, is add (values)

How do you use PI in Excel?

Excel Character Code for Pi
To add the pi symbol to a cell this way, hold down the ALT Key and type 227 on the number pad. Then release the ALT key, and the symbol, or Greek letter, “π” will be inserted in the cell.

How columns are Labelled in Excel?

By default, Excel uses the A1 reference style, which refers to columns as letters (A through IV, for a total of 256 columns), and refers to rows as numbers (1 through 65,536). These letters and numbers are called row and column headings. To refer to a cell, type the column letter followed by the row number.

What does the symbol ∧ mean?

Wedge (∧) is a symbol that looks similar to an in-line caret (^). It is used to represent various operations.Some authors who call the descending wedge vel often call the ascending wedge ac (the corresponding Latin word for “and”, also spelled “atque”), keeping their usage parallel!

What are the algebra symbols?

Algebra Symbols With Names

Symbol	Symbol Name	Meaning/definition
:=	equal by definition	equal by definition
≜	equal by definition	equal by definition
≈	approximately equal	approximation
~	approximately equal	weak approximation

What is the symbol for mean in stats?

The symbol ‘μ‘ represents the population mean.The symbol ‘N’ represents the total number of individuals or cases in the population.

What does the icon exclamation mark mean?

This symbol indicates that hazardous products with this pictogram can cause certain health effects for example, skin irritation, eye irritation, and/or.

What Do the Symbols (&,$,<, etc.) Mean in Formulas? – Excel & Google Sheets

This tutorial explains what different symbols mean in formulas in Excel and Google Sheets.

Excel is essentially used for keeping track of data and using calculations to manipulate this data. All calculations in Excel are done by means of formulas, and all formulas are made up of different symbols or operators, depending on what function the formula is performing.

Equal Sign (=)

The most commonly used symbol in Excel is the equal (=) sign. Every single formula or function used has to start with equals to let Excel know that a formula is being used. If you wish to reference a cell in a formula, it has to have an equal sign before the cell address. Otherwise, Excel just shows the cell address as standard text.

In the above example, if you type (1) =B2 in cell D2, it returns a value of (2) 10. However, typing only (3) B3 into cell D3 just shows “B3” in the cell, and there is no reference to the value 20.

Standard Operators

The next most common symbols in Excel are the standard operators as used on a calculator: plus (+), minus (–), multiply (*) and divide (/). Note that the multiplication sign is not the standard multiplication sign (x) but is depicted by an asterisk (*) while the division sign is not the standard division sign (÷) but is depicted by the forward slash (/).

An example of a formula using addition and multiplication is shown below:

Order of Operations and Adding Parentheses

In the formula shown above, B2*B3 is calculated first, as in standard mathematics. The order of operations is always multiplication before addition. However, you can adjust the order of operations by adding parentheses (round brackets) to the formula; any calculations between these parentheses would then be done first before the multiplication. Parentheses, therefore, are another example of symbols used in Excel.

In the example shown above, the first formula returns a value of 610 while the second formula (using parentheses) returns 900.

Parentheses are also used with all Excel functions. For example, to sum B3, B4, and B5 together, you can use the SUM Function where the range B3:B5 is contained within parentheses.

Colon (:) to Specify a Range of Cells

In the formula used above, the parentheses contain the cell range which the SUM Function needs to add together. This cell range is expressed with a colon (:) where the first cell reference (B3) is the cell address of the first cell included in the range of cells to add together, while the second cell reference (B5) is the cell address of the last cell included in the range.

Dollar Symbol ($) in an Absolute Reference

A particular useful and common symbol used in Excel is the dollar sign within a formula. Note that this does not indicate currency; rather, it’s used to “fix” a cell address in place in order that a single cell can be used repetitively in multiple formulas by copying formulas between cells.

By adding a dollar sign ($) in front of the column header (C) and the row header (3), when copying the formula down to Rows 7–15 in the example below, the first part of the formula (e.g., C6) changes according to the row it is copied down to while the second part of the formula ($C$3) stays static always enabling the formula to refer to the value stored in cell C3.

See: Cell References and Absolute Cell Reference Shortcut for more information on absolute references.

Exclamation Point (!) to Indicate a Sheet Name

The exclamation point (!) is critical if you want to create a formula in a sheet and include a reference to a different sheet.

Square Brackets [ ] to Refer to External Workbooks

Excel uses square brackets to show references to linked workbooks. The name of the external workbook is enclosed in square brackets, while the sheet name in that workbook appears after the brackets with an exclamation point at the end.

Comma (,)

The comma has two uses in Excel.

Refer to Multiple Ranges

If you wish to use multiple ranges in a function (e.g., the SUM Function), you can use a comma to separate the ranges.

Separate Arguments in a Function

Alternatively, some built in Excel functions have multiple arguments which are usually separated with commas. (These can also be semicolons, depending on the function syntax.)

Curly Brackets in Array Formulas

Curly brackets are used in array formulas. An array formula is created by pressing the CTRL + SHIFT + ENTER keys together when entering a formula.

Other Important Symbols

Symbol	Description	Example
%	Percentage	=B2%
^	Exponential operator	=B2^B3
&	Concatenation	=B2&B3
>	Greater than	=B2>B3
=	Greater than or equal to	=B2>=B3
Not equal to	=B2<>B3

Symbols in Formulas in Google Sheets

The symbols used in Google Sheets are identical to those used in Excel.

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List of Symbols in Excel Formula (and Their Meanings)

In this tutorial, you will learn about the list of symbols in the excel formula that you can use.

There are many symbols you can use when you try to write a formula in excel. Each of them has its unique functions and you most probably need more than one symbol to complete your writing.

By knowing what are they and their functions, you should be better equipped to process data in excel using formulas. Therefore, master the excel formulas symbols by learning them from the list in this tutorial!

Disclaimer: This post may contain affiliate links from which we earn commission from qualifying purchases/actions at no additional cost for you. Learn more

Want to work faster and easier in Excel? Install and use Excel add-ins! Read this article to know the best Excel add-ins to use according to us!

List of Symbols in Excel Formula and Their Meanings

Here is a table that lists the symbols you can use in an excel formula. Each symbol is explained with its name, meaning, and formula writing example to help you understand them better.

Symbol	Name	Meaning	Formula Writing Example
=	Equal	Marks the beginning of a formula writing	=A1
Represents “equal to/the same as” in a logic condition	=A1=1
+	Plus	Adds the number on the left with the number on the right	=2+3
—	Minus	Subtracts the number on the left with the number on the right	=7-1
*	Asterisk	Multiplies the number on the left with the number on the right	=3*8
Represents a wildcard operator in criteria writing (any character in any amount)	=COUNTIF( A2:A101, ”Jim*” )
/	Slash	Divides the number on the left with the number on the right	=10/2
^	Caret	Powers the number on the left with the level of the number on the right	=3^2
%	Percentage	Makes the number on its left side a percentage	=100*10%
More than	Represents “more than” in a logic condition	=IF( A1>8,”More than 8”,”Maximum 8” )
$	Dollar	Make the row number or column letter on its right an absolute reference (won’t move when we copy the formula to other cells)	=$B$1+A6
&	Ampersand	Concatenate the data on the left with the data on the right	=A2&B2&C2
?	Question	Represents a wildcard operator in criteria writing (any one character)	=COUNTIF( A2:A101, ”Jack?” )
Tilde	Makes the * or ? symbol literal in criteria writing	=COUNTIF( A2:A101, ”Jack *” )
,	Comma	Separates one input and another (can be replaced by semicolon, depending on the excel settings)	=SUM( 1,3,8 )
;	Semicolon	Separates one input and another (can be replaced by comma, depending on the excel settings)	=SUM( 1;3;8 )
:	Colon	Represents “to” in a cell range writing (A1:B10 means A1 to B10 cell in the cell range)	=SUM( A2:C2 )
«»	Quotations	Becomes a media to type a text input directly in a formula	=IF( A2>70, «Pass», ”Fail” )
»	Apostrophes	Becomes a media to input a workbook and worksheet name reference if the name has spaces	=‘Sheet1’!A1+A2
!	Exclamation	Separates a sheet name reference with the cell/cell range coordinate reference	=SUM( ‘Sheet1’!A2:C2 )
( )	Brackets	Becomes a media to give your formula inputs	=SUM( C2:C26 )
Separates a certain calculation so it can run first	=2*(5+3)
	Curly brackets	Represents an array formula (a formula that produces an array result)
[ ]	Square brackets	Becomes a media to input a field name of a table	=SUM( SalesData [Quantity] )

If a symbol has two meanings, then its actual meaning in your formula depends on the formula writing that you do.

How to Use the Symbols

To use the symbols you want, just begin typing a formula in one of your cells

Don’t forget to place an equal symbol (=) at the beginning of your formula writing. If you forget, then the symbols you type will become literal symbols.

Additional Note

Need to learn how to write a criterion with its symbols in a formula like COUNTIF or SUMIF? Check out this excel criterion writing guide in our COUNTIF tutorial if you need to. You should write them correctly so you won’t get a wrong result from your formula.

Other tutorials you should learn:

Источник

Overview of formulas in Excel

Get started on how to create formulas and use built-in functions to perform calculations and solve problems.

Important: The calculated results of formulas and some Excel worksheet functions may differ slightly between a Windows PC using x86 or x86-64 architecture and a Windows RT PC using ARM architecture. Learn more about the differences.

Important: In this article we discuss XLOOKUP and VLOOKUP, which are similar. Try using the new XLOOKUP function, an improved version of VLOOKUP that works in any direction and returns exact matches by default, making it easier and more convenient to use than its predecessor.

Create a formula that refers to values in other cells

Type the equal sign =.

Note: Formulas in Excel always begin with the equal sign.

Select a cell or type its address in the selected cell.

Enter an operator. For example, – for subtraction.

Select the next cell, or type its address in the selected cell.

Press Enter. The result of the calculation appears in the cell with the formula.

See a formula

When a formula is entered into a cell, it also appears in the Formula bar.

To see a formula, select a cell, and it will appear in the formula bar.

Enter a formula that contains a built-in function

Select an empty cell.

Type an equal sign = and then type a function. For example, =SUM for getting the total sales.

Type an opening parenthesis (.

Select the range of cells, and then type a closing parenthesis).

Press Enter to get the result.

Download our Formulas tutorial workbook

We’ve put together a Get started with Formulas workbook that you can download. If you’re new to Excel, or even if you have some experience with it, you can walk through Excel’s most common formulas in this tour. With real-world examples and helpful visuals, you’ll be able to Sum, Count, Average, and Vlookup like a pro.

Formulas in-depth

You can browse through the individual sections below to learn more about specific formula elements.

A formula can also contain any or all of the following: functions, references, operators, and constants.

Parts of a formula

1. Functions: The PI() function returns the value of pi: 3.142.

2. References: A2 returns the value in cell A2.

3. Constants: Numbers or text values entered directly into a formula, such as 2.

4. Operators: The ^ (caret) operator raises a number to a power, and the * (asterisk) operator multiplies numbers.

A constant is a value that is not calculated; it always stays the same. For example, the date 10/9/2008, the number 210, and the text «Quarterly Earnings» are all constants. An expression or a value resulting from an expression is not a constant. If you use constants in a formula instead of references to cells (for example, =30+70+110), the result changes only if you modify the formula. In general, it’s best to place constants in individual cells where they can be easily changed if needed, then reference those cells in formulas.

A reference identifies a cell or a range of cells on a worksheet, and tells Excel where to look for the values or data you want to use in a formula. You can use references to use data contained in different parts of a worksheet in one formula or use the value from one cell in several formulas. You can also refer to cells on other sheets in the same workbook, and to other workbooks. References to cells in other workbooks are called links or external references.

The A1 reference style

By default, Excel uses the A1 reference style, which refers to columns with letters (A through XFD, for a total of 16,384 columns) and refers to rows with numbers (1 through 1,048,576). These letters and numbers are called row and column headings. To refer to a cell, enter the column letter followed by the row number. For example, B2 refers to the cell at the intersection of column B and row 2.

The cell in column A and row 10

The range of cells in column A and rows 10 through 20

The range of cells in row 15 and columns B through E

All cells in row 5

All cells in rows 5 through 10

All cells in column H

All cells in columns H through J

The range of cells in columns A through E and rows 10 through 20

Making a reference to a cell or a range of cells on another worksheet in the same workbook

In the following example, the AVERAGE function calculates the average value for the range B1:B10 on the worksheet named Marketing in the same workbook.

1. Refers to the worksheet named Marketing

2. Refers to the range of cells from B1 to B10

3. The exclamation point (!) Separates the worksheet reference from the cell range reference

Note: If the referenced worksheet has spaces or numbers in it, then you need to add apostrophes (‘) before and after the worksheet name, like =’123′!A1 or =’January Revenue’!A1.

The difference between absolute, relative and mixed references

Relative references A relative cell reference in a formula, such as A1, is based on the relative position of the cell that contains the formula and the cell the reference refers to. If the position of the cell that contains the formula changes, the reference is changed. If you copy or fill the formula across rows or down columns, the reference automatically adjusts. By default, new formulas use relative references. For example, if you copy or fill a relative reference in cell B2 to cell B3, it automatically adjusts from =A1 to =A2.

Copied formula with relative reference

Absolute references An absolute cell reference in a formula, such as $A$1, always refer to a cell in a specific location. If the position of the cell that contains the formula changes, the absolute reference remains the same. If you copy or fill the formula across rows or down columns, the absolute reference does not adjust. By default, new formulas use relative references, so you may need to switch them to absolute references. For example, if you copy or fill an absolute reference in cell B2 to cell B3, it stays the same in both cells: =$A$1.

Copied formula with absolute reference

Mixed references A mixed reference has either an absolute column and relative row, or absolute row and relative column. An absolute column reference takes the form $A1, $B1, and so on. An absolute row reference takes the form A$1, B$1, and so on. If the position of the cell that contains the formula changes, the relative reference is changed, and the absolute reference does not change. If you copy or fill the formula across rows or down columns, the relative reference automatically adjusts, and the absolute reference does not adjust. For example, if you copy or fill a mixed reference from cell A2 to B3, it adjusts from =A$1 to =B$1.

Copied formula with mixed reference

The 3-D reference style

Conveniently referencing multiple worksheets If you want to analyze data in the same cell or range of cells on multiple worksheets within a workbook, use a 3-D reference. A 3-D reference includes the cell or range reference, preceded by a range of worksheet names. Excel uses any worksheets stored between the starting and ending names of the reference. For example, =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet13!B5) adds all the values contained in cell B5 on all the worksheets between and including Sheet 2 and Sheet 13.

You can use 3-D references to refer to cells on other sheets, to define names, and to create formulas by using the following functions: SUM, AVERAGE, AVERAGEA, COUNT, COUNTA, MAX, MAXA, MIN, MINA, PRODUCT, STDEV.P, STDEV.S, STDEVA, STDEVPA, VAR.P, VAR.S, VARA, and VARPA.

3-D references cannot be used in array formulas.

3-D references cannot be used with the intersection operator (a single space) or in formulas that use implicit intersection.

What occurs when you move, copy, insert, or delete worksheets The following examples explain what happens when you move, copy, insert, or delete worksheets that are included in a 3-D reference. The examples use the formula =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet6!A2:A5) to add cells A2 through A5 on worksheets 2 through 6.

Insert or copy If you insert or copy sheets between Sheet2 and Sheet6 (the endpoints in this example), Excel includes all values in cells A2 through A5 from the added sheets in the calculations.

Delete If you delete sheets between Sheet2 and Sheet6, Excel removes their values from the calculation.

Move If you move sheets from between Sheet2 and Sheet6 to a location outside the referenced sheet range, Excel removes their values from the calculation.

Move an endpoint If you move Sheet2 or Sheet6 to another location in the same workbook, Excel adjusts the calculation to accommodate the new range of sheets between them.

Delete an endpoint If you delete Sheet2 or Sheet6, Excel adjusts the calculation to accommodate the range of sheets between them.

The R1C1 reference style

You can also use a reference style where both the rows and the columns on the worksheet are numbered. The R1C1 reference style is useful for computing row and column positions in macros. In the R1C1 style, Excel indicates the location of a cell with an «R» followed by a row number and a «C» followed by a column number.

A relative reference to the cell two rows up and in the same column

A relative reference to the cell two rows down and two columns to the right

An absolute reference to the cell in the second row and in the second column

A relative reference to the entire row above the active cell

An absolute reference to the current row

When you record a macro, Excel records some commands by using the R1C1 reference style. For example, if you record a command, such as clicking the AutoSum button to insert a formula that adds a range of cells, Excel records the formula by using R1C1 style, not A1 style, references.

You can turn the R1C1 reference style on or off by setting or clearing the R1C1 reference style check box under the Working with formulas section in the Formulas category of the Options dialog box. To display this dialog box, click the File tab.

Need more help?

You can always ask an expert in the Excel Tech Community or get support in the Answers community.

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Here are the important symbols used in Excel Formulas. Each of these special characters have used for different purpose in Excel. Let us see complete list of symbols used in Excel Formulas, its meaning and uses.

Symbols used in Excel Formula

Following symbols are used in Excel Formula. They will perform different actions in Excel Formulas and Functions.

Symbol	Name	Description
=	Equal to	Every Excel Formula begins with Equal to symbol (=). Example:=A1+A5
()	Parentheses	All Arguments of the Excel Functions specified between the Parentheses. Example:=COUNTIF(A1:A5,5)
()	Parentheses	Expressions specified in the Parentheses will be evaluated first. Parentheses changes the order of the evaluation in Excel Formula. Example: =25+(35*2)+5
*	Asterisk	Wild card operator to to denote all values in a List. Example: =COUNTIF(A1:A5,”*“)
,	Comma	List of the Arguments of a Function Separated by Comma in Excel Formula. Example: =COUNTIF(A1:A5,“>” &B1)
&	Ampersand	Concatenate Operator to connect two strings into one in Excel Formula. Example: =”Total: “&SUM(B2:B25)
$	Dollar	Makes Cell Reference as Absolute in Excel Formula. Example:=SUM($B$2:$B$25)
!	Exclamation	Sheet Names and Table Names Followed by ! Symbol in Excel Formula. Example: =SUM(Sheet2!B2:B25)
[]	Square Brackets	Uses to refer the Field Name of the Table (List Object) in Excel Formula. Example:=SUM(Table1[Column1])
{}	Curly Brackets	Denote the Array formula in Excel. Example: {=MAX(A1:A5-G1:G5)}
:	Colon	Creates references to all cells between two references. Example: =SUM(B2:B25)
,	Comma	Union Operator will combine the multiple references into One. Example: =SUM(A2:A25, B2:B25)
(space)	Space	Intersection Operator will create common reference of two references. Example: =SUM(A2:A10 A5:A25)

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6 Comments

1. Redjen
   May 31, 2022 at 12:37 pm — Reply

   what is the symbol of average in excel?

   • PNRao
     June 20, 2022 at 12:40 pm — Reply

     You can use AVERAGE()Function to calculate Average in Excel. If you wants to show the Average Statistical Symbol (x-bar), You can insert from symbols. F7C2 is the Unicode Hexa character for X-bar symbol. Make sure that you have set the Symbol Font :MS Reference Sans Serif.

2. Tom Pearce
   September 22, 2022 at 3:54 pm — Reply

   I have a workbook, where the original author used an @ sign in front of a function call in a formula. I can find no reference as to what the @ does, or how it is used. Any one know??

   VBA Example: ActiveSheet.Range(“L2”).Formula = “=@CATEGORY($E2,LFC_AreaLU)”
   Note: Category is a User Defined Function in the workbook.

   • PNRao
     December 5, 2022 at 11:30 am — Reply
3. Jane Girard
   February 9, 2023 at 8:53 pm — Reply

   I have this formula, do you know what the al means in the formula ?
   IF(E4=””,””,VLOOKUP(C4,al,5,0)*E4), can

   • PNRao
     February 27, 2023 at 3:10 am — Reply

     It could be a defined Name or a name of the Table (List Object)