What is quartile in excel

QUARTILE Excel Function

QUARTILE Function in Excel

It is one of the statistical functions of Excel. The functions are used to find the various quartiles of a data set. A quartile is just a quantile. There are three quartiles: the first quartile (Q1) is the middle number between the smallest and median data set values. The second quartile (Q2) is the median of the data. The third quartile (Q3) is the middle value between the median of the data set and the highest value. It can also return the data set’s minimum and maximum values along with quartiles. For example, the first quartile Q1 divides the lowest.

Table of contents

Formula

The syntax of the QUARTILE formula is as follows:

Parameters

As it is clear from the syntax shown above, it has two mandatory parameters, which are explained below:

Data: The first parameter is a data set, which we will require to determine the quartile.

Quartile: The second parameter defines the type of quartile to be returned by the QUARTILE in Excel. The QUARTILE parameter can have any value from 0 to 4. Then, depending on the value of the QUARTILE parameter, the QUARTILE function returns the respective quartile.

Examples

In this section, we will understand the uses of the QUARTILE function in Excel and look at a few examples with the help of actual data.

Value of Quartile	Return Vaue
0	Minimum Value
1	First quartile (also known as 25th Percentile)
2	Median Value (or 50th Percentile)
3	Third Quartile or 75th Percentile
4	Maximum Value
5 to any integer	#NUM! Error

How to Use the QUARTILE Function in Excel?

This function is very easy to use, and as explained in the previous section, QUARTILE fuses two mandatory parameters.

QUARTILE in Excel – Example #1

Let us consider the data set and apply the QUARTILE function based on quartile values 0,1,2,3 and 4.

QUARTILE in Excel – Example #2

Let us take a larger data set this time. We will try to find Q1, Q2, Q3, minimum, and maximum values.

Things to Remember

1. It can be used as a worksheet function.
2. It returns a numeric value.
3. It was first introduced in Excel 2000 and is now available in all subsequent versions of Excel.
4. If the value of the QUARTILE parameter is greater than 4 or less than 0, the function returns a #NUM! Error.
5. The QUARTILE formulaQUARTILE FormulaQuartile Formula is a statistical tool to calculate the variance from the given data by dividing the same into four defined intervals. First Quartile could be calculated as follows: (Q1) = ((n + 1)/4)th Term.read more through #NUM! Error if the given array is empty.
6. The QUARTILE function #VALUE! Error if the given value of quart is non-numeric.

QUARTILE Excel Function Video

Recommended Articles

This article is a guide to QUARTILE Function in Excel. Here, we will learn how to use QUARTILE in Excel along with Excel examples and downloadable Excel templates. You may also look at these useful functions in Excel: –

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QUARTILE Function Examples – Excel, VBA, & Google Sheets

Download the example workbook

This tutorial demonstrates how to use the Excel QUARTILE Function in Excel to calculate the quartile.

QUARTILE Function Overview

The QUARTILE Function Calculates the specified quartile value.

To use the QUARTILE Excel Worksheet Function, select a cell and type:

(Notice how the formula inputs appear)

QUARTILE function Syntax and inputs:

array – An array of numbers.

quart – A number representing the quartile you want returned.

What Is the QUARTILE Function?

QUARTILE is one of Excel’s statistical functions. It returns a quartile of range of data. You can specify whether you want the first, second, or third quartile. QUARTILE can also return the minimum and maximum values.

QUARTILE Is a “Compatibility” Function

As of Excel 2010, Microsoft replaced QUARTILE with two variations: QUARTILE.INC and QUARTILE. EXC.

QUARTILE still works, so if you have older spreadsheets using it, these will continue to work as normal. However, you should use QUARTILE.INC or QUARTILE.EXC wherever possible, just in case Microsoft drops QUARTILE from future versions of Excel.

What Is a Quartile?

Quartiles divide a range of data into four approximately even groups according to size. Excel calculates quartiles as percentiles:

• The first quartile is also known as the 25 th percentile – as 25% of the data is lower than this value.
• The second quartile is the median of the dataset, also known as the 50 th percentile as 50% of the data is lower than this.
• The third quartile is also called the 75 th percentile, as 75% of the data is lower than this value.

The quartiles, along with the smallest and largest numbers in the set, create the “five-number summary”. This can help you see at a glance where the middle of the data is, and how spread out it is.

How to Use the QUARTILE Function

Use QUARTILE like this:

A group of students at an exclusive school have completed an important test. Their scores are stored in C4:C13, and data range this is the first argument we pass to QUARTILE.

The next argument in the function, which we refer to as “quart”, defines the value we want to return. Here we’ve chosen 2, the second quartile/median. The median is the middle number in the range, and as we have 11 students, the median is the 6 th one – Jean’s score of 74, which I’ve highlighted in the table.

A few handy things to know about QUARTILE:

• If quart isn’t a number, you’ll get a #VALUE! error
• If quart is less than 0 or greater than 4, you’ll get a #NUM! error
• If quart isn’t an integer, QUARTILE will ignore everything after the decimal point
• Blank or non-numerical cell in the data range are ignored
• If the data range is empty, you’ll get a #NUM! error

Creating the Five-Number Summary

When you define quart you have five options:

• 0 is the lowest number (equivalent to the Excel MIN Function )
• 1 is the first quartile
• 2 is the second quartile (equivalent to the Excel MEDIAN Function )
• 3 is the third quartile
• 4 is the largest value (equivalent to the Excel MAX Function )

So if you want to create the five-number summary, you just create five QUARTILE functions, and change the quart value in each one. This is shown below:

QUARTILE.INC

As I mentioned earlier, Microsoft has replaced quartile with two functions – QUARTILE.INC and QUARTILE.EXC. QUARTILE.INC is exactly the same as QUARTILE. So if we switch these functions in our five-number summary table, we’ll get exactly the same results:

The “INC” part of the function is short for “inclusive”. This means that QUARTILE.INC includes the smallest and largest values in the data range when calculating the quartiles.

Excel calculates quartiles as percentiles: this can give slightly different results from the way quartiles are calculated in other analytical packages (typically by splitting the data into two halves, and calculating the median of each half).

Here’s how Excel calculates inclusive quartiles:

Here n is the number of data points in the set. So let’s fill in the equation using the first quartile as an example:

This means the value of Q1 is the 3.5 th value, in other words, halfway between the third and fourth value.

To get the actual value we use the following:

Filling in the equation with our values:

For a more in-depth discussion on how percentiles are calculated in Excel, see the main page on the Excel PERCENTILE Function .

QUARTILE.EXC

QUARTILE.EXC is very similar to QUARTILE.INC, except that it excludes the smallest and largest values in the dataset when calculating the quartiles.

You use it like this:

Here’s the same five-number summary calculated with QUARTILE.EXC:

Well, the first thing that jumps out are the #NUM! errors when we set quart to 0 or 4. This is because, as mentioned earlier, QUARTILE.EXC excludes the smallest and largest values when creating its ranges. So you cannot create the five-number summary with QUARTILE.EXC.

Here’s how Excel calculates exclusive quartiles:

Let’s fill this in, again using the first quartile as our example:

This means the value of Q1 is the 3rd value: Logan’s score of 65.

If we got a decimal in the result, that would indicate that the quartile falls between two values, and we’d get the value in the same way as with QUARTILE.INC:

Again, for a more in-depth discussion on how percentiles are calculated in Excel, see the main page on the Excel PERCENTILE Function .

QUARTILE Function in Google Sheets

The QUARTILE Function works exactly the same in Google Sheets as in Excel:

QUARTILE Examples in VBA

You can also use the QUARTILE function in VBA. Type:

For the function arguments (array, etc.), you can either enter them directly into the function, or define variables to use instead.

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Примеры функции КВАРТИЛЬ в Excel для расчета медианы квартиля

Функция КВАРТИЛЬ в Excel используется для расчета квартиля диапазона числовых данных и возвращает соответствующее числовое значение.

Функция КВАРТИЛЬ.ВКЛ вычисляет на основе указанной процентили в качестве второго аргумента функции. Полностью соответствует первой функции. Последняя используется в Excel 2007 и более ранних версиях и оставлена для совместимости.

Функция КВАРТИЛЬ.ИСКЛ используется для расчета квартили диапазона числовых значений на основе известной процентили, за исключением граничных значений (минимального и максимального значения в диапазоне).

Квартили используются для распределения диапазона чисел на четыре равные части:

1. Первый квартиль является числом из диапазона исследуемых значений, которое делит данный диапазон на две части так, что около 25% данного диапазона являются числами, которые меньше первого квартиля, а остальные (75%) – больше. Рассматриваемые функции могут возвращать результат интерполяции двух соседних значений из диапазона.
2. Второй квартиль эквивалентен медиане выборки (исследуемого числового диапазона), то есть числовому значению, которое делит диапазон на две части: 50% чисел меньше медианы, остальные 50% чисел больше медианы. Так, запись =КВАРТИЛЬ.ВКЛ(A1:A10;2) возвращает значение, эквивалентное результату вычисления функции =МЕДИАНА(A1:A10), при условии, что ячейки из диапазона A1:A10 содержат числовые значения.
3. Третий квартиль – числовое значение, делящее диапазон на две части, в первой из которой содержатся 75% чисел диапазона, которые меньше полученного значения, а во второй (25%) – больше.

Функция КВАРТИЛЬ.ВКЛ может быть использована не только для определения медианы выборки (второго квартиля), а и нахождения минимального и максимального значений соответственно. При работе с большими диапазонами чисел для подобных расчетов рекомендуется использовать функции МИН и МАКС соответственно.

Существует несколько алгоритмов расчета квартилей. Все рассмотренные функции используют следующую формулу:

• Q_p – p-й квантиль (является частным случаем квантиля);
• x – индекс квантиля;
• i – индекс элемента из выборки;
• A₁,A₂…A_i – элементы выборки, отсортированной по возрастанию значений.

Для расчета индекса квантиля (x) функция КВАРТИЛЬ.ВКЛ используют формулу:

x=(n-1)p, где n – количество элементов в диапазоне.

Функция КВАРТИЛЬ.ИСКЛ использует формулу x=(n+1)p.

В Excel принято так, что первые выше указанные 2 функции используют метод N-1-интерполяцию, а третья функция – N+1-интерполяцию.

Примеры использования функций КВАРТИЛЬ в Excel

Пример 1. В столбце таблицы содержится числовая последовательность. Определить число, которое делит последовательность на 2 части, 25% первой – числа меньше полученного значения, а 75% — больше. Использовать N+1-интерполяцию.

Вид таблицы данных:

Для определения 1-го квартиля используем функцию:

• A2:A15 – диапазон ячеек с исследуемыми числами;
• 1 – номер вычисляемого квартиля.

Проверим утверждение о том, что второй квартиль соответствует медиане выборке. Определим 2-й по формуле:

Полученные значения совпадают:

В результате расчетов мы получили первый, второй квартили и медиану для исходного диапазона чисел.

Статистический анализ роста доли дохода в Excel за период

Пример 2. В таблице приведены данные о доходах предпринимателя за год. Доказать, что примерно 75% значений меньше, чем третий квартиль доходов.

Вид исходной таблицы:

Определим 3-й по формуле:

Определим соотношение чисел, меньше полученного числа, к общему количеству значений по формуле:

=СЧЁТЕСЛИ(B2:B13;» Пример 3. Имеется диапазон случайных чисел, отсортированный в порядке возрастания. Определить соотношение суммы чисел, которые меньше 1-го квартиля, к сумме чисел, которые превышают значение 1-го квартиля.

Чтобы сгенерировать случайное число в Excel воспользуемся функцией:

После генерации отсортируем случайно сгенерированные числа по возрастанию. Вид исходной таблицы данных со случайными числами:

Формула для расчета имеет следующий вид (формула массива CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER):

Функции СУММ с вложенными функциями ЕСЛИ выполняют расчет суммы только тех чисел, которые меньше и больше соответственно значения, возвращаемого функцией для исследуемого диапазона. Из полученных значений вычисляется частное. Результат расчетов:

Общая сумма чисел исследуемого диапазона, которые меньше 1-го квартиля, составляет всего 8,57% от общей суммы чисел, которые больше 1-го квартиля.

Особенности использования функций расчета квартиля в Excel

Все рассматриваемые функции имеют одни и те же аргументы:

• массив – обязательный аргумент, принимающий константу массива или ссылку на диапазон ячеек с числовыми значениями, для которых будет рассчитан требуемый квартиль;
• часть – обязательный аргумент, принимающий числовые значения, указывающие номер возвращаемого квартиля. В зависимости от используемой функции, может принимать числа из диапазонов:

1. От 0 до 4 (КВАРТИЛЬ.ВКЛ), при этом числа 0 и 1 характеризуют минимальное и максимальное значения из исследуемого диапазона соответственно. Число 1 соответствует 1-й квартили, 2 – медиане, 3 – 3-й квартили.
2. От 1 до 3 (функция КВАРТИЛЬ.ИСКЛ), соответствующие 1-й, 2-й и 3-й квартилям.

1. Все рассматриваемые функции не учитывают имена и текстовые строки, которые не могут быть преобразованы к числам, логические значения и пустые ячейки. Ячейки, содержащие значение 0 (нуль), в расчет включаются.
2. Если в качестве первого аргумента функций передан пустой массив или ссылка на диапазон пустых значений, все функции вернут код ошибки #ЧИСЛО!.
3. Если в качестве второго аргумента функций было передано нецелое число из диапазона допустимых значений, дробная часть будет усечена.
4. Если второй аргумент задан числом, взятым из вне диапазона допустимых значений, в результате вычислений будет возвращен код ошибки #ЧИСЛО!.

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QUARTILE Function in Excel (Table of Contents)

• QUARTILE in Excel
• QUARTILE Formula in Excel
• How to Use QUARTILE Function in Excel?

QUARTILE in Excel

Quartile denotes 4 equal portions from the same group or population. In Excel, with the help of the Quartile function, we can find to what extent the portion from the group will start. For example, if in a group of 4 numbers starting from 1 to 4 if want to know at what point 2^nd quarter or portion will start. This would be a Quartile value from the selected population.

Uses of QUARTILE Function:

The QUARTILE Function returns the quartile for a given set of data. This function divides the data set into four equal groups. QUARTILE will return the minimum value, first quartile, second quartile, third quartile, and maximum value.

The QUARTILE Function is a built-in function in excel, and it falls under the Statistical functions category. This function is also known as a Worksheet function in excel. As a worksheet function, this function can be used as a part of the formula in a cell of a worksheet.

QUARTILE Formula in Excel:

Below is the QUARTILE Formula:

Where the supplied arguments are:

• Array – It is the array or cell range of numerical values for which we want the quartile value.
• Quart – The Quartile value to return.

The Quartile function in Excel accepts 5 values as Quart( Second argument), which is shown in the below table:

QUART Value	Return Value
0	Minimum Value
1	First Quartile – 25th percentile
2	Second Quartile – 50th percentile
3	Third Quartile – 75th percentile
4	Maximum Value

As a Worksheet function in excel, the QUARTILE function can be used as part of a formula like below:

Where is QUARTILE Function Found in Excel?

The QUARTILE Function is a built-in function in excel; hence it is found under the FORMULAS tab. Please follow the below steps:

• Click on the FORMULAS tab. Click on the More Functions option.

• It will open a drop-down list of functions categories.

• Click on the Statistical Functions category. It will open a drop-down list of functions.

• Select the QUARTILE Function from the drop-down list.

• In the above screenshot, as we can see, there are two functions listed with the name of QUARTILE:

1. QUARTILE.EXC
2. QUARTILE.INC

In the new version of excel, the QUARTILE function has been replaced with these two functions, giving more accuracy in the result.

However, in excel, the QUARTILE function is still available, but it might be replaced in future with these functions at any time.

How to Use QUARTILE Function in Excel?

QUARTILE Function is very simple to use. Let us now see how to use the TILE function in Excel with the help of some examples.

You can download this QUARTILE Function Excel Template here – QUARTILE Function Excel Template

Example #1

We have given some sales figures:

Here, we will calculate the minimum value, First Quartile, Second Quartile, Third Quartile, and Maximum value by using the QUARTILE Function. We will take the value of the second argument QUART from 0-4 of the QUARTILE function like the below screenshot for this calculation.

Now we will apply the QUARTILE function to the sales data.

We will calculate the QUARTILE function for all values one by one by selecting the values from a drop-down list.

The Result is:

Similarly, we will find other values. The final result is shown below:

Explanation:

• Pass the array or cell range of data values for which you need to calculate the QUARTILE function.
• Pass the value 0 as the second argument to calculate the minimum value of the given data set.
• Enter the value 1 for the first quartile.
• Enter the value 2 for the second quartile.
• Enter the value 3 for the third quartile.
• Enter the value 4 as the second argument, which will give the maximum value of the data set.

Example #2

Let’s take another data set in which data is arranged in ascending order for better understanding the use of the Excel QUARTILE function:

Now will calculate the below quartile values:

The formula is shown as below:

We will calculate the QUARTILE function for all values one by one by selecting the values from a drop-down list.

The Result is:

Similarly, we will find other values. The final result is shown below:

Explanation:

• If we see the result closely, 1 is the minimum value from the given data set.
• 100 is the maximum value from the data set.
• 1^st quartile value is 28.75, 2^nd quartile value is 60, and 3^rd quartile value is 79.25.
• The QUARTILE function divides the data set into 4 equal parts. This means we can say that 25% of the values fall between a minimum value and 1^st
• 25% values lie between 1^st and 2^nd
• 25% values lie between 2^nd and 3^rd
• 25% values lie between the 3^rd and maximum values.

Now we will learn the use of QUARTILE.EXC and QUARTILE.INC functions as in future the QUARTILE function can be replaced by these functions.

The SYNTAX of QUARTILE.EXC and QUARTILE.INC is the same. If we select QUARTILE.EXC function from the Statistical functions category drop-down list of function, it will open a dialog box for Function arguments.

The Passing arguments are the same as the QUARTILE function.

If we select QUARTILE.INC function, it will also open a dialog box for function arguments as shown below:

The QUARTILE.INC function returns the quartile of a data set, based on percentile values from 0..1, inclusive. Whereas the QUARTILE.EXC function returns the quartile of a data set, based on percentile values from 0..1, exclusive.

Now in the below examples, we will see the difference between the above two functions.

Example #3

Let’s assume the below test scores of a class.

We will apply the QUARTILE.EXC and QUARTILE.INC functions on the above scores and will observe the result of these functions closely.

First, we are calculating the QUARTILE.INC function. Pass the list of scores as the first argument of the function and choose the second argument from the list 0-4 for a min, 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd, and max values one by one as shown below:

We will calculate the QUARTILE function for all values one by one by selecting the values from a drop-down list.

The Result is:

Similarly, we will find other values. The final result is shown below:

The same steps will follow for calculating the QUARTILE.EXC function.

QUARTILE.EXC function 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd quartile values.

The Result is :

Explanation:

• Suppose you see the above results for values 0 and 4, the QUARTILE.EXC function returns the #NUM! an error value because it calculates only 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd quartile values. Whereas the QUARTILE.INC function works like same as the QUARTILE function.
• The 2^nd quartile value is the same for both functions.
• The 1^st quartile value of QUARTILE.EXC will be a little less than the QUARTILE.INC.
• The 3^rd quartile value of QUARTILE.EXC will be a little higher than the QUARTILE.INC.

Things to Remember

• QUARTILE Function divides the dataset into 4 equal parts.
• We can say that 25% values lie between Min and 1^st Quartile, 1^st and 2^nd Quartile, 2^nd and 3^rd Quartile and 3^rd & maximum value.
• Suppose the function returns #VALUE! error – means the second parameter QUART of the function is non-numeric.
• If the function returns #NUM! error, i.e.
• The given array is empty.
• The value of Quart is less than 0 or greater than 4.

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This has been a guide to the Excel QUARTILE function. Here we discuss the QUARTILE Formula and how to use QUARTILE Function in Excel along with practical examples and a downloadable excel template. You can also go through our other suggested articles –

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