What is new word order

This article is about the conspiracy theory. For the use of the term in international politics, see New world order (politics).

The New World Order (NWO) is a conspiracy theory that hypothesizes a secretly emerging totalitarian world government.^{[3][4][5][6][7]}

The common theme in conspiracy theories about a New World Order is that a secretive power elite with a globalist agenda is conspiring to eventually rule the world through an authoritarian one-world government—which will replace sovereign nation-states—and an all-encompassing propaganda whose ideology hails the establishment of the New World Order as the culmination of history’s progress. Many influential historical and contemporary figures have therefore been alleged to be part of a cabal that operates through many front organizations to orchestrate significant political and financial events, ranging from causing systemic crises to pushing through controversial policies, at both national and international levels, as steps in an ongoing plot to achieve world domination.^{[3][4][5][6][7]}

Before the early 1990s, New World Order conspiracism was limited to two American countercultures, primarily the militantly anti-government right, and secondarily the part of fundamentalist Christianity concerned with the end-time emergence of the Antichrist.^[8] Academics who study conspiracy theories and religious extremism, such as Michael Barkun and Chip Berlet, observed that right-wing populist conspiracy theories about a New World Order had not only been embraced by many seekers of stigmatized knowledge but had seeped into popular culture, thereby inaugurating a period during the late 20th and early 21st centuries in the United States where people are actively preparing for apocalyptic millenarian scenarios.^[4][6] Those political scientists are concerned that mass hysteria over New World Order conspiracy theories could eventually have devastating effects on American political life, ranging from escalating lone-wolf terrorism to the rise to power of authoritarian ultranationalist demagogues.^[4][6][9]

History of the term

General usage (pre-Cold War)

During the 20th century, political figures such as Woodrow Wilson and Winston Churchill used the term «new world order» to refer to a new period of history characterized by a dramatic change in world political thought and in the global balance of power after World War I and World War II.^[10] The interwar and post-World War II period were seen as opportunities to implement idealistic proposals for global governance by collective efforts to address worldwide problems that go beyond the capacity of individual nation-states to resolve, while nevertheless respecting the right of nations to self-determination. Such collective initiatives manifested in the formation of intergovernmental organizations such as the League of Nations in 1920, the United Nations (UN) in 1945, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949, along with international regimes such as the Bretton Woods system and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), implemented to maintain a cooperative balance of power and facilitate reconciliation between nations to prevent the prospect of another global conflict. These cosmopolitan efforts to instill liberal internationalism were regularly criticized and opposed by American paleoconservative business nationalists from the 1930s on.^{[11][need quotation to verify]}

Progressives welcomed international organizations and regimes such as the United Nations in the aftermath of the two World Wars, but argued that these initiatives suffered from a democratic deficit and were therefore inadequate not only to prevent another world war but to foster global justice, as the UN was chartered to be a free association of sovereign nation-states rather than a transition to democratic world government. Thus, cosmopolitan activists around the globe, perceiving the IGOs as too ineffectual for global change, formed a world federalist movement.^[12]

British writer and futurist H. G. Wells went further than progressives in the 1940s, by appropriating and redefining the term «new world order» as a synonym for the establishment of a technocratic world state and of a planned economy, garnering popularity in state socialist circles.^[13][14]

Usage as reference to a conspiracy (Cold War era)

During the Second Red Scare, both secular and Christian right American agitators, largely influenced by the work of Canadian conspiracy theorist William Guy Carr, increasingly embraced and spread dubious fears of Freemasons, Illuminati and Jews as the alleged driving forces behind an «international communist conspiracy.» The threat of «Godless communism», in the form of an atheistic, bureaucratic collectivist world government, demonized as the «Red Menace», became the focus of apocalyptic millenarian conspiracism. The Red Scare came to shape one of the core ideas of the political right in the United States, which is that liberals and progressives, with their welfare-state policies and international cooperation programs such as foreign aid, supposedly contribute to a gradual process of global collectivism that will inevitably lead to nations being replaced with a communistic/collectivist one-world government.^[15] James Warburg, appearing before the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations in 1950, famously stated: «We shall have world government, whether or not we like it. The question is only whether world government will be achieved by consent or by conquest.»^[16]

Right-wing populist advocacy groups with a paleoconservative world-view, such as the John Birch Society, disseminated a multitude of conspiracy theories in the 1960s claiming that the governments of both the United States and the Soviet Union were controlled by a cabal of corporate internationalists, «greedy» bankers and corrupt politicians who were intent on using the UN as the vehicle to create a «One World Government». This anti-globalist conspiracism fueled the campaign for U.S. withdrawal from the UN. American writer Mary M. Davison, in her 1966 booklet The Profound Revolution, traced the alleged New World Order conspiracy to the establishment of the U.S. Federal Reserve in 1913 by international bankers, whom she claimed later formed the Council on Foreign Relations in 1921 as a shadow government. At the time the booklet was published, many readers would have interpreted «international bankers» as a reference to a postulated «international Jewish banking conspiracy» masterminded by the Rothschild family.^{[15][additional citation(s) needed]}

Arguing that the term «New World Order» is used by a secretive global elite dedicated to the eradication of the sovereignty of the world’s nations, American writer Gary Allen—in his books None Dare Call It Conspiracy (1971), Rockefeller: Campaigning for the New World Order (1974), and Say «No!» to the New World Order (1987)—articulated the anti-globalist theme of contemporary right-wing conspiracism in the U.S. After the fall of communism in the early 1990s, the de facto subject of New World Order conspiracism shifted from crypto-communists, perceived to be plotting to establish an atheistic world communist government, to globalists, perceived to be plotting to implement a collectivist generally, unified world government ultimately controlled by an untouchable oligarchy of international bankers, corrupt politicians, and corporatists, or the United Nations itself. The shift in perception was inspired by growing opposition to corporate internationalism on the American right in the 1990s.^{[15][additional citation(s) needed]}

In his speech, Toward a New World Order, delivered on 11 September 1990 during a joint session of the US Congress, President George H. W. Bush described his objectives for post-Cold War global governance in cooperation with post-Soviet states. He stated:

Until now, the world we’ve known has been a world divided—a world of barbed wire and concrete block, conflict, and the cold war. Now, we can see a new world coming into view. A world in which there is the genuine prospect of new world order. In the words of Winston Churchill, a «world order» in which «the principles of justice and fair play … protect the weak against the strong …» A world where the United Nations, freed from cold war stalemate, is poised to fulfill the historic vision of its founders. A world in which freedom and respect for human rights find a home among all nations.^[17]

The New York Times observed that progressives were denouncing this new world order as a rationalization of American imperial ambitions in the Middle East at the time. At the same time conservatives rejected any new security arrangements altogether and fulminated about any possibility of a UN revival.^[18] Chip Berlet, an American investigative reporter specializing in the study of right-wing movements in the U.S., wrote that the Christian and secular far-right were especially terrified by Bush’s speech. Fundamentalist Christian groups interpreted Bush’s words as signaling the End Times. At the same time, more secular theorists approached it from an anti-communist and anti-collectivist standpoint and feared for hegemony over all countries by the United Nations.^[4]

Post–Cold War usage

American televangelist Pat Robertson, with his 1991 best-selling book The New World Order, became the most prominent Christian disseminator of conspiracy theories about recent American history. He describes a scenario where Wall Street, the Federal Reserve System, the Council on Foreign Relations, the Bilderberg Group and the Trilateral Commission control the flow of events from behind the scenes, constantly nudging people covertly in the direction of world government for the Antichrist.^[6]

It has been observed that, throughout the 1990s, the galvanizing language used by conspiracy theorists such as Linda Thompson, Mark Koernke and Robert K. Spear led to militancy and the rise of the American militia movement.^[19] The militia movement’s anti-government ideology was spread through speeches at rallies and meetings, books and videotapes sold at gun shows, shortwave and satellite radio, fax networks, and computer bulletin boards.^[15] It has been argued that it was overnight AM radio shows and propagandistic viral content on the internet that most effectively contributed to more extremist responses to the perceived threat of the New World Order. This led to the substantial growth of New World Order conspiracism, with it retroactively finding its way into the previously apolitical literature of numerous Kennedy assassinologists, ufologists, lost land theorists and—partially inspired by fears surrounding the «Satanic panic»—occultists. From the mid-1990s onward, the amorphous appeal of those subcultures transmitted New World Order conspiracism to a larger audience of seekers of stigmatized knowledge, with the common characteristic of disillusionment of political efficacy.^[6]

From the mid-1990s to the early 2000s, Hollywood conspiracy-thriller television shows and films also played a role in introducing a general audience to various fringe, esoteric theories related to New World Order conspiracism—which by that point had developed to include black helicopters, FEMA «concentration camps», etc.—theories which for decades previously were confined to largely right-wing subcultures. The 1993–2002 television series The X-Files, the 1997 film Conspiracy Theory and the 1998 film The X-Files: Fight the Future are often cited as notable examples.^[6]

Following the start of the 21st century, and specifically during the late-2000s financial crisis, many politicians and pundits, such as Gordon Brown^[20] and Henry Kissinger,^[21] used the term «new world order» in their advocacy for a comprehensive reform of the global financial system and their calls for a «New Bretton Woods» taking into account emerging markets such as China and India. These public declarations reinvigorated New World Order conspiracism, culminating in talk-show host Sean Hannity stating on his Fox News program Hannity that the «conspiracy theorists were right».^[22] Progressive media-watchdog groups have repeatedly criticized Fox News in general, and its now-defunct opinion show Glenn Beck in particular, for not only disseminating New World Order conspiracy theories to mainstream audiences, but possibly agitating so-called «lone wolf» extremism, particularly from the radical right.^[23][24]

In 2009, American film directors Luke Meyer and Andrew Neel released New World Order, a critically acclaimed documentary film which explores the world of conspiracy theorists—such as American radio host Alex Jones—who vigorously oppose what they perceive as an emerging New World Order.^[25] The growing dissemination and popularity of conspiracy theories has also created an alliance between right-wing agitators and hip hop music’s left-wing rappers (such as KRS-One, Professor Griff of Public Enemy and Immortal Technique), illustrating how anti-elitist conspiracism can create unlikely political allies in efforts to oppose a political system.^[26]

Conspiracy theories

There are numerous systemic conspiracy theories through which the concept of a New World Order is viewed. The following is a list of the major ones in roughly chronological order:^[27]

End time

Since the 19th century, many apocalyptic millennial Christian eschatologists, starting with John Nelson Darby, have predicted a globalist conspiracy to impose a tyrannical New World Order governing structure as the fulfillment of prophecies about the «end time» in the Bible, specifically in the Book of Ezekiel, the Book of Daniel, the Olivet discourse found in the Synoptic Gospels, 2 Esdras 11:32 and Revelation 13:7.^[28] They claim that people who have made a deal with the Devil to gain wealth and power have become pawns in a supernatural chess game to move humanity into accepting a utopian world government that rests on the spiritual foundations of a syncretic-messianic world religion, which will later reveal itself to be a dystopian world empire that imposes the imperial cult of an “Unholy Trinity” of Satan, the Antichrist and the False Prophet.^{[citation needed]} In many contemporary Christian conspiracy theories, the False Prophet will be either the last pope of the Catholic Church (groomed and installed by an Alta Vendita or Jesuit conspiracy), a guru from the New Age movement, or even the leader of an elite fundamentalist Christian organization like the Fellowship, while the Antichrist will be either the President of the European Union, the Caliph of a pan-Islamic state, or even the Secretary-General of the United Nations.^[6][28]

Some of the most vocal critics of end-time conspiracy theories come from within Christianity.^[15] In 1993, historian Bruce Barron wrote a stern rebuke of apocalyptic Christian conspiracism in the Christian Research Journal, when reviewing Robertson’s 1991 book The New World Order.^[29] Another critique can be found in historian Gregory S. Camp’s 1997 book Selling Fear: Conspiracy Theories and End-Times Paranoia.^[3] Religious studies scholar Richard T. Hughes argues that «New World Order» rhetoric libels the Christian faith, since the «New World Order» as defined by Christian conspiracy theorists has no basis in the Bible whatsoever. Furthermore, he argues that not only is this idea unbiblical, it is positively anti-biblical and fundamentally anti-Christian, because by misinterpreting key passages in the Book of Revelation, it turns a comforting message about the coming kingdom of God into one of fear, panic and despair in the face of an allegedly approaching one-world government.^[28] Progressive Christians, such as preacher-theologian Peter J. Gomes, caution Christian fundamentalists that a «spirit of fear» can distort scripture and history through dangerously combining biblical literalism, apocalyptic timetables, demonization and oppressive prejudices,^[30][31] while Camp warns of the «very real danger that Christians could pick up some extra spiritual baggage» by credulously embracing conspiracy theories.^[3] They therefore call on Christians who indulge in conspiracism to repent.^[32][33]

Freemasonry

Freemasonry is one of the world’s oldest secular fraternal organizations and arose in Great Britain during the 18th century. Over the years, several allegations and conspiracy theories have been directed towards Freemasonry, including the allegation that Freemasons have a hidden political agenda and are conspiring to bring about a New World Order, a world government organized according to Masonic principles or governed only by Freemasons.^[15]

The esoteric nature of Masonic symbolism and rites led to Freemasons first being accused of secretly practicing Satanism in the late 18th century.^[15] The original allegation of a conspiracy within Freemasonry to subvert religions and governments to take over the world traces back to Scottish author John Robison, whose reactionary conspiracy theories crossed the Atlantic and influenced outbreaks of Protestant anti-Masonry in the United States during the 19th century.^[15] In the 1890s, French writer Léo Taxil wrote a series of pamphlets and books denouncing Freemasonry and charging their lodges with worshiping Lucifer as the Supreme Being and Great Architect of the Universe. Despite the fact that Taxil admitted that his claims were all a hoax, they were and still are believed and repeated by numerous conspiracy theorists and had a huge influence on subsequent anti-Masonic claims about Freemasonry.^[34]

Some conspiracy theorists eventually speculated that some Founding Fathers of the United States, such as George Washington and Benjamin Franklin, were having Masonic sacred geometric designs interwoven into American society, particularly in the Great Seal of the United States, the United States one-dollar bill, the architecture of National Mall landmarks and the streets and highways of Washington, D.C., as part of a master plan to create the first «Masonic government» as a model for the coming New World Order.^[6]

Freemasons rebut these claims of a Masonic conspiracy. Freemasonry, which promotes rationalism, places no power in occult symbols themselves, and it is not a part of its principles to view the drawing of symbols, no matter how large, as an act of consolidating or controlling power.^[35] Furthermore, there is no published information establishing the Masonic membership of the men responsible for the design of the Great Seal.^[35][36] While conspiracy theorists assert that there are elements of Masonic influence on the Great Seal of the United States and that these elements were intentionally or unintentionally used because the creators were familiar with the symbols,^[37] in fact, the all-seeing Eye of Providence and the unfinished pyramid were symbols used as much outside Masonic lodges as within them in the late 18th century. Therefore, the designers were drawing from common esoteric symbols.^[38] The Latin phrase «novus ordo seclorum«, appearing on the reverse side of the Great Seal since 1782 and the back of the one-dollar bill since 1935, translates to «New Order of the Ages»,^[1] and alludes to the beginning of an era where the United States of America is an independent nation-state; conspiracy theorists often mistranslate it as «New World Order».^[2]

Although the European continental branch of Freemasonry has organizations that allow political discussion within their Masonic Lodges, Masonic researcher Trevor W. McKeown argues that the accusations ignore several facts. Firstly, the many Grand Lodges are independent and sovereign, meaning they act independently and do not have a common agenda. The points of belief of the various lodges often differ. Secondly, famous Freemasons have always held views that span the political spectrum and show no particular pattern or preference. As such, the term «Masonic government» is erroneous; there is no consensus among Freemasons about what an ideal government would look like.^[39]

Illuminati

The Order of the Illuminati was an Enlightenment-age secret society founded by university professor Adam Weishaupt on 1 May 1776, in Upper Bavaria, Germany. The movement consisted of advocates of freethought, secularism, liberalism, republicanism, and gender equality, recruited from the German Masonic Lodges, who sought to teach rationalism through mystery schools. In 1785, the order was infiltrated, broken up, and suppressed by the government agents of Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria, in his preemptive campaign to neutralize the threat of secret societies ever becoming hotbeds of conspiracies to overthrow the Bavarian monarchy and its state religion, Roman Catholicism.^[40] There is no evidence that the Bavarian Illuminati survived its suppression in 1785.^[41]

In the late 18th century, reactionary conspiracy theorists, such as Scottish physicist John Robison and French Jesuit priest Augustin Barruel, began speculating that the Illuminati had survived their suppression and become the masterminds behind the French Revolution and the Reign of Terror. The Illuminati were accused of being subversives who were attempting to orchestrate a revolutionary wave secretly in Europe and the rest of the world to spread the most radical ideas and movements of the Enlightenment—anti-clericalism, anti-monarchism, and anti-patriarchalism—and to create a world noocracy and cult of reason. During the 19th century, fear of an Illuminati conspiracy was a real concern of the European ruling classes, and their oppressive reactions to this unfounded fear provoked in 1848 the very revolutions they sought to prevent.^{[41][additional citation(s) needed]}

During the interwar period of the 20th century, fascist propagandists, such as British revisionist historian Nesta Helen Webster and American socialite Edith Starr Miller, not only popularized the myth of an Illuminati conspiracy but claimed that it was a subversive secret society which served the Jewish elites that supposedly propped up both finance capitalism and Soviet communism in order to divide and rule the world. American evangelist Gerald Burton Winrod and other conspiracy theorists within the fundamentalist Christian movement in the United States—which emerged in the 1910s as a backlash against the principles of Enlightenment secular humanism, modernism, and liberalism—became the main channel of dissemination of Illuminati conspiracy theories in the U.S.. Right-wing populists, such as members of the John Birch Society, subsequently began speculating that some collegiate fraternities (Skull and Bones), gentlemen’s clubs (Bohemian Club), and think tanks (Council on Foreign Relations, Trilateral Commission) of the American upper class are front organizations of the Illuminati, which they accuse of plotting to create a New World Order through a one-world government.^{[6][additional citation(s) needed]}

The Protocols of the Elders of Zion

The Protocols of the Elders of Zion is an antisemitic canard, originally published in Russian in 1903, alleging a Judeo-Masonic conspiracy to achieve world domination. The text purports to be the minutes of the secret meetings of a cabal of Jewish masterminds, which has co-opted Freemasonry and is plotting to rule the world on behalf of all Jews because they believe themselves to be the chosen people of God.^[42] The Protocols incorporate many of the core conspiracist themes outlined in the Robison and Barruel attacks on the Freemasons and overlay them with antisemitic allegations about anti-Tsarist movements in Russia. The Protocols reflect themes similar to more general critiques of Enlightenment liberalism by conservative aristocrats who support monarchies and state religions. The interpretation intended by the publication of The Protocols is that if one peels away the layers of the Masonic conspiracy, past the Illuminati, one finds the rotten Jewish core.^[15]

Numerous polemicists, such as Irish journalist Philip Graves in a 1921 article in The Times, and British academic Norman Cohn in his 1967 book Warrant for Genocide, have proven The Protocols to be both a hoax and a clear case of plagiarism. There is general agreement that Russian-French writer and political activist Matvei Golovinski fabricated the text for Okhrana, the secret police of the Russian Empire, as a work of counter-revolutionary propaganda prior to the 1905 Russian Revolution, by plagiarizing, almost word for word in some passages, from The Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu, a 19th-century satire against Napoleon III of France written by French political satirist and Legitimist militant Maurice Joly.^[43]

Responsible for feeding many antisemitic and anti-Masonic mass hysterias of the 20th century, The Protocols has been influential in the development of some conspiracy theories, including some New World Order theories, and repeatedly appears in certain contemporary conspiracy literature.^[6] For example, the authors of the 1982 controversial book The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail concluded that The Protocols was the most persuasive piece of evidence for the existence and activities of the Priory of Sion. They speculated that this secret society was working behind the scenes to establish a theocratic «United States of Europe». Politically and religiously unified through the imperial cult of a Merovingian Great Monarch—supposedly descended from a Jesus bloodline—who occupies both the throne of Europe and the Holy See, this «Holy European Empire» would become the hyperpower of the 21st century.^[44] Although the Priory of Sion itself has been exhaustively debunked by journalists and scholars as a hoax,^[45] some apocalyptic millenarian Christian eschatologists who believe The Protocols is authentic became convinced that the Priory of Sion was a fulfillment of prophecies found in the Book of Revelation and further proof of an anti-Christian conspiracy of epic proportions signaling the imminence of a New World Order.^[46]

Skeptics argue that the current gambit of contemporary conspiracy theorists who use The Protocols is to claim that they «really» come from some group other than the Jews, such as fallen angels or alien invaders. Although it is hard to determine whether the conspiracy-minded actually believe this or are simply trying to sanitize a discredited text, skeptics argue that it does not make much difference, since they leave the actual, antisemitic text unchanged. The result is to give The Protocols credibility and circulation.^[8]

Round Table

During the second half of Britain’s «imperial century» between 1815 and 1914, English-born South African businessman, mining magnate, and politician Cecil Rhodes advocated the British Empire reannexing the United States of America and reforming itself into an «Imperial Federation» to bring about a hyperpower and lasting world peace. In his first will, written in 1877 at the age of 23, he expressed his wish to fund a secret society (known as the Society of the Elect) that would advance this goal:

To and for the establishment, promotion and development of a Secret Society, the true aim and object whereof shall be for the extension of British rule throughout the world, the perfecting of a system of emigration from the United Kingdom, and of colonisation by British subjects of all lands where the means of livelihood are attainable by energy, labour and enterprise, and especially the occupation by British settlers of the entire Continent of Africa, the Holy Land, the Valley of the Euphrates, the Islands of Cyprus and Candia, the whole of South America, the Islands of the Pacific not heretofore possessed by Great Britain, the whole of the Malay Archipelago, the seaboard of China and Japan, the ultimate recovery of the United States of America as an integral part of the British Empire, the inauguration of a system of Colonial representation in the Imperial Parliament which may tend to weld together the disjointed members of the Empire and, finally, the foundation of so great a Power as to render wars impossible, and promote the best interests of humanity.^[47]

In 1890, thirteen years after «his now-famous will,» Rhodes elaborated on the same idea: establishment of «England everywhere,» which would «ultimately lead to the cessation of all wars, and one language throughout the world.» «The only thing feasible to carry out this idea is a secret society gradually absorbing the wealth of the world [«and human minds of the higher-order»] to be devoted to such an object.»^[48]

Rhodes also concentrated on the Rhodes Scholarship, which had British statesman Alfred Milner as one of its trustees. Established in 1902, the original goal of the trust fund was to foster peace among the great powers by creating a sense of fraternity and a shared world view among future British, American, and German leaders by having enabled them to study for free at the University of Oxford.^[47]

Milner and British official Lionel George Curtis were the architects of the Round Table movement, a network of organizations promoting closer union between Britain and its self-governing colonies. To this end, Curtis founded the Royal Institute of International Affairs in June 1919 and, with his 1938 book The Commonwealth of God, began advocating for the creation of an imperial federation that eventually reannexes the U.S., which would be presented to Protestant churches as being the work of the Christian God to elicit their support.^[49] The Commonwealth of Nations was created in 1949, but it would only be a free association of independent states rather than the powerful imperial federation imagined by Rhodes, Milner, and Curtis.

The Council on Foreign Relations began in 1917 with a group of New York academics who were asked by President Woodrow Wilson to offer options for the foreign policy of the United States in the interwar period. Originally envisioned as a group of American and British scholars and diplomats, some of whom belonging to the Round Table movement, it was a subsequent group of 108 New York financiers, manufacturers, and international lawyers organized in June 1918 by Nobel Peace Prize recipient and U.S. secretary of state Elihu Root, that became the Council on Foreign Relations on 29 July 1921. The first of the council’s projects was a quarterly journal launched in September 1922, called Foreign Affairs.^[50] The Trilateral Commission was founded in July 1973, at the initiative of American banker David Rockefeller, who was chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations at that time. It is a private organization established to foster closer cooperation among the United States, Europe, and Japan. The Trilateral Commission is widely seen as a counterpart to the Council on Foreign Relations.

In the 1960s, right-wing populist individuals and groups with a paleoconservative worldview, such as members of the John Birch Society, were the first to combine and spread a business nationalist critique of corporate internationalists networked through think tanks such as the Council on Foreign Relations with a grand conspiracy theory casting them as front organizations for the Round Table of the «Anglo-American Establishment», which are financed by an «international banking cabal» that has supposedly been plotting from the late 19th century on to impose an oligarchic new world order through a global financial system. Anti-globalist conspiracy theorists therefore fear that international bankers are planning to eventually subvert the independence of the U.S. by subordinating national sovereignty to a strengthened Bank for International Settlements.^[51]

The research findings of historian Carroll Quigley, author of the 1966 book Tragedy and Hope, are taken by both conspiracy theorists of the American Old Right (W. Cleon Skousen) and New Left (Carl Oglesby) to substantiate this view, even though Quigley argued that the Establishment is not involved in a plot to implement a one-world government but rather British and American benevolent imperialism driven by the mutual interests of economic elites in the United Kingdom and the United States. Quigley also argued that, although the Round Table still exists today, its position in influencing the policies of world leaders has been much reduced from its heyday during World War I and slowly waned after the end of World War II and the Suez Crisis. Today the Round Table is largely a ginger group, designed to consider and gradually influence the policies of the Commonwealth of Nations, but faces strong opposition. Furthermore, in American society after 1965, the problem, according to Quigley, was that no elite was in charge and acting responsibly.^[51]

Larry McDonald, the second president of the John Birch Society and a conservative Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives who represented the 7th congressional district of Georgia, wrote a foreword for Allen’s 1976 book The Rockefeller File, wherein he claimed that the Rockefellers and their allies were driven by a desire to create a one-world government that combined «super-capitalism» with communism and would be fully under their control. He saw a conspiracy plot that was «international in scope, generations old in planning, and incredibly evil in intent.»^[52]

In his 2002 autobiography Memoirs, David Rockefeller wrote:

For more than a century, ideological extremists at either end of the political spectrum have seized upon well-publicized incidents … to attack the Rockefeller family for the inordinate influence they claim we wield over American political and economic institutions. Some even believe we are part of a secret cabal working against the best interests of the United States, characterizing my family and me as ‘internationalists’ and conspiring with others around the world to build a more integrated global political and economic structure—one world if you will. If that’s the charge, I stand guilty, and I am proud of it.^[53]

Barkun argues that this statement is partly facetious (the claim of «conspiracy» and «treason») and partly serious—the desire to encourage trilateral cooperation among the U.S., Europe, and Japan;^{[citation needed]} for example — an ideal that used to be a hallmark of the internationalist wing of the Republican Party (known as «Rockefeller Republicans» in honor of Nelson Rockefeller) when there was an internationalist wing.^{[citation needed]} The statement, however, is taken at face value^{[by whom?]} and widely cited by conspiracy theorists as proof that the Council on Foreign Relations uses its role as the brain trust of American presidents, senators and representatives to manipulate them into supporting a New World Order in the form of a one-world government.^{[citation needed]}

In a 13 November 2007 interview with Canadian journalist Benjamin Fulford, Rockefeller countered that he felt no need for a world government and wished for the world’s governments to work together and collaborate. He also stated that it seemed neither likely nor desirable to have only one elected government rule worldwide. He criticized accusations of him being «ruler of the world» as nonsensical.^[54]

Some American social critics, such as Laurence H. Shoup, argue that the Council on Foreign Relations is an «imperial brain trust» which has, for decades, played a central behind-the-scenes role in shaping U.S. foreign policy choices for the post-World War II international order and the Cold War by determining what options show up on the agenda and what options do not even make it to the table;^[55] others, such as G. William Domhoff, argue that it is in fact a mere policy discussion forum^[56] which provides the business input to U.S. foreign policy planning.^{[citation needed]} Domhoff argues that «[i]t has nearly 3,000 members, far too many for secret plans to be kept within the group. All the council does is sponsor discussion groups, debates, and speakers. As far as being secretive, it issues annual reports and allows access to its historical archives.» However, all these critics agree^{[citation needed]} that «[h]istorical studies of the CFR show that it has a very different role in the overall power structure than what is claimed by conspiracy theorists.»^[56]

The Open Conspiracy

In his 1928 book The Open Conspiracy British writer and futurist H. G. Wells promoted cosmopolitanism and offered blueprints for a world revolution and world brain to establish a technocratic world state and planned economy.^[57] Wells warned, however, in his 1940 book The New World Order that:

… when the struggle seems to be drifting definitely towards a world social democracy, there may still be very great delays and disappointments before it becomes an efficient and beneficent world system. Countless people … will hate the new world order, be rendered unhappy by the frustration of their passions and ambitions through its advent and will die protesting against it. When we attempt to evaluate its promise, we have to bear in mind the distress of a generation or so of malcontents, many of them quite gallant and graceful-looking people.^[13]

Wells’s books were influential in giving a second meaning to the term «new world order», which would only be used by state socialist supporters and anti-communist opponents for generations to come. However, despite the popularity and notoriety of his ideas, Wells failed to exert a deeper and more lasting influence because he was unable to concentrate his energies on a direct appeal to intelligentsias who would, ultimately, have to coordinate the Wellsian new world order.^[58]

New Age

British neo-Theosophical occultist Alice Bailey, one of the founders of the so-called New Age movement, prophesied in 1940 the eventual victory of the Allies of World War II over the Axis powers (which occurred in 1945) and the establishment by the Allies of a political and religious New World Order. She saw a federal world government as the culmination of Wells’ Open Conspiracy but favorably argued that it would be synarchist because it was guided by the Masters of the Ancient Wisdom, intent on preparing humanity for the mystical second coming of Christ, and the dawning of the Age of Aquarius. According to Bailey, a group of ascended masters called the Great White Brotherhood works on the «inner planes» to oversee the transition to the New World Order but, for now, the members of this Spiritual Hierarchy are only known to a few occult scientists, with whom they communicate telepathically, but as the need for their personal involvement in the plan increases, there will be an «Externalization of the Hierarchy» and everyone will know of their presence on Earth.^[59]

Bailey’s writings, along with American writer Marilyn Ferguson’s 1980 book The Aquarian Conspiracy, contributed to conspiracy theorists of the Christian right viewing the New Age movement as the «false religion» that would supersede Christianity in a New World Order.^[60] Skeptics argue that the term «New Age movement» is a misnomer, generally used by conspiracy theorists as a catch-all rubric for any new religious movement that is not fundamentalist Christian. By this logic, anything that is not Christian is by definition actively and willfully anti-Christian.^[61]

Paradoxically, since the first decade of the 21st century, New World Order conspiracism is increasingly being embraced and propagandized by New Age occultists, who are people bored by rationalism and drawn to stigmatized knowledge—such as alternative medicine, astrology, quantum mysticism, spiritualism, and theosophy.^[6] Thus, New Age conspiracy theorists, such as the makers of documentary films like Esoteric Agenda, claim that globalists who plot on behalf of the New World Order are simply misusing occultism for Machiavellian ends, such as adopting 21 December 2012 as the exact date for the establishment of the New World Order to take advantage of the growing 2012 phenomenon, which has its origins in the fringe Mayanist theories of New Age writers José Argüelles, Terence McKenna, and Daniel Pinchbeck.^{[citation needed]}

Skeptics argue that the connection of conspiracy theorists and occultists follows from their common fallacious premises. First, any widely accepted belief must necessarily be false. Second, stigmatized knowledge—what the Establishment spurns—must be true. The result is a large, self-referential network in which, for example, some UFO religionists promote anti-Jewish phobias while some antisemites practice Peruvian shamanism.^[6]

Fourth Reich

Conspiracy theorists often use the term «Fourth Reich» simply as a pejorative synonym for the «New World Order» to imply that its state ideology and government will be similar to Germany’s Third Reich.^{[citation needed]}

Conspiracy theorists, such as American writer Jim Marrs, claim that some ex-Nazis, who survived the fall of the Greater German Reich, along with sympathizers in the United States and elsewhere, given haven by organizations like ODESSA and Die Spinne, has been working behind the scenes since the end of World War II to enact at least some principles of Nazism (e.g., militarism, imperialism, widespread spying on citizens, corporatism, the use of propaganda to manufacture a national consensus) into culture, government, and business worldwide, but primarily in the U.S. They cite the influence of ex-Nazi scientists brought in under Operation Paperclip to help advance aerospace manufacturing in the U.S. with technological principles from Nazi UFOs, and the acquisition and creation of conglomerates by ex-Nazis and their sympathizers after the war, in both Europe and the U.S.^[62]

This neo-Nazi conspiracy is said to be animated by an «Iron Dream» in which the American Empire, having thwarted the Judeo-Masonic conspiracy and overthrown its Zionist Occupation Government, gradually establishes a Fourth Reich formerly known as the «Western Imperium»—a pan-Aryan world empire modeled after Adolf Hitler’s New Order—which reverses the «decline of the West» and ushers a golden age of white supremacy.^[63]

Skeptics argue that conspiracy theorists grossly overestimate the influence of ex-Nazis and neo-Nazis on American society and point out that political repression at home and imperialism abroad have a long history in the United States that predates the 20th century. Some political scientists, such as Sheldon Wolin, have expressed concern that the twin forces of democratic deficit and superpower status have paved the way in the U.S. for the emergence of an inverted totalitarianism which contradicts many principles of Nazism.^[64]

Alien invasion

Since the late 1970s, extraterrestrials from other habitable planets or parallel dimensions (such as «Greys») and intraterrestrials from Hollow Earth (such as «Reptilians») have been included in the New World Order conspiracy, in more or less dominant roles, as in the theories put forward by American writers Stan Deyo and Milton William Cooper, and British writer David Icke.^[6][65][66]

The common theme in these conspiracy theories is that aliens have been among us for decades, centuries or millennia. Still, a government cover-up enforced by «Men in Black» has shielded the public from knowledge of a secret alien invasion. Motivated by speciesism and imperialism, these aliens have been and are secretly manipulating developments and changes in human society to more efficiently control and exploit human beings. In some theories, alien infiltrators have shapeshifted into human form and move freely throughout human society, even to the point of taking control of command positions in governmental, corporate, and religious institutions, and are now in the final stages of their plan to take over the world.^[66] A mythical covert government agency of the United States code-named Majestic 12 is often imagined being the shadow government which collaborates with the alien occupation and permits alien abductions, in exchange for assistance in the development and testing of military «flying saucers» at Area 51, in order for United States armed forces to achieve full-spectrum dominance.^[6]

Skeptics, who adhere to the psychosocial hypothesis for unidentified flying objects, argue that the convergence of New World Order conspiracy theory and UFO conspiracy theory is a product of not only the era’s widespread mistrust of governments and the popularity of the extraterrestrial hypothesis for UFOs but of the far right and ufologists joining forces. Barkun notes that the only positive side to this development is that, if conspirators plotting to rule the world are believed to be aliens, traditional human scapegoats (Freemasons, Illuminati, Jews, etc.) are downgraded or exonerated.^[6]

Brave New World

Antiscience and neo-Luddite conspiracy theorists emphasize technology forecasting in their New World Order conspiracy theories. They speculate that the global power elite are reactionary modernists pursuing a transhumanist plan to develop and use human enhancement technologies to become a «posthuman ruling caste», while change accelerates toward a technological singularity—a theorized future point of discontinuity when events will accelerate at such a pace that normal unenhanced humans will be unable to predict or even understand the rapid changes occurring in the world around them. Conspiracy theorists fear the outcome will either be the emergence of a Brave New World-like dystopia—a «Brave New World Order»—or the extinction of the human species.^[67]

Democratic transhumanists, such as American sociologist James Hughes, counter that many influential members of the United States establishment are bioconservatives strongly opposed to human enhancement, as demonstrated by President Bush’s Council on Bioethics’s proposed international treaty prohibiting human cloning and germline engineering. Furthermore, he argues that conspiracy theorists underestimate how fringe the transhumanist movement really is.^[68]

Postulated implementations

Just as there are several overlapping or conflicting theories among conspiracists about the nature of the New World Order, so are there several beliefs about how its architects and planners will implement it:

Gradualism

Conspiracy theorists generally speculate that the New World Order is being implemented gradually, citing the formation of the U.S. Federal Reserve System in 1913; the League of Nations in 1919; the International Monetary Fund in 1944; the United Nations in 1945; the World Bank in 1945; the World Health Organization in 1948; the European Union and the Euro in 1993; the World Trade Organization in 1998; the African Union in 2002, and the Union of South American Nations in 2008 as major milestones.^[6]

An increasingly popular conspiracy theory among American right-wing populists is that the hypothetical North American Union and the amero currency, proposed by the Council on Foreign Relations and its counterparts in Mexico and Canada, will be the next milestone in the implementation of the New World Order. The theory holds that a group of shadowy and mostly nameless international elites is planning to replace the federal government of the United States with a transnational government. Therefore, conspiracy theorists believe the borders between Mexico, Canada, and the United States are in the process of being erased, covertly, by a group of globalists whose ultimate goal is to replace national governments in Washington, D.C., Ottawa, and Mexico City with a European-style political union and a bloated E.U.-style bureaucracy.^[69]

Skeptics argue that the North American Union exists only as a proposal contained in one of a thousand academic and policy papers published each year that advocate all manner of idealistic but ultimately unrealistic approaches to social, economic, and political problems. Most of these are passed around in their circles and eventually filed away and forgotten by junior staffers in congressional offices. However, some of these papers become touchstones for the conspiracy-minded and form the basis of all kinds of unfounded xenophobic fears, especially during times of economic anxiety.^[69]

For example, in March 2009, as a result of the late-2000s financial crisis, the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation pressed for urgent consideration of a new international reserve currency and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development proposed greatly expanding the I.M.F.’s special drawing rights. Conspiracy theorists fear these proposals are a call for the U.S. to adopt a single global currency for a New World Order.^[70][71]

Judging that both national governments and global institutions have proven ineffective in addressing global problems that go beyond the capacity of individual nation-states to solve, some political scientists critical of New World Order conspiracism, such as Mark C. Partridge, argue that regionalism will be the major force in the coming decades, pockets of power around regional centers: Western Europe around Brussels, the Western Hemisphere around Washington, D.C., East Asia around Beijing, and Eastern Europe around Moscow. As such, the E.U., the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, and the G-20 will likely become more influential as time progresses. The question then is not whether global governance is gradually emerging, but rather how will these regional powers interact with one another.^[72]

Coup d’état

American right-wing populist conspiracy theorists, especially those who joined the militia movement in the United States, speculate that the New World Order will be implemented through a dramatic coup d’état by a «secret team», using black helicopters, in the U.S. and other nation-states to bring about a totalitarian world government controlled by the United Nations and enforced by troops of foreign U.N. peacekeepers. Following the Rex 84 and Operation Garden Plot plans, this military coup would involve the suspension of the Constitution, the imposition of martial law, and the appointment of military commanders to head state and local governments and to detain dissidents.^[73]

These conspiracy theorists, who are all strong believers in a right to keep and bear arms, are extremely fearful that the passing of any gun control legislation will be later followed by the abolition of personal gun ownership and a campaign of gun confiscation, and that the refugee camps of emergency management agencies such as FEMA will be used for the internment of suspected subversives, making little effort to distinguish true threats to the New World Order from pacifist dissidents.^[24]

Before 2000, some survivalists wrongly believed this process would be set in motion by the predicted Y2K problem causing societal collapse.^[74] Since many left-wing and right-wing conspiracy theorists believe that the 11 September attacks were a false flag operation carried out by the United States intelligence community, as part of a strategy of tension to justify political repression at home and preemptive war abroad, they have become convinced that a more catastrophic terrorist incident will be responsible for triggering Executive Directive 51 in order to complete the transition to a police state.^[75]

Skeptics argue that unfounded fears about an imminent or eventual gun ban, military coup, internment, or U.N. invasion and occupation are rooted in the siege mentality of the American militia movement but also an apocalyptic millenarianism which provides a basic narrative within the political right in the U.S., claiming that the idealized society (i.e., constitutional republic, Jeffersonian democracy, «Christian nation», «white nation») is thwarted by subversive conspiracies of liberal secular humanists who want «Big Government» and globalists who plot on behalf of the New World Order.^[15]

Mass surveillance

Conspiracy theorists concerned with surveillance abuse believe that the New World Order is being implemented by the cult of intelligence at the core of the surveillance-industrial complex through mass surveillance and the use of Social Security numbers, the bar-coding of retail goods with Universal Product Code markings, and, most recently, RFID tagging by microchip implants.^[6]

Claiming that corporations and government are planning to track every move of consumers and citizens with RFID as the latest step toward a 1984-like surveillance state, consumer privacy advocates, such as Katherine Albrecht and Liz McIntyre,^[76] have become Christian conspiracy theorists who believe spychips must be resisted because they argue that modern database and communications technologies, coupled with point of sale data-capture equipment and sophisticated ID and authentication systems, now make it possible to require a biometrically associated number or mark to make purchases. They fear that the ability to implement such a system closely resembles the Number of the Beast prophesied in the Book of Revelation.^[6]

In January 2002, the Information Awareness Office (IAO) was established by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to bring together several DARPA projects focused on applying information technology to counter asymmetric threats to national security. Following public criticism that the development and deployment of these technologies could potentially lead to a mass surveillance system, the IAO was defunded by the United States Congress in 2003.^[77] The second source of controversy involved IAO’s original logo, which depicted the «all-seeing» Eye of Providence atop of a pyramid looking down over the globe, accompanied by the Latin phrase scientia est potentia (knowledge is power). Although DARPA eventually removed the logo from its website, it left a lasting impression on privacy advocates.^[78] It also inflamed conspiracy theorists,^[79] who misinterpret the «eye and pyramid» as the Masonic symbol of the Illuminati,^[36][80] an 18th-century secret society they speculate continues to exist and is plotting on behalf of a New World Order.^[40][41]

American historian Richard Landes, who specialized in the history of apocalypticism and was co-founder and director of the Center for Millennial Studies at Boston University, argues that new and emerging technologies often trigger alarmism among millenarians. Even the introduction of Gutenberg’s printing press in 1436 caused waves of apocalyptic thinking. The Year 2000 problem, bar codes, and Social Security numbers all triggered end-time warnings which either proved to be false or were no longer taken seriously once the public became accustomed to these technological changes.^[81] Civil libertarians argue that the privatization of surveillance and the rise of the surveillance-industrial complex in the United States does raise legitimate concerns about the erosion of privacy.^[82] However, skeptics of mass surveillance conspiracism caution that such concerns should be disentangled from secular paranoia about Big Brother or religious hysteria about the Antichrist.^[6]

Occultism

Conspiracy theorists of the Christian right, starting with British revisionist historian Nesta Helen Webster, believe there is an ancient occult conspiracy—started by the first mystagogues of Gnosticism and perpetuated by their alleged esoteric successors, such as the Kabbalists, Cathars, Knights Templar, Hermeticists, Rosicrucians, Freemasons, and, ultimately, the Illuminati—which seeks to subvert the Judeo-Christian foundations of the Western world and implement the New World Order through a one-world religion that prepares the masses to embrace the imperial cult of the Antichrist.^[6] More broadly, they speculate that globalists who plot on behalf of a New World Order are directed by occult agencies of some sort: unknown superiors, spiritual hierarchies, demons, fallen angels or Lucifer. They believe that these conspirators use the power of occult sciences (numerology), symbols (Eye of Providence), rituals (Masonic degrees), monuments (National Mall landmarks), buildings (Manitoba Legislative Building^[83]) and facilities (Denver International Airport) to advance their plot to rule the world.^[6][84]

For example, in June 1979, an unknown benefactor under the pseudonym «R. C. Christian» had a huge granite megalith built in the U.S. state of Georgia, which acts like a compass, calendar, and clock. A message comprising ten guides is inscribed on the occult structure in many languages to serve as instructions for survivors of a doomsday event to establish a more enlightened and sustainable civilization than the destroyed one. The «Georgia Guidestones» has subsequently become a spiritual and political Rorschach test onto which any number of ideas can be imposed. Some New Agers and neo-pagans revere it as a ley-line power nexus while a few conspiracy theorists are convinced that they are engraved with the New World Order’s anti-Christian «Ten Commandments.» Should the Guidestones survive for centuries as their creators intended, many more meanings could arise, equally unrelated to the designer’s original intention.^[85]

Skeptics argue that the demonization of Western esotericism by conspiracy theorists is rooted in religious intolerance but also in the same moral panics that have fueled witch trials in the Early Modern period, and satanic ritual abuse allegations in the United States.^[6]

Population control

Conspiracy theorists believe that the New World Order will also be implemented through human population control to more easily monitor and control the movement of individuals.^[6] The means range from stopping the growth of human societies through reproductive health and family planning programs, which promote abstinence, contraception and abortion, or intentionally reducing the bulk of the world population through genocides by mongering unnecessary wars, through plagues by engineering emergent viruses and tainting vaccines, and through environmental disasters by controlling the weather (HAARP, chemtrails), etc. Conspiracy theorists argue that globalists plotting on behalf of a New World Order are neo-Malthusians who engage in overpopulation and climate change alarmism to create public support for coercive population control and ultimately world government. United Nations Agenda 21 is condemned as «reconcentrating» people into urban areas and depopulating rural ones, even generating a dystopian novel by Glenn Beck where single-family homes are a distant memory.

Skeptics argue that fears of population control can be traced back to the traumatic legacy of the eugenics movement’s «war against the weak» in the United States during the first decades of the 20th century but also the Second Red Scare in the U.S. during the late 1940s and 1950s, and to a lesser extent in the 1960s, when activists on the far right of American politics routinely opposed public health programs, notably water fluoridation, mass vaccination and mental health services, by asserting they were all part of a far-reaching plot to impose a socialist or communist regime.^[86] Their views were influenced by opposition to a number of major social and political changes that had happened in recent years: the growth of internationalism, particularly the United Nations and its programs; the introduction of social welfare provisions, particularly the various programs established by the New Deal; and government efforts to reduce inequalities in the social structure of the U.S.^[87] Opposition towards mass vaccinations in particular got significant attention in the late 2010s, so much so the World Health Organization listed vaccine hesitancy as one of the top ten global health threats of 2019. By this time, people that refused or refused to allow their children to be vaccinated were known colloquially as «anti-vaxxers», though citing the New World Order conspiracy theory or resistance to a perceived population control plan as a reason to refuse vaccination were few and far between.^[88][89]

Mind control

Social critics accuse governments, corporations, and the mass media of being involved in the manufacturing of a national consensus and, paradoxically, a culture of fear due to the potential for increased social control that a mistrustful and mutually fearing population might offer to those in power. The worst fear of some conspiracy theorists, however, is that the New World Order will be implemented through the use of mind control—a broad range of tactics able to subvert an individual’s control of their own thinking, behavior, emotions, or decisions. These tactics are said to include everything from Manchurian candidate-style brainwashing of sleeper agents (Project MKULTRA, «Project Monarch») to engineering psychological operations (water fluoridation, subliminal advertising, «Silent Sound Spread Spectrum», MEDUSA) and parapsychological operations (Stargate Project) to influence the masses.^[90] The concept of wearing a tin foil hat for protection from such threats has become a popular stereotype and term of derision; the phrase serves as a byword for paranoia and is associated with conspiracy theorists.

Skeptics argue that the paranoia behind a conspiracy theorist’s obsession with mind control, population control, occultism, surveillance abuse, Big Business, Big Government, and globalization arises from a combination of two factors, when he or she: 1) holds strong individualist values and 2) lacks power. The first attribute refers to people who care deeply about an individual’s right to make their own choices and direct their own lives without interference or obligations to a larger system (like the government), but combine this with a sense of powerlessness in one’s own life. One gets what some psychologists call «agency panic,» intense anxiety about an apparent loss of autonomy to outside forces or regulators. When fervent individualists feel that they cannot exercise their independence, they experience a crisis and assume that larger forces are to blame for usurping this freedom.^[91][92]

Alleged conspirators

According to Domhoff, many people seem to believe that the United States is ruled from behind the scenes by a conspiratorial elite with secret desires, i.e., by a small, secretive group that wants to change the government system or put the country under the control of a world government. In the past, the conspirators were usually said to be crypto-communists who were intent upon bringing the United States under a common world government with the Soviet Union, but the dissolution of the USSR in 1991 undercut that theory. Domhoff notes that most conspiracy theorists changed their focus to the United Nations as the likely controlling force in a New World Order, an idea which is undermined by the powerlessness of the U.N. and the unwillingness of even moderates within the American Establishment to give it anything but a limited role.^[56]

Although skeptical of New World Order conspiracism, political scientist David Rothkopf argues, in the 2008 book Superclass: The Global Power Elite and the World They Are Making, that the world population of 6 billion people is governed by an elite of 6,000 individuals. Until the late 20th century, governments of the great powers provided most of the superclass, accompanied by a few heads of international movements (i.e., the Pope of the Catholic Church) and entrepreneurs (Rothschilds, Rockefellers). According to Rothkopf, in the early 21st century, economic clout—fueled by the explosive expansion of international trade, travel, and communication—rules; the nation-state’s power has diminished shrinking politicians to minority power broker status; leaders in international business, finance, and the defense industry not only dominate the superclass, but they also move freely into high positions in their nations’ governments and back to private life largely beyond the notice of elected legislatures (including the U.S. Congress), which remain abysmally ignorant of affairs beyond their borders. He asserts that the superclass’ disproportionate influence over national policy is constructive but always self-interested and that across the world, few object to corruption and oppressive governments provided they can do business in these countries.^[93]

Viewing the history of the world as the history of warfare between secret societies, conspiracy theorists go further than Rothkopf, and other scholars who have studied the global power elite, by claiming that established upper-class families with «old money» who founded and finance the Bilderberg Group, Bohemian Club, Club of Rome, Council on Foreign Relations, Rhodes Trust, Skull and Bones, Trilateral Commission, and similar think tanks and private clubs, are illuminated conspirators plotting to impose a totalitarian New World Order—the implementation of an authoritarian world government controlled by the United Nations and a global central bank, which maintains political power through the financialization of the economy, regulation and restriction of speech through the concentration of media ownership, mass surveillance, widespread use of state terrorism, and an all-encompassing propaganda that creates a cult of personality around a puppet world leader and ideologizes world government as the culmination of history’s progress.^[6]

Criticism

Skeptics of New World Order conspiracy theories accuse its proponents of indulging in the furtive fallacy, a belief that significant facts of history are necessarily sinister; conspiracism, a world view that centrally places conspiracy theories in the unfolding of history, rather than social and economic forces; and fusion paranoia, a promiscuous absorption of fears from any source whatsoever.^[6]

Marxists, who are skeptical of right-wing populist conspiracy theories, also accuse the global power elite of not having the best interests of all at heart, and many intergovernmental organizations of suffering from a democratic deficit, but they argue that the superclass are plutocrats only interested in brazenly imposing a neoliberal or neoconservative new world order—the implementation of global capitalism through economic and military coercion to protect the interests of transnational corporations—which systematically undermines the possibility of international socialism.^[94] Arguing that the world is in the middle of a transition from the American Empire to the rule of a global ruling class that has emerged from within the American Empire, they point out that right-wing populist conspiracy theorists, blinded by their anti-communism, fail to see that what they demonize as the «New World Order» is, ironically, the highest stage of the very capitalist economic system they defend.^[94]

Domhoff, a research professor in psychology and sociology who studies theories of power, wrote in 2005 an essay entitled There Are No Conspiracies. He says that for this theory to be true, it required several «wealthy and highly educated people» to do things that don’t «fit with what we know about power structures». Claims that this will happen go back decades and have always been proved wrong.

Partridge, a contributing editor to the global affairs magazine Diplomatic Courier, wrote a 2008 article entitled One World Government: Conspiracy Theory or Inevitable Future? He says that if anything, nationalism, which is the opposite of a global government, is rising. He also says that attempts at creating global governments or global agreements «have been categorical failures» and where «supranational governance exist they are noted for their bureaucracy and inefficiency.»

Although some cultural critics see superconspiracy theories about a New World Order as «postmodern metanarratives» that may be politically empowering, a way of giving ordinary people a narrative structure with which to question what they see around them,^[95] skeptics argue that conspiracism leads people into cynicism, convoluted thinking, and a tendency to feel it is hopeless even as they denounce the alleged conspirators.^[96]

Alexander Zaitchik from the Southern Poverty Law Center wrote a report titled «‘Patriot’ Paranoia: A Look at the Top Ten Conspiracy Theories», in which he personally condemns such conspiracies as an effort of the radical right to undermine society.^[97]

Concerned that the improvisational millennialism of most conspiracy theories about a New World Order might motivate lone wolves to engage in leaderless resistance leading to domestic terrorist incidents like the Oklahoma City bombing,^[98] Barkun writes that «the danger lies less in such beliefs themselves … than in the behavior they might stimulate or justify» and warns «should they believe that the prophesied evil day had in fact arrived, their behavior would become far more difficult to predict.»

Warning of the threat to American democracy posed by right-wing populist movements led by demagogues who mobilize support for mob rule or even a fascist revolution by exploiting the fear of conspiracies, Berlet writes that «Right-wing populist movements can cause serious damage to a society because they often popularize xenophobia, authoritarianism, scapegoating, and conspiracism. This can lure mainstream politicians to adopt these themes to attract voters, legitimize acts of discrimination (or even violence), and open the door for revolutionary right-wing populist movements, such as fascism, to recruit from the reformist populist movements.»

Hughes, a professor of religion, warns that no religious idea has greater potential for shaping global politics in profoundly negative ways than «the new world order». He writes in a February 2011 article entitled Revelation, Revolutions, and the Tyrannical New World Order that «the crucial piece of this puzzle is the identity of the Antichrist, the tyrannical figure who both leads and inspires the new world order». This has in turn been the Soviet Union and the Arab world. He says that inspires believers to «welcome war with the Islamic world» and opens the door to nuclear holocaust.»

Criticisms of New World Order conspiracy theorists also come from within their own community. Despite believing themselves to be «freedom fighters», many right-wing populist conspiracy theorists hold views that are incompatible with their professed libertarianism, such as Christian dominionism, authoritarian ultranationalism, white supremacy and eliminationism.^[15][99] This paradox has led Icke, who argues that Christian Patriots are the only Americans who understand the truth about the New World Order (which he believes is controlled by a race of reptilians known as the «Babylonian Brotherhood»), to reportedly tell a Christian Patriot group, «I don’t know which I dislike more, the world controlled by the Brotherhood or the one you want to replace it with.»^{[citation needed]}

See also

• Anti-globalization movement
• Criticisms of globalization
• Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory

References

Further reading

The following is a list of non-self-published non-fiction books that discuss New World Order conspiracy theories.

• Carr, William Guy (1954). Pawns in the Game. Legion for the Survival of Freedom, an affiliate of the Institute for Historical Review. ISBN 0-911038-29-9.
• Still, William T. (1990). New World Order: The Ancient Plan of Secret Societies. Huntington House Publishers. ISBN 0-910311-64-1.
• Cooper, Milton William (1991). Behold a Pale Horse. Light Technology Publications. ISBN 0-929385-22-5.
• Kah, Gary H. (1991). En Route to Global Occupation. Huntington House Publishers. ISBN 0-910311-97-8.
• Martin, Malachi (1991). Keys of This Blood: Pope John Paul II Versus Russia and the West for Control of the New World Order. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-74723-1.
• Robertson, Pat (1992). The New World Order. W Publishing Group. ISBN 0-8499-3394-3.
• Wardner, James (1994) [1993]. The Planned Destruction of America. Longwood Communications. ISBN 0-9632190-5-7.
• Keith, Jim (1995). Black Helicopters over America: Strikeforce for the New World Order. Illuminet Press. ISBN 1-881532-05-4.
• Cuddy, Dennis Laurence (1999) [1994]. Secret Records Revealed: The Men, The Money and The Methods Behind the New World Order. Hearthstone Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 1-57558-031-4.
• Marrs, Jim (2001) [2001]. Rule by Secrecy: The Hidden History That Connects the Trilateral Commission, the Freemasons, and the Great Pyramids. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-093184-1.
• Lina, Jüri (2004). Architects of Deception. Referent Publishing. ASIN B0017YZELI.

External links

• World Government summit Official Website
• Quotations related to New World Order at Wikiquote

Tim Bryant, Guest
Waking Times

“A brief glance at history will tell you that emperors and tyrants have been trying to expand their power and influence over greater and greater areas for centuries. It just happens that today it can be done on a global scale like never before…”

A one second search on Google can instantaneously amass up to 760 million search results on the term “New World Order,” compared to just 719 million for the word “politics.” It seems pretty clear that the concept of a “New World Order” is not something new, and rather is quite a recognized and discussed topic within in the world consciousness. In fact, last year there was even an International Conference on the “New World Order: A Recipe for War or Peace” that was put together by Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, former Prime Minister of Malaysia, a post he held for 22 years.

However, just like politics, there is a wide range of perceptions as to what the phrase “New World Order” even means, and how it’s reflected in reality. Instead of picking apart every strand and side-tangent of the theory, it would be more constructive to begin to locate the common ground which can be held together by easily verifiable information, historical perspective, and common sense. It’s clear people want to talk about it, so in order to discuss this illusive concept in an open and mature manner, people have to begin to let go of preconceived perceptions, even just while you read this article, and try to look at the evidence in a new, open-minded way. It’s too important a topic to not at least consider the case…

Defining the New World Order

A basic definition might be the best place to start, as a way of laying the foundation for everything else. To do this, let’s first take a look at a quote by renowned alternative researcher and journalist James Corbett, when asked what the New World Order is:

“I don’t think it’s right to frame the New World Order as necessarily a policy or group. I think it’s more part of an ideology of globalism that has been explicitly articulated in various ways by various people who are linked, but not always directly like we might think.”

From the start, it’s important to understand the distinction that the New World Order is not necessarily one specific group or one specific law, but more of an over encompassing ideology. An ideology is a worldview and belief system that guides an individual, group, social movement, class or institution. The basic concept behind the ideology of a New World Order is international collectivism, whereas power and law within societies is increasingly centralized into fewer groups, so as to transcend nations and move power and law into international bodies and institutions, in the belief that world law benefits the collective people of the world over decentralized local law. Therefore, the idea of a New World Order is not simply a single policy, domestic group, or international organization, but instead encompasses an international ideological movement towards the construction of a global governance system. There is no doubt that within this ideology certain patterns of people, organizations, and tactics continually emerge, over and over again, to lead the charge. While many are benign to this movement, these same groups and individuals know what it’s about and frequently refer to the idea of this “New Word Order” in their writings, speeches, and literature. It is a true conspiracy for a New World Order of international collectivism that a majority of the public is not even aware of.

Now this is where many people who have not been exposed to this theory will check out, as their initial thought plays out like a Hollywood movie of a secret cabal or authoritarian dictator residing over the world in his holy throne. However, this is a vastly oversimplified way of looking at an idea that spans generations in time and is far more complex and nuanced than many people think. To begin with, the word governance does not necessarily have the same meaning as government. While government takes the form of a visible group or organization that is often elected and held accountable, governance can transcend the nation and operate privately as a stronger layer of power behind the scenes, which is not always directly visible and often times not elected or accountable to the public. For example, it is well-known that Cardinal de Richelieu was the “power behind the throne” of King Louis XIII of France, and similarly today, it’s well known that the Federal Reserve is a strong “power behind the throne” of the United States Government, with its autonomous ability to control monetary policy. It’s this concentrated pattern of power working in the shadows together towards a one-world system in which most people often refer to in today’s context as “The New World Order.”

In a world of such technological advancement, it shouldn’t come as a surprise to anyone that there would be an ideological group formed around the consolidation of international power and control. Any brief glance at history will tell you that emperors and tyrants have been trying to expand their power and influence over greater and greater areas for centuries. It just so happens that today it can be done on a global scale like never before. This didn’t just fall out of the sky either. Numerous people of high prominence have openly discussed their vision of a one-world government, while others have become aware and warned people about the buildup of invisible powers working together behind the scenes towards further centralization of control. These are just a few of the many quotes out there by highly recognized figures on the subject.

“The real rulers in Washington are invisible, and exercise power from behind the scenes.” – Felix Frankfurter, Supreme Court Justice, 1952

“Some of the biggest men in the United States, in the field of commerce and manufacture, are afraid of something. They know that there is a power somewhere so organized, so subtle, so watchful, so interlocked, so complete, so pervasive, that they had better not speak above their breath when they speak in condemnation of it.” – Woodrow Wilson ,28th President of the United States

“We shall have World Government, whether or not we like it. The only question is whether World Government will be achieved by consent or conquest.” – James Paul Warburg [son of Paul Warburg, the author of the Federal Reserve Act] February 7, 1950

“We are grateful to the Washington Post, The New York Times, Time Magazine and other great publications whose directors have attended our meetings and respected their promises of discretion for almost forty years. It would have been impossible for us to develop our plan for the world if we had been subjected to the lights of publicity during those years. But, the world is now more sophisticated and prepared to march towards a world government. The supranational sovereignty of an intellectual elite and world bankers is surely preferable to the national auto-determination practiced in past centuries.” – David Rockefeller, Baden-Baden, Germany 1991

“I think that his [Obama’s] task will be to develop an overall strategy for America in this period, when really a New World Order can be created.” – Henry Kissinger, CNBC 2008

It seems pretty clear that something is going on behind closed doors of which many inside the establishment are aware, but are either part of, or are afraid to talk about. So how does one even begin to put this all into a rational perspective?

The Concentration of Powers

The best place to start might be understanding how vast amounts of private capital found its way into a small group of hands starting in the late 18^th century, especially amongst two leading families, the Rockefellers and the Rothschild’s. Though there are many other strands of important information to sort though, a basic understanding of these two massively powerful interests can give people a glimpse into the strongest powers working behind the throne to obtain collective world power.

The Rockefellers and Rothschilds are no normal families; they have privately accumulated assets and powers far greater than that of some independent nations. An accurate portrayal of history is therefore impossible to understand without discussing their impact. Their sphere of influence casts out so far that many of the early international structures established have their names all over it. John F. Hylan, Mayor of New York from 1918-1925, was quoted as saying:

“The real menace of our Republic is the invisible government, which like a giant octopus sprawls its slimy legs over our cities, states and nation. To depart from mere generalizations, let me say that at the head of this octopus are the Rockefeller-Standard Oil interests and a small group of powerful banking houses generally referred to as the international bankers (Rothschild’s). The little coterie of powerful international bankers virtually run the United States government for their own selfish purposes.” 

To achieve such power, they both set out and built virtual monopolies in their respective fields: Rothschilds in banking and Rockefellers in oil. Starting in the 19^th century, the Rothschild’s became the unquestioned kings of banking, starting a private central bank in almost every country in Europe. The brothers created an empire through the private lending practice of fractional reserve banking. As discussed in a previous article, Is the U.S. Dollar Going to Collapse, this allowed the Rothschild’s to loan out way more money then it had in its account or in gold to back it up, making them the richest family on the planet. They amassed a fortune making loans at interest, not only to people and businesses, but to governments, which in turn gave them unbelievable power, as they were the main creditor to almost all the governments in Europe. This was especially effective since governments needed money for war; so as time went on, these governments became massively indebted to the Rothschild’s. This wielded them tremendous leverage in politics and world affairs, as they controlled almost the entire money supply of Europe and could crash the markets at whim. Baron Nathan de Rothschild once famously said:

“I care not what puppet is placed on the throne of England to rule the British Empire on which the sun never sets. The man that controls Britain’s money supply controls the British Empire, and I control the British money supply.”

They didn’t stop at banking though. They owned major stakes in companies like BP/Royal Dutch Shell, Goldman Sachs, and Reuters, among many others. They also made tons of money by funding some of the top businessmen of the time as agents of the Rothschild’s, including Cecil Rhodes so he could form a monopoly over the diamond and gold fields of South Africa, E.H. Harriman’s so he could construct a railroad monopoly, Cornelius Vanderbilt’s so he could form a railroad and shipping monopoly, and Andrew Carnegie so he could build a monopoly on steel, among many other people. Then there was business tycoon J.P. Morgan, who was thought to be the richest man in the world at the time, but when he died it was found out after that he was a lieutenant of the Rothschild’s. Then of course there is their funding of the infamous John D. Rockefeller.

John D. Rockefeller was the founder of Standard Oil in the mid to late 19th century, creating a virtual monopoly on oil refinement in the beginning of the American oil boom, which as we know now, oil went on to become the worlds most sought after commodity. He achieved this by starting one of the largest oil company’s in the world, and turning it into a monopoly by entering into a secret alliance with the Rothschild’s and Morgan’s for funding and the railroad company South Improvement Co.; a deal that allowed him to dominate the competition by having the lowest transportation costs. He soon was able to put most entrepreneurs out of business and buy up almost all the competition. In 1879, it was estimated that he owned 90% of the oil refineries in the world, a true international monopoly. He gained the reputation as a ruthless businessman and was often depicted in print as a snake.

As with the Rothschild’s, the Rockefellers were just beginning in terms of amassing influence. Teddy Roosevelt would eventually break up the Standard Oil Trust, but Rockefeller would only profit more due to the sale and breakup, while still coming to own large interests in Exxon, Mobil, Chevron, BP, and Royal Dutch Shell. They would also go on to start their own bank, commonly referred to as JP Morgan Chase today, as well as colluding in secret with Rothschild and other elite banker interests to start the all-powerful Federal Reserve in the United States. Both families also heavily finance, have interests in, or sit on the boards of hundred’s of major corporations as well as account for large amounts of real estate all over the world; especially New York City, which is home to the famous Rockefeller Center, and Israel, where the Rothschild’s constructed the Israeli Supreme Court Building among others. This is only a brief glimpse into the massive private fortunes these two large families have acquired. Fortunes so large that they are impossible to calculate in definitive numbers.

It wasn’t just these two families who made it rich, although they were the most prominent and financed many of the other families. Starting in the late 18^th century, there would be a rise of a small group of supremely wealthy capitalists who wielded massive private power over large sections of important markets; something society had not been accustomed to of this magnitude. For the first time in history, individuals with large amounts of private capital became a seriously powerful force in society, supremely challenging government power and public interests. Prof. Dr. Mujahid Kamran, from the Centre for Research on Globalization, states,

“The advent of the industrial revolution, the invention of a banking system based on usury, and scientific and technological advancements during the past three centuries have had three major consequences. These have made the incredible concentration of wealth in a few hands possible, have led to the construction of increasingly deadly weapons culminating in weapons of mass destruction, and have made it possible to mold the minds of vast populations by application of scientific techniques through the media and control of the educational system.”

By the time the 20th century came around, the Rothschilds and Rockefellers not only had fortunes and influence that rivaled governments, but they would work in tandem towards similar globalists ends. Through their large fortunes and web of business connections, thanks to being the world largest financiers, Rothschild and Rockefeller began to use their monopolies to further their power and influence in society by attempting to unite many of the highest elite interests into an aligned, collective manner. They knew that governments would bend at the knees if just a small group of these interests united and coordinated actions towards similar goals. They essentially aimed to buildup a private network of powerful interests working towards their own agenda. This seems evident even today.

This was fostered in a variety of ways, such as buying up and merging with other companies, financing businessmen to work towards their interests, indebting and corrupting governments, sitting on the boards and having large interests in big corporations, creating think tanks and non-profit organizations to promote their ideas, and the use of secret societies to foster hidden international alliances and cooperation. Respected researcher G. Edward Griffin described this buildup of collective international power as a complex interconnected web of “rings within rings within rings,” whereas layers of protection and secrecy are able to insulate how the inner core connects. They can also use these larger outer layers to scout people out before they bring them into the inner rings.

These rings of connection can come in the form of political ideologies such as the Neo-Conservatives, Zionists, and Neo-Liberals, which gives one a team to be on. However, not-for-profit organizations have proved far more successful, as they have become a more powerful force in the background, unifying the actions of different political parties. Through Rockefeller created groups like the Council on Foreign Relations, the Trilateral Commission, the Bilderberg Group, the World Economic Forum, and the United Nations, various international interests from a wide variety of sectors in society were brought together into informal settings to discuss policy and develop ways in which coordinated moves can further the profits of all the connected interests that “play ball.” These organizations were supplemented with think tanks like the Rand Institute, the Brookings Institute, and the Atlantic Council. Think Tanks were designed to do “research” and write “official” papers that outline “policy suggestions” to world leaders. The problem is that these papers are usually written to further the interests of those funding it, not collective social well-being.

Foundations were also one of the key tools used to infiltrate culture and change consciousness in order to build influence. They are, in short, the engines of social engineering; both for elite circles specifically, and society as a whole, more generally. The Rockefeller Foundation in particular was able to wield massive influence over education, science, medicine, entertainment, public policy, and art. As Professor of Education Robert F. Arnove wrote in his book Philanthropy and Cultural Imperialism:

“Foundations like Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Ford have a corrosive influence on a democratic society; they represent relatively unregulated and unaccountable concentrations of power and wealth which buy talent, promote causes, and, in effect, establish an agenda of what merits society’s attention. They serve as “cooling-out” agencies, delaying and preventing more radical, structural change. They help maintain an economic and political order, international in scope, which benefits the ruling-class interests of philanthropists and philanthropoids – a system which… has worked against the interests of minorities, the working class, and Third World peoples”

On an even deeper level, it has become impossible to deny that it also involves many rings of people interconnected by secret societies to one degree or another, such as the Freemasons, Skull and Bones, and the Knights of Malta. In fact, there was such a strong opposition in the United States to Freemasonry, that a political party formed called the Anti-Masonic Party,believing that Freemasonry was a corrupt and elitist secret society, which was ruling much of the country. The party gave rise to several presidential candidates as well as many inductees’ into the House of Representatives. It should also be noted that the 2004 election was George Bush vs. John Kerry, both of which are members of a secret society at Yale called Skull and Bones.

It’s no doubt that this collusion of mega-interests has lead to the formation of corporate cartels that have come to dominate the market in almost all sectors of the economy. Just look at how 10 companies have come to control almost everything people buy at the grocery store.

Click image to enlarge.

Or how 6 companies have come to control 90% of the American media. (Maybe that’s why we were asleep at the wheel…)

There are many other examples, but those don’t even compare to one of the inner most layers hidden behind that, The Bilderberg Group. The Bilderberg Group, a more nuance secret society that was previously only speculated about in “conspiracy theories,” is an organization largely started by David Rockefeller, which meets once a year for an annual conference to discuss policy. It’s made up of 120 to 150 people of mostly European and North American political elite,consisting of experts from industry, finance, academia, military, intelligence, and media. There is little to no press coverage on the meeting. However, because of public pressure on the group, they were finally forced to admit it was a real meeting and have listed the names of people who allegedly attended in recent years. To understand the power at this conference, one man mapped out how its member have influence on literally almost everything in existence.

It has become clear that private capital exploded, starting in the late 18th century, primarily through the use of fractional reserve banking and corporate monopolies. As time went on, their interests naturally become more and more aligned, as working together maximized profit and power. Just like anything else, these groups are subject to their in-fighting and problems, but they naturally come together when push comes to shove. They know the weight of their coordinated actions becomes deadly through their ability to manipulate markets and control credit. They know the reach of their coordinated actions is too expansive, which is largely why they were able to manufacture and finance both sides of World War I and World War II. These same players are also largely behind the rise of China through the Wall Street financing of eight families, referred to as the 8 Immortals, that went on to monopolize large parts of China, as well as being behind the changes in the Russian political landscape through heavy funding of the Bolshevik Revolution by the same Wall Street players.

Endless war is incredibly powerful for them, because governments need loans and the military needs resources. Power then shifts as governments go into debt to the bankers. So much so, that they come to own the government in some sense and are able to rig the rules in their favor. This includes heavy influence on the military and intelligence apparatuses. Rockefellers and Rothschilds are known to have many ties to the CIA, Mossad, and MI6 through men like the Dulles Brothers and others, as well as the ability to get countries into wars. Power also tends to shift after wars from the national level to further centralized power at the international level.

According to the recent Credit Suisse Global Wealth Report, the top 1% of the world’s population owns half of all global wealth. Since it is common knowledge that money rules politics, the elite are clearly in charge, especially if they operate as a team. Government, Big Business, and Banking have all become one, with the “establishment” the inner ring within the outer ring. While this is a real problem, the even bigger issue is that they are now, more than ever, molding a strong foundation for visible international system of global governance. It might sound outlandish at first, but it’s really not that hard to see when taken into historical context and looked at objectively.

The 21st Century New World Order

An obvious tool being used to work toward a one-world government is Free-Trade deals like the TPP, NAFTA, TISA and TTIP. The major issue with these deals is that they breach the national and local sovereignty of law. In international free-trade agreements, countries agree on a standard set of rules negotiated in secret that transcend nations, and all countries must adhere to them so as to set the same rules for all. If countries do not abide by the universal laws, then nations and even cities can be sued at the taxpayers expense in secret international arbitration courts (tribunals), instead of domestic courts. This massive power grab by elite interests will not only make it extremely hard for small competition to compete with international corporations with far more capital, but it also gives away the people’s power to exercise more localized democracy and further centralizes it into unelected international institutions.

Other tools being used are the IMF and World Bank, which aim to maintain control of developing nations by trapping them into large amounts of debt. Then there is the Bank for International Settlements, which is the quote on quote “central banks of central banks.” Carol Quigley warned of this organization in his books, and some speculate it’s a Rothschild/Rockefeller controlled bank. From the best estimates, there are only maybe eleven countries without central banks under control of the BIS: Venezuela, Somalia, Lebanon, Libya, Iraq, Afghanistan, Cuba, Iran, Sudan, Syria, and North Korea. However, the central banks of Iraq, Libya, Afghanistan, and South Sudan have become private banks, rumored to be owned by the Rothschild’s. There are various other bodies as well, like the World Trade Organization, World Customs Organization, United Nations, OECD, G20 and Financial Stability Board. They are all interconnecting to lay the initial regulatory framework for international law, global tax compliance, global customs enforcements, and treaties that make up the foundation for global governance. Slowly but methodically, power is being stripped away from nations, communities and individuals, and put into fewer and fewer collective hands with greater reach, starting with regions like the European Union and proposed North American Union, before moving into International bodies.

Most people will naturally begin to wonder how they’re able to do this and get away with it. It’s really not as hard as some might think. An easy way to begin to conceptualize how this happens is to look at it through the same structural framework as that of a corporation. In an international corporation, the power structure is designed strikingly similar to a hierarchical pyramid, whereas more and more power is put into the hands of fewer and fewer people as one moves up the chain, starting first with the most basic laborers at the bottom of the pyramid, then moving slightly up to the average employees, before going further up to regional and national managers, and finally up to the bigger players like the executive officers, the board of trustees, and the owner.

This doesn’t even take into account the fact that many companies are then owned by other companies, who might also be swallowed up by larger holding groups that set the agenda all the way down the ladder. In this type of hierarchical structure and layered financing, compartmentalization plays a major function in how it builds up behind the scenes; everyone is on a “need to know” basis. The higher one moves up the chain, the more knowledge and power they have over the operation and the more they can see the bigger picture. However, in the end, only the ones at the very top are able to put the whole thing together. For this reason, the majority of people are going right along with the agenda, unconsciously doing their job, not knowing they’re aiding the interests of layers much higher then themselves. It’s basically turned the world into a feudalistic society, whereas there is an ownership class and then there is everyone else in the labor class.

People never question why this is because society never mentions it and labels it as taboo. This other, more powerful tool has been their infiltration of social consciousness and culture through the domination and control off the media; the entertainment industry (Hollywood), food, science, education, healthcare, medicine, and information. Their philanthropic foundations, government influence, and endless bankroll have allowed them to invest in the social engineering of society towards their own agenda as well as mold the image of what it means to be a human being; a centralized image that is perceived by most the majority of the population. There is no doubt that they have had large influence on social and individual consciousness and perception.

This is only the tip of the iceberg, as there are many more threads, layers, people, and groups that were not mentioned, for the list goes on and on. History is far from what we have been lead to believe; riddled with false flags, heavy bias, withheld information, and just straight up lies. But don’t take my word for it, do your own research and come to your own conclusions. Don’t allow the groupthink to dictate what you think.

We are at a defining point in social consciousness. There is a mass awakening going on in world consciousness while at the same time a move towards power centralization and control. It’s about time people finally begin to realize that all the worlds’ problems are a lot more connected then what has been taught in school. This ideology, which has amassed an ungodly amount of power and capital, has hijacked the world consciousness to some degree or another, and used it to centralize more power internationally into the hands of fewer and fewer people. While, globalization and a connected world sound good in theory, there are many hidden layers and controllers “behind the throne” that most are completely unaware of.

It’s time to wise up and ask the tough questions such as: Who really has control over society and do they have society’s best interest in mind? Centralization vs. decentralization is at the heart of this issue and a topic that will define the world’s future. Is centralization of power a good thing, or is decentralization a more affective international model? Can the world remain connected and cohesive in a decentralized system? Are centralized rulers even necessary in the in the 21^st century?

John D. Rockefeller once said,

“The day of combination is here to stay. Individualism has gone, never to return.”

It seems, if the current path is continued, then individualism will be dead, and collectivism will win out. However, I ask everyone out there to at least ponder what type of balance between collectivism and individualism is best for the future of society. How much do we value group power and consensus compared to the individual sovereignty of human beings to govern themselves, free of top down power. This isn’t a black and white answer, but the train is already moving so it’s time to pay attention. It’s up to us to wake up and get caught up to speed, so we can stop feeding the beast and change direction if necessary. If we don’t, the New World Order of international control in the hands of an unelected oligarchical elite is all but inevitable. Is that a world we want to live in?

JFK attempted to warn us in his famous speech before he was assassinated.

“It requires a change in outlook, a change in tactics, a change in missions—by the government, by the people, by every businessman or labor leader, and by every newspaper. For we are opposed around the world by a monolithic and ruthless conspiracy that relies primarily on covet means for expanding its sphere of influence—on infiltration instead of invasion, on subversion instead of elections, on intimidation instead of free choice, on guerrillas by night instead of armies by day. It is a system, which has conscripted vast human and material resources into the building of a tightly knit, highly efficient machine that combines military, diplomatic, intelligence, economic, scientific, and political operations.

Its preparations are concealed, not published. Its mistakes are buried, not headlined. Its dissenters are silenced, not praised. No expenditure is questioned, no rumor is printed, no secret is revealed. It conducts the Cold War, in short, with war-time discipline no democracy would ever hope or wish to match.

Nevertheless, every democracy recognizes the necessary restraints of national security—and the question remains whether restraints need to be more strictly observed if we are to oppose this kind of attack as well as outright invasion.” – John F Kennedy – President of The United States, 1961

About the Author

An avid free-thinker, Tim has set out on a mission in search of the truth in whatever form it may come. Ever since his awakening several years ago, his passion for knowledge and justice has led him on a journey into deep research, cultural travel, and complete expansion of the mind. Tim feels as if the information freely flowing into the hands of the public, due to the dawn of the Internet, cannot be stopped at this point, so he has made it his goal to help facilitate and breakdown this complex stream of information, so that others can accelerate their own awakening and be part of the inevitable change happening in society.

You can connect with Tim at:

• Website: new.thelastamericanvagabond.com
• Facebook: facebook.com/TheLastAmericanVagabond

Sources: 

• http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ideology
• http://pressfortruth.ca/top-stories/international-peace-conference-discusses-threat-new-world-order/
• http://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Research-Aids/JFK-Speeches/American-Newspaper-Publishers-Association_19610427.aspx
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxVONyqXMJg
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOqDM6ypiPk
• http://www.globalresearch.ca/bilderberg-2011-the-rockefeller-world-order-and-the-high-priests-of-globalization/25302
• http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-federal-reserve-cartel-the-eight-families/25080 
• http://www.globalresearch.ca/who-really-controls-the-world/5445239?print=1 
• http://www.globalresearch.ca/rockefeller-global-tentacles-exposed-in-1959-by-the-soviet-union/5308763 
• http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-federal-reserve-cartel-the-eight-families/25080 
• http://www.activistpost.com/2010/11/globalism-think-tanks-and-new-world.html 
• http://www.businessinsider.com/a-history-of-the-rockefellers-2012-4?op=1 
• http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~schwrtz/Rockefeller.html 
• http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sociopolitica/world_order/WorldCh07-1.htm 
• http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread853902/pg1 
• http://www.bis.org/about/member_cb.htm, http://www.princeton.edu/mudd/finding_aids/MC019.09/Clippings_Articles_English_1939-1967/19560901_0000034116.pdf
• http://www.biography.com/people/jp-morgan-9414735#famous-financier
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._P._Morgan
• http://www.corbettreport.com/what-is-the-new-world-order-video
• http://www.corbettreport.com/episode-297-china-and-the-new-world-order
• http://www.corbettreport.com/interview-1048-michel-chossudovsky-on-global-warfare-in-the-new-world-order
• http://www.truthandaction.org/dc-think-tank-extraordinary-crisis-needed-preserve-new-world-order

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This article (Understanding The New World Order – The Who, What, How and Why) was originally created and published by The Last American Vagabond. 

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The New World Order (NWO) is a notoriously vague conspiracy theory which claims that some powerful group is either secretly running the world or on the verge of gaining such control (implying that if and when they do, the end times is upon us).

The bulk of the evidence provided amounts to some pseudohistorical hodgepodge — typically involving anything from Napoleon and the Rothschilds, to a supposed International Jewish Conspiracy to take over the world, to shady weekend conferences held at Ellis island and the Bilderberg hotel — assembled backwards from the fact that in the recent history of the now living, 9/11 was a thing that happened. Thus, the logic goes that
the Georgia Guidestones (CFR × Monsanto) + quotemining H.W. Bush ÷ RFID chipped flu vaccines (≈ book of revelation) = FEMA death camps.

Origin of the phrase[edit]

The phrase is often traced back to Virgil, whose fourth eclogue included the phrase «novus ordo seclorum», accurately translated «new order of the ages» but often mistranslated «new world order». Classicists think this relates on one level to the start of the Roman Empire under Augustus and on a more personal level to the birth of Virgil’s patron Pollio’s son. But alternative interpretations have abounded: in the Middle Ages, Christians decided to interpret that as relating to Jesus bringing a new order, either with his first coming shortly after Virgil’s time, or some later event. Whether secular or Christian, a belief that the US would offer a new order to the world was in the minds of the Founding Fathers of the USA who put Virgil’s motto on the Great Seal of the US, and hence on currency. The classicist and political theorist Leo Strauss was a big fan of Virgil and also an influence on 20th century conservatism and neoconservative thought, which helped popularise the concept later.^[1]

The precise phrase «new world order» seems to go back to the mid-19th century, with the eccentric Victorian religious poet Philip James Bailey writing in 1848 in the 3rd edition of his ever-growing epic Festus: «Ye are all nations, I a single soul. Yet shall this new world order outlast all.»^[2] However it was also used in a more mundane sense, with the OED noting William Roscoe Thayer’s 1892 history of Italy using the phrase to reference Napoleon’s rule.^[3]

A more prominent early use of the phrase was the title of the 1920 book The New World Order by Frederick C. Hicks,^[4] but it is usually misattributed to H.G. Wells’ 1940 book of the same name. The phrase had previously been used by Nicholas Murray Butler, in his 1917 book A World in Ferment.^[5] The phrase also appeared in a 1940 essay by occultist writer Alice Bailey, in her posthumously published 1957 compilation The Externalisation of the Hierarchy. To Hicks, Wells, and Bailey, the term referred to a benevolent social democracy that would soon emerge, just as the Founding Fathers had thought the birth of the US presaged a new, more enlightened polity (not quite what the Emperor Augustus brought, but the link to Virgil is apparent), while Butler used the term to describe World War I as it was being waged.

Conspiracy theorists, however, believe the term goes back earlier, to Cecil Rhodes and Lionel Curtis, circa 1909. This seems to be largely an invention of Robin Brown’s 2015 book The Secret Society: Cecil John Rhodes’s Plan for a New World Order.^[6] Brown claimed that Rhodes planned to establish a secret homosexual society to rule the world, in conjunction with British general Charles George Gordon, and after Rhodes’ death, his executor Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner continued things, leading to appeasement of Hitler and much more. There are several problems with the theory such as a total lack of evidence: Rhodes had mentioned forming a secret society in his youth, as many boys and young men do, but there was no evidence he ever did, and Rhodes doesn’t seem to have used the phrase «new world order».^[7]

Its popularization among conspiracy theorists can be traced to over forty years ago, when the phrase appeared in the 1972 book None Dare Call It Conspiracy by John Birch Society writer Gary Allen. He claimed it to be the «code word» the International Communist Conspiracy^TM would use when they were ready to unveil their secret plans for a socialist world government. This book was widely read in right-wing conspiracy-minded circles during the 1970s, and is probably the source of the hysteria that later erupted over the term.

The notion of a New World Order came into the political mainstream following the end of the Cold War. Conspiracy theorists point to a speech by George H. W. Bush on September 11, 1990 (exactly 11 years before you-know-what) that popularised the term, but this was one of a series of speeches Bush made in 1990 and 1991 setting out what was variously called the New National Security Strategy or Aspen Strategy (after the location of one of his speeches), and Bush had drawn on similar rhetoric by Mikhail Gorbachev in the late 1980s.^[8] In a 1991 speech, Bush was explaining that, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States and Russia would cooperate rather than compete.^[9] All international relations experts agree that at that point, the old order of bipolarity had ended and a new system was coming into place. The exact nature of the new system has been greatly debated over the years.

As outlined below, the meaning for conspiracy theorists went in a different direction.

Meaning for conspiracy theorists[edit]

The New World Order conspiracy started as an extension of old John Birch Society conspiracy theories about the role of the United Nations. This theory claimed the UN was merely a tool of the Communists, and that the end goal was the complete subjugation of the United States to the United Nations. This would then set up a world government where all of the freedoms Americans hold dear would be abolished. Usually, top American officials were claimed to be in on the conspiracy.

As is usual with conspiracy theories, there are many contradictory variations on the theory. The most popular variation used to maintain that international bankers (a common code word for the Jews) were pulling the strings of both the US and USSR. Others of a more obvious racist bent flat-out said that Zionists were the ones responsible (like always). As many conspiracy theorists also believe the Jews are responsible for either the banks or Communism (or both), these three strands are often woven together into a completely ridiculous whole.

Supporters of this theory can say to a certain degree who is part of it, but no one can determine who isn’t part of the NWO. International organizations such as the World Bank, IMF, European Union, the United Nations, and NATO are often listed as core NWO organizations, and presidents and prime ministers of nations are routinely included in the conspiracy. A slightly different version of the NWO theory goes as far as saying these families and persons are all part of the same bloodline. Most prominent families such as the Rockefellers, Morgans, and Du Ponts, as well as European monarchs, are said to be important members as well. Specifically, the Rothschild family is often accused of being among the masterminds.

Some versions of the theory are just reworkings of the old Illuminati conspiracy theory, where a secret society is said to be working behind the scenes for world domination or some other nefarious purpose. Sometimes, the Illuminati may be explicitly mentioned in these versions of the theory. Other versions will reference more recent groups such as the Trilateral Commission and the Bilderberg Group (which, unlike the Illuminati, actually do exist), which are commonly mentioned. Freemasons are also regularly cited as perpetuating a conspiracy for world domination. The Pope, or the Roman Catholic Church in general, are believed by some to be orchestrating the NWO. Still others point to the Church of Scientology as the true culprits. Many other manifestations of the NWO theory characterize it as an international Jewish conspiracy, although many others see conspiracy leadership elsewhere and are not anti-Semitic (explicitly, at least). Famous crank and perennial candidate Lyndon LaRouche, for example, saw the British as the leaders of the conspiracy and the Jews merely as pawns of British power.

It is because the NWO has limitless power and is worldwide in reach that it can be alleged to have been behind just about any event anywhere. This makes it less of a conspiracy theory than a framework into which any conspiracy theory can be shoehorned (a «super-conspiracy theory»). This also commonly involves a belief in pseudohistories (usually ripped off from the cranks of yesteryear) in an attempt to explain the origins of the NWO. For example, more modern incarnations of the NWO theory often draw on older Freemason and Illuminati theories and claim that groups like the Bilderbergs grew out of these earlier conspiracies.

The conspiracy theory remained marginal until the 1990s and the growth of the Internet. At that point, theorists started to see Bill Clinton as the biggest pawn of the NWO. The events at both Ruby Ridge and Waco were considered part of the attempt to remove American liberties pursuant to an eventual takeover by either FEMA or the UN. During this era, the theory was most closely connected to certain paleoconservatives, and to the burgeoning militia movement. Pat Robertson gave a boost to belief in the theory with his 1992 book The New World Order. Increasingly preposterous variations on the theory proliferated during the early to mid-1990s, such as allegation that mysterious fleets of black helicopters were being prepared for military occupation of the U.S.

Out of one, many[edit]

As is typical of many conspiracy theories, there is not one theory, but several contradictory ones.

Because of this, we strongly recommend to get a NWO conspiracy theorist to explicitly state which particular «theory» they are backing, should you meet one. There are two reasons for this:

• Conspiracy theorists frequently don’t know much about their own theory, and consequently can’t give a direct answer — only that there must be a conspiracy.
• In the event that the person does have a clear idea, you obviously must know which one they support so as not to waste your time talking about another one.

Relation to Explanations of Actual, Real, Power Structures[edit]

In reality, there are power differences. There are forms of power, especially by Western governments and businesses in the form of: international organization bias, military interventions, economic exploitation, and dominant cultural exportation (Yeah Barbie!™). For more credible (but not universally agreed upon) theories or arguments of world power structures, see Wikipedia on «Core-Periphery Theory,» «Criticism of United Nations,» «Economic Exploitation,» and «Cultural Imperialism.»

The most striking difference between reality and the Conspiracy Theory is the CT’s idea that everyone with power is in strict collaboration. In actuality, there is much competition, backstabbing, and differing goals between Presidents, military leaders, business managers, and others in power. It is plausible (and often shown true) that world leaders are not always innocent or transparent and that leaders have more control than many people might prefer as evidenced in news leaks and controversies around the world.

NWO theories today[edit]

It is hard to imagine any US president giving up American sovereignty to any organization, particularly the UN. However, some especially paranoid conservatives and libertarians believed that once the Democrats came into power in 2008, it was only a matter of time until a socialist one-world government was instated and American sovereignty given up. Dissenters would naturally have to be controlled or eliminated somehow. The loss of Democratic Congressional power in the 2014 mid-term elections discredited that idea, and the paranoid conservatives were somewhat silenced.

It is believed that there are to be numerous internment camps^[10] located within the United States and that these internment camps will start being seen as signs before any action is taken. These camps are to be used to store any Americans who protest or give any sort of fight against the Secret Service Guard that is to be used to control the population and new laws.

The version found on the religious right mixes the conservative tropes with biblical end times prophecies. The general theme is that the anti-christ will come to Earth as the head of the UN and use it to implement a world government and one world religion, which will either be theistic Satanism, atheism, or a New Age belief, depending on which conspiracy theorist you listen to. The prophecies of revelations are of immense relevance here. Anyone who rejects the Mark of the Beast will be sent to die in FEMA camps. Texe Marrs, Mark Dice, and Alex Jones are the main proponents of this theory today, though this isn’t counting the many vocal supporters with a high number of followers on YouTube. They generally consider the more high-profile supporters who stay off their rabbit hole to be huge shills for the NWO.^{[note 1]}

From liberals[edit]

In the most recent, more liberal version, instead of the UN taking sovereignty away from the US, the US (through the UN) plans to conquer the entire world. The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan are thus believed to be the first stages in that plan. In this version, it is the neocons who are the masters behind the NWO. An adherent to this theory is Latin-American rapper Immortal Technique.

Another version of this from the left stems from the anti-globalization movement, in which transnational corporations will implement global corporate governance.^[11] This form of the conspiracy is where left and right often bleed together as right-wing populist and producerist views oppose globalization as well. This can be seen in third positionism and the political campaigns of Lyndon LaRouche.

There are real power structures, non-transparency, etc. Many of these fringe interpretations of world affairs overlap with more accepted theories/models. See above «Relation to Actual, Real World Power Structures.»

UFOs and the NWO[edit]

The New World Order conspiracy has gained currency within the UFO sub-culture as well. In this form of the conspiracy, the aliens are actually in control of the secret cabal running the NWO or are shapeshifters taking the form of world leaders. This also usually involves theorized cover-ups of Area 51, Roswell, and the forged «Majestic 12» documents as part of the NWO conspiracy.

Claims Of Evidence[edit]

Much of the imagined evidence for the theory rests on the symbolism found on various items, such as the Great Seal of the United States and other items on the US one dollar bill, and their supposed connections with ancient symbols of evil or the Masons. The phrase «novus ordo seclorum,» which appears on the Great Seal and one dollar bill, is often mistranslated as «new world order» or «new secular order» in order to boost this theory, but the actual translation is «new order of the ages.» Company logos have been associated with the NWO for something as little as a triangle, eye, or compass.

Much is often made of the recurrence of 13, which is connected to the ancient witches’ covens or the Masons. Other examples include strange murals in the Denver International Airport, Masonic signs on buildings (particularly in Washington DC) and pentagrams worked into city plans.

This, of course, neglects the importance of the 13 Colonies to the founders of the United States. On the other hand, this could be subject to still more paranoia. The question of why an organisation bent on ruling the world without anybody knowing would then proceed to plaster its logo over everything is generally ignored.

The lack of concrete evidence of plotting or of actions taken by the NWO is usually ascribed to the skill of the plotters in covering up such activities.

Most of the evidence provided is frivolous, or simply batshit insane. For example, in a (since deleted) video^[12] «exposing» the ancient cult of Saturn (which is somehow linked to the NWO, who are apparently «Satan worshippers»^[13] or something, because the word Saturn kinda sounds like Satan according to David Icke),^[14] the first thing shown is a children’s game with cubes worshipping a rainbow cube, which supposedly resembles the «Black Cube of Saturn»^[15] (referring to the center of Saturn’s hexagon, which according to wingnuts is a Satanic shrine). The rainbow cube, while giving the speech, is standing on three children’s blocks with the letters «NWO».

Taking commonplace shapes like cubes and pyramids and linking them to pretty much everything that’s ever existed is apparently de rigueur for conspiracies these days.^[16]

Rejection[edit]

The idea that the US, as well as a lot of other countries and supranational organizations, which are notoriously bad at keeping secrets,^{[note 2]} would be able to hide a conspiracy of this magnitude sounds like a joke at best. Furthermore, the phrase itself was popularised by a publicly televised speech made in front of a joint session of Congress by the POTUS; so much for a secret conspiracy, or for not trusting what politicians say. When one further considers the current antipathy felt between some of the leaders of the UN and the US and you have a theory that really is laughable. The US and UN cannot even agree on any of the basic accords that come before the UN, with the US often either trying to push activities that the rest of the UN blocks or else vetoing activities that the rest of the UN believes in.^{[note 3]}

In order to explain the above, believers claim that the US deliberately humiliated itself by releasing its own secrets in an effort to give the impression that it can’t keep them — and this is a cover for the real secrets which it can keep. A similar argument is made about the antipathy felt between the leaders of the UN and the US.

Yes, they seriously claim that all evidence to the contrary is disinformation. This means that the theory is impossible to falsify.

Other caveats are that:

• Even if the NWO was established and everyone was under the same flag/religion/whatever, it remains to be seen how long it would last before breaking apart due to massive civil unrest (a single country is one thing; an entire planet is something else entirely), and/or internal dissensions, for whatever reasons, between its rulers — unless of course they used magical mind control devices able to affect everyone on Earth, including perhaps themselves.^{[note 4]}

• Some versions of the conspiracy say the global government will establish what is basically a neo-liberal regime. So far so good… until someone sees these versions are often proposed by libertarians. So what’s the point?

… But then again, that’s what they want you to think, isn’t it?

New World Order Bible Prophecy[edit]

When you look into NWO conspiracy theories most, if not all, have Bible-Thumping in them. This comes from a page in the Book of Revelation, stating a New World Order will occur for seven years, and then Jesus returns and defeats the Antichrist, and then we all live happily ever after (except for a brief list of people). So let’s say the NWO theory IS right, and it happens. Would it obviously prove the Bible? No. That would be an example of Affirming the consequent. Yes, the Bible states there will be a NWO, but just because one happens does not mean the entire Bible automatically is true. In whole, this is the argument presented by conspiratards:

• If the Bible is true, then There will be a New World Order.

• There will be a New World Order.

• Therefore the Bible is true.

This type of argument can be shown as fallacious as using a similar argument:

• If it is sunny today, I’ll get a haircut.

• I’m going to get a haircut.

• Therefore, because I’ll get a haircut, it is sunny today.

The same applies for the Qur’an thumpers.

David Icke doesn’t fall for this argument, which makes most conspiracy theorists hate him. Take a guess on how they react.

Crime[edit]

In May 2019, an FBI memo from the Phoenix Field Office designated several political conspiracy theories (QAnon, Pizzagate, HAARP, New World Order, Sandy Hook massacre) as domestic threats with the potential to incite violence.^[17][18] As evidence, the FBI cited arrests for criminal activities associated with the conspiracy theories.^[18]

See also[edit]

• Council on Foreign Relations
• Mark Dice
• Dispensationalism
• End times
• Federal Reserve
• David Icke
• Illuminati, who they are often confused with
• Infowars and Alex Jones, for all the latest news about NWO implementation
• Jesus Is Savior (please don’t access the website jesus-is-savior.com if you’re not into severe self-harm)
• List of conspiracy theories
• Moral panic
• Fun:New World Order drinking game
• North American Union
• One world government
• One world religion
• Luke Rudkowski
• Smoloko News (a so called news website that thinks Jews are behind everything and anything including NWO)
• Targeted Individuals, i.e. those that the NWO keeps harassing out of pure malice
• Useless eaters, who the NWO will eventually get rid of
• ZOG

Want to read this in another language?[edit]

External links[edit]

• Infowars, a conspiracy theorist website about the New World Order.
• Newworldorderwar, Wingnut ravings about the «New World Order Agenda».
• The Brotherhood and the Manipulation of Society, a fairly typical variation of the theory, with some spiritual woo thrown in too.
• «Conjuring order: The new world order and conspiracy theories of globalization» by Alisdair Spark. (Found in The age of anxiety: conspiracy theory and the human sciences, ed. Jane Parish)
• Patriot Paranoia: A Look at the Top Ten Conspiracy Theories, Southern Poverty Law Center
• Rage Grows in America: Anti-Government Conspiracy Theories, Anti-Defamation League report, Nov. 2009
• Christians & Conspiracy Theories: A Call to Repentance (theological debunking of the Christian brand of the theories)
• Death to the New World Order, BBC
• Interview with Michal Barkun
• NWO Report, Drudge-Style Digital Curation Site About The New World Order.

Parodies[edit]

• The Beaver Militia
• Yahoo Answers — Yes, Virginia there is a New World Order
• Uncyclopedia’s parody of the New World Order.

Notes[edit]

References[edit]