What is italicized word

Last Update: Jan 03, 2023

This is a question our experts keep getting from time to time. Now, we have got the complete detailed explanation and answer for everyone, who is interested!


Asked by: Prof. Adrian Doyle IV

Score: 4.1/5
(60 votes)

The History Behind Italics

Italics is when a typeface is slanted to the right. … Italics are used to distinguish words from other parts of the text and draw attention. Like underlining, it can create emphasis; therefore, you wouldn’t want to both underline and italicize the same word.

What does italicizing text mean?

Italics have several uses. Most commonly, italics are used for emphasis or contrast — that is, to draw attention to some particular part of a text. … This is the standard way of representing emphasis or contrast; you should not try to use quotation marks or other punctuation marks for this purpose.

What does Italicizing a word do?

When you italicize your writing, you print or type in the slanted letters called «italics.» You can italicize a word in a sentence when you want to emphasize it. … Print that you italicize usually slopes from left to right, and it resembles script or cursive writing.

What is italic example?

Italics are typically used to show emphasis (For example: “I don’t care what he thinks. I do what I want!”) or to indicate titles of stand-alone works (Black Panther, Lost in Translation). Different style guides have different rules about what to italicize.

How do you italicize a text?

To make text italic, select and highlight the text first. Then hold down Ctrl (the control key) on the keyboard and then press the I on the keyboard. To underline text, select and highlight the text first. Then hold down Ctrl (the control key) on the keyboard and then press the U on the keyboard.

27 related questions found

Do you use bold text on iPhone?

You can’t freely bold text in an iPhone text message, but you can give each of your texts a bold subject line. Giving your iPhone texts a bold subject line can be a great way to help your messages stand out.

How do you make text bold?

To make your selected text bold or start writing text in bold, press the Crtl + B keys on your keyboard. To make your selected text italic or start writing text in italic, press the Ctrl + I keys on your keyboard.

What are the italic words?

Italic is a typeface or font style that slants to the right. Most writers use italic type to emphasize certain words or phrases. You can use the word italic as a noun or an adjective, usually in the form «italic type,» or italics. Either way, it describes the kind of cursive-styled typeface that leans at an angle.

What does italic font look like?

An italic font is a cursive, slanted typeface. A font is a specific size, style, and weight of a typeface used in printing and writing. When we keyboard text, we typically use a roman font, where the text is upright. By comparison, an italic font is slightly slanted to the right.

When should I use italics in writing?

When to Use Italics in Your Writing

  1. To emphasize something.
  2. For titles of standalone works, such as books and movies.
  3. For vehicle names, such as ships.
  4. To show that a word is borrowed from another language.
  5. For the Latin “scientific” names of plant and animal species.

Why are words italicized in the Bible?

That is, the italics enable the reader to distinguish between words found in the manuscripts of the Hebrew Old Testament and the Greek New Testament that actually translate into English, and words that were necessarily added to make sense in English.

What is bold used for?

Bold strongly stands out from regular text, and is often used to highlight keywords important to the text’s content. For example, printed dictionaries often use boldface for their keywords, and the names of entries can conventionally be marked in bold.

Do you put quotes in italics in an essay?

Italics are used for large works, names of vehicles, and movie and television show titles. Quotation marks are reserved for sections of works, like the titles of chapters, magazine articles, poems, and short stories. Let’s look at these rules in detail, so you’ll know how to do this in the future when writing.

What is italicized APA?

In APA, use italics for titles of books, scholarly journals, periodicals, films, videos, television shows, and microfilm publications. Quotation marks or italics are not required for articles, webpages, songs, episodes, etc.

Where do you use italic fonts?

Italics are used primarily to denote titles and names of particular works or objects in order to allow that title or name to stand out from the surrounding sentence. Italics may also be used for emphasis in writing, but only rarely.

Are italics a font?

A typeface with letters slanted slightly to the right. Italic type is used to emphasize words as well as for decoration. Most, but not all, fonts have an italic typeface. Many fonts come in normal, bold, italic and bold italic variations.

What is non italic called?

The technical name for non-italic fonts is roman or romanized, so this is probably your best choice from the options you’ve given.

How do I make my iPhone text bold?

Open the Settings app . In the Settings app, select Accessibility from the list. On the Accessibility screen, select Display & Text Size. On the Display & Text Size screen, select Bold Text to set the toggle switch to On.

Why would you format text before you start typing?

Formatting is the fine art of making your documents effective and attractive. Good formatting distinguishes different parts of your text and helps your readers take in your message. You can apply formatting to just about every element of your document, from a single character to entire paragraphs.

How do I make text bold in notepad?

How to change font in Notepad and apply bold/italic styles?

  1. Goto Menu: Format -> Select Font.
  2. Select Differnt Font & Font styles (Regular/Italic/Bold/Bold Italic)
  3. Check the Preview in Sample section:
  4. Click OK.

Can you strikethrough text on iPhone?

Tap and hold the text to select the line in which you wish to strike through. The in-context marking menu will appear. Drag either of the blue bookends to the left or right to narrow or widen your text selection. Tap the strikethrough S icon from the in-context marking menu.

How do you highlight text on an iPhone?

How to quickly select text

  1. While editing text, quickly double tap on the word that you want to select to highlight it.
  2. Swipe left or right along that line, near the beginning or end of the highlighted text, to select more text to the left or right. …
  3. If you want to select a sentence, perform a triple tap on a word.

How do you underline text on iPhone?

Douple-tap to select the text and bring up the context menu, then press the right arrow. You’ll see options to bold, italicize and underline your text.

What’s the most famous quote?

The Most Famous Quotes

  • “Fortune favors the bold.” – Virgil. Life is what happens when you’re busy making other plans. …
  • “Time is money.” – Benjamin Franklin. …
  • “I came, I saw, I conquered.” – Julius Caesar. …
  • “When life gives you lemons, make lemonade.” – Elbert Hubbard. …
  • “If you want to be happy, be.” – Leo Tolstoy.

How do you properly cite a quote?

In-text citations include the last name of the author followed by a page number enclosed in parentheses. «Here’s a direct quote» (Smith 8). If the author’s name is not given, then use the first word or words of the title. Follow the same formatting that was used in the Works Cited list, such as quotation marks.

What are Italics?

In the art of written text, italic is a type of font based on a stylized form of calligraphy. More so, it is a type of style where the letters are slanted upward to the right.

The English language dictionary describes italics as letters that lean to the right.

How to italicize

Italicized words are usually achieved by writing letters slanting upwards to the right. To italicize a word when typing, select and highlight the text first. Then, hold down the control key on the keyboard and then press the I on the keyboard.

What does it mean when a word is italicized?

To italicize is to write words in italics. Italics in text are for calling attention to certain words in a sentence. Other reasons for using italicized words are:

  • To provide emphasis

1. A word can be written in italics in a sentence to emphasize it.

Example:

The robbers stole ten cars.

Here, ten is italicized to emphasize the number of cars stolen.

2. To show contrast

Having a word italicized can show contrast between two words or phrases,. You might want to italicize that phrase so that your readers don’t miss it.

Example:

I managed to italicize not ten but twenty words.

Using italics to provide emphasis or show contrast is only accepted in informal writing. Most style guidelines advise against italicizing, especially in formal, professional or academic writing. In most cases, it’s preferable to use syntax ( arrangement of phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language) to emphasize your point in these scenarios.

3. For titles of works

Italics are also commonly used to write titles of songs, plays, movies,  newspapers, magazines and albums. Italicizing book titles is also a common use. Book titles italics will let you know the name of the book, right away, after reading the sentence.

Examples:

I read an interesting article in the New York Times today

Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeare’s best reads.

One of my favorite albums is the beetle’s album revolver.

4. For non-English words

When writing a non- English word in an English sentence, we use italics to denote the word or words.

Example: 

The Latin word binomial nomenclature is used in Biology language.

5. For biological names

Biological names such as species and genus names are always italicized.

Example:

Homo sapiens belong to the human species

Also note that in writing biological words, the first word is capitalized but the second one is not.

6. With names of cars, boats and other man-made  vessels

We italicize man-made vessels put in a sentence. However, if it is a brand name such as Ford or Corvette, do not italicize.

Examples:

The Titanic sank a long time ago.

We boarded the Boeing when we were traveling.

7. In place of quotation marks

Content that was meant to be in quotation marks can be italicized instead and still maintain the same meaning

Example: The word “italics” comes from a Greek word meaning “Italy”.

You would also consider having it as

The word italics comes from a Greek word meaning Italy.

8. English dictionary examples

Examples are in italics to after defining a word.

The examples of how to use the defined word in a sentence are italicized.

9. References in the Chicago and MLA style

We italicize the references of written content on the last page of articles.

10. To denote legal cases. 

When naming a legal case in a paper, italicize the case title. You should also italicize the legal case name on your works cited page or bibliography.

Example:

The famous case of Gideon v. Wainwright was a landmark in American legal history.

Are anime titles italicized?

We italicize anime titles if they refer to the name of an anime movie or book. The dictionary will also italicize anime titles when they mention them.

There are some rules to be followed when using italics in  English

1.Try not to use italics for too many different reasons in a single document.

For instance, if the document has a lot of titles and foreign words, you may want to find a different way of creating emphasis.

2. If you italicize a word or any part of a document, do it consistently.

For example, if you’re using italics for loan words in one part of an essay, every other loan word would have to be italicized.

3. There are certain titles of things that all style guides agree we should not italicize, if ever used in a sentence.

Examples:

  • Award titles (Best Actress)
  • Commercial products (Coca-cola)
  • Public documents (Bill of Rights)
  • Legal documents (Child custody)
  • Names of artifacts (Mona Lisa Painting)
  • Names of buildings (Twin Towers)
  • Political documents (Declaration of Independence)
  • Scriptures of major religions (the Bible, the Quran)
  • Software (Mozilla Firefox)
  • Traditional games(checkers)

4. Don’t italicize or capitalize the word “the” at the beginning of titles. 

Even if “the” is part of the official name, such as “The Times Magazine,” most style guides recommend that you do not capitalize or italicize “the” when it comes at the beginning of a title.

Example:

Did you read today’s copy of the Times Magazine?

What is italicized word example?

Italics can emphasize a single word or phrase. For example: “Are you going to eat that?” or “I never said I wanted to go. I said I would consider it.”

What does an italicized word look like?

Most word processors can produce italics, which are slanted letters — like these. If you can’t produce italics, the conventional substitute is to use underlining — like this. Italics have several uses.

Which words should be italicized?

Titles of full works like books or newspapers should be italicized. Titles of short works like poems, articles, short stories, or chapters should be put in quotation marks. Titles of books that form a larger body of work may be put in quotation marks if the name of the book series is italicized.

What is an example of italic?

The definition of italic is a type style where the letters are slanted upward to the right, or something that relates to ancient Italy. An example of an italic font is the font used to emphasize the name of a book. An example of Italic is the ancient history of Italy.

What is italic sentence?

When you italicize your writing, you print or type in the slanted letters called “italics.” You can italicize a word in a sentence when you want to emphasize it. Print that you italicize usually slopes from left to right, and it resembles script or cursive writing.

When should I use italics in writing?

Italics are used primarily to denote titles and names of particular works or objects in order to allow that title or name to stand out from the surrounding sentence. Italics may also be used for emphasis in writing, but only rarely.

How do you use italics in text?

Use Italics when you want to emphasize a certain word or phrase. A common use for italics is to draw attention to a particular part of a text in order to provide emphasis. If something is important or shocking, you might want to italicize that word or phrase so that your readers don’t miss it.

What is an example of emphasis?

The definition of emphasis is special attention put on something to give it importance. An example of emphasis is bolding the font of a particular word in a document to bring attention to it. An example of emphasis is a woman wearing a low cut shirt in order to bring attention to her cleavage.

How do you show emphasis in text?

Still, especially for academic writing, italics or underlining is the preferred way to emphasize words or phrases when necessary. Writers usually choose one or the other method and use it consistently throughout an individual essay. In the final, published version of an article or book, italics are usually used.

What is emphasis words in English?

Emphasis is extra force that you put on a syllable, word, or phrase when you are speaking in order to make it seem more important. ‘I might have known it!’ Miss Burnett said with emphasis. The emphasis is on the first syllable of the last word. Synonyms: stress, accent, accentuation, force More Synonyms of emphasis.

Where do you put emphasis in a sentence?

Emphasis sentence example

  • There was an emphasis on student participation.
  • The school had an emphasis on collaborative learning.
  • His great emphasis is on the past.
  • There was an emphasis on the importance of full cost recovery.
  • It must not mislead by distortion, undue emphasis or omission.

What’s the opposite of emphasis?

What is the opposite of emphasis?

de-emphasis underemphasis
underestimation understatement
diminishment undermining
lessening playing down
glossing over

What is another word for emphasis in art?

Subordination is used to describe the secondary or accent elements of the artwork. While artists emphasize the focal point, they can also de-emphasize the other elements to ensure the main subject stands out.

What is the opposite of emphasis?

Opposite of to emphasize, stress, or indicate the importance of. understate. downplay. underemphasize. underplay.

What is an example of emphasis in art?

Usually, it involves contrasting different elements against each other. For example, a bright, red object will stand out amongst a dull gray background. Or a straight line amongst curved lines.

How do you show emphasis in art?

How to create areas of emphasis in your paintings

  1. Contrast a shape with its surroundings.
  2. Create a contrast of temperature.
  3. Use a darker or lighter value.
  4. Focus attention with converging lines.
  5. Isolate the object you want to emphasize.
  6. Increase an object’s intensity of color.

What are the two major types of visual emphasis?

There are two major types of visual emphasis. In the first type, an element of art such as color, shape, or texture dominates the work. In the second type of emphasis, an area dominates the entire artwork. The area an artist chooses to emphasize in a work of art becomes the focal point.

Which is the best definition of emphasis?

1a : force or intensity of expression that gives impressiveness or importance to something. b : a particular prominence given in reading or speaking to one or more words or syllables. 2 : special consideration of or stress or insistence on something.

What are the three types of balance?

There are three different types of balance: symmetrical, asymmetrical and radial. The human figure in this diagram is symmetrically balanced; the same on the left and right sides of a central axis.

What are the types of balancing?

There are three different types of balance: Symmetrical, asymmetrical and radial.

What is balancing and its types?

There are three types of unbalance: Static unbalance – is where the mass axis is displaced only parallel to the shaft axis. The unbalance is corrected only in one axial plane. Couple unbalance – is where the mass axis intersects the running axis. For example: a disk that has swash run-out with no static unbalance.

What do you mean by field balancing?

Field balancing is a technique used to balance a rotating part in place without removing the part from the machine. The advantages of field balancing are apparent, in that time can be saved by not removing the rotating part from the machine and sending it to a shop for balancing.

What is mean by balancing?

1. balancing – getting two things to correspond; “the reconciliation of his checkbook and the bank statement” reconciliation. equalisation, equalization, leveling – the act of making equal or uniform.

What is called balanced?

(Entry 1 of 2) : being in a state of balance : having different parts or elements properly or effectively arranged, proportioned, regulated, considered, etc.


Asked by: Sylvester Ziemann

Score: 4.3/5
(50 votes)

In typography, italic type is a cursive font based on a stylised form of calligraphic handwriting. Owing to the influence from calligraphy, italics normally slant slightly to the right.

What does italicized mean example?

Italics are typically used to show emphasis (For example: “I don’t care what he thinks. I do what I want!”) or to indicate titles of stand-alone works (Black Panther, Lost in Translation). Different style guides have different rules about what to italicize.

What does an italicized word mean?

When you italicize your writing, you print or type in the slanted letters called «italics.» You can italicize a word in a sentence when you want to emphasize it. … Print that you italicize usually slopes from left to right, and it resembles script or cursive writing.

What should be italicized in text?

Titles of full works like books or newspapers should be italicized. Titles of short works like poems, articles, short stories, or chapters should be put in quotation marks. Titles of books that form a larger body of work may be put in quotation marks if the name of the book series is italicized.

What are italicized used for?

Italics are used primarily to denote titles and names of particular works or objects in order to allow that title or name to stand out from the surrounding sentence. Italics may also be used for emphasis in writing, but only rarely.

28 related questions found

Do you italicize authors names?

The author or authors’ name or names are never italicized. Adhering to the rules of capitalization, authors’ names are written in the normal way. … The one exception to this is when an author’s name forms part of a book or play title, such as in this made-up example, After Jane Austen Wrote and Came to Dinner.

Should quotes be italicized?

quotation marks in titles is simpler than you think. In general, the rule is: Italics – longer works and collections of works (e.g. novels, albums, movies, newspapers) Quotation marks – shorter works and pieces of longer works (e.g. short stories, songs, poems, articles)

Do you italicize newspaper names?

Journals and Magazines

The title of the periodical (journal, magazine, or newspaper) is italicized. The title of the article or work is enclosed in quotations.

What does italics look like?

An italic font is a cursive, slanted typeface. A font is a specific size, style, and weight of a typeface used in printing and writing. When we keyboard text, we typically use a roman font, where the text is upright. By comparison, an italic font is slightly slanted to the right.

Why are certain words italicized in the Bible?

That is, the italics enable the reader to distinguish between words found in the manuscripts of the Hebrew Old Testament and the Greek New Testament that actually translate into English, and words that were necessarily added to make sense in English.

Are Italics a font?

In typography, italic type is a cursive font based on a stylised form of calligraphic handwriting. … Italics are a way to emphasise key points in a printed text, to identify many types of creative works, to cite foreign words or phrases, or, when quoting a speaker, a way to show which words they stressed.

What does italic mean in computer?

A typeface with letters slanted slightly to the right. Italic type is used to emphasize words as well as for decoration. Most, but not all, fonts have an italic typeface.

How do I write in italics in Word?

To make your selected text italic or start writing text in italic, press the Ctrl + I keys on your keyboard. To make your selected text underlined or start writing underlined text, press the Ctrl + U keys on your keyboard.

Is the Gettysburg Address italicized?

Use italics for the titles of movies, videos, plays, television and radio programs, operas, long poems, long musical works, works of art, and published speeches. … Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address is one of the most moving speeches of all time. The Mona Lisa hangs in the Louvre in Paris.

Are magazines italicized?

Publications. … Titles of books, journals, magazines, plays, newspapers, and freestanding publications are italicized when quoted in text or bibliography. Always preserve original spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, and punctuation.

Is NPR italicized?

No, you should not italicize the names of television channels or radio stations.

Is Ted talk italicized?

Italicize the titles of comic books, manga, and graphic novels, but put the titles of individual comic strips in quotation marks. Only italicize very long UTube videos such as hour long TED Talks. The short ones go in quotation marks. In general, always defer to the publication’s choices.

Do children’s books get italicized?

Italicize the title of a book, but write the title of a short story or novella, or chapter of a book, inside quotation marks. (A children’s picture book, although not long, is still a book and is treated as such: Fox in Socks, not “Fox in Socks.”)

Are books italicized in Chicago style?

In keeping with the Chicago Manual of Style, italicize and capitalize titles of full-length, freestanding works: books, periodicals (magazines, journals, etc.) … Also see Capitalization.

How do you write in italics?

Press the «Ctrl» and «I» keys simultaneously to type in italics if you are using word processing software such as Microsoft Word or an email client such as Microsoft Outlook. Press «Ctrl» and «I» again to revert to normal text.

How do you italicize text in discord?

How to Bold in Discord

  1. For italics, put text between a pair of single asterisks, as in *italics* .
  2. For bold, put text between two pairs asterisks, as in **bold** .
  3. For bold italics, put text between two sets of three asterisks, as in ***bold italics*** .

What is underline text?

An underline is a section of text in a document where the words have a line running beneath them. For example, this text should be underlined. Underlined text is commonly used to help draw attention to text. … Create underline text in HTML. Create underline text in a word processor, such as Microsoft Word.

How do you show italics in plain text?

How do you show italics in plain text?

  1. Insert a slash character before and after the word or phrase. Example: /This is important/
  2. Enclose the word or phrase in asterisks to signify bolded type. Example: *This is important*
  3. Type underline characters before and after the word or phrase to mimic underscoring.

How do I italicize on my Chromebook?

To make text italic, select and highlight the text first. Then hold down Ctrl (the control key) on the keyboard and then press the I on the keyboard. To underline text, select and highlight the text first. Then hold down Ctrl (the control key) on the keyboard and then press the U on the keyboard.

When you italicize your writing, you print or type in the slanted letters called “italics.” You can italicize a word in a sentence when you want to emphasize it. People italicize for various reasons: they might italicize the title of a book, or a section of dialogue that’s yelled by a character in a story.

How do you reference a company name in an essay?

To reference a company’s name in APA style, you can simply input the name of the company within the paper. For instance, if you’re citing a quote, example or statistic from IBM, then in your paper, you can say, “according to IBM” or whatever company it is you’re mentioning. You can also use a parenthetical citation.

What is meant by wrist watch?

: a small watch that is attached to a bracelet or strap and is worn around the wrist.

What is the antonym of italicized?

What is the opposite of italicized?

de-emphasized concealed
denied hid
hidden ignored
lost mumbled
neglected reduced

What is the synonyms of light emitting?

What is another word for emitting light?

burning shining
flickering glistening
glinting flaring
dazzling blazing
illuminating incandescing

What’s another word for countryside?

In this page you can discover 18 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for countryside, like: rural area, farmland, urban, coutryside, rural district, country, , wildlife, woodland, moorland and forest.

What word does countryside not correspond?

Option c is the correct answer. That is, big city is not a synonym of countryside.

How would you describe countryside?

Here are some adjectives for countryside: heroically rugged, peaceful, open, peaceful, semi-rural, part-normal, still yellow and brown, placid, lush, arid, sunny, fragrant, picturesque, southern nighttime, almost unspoiled, suddenly nomadic, rugged romanian, quiet mountainous, unspoiled, fertile, gentle, fertile.

How do you use countryside in a sentence?

I use a mosquito net when I lived in the countryside.

  1. Railway lines crisscross the countryside.
  2. The countryside was flat, dull and uninteresting.
  3. Development has affected vast swathes of our countryside.
  4. The countryside looks its best in October.
  5. The countryside has been denuded by war.

What’s the difference between country and countryside?

If you do, it’ll say that countryside means the land and scenery of a rural area. Whereas the term the country means a location situated somewhere far away from a major metropolitan area. Living in the country is the opposite of living in the city.

Why is it called the countryside?

countryside (n.) “section of a country, piece of land,” mid-15c., perhaps literally “one side of a country,” from country + side (n.); hence, “any tract of land having a natural unity” (1727). Meaning “inhabitants of a district or section” is from 1840.

Is a country a region?

A country may be an independent sovereign state or part of a larger state, as a non-sovereign or formerly sovereign political division, a physical territory with a government, or a geographic region associated with sets of previously independent or differently associated people with distinct political characteristics.

What are 2 regions in the world?

The eight official DHS-recognized global regions on the world map are Africa, Asia, Europe and Oceania in the Eastern hemisphere and the Caribbean and the three American zones (North, Central and South) in the Western hemisphere.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about printing. For the handwriting style, see Italic script.

Ludovico Arrighi’s early «chancery italic» typeface, c. 1527. At that time italic was only used for the lower case and not for capitals.

In typography, italic type is a cursive font based on a stylised form of calligraphic handwriting.[1][2][3] Along with blackletter and roman type, it served as one of the major typefaces in the history of Western typography.

Owing to the influence from calligraphy, italics normally slant slightly to the right, like this. Different glyph shapes from roman type are usually used – another influence from calligraphy – and upper-case letters may have swashes, flourishes inspired by ornate calligraphy.

Historically, italics were a distinct style of type used entirely separately from roman type, but they have come to be used in conjunction—most fonts now come with a roman type and an italic type. In this usage, italics are a way to emphasise key points in a printed text, to identify many types of creative works, to cite foreign words or phrases, or, when quoting a speaker, a way to show which words they stressed. One manual of English usage described italics as «the print equivalent of underlining»; in other words, underscore in a manuscript directs a typesetter to use italic.[4]

In fonts which do not have true italics, oblique type may be used instead. The difference between true italics and oblique type is that true italics have some letterforms different from the roman type, but in oblique type letters are just slanted without changing the roman type form.

The name comes from the fact that calligraphy-inspired typefaces were first designed in Italy, to replace documents traditionally written in a handwriting style called chancery hand. Aldus Manutius and Ludovico Arrighi (both between the 15th and 16th centuries) were the main type designers involved in this process at the time.

History[edit]

Sample of Niccoli’s cursive script, which developed into Italic type.

Catherine of Siena, Epistole («Letters»), published in Venice by Aldo Manuzio in September 1500:[5] illustrated table in which appear the first words ever printed in italics: iesus, inside the heart in the left hand and iesu dolce iesu amore inside the book in the right hand.[6]

Aldus Manutius’ italic, in a 1501 edition of Virgil.[7] The initial is hand-lettered.

Italic type was first used by Aldus Manutius and his press in Venice in 1500.[8]

Manutius intended his italic type to be used not for emphasis but for the text of small, easily carried editions of popular books (often poetry), replicating the style of handwritten manuscripts of the period. The choice of using italic type, rather than the roman type in general use at the time, was apparently made to suggest informality in editions designed for leisure reading.[a] Manutius’ italic type was cut by his punchcutter Francesco Griffo (who later following a dispute with Manutius claimed to have conceived it). It replicated handwriting of the period following from the style of Niccolò de’ Niccoli, possibly even Manutius’ own.[9][10]

The first use in a complete volume was a 1501 edition of Virgil dedicated to Italy, although it had been briefly used in the frontispiece of a 1500 edition of Catherine of Siena’s letters.[11] In 1501, Aldus wrote to his friend Scipio:

We have printed, and are now publishing, the Satires of Juvenal and Persius in a very small format, so that they may more conveniently be held in the hand and learned by heart (not to speak of being read) by everyone.

Manutius’ italic was different in some ways from modern italics, being conceived for the specific use of replicating the layout of contemporary calligraphers like Pomponio Leto and Bartolomeo Sanvito. The capital letters were upright capitals on the model of Roman square capitals, shorter than the ascending lower-case italic letters, and were used at the start of each line followed by a clear space before the first lower-case letter.[12] While modern italics are often more condensed than roman types, historian Harry Carter describes Manutius’ italic as about the same width as roman type.[13] To replicate handwriting, Griffo cut at least sixty-five tied letters (ligatures) in the Aldine Dante and Virgil of 1501.[12] Italic typefaces of the following century used varying but reduced numbers of ligatures.[12]

Italic type rapidly became very popular and was widely (and inaccurately) imitated. The Venetian Senate gave Aldus exclusive right to its use, a patent confirmed by three successive Popes, but it was widely counterfeited as early as 1502.[14] Griffo, who had left Venice in a business dispute, cut a version for printer Girolamo «Gershom» Soncino, and other copies appeared in Italy and in Lyons. The Italians called the character Aldino, while others called it Italic. Italics spread rapidly; historian H. D. L. Vervliet dates the first production of italics in Paris to 1512.[8][12] Some printers of Northern Europe used home-made supplements to add characters not used in Italian, or mated it to alternative capitals, including Gothic ones.[8][12]

Jan van Krimpen’s Cancelleresca Bastarda, a twentieth-century revival of the chancery italic style.

Besides imitations of Griffo’s italic and its derivatives, a second wave appeared of «chancery» italics, most popular in Italy, which Vervliet describes as being based on «a more deliberate and formal handwriting [with] longer ascenders and descenders, sometimes with curved or bulbous terminals, and [often] only available in the bigger sizes.»[8][15][16] Chancery italics were introduced around 1524 by Arrighi, a calligrapher and author of a calligraphy textbook who began a career as a printer in Rome, and also by Giovanni Antonio Tagliente of Venice, with imitations rapidly appearing in France by 1528.[13] Chancery italics faded as a style over the course of the sixteenth century, although revivals were made beginning in the twentieth century.[b] Chancery italics may have backward-pointing serifs or round terminals pointing forwards on the ascenders.[15]

Italic capitals with a slope were introduced in the sixteenth century. The first printer known to have used them was Johann or Johannes Singriener in Vienna in 1524, and the practice spread to Germany, France and Belgium.[8][23] Particularly influential in the switch to sloped capitals as a general practice was Robert Granjon, a prolific and extremely precise French punchcutter particularly renowned for his skill in cutting italics.[8] Vervliet comments that among punchcutters in France «the main name associated with the change is Granjon’s.»[8]

The evolution of use of italic to show emphasis happened in the sixteenth century and was a clear norm by the seventeenth. The trend of presenting types as matching in typefounders’ specimens developed also over this period.[24] Italics developed stylistically over the following centuries, tracking changing tastes in calligraphy and type design.[25][26][27] One major development that slowly became popular from the end of the seventeenth century was a switch to an open form h matching the n, a development seen in the Romain du roi type of the 1690s, replacing the folded, closed-form h of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century italics, and sometimes simplification of the entrance stroke.[28][29]

Examples[edit]

True italic styles are traditionally somewhat narrower than roman fonts. Here is an example of normal (roman) and true italics text:

Example text set in both roman and italic type

In oblique text, the same type is used as in normal type, but slanted to the right:

Usage[edit]

A common view of when to use italics and bold text. An additional option for emphasis is to use small capitals for a word or name to stand out.[30][31]

  • Emphasis: «Smith wasn’t the only guilty party, it’s true». This is called stress in speech.
  • The titles of works that stand by themselves, such as books (including those within a larger series), albums, paintings, plays, television shows, movies, and periodicals: «He wrote his thesis on The Scarlet Letter«. Works that appear within larger works, such as short stories, poems, newspaper articles, songs, and television episodes are not italicised, but merely set off in quotation marks. When italics are unavailable, such as on a typewriter or websites that do not support formatting, an underscore or quotes are often used instead.[32]
  • The names of ships: «The Queen Mary sailed last night.»
  • Foreign words, including the Latin binomial nomenclature in the taxonomy of living organisms: «A splendid coq au vin was served»; «Homo sapiens«.
  • The names of newspapers and magazines: «My favorite magazine is Psychology Today, and my favorite newspaper is the Chicago Tribune
  • Mentioning a word as an example of a word rather than for its semantic content (see use–mention distinction): «The word the is an article».
    • Using a letter or number mentioned as itself:
      • John was annoyed; they had forgotten the h in his name once again.
      • When she saw her name beside the 1 on the rankings, she finally had proof that she was the best.
  • Introducing or defining terms, especially technical terms or those used in an unusual or different way:[33] «Freudian psychology is based on the ego, the super-ego, and the id.»; «An even number is one that is a multiple of 2.»
  • Sometimes in novels to indicate a character’s thought process: «This can’t be happening, thought Mary.»
  • Italics are used in the King James Version to de-emphasise words «that have no equivalent in the original text but that are necessary in English»:[34] «And God saw the light, that it was good».[35]
  • Algebraic symbols (constants and variables) are conventionally typeset in italics: «The solution is x = 2.»
  • Symbols for physical quantities and mathematical constants: «The speed of light, c, is approximately equal to 3.00×108 m/s.»[36][37][38]
  • In biology, gene names (for example, lacZ) are written in italics whereas protein names are written in roman type (e.g. β-galactosidase, which the lacZ gene codes for).[39][40]
  • Italics are frequently used in comics. A letterer may opt to use italic text for a variety of situations, such as internal monologues, captions, words from other languages, and text rendered inside certain types of speech balloons (such as thought balloons). Bolded words are commonly also rendered in italic.[41]
  • In older English usage, writers italicised words much more freely, for emphasis, for instance John Donne:

No man is an Iland, intire of it selfe; every man is a peece of the Continent, a part of the maine; if a Clod bee washed away by the Sea, Europe is the lesse, as well as if a Promontorie were …

Oblique type compared to italics[edit]

Three sans-serif italics. News Gothic, a 1908 grotesque design, has an oblique ‘italic’, like many designs of the period. Gothic Italic no. 124, an 1890s grotesque, has a crisp true italic resembling Didone serif families of the period.[42] Seravek, a modern humanist family, has a more informal italic in the style of handwriting.

Oblique type (or slanted roman, sloped roman) is type that is slanted, but lacking cursive letterforms, with features like a non-descending f and double-storey a, unlike «true italics». Many sans-serif typefaces use oblique designs (sometimes called «sloped roman» styles) instead of italic ones; some have both italic and oblique variants. Type designers have described oblique type as less organic and calligraphic than italics, which in some situations may be preferred.[43] Contemporary type designer Jeremy Tankard stated that he had avoided a true italic a and e in his sans-serif Bliss due to finding them «too soft», while Hoefler and Frere-Jones have described obliques as more «keen and insistent» than true italics.[44][45] Adrian Frutiger has described obliques as more appropriate to the aesthetic of sans-serifs than italics.[46] In contrast, Martin Majoor has argued that obliques do not contrast enough from the regular style.[47]

Almost all modern serif fonts have true italic designs. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a number of type foundries such as American Type Founders and Genzsch & Heyse offered serif typefaces with oblique rather than italic designs, especially display typefaces but these designs (such as Genzsch Antiqua) have mostly disappeared.[48][49][50] An exception is American Type Founders’ Bookman, offered in some releases with the oblique of its metal type version.[51] An unusual example of an oblique font from the inter-war period is the display face Koch Antiqua. With a partly oblique lower case, it also makes the italic capitals inline in the style of blackletter capitals in the larger sizes of the metal type. It was developed by Rudolph Koch, a type designer who had previously specialised in blackletter font design (which does not use italics); Walter Tracy described his design as «uninhibited by the traditions of roman and italic».[52]

The printing historian and artistic director Stanley Morison was for a time in the inter-war period interested in the oblique type style, which he felt stood out in text less than a true italic and should supersede it. He argued in his article Towards an Ideal Italic that serif book typefaces should have as the default sloped form an oblique and as a complement a script typeface where a more decorative form was preferred.[53] He made an attempt to promote the idea by commissioning the typeface Perpetua from Eric Gill with a sloped roman rather than an italic, but came to find the style unattractive; Perpetua’s italic when finally issued had the conventional italic a, e and f.[54][55] Morison wrote to his friend, type designer Jan van Krimpen, that in developing Perpetua’s italic «we did not give enough slope to it. When we added more slope, it seemed that the font required a little more cursive to it.»[48][c] A few other type designers replicated his approach for a time: van Krimpen’s Romulus and William Addison Dwiggins’ Electra were both released with obliques.[d] Morison’s Times New Roman typeface has a very traditional true italic in the style of the late eighteenth century, which he later wryly commented owed «more to Didot than dogma».[58]

Some serif designs primarily intended for headings rather than body text are not provided with an italic, Engravers and some releases of Cooper Black and Baskerville Old Style being common examples of this. In addition, computer programmes may generate an ‘italic’ style by simply slanting the regular style if they cannot find an italic or oblique style, though this may look awkward with serif fonts for which an italic is expected. Professional designers normally do not simply tilt fonts to generate obliques but make subtle corrections to correct the distorted curves this introduces. Many sans-serif families have oblique fonts labelled as italic, whether or not they include «true italic» characteristics.

More complex usage[edit]

Italics within italics[edit]

Straight italic type within normal italics (Latin and Cyrillic)

If something within a run of italics needs to be italicised itself, the type is normally switched back to non-italicized (roman) type: «I think The Scarlet Letter had a chapter about that, thought Mary.» In this example, the title («The Scarlet Letter«) is within an italicised thought process and therefore this title is non-italicised. It is followed by the main narrative that is outside both. It is also non-italicised and therefore not obviously separated from the former. The reader must find additional criteria to distinguish between these. Here, apart from using the attribute of italic–non-italic styles, the title also employs the attribute of capitalization. Citation styles in which book titles are italicised differ on how to deal with a book title within a book title; for example, MLA style specifies a switch back to roman type, whereas The Chicago Manual of Style (14.94) specifies the use of quotation marks (A Key to Whitehead’s «Process and Reality»). An alternative option is to switch to an ‘upright italic’ style if the typeface used has one; this is discussed below.

Left-leaning italics[edit]

A ‘backslanted’ italic fat face typeface, made for display use by the Figgins foundry of London. The typeface is an example of the increasingly attention-grabbing, bold and dramatic fonts becoming popular in British display typography in the early nineteenth century.

Left-leaning italics are now rare in Latin script, where they are mostly used for the occasional attention-grabbing effect.[59][60] They were once more common, however, being used for example in legal documents.[61]

They are more common in Arabic script.

4 shapes of Adobe Arabic font (Normal, Italic, Bold, Bold-Italic)

4 shapes of Farsi font (Normal, Iranic, Bold, Bold-Iranic)

In certain Arabic fonts (e.g.: Adobe Arabic, Boutros Ads), the italic font has the top of the letter leaning to the left, instead of leaning to the right. Some font families, such as Venus, Roemisch, Topografische Zahlentafel, include left leaning fonts and letters designed for German cartographic map production, even though they do not support Arabic characters.[62]

Iranic font style[edit]

In the 1950s, Gholamhossein Mosahab invented the Iranic font style, a back-slanted italic form to go with the right-to-left direction of
the script.[63]

Upright italics[edit]

Since italic styles clearly look different from regular (roman) styles, it is possible to have ‘upright italic’ designs that have a cursive style but remain upright. In Latin-script countries, upright italics are rare but are sometimes used in mathematics or in complex texts where a section of text already in italics needs a ‘double italic’ style to add emphasis to it. Donald Knuth’s Computer Modern has an alternate upright italic as an alternative to its standard italic, since its intended use is mathematical typesetting.

Font families with an upright or near-upright italic only include Jan van Krimpen’s Romanée, Eric Gill’s Joanna, Martin Majoor’s FF Seria and Frederic Goudy’s Deepdene. The popular book typeface Bembo has been sold with two italics: one reasonably straightforward design that is commonly used today, and an alternative upright ‘Condensed Italic’ design, far more calligraphic, as a more eccentric alternative.
This italic face was designed by Alfred Fairbank and named «Bembo Condensed Italic», Monotype series 294.[64][18][19] Some Arts and Crafts movement-influenced printers such as Gill also revived the original italic system of italic lower-case only from the nineteenth century onwards.[65]

Parentheses[edit]

Monotype Garamond’s italic replicates the work of 17th-century punchcutter Jean Jannon quite faithfully, with a variable slant on the italic capitals.[66]

The Chicago Manual of Style suggests that to avoid problems such as overlapping and unequally spaced characters, parentheses and brackets surrounding text that begins and ends in italic or oblique type should also be italicised (as in this example). An exception to this rule applies when only one end of the parenthetical is italicised (in which case roman type is preferred, as on the right of this example).

In The Elements of Typographic Style, however, it is argued that since Italic delimiters are not historically correct, the upright versions should always be used, while paying close attention to kerning.

Substitutes[edit]

In media where italicization is not possible, alternatives are used as substitutes:

  • In typewritten or handwritten text, underlining is typically used.
  • In plain-text computer files, including e-mail communication, italicised words are often indicated by surrounding them with slashes or other matched delimiters. For example:
    • I was /really/ annoyed.
    • They >completely< forgot me!
    • I had _nothing_ to do with it. (Commonly interpreted as underlining, which is an alternative to italics.)
    • It was *absolutely* horrible. (Commonly interpreted as bold. This and the previous example signify italic in Markdown, where bolding uses **double asterisks**, and underlining uses __double underscores__.)
  • Where the italics do not indicate emphasis, but are marking a title or where a word is being mentioned, quotation marks may be substituted:
    • The word «the» is an article.
    • The term «even number» refers to a number that is a multiple of 2.
    • The novel «Fahrenheit 451» was written by Ray Bradbury.

OpenType[edit]

OpenType has the ital feature tag to substitute a character to italic form with single font. In addition, the OpenType Font Variation has ital axis for the transition between italic and non-italic forms and slnt axis for the oblique angle of characters.

Web pages[edit]

In HTML, the <i> element is used to produce italic (or oblique) text. When the author wants to indicate emphasised text, modern Web standards recommend using the <em> element, because it conveys that the content is to be emphasised, even if it cannot be displayed in italics. Conversely, if the italics are purely ornamental rather than meaningful, then semantic markup practices would dictate that the author use the Cascading Style Sheets declaration font-style: italic; along with an appropriate, semantic class name instead of an <i> or <em> element.

Unicode[edit]

In Unicode, the Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block includes Latin and Greek letters in italics and boldface. However, Unicode expressly recommends against using these characters in general text in place of presentational markup.[67]

See also[edit]

  • Boldface

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ It has been suggested that his choice to publish such small, cheap editions was the result of a recession beginning in 1500, the result of war with the Ottoman Empire.
  2. ^ Notable revivals include Bembo Narrow Italic, Centaur Italic or Arrighi, Poetica and Requiem.[17][18][19][20][21][22]
  3. ^ Spelling modernised to avoid confusion–Morison wrote ‘fount’, the usual spelling in British English at the time.
  4. ^ Electra was later reissued–although not in Britain–with a true italic, which is the only form most digitisations include. An exception is Jim Parkinson’s Aluminia revival, which includes both.[56] Romulus was issued on Morison’s plan with an oblique a script typeface companion, Cancelleresca Bastarda, which has longer ascenders and descenders than Romulus does. Digital period type designer James Puckett describes the obliques on both Romulus and Electra as «spectacular failures [which] pretty much killed the idea for serifed types.»[57]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Ewan Clayton (5 September 2013). The Golden Thread: The Story of Writing. Atlantic Books. pp. 104–6. ISBN 978-1-78239-034-3.
  2. ^ Gaultney, Victor. «Designing Italics: Approaches to the design of contemporary secondary text typefaces (PhD thesis)». Victor Gaultney. University of Reading. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  3. ^ Hoefler, Jonathan. «Italics Examined». Hoefler & Co. Retrieved 10 February 2017.
  4. ^ Truss, Lynne (2004), Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation, New York: Gotham Books, p. 146, ISBN 978-1-59240-087-4
  5. ^ Bühler, Curt (1970). «False Information in the Colophons of Incunabula». Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 114 (5): 405. ISBN 9781422371374. Retrieved 8 June 2020. Manutius dated his edition…as 15 September 1500, but included in the volume is a letter…with date of September 19.
  6. ^ «Columbia University Libraries Online Exhibitions | Type to Print: The Book & The Type Specimen Book». exhibitions.library.columbia.edu. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  7. ^ «Aldus Manutius». Pioneers of Print. University of Manchester. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Hendrik D. L. Vervliet (2008). The Palaeotypography of the French Renaissance: Selected Papers on Sixteenth-century Typefaces. BRILL. pp. 287–319. ISBN 978-90-04-16982-1.
  9. ^ Oxford University Press (1 June 2010). Aldo Manuzio (Aldus Manutius): Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 10–11. ISBN 978-0-19-980945-5.
  10. ^ Berthold Louis Ullman, The origin and development of humanistic script, Rome, 1960, p. 77
  11. ^ «Roman vs Italic». Type to Print: The Book & The Type Specimen Book. Columbia University Libraries. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
  12. ^ a b c d e Kaufmann, Ueli (11 October 2015). «The design and spread of Froben’s early Italics». Department of Typography & Graphic Communication. University of Reading. Archived from the original on 2 November 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
  13. ^ a b Carter, Harry (1969). A View of Early Typography. pp. 117–126. ISBN 978-0-19-818137-8. If Aldus hoped, as it is commonly said that he did, but he never said, that cursive letterforms would save space, he must have been disappointed by the result: a Roman type on the same body gets in just as much. It is a beautiful and legible typeface.
  14. ^ Updike, D.B. (1927), Printing Types: Their History, Form and Use, Harvard University
  15. ^ a b Morison, Stanley; Johnson, Alfred (2009). «3: The Chancery Types of Italy and France». In McKitterick, David John (ed.). Selected essays on the history of letter-forms in manuscript and print. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 30–45. ISBN 978-0-521-18316-1. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
  16. ^ Morison, Stanley (1973). A Tally of Types. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 41–60. ISBN 978-0-521-09786-4.
  17. ^ Hoefler, Jonathan. «Requiem». Hoefler & Frere-Jones. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
  18. ^ a b «Fairbank». Monotype. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  19. ^ a b «Fairbank». MyFonts. Monotype.
  20. ^ «Fairbanks Italic specimen» (PDF). Monotype. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
  21. ^ «Alfred Fairbank» (PDF). Klingspor Museum. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
  22. ^ «Poetica». MyFonts. Adobe Systems. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
  23. ^ Clair, Colin (1969). A Chronology of Printing. New York, Praeger. p. 43.
  24. ^ Lane, John (1983). «The Types of Nicholas Kis». Journal of the Printing Historical Society: 47–75.
  25. ^ Johnson, Alfred F. (1930). «The Evolution of the Modern-Face Roman». The Library. s4-XI (3): 353–377. doi:10.1093/library/s4-XI.3.353.
  26. ^ Dreyfus, John (1950). «The Baskerville Punches 1750–1950». The Library. s5-V (1): 26–48. doi:10.1093/library/s5-V.1.26.
  27. ^ Ewan Clayton (11 February 2014). The Golden Thread: A History of Writing. Counterpoint LLC. pp. 205–210. ISBN 978-1-61902-242-3.
  28. ^ Morison, Stanley (1937). «Type Designs of the Past and Present, Part 3». PM: 17–81. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  29. ^ Mosley, James. «Comments on Typophile thread». Archived from the original on 27 March 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2017. One of the distinctive things about French calligraphy of [the 1680s] is that the lead-in stroke of letters like i, m, n and so on have flat, rather ‘roman’, serifs, making them look a bit like a ‘sloped roman’…Fournier used it fifty years later in his ‘new style’ italics, and later so did Firmin Didot. And that French flat serif also turns up in…the italic to Times New Roman.
  30. ^ Butterick, Matthew. «Bold or italics?». Practical Typography. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  31. ^ Butterick, Matthew. «Small caps». Practical Typography. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  32. ^ «Formatting Book Titles in the Digital Age». dailywritingtips.com.
  33. ^ University of Minnesota Style Manual, University of Minnesota, 18 July 2007, archived from the original on 24 March 2010, retrieved 22 October 2009
  34. ^ Norton, David (2005). A Textual History of the King James Bible. Cambridge University Press. p. 162. ISBN 9780521771009. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  35. ^ Genesis 1:4
  36. ^ Mills, I. M.; Metanomski, W. V. (December 1999), On the use of italic and roman fonts for symbols in scientific text (PDF), IUPAC Interdivisional Committee on Nomenclature and Symbols, retrieved 9 November 2012. This document was slightly revised in 2007* and full text included in the Guidelines For Drafting IUPAC Technical Reports And Recommendations and also in the 3rd edition of the IUPAC Green Book Archived 19 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine. *Refer to Chemistry International. Volume 36, Issue 5, Pages 23–24, ISSN (Online) 1365-2192, ISSN (Print) 0193-6484, DOI: 10.1515/ci-2014-0529, September 2014
  37. ^ See also Typefaces for Symbols in Scientific Manuscripts Archived 19 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine, NIST, January 1998. This cites the family of ISO standards 31-0:1992 to 31-13:1992.
  38. ^ «More on Printing and Using Symbols and Numbers in Scientific and Technical Documents Archived 29 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine». Chapter 10 of NIST Special Publication 811 (SP 811): Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). 2008 Edition, by Ambler Thompson and Barry N. Taylor. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, US. March 2008. 76 pages. This cites the ISO standards 31-0:1992 and 31-11:1992, but notes «Currently ISO 31 is being revised […]. The revised joint standards ISO/IEC 80000-1—ISO/IEC 80000-15 will supersede ISO 31-0:1992—ISO 31-13.».
  39. ^ «The NCBI Style Guide: Style Points and Conventions». National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  40. ^ «Guidelines for Formatting Gene and Protein Names». BioScience Writers. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  41. ^ «Comic Book Grammar & Tradition». Blambot Comic Book Fonts. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  42. ^ Specimens of type, borders, ornaments, brass rules and cuts, etc. : catalogue of printing machinery and materials, wood goods, etc. American Type Founders Company. 1897. p. 340. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  43. ^ Majoor, Martin. «Inclined to be dull». Eye magazine. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  44. ^ Tankard, Jeremy. «Bliss». Jeremy Tankard Typography. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
  45. ^ Frere-Jones, Tobias; Hoefler, Jonathan. «Whitney». Hoefler & Frere-Jones. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
  46. ^ Frutiger, Adrian (8 May 2014). Typefaces: The Complete Works (2nd ed.). Walter de Gruyter. p. 260. ISBN 978-3038212607.
  47. ^ Majoor, Martin. «My Type Design Philosophy». Typotheque. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  48. ^ a b Walter Tracy (January 2003). Letters of Credit: A View of Type Design. D.R. Godine. pp. 61–4. ISBN 978-1-56792-240-0.
  49. ^ «Typophile discussion». Typophile. Archived from the original on 8 November 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
  50. ^ Devroye, Luc. «Friedrich Bauer». Type Design Information. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
  51. ^ Simonson, Mark. «Bookmania». Retrieved 23 September 2014.
  52. ^ Tracy, Walter. Letters of Credit. pp. 162–3.
  53. ^ Morison, Stanley. Towards an Ideal Italic.
  54. ^ «Monotype Imaging: Perpetua». Archived from the original on 10 January 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
  55. ^ Lo Celso, Alejandro. «Serial Type Families» (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 November 2014.
  56. ^ «Recasting Electra as Aluminia». Letterform Archive. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
  57. ^ Puckett, James. «Draughtsman’s Alphabets published by Keuffel & Esser». dailytypespecimen. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
  58. ^ Morison, Stanley. «Changing the Times». Eye. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  59. ^ William E. Ryan; Theodore E. Conover (2004). Graphic Communications Today. Cengage Learning. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-7668-2075-3.
  60. ^ «Nitro & Turbo — Overview». Hoefler & Frere-Jones. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
  61. ^ Reverse italics at StudioType
  62. ^ «Venus». Fonts in Use. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
  63. ^ Esfahbod, Behdad; Roozbeh Pournader (March 2002). «FarsiTeX and the Iranian TeX Community» (PDF). TUGboat. 23 (1): 41–45. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
  64. ^ Bixler, M & W. «Bembo Condensed Italic specimen». Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  65. ^ Harling, Robert (1975). The Letter Forms and Type Designs of Eric Gill (1st U.S. ed.). Westerham, Kent: Published by Eva Svensson, and printed by the Westerham Press. pp. 51–8. ISBN 978-0-903696-04-3.
  66. ^ Warde, Beatrice (1926). «The ‘Garamond’ Types». The Fleuron: 131–179.
  67. ^ «22.2 Letterlike Symbols». The Unicode Standard, Version 13.0 (PDF). Mountain View, CA: Unicode, Inc. March 2020.

External links[edit]

  • The Essential Italic on YouTube, Victor Gaultney (presentation to ATypI)
  • Hamilton, Frederick W. (1918). The Uses of Italic: A Primer of Information Regarding the Origin and Uses of Italic Letters at Project Gutenberg

Italic is a typeface or font style that slants to the right. Most writers use italic type to emphasize certain words or phrases. You can use the word italic as a noun or an adjective, usually in the form “italic type,” or italics. Either way, it describes the kind of cursive-styled typeface that leans at an angle.

Furthermore, What does it mean when words are in italic?

Italics are used primarily to denote titles and names of particular works or objects in order to allow that title or name to stand out from the surrounding sentence. Italics may also be used for emphasis in writing, but only rarely.

Simply so What is non italic called?

The technical name for non-italic fonts is roman or romanized, so this is probably your best choice from the options you’ve given.

Also, What are italics for kids? In typography, italic type is a cursive font based on a kind of calligraphic handwriting. Such letters normally slant slightly to the right. In modern texts, Italics can emphasise key points in a printed text. One manual of English usage described italics as “the print equivalent of underlining”.

How do you write in italics?

To form an italic letter ‘a’ you may push the pen back a little from right to left to start with. Bring it round in a smooth lozenge shape, with a slightly pointy base somewhat over to the left. (This is what gives the body of the letter its slant.)

What is Roman style? R. The normal typography style in which the vertical lines of the characters are straight up and not on an angle. It is the opposite of italic, which uses slanted lines. The Four Typefaces. Many fonts come in normal (roman), bold, italic and bold italic variations.

Is italics hard to read?

Even though italics are commonly used to highlight text, you should avoid using italicized text. Italics can be difficult to read, especially for dyslexic users. Choose bolding instead to add emphasis. … Like italics, fancy fonts can be more difficult to read, especially for people with dyslexia.

Should I use bold or italics?

Bold text is used to describe strong, clear words. Italics can be used for giving certain emphasis on a particular word or phrase and it should be used sparingly. Don’t overuse italics as they will make your blog posts look cluttered, so only use them when you really need to stress something out.

How does italics help the reader?

They can emphasize a word or phrase or denote a character’s thoughts. They should always be used for titles of things like books and albums and words from a foreign language. A great tool, italics can help authors ignite their ink, so their story stands out and lingers with readers.

Is italics A text feature?

Text in italics is used in picture captions, book titles, and any other element that needs to stand out. Text in bold, color, or italics draw the readers attention to important information.

How do you write in italics on Facebook?

Italics in notes

  1. Step 1: Create a new note. Go to facebook.com/notes and click the “Write a note” button.
  2. Step 2: Get your italic text. Select the portion of text you want italicized. And click the “I”
  3. Step 4: You’re done. Congratulations! Your note now has italic text!

What is roman style pizza?

Roman pizza (Italian: pizza romana) is a style of pizza originating in Rome, but now widespread, especially in Central Italy. … Pizza al taglio (pizza by the slice). This typically comes in rectangular slices, and usually has a thicker base, similar to focaccia. It is eaten as a casual, takeaway dish.

What are the roman letters?

The Basics. Roman numerals are written using seven different letters: I, V, X, L, C, D and M, they represent the numbers 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000. We use these seven letters to make up thousands of others.

What is roman italic?

As adjectives the difference between italic and roman

is that italic is (typography|of a typeface or font) designed to resemble a handwriting style developed in italy in the 16th century while roman is (of type) upright, as opposed to italic.

Are italics bad for accessibility?

For accessibility reasons, some organisations impose a blanket ban on the use of italics in online copy. … Although blocks of italic text can be difficult to read for many people, banning italics in all contexts can strip text of much of its semantic richness, making it less readable and therefore less accessible.

Is bold text rude?

Don’t abuse the bold, italics and underline styling.

While these features can be used to emphasize a point, too much of a good thing goes bad quickly. An email full of bold, italicized and underlined text could come across as aggressive, or even rude. If nothing else, it’s distracting and confusing.

What fonts are good for dyslexia?

Use sans serif fonts, such as Arial and Comic Sans, as letters can appear less crowded. Alternatives include Verdana, Tahoma, Century Gothic, Trebuchet, Calibri, Open Sans. Font size should be 12-14 point or equivalent (e.g. 1-1.2em / 16-19 px). Some dyslexic readers may request a larger font.

How do you italicize text?

Here’s what you need to know about formatting text with shortcuts in Word:

  1. To make your selected text bold or start writing text in bold, press the Crtl + B keys on your keyboard.
  2. To make your selected text italic or start writing text in italic, press the Ctrl + I keys on your keyboard.

What happens to letters if you make them bold?

By contrast, a bold font weight makes letters of a text thicker than the surrounding text. Bold strongly stands out from regular text, and is often used to highlight keywords important to the text’s content.

When should I use italics in writing?

When to Use Italics in Your Writing

  1. To emphasize something.
  2. For titles of standalone works, such as books and movies.
  3. For vehicle names, such as ships.
  4. To show that a word is borrowed from another language.
  5. For the Latin “scientific” names of plant and animal species.

Can you use italics for dialogue?

When writing dialogue in quotes, long-winded unnatural speech may not stand out visually—but with italics, a character launching into monologue will be much more noticeable. … Furthermore, writing italicized dialogue can also break student writers of the habit of using italics to signal internal thought.

What words should be in italics?

Titles of full works like books or newspapers should be italicized. Titles of short works like poems, articles, short stories, or chapters should be put in quotation marks. Titles of books that form a larger body of work may be put in quotation marks if the name of the book series is italicized.

What are the 5 text features?

Text features include all the components of a story or article that are not the main body of text. These include the table of contents, index, glossary, headings, bold words, sidebars, pictures and captions, and labeled diagrams.

What is a caption in text features?

captions explain what is in. the drawing. Helps the reader visualize. and better understand. something from the text.

What is a fact box text feature?

Nonfiction Text Feature Terms

Boxes containing information on a page of a book or magazine article that didn’t fit into the text.

Italic text: Ctrl + I — “I” is for “italic.” This shortcut works for new text you type after using it, or you can highlight existing text and then add italics via the shortcut. You can also use the shortcut to turn italics off.

– Italic text. > – Emphasized text.

How do you italicize text on iPhone?

How to italicize text on an iPhone in Notes

  1. Open the Notes app.
  2. Type your text into a note.
  3. Select the word you want to italicize by double tapping the word.
  4. Tap “BIU.”
  5. Tap “Italic.”
  6. Alternatively, after you’ve selected your word(s), you can also tap on “Aa” above your keyboard.
  7. Tap “I” to italicize.

How do you italicize in latex?

To make a text italic is straightforward, use the emph or textit command: Some of the greatest discoveries in science were made by emph{accident}.

How do you italicize on a laptop?

Italic text: Ctrl + I — “I” is for “italic.” This shortcut works for new text you type after using it, or you can highlight existing text and then add italics via the shortcut.

What are italicized words?

When you italicize your writing, you print or type in the slanted letters called “italics.” You can italicize a word in a sentence when you want to emphasize it.Print that you italicize usually slopes from left to right, and it resembles script or cursive writing.

How do you italicize in Gmail?

On your Android phone or tablet, open the Gmail app . Add text to your message. Double tap the text you want to format. Tap Format, then choose a formatting option like bolding, italics, or changing the font color.

How do I italicize on my phone?

On Android, you can tap and hold the text you’re typing > More > and choose among bold, italic, strikethrough and monospace.

How do you italicize on IPAD?

Answer: A: Yes! Type as usual. Then select the text you wish to italicize.

How do I start typing in LaTeX?

Type the following: documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article} begin{document} A sentence of text. end{document} 3 Page 10 The documentclass command must appear at the start of every LATEX document. The text in the curly brackets specifies the document class.

In LaTeX, you can use the % (percent sign) to comment out a line of text in your source code. If you’d like to include comments that appear in the PDF of your project, you can use the todonotes package.

How do I write in LaTeX?

Writing text in a LaTeX document is easy. Once you are inside the body of the document, as described in the Document Structure section of this page, all you have to do is start typing. When you compile the code LaTeX will take care of all the text formatting based on any commands and packages used.

What is italicized example?

Italics are typically used to show emphasis (For example: “I don’t care what he thinks. I do what I want!”) or to indicate titles of stand-alone works (Black Panther, Lost in Translation). Different style guides have different rules about what to italicize.

What do I italicize in an essay?

APA’s Publication Manual (2020) indicates that, in the body of your paper, you should use italics for the titles of:

  1. “books, reports, webpages, and other stand-lone works” (p. 170)
  2. periodicals (journals, magazines, newspapers)

How do you italicize in a sentence?

Italics can be used when you want to emphasize a certain word or phrase in a sentence in informal writing. This would not be appropriate for academic writing, but is common in many other types of writing. She was the only girl in the class who got 100% on the exam.

What format does Gmail use?

In Gmail, you can easily send messages using either rich HTML formatting or plain text. Plain-text formats strip formatting, as well as colors and images. Here’s how to send plain-text messages through the web version of Gmail.

How do you italicize in Yahoo Mail?

Click B (for bold), I (for italics), colored dots (for the font color or background color), or Aa (for the font style and size).

How do you italicize on Whatsapp?

How to format your messages

  1. Italic. To italicize your message, place an underscore on both sides of the text:
  2. Bold. To bold your message, place an asterisk on both sides of the text:
  3. Strikethrough. To strikethrough your message, place a tilde on both sides of the text:
  4. Monospace.

How do you italicize in Google Docs?

How to Format Text in Google Docs

  1. Select the text you want to format.
  2. Click a formatting button. To bold, Ctrl + B. To italicize, Ctrl + B. To underline, Ctrl + U.

How do you italicize on Facebook on Iphone?

Italics in notes

  1. Step 1: Create a new note. Go to facebook.com/notes and click the “Write a note” button.
  2. Step 2: Get your italic text. Select the portion of text you want italicized. And click the “I”
  3. Step 4: You’re done. Congratulations! Your note now has italic text!

How do you italicize on a Mac keyboard?

Command-I Italicize the selected text, or turn italics on or off. Command-U Underline the selected text, or turn underlining on or off.

Updated: 11/06/2021 by

Italic is a style of font that slants the letters evenly to the right. For example, this sentence is italicized. When a font is installed on a computer, there usually is an italic version. For example, with Verdana font, there is a «Verdana Regular,» «Verdana Bold,» «Verdana Bold Italic,» and «Verdana Italic» font. If the font does not have an italic version, you may have to use an oblique version to achieve the same effect.

Note

Although sometimes used interchangeably, oblique fonts take the existing letterforms and slant them, while italic fonts have letterforms designed specifically to look better when slanted.

When should I italicize text?

As with many things in the English language, the rules of when to italicize text vary depending on the style guide you follow. Below are some general rules that most style guides follow when italicizing text.

Note

Some style guides may prefer to use an underline instead of italic for the following rules. When writing anything that is shown online, we prefer to use italic because most people assume anything underlined is a hyperlink.

  • Use italic when you want to emphasize a word or phrase in a sentence.
  • When writing about the title of an album, book, magazine, movie, newspaper, podcast, speech, TV show, or work of art.
  • Italicize a word or phrase that is in a different language.

Creating italicized text in a word processor such as Microsoft Word

  1. Highlight the text you want to be italic.
  2. Click the I button, which is often between the «B» and «U» for bold and underline, as shown in the following picture.

Bold, italic, underline, and font style.

Tip

The shortcut key to make text italic is Ctrl+I on the PC and Chromebook or Command+I on the Mac. To make text italic using a keyboard shortcut, highlight the text and then press the shortcut key.

How to disable or remove italic

To disable or turn off the italic feature, perform the same steps you used to enable italic. For example, if you used the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+I to enable italic, press it again to turn it off. To un-italicize text, highlight the italic text and then use the keyboard shortcut or click the italic button.

Create italic text in HTML

To italicize text on a website, blog, or other HTML documents, surround the text with the <i> tag as shown below.

<i>This text should be in italics</i>

Tip

If you want to italicize a heading, paragraph, or other groups of text for style reasons, it is better to use CSS to make text italic.

How to italic text in CSS

To italicize text in CSS, you can use any of the following examples. In the first example, we are surrounding the text we want to be italic with a span tag and then add a style to that tag.

<span style="font-style:italic">Italic</span>

This method is helpful for italicizing specific text that doesn’t have an associated CSS class. For text like a heading that always needs to be italic, you can add a CSS rule for the specific HTML tag. For example, if we always want our H2 headings to be italic, we could add the following rule to our CSS code or CSS file.

h2 {
 font-style:italic;
}

Once this CSS code is added, any page containing this code or points to the CSS file with this code would have italic H2 headings.

Finally, a CSS class could be added to your CSS code or CSS file to apply italic to anything with that text. For example, we could add the following class called «ital» to italicize text.

.ital {
 font-style:italic;
}

Once this text is added, we can add that class to any HTML tag. For example, if we add the class to a paragraph (as shown below), it would make the entire paragraph italic.

<p class="ital">This paragraph of text would be italicized.</p>

BIU, Bold, Ctrl+I, Font, <i>, Oblique, Slant, Typography terms, Underline, Word processor terms

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