I’m always searching for ways to help my private students improve their communication skills. Learning how to use the English suffix -OUS is a great way to increase your English vocabulary.
The English suffix ~OUS is added to the end of nouns and verbs to change them into adjectives. The new adjectives will have the nature or quality of the root word.
| root word | suffix | adjective | ~OUS adjective meaning |
| danger (noun) | ~ous | dangerous | likely to injure or harm somebody |
| envy (verb) | ~ous | envious | wanting something that somebody else has |
Increase your vocabulary by learning the English suffix ~OUS. Turn nouns and verbs that you already know into adjectives by adding the suffix OUS to the end of the word.
Table of Contents
- The Suffix -OUS News Story
- More examples
- Over 40 adjectives with the suffix -OUS
- -OUS Adjectives made from Verbs
- -OUS Adjectives made from Nouns
- The Suffix -OUS FAQ
- What does thunderous sound mean?
- Suffix -OUS Vocab List PDF (free!)
The Suffix -OUS News Story
A few years ago I read a story about some dangerous ants that were found in an ocean port in Tokyo. These ants are called ‘fire ants’ and they are poisonous.
I thought this story would be a great way to introduce the English suffix – OUS to my students, and now I want to help the English students around the world who read my blog.
ant [noun] a small insect that lives in highly organized groups.
port [noun] a place where ships load and unload goods
or shelter from storms
From this news story, we used 2 adjectives with the suffix ~ous. Dangerous and poisonous.
dangerous – likely to injure or harm somebody, or to damage or destroy something
poisonous – causing death or illness if swallowed or absorbed into the body
(All definitions in this post come from Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries)
-ous suffix (in adjectives)
having the nature or quality of
-ous suffix Oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com
A simple way to think of these 2 adjectives is to look at the root word, this means the part of the word that comes before the suffix ous.
danger (ous) If a situation has danger it is dangerous.
poison (ous) If something has poison it is poisonous.
More examples
Adjectives with the suffix ~ous have this basic meaning.
adventurous – (of a person) willing to take risks and try new ideas; enjoying being in new, exciting situations ~ ready for adventure
- For the more adventurous tourists, there are trips into the mountains with a local guide.
fame [noun] – the state of being known and talked about by many people
“She went to Hollywood in search of fame and fortune.”
famous – known about by many people
~ A famous person is someone who has fame.
- After years of hard work, she became a famous actress.
- When I was 22 I toured the mountainous region of New Zealand. It was beautiful. (The area has many mountains)
More English suffix -ous examples:
If something is full of joy we can call it joyous.
- The children’s birthday party was full of joyous laughter.
If something happened that seems like a miracle, or was completely unexpected and very lucky we can use the adjective miraculous to describe it.
- The fact that he survived the accident with no permanent injury is miraculous.
Over 40 more adjectives with the suffix ~OUS
The meanings listed below came from a Google Search showing Definitions from Oxford Languages or from Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries.
A synonym of dangerous is hazardous (from the noun hazard)
- risky; dangerous
- Be careful. This barrel contains hazardous material.
A synonym of poisonous is venomous (from the noun venom)
- (of an animal, especially a snake) secreting venom; capable of injecting venom by means of a bite or sting
- This snake is highly venomous.
Some other versions of famous are
world-famous
- known throughout the world.
- The wedding cake was made by a world-famous baker. It cost $3500.00!
infamous
- well known for some bad quality or deed
- The dealer and other poker players are watching him closely. He is an infamous cheater.
More examples – Verbs to Adjectives (Suffix ~OUS)
continuous (from the verb continue)
- forming an unbroken whole; without interruption
- You have to lift and flip the pancake in one continuous motion.
infectious (from the verb infect)
- an infectious disease can be passed easily from one person to another, especially through air or water
- The flu is highly infectious. I often ride crowded trains so I get a flu shot every year to be safe.
prosperous (from the verb prosper)
- rich and successful
- I wish everyone a safe and prosperous New Year.
ridiculous (from the verb ridicule)
- deserving or inviting derision or mockery; absurd
- Greg’s outfit is ridiculous. I can’t believe he wore that to the party.
various (from the verb vary)
- different from one another; of different kinds or sorts
- New treatments can be used to treat various types of cancers.
More examples – Nouns to Adjectives (Suffix ~OUS)
numerous (from the noun number)
- great in number; A synonym of many
- People adjusting to working at the office after working at home for many months face numerous challenges.
Do a deep dive into this vocabulary at my post Much Many and A Lot (Video – Quiz – Free PDF)
nervous (from the noun nerve)
- easily agitated or alarmed
- Marcus always seems nervous for some reason.
suspicious (from the noun suspicion)
- having or showing a cautious distrust of someone or something
- You said you forgot to pay when leaving the store but I’m suspicious.
mysterious (from the noun mystery)
- difficult or impossible to understand, explain, or identify
- The cause of the mysterious glass found in the desert may be from an ancient exploding comet.
furious (from the noun fury)
- extremely angry
- Ethan was furious when he learned the news.
disastrous (from the noun disaster)
- causing great damage OR highly unsuccessful
- The team had a disastrous start this year. They have a lot of work to do for the rest of the season.
cautious (from the noun caution)
- (of a person) careful to avoid potential problems or dangers
- (of an action) characterized by the desire to avoid potential problems or dangers
- Rebecca has always been a cautious driver. She has been driving for 8 years without an accident.
glorious (from the noun Glory)
- having, worthy of, or bringing fame or admiration OR having a striking beauty or splendor
- Today was a glorious Spring day.
vigorous (from the noun vigor)
- strong, healthy, and full of energy OR characterized by or involving physical strength, effort, or energy
- Duncan does some vigorous aerobic exercise every morning as soon as he wakes up.
nutritious (from the noun nutrition)
- (of food) very good for you; containing many of the substances which help the body to grow
- It’s important to start your day off right by eating a nutritious breakfast in the morning.
spacious (from the noun space)
- (of a room or building) large and with plenty of space for people to move around in
- The apartment has big windows facing South and a spacious living room.
outrageous (from the noun outrage)
- offensive and unacceptable OR very unusual and intended to shock people slightly
- The president seems to often say some outrageous things.
glamorous (from the noun glamour)
- especially attractive and exciting, and different from ordinary things or people
- I work an honest job but it’s not very glamorous.
luxurious (from the noun luxury)
- very comfortable; containing expensive things that give pleasure
- My wife and I treated ourselves and stayed at a luxurious hotel for 4 nights.
humorous (from the noun humor)
- funny; showing a sense of humor
- The TV show is a humorous look at 6 friends living together in New York City.
gracious (from the noun grace)
- kind, polite and generous, especially to somebody of a lower social position
- I enjoy having dinner with Alex, he’s a very gracious host.
synonymous (from the noun synonym)
- (of words or expressions) having the same, or nearly the same, meaning OR so closely connected with something that the two things appear to be the same
- Being rich is not always synonymous with being happy.
mischievous (from the noun mischief)
- enjoying playing tricks and annoying people
- I was a quiet child but my little sister was quite mischievous.
rebellious (from the noun rebellion)
- showing a desire to resist authority, control, or convention
- Max was a very rebellious teenager. He never listened to anyone.
laborious (from the noun labor)
- taking a lot of time and effort
- We have a huge warehouse, counting and recording our inventory is a laborious task.
superstitious (from the noun superstition)
- believing in superstitions
- People who are superstitious believe that Friday the 13th is an unlucky day. [LINK]
tortuous (from the noun torture)
- not simple and direct; long, complicated and difficult to understand
- After 18 months in court, the family finally saw an end on the long and tortuous road to justice.
industrious (from the noun industry)
- working hard; busy
- Yoshi is an industrious student and quickly learned to speak English at a high level.
advantageous (from the noun advantage)
- good or useful in a particular situation
- Having a college degree it’s not necessary for finding a good job but is definitely advantageous.
treacherous (from the noun treachery)
- that cannot be trusted; intending to harm you OR dangerous, especially when seeming safe
- Ice and snow covered the roads making driving treacherous.
courageous (from the noun courage)
- showing courage
- I’m proud of my brother, he made a courageous decision.
malicious (from the noun malice)
- having or showing a desire to harm somebody or hurt their feelings, caused by a feeling of hate
- I never trusted Andrea. She was always spreading malicious rumors about her coworkers.
monstrous (from the noun monster)
- very large OR very large, ugly, and frightening
- I have a monstrous headache.
- The camper saw a monstrous creature crawl out of the swamp.
ferocious (from the noun ferocity)
- very aggressive or violent; very strong
- A ferocious winter storm blew in from the East last weekend.
victorious (from the noun victory)
- having won a victory; that ends in victory
- After a long and difficult tournament, our team emerged victorious. Now we are the national champions.
harmonious (from the noun harmony)
- (of relationships, etc.) friendly, peaceful, and without any arguments OR arranged together in a way that is pleasant because each part goes well with the others OR (of sounds) very pleasant when played or sung together
- The museum is a harmonious blend of traditional and modern design.
These words came from a list I found with 1000 words that end with ~OUS. Not all the words can easily fit with the noun/verb root word to make a new adjective. Some words are hard to find what the real root is, but they’re all still adjectives. You can find that list here.
Below are three examples of words whose meanings you can imagine but don’t clearly stem from the original root word.
horrendous (from the noun horror)?
- terrible or extremely unpleasant
- The conditions in prison are horrendous. You never want to spend time there.
luscious (from the noun lush)?
- having a pleasingly rich, sweet taste OR (of cloth, colors, or music) soft and deep or heavy in a way that gives you pleasure to feel, look at or hear
- She wore luscious fire-red lipstick that caught the attention of all the men in the room.
instantaneous (from the noun instantaneity)?
- happening immediately
- The response was almost instantaneous.
What does thunderous sound mean?
The adjective thunderous comes from adding the suffix -OUS to the noun thunder. It means very loud. SOURCE
Thunderous sound is used to talk about noises that are very loud.
- We felt the earth shake and heard a thunderous sound in the distance.
The adjective thunderous is often used with other nouns about sound. A very common combination is thunderous applause.
applause noun the noise made by a group of people clapping their hands and sometimes shouting to show their approval or pleasure SOURCE
- At the end of the performance, thunderous applause could be heard throughout the theater. The audience was grateful for an exciting show.
Suffix ~OUS Vocab List PDF (free!)
Download your FREE suffix ~OUS vocab list from the link below. ↓
More Prefix/Suffix posts to easily increase your English vocabulary.
Special thanks to SpellZone for giving me example ideas for this blog post.
https://www.spellzone.com/word_lists/list.cfm?wordlist=122
Asked by: Glenna Nikolaus II
Score: 4.7/5
(2 votes)
Adding the suffix -ous
A suffix is a letter or a group of letters that can be added to a word to change its meaning. Adding the suffix -ous turns a noun into an adjective. It means ‘full of‘.
What type of suffix is ous?
Ous is defined as full of or possessing. An example of ous used as a suffix is in the word «contemptuous,» which means full of contempt. suffix.
What words have the suffix ous?
simultaneous
- simultaneous.
- advantageous.
- unscrupulous.
- subconscious.
- subcutaneous.
- preposterous.
- percutaneous.
- contemptuous.
What does the suffixes ful and ous mean?
waste (noun) -ful full of wasteful (adj.) poison (noun) -ous.
What is the origin and meaning of the suffix ous?
word-forming element making adjectives from nouns, meaning «having, full of, having to do with, doing, inclined to,» from Old French -ous, -eux, from Latin -osus (compare -ose (1)).
42 related questions found
What are some words that have the suffix?
handsome
- handsome.
- gruesome.
- fearsome.
- tiresome.
- foursome.
- lonesome.
- liposome.
- ribosome.
How does the suffix ous change a word?
A suffix is a letter or a group of letters that can be added to a word to change its meaning. Adding the suffix -ous turns a noun into an adjective. It means ‘full of’.
What suffixes mean full of something?
-ful. a suffix meaning “full of,” “characterized by” (shameful; beautiful; careful; thoughtful); “tending to,” “able to” (wakeful; harmful); “as much as will fill” (spoonful).
What does the suffix phyll mean?
Phyll is defined as leaf. An example of phyll used as a suffix is in the word chlorophyll. … Leaf. Sporophyll.
What does the suffix tion mean?
a suffix occurring in words of Latin origin, used to form abstract nouns from verbs or stems not identical with verbs, whether as expressing action (revolution; commendation), or a state (contrition; starvation), or associated meanings (relation; temptation).
What word ends with ish?
8-letter words that end in ish
- flourish.
- diminish.
- sluggish.
- childish.
- demolish.
- goldfish.
- feverish.
- starfish.
How do you teach the suffix ous?
Class This week’s spelling rule — suffix ‘ous»s Blog
- If the root word doesn’t change, just add ‘ous’ — e.g danger —-> dangerous.
- If the word ends in ‘e’, drop the e and add ‘ous’ — e.g. fame —-> famous.
- If the word ends in ‘y’ change it to an ‘i’ and add ‘ous’ — e.g. vary —-> various.
What is the suffix word of danger?
ANSWER: The word ‘danger’ becomes ‘endanger’ when the prefix ‘en’ is added to it. When the suffix is added, the word will become ‘dangerously‘, ‘dangerous’, ‘dangers’.
What is the rule for the suffix ous?
Ous words use the suffix ous, adding the letters ‘-ous’ onto the end of root words. Adding the suffix —ous turns a noun into an adjective. It means ‘full of’. For example, the word ‘fame’ can be turned into the word ‘famous’ to mean full of fame.
What does suffix mean?
A suffix is a letter or group of letters placed at the end of a word to create a new word. … Sometimes, a suffix changes the meaning of the word it is attached to. For example, the word defense means protection, but if you add the suffix -less, you end up with the adjective defenseless, which means unprotected.
Is plasm a root or suffix?
The word plasm come from Greek word plasma which means ‘to shape’. In medical science -plasm can be used as prefix or suffix e.g. plasma membrane and protoplasm respectively.
What is the suffix of sugar?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The suffix -ose (/oʊz/ or /oʊs/) is used in biochemistry to form the names of sugars.
What does hyper mean in biology?
1. (Science: prefix) Signifying over, above, high, beyond, excessive, above normal; as, hyperphysical, hyperthyrion; also abnormally great, excessive; as, hyperaemia, hyperbola, hypercritical, hypersecretion.
What are the 10 examples of suffix?
Here are 20 Examples of Suffixes and Examples;
- Suffix -acy. Democracy, accuracy, lunacy.
- Suffix – al. Remedial, denial, trial, criminal.
- Suffix -ance. Nuisance, ambience, tolerance.
- Suffix -dom. Freedom, stardom, boredom.
- Suffix -er, -or. …
- Suffix -ism. …
- Suffix -ist. …
- Suffix -ity, -ty.
How do you use suffixes?
Using suffixes
You need to add a group of letters to the end of a word to make a new word. For example, if the suffix ‘ing’ is added to the end of the word ‘look’, the new word is ‘looking’ — or the suffix ‘ed’ could be added to make it past tense.
What suffix means is like?
The suffix -esque means “like” or “resembling.” You can add -esque to almost any noun, including proper nouns.
Is Ness a suffix?
The suffix «-ness» means «state : condition : quality» and is used with an adjective to say something about the state, condition, or quality of being that adjective. For example, redness is a red quality, and redness means «the quality of being red.»
What does a suffix do to a word?
A suffix is a group of letters which can be added to the end of a word. A suffix cannot be used alone, and using one will change the meaning of the word it is attached to – but in a way that is different to how prefixes change the meaning of a word.
Word Building: Suffix -OUS
What is a suffix? It is a letter or a group of letters we add to a word to change its meaning. We can add suffixes to a noun and make an adjective, for instance. Likewise, when we add the suffix -OUS to some nouns, they become adjectives.
The suffix -OUS means “full of” or “having the quality of”. Let’s look at some commonly used adjectives ending in -OUS:
ENVIOUS
Meaning: wanting something that belongs to another person.
Ex: You shouldn’t be envious of people who have more than you do.
DANGEROUS
Meaning: can cause harm.
Ex: Smoking is a dangerous habit.
FAMOUS
Meaning: known by way many people.
Ex: Jennifer Lopez is a world-famous performer.
AMBITIOUS
Meaning: having a strong desire for success.
Ex: John was extremely ambitious when he was young.
MIRACULOUS
Meaning: unusually surprising and unexpected.
Ex: Houdini made a miraculous escape from the ropes.
NERVOUS
Meaning: worried.
Ex: I’m always nervous before an exam.
MYSTERIOUS
Meaning: difficult to understand.
Ex: The woman disappeared under mysterious circumstances.
JEALOUS
Meaning: unhappy because you wish you had something that belongs to another person.
Ex: Rhina is jealous of her ex-husband’s new wife.
POISONOUS
Meaning: refers to a substance able to cause illness or death.
Ex: We saw a poisonous snake this morning. We were really scared.
Conversation questions:
Now when you learned the new vocabulary, try to answer these questions or discuss them with an English learning friend:
- Are you nervous before an exam?
- Do you consider yourself an ambitious person?
- Do you know anyone famous? Who? Talk about them.
- How many poisonous animals do you know?
- Do you live in a dangerous neighbourhood/town/city? Talk about it.
- Do you know a mysterious story? Tell it to your English speaking/learning partner.
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Словообразование. Суффиксы прилагательных в английском языке
В данной статье из цикла «Подготовка к ОГЭ и ЕГЭ. Словообразование в английском языке» мы рассмотрим основные суффиксы прилагательных в английском языке: -ful, -less, -ous, -al, -y, -ic, -ish, -able, -ive, -ent (10), а также посвятим значительное время отработке этих суффиксов. Упражнения на суффиксы прилагательного не только помогут вам подготовиться к экзаменам по английскому языку в виде ОГЭ и ЕГЭ, но расширят ваш словарный запас и будут способствовать развитию языковой догадки.
Уважаемые посетители сайта! Копирование данной статьи с целью размещения ее на других ресурсах запрещено. © EnglishInn.ru, 2015
Суффиксы прилагательных в английском языке
1. Суффиксы прилагательных, образованных от существительных
noun + Ʌ = adj
- -ful (выражает наличие качества; beautiful, colourful)
- -less (выражает отсутствие качества: colourless, useless)
- -ous (слова франц. происхождения, аналог ful: courageous, famous)
- -al (central, formal)
- -y (cloudy, dirty)
- -ic (poetic, domestic)
- -ish (выражает национальную принадлежность: Scottish, English, а также слабая степень качества: brownish -коричневатый, reddish -красноватый)
Исключением является суффикс -ly, так как данный суффикс служит для образования наречий. Однако есть ряд прилагательных и довольное распространенных, которые образованы при помощи этого суффикса, например:
- friendly — дружелюбный
- lovely — прелестный
- lively — деятельный, активный
2. Суффиксы прилагательных, образованных от глаголов
verb + Ʌ = adj
- -able /-ible (выражает возможность подвергнуться действию, указанному глаголом: to change – changeable (менять – изменчивый); to eat – eatable (есть – съедобный)
- -ive (active, talkative)
- -ent /-ant (different, important)
Обратите внимание, что гласная в суффиксе прилагательного —ent/-ant такая же как в суффиксе существительного —ence/-ance и, наоборот, то есть:
different — difference
important — importance
Насчет суффиксов -ing/ -ed существуют разногласия. Я, например, считаю их не суффиксами, а окончаниями. Читайте о них отдельную статью — Прилагательные, оканчивающиеся на -ing/ ed.
Суффиксы прилагательных в английском языке. Упражнения
Упражнение 1. Translate into Russian.
The suffix -ful means «be full of» e.g. beautiful means «be full of» beauty.
- She was very thankful for our help.
- She likes colourful clothes.
- She is a very forgetful girl.
- We are not sure that our team will win but we are hopeful.
- They lived a peaceful happy life.
- He was always as helpful as possible.
Упражнение 2.1. Translate into Russian.
The suffix -less means «without» e.g. hopeless means «without» hope.
a moonless night, a cloudless sky, a noiseless machine, numberless heroes, a motherless girl, a heartless woman, a homeless cat, a leafless tree, a nameless author, a sunless room, a endless war, a lifeless body, a colorless liquid, a friendless child, a sleepless night, careless people, a doubtless victory
Упражнение 2.2. Translate into English.
Безоблачное небо, беспомощный ребенок, бесшумная машина, бесчисленные герои, безжизненное тело, беззаботный ребенок, бессердечная женщина, бездомный кот, дерево без листьев, безымянный автор, комната без солнца, бесконечная война, бесцветная жидкость. Была безлунная ночь. Он выглядел усталым после бессонной ночи.
Упражнение 3.
The suffix —ous means «ful of» which comes from French e.g. danger + ous = dangerous
А. Form adjectives from nouns and translate them.
ОБРАЗЕЦ nerve + ous = nervous (нерв – нервный)
В. Use the words in the sentences.
- We don’t know if these chemicals are ____________ to people.
- She became ____________as a writer.
- I like to read ___________stories.
- There are a lot of ________ snakes in the jungle.
- It was a _________victory.
- He was a ____________soldier.
- They liked the _______________rooms in their new house.
Упражнение 4. The suffix -y.
A. Translate into Russian.
windy day, sunny weather, cloudy sky, sleepy child, dreamy girl, icy wind, healthy food
B. Form adjectives from the nouns and translate them.
ОБРАЗЕЦ swamp — swampy (болото — болотистый)
C. Put the adjectives from B into this sentences to make them complete.
- This … land is very good for farming. Cows and sheep can feed here all the year round.
- Peter, eat some more roast beef. You should eat more: you have grown so … (2 variants)!
- On such … mornings it’s very difficult to drive, as you can’t see the road clearly.
- These are … apples. I like them most of all.
- My little brother never eats fish if it is … .
- Holidaymakers love the … beaches in the south of Australia.
- Why does this coffee taste so … ?
- The picture shows the … mountains of Scotland.
- The sky is unusually … tonight.
- … places have a lot of water in all seasons.
Упражнение 5. Translate into Russian the adjectives, ending with the suffix —ic.
gigantic hound, scientific expedition, domestic animal, academic year, Olympic games, thematic collection, basic knowledge
Упражнение 6. Make up adjectives with the help of suffix -al and translate them.
ОБРАЗЕЦ music – musical (музыка — музыкальный)
industry – …, culture – …, region – …, tradition – …, nature – …, nation – …, agriculture – …, comic – …
Упражнение 7. Суффиксы национальностей
-ish:
ОБРАЗЕЦ Britain – British
-(i)an:
ОБРАЗЕЦ Russia – Russian
-ese:
ОБРАЗЕЦ Japan – Japanese
Mind: Germany — German, France – French, Holland – Dutch, Greece — Greek
* * *
Упражнение 8. The suffix – able.
Суффикс able имеет значение «can»: movable означает can move — можно передвинуть (передвигаемый)
A. Form the words with the suffix – able.
B. Use the words in the sentences:
- Though the cup is made of thin glass it is not ……….(break).
- She thought of all names ………to guess the name of their new classmate. (imagine).
- Everybody respects him. He is very …….. (respect).
- I can’t forget the trip. It is un ……(forget).
- The nouns are divided into …………. and un…………… (count).
Упражнение 9. Form the words with the suffix –ive.
Упражнение 10. Read the adjectives and spell the suffixes used in forming them.
ОБРАЗЕЦ changeable — The adjective changeable is formed with the help of the suffix -able.
successful, cloudless, collective, central, comic, satirical, dangerous, faultless, misty, courageous, aggressive, national, breakable
Упражнение 11. Translate these combinations; say what words the adjectives are formed from.
a washable shirt, a skilful worker, democratic forces, the postal service, groundless suspicions, a humorous story, a gloomy scene, salty ham, professional interest, peaceful labour, a noiseless machine, a courageous soldier, a lucky ticket, a continental climate, a dusty road.
Упражнение 12. Copy and translate all these adjectives. Learn them by heart.
B. Listen to the adjectives and translate them by ear.
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С уважением, автор Татьяна Н.
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Источники: упражнения взяты из разных пособий, частично переделаны и и изменены. В частности использованы учебники «Английский язык 5-11 класс» авторы Афанасьева О.В., Михеева И.В.
Суффиксы -able, -ous, -ful, -less
Суффикс -able произошел от прилагательного able способный, которое вы только что встретили в грамматическом разделе. Этот суффикс означает способность или пригодность к чему-либо.
| remark | замечать | remarkable | замечательный |
| change | изменяться | changeable | изменчивый |
| apply | применять | applicable | применимый |
Довольно часто прилагательные с суффиксом -able имеют также отрицательную приставку un-. Такие слова обычно означают непригодность к чему-либо.
| untranslatable | не поддающийся переводу |
| undrinkable (water) | непригодная для питья (вода) |
| unthinkable | немыслимый |
-ous
Суффикс -ous образует прилагательные от латинских корней:
| mountain | гора | mountainous | гористый |
| volume | объем | voluminous | огромный, объемистый |
| vary | меняться | various | различный |
-ful и -less
Суффиксы -ful и -less следует сравнить с известными вам словами full полный и less меньше. Соответственно, эти суффиксы образуют прилагательные с противоположными значениями: -ful означает наличие, a -less — отсутствие чего-либо. Несколько примеров:
| use | польза | useful | полезный | useless | бесполезный |
| faith | вера | faithful | верный (друг) | faithless | неверный (друг) |
| law | закон | lawful | законный | lawless | беззаконный |
Данная тема включена в «Урок 18. Lesson Eighteen» самоучителя английского языка. Для освоения темы рекомендуем перейти к уроку. Если же вы хотите более подробно ознакомиться с самоучителем, вы можете посмотреть его содержание.
Суффиксы в прилагательных в английском языке: нюансы словообразования определений
Не секрет, что одно слово может являться прародителем целой ветви родственных ему выражений. Образование новых лексем осуществляется разными способами: присоединением новых частей, конверсией, то есть переходом неизменной основы в другой грамматический раздел, или слиянием двух слов в одно. Знание этих методов не только облегчает понимание контекста незнакомого слова, но и расширяет возможности лексического словаря учащегося. Сегодня мы изучим один из методов, рассмотрев его применение на популярной части речи. Итак, тема материала – суффиксы в прилагательных в английском языке. Рассмотрим способы трансформации различных частей речи в определения и приведем примеры.
Суффиксы в прилагательных в английском языке – таблица
Прилагательные призваны выражать характеристики, свойства, качества и признаки, и по своему долгу чаще всего сопутствуют именам существительным. Неудивительно, что и своим происхождением многие определения обязаны однокоренным словам класса существительных. Отметим также, что небольшой долей суффиксального образования прилагательных обладают и глаголы, но подробнее обо всем этом поведает таблица, расположенная ниже. В ней мы разместили суффиксы прилагательных в английском языке, согласно их соответствию частям речи, образовавшим новое слово. Кроме того, каждый суффикс снабжен персональным значением и примерами словообразования. Приступим к изучению.
| Суффиксы английских прилагательных | |||
| Класс | Суффикс | Значение | Примеры |
| Существительные. |
Приведенные в данном разделе морфемы могут присоединяться только к указанной части речи.
источники:
https://englishinn.ru/slovoobrazovanie-suffiksyi-prilagatelnyih-v-angliyskom-yazyike.html
https://tuteng.ru/tutorial/18-3-suffiksy-able-ous-ful-less.html
https://speakenglishwell.ru/suffiksy-v-prilagatelnyh-v-anglijskom-yazyke/
Об английском с любовью
Словообразование. ”- ESE, – ESQUE, — OSE, – OUS”, суффиксы, образующие прилагательные.
Настал черед для суффиксов , где просматривается буква “S” c гласными. Только суффикс “- ESQUE” имеет еще согласную “Q” , но таких слов не очень много, поэтому его можно рассматривать вместе с остальными.
Суффикс “ – ESE” = непродуктивный, происхожденим с латыни, а смыслом его является национальная принадлежность или происхождение., то есть уже есть третий суффикс, который показывает национальность. Напомню , что первый суффикс – “- ISH”, второй – “– AN/ -IAN / — EAN”.
Chinese = китайский,
Japanese = японский,
Portuguese = португальский,
Burmese = бирманский,
Vietnamese = вьетнамский.
Суффикс “-ESQUE” = непродуктивный, родом с немецкого, через итальянский и французский языки попал в английский. Его значение — передавать стиль или манеру, быть подобным чему-то или кому-то.
Вот пара примеров:
picturesque = живописный;
grotesque = гротескный.
Суффикс “ – OSE” = непродуктивный, происхождением с латыни. Его смысл – давать полную характеристику.
morose = мрачный, угрюмый;
bellicose = воинственный.
Суффикс “-OUS” = очень распространенный, непродуктивный. Прошел через ряд языков , прежде чем вошел в английский. Родом с греческого, потом — латынь и старо-французский , а затем уже и английский. Его значение: быть похожим, обладать качеством или давать характеристику.
various = разнообразный,
famous = знаменитый,
curious = любопытный,
furious = разъяренный,
envious = завистливый,
religious = религиозный,
anxious = озабоченный / встревоженный,
nervous = нервный,
suspicious = подозрительный,
Суффиксы -able, -ous, -ful, -less
Все эти суффиксы образуют прилагательные.
-able
Суффикс -able произошел от прилагательного able способный, которое вы только что встретили в грамматическом разделе. Этот суффикс означает способность или пригодность к чему-либо.
| remark | замечать | remarkable | замечательный |
| change | изменяться | changeable | изменчивый |
| apply | применять | applicable | применимый |
Довольно часто прилагательные с суффиксом -able имеют также отрицательную приставку un-. Такие слова обычно означают непригодность к чему-либо.
| untranslatable | не поддающийся переводу |
| undrinkable (water) | непригодная для питья (вода) |
| unthinkable | немыслимый |
-ous
Суффикс -ous образует прилагательные от латинских корней:
| mountain | гора | mountainous | гористый |
| volume | объем | voluminous | огромный, объемистый |
| vary | меняться | various | различный |
-ful и -less
Суффиксы -ful и -less следует сравнить с известными вам словами full полный и less меньше. Соответственно, эти суффиксы образуют прилагательные с противоположными значениями: -ful означает наличие, a -less — отсутствие чего-либо. Несколько примеров:
| use | польза | useful | полезный | useless | бесполезный |
| faith | вера | faithful | верный (друг) | faithless | неверный (друг) |
| law | закон | lawful | законный | lawless | беззаконный |
Данная тема включена в «Урок 18. Lesson Eighteen» самоучителя английского языка. Для освоения темы рекомендуем перейти к уроку. Если же вы хотите более подробно ознакомиться с самоучителем, вы можете посмотреть его содержание.
Suffixes Суффиксы в английском языке
Суффиксы в английском языке служат для образования новых слов, при этом они могут изменять часть речи и значение слова.
| Для существительных | Для глаголов | Для прилагательных | Для наречий | ||
| -acy | -ese | -ate | -able, -ible | -ian, -ean | -ily |
| -age | -ess | -en | -al | -ic | -ly |
| -al | -hood | -er | -ant | -ical | -ward(s) |
| -an, -ian | -ing | -ify, -efy | -ar | -ing | -wise, -way(s) |
| -ance, -ence | -ism | -ise, -ize | -ary, -ory | -ish | |
| -ancy, -ency | -ist | -ish | -ate | -ive | |
| -ant, -ent | -ity, -ty | -yse, -yze | -ed | -less | |
| -ard, -art | -ment | -en | -like | ||
| -ary, -ory, -ery, -ry | -ness | -ent | -ly | ||
| -dom | -ship | -ern | -ous | ||
| -ee | -tion, -sion, -cion | -ese | -y | ||
| -eer | -ure | -ful | |||
| -er, -or, -ar |
Суффиксы существительных
-er, -or, -ar
Суффиксы —er, —or, —ar указывают на исполнителя действия, профессию или инструмент.
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Суффикс —eer указывает на род деятельности, профессию.
- volunt eer – волонтер
- pion eer – пионер
- engin eer – инженер
- mountain eer – альпинист
Суффикс —ee у существительных указывает уменьшенную форму от чего-то, на пассивного субъекта действия.
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Суффикс —ess указывает на женский род существительного и присоединяется к глаголам и существительным.
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-an, -ian
Суффиксы —an, —ian указывают на национальность человека, его специализацию, схожесть, вероисповедание.
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Суффикс —ese указывает на национальность, происхождение, определенный стиль.
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-ant, -ent
Суффиксы —ant, —ent указывают на определенное лицо, род деятельности, вещество.
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-ard, -art
Суффиксы —ard, —art выражают характеристику человека, занятость, род деятельности.
- drunk ard – пьяница
- wiz ard – чародей
- dull ard – олух, дурень
- bragg art – хвастун
Суффикс —ism схож по использованию с суффиксом -ist и указывает абстрактные понятия, действия, процессы, их результаты, а также направления и течения в искусстве, науке, политике, религии и т.д.
- Taoism (Daoism) – даосизм
- terrorism – терроризм
- altruism – альтруизм
- impressionism – импрессионизм
Суффикс —ist используется для выражения принадлежность к определенной профессии, сфере труда, направлению науки, политики, искусства.
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Суффикс —ing используется для образования существительных от глаголов. Обозначает действие, результат, процесс, материал, продукт. Этот суффикс не стоит путать с окончанием -ing для глаголов.
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-tion, -sion, -cion
Суффиксы —tion, —sion, —cion прибавляются для указания на действие, состояние, абстрактные понятия. Эти суффиксы французского происхождения, поэтому они встречаются только в определенных словах.
- solu tion – решение
- sta tion – станция
- divi sion – деление, отдел, распределение
- suspi cion – подозрение
Суффикс —tion прибавляется к словам, которые оканчиваются на —t, —ate, —tain и другие согласные, кроме —l, —n, —r.
- edi t → edi tion (издание, вариант)
- abs tain → absten tion (воздержание)
- vac ate → vaca tion (отпуск)
- inven t → inven tion (изобретение)
Суффикс —sion присоединяется к словам с окончанием —de, —d, —se, —ss, —mit и после согласных —l, —n, —r.
- explode → explo sion (взрыв)
- permit → permis sion (разрешение)
- confess → confes sion (признание)
- impress → impres sion (впечатление)
Суффикс —cion встречается только в двух словах.
- suspi cion – подозрение
- coer cion – принуждение
Суффикс —age образовывает существительные от глаголов. Он означает собирательные понятия, процессы, действия, их результаты.
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-ity, -ty
Суффиксы —ity и —ty образовывают существительные от прилагательных. Они указывают на качество, состояние, которое передает прилагательное.
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Суффикс —ness используется для образования существительных от прилагательных.
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-ary, -ory, -ery, -ry
Суффиксы —ary, —ory, —ery, —ry указывают на род деятельности, занятие, место изготовления, продукцию, собирательное название предметов, а также действия, качества.
Для этих суффиксов нет четких правил использования. Написание слов с ними лучше запоминать.
- diction ary – словарь
- contribut ory – лицо, делающее взнос
- bak ery – пекарня
- husband ry – земледелие, хозяйство
Суффикс —ary часто присоединяется к основе слова, которая имеет не английское происхождение или не используется отдельно от суффиксов.
- libr ary – библиотека
- vocabul ary – словарь
- itiner ary – курс, путеводитель
- solit ary – отшельник
Суффикс —ry часто присоединяется к словам, которые в форме существительного оканчиваются на —or и —ion.
- rect or → rect ory (дом пастора)
- contribut or → contribut ory (вкладчик)
- satisfact ion → satisfact ory (“удовлетворительно”)
- introduct ion → introduct ory (введение)
Суффикс —ery присоединяется к словам, которые оканчиваются на —er или —e, или к основам слов, которые могут использоваться без суффиксов.
- mock → mock ery (насмешка)
- trick → trick ery (обман, афера)
- shiv er → shiv ery (дрожь)
- brav e → brav ery (отвага, смелость)
Суффикс —ry – это усеченная форма от —ery. Также присоединяется к основе слов, которые могут использоваться без суффиксов.
- dentist ry – профессия зубного врача
- tenant ry – аренда, арендаторы
- husband ry – сельское хозяйство
- jewel ry – украшения
Суффикс —ure указывает на действие, результат, инструмент, функцию или определенное ведомство.
- press ure – давление
- seiz ure – захват, приступ, заедание
- prefect ure – префектура
- legislat ure – законодательная власть
Суффикс —acy выражает значение качества, состояния. Суффикс —acy образует существительные от основы прилагательных или существительных, которые чаще всего оканчиваются на —ate, —acious.
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Суффикс —al используется для образования существительных от глаголов. —al обозначает акт или процесс чего-то.
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-ance, -ence, -ancy, -ency
Суффиксы —ance и —ence указывают на состояние или качество чего-то.
- vari ance – разногласие, изменение
- toler ance – толерантность
- resid ence – жилье, местонахождение
- prefer ence – предпочтение
Суффиксы —ance и —ancy присоединяются к глаголам, которые оканчиваются на —y, —ure, —ear, —ate, к твердой с (как в слове cab) или твердой g (как в game).
- var y → vari ance (изменение, противоречие)
- app ear → appear ance (внешний вид)
- ins ure → insur ance (страхование)
- toler ate → toler ance (толерантность)
Суффиксы —ancy и —ency указывают на качество, состояние.
- expect ancy – ожидание, вероятность
- hesit ancy – нерешительность
- ag ency – действие, помощь, агентство
- frequ ency – частота
Суффиксы —ence и —ency присоединяются к глаголам с окончанием —ere (кроме preserve), к ударным окончаниям —er, после суффиксов —cid-, —vid-, —fid-, —sid-, мягкой с (как в слове cell), или мягкой g (как в gin).
- interf ere → interfer ence (вмешательство)
- pref er → prefer ence (предпочтение)
- resid ence – резиденция
- lic ence – лицензия, разрешение
Суффикс —ment используется для образования существительных от глаголов. Он обозначает действие, состояние, результат действия.
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Суффикс —dom указывает на состояние, территорию, собрание людей. -Dom присоединяется к прилагательным и существительным.
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Суффикс —ship указывает на состояние, положение, должность, навыки и присоединяется к существительным.
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Суффикс —hood указывает на состояние, положение, качество, определенный период. Суффикс прибавляется к существительным.
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Суффиксы глаголов
Суффикс —ate указывает на значение «подвергать», «делать», «превращать», также указывает на действие, процесс. Часто присоединяется к существительным.
- deliber ate – обдумывать, размышлять
- vaccin ate – проводить вакцинацию
- congratul ate – поздравлять
- celebr ate – праздновать
Суффикс —en указывает на значение «становиться», «использовать», «воздействовать». -En часто используется для образования глаголов от прилагательных, реже от существительных.
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-ify, -efy
Суффиксы —ify, —efy используются в значении «превращать», «делать каким-то», «наделять качеством». Глаголы с этими суффиксами образуются от прилагательных, реже существительных. Суффиксы -ify и -efy являются вариантами суффикса —fy.
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Суффикс —ify прибавляется к большинству слов, в них конечная гласная заменяется на i.
- beauty → beaut ify (украшать)
- simple → simpl ify (упрощать)
- pure → pur ify (очищать)
- class → class ify (классифицировать)
Суффикс —efy используется только в 4-х словах.
- liqu efy – плавить, таять
- putr efy – гнить, разлагаться
- rar efy – разрежать, разжижать
- stup efy – притуплять, поражать
-ise, -yse, -ize, -yze
Суффиксы —ise, —ize имеют значение «делать», «готовить», «заниматься», «становиться». Они присоединятся часто к существительным
- critic ise – критиковать
- advert ise – рекламировать
- patron ize – покровительствовать
- symbol ize – символизировать
Суффиксы —yse, —yze являются вариантами суффиксов —ise и —ize. Они встречаются только в определенных словах, которые следует запомнить.
- anal yze – анализировать
- paral yze – парализовать
- catal yse – катализировать
- electrol yse – подвергать электролизу
Суффиксы —ise и —ize (-yse и —yze) отличаются тем, что —ise (-yse) чаще используется в британском варианте английского языка, а —ize (-yze) – только в американском английском.
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В некоторых глаголах, которые оканчиваются на —ise, —ise является не суффиксом, а частью основы. Такие глаголы следует запоминать наизусть.
- exerc ise – заниматься
- rev ise – проверять, повторять
- comprom ise – пойти на компромисс
- adv ise – советовать
Суффикс —ish указывает на значение «делать».
- pun ish – наказывать
- distingu ish – различать
- blem ish – повреждать, пятнать
- pol ish – полировать
Суффикс —er указывает на значение «делать». Часто не выделяется как отдельный суффикс.
- low er – понижать, понижаться
- administ er – управлять
- discov er – открывать, обнаруживать
- filt er – фильтровать
Суффиксы прилагательных
Суффикс -al выражает отношение к чему-то, качество. Прибавляется к существительным.
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Суффикс -ar указывает на отношение к чему-то, имеет значение «иметь качество чего-то». Часто прибавляется к существительным или к основам латинского происхождения.
-ary, -ory
Суффиксы —ary, —ory означают характеристику, качество, отношение к чему-то. Прибавляется в основном к существительным, реже к глаголам.
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Суффикс —ary используется с основами слов, которые в форме существительного принимают суффикс -ary, или если основа не используется самостоятельно (но не всегда).
- ordin ary – обычный
- solit ary – одинокий
- necess ary – необходимый
- contempor ary – современный
Суффикс —ory используется с основами слов, которые в форме существительного принимают суффиксы —or, —ion.
- satisfact ion → satisfact ory (удовлетворительный)
- illus ion → illus ory (иллюзорный)
- contribut or → contribut ory (вносящий вклад)
- anticipat or → anticipat ory (ожидающий)
Суффикс —ese выражает национальную или территориальную принадлежность. Прибавляется к названиям стран.
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Суффикс —ed имеет значения «подвергаться влиянию», «иметь характеристики, форму». Прибавляется к глаголам и существительным.
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-ian (-ean)
Суффикс —ian (-ean) выражает национальную или территориальную принадлежность.
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Суффикс —ish указывает на национальную принадлежность, легкий признак чего-то.
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Суффикс -ful указывает на качество, характеристику, имеет значение «быть наделенным чем-то». Прибавляется к существительным.
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-ic, -ical
Суффикс —ic указывает на признак чего-то и имеет значение «вызванный чем-то». Прибавляется к существительным.
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Суффикс —ical также указывает на признак чего-то. Прибавляется к существительным.
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Суффиксы —ic, —ical в большинстве случаев имеют схожее значение. Однако, пары слов с ними могут отличаться по смыслу. Не существует правила их использования. Поэтому значение прилагательных с —ic, —ical следует запоминать или проверять в словаре.
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Суффикс —less указывает на отсутствие какого-то признака, качества. Присоединяется к существительным.
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Суффикс —like указывает на подобие, схожесть. Прибавляется к существительным.
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Суффикс —ly указывает на подобие, имеет значение «повторяющийся с определенной частотой». Прибавляется к существительным.
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Суффикс —ous выражает характеристику, имеет значение «быть наполненным каким-то качеством». Часто прибавляется к существительным.
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Суффикс —y выражает значение «иметь признак». Прибавляется к существительным.
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Суффикс -ern указывает на принадлежность к частям света.
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-able, -ible
Суффикс —able, —ible указывают на возможность и значение «выполнимый». Прибавляется к глаголам.
- pass able – проходимый, проезжий
- incred ible – невероятный
- bear able – сносный, терпимый
- imposs ible – невозможный
—Able используется, когда основа слова, к которому присоединяется суффикс, может использоваться самостоятельно. Также, когда слово заканчивается на —e, гласная a может выпадать. —Able всегда используется перед твердыми согласными g (как в слове game) и c (как в слове cab). Если слово оканчивается на согласный, то он удваивается перед —able.
- notic e → notice able (заметный)
- advise → advis able (целесообразный)
- read → read able (читабельный)
- forget → forgett able (незапоминающийся)
—Ible присоединяется к основам, которые не используются самостоятельно, или в случае исключения из правил использования —able.
- acce ss → access ible (доступный)
- fle x → flex ible (гибкий)
- aud ible – слышный
- permiss ible – допустимый
-ant, -ent
Суффикс —ant, —ent имеют значение характеристики «передающий качества». Прибавляется к глаголам.
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—Ant присоединяются к глаголам, которые оканчиваются на —ate, а также к основам существительных, которые оканчиваются на —ance, —ancy.
- hesit ate → hesit ant (колеблющийся)
- fragr ancy → fragr ant (ароматный)
- brilli ance → brilli ant (замечательный, блестящий)
- attend ance → attend ant (сопровождающий)
—Ent присоединяется к основам слов, которые в форме существительного принимают суффикс —ence, —ency.
- intellig ence → intellig ent (образованный)
- perman ence → perman ent (постоянный)
- differ ency → differ ent (различный)
- adher ency → adher ent (вязкий, липкий)
Суффикс —ate указывает на характеристику, признаки, значение «обладать чем-либо». Прибавляется к глаголам и существительным.
- fortun ate – счастливый, удачный
- moder ate – умеренный
- adequ ate – адекватный
- deliber ate – спланированный, умышленный
Суффикс —ive имеет значения «вызывать эффект», «иметь качество», «способность». Прибавляется к глаголам.
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Суффикс —ing имеет значение «вызывать эффект, эмоции». Прибавляется к глаголам.
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Суффикс —en используется для образования причастий от неправильных глаголов. Часто не выделяется как отдельный суффикс.
- froz en – замороженный
- brok en – сломанный
- writt en – написанный
- braz en – медный
Суффиксы наречий
-ly, -ily
Суффиксы —ly и —ily указывают на способ, образ действия. Эти суффиксы присоединяются к прилагательным.
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-ward(s)
Суффикс —ward(s) указывает на направление движения, сторону.
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-wise, -way(s)
Суффиксы —wise и —way(s) выражают способ, направление действия. Часто присоединяется к существительным.
источники:
http://tuteng.ru/tutorial/18-3-suffiksy-able-ous-ful-less.html
http://grammarway.com/ru/suffixes
Let’s learn 200 new English words which all end with the suffix ous.
For example: acrimonious (bitter), barbarous (brutal), conscientious (reliable), and dolorous (sad).
It is always good to learn new words, because by using higher-level vocabulary in your writing or when speaking you are demonstrating your continuously improving skills as a learner of English. But where to start? Just open a dictionary and begin with A? One useful method is to focus on words that all share the same suffix. A suffix is an ending that many words share, for example the ous words above.
With these 6 free printable worksheets we are focusing on the suffix ous. There are many higher-level English words that end with ous – often with a Latin root – so this is a good suffix to focus on. We create an adjective by adding ous to a noun, e.g. ‘fame’ becomes ‘famous’. The suffix ous – pronounced with a schwa sound – means ‘possessing’ or ‘having the quality of’, so if something is ‘contemptuous’ it has the quality of ‘contempt’.
There are two sets of worksheets to download. The first page lists 100 new words with the suffix ous and what they mean; the second page (Research) removes the easy synonyms, so you have to search for and write the meaning of each ous word yourself; the third page is a traditional gap-fill activity, where you have to use ous words to fill the gaps in 20 sentences.
Extension activities could include:
- look up where each word came from using an etymology website, and note how many originate from Latin or other languages
- work with a partner or small group to create and perform / record a role play using a set number of ous words. Repeat the exercise using only the easy synonyms; what is the difference? Present your work to the class and invite feedback
- test your partner after challenging them to learn 10, 20, 50, or more new words with ous
- discuss which words you already know and how you learned them; with which context do you associate them? How often and when do you use them?
- think of or find common collocations for each word, e.g. a contagious disease, an eponymous book, a judicious decision, and so on
We hope you enjoy using these free worksheets to improve your vocabulary, and that you will add many ous words to your everyday working vocabulary! If you do like this material, please feel free to share it widely!
If you have any feedback about this free material, we’d love to hear from you! Please feel free to leave a comment or review below or on Facebook or Twitter.
Set 1:
Learn 100 New Words with the Suffix -ous (Part 1)
Direct download: https://purlandtraining.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/learn-100-new-words-with-the-suffix-ous-part-1.pdf
Learn 100 New Words with the Suffix -ous (Part 1)
Learn 100 New Words with the Suffix -ous (Part 1) – Research
Direct download: https://purlandtraining.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/learn-100-new-words-with-the-suffix-ous-part-1-research.pdf
Learn 100 New Words with the Suffix -ous (Part 1) – Research
Learn 100 New Words with the Suffix -ous (Part 1) – Gap-Fill
Direct download: https://purlandtraining.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/learn-100-new-words-with-the-suffix-ous-part-1-gap-fill.pdf
Learn 100 New Words with the Suffix -ous (Part 1) – Gap-Fill
Set 2:
Learn 100 New Words with the Suffix -ous (Part 2)
Direct download: https://purlandtraining.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/learn-100-new-words-with-the-suffix-ous-part-2.pdf
Learn 100 New Words with the Suffix -ous (Part 2)
Learn 100 New Words with the Suffix -ous (Part 2) – Research
Direct download: https://purlandtraining.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/learn-100-new-words-with-the-suffix-ous-part-2-research.pdf
Learn 100 New Words with the Suffix -ous (Part 2) – Research
Learn 100 New Words with the Suffix -ous (Part 2) – Gap-Fill
Direct download: https://purlandtraining.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/learn-100-new-words-with-the-suffix-ous-part-2-gap-fill.pdf
Learn 100 New Words with the Suffix -ous (Part 2) – Gap-Fill
Image: Free-Photos from Pixabay
English[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- -ious
- -tous
- -uous
Etymology[edit]
From Middle English -ous, from Old French -ous, -eux, from Latin -ōsus (“full, full of”). Doublet of -ose and -wise in unstressed position.
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): /-əs/
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Audio (southern England) (file)
Suffix[edit]
-ous
- Used to form adjectives from nouns, to denote:
- possession of
- bulb + -ous → bulbous
- presence of a quality in any degree (typically abundance of)
- courage + -ous → courageous
- joy + -ous → joyous
- poison + -ous → poisonous
- riot + -ous → riotous
- relation or pertinence to
- aptonym + -ous → aptonymous
- arrhenotoky + -ous → arrhenotokous
- possession of
- (chemistry) Used in chemical nomenclature to name chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number than in the equivalent compound whose name ends in the suffix -ic. For example sulphuric acid (H2SO4) has more oxygen atoms per molecule than sulphurous acid (H2SO3). See Inorganic nomenclature.
Synonyms[edit]
- -y
- (possession of): -ate
Derived terms[edit]
[edit]
- -osity
- -ose
Translations[edit]
Note: Translations of English words ending in -ous do not necessarily end in the suffixes listed below.
suffix to form adjectives
- Arabic: ـِيّ (ar) (-iyy)
- Aromanian: -os m or n, -osu m or n, -oasã f
- Asturian: -osu
- Catalan: -ós (ca) m, -osa (ca) f
- Emilian: -ōś m, -óśa f
- Finnish: -inen (fi)
- French: -eux (fr) m, -euse (fr) f
- Friulian: -ôs
- Galician: -oso (gl) m, -osa f
- German: -haft (de), -ös (de)
- Hindi: -आना (-ānā)
- Hungarian: -s (hu)/-os (hu)/-as (hu)/-es/-ös
- Ido: -oza
- Italian: -oso (it) m, -osa f
- Latin: -osus (la) m, -osa f, -osum n
- Norwegian: -øs (no)
- Occitan: -ós
- Polish: -y (pl) m, -awy (pl) m, -ny (pl) m
- Portuguese: -oso (pt)
- Romanian: -os (ro) m or n, -oasă f
- Russian: -о́зный (-óznyj), -ный (-nyj)
- Sardinian: -osu, -ossu
- Sicilian: -usu, -osu
- Spanish: -oso (es), -udo (es)
- Venetian: -oxo, -óxo
See also[edit]
- -ness
- -hood
- -ship
- -itas
- -itude
- -th
- -ia
- -itia
- -ity
- -ability
- -ibility
- -icity
Anagrams[edit]
- OSU, Sou, USO, sou
Middle English[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- -os, -ose, -ouse, -ows, -owse, -us, -ws
Etymology[edit]
From Old French -ous, -us, -eus, from Latin -ōsus.
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): /-ˈuːs/, /-us/
Suffix[edit]
-ous
- Forms adjectives from nouns or verbs, especially if of Romance origin.
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- English: -ous
References[edit]
- “-ǒus, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Old French[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-ous
- Alternative form of -us
marked by temperance in indulgence
self-restraining
being sour to the taste
marked by strong resentment or cynicism
giving a benefit
associated by chance and not an integral part
willing to undertake new and daring enterprises
quick and eager
equally skillful with each hand
having more than one possible meaning
having a strong desire for success or achievement
inclined toward or displaying love
having no definite form or distinct shape
relating to vertebrates that live on land but breed in water
corresponding in function but not in evolutionary origin
having both male and female characteristics
without water; especially without water of crystallization
deviating from the general or common order or type
having no known name or identity or known source
similar to or containing or dissolved in water
characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion
marked by care and persistent effort
not occurring or existing at the same time
shockingly brutal or cruel
disposed to venture or take risks
containing gold
of or relating to or containing or derived from gold
indicating favorable circumstances and good luck
originating where it is found
existing as an independent entity
immoderately desirous of acquiring something
able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering
(poetic )beautiful, especially to the sight
given to or marked by the consumption of alcohol
of illegal marriage to a second person while legally married to a first
relating to a digestive juice secreted by the liver
resembling or containing bitumen
grossly irreverent toward what is held to be sacred
unrestrained by convention or propriety
marked by exuberance and high spirits
given or giving freely
rounded and bulging
offensively self-assertive
having an unpleasant sound
of or relating to a corpse
having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences
emotionally hardened
relating to or affected with cancer
stubbornly obstructive and unwilling to cooperate
large in the amount that can be contained
determined by chance or impulse rather than by necessity
tending to find and call attention to faults
of or relating to the Carboniferous geologic era
relating to flesh-eating animals
of or relating to cartilage
showing careful forethought
being or suggesting a large dark enclosed space
harshly critical or expressing censure
characterized by pomp and stately display
attentive and honorable like an ideal knight
deviating from a straight course
conspicuously and offensively loud
large and roomy
briefly giving the gist of something
corresponding in character or kind
of or relating to cone-bearing trees or shrubs
related by blood
characterized by extreme care and great effort
having awareness of surroundings and sensations and thoughts
obvious to the eye or mind
(of disease) capable of being spread by infection
occurring in the same period of time
expressing extreme scorn
showing an inclination to disagree
having a common boundary or edge
moving in time or space without interruption
willfully obstinate; stubbornly disobedient
arrogantly insolent
large in number or quantity
being of equal extent or scope or duration
able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching
characterized by politeness and gracious good manners
immoderately desirous of acquiring something
showing a lack of judgment or experience
difficult to handle or use especially because of size or weight
(of a woman’s body) having a large bosom and pleasing curves
relating to, existing on, or affecting the skin
involving or causing risk; liable to hurt or harm
shedding foliage at the end of the growing season
sloping down rather steeply
characterized by propriety and dignity and good taste
harmful to living things
extremely pleasing to the sense of taste
experiencing hallucinations
having or expressing an inclination to want something
turning away from a straight course
skillful in physical movements; especially of the hands
so thin as to transmit light
divided into two sharply distinguished parts
constituting a disadvantage
having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences
showing no politeness
not straightforward or candid
showing an inclination to disagree
showing sorrow
fraught with uncertainty or doubt
marked by deliberate deceptiveness
willingly obedient out of a sense of respect
devouring or craving food in great quantities
giving the power to produce an intended result
conspicuously and outrageously bad or reprehensible
characterized by or arising from imitation
derived or originating internally
extraordinarily large in size or extent or degree
painfully desirous of another’s advantages
relating to a name derived from a person
calm in mind or temper; in full control of one’s faculties
containing or characterized by mistakes
having a pleasant sound
extremely scanty
derived or originating externally
marked by speed and efficiency
with little or no preparation or forethought
not belonging to that in which it is contained
extremely pleasing
cleverly amusing in tone
dissenting with the majority opinion
not produced by natural forces; artificial or fake
containing or based on incorrect reasoning
widely known and esteemed
very good;of the highest quality
this is a more informal word
giving careful attention to detail
devoid of intelligence
exhibiting an agreeably appropriate manner or style
involving or being or having the nature of a crime
marked by extreme and violent energy
of or relating to or containing iron
resembling or composed of elongated threadlike structures
formed or conceived by the imagination
extremely wicked, deeply criminal
behaving in a way to suggest a playful attraction to someone
lucky; occurring by happy chance
easily irritated or annoyed
not serious in content, attitude, or behavior
lasting a very short time
amazingly impressive
marked by extreme anger
of something having a dusky brownish grey color
full of trivial conversation
existing as or having characteristics of a gas
thick like gelatin
willing to give and share unstintingly
(used of the moon) more than half full
having an air of allure, romance and excitement
having or deserving or conferring high honor
having the sticky properties of an adhesive
given to excess in consumption of especially food or drink
dazzlingly beautiful
characterized by kindness and warm courtesy
unnecessary and unwarranted
temperamentally seeking and enjoying the company of others
causing or marked by grief or anguish
exhibiting equivalence or correspondence among constituents
involving risk or danger
extremely wicked or deeply criminal
characteristic of a nonwoody herb or plant part
feeding only on plants
consisting of elements not of the same kind or nature
consisting of elements that are not of the same kind
derived from organisms of a different but related species
having dissimilar alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci
grossly offensive to decency or morality; causing horror
extremely funny; causing laughter
all of the same or similar kind or nature
all of the same or similar kind or nature
similar in position, structure, function, or characteristics
having identical alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci
causing fear or dread or terror
very large
characterized by the power to evoke laughter
containing combined water
relating to or practicing idolatry
produced by the action of fire or intense heat
deserving or bringing disgrace or shame
widely known and esteemed
not having enough money to pay for necessities
having or showing arrogant superiority
not admitting of passage or capable of being affected
characterized by undue haste and lack of thought
lacking piety or reverence for a god
boding ill
lacking in caution
uncomfortably or inconveniently small
lacking in harmony or compatibility or appropriateness
not prominent or readily noticeable
not disposed or willing to believe; unbelieving
showing absence of intellectual inquisitiveness or natural curiosity
lacking propriety and good taste in manners and conduct
originating where it is found
characterized by hard work and perseverance
lacking the power to produce a desired effect
known widely and usually unfavorably
relating to the invasion of germs that cause disease
not appropriate in application; defective
showing inventiveness and skill
lacking in sophistication or worldliness
deserving or bringing disgrace or shame
not in harmony
characterized by injustice or wickedness
harmful to living things
not injurious to physical or mental health
too numerous to be counted
detrimental to health
(of animals and plants) feeding on insects
working or spreading in a hidden and usually injurious way
occurring with no delay
within or by means of a vein
containing or implying a slight or showing prejudice
hostile or indifferent to religion
suspicious or fearful of being displaced by a rival
full of or characterized by happiness
marked by the exercise of common sense in practical matters
characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion
lacking spirit or liveliness
driven by lust
given to excessive indulgence in sexual activity
driven by lust
lacking moral discipline
consisting of or resembling wood
of or relating to legal proceedings
showing patient and unruffled self-control and restraint under adversity; slow to retaliate or express resentment
full of trivial conversation
characterized by lust
inviting ridicule
excessively mournful
softly bright or radiant
having strong sexual appeal
reflecting light
furnishing gratification to the senses
noble and generous in spirit
having the nature of threatening evil
having an unpleasant smell
extraordinarily good or great
pleasing to the ear
having a musical sound; especially a pleasing tune
characterized by formation of a membrane
given to lying
tastelessly showy
deserving reward or praise
marked by precise accordance with details
peculiarly fortunate, as if by divine intervention
having many aspects
naughtily or annoyingly playful
hating women in particular
of very great significance
having one mate
sounded or spoken in a tone unvarying in pitch
distorted and unnatural in shape or size
biting or given to biting
containing many mountains
having many aspects
producing more than one offspring at a time
too numerous to be counted
characteristic of or capable of or having a tendency toward killing another human being
characterized by soft sounds
characterized by a rebellion against authority
beyond ordinary understanding
causing a sick feeling
lacking definite form or limits
poor enough to need help from others
extremely wicked
of or relating to a system of sensory apparatus
known widely and usually unfavorably
injurious to physical or mental health
amounting to a large indefinite number
of or relating to or characteristic of a spirit
of or providing nourishment
lacking conscious awareness of
causing disapproval or protest
attempting to win favor from influential people by flattery
noisily and stubbornly defiant
easily perceived by the senses or grasped by the mind
extremely repulsive or unpleasant
emitting a smell, especially an unpleasant smell
having a characteristic aroma
intrusive in a meddling or offensive manner
containing an unusual amount of grease or oil
threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments
of all varieties or forms or kinds
feeding on both plants and animals
burdensome or difficult to endure
expressing offensive reproach
composed of or containing bone
intended to attract notice and impress others
greatly exceeding bounds of reason or moderation
marked by excessive enthusiasm for a cause or idea
egg-laying
fraught with danger
excessively unwilling to spend
hanging loosely or bending downward
excessively unwilling to spend
tending to betray
fraught with danger
exceedingly harmful
mentally acute or penetratingly discerning
transparently clear; easily understandable
stubbornly unyielding
admitting of passage or entrance
contaminated with infecting organisms
resembling stone in hardness
containing or characteristic of phosphorus
having or showing or expressing reverence for a deity
feeding on fishes
deserving or inciting a feeling of sympathy and sorrow
dull and tiresome but with pretensions of significance or originality
affording an abundant supply
having the qualities of a substance that causes death
having more than one mate at a time
puffed up with vanity
having great mass and weight and unwieldiness
densely filled with inhabitants
full of holes
of momentous or ominous significance
occurring or coming into existence after a person’s death
not secure; beset with difficulties
of high worth or cost
extremely steep
characterized by exceptionally early development
inviting ridicule
having an excellent reputation; respected
going beyond what is appropriate, permitted, or courteous
creating an appearance of importance or distinction
just preceding something else in time or order
great in size, force, extent, or degree
casual and unrestrained in sexual behavior
presenting favorable circumstances
in fortunate circumstances financially
ready and able to resort to force or violence
having great physical beauty
marked by precise accordance with details
lacking in courage, strength, and resolution
habitually complaining
noisy and lacking in restraint or discipline
displaying raging violence; often destructive
showing deep-seated resentment
living by preying on other animals
feeling great delight
unpleasantly loud and harsh
extremely hungry
resisting control or authority
having or showing belief in and reverence for a deity
a meeting planned at a certain time and place
the ‘ous’ isn’t the suffix, but it still ends with those letters
characterized by doing or performing again
incongruous or absurd
morally justified
strict; allowing no deviation from a standard
characterized by unrest or disorder or insubordination
competitive and eager to surpass others
extremely harmful; bringing catastrophe
noisy and lacking in restraint or discipline
grossly irreverent toward what is considered holy
acutely insightful and wise
suggestive of or tending to moral looseness
promoting health
excessively or hypocritically pious
accompanied by bloodshed
feeding on dead or decaying animal matter
giving offense to moral sensibilities
extremely pleasing to the sense of taste
characterized by extreme care and great effort
expressing offensive, insulting, or scandalous criticism
containing an unusual amount of grease or oil
arousing to action or rebellion
marked by care and persistent effort
aware of yourself as an individual or of your own being
excessively or hypocritically pious
partially conscious; not completely aware of sensations
providing perceptible pleasure or gratification
concise and full of meaning
lucky in making unexpected and fortunate discoveries
of great consequence
occurring or operating at the same time
curved or curving in and out
harmful and often untrue; tending to discredit or malign
accompanied by bloodshed
inclined to or marked by drowsiness
inclined to or marked by drowsiness
full of anxiety and concern
sleep inducing
full and loud and deep
having ample room
plausible but false
shaped like a spine or thorn
containing or of the nature of alcohol
extraordinarily grand or impressive
said or done without having been planned in advance
plausible but false
of or relating to or containing tin
of breathing having a heavy snoring sound
Appears several times in «Dracula» by Bram Stoker
taxing to the utmost; testing powers of endurance
characterized by diligent study and fondness for reading
so great in size, force, or extent as to elicit awe
just below the level of awareness
located or applied under the skin
of or related to or containing sulfur or derived from sulfur
rich and superior in quality
having or showing arrogant superiority
more than is needed, desired, or required
showing faith in magic and ignorance of the laws of nature
based primarily on surmise rather than adequate evidence
marked by quiet and caution and secrecy
openly distrustful and unwilling to confide
harmonious in sound
occurring or existing at the same time
meaning the same or nearly the same
so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness
characterized by violent emotions or behavior
stubbornly unyielding
having a strong bias, especially a controversial one
dark and gloomy
lacking substance or significance
loud enough to cause (temporary) hearing loss
shy and fearful by nature
of or pertaining to a wrong committed against another
marked by repeated turns and bends
extremely painful or unpleasant
having the character of, or characteristic of, a betrayer
dangerously unstable and unpredictable
constituting or having the characteristic of betrayal
extraordinarily large in extent or amount or power
quivering as from weakness or fear
characterized by unrest or disorder or insubordination
marked by unjust severity, cruelty, or arbitrary behavior
being present everywhere at once
having or exhibiting a single clearly defined meaning
in complete agreement
lacking awareness and the capacity for sensory perception
unpleasantly and excessively suave or ingratiating
lacking in magnanimity
not challenging; dull and lacking excitement
lacking charm and good taste
producing only one offspring at a time
not behaving in an artificial way to impress others; natural
not righteous
without principles
uncontrollably noisy
greatly exceeding bounds of reason or moderation
foolishly fond of or submissive to your wife
devoid of matter
feeling self-importance
having or showing the qualities of a hero or heroine
resembling or characteristic of vapor
having great diversity or variety
extremely poisonous or injurious
of or contained in or performing the function of the veins
disposed to take risks
habitually speaking the truth
of the nature of vermin; very offensive or repulsive
having or causing a whirling sensation; liable to falling
causing irritation or annoyance
experienced at secondhand
having the nature of evildoing
having won
characterized by forceful and energetic action or activity
extremely wicked
morally excellent
having a relatively high resistance to flow
relating to or resembling or derived from glass
vigorous and animated
producing living young and not eggs
conspicuously and offensively loud
large in capacity or bulk
displaying luxury and furnishing gratification to the senses
devouring or craving food in great quantities
living by preying on other animals especially by catching living prey
extraordinarily good or great
of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk
marked by active interest and enthusiasm
(of animals) carnivorous
Appears several times in «Dracula» by Bram Stoker