What is a specific word choice

Table of Contents

  1. What are word choice examples?
  2. What term means word choice?
  3. What is word choice in grammar?
  4. Why is word choice important?
  5. What is the best definition of choice?
  6. What is your choice meaning?
  7. What is word choice in speech?
  8. How does word choice affect meaning?
  9. What is word choice in speech writing?
  10. What is the meaning of my choice?
  11. What is another word for “word choice”?
  12. Is there a term for “word choice”?
  13. What are the types of word choice?
  14. What are some examples of word choice or diction?

Word Choice refers to the specific vocabulary the writer uses to convey meaning and enlighten the reader. Word Choice is the use of rich, colorful, precise language that communicates not just in a functional way, but in a way that moves and enlightens the reader.

What are word choice examples?

Example

as fresh as a daisy as slow as molasses as white as snow
chip off the old block dead of winter dirt cheap
don’t upset the apple cart down to earth flat as a pancake
for everything there is a season from feast to famine go with the flow
gone to pot green with envy growing like a weed

What term means word choice?

Diction
Diction (Latin: dictionem (nom. dictio), “a saying, expression, word”), in its original meaning, is a writer’s or speaker’s distinctive vocabulary choices and style of expression in a poem or story.

What is word choice in grammar?

Word choice is also commonly known as diction. Diction is defined as thinking clearly about each specific word that is chosen. When choosing words, it is important to watch out for commonly confused words and to make sure that idioms are used correctly.

Why is word choice important?

All strong writers have something in common: they understand the value of word choice in writing. Strong word choice uses vocabulary and language to maximum effect, creating clear moods and images and making your stories and poems more powerful and vivid.

What is the best definition of choice?

1 : the act of picking between two or more possibilities You have some choices to make. 2 : the power of choosing : option If I had a choice, I’d stay here. 3 : a person or thing chosen This restaurant was a good choice. 4 : a range of possibilities to choose from The menu offers a lot of choice.

What is your choice meaning?

something of your choice is the thing that you choose when you do not have any limits.

What is word choice in speech?

Word choice is a person’s choice or selection of words. It is a manner in which something is expressed in words. The choice of words is the style of expression. A person, in general, chooses words to which he feels comfortable, confident, and simple enough for a general audience to understand.

How does word choice affect meaning?

Strong word choice uses vocabulary and language to maximum effect, creating clear moods and images and making your stories and poems more powerful and vivid. The meaning of “word choice” may seem self-explanatory, but to truly transform your style and writing, we need to dissect the elements of choosing the right word.

What is word choice in speech writing?

Word Choice is the use of rich, colorful, precise language that communicates not just in a. functional way, but in a way that moves and enlightens the reader. In good descriptive. writing, strong word choice paints pictures in the reader’s mind.

What is the meaning of my choice?

1 the act or an instance of choosing or selecting. 2 the opportunity or power of choosing. 3 a person or thing chosen or that may be chosen.

What is another word for “word choice”?

Now another fancy word for word choice is, diction. You hear that a little bit more when you are talking about literature and different authors’ word choice. But essentially diction is making sure you are really clearly thinking about the words you are choosing to use.

Is there a term for “word choice”?

In rhetoric and composition, diction is the choice and use of words in speech or writing. Also called word choice. In phonology and phonetics, diction is a way of speaking, usually judged in terms of prevailing standards of pronunciation and elocution. Also called enunciation and articulation.

What are the types of word choice?

Top Word Choice in Each Big Five Personality Traits: Openness: folk, humans, of, poet, art. Conscientious: completed, adventure, stupid, boring, adventures. Extroverts: bar, other, drinks, restaurant, dancing. Agreeable: wonderful, together, visiting, morning, spring. Neuroticism : awful, though, lazy, worse, depressing.

What are some examples of word choice or diction?

Diction is the careful selection of words to communicate a message or establish a particular voice or writing style. For example, flowy, figurative language creates colorful prose, while a more formal vocabulary with concise and direct language can help drive home a point.

Sometimes you can tell a person’s opinion on a certain subject, item, idea, or even another individual — not by what they say, but by how they say it. The words a speaker or writer uses to describe and communicate something to others, their word choice or diction, shows their attitude or tone. Although you may not know it, the way you describe something often tells others additional information about what you think.

Many orators, writers, and master communicators have learned to choose their words carefully when communicating an idea to be as effective as possible with their message. Word choice, also known as diction, is important to help communicate the right tone and influence your audience.

Tone and Word Choice Meaning

Tone and word choice, or diction, are specific style choices writers use when composing a piece to convey their message effectively.

The tone is the author’s attitude towards the subject or even a character within a novel.

Word choice, or diction, refers to the author’s specific words, imagery, and figurative language to communicate that tone.

The specific word choices an author employs directly affect and reveal the tone.

To select the right words, authors must pay close attention to both the denotation and connotation of words.

Denotation is the literal dictionary definition of a word.

Connotation is the underlying meaning of a word or the emotional charge it carries. Connotation can be negative, positive, or neutral.

Tone and word choice dictionary definition StudySmarterFig. 1 — To find a word’s denotative meaning, you should look in a dictionary.

Several words can have the same denotative meaning yet carry a different connotative meaning. The connotation of a word can vary from culture to culture and based on life experiences.

Carefully chosen diction can help writers effectively communicate an idea or perspective and develop a unique voice and style. Word choice enables authentic communication and ensures the tone and message of a piece are aligned or in agreement.Carefully selected diction is crucial when defining the purpose of your writing. It is often appropriate to use detailed descriptions, figurative language, and imagery for narrative, prose, and poetry. However, if you are writing a research paper for biology, your language will be more scientific and the diction more direct and factual.

Tone and mood are often confused. While they are related, they differ in one central aspect. Tone is the author’s attitude toward a subject, idea, situation, or character, while mood is the audience’s or reader’s emotional response. The tone of a piece can be humorous, while the mood is lighthearted and fun. An author may use description to show their dislike toward a character, while the readers may relate to the character and feel empathy.

Tone and Word Choice StudySmarterA wide range of emotions can be expressed through word choice.

The Reason for Careful Word Choice

Carefully chosen diction is essential in writing. The types of words an author or orator decides to use depends on the purpose of their writing or speech. Carefully selected words, phrases, and descriptions can do a lot.

Word Choice Matches Your Tone and Purpose

An informative text, such as a non-fiction research article, will have more professional, content-specific, and technical diction because its purpose is to inform a specific audience. A literary fiction piece will have more detailed language, figures of speech, imagery, and conversational language because one of the primary purposes of fiction is to entice a reader, engage with the audience, and entertain.

Word Choice Creates the Right Setting

The language authors use when developing a story to describe characters, time, and place must be in agreement for readers to accept the story as realistic. Authors often use strong descriptive words to help establish the setting, create a mood, and give an authentic feeling to the story.

Word Choice Develops a Narrative Voice

A consistent narrative voice helps readers connect to the piece of writing and establishes a trustworthy relationship between reader and narrator.

Word Choice Creates Better Characters

Authors and orators often use language specific to a particular region, dialect, and accents to provide a realistic portrayal of a character or relate to the audience. Presenters who are not from Texas may use typical Texas colloquialisms, such as «y’all,» which is a combination of the words «you» and «all,» to relate to the listeners. A young character in a fiction piece may speak with a lot of slang or foul language to show immaturity. A character’s use of specific diction can indicate their gender, level of education, occupation, upbringing, or even social class.

A colloquialism is an informal word or phrase often used in daily conversation. Some colloquialisms may be specific to a region, culture, or religion.

Tone and Word Choice Examples

Some descriptive words have the same denotative meaning but carry different connotations. Using careful word choice, especially when selecting the proper synonym or a descriptive adjective, can create the desired effect and convey the appropriate tone for a piece. Consider the following table of examples.

Word (with neutral connotation) Denotation Synonym with a positive connotation Synonym with a negative connotation
Thin having little flesh or fat Slender Skinny
Overweight above a weight considered normal or desirable Thick Fat
Strict demanding that rules are followed or obeyed Firm Austere

Have you noticed a difference in someone’s tone when they call someone slender vs when they call someone skinny?

Impact of Word Choice on Meaning and Tone

Selecting words with a positive connotation will reflect a more amiable tone toward the subject, while words with a negative connotation will convey a negative attitude toward a subject. Words with a neutral connotation are best used when an author does not want to reveal their attitude or, in instances, such as a scientific paper, where only the facts are important.

Difference Between Tone and Word Choice

Word choice and tone are related. Word choice refers to the language specifically chosen by the author or orator to help convey their attitude regarding a notion, story, or setting. Word choice shapes the tone. On the other hand, the desired tone an author seeks dictates the words they use. If the author wants to establish a worried tone, some key diction and phrases within the piece might be words like «tentatively,» «shaking,» «stressed,» «nervous,» «sweaty,» «eyes darting,» and «looking over his shoulder.» To portray a more optimistic tone, an author might select words like «eagerly,» «excitedly,» «hopeful,» «reassuring,» and «anticipated.» Keyword choice is the foundation that builds a consistent tone.

Tone and word choice StudySmarter Fig. 3 — What is the tone of this image? A worried man sits and thinks, and the worried tone should be reflected in the word choice.

The Four Components of Tone

Whether an article is a non-fiction piece, a fictive story, a poem, or an informative article, the tone the writer uses helps audience members have the appropriate reaction to the information by creating the mood. There are four basic components of tone, and diction dictates the balance of emotions. Authors aim to maintain the same tone throughout a piece to convey a consistent message. The four components of tone range from:

  1. Funny to serious
  2. Casual to formal
  3. Irreverent to respectful
  4. Enthusiastic to matter-of-fact (direct)

Writers choose the voice they want to deliver and then focus on specific word choices to maintain their tone. Pieces that move too often between distinct tones can be hard for readers to follow and cause confusion.

Types of Tones

The tone in writing indicates a particular attitude. Here are some types of tones with examples from the literature and speeches.

The diction that helps to convey the tone is highlighted.

When I pulled the trigger I did not hear the bang or feel the kick—one never does when a shot goes home—but I heard the devilish roar of glee that went up from the crowd. In that instant, in too short a time, one would have thought, even for the bullet to get there, a mysterious, terrible change had come over the elephant. He neither stirred nor fell, but every line of his body had altered. He looked suddenly stricken, shrunken, immensely old, as though the frightful impact of the bullet had paralyzed him without knocking him down.1

In this excerpt from Orwell’s essay, «Shooting an Elephant,» the gruesome tone is communicated through Orwell’s descriptive word choice. The words «terrible,» «suddenly stricken,» and «paralyzed» describe the horrific reaction the elephant has when the first bullet hits.

Inside the house lived a malevolent phantom. People said he existed, but Jem and I had never seen him. People said he went out at night when the moon was down, and peeped in windows. When people’s azaleas froze in a cold snap, it was because he had breathed on them. Any stealthy small crimes committed in Maycomb were his work. Once the town was terrorized by a series of morbid nocturnal events: people’s chickens and household pets were found mutilated; although the culprit was Crazy Addie, who eventually drowned himself in Barker’s Eddy, people still looked at the Radley Place, unwilling to discard their initial suspicions.2

In this excerpt from Chapter 1 of To Kill a Mockingbird, descriptive words help to create a foreboding tone. Words like «morbid,» «mutilated,» «terrorized,» and «malevolent phantom» reveal Scout’s sense of fear and apprehension.

Hope» is the thing with feathers —

That perches in the soul —

And sings the tune without the words —

And never stops — at all —

And sweetest — in the Gale — is heard —

And sore must be the storm —

That could abash the little Bird

That kept so many warm

I’ve heard it in the chillest land —

And on the strangest Sea —

Yet — never — in Extremity,

It asked a crumb — of me.3

In this poem by Emily Dickinson, the cheerful tone is communicated through the words «perches,» «sings,» and «sweetest.»

Tone and Word Choice — Key Takeaways

  • Word choice refers to the specific language, words, phrases, descriptions, and figures of speech authors choose to create a desired effect.
  • Tone is the author’s attitude toward a subject as conveyed by their word choice in a given piece.
  • Denotation is the dictionary definition of a word and connotation is the underlying meaning of a word and its emotional charge.
  • Connotation is the underlying meaning of a word or the emotional charge it carries. Connotation can be negative, positive, or neutral.
  • The four components of tone are, funny to serious, casual to formal, irreverent to respectful, and enthusiastic to matter-of-fact.

1 George Orwell. «Shooting an Elephant.» 1936.

2 Lee Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. 1960.

3 Emily Dickinson. ‘»Hope» is the thing with feathers.’ 1891.

All strong writers have something in common: they understand the value of word choice in writing. Strong word choice uses vocabulary and language to maximum effect, creating clear moods and images and making your stories and poems more powerful and vivid.

The meaning of “word choice” may seem self-explanatory, but to truly transform your style and writing, we need to dissect the elements of choosing the right word. This article will explore what word choice is, and offer some examples of effective word choice, before giving you 5 word choice exercises to try for yourself.

Word Choice Definition: The Four Elements of Word Choice

The definition of word choice extends far beyond the simplicity of “choosing the right words.” Choosing the right word takes into consideration many different factors, and finding the word that packs the most punch requires both a great vocabulary and a great understanding of the nuances in English.

Choosing the right word involves the following four considerations, with word choice examples.

1. Meaning

Words can be chosen for one of two meanings: the denotative meaning or the connotative meaning. Denotation refers to the word’s basic, literal dictionary definition and usage. By contrast, connotation refers to how the word is being used in its given context: which of that word’s many uses, associations, and connections are being employed.

A word’s denotative meaning is its literal dictionary definition, while its connotative meaning is the web of uses and associations it carries in context.

We play with denotations and connotations all the time in colloquial English. As a simple example, when someone says “greaaaaaat” sarcastically, we know that what they’re referring to isn’t “great” at all. In context, the word “great” connotes its opposite: something so bad that calling it “great” is intentionally ridiculous. When we use words connotatively, we’re letting context drive the meaning of the sentence.

The rich web of connotations in language are crucial to all writing, and perhaps especially so to poetry, as in the following lines from Derek Walcott’s Nobel-prize-winning epic poem Omeros:

In hill-towns, from San Fernando to Mayagüez,
the same sunrise stirred the feathered lances of cane
down the archipelago’s highways. The first breeze

rattled the spears and their noise was like distant rain
marching down from the hills, like a shell at your ears.

Sugar cane isn’t, literally, made of “feathered lances,” which would literally denote “long metal spears adorned with bird feathers”; but feathered connotes “branching out,” the way sugar cane does, and lances connotes something tall, straight, and pointy, as sugar cane is. Together, those two words create a powerfully true visual image of sugar cane—in addition to establishing the martial language (“spears,” “marching”) used elsewhere in the passage.

Whether in poetry or prose, strong word choice can unlock images, emotions, and more in the reader, and the associations and connotations that words bring with them play a crucial role in this.

2. Specificity

Use words that are both correct in meaning and specific in description.

In the sprawling English language, one word can have dozens of synonyms. That’s why it’s important to use words that are both correct in meaning and specific in description. Words like “good,” “average,” and “awful” are far less descriptive and specific than words like “liberating” (not just good but good and freeing), “C student” (not just average but academically average), and “despicable” (not just awful but morally awful). These latter words pack more meaning than their blander counterparts.

Since more precise words give the reader added context, specificity also opens the door for more poetic opportunities. Take the short poem “[You Fit Into Me]” by Margaret Atwood.

You fit into me
like a hook into an eye

A fish hook

An open eye

The first stanza feels almost romantic until we read the second stanza. By clarifying her language, Atwood creates a simple yet highly emotive duality.

This is also why writers like Stephen King advocate against the use of adverbs (adjectives that modify verbs or other adjectives, like “very”). If your language is precise, you don’t need adverbs to modify the verbs or adjectives, as those words are already doing enough work. Consider the following comparison:

Weak description with adverbs: He cooks quite badly; the food is almost always extremely overdone.

Strong description, no adverbs: He incinerates food.

Of course, non-specific words are sometimes the best word, too! These words are often colloquially used, so they’re great for writing description, writing through a first-person narrative, or for transitional passages of prose.

3. Audience

Good word choice takes the reader into consideration. You probably wouldn’t use words like “lugubrious” or “luculent” in a young adult novel, nor would you use words like “silly” or “wonky” in a legal document.

This is another way of saying that word choice conveys not only direct meaning, but also a web of associations and feelings that contribute to building the reader’s world. What world does the word “wonky” help build for your reader, and what world does the word “seditious” help build? Depending on the overall environment you’re working to create for the reader, either word could be perfect—or way out of place.

4. Style

Consider your word choice to be the fingerprint of your writing.

Consider your word choice to be the fingerprint of your writing. Every writer uses words differently, and as those words come to form poems, stories, and books, your unique grasp on the English language will be recognizable by all your readers.

Style isn’t something you can point to, but rather a way of describing how a writer writes. Ernest Hemingway, for example, is known for his terse, no-nonsense, to-the-point styles of description. Virginia Woolf, by contrast, is known for writing that’s poetic, intense, and melodramatic, and James Joyce for his lofty, superfluous writing style.

Here’s a paragraph from Joyce:

Had Pyrrhus not fallen by a beldam’s hand in Argos or Julius Caesar not been knifed to death. They are not to be thought away. Time has branded them and fettered they are lodged in the room of the infinite possibilities they have ousted.

And here’s one from Hemingway:

Bill had gone into the bar. He was standing talking with Brett, who was sitting on a high stool, her legs crossed. She had no stockings on.

Style is best observed and developed through a portfolio of writing. As you write more and form an identity as a writer, the bits of style in your writing will form constellations.

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Word Choice in Writing: The Importance of Verbs

Before we offer some word choice exercises to expand your writing horizons, we first want to mention the importance of verbs. Verbs, as you may recall, are the “action” of the sentence—they describe what the subject of the sentence actually does. Unless you are intentionally breaking grammar rules, all sentences must have a verb, otherwise they don’t communicate much to the reader.

Because verbs are the most important part of the sentence, they are something you must focus on when expanding the reaches of your word choice. Verbs are the most widely variegated units of language; the more “things” you can do in the world, the more verbs there are to describe them, making them great vehicles for both figurative language and vivid description.

Consider the following three sentences:

  1. The road runs through the hills.
  2. The road curves through the hills.
  3. The road meanders through the hills.

Which sentence is the most descriptive? Though each of them has the same subject, object, and number of words, the third sentence creates the clearest image. The reader can visualize a road curving left and right through a hilly terrain, whereas the first two sentences require more thought to see clearly.

Finally, this resource on verb usage does a great job at highlighting how to invent and expand your verb choice.

Word Choice in Writing: Economy and Concision

Strong word choice means that every word you write packs a punch. As we’ve seen with adverbs above, you may find that your writing becomes more concise and economical—delivering more impact per word. Above all, you may find that you omit needless words.

Omit needless words is, in fact, a general order issued by Strunk and White in their classic Elements of Style. As they explain it:

Vigorous writing is concise. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts. This requires not that the writer make all his sentences short, or that he avoid all detail and treat his subjects only in outline, but that every word tell.

It’s worth repeating that this doesn’t mean your writing becomes clipped or terse, but simply that “every word tell.” As our word choice improves—as we omit needless words and express ourselves more precisely—our writing becomes richer, whether we write in long or short sentences.

As an example, here’s the opening sentence of a random personal essay from a high school test preparation handbook:

The world is filled with a numerous amount of student athletes that could somewhere down the road have a bright future.

Most words in this sentence are needless. It could be edited down to:

Many student athletes could have a bright future.

Now let’s take some famous lines from Shakespeare’s Macbeth. Can you remove a single word without sacrificing an enormous richness of meaning?

Out, out, brief candle!
Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player,
That struts and frets his hour upon the stage,
And then is heard no more. It is a tale
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing.

In strong writing, every single word is chosen for maximum impact. This is the true meaning of concise or economical writing.

5 Word Choice Exercises to Sharpen Your Writing

With our word choice definition in mind, as well as our discussions of verb use and concision, let’s explore the following exercises to put theory into practice. As you play around with words in the following word choice exercises, be sure to consider meaning, specificity, style, and (if applicable) audience.

1. Build Moods With Word Choice

Writers fine-tune their words because the right vocabulary will build lush, emotive worlds. As you expand your word choice and consider the weight of each word, focus on targeting precise emotions in your descriptions and figurative language.

This kind of point is best illustrated through word choice examples. An example of magnificent language is the poem “In Defense of Small Towns” by Oliver de la Paz. The poem’s ambivalent feelings toward small hometowns presents itself through the mood of the writing.

The poem is filled with tense descriptions, like “animal deaths and toughened hay” and “breeches speared with oil and diesel,” which present the small town as stoic and masculine. This, reinforced by the terse stanzas and the rare “chances for forgiveness,” offers us a bleak view of the town; yet it’s still a town where everything is important, from “the outline of every leaf” to the weightless flight of cattail seeds.

The writing’s terse, heavy mood exists because of the poem’s juxtaposition of masculine and feminine words. The challenge of building a mood produces this poem’s gravity and sincerity.

Try to write a poem, or even a sentence, that evokes a particular mood through words that bring that word to mind. Here’s an example:

  1. What mood do you want to evoke? flighty
  2. What words feel like they evoke that mood? not sure, whatever, maybe, perhaps, tomorrow, sometimes, sigh
  3. Try it in a sentence: “Maybe tomorrow we could see about looking at the lab results.” She sighed. “Perhaps.”

2. Invent New Words and Terms

A common question writers ask is, What is one way to revise for word choice? One trick to try is to make up new language in your revisions.

If you create language at a crucial moment, you might be able to highlight something that our current language can’t.

In the same way that unusual verbs highlight the action and style of your story, inventing words that don’t exist can also create powerful diction. Of course, your writing shouldn’t overflow with made-up words and pretentious portmanteaus, but if you create language at a crucial moment, you might be able to highlight something that our current language can’t.

A great example of an invented word is the phrase “wine-dark sea.” Understanding this invention requires a bit of history; in short, Homer describes the sea as “οἶνοψ πόντος”, or “wine-faced.” “Wine-dark,” then, is a poetic translation, a kind of kenning for the sea’s mystery.

Why “wine-dark” specifically? Perhaps because, like the sea, wine changes us; maybe the eyes of the sea are dark, as eyes often darken with wine; perhaps the sea is like a face, an inversion, a reflection of the self. In its endlessness, we see what we normally cannot.

Thus, “wine-dark” is a poetic combination of words that leads to intensive literary analysis. For a less historical example, I’m currently working on my poetry thesis, with pop culture monsters being the central theme of the poems. In one poem, I describe love as being “frankensteined.” By using this monstrous made-up verb in place of “stitched,” the poem’s attitude toward love is much clearer.

Try inventing a word or phrase whose meaning will be as clear to the reader as “wine-dark sea.” Here’s an example:

  1. What do you want to describe? feeling sorry for yourself because you’ve been stressed out for a long time
  2. What are some words that this feeling brings up? self-pity, sympathy, sadness, stress, compassion, busyness, love, anxiety, pity party, feeling sorry for yourself
  3. What are some fun ways to combine these words? sadxiety, stresslove
  4. Try it in a sentence: As all-nighter wore on, my anxiety softened into sadxiety: still edgy, but soft in the middle.

3. Only Use Words of Certain Etymologies

One of the reasons that the English language is so large and inconsistent is that it borrows words from every language. When you dig back into the history of loanwords, the English language is incredibly interesting!

(For example, many of our legal terms, such as judge, jury, and plaintiff, come from French. When the Normans [old French-speakers from Northern France] conquered England, their language became the language of power and nobility, so we retained many of our legal terms from when the French ruled the British Isles.)

Nerdy linguistics aside, etymologies also make for a fun word choice exercise. Try forcing yourself to write a poem or a story only using words of certain etymologies and avoiding others. For example, if you’re only allowed to use nouns and verbs that we borrowed from the French, then you can’t use Anglo-Saxon nouns like “cow,” “swine,” or “chicken,” but you can use French loanwords like “beef,” “pork,” and “poultry.”

Experiment with word etymologies and see how they affect the mood of your writing. You might find this to be an impactful facet of your word choice. You can Google “__ etymology” for any word to see its origin, and “__ synonym” to see synonyms.

Try writing a sentence only with roots from a single origin. (You can ignore common words like “the,” “a,” “of,” and so on.)

  1. What do you want to write? The apple rolled off the table.
  2. Try a first etymology: German: The apple wobbled off the bench.
  3. Try a second: Latin: The russet fruit rolled off the table.

4. Write in E-Prime

E-Prime Writing describes a writing style where you only write using the active voice. By eschewing all forms of the verb “to be”—using words such as “is,” “am,” “are,” “was,” and other “being” verbs—your writing should feel more clear, active, and precise!

E-Prime not only removes the passive voice (“The bottle was picked up by James”), but it gets at the reality that many sentences using to be are weakly constructed, even if they’re technically in the active voice.

Of course, E-Prime writing isn’t the best type of writing for every project. The above paragraph is written in E-Prime, but stretching it out across this entire article would be tricky. The intent of E-Prime writing is to make all of your subjects active and to make your verbs more impactful. While this is a fun word choice exercise and a great way to create memorable language, it probably isn’t sustainable for a long writing project.

Try writing a paragraph in E-Prime:

  1. What do you want to write? Of course, E-Prime writing isn’t the best type of writing for every project. The above paragraph is written in E-Prime, but stretching it out across this entire article would be tricky. The intent of E-Prime writing is to make all of your subjects active and to make your verbs more impactful. While this is a fun word choice exercise and a great way to create memorable language, it probably isn’t sustainable for a long writing project.
  2. Converted to E-Prime: Of course, E-Prime writing won’t best suit every project. The above paragraph uses E-Prime, but stretching it out across this entire article would carry challenges. E-Prime writing endeavors to make all of your subjects active, and your verbs more impactful. While this word choice exercise can bring enjoyment and create memorable language, you probably can’t sustain it over a long writing project.

5. Write Blackout Poetry

Blackout poetry, also known as Found Poetry, is a visual creative writing project. You take a page from a published source and create a poem by blacking out other words until your circled words create a new poem. The challenge is that you’re limited to the words on a page, so you need a charged use of both space and language to make a compelling blackout poem.

Blackout poetry bottoms out our list of great word choice exercises because it forces you to consider the elements of word choice. With blackout poems, certain words might be read connotatively rather than denotatively, or you might change the meaning and specificity of a word by using other words nearby. Language is at its most fluid and interpretive in blackout poems!

For a great word choice example using blackout poetry, read “The Author Writes the First Draft of His Wedding Vows” by Hanif Willis-Abdurraqib. Here it is visually:

wedding vows blackout poetry

Source: https://decreation.tumblr.com/post/620222983530807296/from-the-crown-aint-worth-much-by-hanif

Pick a favorite poem of your own and make something completely new out of it using blackout poetry.

How to Expand Your Vocabulary

Vocabulary is a last topic in word choice. The more words in your arsenal, the better. Great word choice doesn’t rely on a large vocabulary, but knowing more words will always help! So, how do you expand your vocabulary?

The simplest way to expand your vocabulary is by reading.

The simplest answer, and the one you’ll hear the most often, is by reading. The more literature you consume, the more examples you’ll see of great words using the four elements of word choice.

Of course, there are also some great programs for expanding your vocabulary as well. If you’re looking to use words like “lachrymose” in a sentence, take a look at the following vocab builders:

  • Dictionary.com’s Word-of-the-Day
  • Vocabulary.com Games
  • Merriam Webster’s Vocab Quizzes

Improve Your Word Choice With Writers.com’s Online Writing Courses

Looking for more writing exercises? Need more help choosing the right words? The instructors at Writers.com are masters of the craft. Take a look at our upcoming course offerings and join our community!

The words a writer chooses are the building materials from which he or she constructs any given piece of writing—from a poem to a speech to a thesis on thermonuclear dynamics. Strong, carefully chosen words (also known as diction) ensure that the finished work is cohesive and imparts the meaning or information the author intended. Weak word choice creates confusion and dooms a writer’s work either to fall short of expectations or fail to make its point entirely.

Factors That Influence Good Word Choice

When selecting words to achieve the maximum desired effect, a writer must take a number of factors into consideration:

  • Meaning: Words can be chosen for either their denotative meaning, which is the definition you’d find in a dictionary or the connotative meaning, which is the emotions, circumstances, or descriptive variations the word evokes.
  • Specificity: Words that are concrete rather than abstract are more powerful in certain types of writing, specifically academic works and works of nonfiction. However, abstract words can be powerful tools when creating poetry, fiction, or persuasive rhetoric.
  • Audience: Whether the writer seeks to engage, amuse, entertain, inform, or even incite anger, the audience is the person or persons for whom a piece of work is intended.
  • Level of Diction: The level of diction an author chooses directly relates to the intended audience. Diction is classified into four levels of language:
  1. Formal which denotes serious discourse
  2. Informal which denotes relaxed but polite conversation
  3. Colloquial which denotes language in everyday usage
  4. Slang which denotes new, often highly informal words and phrases that evolve as a result sociolinguistic constructs such as age, class, wealth status, ethnicity, nationality, and regional dialects.
  • Tone: Tone is an author’s attitude toward a topic. When employed effectively, tone—be it contempt, awe, agreement, or outrage—is a powerful tool that writers use to achieve a desired goal or purpose.
  • Style: Word choice is an essential element in the style of any writer. While his or her audience may play a role in the stylistic choices a writer makes, style is the unique voice that sets one writer apart from another.

The Appropriate Words for a Given Audience

To be effective, a writer must choose words based on a number of factors that relate directly to the audience for whom a piece of work is intended. For example, the language chosen for a dissertation on advanced algebra would not only contain jargon specific to that field of study; the writer would also have the expectation that the intended reader possessed an advanced level of understanding in the given subject matter that at a minimum equaled, or potentially outpaced his or her own.

On the other hand, an author writing a children’s book would choose age-appropriate words that kids could understand and relate to. Likewise, while a contemporary playwright is likely to use slang and colloquialism to connect with the audience, an art historian would likely use more formal language to describe a piece of work about which he or she is writing, especially if the intended audience is a peer or academic group.

«Choosing words that are too difficult, too technical, or too easy for your receiver can be a communication barrier. If words are too difficult or too technical, the receiver may not understand them; if words are too simple, the reader could become bored or be insulted. In either case, ​the message falls short of meeting its goals . . . Word choice is also a consideration when communicating with receivers for whom English is not the primary language [who] may not be familiar with colloquial English.»

(From «Business Communication, 8th Edition,» by A.C. Krizan, Patricia Merrier, Joyce P. Logan, and Karen Williams. South-Western Cengage, 2011)

Word Selection for Composition

Word choice is an essential element for any student learning to write effectively. Appropriate word choice allows students to display their knowledge, not just about English, but with regard to any given field of study from science and mathematics to civics and history.

Fast Facts: Six Principles of Word Choice for Composition

  1. Choose understandable words.
  2. Use specific, precise words.
  3. Choose strong words.
  4. Emphasize positive words.
  5. Avoid overused words.
  6. Avoid obsolete words.

(Adapted from «Business Communication, 8th Edition,» by A.C. Krizan, Patricia Merrier, Joyce P. Logan, and Karen Williams. South-Western Cengage, 2011)

The challenge for teachers of composition is to help students understand the reasoning behind the specific word choices they’ve made and then letting the students know whether or not those choices work. Simply telling a student something doesn’t make sense or is awkwardly phrased won’t help that student become a better writer. If a student’s word choice is weak, inaccurate, or clichéd, a good teacher will not only explain how they went wrong but ask the student to rethink his or her choices based on the given feedback.

Word Choice for Literature

Arguably, choosing effective words when writing literature is more complicated than choosing words for composition writing. First, a writer must consider the constraints for the chosen discipline in which they are writing. Since literary pursuits as such as poetry and fiction can be broken down into an almost endless variety of niches, genres, and subgenres, this alone can be daunting. In addition, writers must also be able to distinguish themselves from other writers by selecting a vocabulary that creates and sustains a style that is authentic to their own voice.

When writing for a literary audience, individual taste is yet another huge determining factor with regard to which writer a reader considers a «good» and who they may find intolerable. That’s because «good» is subjective. For example, William Faulker and Ernest Hemmingway were both considered giants of 20th-century American literature, and yet their styles of writing could not be more different. Someone who adores Faulkner’s languorous stream-of-consciousness style may disdain Hemmingway’s spare, staccato, unembellished prose, and vice versa.

Precision

A very important part of word choice is precision. 

Word Choice

Through precise word selection, you can increase the clarity of your argument by enabling your readers to grasp your intended meaning quickly and accurately. At the same time, it is important to keep in mind that your word choices affect a reader’s attitudes toward your presentation and your subject matter. Therefore, you also need to choose words that will convey your ideas clearly to your readers. This kind of precise writing will help your audience understand your argument.

Regardless of the words you use, you must use them accurately. Usage errors can distract readers from your argument.

How can you ensure that words are used accurately?

Unfortunately, there is no easy way, but there are some solutions. You can revisit a text that uses the word and observe how the word is used in that instance. Additionally, you can consult a dictionary whenever you are uncertain. Be especially careful when using words that are not yet part of your usual vocabulary.

General vs. Specific Words

You can increase the clarity of your writing by using concrete, specific words rather than abstract, general ones.

Almost anything can be described either in general words or in specific ones.

General words and specific words are not opposites. General words cover a broader spectrum with a single word than specific words. Specific words narrow the scope of your writing by providing more details. For example, “car” is a general term that could be made more specific by writing “Honda Accord.”

Specific words are a subset of general words. You can increase the clarity of your writing by choosing specific words over general words. Specific words help your readers understand precisely what you mean in your writing. Here’s an example of general and specific words in a sentence:

  • General: She said, “I don’t want you to go.”
  • Specific: She murmured, “I don’t want you to go.”

The words “said” and “murmured” are similar. They both are a form of verbal communication. However, “murmured” gives the sentence a different feeling from “said.” Thus, as a writer, choosing specific words over general words can add description to and change the mood of your writing.

(Caveat:  When writing fiction, avoid the temptation to frequently alter the dialogue tag «said.»  Doing so can be distracting for readers.  The tag, «said,» is so common it almost becomes invisible, letting readers keep their focus where it should be—on the actual dialogue.) 

Using the Dictionary and Thesaurus Effectively

Diction

Always use a dictionary to confirm the meaning of any word about which you are unsure. Although the built-in dictionary that comes with your word processor is a great time-saver, it falls far short of college-edition dictionaries, or the Oxford English Dictionary (OED). If the spell-check tool suggests bizarre corrections for one of your words, it could be that you know a word it does not. When in doubt, always check a dictionary to be sure.

Vocabulary Choice and Style

It’s important to vary word choice.  If it feels like you keep repeating a word throughout your writing, pull out a thesaurus for ideas on different, more creative choices. A thesaurus can add some color and depth to a piece that may otherwise seem repetitive and mundane. However, make sure that the word you substitute has the meaning you intend to convey. 

Thesauruses provide words with similar meanings, not identical meanings. If you are unsure about the precise meaning of a replacement word, look up the new word in a dictionary.

Connotation

Connotation is the extended or suggested meaning of a word beyond its literal meaning. For example, “flatfoot” and “police detective” are often thought to be synonyms, but they connote very different things: “flatfoot” suggests a plodding, perhaps not very bright cop, while “police detective” suggests an intelligent professional.

Verbs, too, have connotations. For instance, to “suggest” that someone has overlooked a key fact is not the same as to “insinuate” it. To “devote” your time to working on a client’s project is not the same as to “spend” your time on it. The connotations of your words can shape your audience ‘s perception of your argument. 

Register

“Register” refers to a word’s association with certain situations or contexts. In a restaurant ad, for example, we might expect to see the claim that it offers “amazingly delicious food.” However, we would not expect to see a research company boast in a proposal for a government contract that it is capable of conducting “amazingly good studies.” Here, the word “amazingly” is in the register of consumer advertising, but not in the register of research proposals.

Being aware of the connotation and register of your word choice will help increase your writing’s clarity.

If you’ve been writing for any length of time at all, you know that word choice is crucial. I’ve written professionally for 15 years and word choice still sometimes stumps me.

What is a non-specific word choice?

A non-specific word choice is a word choice that is vague and does not convey a sense of the specific details. Non-specific word choices include generic words like “thing,” “stuff,” “them,” or “that.”

The best way to learn about non-specific word choice is to see actual examples. That’s why I’ve included a table of clear examples below so that you can understand without any confusion.

Keep reading to learn when and how to use non-specific word choice, and seven simple ways to fix non-specific word choice in your writing.

My favorite tool for quickly improving, rephrasing, simplifying, or expanding my writing is by far the Jasper AI Writer (formerly known as Jarvis).

(This post may have afilliate links. Please see my full disclosure)

Jarvis AI Banner—What is Non Specific Word Choice

Hand with a pen writing on paper—What is a Non-Specific Word Choice
Image by author via Canva—What is a non-specific word choice?

I thought it might be helpful to include a table of examples of non-specific word choices. I’ll bold the non-specific word choice so they stand out.

Study this table so that you absorb all the variations.

By doing so, you’ll be able to identify non-specific word choices in your writing—whether in essays, emails, reports, papers, articles, or stories.

Example Sentence Non-Specific Word
I want that. That
She went to the place. Place
A person called me. Person
Meet me at the location. Location
This happened long ago. This
Everyone came to the party. Everyone
He walked the animal. Animal
You should go to the event. Event
The vehicle drove away. Vehicle
I’ll be in the room. Room
It has become very clear that… It
There are several reasons to believe. Reasons
The evidence is clear. Evidence
We can rely on the results. Results
The presentation was informative. Presentation
He is able to attend the meetings. Meetings
The project is developing smoothly. Project
She needs support from people at work. People
Their team will be doing an important job. Job
Everybody participated and shared their ideas and knowledge. Everybody
What is a non-specific word choice?

Please note that these sentences include non-specific words mostly because they exist in isolation.

Yes, you can improve most of the sentences with a bit more specifics, however, some of the sentences might work in the context of a larger, more specific paragraph offering the reader details.

How To Easily Spot a Non-Specific Word Choice

The easiest way to spot a non-specific word choice is to ask a simple question of all of your sentences.

The simple question is, “What detail is missing?”

Here are other variations of this question you might want to use:

  • Who exactly?
  • Where exactly?
  • When exactly?
  • What exactly?

Let’s look at an example. Suppose you write the sentence, “I can’t stand the person!” Since this sentence is about a person, you can ask, “Who exactly?” As in, “Who exactly can’t you stand?”

The identity of the person in the sentence is not identified, so someone eavesdropping on the conversation would not understand your meaning. To fix this sentence, you could change it to read, “I can’t stand Chad!”

Now, anyone listening knows you don’t like Chad, specifically. They might know Chad, but you are still writing a clear and defined sentence.

Is Non-Specific Word Choice Bad?

By now, you might be wondering if using non-specific word choice is always bad. The answer is no.

There are times to use non-specific words and times you probably want to avoid vague or unclear words. It really depends on the context. In school, teachers often focus on writing more specific sentences.

That’s why many of us mistakenly believe specific is always better.

It’s also true that writing with more detail is often the correct choice. Most of the time, adding specific information to clarify your meaning improves your writing.

However, this is not always the case, every time.

Since I want you to master non-specific word choice, we’re going to look at when to use it to maximize your writing.

When To Use Non-Specific Word Choice? (9 Best Times)

There are writing circumstances where non-specific word choice is preferred over specific word choice.

Here’s a quick list of some of these circumstances:

  • When you intentionally want your meaning to be vague
  • When you want to create mystery or suspense
  • When knowing the details would ruin a later surprise
  • When the details don’t matter
  • When you have already mentioned the details earlier (so there’s no need to repeat them in every sentence)
  • When the reader (or person receiving your writing) knows what you mean
  • When you speak in slang or jargon for privacy or confedentiality
  • When a character in your story speaks in non-specific sentences (part of their characterization)
  • When a character in your story is intentionally being unclear or vague

You might notice that the common denominator in all of these reasons is intention. Only use non-specific words on purpose.

Also, check out this related video on word choice:

Video by Writing Secrets via YouTube—What is a Non-Specific Word Choice?

When To Use Specific Word Choice?

There are also times to use specific word choices. As I mentioned earlier, MOST of the time, you want to write more detailed sentences. Most writing suffers from a lack of clarity, not over-specificity.

When to use specific word choices?

I agree with Mark Twain who once famously said, “The difference between the right word and the wrong word is the difference between lightning and lightning bug.”

Word choice matters.

Here are seven times you should use specific word choices:

  1. When you want the best short word 
  2. When you want the most evocative word 
  3. When you want a contrasting word 
  4. When you want a concrete word 
  5. When you need the most clear word 
  6. When you prefer a lyrical word
  7. When you want to find the “right” word

We’re going to take each of these reasons one at a time.

Why you should use short words

You should use short words because short words are simple and short sentences are often more effective.

Short words also increase the speed at which you write and communicate. Short sentences force clarity. Short, simple words can improve your technical writing, help your readers understand what you’re saying, and make your writing more enjoyable for everyone involved.

Short, hyper-specific words also pack more punch.

Example: Use “fox” instead of animal and “sin” instead of wrongdoing.

Why you should use evocative words

You should use evocative words because evocative words generate emotion through meaning and association (shame, baby, funeral).

Not all writing requires emotion or visceral reactions (say, a work autoresponder email message letting your colleagues know you’re on vacation).

However, for most nontechnical writing, a little emotion can go a long way. Specific words can be very evocative.

Example: The first time I laid eyes on my baby, my soul swooned.

Why you should use contrast words

You should use contrast words because they grab attention with an odd pairing: wet sand, cold fire, beautiful atrocity.

Applying contrast words in your writing can simultaneously elevate and deepen your writing.

At its core, contrast makes for better writing by creating interest and drama by pairing seemingly incompatible ideas.

For example, the sound of shouting or the sound of silence.

Why you should use concrete words

Concrete words are visual, sensory words that lend to showing, not telling. Instead of saying something is “good” or “beautiful,” you can say that it’s “wide-eyed and bright-faced.”

Instead of telling the reader that a character is nervous, you can describe the jittery dance of his fingers.

Concrete words invoke concrete images.

Examples: Shards of glass. Shattered hoof. 

Why you should use clear words

Clear words improve understanding and convey accurate meaning. Keeping clear words in your writing will help retain the interest of readers. Clear word choice also reduces confusion and improves retention.

Example: Tuesday, November 13th, instead of “next week.” 

Why you should use lyrical words

Lyrical words flow, lilt, and play music in the “ear” of the reader. They are lyrical because they sound musical, sing-songy, or melodious. However, they tend to be more subtle. They create sounds or images in the “mind’s ear” of your readers.

Lyrical words paint pictures that stretch the imagination and imbue your writing with a sense of sound.

Example: Prose, serendipity, facetious. 

Why you should use the “right” words

The “right” words are words that best fit into the collective narrative of the sentence. When writing, you have to consider the “tone of voice” or how you want the sentence or scene to feel (to the reader).

If a sentence is light-hearted and funny, then the words used should match that tone. If a sentence is serious and strict, then the words should match that tone as well.

Always consider the context of the sentence, paragraph, page, scene, and story. As an editor once told me, “beautiful girls don’t ‘plop’.”

Final Thoughts: What Is a Non-Specific Word Choice?

The bottom line is that a non-specific word choice is unclear. It’s a barrier to good communication. You can immediately improve most sentences by making them more clear.

My secret sauce for writing that gets results is Jasper (AI Writer formerly known as Jarvis).

Yes, it still takes your skill and guidance, but it’s hands-down the best way to quickly scale your writing production and improve your results. Jasper helps you write emails, essays, papers, reports, articles, even books. Click on the image below to check out what Jasper can do for you!

Jarvis Banner Ad—AI Writer software

For more articles on writing, read these blog posts next:

  • How To Write Jasper/Jarvis Blog Posts (7 Best Tips)
  • Stephen King Twitter (9 Things You Need To Know)
  • Is Medium Worth It? (SOLVED for Readers and Writers)

Resources:

Writers.com
Word choice: Hidden Meaning

Word Choice: Definition. Word Choice is the use of rich, colorful, precise language that communicates not just in a. functional way, but in a way that moves and enlightens the reader. In good descriptive. writing, strong word choice paints pictures in the reader’s mind.

What’s a word for word choice?

What is another word for word choice?

phrasing diction
style terminology
wordage words
choice of words manner of speaking
turn of phrase vein

What is effective word choice?

Effective word choice in writing means really thinking about each word that you use. It involves cutting out fluff and only using words that add to the meaning of your writing. Less is best. Otherwise, the fluff can start to detract from the meaning and quality of your work.

What is word choice in a poem?

“Word choice” refers to the words a poet chooses to use. Word choice is extremely important in poetry, since the poem is such a compact form. Sometimes poets choose words for the way they sound; sometimes for their connotations.

Why is word choice important in writing?

Word choice is an important part of any type of writing-especially content writing. Selecting precise words will help you increase the impact you create on your audience. The best writing creates a vivid picture in the reader’s mind. By appealing to one or more of your reader’s senses, you create a compelling message.

How does word choice affect writing?

Word choice affects the tone, imagery, and voice of a written piece. Just as you use your tone of voice to demonstrate to others how you feel, in writing you use your words to communicate your attitude toward a subject. Tone can be positive or negative, happy or sad, angry or peaceful, hopeful or desperate, and so on.

How do you teach word choice?

Teaching them to use a variety of words and to improve their word choice is another thing….1. Be a word collector.

  1. Be a word collector. Students are great at collecting things!
  2. Bury dead words.
  3. Highlight Five.
  4. Use Picture Thesauruses.
  5. Identify Shades of Meaning.

What in writing is the word choice used in a piece of writing?

Strong, carefully chosen words (also known as diction) ensure that the finished work is cohesive and imparts the meaning or information the author intended. Weak word choice creates confusion and dooms a writer’s work either to fall short of expectations or fail to make its point entirely.

What are the four considerations for effective word choice?

Choosing the right word involves the following four considerations, with word choice examples.

  • Meaning. Words can be chosen for one of two meanings: the denotative meaning or the connotative meaning.
  • Specificity. Use words that are both correct in meaning and specific in description.
  • Audience.
  • Style.

How do you describe someone’s word choice?

Strong Words to Describe Formal Diction

  • Concrete. When a person uses concrete diction, the individual selects terms that allow readers or listeners to respond in a sensory way.
  • Detached.
  • Literal.
  • Pedantic.
  • Plain.
  • Precise.
  • Scholarly.
  • Bombastic.

What is a word choice error?

Word choice errors are often due to interference from the writer’s first language and are sometimes called false-cognate errors or translation errors. Sometimes, phrases just sound awkward in English because they are words we would never put together.

What does Conventions mean in English?

English > Conventions. Conventions refers to the mechanical correctness of a piece of writing. Correct use of conventions, such as spelling, capitalisation, punctuation, paragraphing, grammar and usage, guides the reader through the text easily.

How do you teach conventions in writing?

Teaching writing conventions in your homeschool

  1. Apply spelling rules correctly.
  2. Use correct punctuation to smoothly guide the reader through the paper.
  3. Use verb tenses correctly.
  4. Write sentences that express complete thoughts.
  5. Demonstrate paragraph organization and use smooth transitions.

What are two different meanings for convention?

1 : an agreement between nations for regulation of matters affecting all of them. 2 : an agreement enforceable in law : contract. 3 : an assembly of persons met for a common purpose especially : a meeting of the delegates of a political party for the purpose of formulating a platform and selecting candidates for office.

What is an example of social convention?

Social Norms Regarding Public Behavior Shake hands when you meet someone. Make direct eye contact with the person you are speaking with. Unless the movie theater is crowded, do not sit right next to someone. Do not stand close enough to a stranger to touch arms or hips.

What is a convention law?

A convention is an unwritten understanding about how something in Parliament should be done which, although not legally enforceable, is almost universally observed. Occasionally a new convention is agreed in order to resolve a specific procedural issue that has arisen.

What are the types of conventions?

Convention Types

  • Anime Conventions. Anime conventions center around Japanese pop culture, particularly anime & manga.
  • Comic Conventions. There are two types of comic book conventions.
  • Sci-Fi Conventions.
  • Furry Conventions.
  • Gaming Conventions.
  • Literature Conventions.
  • Horror Conventions.
  • Technology Conventions.

How many conventions are there?

There are 47 ILO conventions and 1 protocol ratified by India. Out of 47 Conberntions and 1 protocol ratified by India, of which 39 are in force,5 Conventions and 0 Protocol have been denounced; 4 instruments abrogated. SL. No.

What is difference between conference and convention?

Conference – A meeting for consultation, education, exchange of information, or discussion with a formal agenda. Convention – A formal meeting of members, representatives, or delegates. Examples include a fraternal society or political party.

What are standards and conventions?

Differences between Conventions and Standards Using a convention is advisable, but not required, whereas the things listed in a standard are required. Conventions are the product of a bottom-up, grassroots evolution, whereas standards are generated top-down by an authority.

What are standard drawing conventions?

Two important conventions that go hand in hand are scaling and dimensioning. Dimensioning is the convention used for adding measurement notes, such as the length and breadth of the object, to a drawing. Dimensions include text, lines, extension lines and arrowheads.

What are drawing standards?

Drawings are used by engineers and manufacturing technologists to communicate their ideas and hence good engineering drawings follow conventions which are referred to as drawing standards. A set of working drawings is a set of drawings which contain all the information needed to manufacture a product.

What is ISO standard?

ISO 128 is an international standard (ISO), about the general principles of presentation in technical drawings, specifically the graphical representation of objects on technical drawings.

Why is ISO so important?

ISO Standards are a key part of our society as they ensure quality and safety in both products and services in international trade. Businesses can be seen to benefit from ISO standards as they can help cut costs by improved systems and procedures put in place.

What does ISO mean in manufacturing?

International Organization for Standards

Why do we use BS 8888?

BS 8888 ensures that its users have access to one reference source with all the relevant information; enables you to speak the same language when specifying and graphically representing products; provides precision and accuracy, leaving no room for misinterpretation; helps the smooth transfer of the design concept to …

What does BS stand for in technical drawing?

It subsequently extended its standardization work and became the British Engineering Standards Association in 1918, adopting the name British Standards Institution in 1931 after receiving its Royal Charter in 1929.

What does BS mean in technical drawing?

BS 8888 is the British standard developed by the BSI Group for technical product documentation, geometric product specification, geometric tolerance specification and engineering drawings.

What does BSI stand for?

Body substance isolation

Specific writing involves choosing words with clear referents and appropriate scope.

Three principles for word choice can help make writing more specific:

1) Only use words with specific referents.

2) Use helping verbs and adjectives to make sure that sentences have appropriate scope.

3) Avoid vague or confusing words.

1) Only use words with specific referents.

The «referent» of a word is the object or concept that the word refers to. In specific scientific writing, words have clear, straightforward referents. For example: «Santiago Ramón y Cajal introduced the term “neuronal plasticity” to describe nonpathological changes in brain structure» has a clear referent: the neuroscientist Santiago Ramón y Cajal.

In contrast, the sentence «Various neuroscientists have used the term “neuronal plasticity” to describe nonpathological changes in brain structure» does not have a clear referent and is not specific. The neuroscientists who have used the term remains unknown. Because of the vague referent «various,» the sentence conveys very little meaning and introduces confusion instead of clarity into a text.

Similarly, writers sometimes use minimally-informative phrases such as «Previous research has shown…,» in arguments. Readers generally know that research has happened in the past, so identifying research as «previous» does not convey important information. Moreover, shifting the focus to the «research,» instead of the conclusions of the research, is distracting. Therefore, removing phrases like «Previous research has shown» can clarify text and strengthen arguments.

Sometimes writers are tempted to use vague nouns in a misguided attempt to make their writing sound more formal. For example, the sentence «Several important factors affect learning» may seem authoritative. However, in reality the sentence offers very little information to the reader. Moreover, scientific writing does not require effort to sound authoritative. Authority in scientific writing comes from strong reasoning and specific premises, not from writing style. Therefore, vague statements that are meant to sound authoritative actually cause scientific writing to be LESS respectable.

Other common words that are also used as vague subjects are «Aspect,» «Area,» Situation,» «Consideration,» «Degree,» «Case,» etc.

Other commonly-used vague subjects are «Various,» «Variety,» and «Plethora.» All three words are commonly used in a vague way without a clear referent. To make most arguments more specific, words like «various» should be replaced with more specific attributes of a group or specific referents. For example, instead of writing «I have worked with various patients during my internship,» it is often stronger to argue «I have worked with a diversity of patients during my internship» and then provide specific evidence for your claim to working with a diverse population.

Clear sentences identify the specific referents. For example, the problem with the sentence «Several important factors affect learning» is not with the word «factor» itself, but because the sentence lacks specific referents that specify the meaning of «factor.» «Factor» can be used in a more specific way. For example, the sentence «Among the factors that affect learning are (1) student motivation; (2) prior student knowledge; and (3) learning environment» uses a list framework to identify three contributors to learning. The word «factor» helps to indicate that the three identified contributors are only a subset of larger group of factors that affect learning. Therefore, nouns like «factor» can be helpful if part of specific statements, but are NOT specific enough to act alone as subjects for sentences.

APPLICATION: To write specific sentences, make sure that every word has a specific, clear referent. Avoid vague nouns that are not immediately specified by connecting the noun to a clear referent.

2) Use helping verbs and adjectives to make sure that sentences have appropriate scope.

The concept of scope was helpful to understand how to ensure that paragraphs can be self-contained (remember that «Scope» is the range of a content where an element of information applies). The concept of scope is also useful for selecting helping verbs to help ensure that sentences are truthful. For example, consider the sentence

«Smoking causes cancer.»

The sentence «smoking causes cancer» seems like a straightforward, factual statement. However, for scientific writing, the sentence «smoking causes cancer» is not truthful because the sentence is not specific enough.

The sentence «smoking causes cancer» is vague, because it does not identify when smoking causes cancer. Because the sentence is such a simple declarative, it implies «smoking ALWAYS causes cancer,» which is not true. The scope of the sentence is too broad. Therefore, the sentence needs a helping verb to make it truthful: «smoking can cause cancer.» The helping verb «can» changes the sentence from an unsupported (unsupportable) generalization into a true statement about smoking.

Helpful helping verbs include: «can,» «could,» «must,» «may,» «might.»

Similarly helping adjectives can also be useful for making sure that every sentence has a truthful scope. For example, consider the sentence:

«Insects have four wings.»

Again, «insects have four wings» seems like a specific, clear sentence. One problem with the sentence is that it is not true. Although most types of insects have four wings, one important order (flies) does NOT have four wings, but two. Instead of two of their wings, flies have modified sensory organs called «halteres» that help flies be extraordinarily stable and maneuverable (Pringle, 1948). Therefore, the sentence «insects have four wings» is not specific enough to include in a scientific paper.

To make our sentence about insects more specific, we could add an appropriate adjective. The adjective that we select depends on the strength and specificity of the statements that we make. For example, sentences with adjectives that specify their scope to different degrees include:

«Some insects have four wings» (very vague scope)

«Many insects have four wings» (somewhat vague scope)

«Most orders of insects have four wings (specific scope, but only if you have evidence that that more than 50% of insect orders have four wings.)

«Only insects in the order Diptera have two wings» (very specific scope, but not necessarily true depending on how you define «wings:» most beetles use only two wings to fly for example.)

Using sentences with very vague scope is safe, but not very specific and powerful. Clearly, stronger adjectives like «most» or «only» are preferable if evidence supports the statement. It is best to choose the most specific, informative sentence possible. However, it is necessary to write a truthful sentence. Therefore, truthfulness is the most important criterion, and statements can only be as strongly worded as direct evidence allows.

APPLICATION: Use helping verbs and adjectives to ensure that sentences are truthful.

3) Avoid vague or confusing words.

Selecting appropriate words to express ideas that are both truthful and specific is clearly important for scientific writing. Conversely, avoiding words that result in vague, non-specific statements can also help to make sure that writing is specific. Some common types of words and expressions that are vague and should be avoided are:

A) Exaggerated or hyperbolic statements: Scientists very seldom have the luxury of making broad categorical statements like «All people breathe,» and most categorical statements that we can make are trivial. Therefore, avoid the words «All,» «None,» «Everyone,» «No one,» «Always,» «Never,» or any of their variants.

B) Desires or beliefs: Science is based on using specific evidence to come to conclusions through reasoning. Although some assumptions are necessary for every scientific study, assumptions should be identified and justified. Beyond the assumptions necessary for a study, the beliefs and desires of the scientists should NOT be relevant to the argument. Therefore, there is seldom good reason to use terms such as «want» or «believe.»

C) Subjective judgments: Scientific comparisons require specific (usually quantitative) measurements. For example, statistical tests can establish whether one average value is significantly «less» or «greater» than another average value. However, scientists typically avoid using subjective judgments for comparisons in scientific papers. Therefore, avoid the terms «better,» «worse,» «good,» «poor,» «beneficial,» «detrimental,» and their variants.

APPLICATION: Exaggerated or subjective words are vague and confusing. Avoid words that express desires, subjective judgments, or exaggerations.

What is word choice in speech?

Word choice is a person’s choice or selection of words. It is a manner in which something is expressed in words. The choice of words is the style of expression. A person, in general, chooses words to which he feels comfortable, confident, and simple enough for a general audience to understand.

What does word choice mean in English?

English > Word Choice. Word Choice refers to the specific vocabulary the writer uses to convey meaning and enlighten the reader. Word Choice is the use of rich, colorful, precise language that communicates not just in a functional way, but in a way that moves and enlightens the reader.

Why is word choice important in a poem?

All strong writers have something in common: they understand the value of word choice in writing. Strong word choice uses vocabulary and language to maximum effect, creating clear moods and images and making your stories and poems more powerful and vivid.

How do you use right words in writing?

4 Tips for Choosing the Right Word

  1. Keep word and phrase choice appropriate to the context.
  2. Listen for what sounds right.
  3. The precise word isn’t necessarily the right word.
  4. The most powerful words tend to be the shortest and, not coincidentally, the ones most basic to the English language.

How do I choose my vocabulary?

At the core of tips for choosing the right words lies one principle: Avoid fluff. That is, avoid superfluous words that don’t say anything new or interesting….Tips on Choosing the Right Words

  1. Know Your Audience.
  2. Do Your Research.
  3. Be Emphatic.
  4. Be Careful With Connotation.
  5. Stay True to Your Own Voice.

What is the word for something you want but can’t have?

I like the word ‘unrequited’. It means something (usually something emotional) that you cannot have or cannot force someone to give to you. Often used in the phrase ‘unrequited love’. Other words with similar meaning would be ‘unobtainable’ or ‘unattainable’ or even ‘ungratifiable’ (or simply ‘ungratified’).

How do teachers choose vocabulary?

Hiebert (2009) describes three general criteria for determining which words to choose for intensive teaching: 1) words needed to fully comprehend the text, 2) words likely to appear in future texts from any discipline, and 3) words that are part of a word family or semantic network.

How can I practice my new vocabulary?

How to Help Your ESL Students Remember New Vocabulary

  1. Always teach vocabulary in context.
  2. Use the right timing for repetition.
  3. Use pictures and visuals whenever you can.
  4. Make the words memorable.
  5. Use Word Clusters or Webs.
  6. Use words in phrases or collocations.
  7. Practice out loud.

How can I revise my English vocabulary?

10 ways to teach and revise vocabulary

  1. Reviewing vocabulary from the previous lesson. Distribute some handouts to students with words from the previous lesson.
  2. Lead in to the lesson with vocabulary.
  3. Mind maps.
  4. Realia.
  5. Stories and songs.
  6. Drawing idioms.
  7. Pre-reading.
  8. Revision lesson with a reception bell.

How many times should a learner be exposed to a vocabulary item to really learn it?

Use repeated exposure to new words in multiple oral and written contexts and allow sufficient practice sessions. Words are usually learned only after they appear several times. In fact, researchers2 estimate that it could take as many as 17 exposures for a student to learn a new word.

Is pre teach a word?

(teaching) To teach something (an idea, a word) before using it in a real situation.

Why do we pre teach vocabulary?

Pre-teaching vocabulary facilitates the reading of new text by giving students the meanings of the words before they encounter them. This practice reduces the number of unfamiliar words encountered and facilitates greater comprehension.

How do you teach text vocabulary?

How to teach:

  1. Introduce each new word one at a time. Say the word aloud and have students repeat the word.
  2. Reflect.
  3. Read the text you’ve chosen.
  4. Ask students to repeat the word after you’ve read it in the text.
  5. Use a quick, fun activity to reinforce each new word’s meaning.
  6. Play word games.
  7. Challenge students to use new words.

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