What is a basic word

The word as a basic unit of language

The word is the subject matter of Lexicology. The
word may be described as a basic unit of language. The definition of
the word is one of the most difficult problems in Linguistics because
any word has many different aspects. It is simultaneously a semantic,
grammatical and phonological unit.
Accordingly the word may be defined as
the basic unit of a given language resulting from the association of
a particular meaning with a particular group of sounds capable of a
particular grammatical employment. This
definition based on the definition of a word given by the eminent
French linguist Arthur Meillet does
not permit us to distinguish words from phrases. We
can accept the given definition adding that a word is the smallest
significant unit of a given language capable of functioning alone and
characterized by positional mobility within a sentence, morphological
uninterruptability and semantic integrity.
In Russian Linguistics it is the word but not the morpheme as in
American descriptive linguistics that is the basic unit of language
and the basic unit of lexical articulation of the flow of the speech.
Thus, the word is a structural and
semantic entity within the language system. The word is the basic
unit of the language system, the largest on the morphological level
and the smallest on the syntactic level of linguistic analysis.
As any language unit the word is a two facet unit possessing both its
outer form (sound form) and content (meaning) which is not created in
speech but used ready-maid. As the basic unit of language the word is
characterized by independence or separateness (отдельность),
as a free standing item, and identity (тождество).

The word as an independent
free standing language unit is
distinguished in speech due to its ability to take on grammatical
inflections (грамматическая
оформленнасть) which makes it
different from the morpheme.

The structural
integrity (цельная
оформленнасть) of the word
combined with the semantic integrity and morphological
uninterruptability (морфологическая
непрерывность) makes the word
different from word combinations.

The identity of the
word manifests itself in the ability of
a word to exist as a system and unity of all its forms (grammatical
forms creating its paradigm) and variants: lexical-semantic,
morphological, phonetic and graphic.

The system showing a word in all its word forms is
called its paradigm. The lexical meaning of a word is the same
throughout the paradigm, i.e. all the word forms of one and the same
word are lexical identical while the grammatical meaning varies from
one form to another (give-gave-given-giving-gives;
worker-workers-worker’s-workers’).

Besides the grammatical forms of the words (or
word forms), words possess lexical varieties called variants of words
(a word – a polisemantic word in one of its meanings in which it is
used in speech is described as a lexical-semantic variants. The term
was introduced by A.I. Smernitskiy; e.g. “to learn at school” –
“to learn about smth”; man – мужчина/человек).
Words may have phonetic, graphic and morphological variants:

often – [Þfən]/[
Þftən] – phonetic
variants

birdy/birdie –
graphic variants

phonetic/phonetical – morphological
variants

Thus, within the language system the word exists as a system and
unity of all its forms and variants. The term lexeme may
serve to express the idea of the word as a system of its forms and
variants.

Every word names a given referent and another one and this
relationship creates the basis for establishing understanding in
verbal intercourse (общение). But because
words mirror concepts through our perception of the world there’s
no singleness in word-thing correlations.

As reality becomes more complicated, it calls for
more sophisticated means of nomination. In recent times Lexicology
has developed a more psycho-linguistic and ethno-cultural orientation
aimed at looking into the actual reality of how lexical items work.

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According to traditional grammar, a word is defined as, “the basic unit of language”. The word is usually a speech sound or mixture of sounds which is represented in speaking and writing.

Few examples of words are fan, cat, building, scooter, kite, gun, jug, pen, dog, chair, tree, football, sky, etc.

You can also define it as, “a letter or group/set of letters which has some meaning”. So, therefore the words are classified according to their meaning and action.

It works as a symbol to represent/refer to something/someone in the language.

The group of words makes a sentence. These sentences contain different types of functions (of the words) in it.

The structure (formation) of words can be studied with Morphology which is usually a branch (part) of linguistics.

The meaning of words can be studied with Lexical semantics which is also a branch (part) of linguistics.

Also Read: What is a Sentence in English Grammar? | Best Guide for 2021

The word can be used in many ways. Few of them are mentioned below.

1. Noun (rabbit, ring, pencil, US, etc)
2. Pronoun (he, she, it, we, they, etc)
3. Adjective (big, small, fast, slow, etc)
4. Verb (jumping, singing, dancing, etc)
5. Adverb (slowly, fastly, smoothly, etc)
6. Preposition (in, on, into, for, under, etc)
7. Conjunction (and, or, but, etc)
8. Subject (in the sentences)
9. Verb and many more!

Now, let us understand the basic rules of the words.

Rules/Conditions for word

There are some set of rules (criteria) in the English Language which describes the basic necessity of becoming a proper word.

Rule 1: Every word should have some potential pause in between the speech and space should be given in between while writing.

For example, consider the two words like “football” and “match” which are two different words. So, if you want to use them in a sentence, you need to give a pause in between the words for pronouncing.

It cannot be like “Iwanttowatchafootballmatch” which is very difficult to read (without spaces).

But, if you give pause between the words while reading like, “I”, “want”, “to”, “watch”, “a”, “football”, “match”.

Example Sentence: I want to watch a football match.

We can observe that the above sentence can be read more conveniently and it is the only correct way to read, speak and write.

• Incorrect: Iwanttowatchafootballmatch.
• Correct: I want to watch a football match.

So, always remember that pauses and spaces should be there in between the words.

Rule 2: Every word in English grammar must contain at least one root word.

The root word is a basic word which has meaning in it. But if we further break down the words, then it can’t be a word anymore and it also doesn’t have any meaning in it.

So, let us consider the above example which is “football”. If we break this word further, (such as “foot” + “ball”), we can observe that it has some meaning (even after breaking down).

Now if we further break down the above two words (“foot” + “ball”) like “fo” + “ot” and “ba” + “ll”, then we can observe that the words which are divided have no meaning to it.

So, always you need to remember that the word should have atleast one root word.

Rule 3: Every word you want to use should have some meaning.

Yes, you heard it right!

We know that there are many words in the English Language. If you have any doubt or don’t know the meaning of it, then you can check in the dictionary.

But there are also words which are not defined in the English Language. Many words don’t have any meaning.

So, you need to use only the words which have some meaning in it.

For example, consider the words “Nuculer” and “lakkanah” are not defined in English Language and doesn’t have any meaning.

Always remember that not every word in the language have some meaning to it.

Also Read: 12 Rules of Grammar | (Grammar Basic Rules with examples)

More examples of Word

Words List	Words List
apple	ice
aeroplane	jam
bat	king
biscuit	life
cap	mango
doll	nest
eagle	orange
fish	pride
grapes	raincoat
happy	sad

Quiz Time! (Test your knowledge here)

Summary: (What is a word?)

• Generally, the word is the basic and smallest unit in the language.
• It is categorised based on its meaning.
• Morphology is the study of Words structure (formation) and Lexical semantics is the study of meanings of the words. These both belong to a branch of Linguistics.
• A word should have at least one root and meaning to it.

Also Read: What is Grammar? | (Grammar definition, types & examples) | Best Guide 2021

If you are interested to learn more, then you can refer wikipedia from here.

I hope that you understood the topic “What is a word?”. If you still have any doubts, then comment down below and we will respond as soon as possible. Thank You.

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Contents	Top — 0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

a, about, above, across, act, active, activity, add, afraid, after, again, age, ago, agree, air, all, alone, along, already, always, am, amount, an, and, angry, another, answer, any, anyone, anything, anytime, appear, apple, are, area, arm, army, around, arrive, art, as, ask, at, attack, aunt, autumn, away.

B

baby, back, bad, bag, ball, bank, base, basket, bath, be, bean, bear, beautiful, bed, bedroom, beer, behave, before, begin, behind, bell, below, besides, best, better, between, big, bird, birth, birthday, bit, bite, black, bleed, block, blood, blow, blue, board, boat, body, boil, bone, book, border, born, borrow, both, bottle, bottom, bowl, box, boy, branch, brave, bread, break, breakfast, breathe, bridge, bright, bring, brother, brown, brush, build, burn, business, bus, busy, but, buy, by.

C

cake, call, can, candle, cap, car, card, care, careful, careless, carry, case, cat, catch, central, century, certain, chair, chance, change, chase, cheap, cheese, chicken, child, children, chocolate, choice, choose, circle, city, class, clever, clean, clear, climb, clock, cloth, clothes, cloud, cloudy, close, coffee, coat, coin, cold, collect, colour, comb, comfortable, common, compare, come, complete, computer, condition, continue, control, cook, cool, copper, corn, corner, correct, cost, contain, count, country, course, cover, crash, cross, cry, cup, cupboard, cut.

D

dance, dangerous, dark, daughter, day, dead, decide, decrease, deep, deer, depend, desk, destroy, develop, die, different, difficult, dinner, direction, dirty, discover, dish, do, dog, door, double, down, draw, dream, dress, drink, drive, drop, dry, duck, dust, duty.

E

each, ear, early, earn, earth, east, easy, eat, education, effect, egg, eight, either, electric, elephant, else, empty, end, enemy, enjoy, enough, enter, equal, entrance, escape, even, evening, event, ever, every, everyone, exact, everybody, examination, example, except, excited, exercise, expect, expensive, explain, extremely, eye.

F

face, fact, fail, fall, false, family, famous, far, farm, father, fast, fat, fault, fear, feed, feel, female, fever, few, fight, fill, film, find, fine, finger, finish, fire, first, fish, fit, five, fix, flag, flat, float, floor, flour, flower, fly, fold, food, fool, foot, football, for, force, foreign, forest, forget, forgive, fork, form, fox, four, free, freedom, freeze, fresh, friend, friendly, from, front, fruit, full, fun, funny, furniture, further, future.

G

game, garden, gate, general, gentleman, get, gift, give, glad, glass, go, goat, god, gold, good, goodbye, grandfather, grandmother, grass, grave, great, green, gray, ground, group, grow, gun.

H

hair, half, hall, hammer, hand, happen, happy, hard, hat, hate, have, he, head, healthy, hear, heavy, heart, heaven, height, hello, help, hen, her, here, hers, hide, high, hill, him, his, hit, hobby, hold, hole, holiday, home, hope, horse, hospital, hot, hotel, house, how, hundred, hungry, hour, hurry, husband, hurt.

I

I, ice, idea, if, important, in, increase, inside, into, introduce, invent, iron, invite, is, island, it, its.

J

jelly, job, join, juice, jump, just.

K

keep, key, kill, kind, king, kitchen, knee, knife, knock, know.

L

ladder, lady, lamp, land, large, last, late, lately, laugh, lazy, lead, leaf, learn, leave, leg, left, lend, length, less, lesson, let, letter, library, lie, life, light, like, lion, lip, list, listen, little, live, lock, lonely, long, look, lose, lot, love, low, lower, luck.

M

machine, main, make, male, man, many, map, mark, market, marry, matter, may, me, meal, mean, measure, meat, medicine, meet, member, mention, method, middle, milk, million, mind, minute, miss, mistake, mix, model, modern, moment, money, monkey, month, moon, more, morning, most, mother, mountain, mouth, move, much, music, must, my.

N

name, narrow, nation, nature, near, nearly, neck, need, needle, neighbour, neither, net, never, new, news, newspaper, next, nice, night, nine, no, noble, noise, none, nor, north, nose, not, nothing, notice, now, number.

O

obey, object, ocean, of, off, offer, office, often, oil, old, on, one, only, open, opposite, or, orange, order, other, our, out, outside, over, own.

P

page, pain, paint, pair, pan, paper, parent, park, part, partner, party, pass, past, path, pay, peace, pen, pencil, people, pepper, per, perfect, period, person, petrol, photograph, piano, pick, picture, piece, pig, pin, pink, place, plane, plant, plastic, plate, play, please, pleased, plenty, pocket, point, poison, police, polite, pool, poor, popular, position, possible, potato, pour, power, present, press, pretty, prevent, price, prince, prison, private, prize, probably, problem, produce, promise, proper, protect, provide, public, pull, punish, pupil, push, put.

Q

queen, question, quick, quiet, quite.

R

radio, rain, rainy, raise, reach, read, ready, real, really, receive, record, red, remember, remind, remove, rent, repair, repeat, reply, report, rest, restaurant, result, return, rice, rich, ride, right, ring, rise, road, rob, rock, room, round, rubber, rude, rule, ruler, run, rush.

S

sad, safe, sail, salt, same, sand, save, say, school, science, scissors, search, seat, second, see, seem, sell, send, sentence, serve, seven, several, sex, shade, shadow, shake, shape, share, sharp, she, sheep, sheet, shelf, shine, ship, shirt, shoe, shoot, shop, short, should, shoulder, shout, show, sick, side, signal, silence, silly, silver, similar, simple, single, since, sing, sink, sister, sit, six, size, skill, skin, skirt, sky, sleep, slip, slow, small, smell, smile, smoke, snow, so, soap, sock, soft, some, someone, something, sometimes, son, soon, sorry, sound, soup, south, space, speak, special, speed, spell, spend, spoon, sport, spread, spring, square, stamp, stand, star, start, station, stay, steal, steam, step, still, stomach, stone, stop, store, storm, story, strange, street, strong, structure, student, study, stupid, subject, substance, successful, such, sudden, sugar, suitable, summer, sun, sunny, support, sure, surprise, sweet, swim, sword.

T

table, take, talk, tall, taste, taxi, tea, teach, team, tear, telephone, television, tell, ten, tennis, terrible, test, than, that, the, their, then, there, therefore, these, thick, thin, thing, think, third, this, though, threat, three, tidy, tie, title, to, today, toe, together, tomorrow, tonight, too, tool, tooth, top, total, touch, town, train, tram, travel, tree, trouble, true, trust, twice, try, turn, type.

U

ugly, uncle, under, understand, unit, until, up, use, useful, usual, usually.

V

vegetable, very, village, voice, visit.

W

wait, wake, walk, want, warm, was, wash, waste, watch, water, way, we, weak, wear, weather, wedding, week, weight, welcome, were, well, west, wet, what, wheel, when, where, which, while, white, who, why, wide, wife, wild, will, win, wind, window, wine, winter, wire, wise, wish, with, without, woman, wonder, word, work, world, worry.

Y

yard, yell, yesterday, yet, you, young, your.

Z

zero, zoo.

• wikt:en:Wiktionary:List of 1000 basic English words

If you want to learn a language, the way to start is by building up a mental “dictionary” of basic words – this is true if
you want to learn English.

While it may sound boring at first, building up a basic English dictionary in your head is the first step to learning enough English to have a conversation.

If you don’t know enough simple English words for daily use, you won’t be able to ask questions and understand the answers.

You also will not be able to convey thoughts or emotions.

Tips For Learning Basic English Words

A quick Google search should provide you with lists of daily use English words with meaning.

Looking through and memorizing these 20 to 100
English words for beginners will help you learn enough to build up your vocabulary enough to have a conversation.

Try reciting the words aloud over and over for yourself.

One of the most efficient ways to learn English words for beginners, however, has got to be to look at lists of basic English words with pictures. 

Try and find picture books or other materials for learning basic English words for kids.

Being able to see a picture of what
a basic English word is supposed to means is a great way to imprint it into your memory.

90 Basic English Words That Every English Learner Should Know

Here is our own list of some basic words you should get to know. 

There’s also a downloadable PDF file with all these words waiting for you in the end. Let’s dive in!

1. Hello

This is a basic greeting.

2. Goodbye

This is what you say when you are leaving.

3.  Yes

This is a word that you say when you agree with something someone has said.

4. No

This is a word that means you disagree with something someone has said.

5. Please

This is a polite way to call someone’s attention. When you are asking someone for a favor you should say “please.”

6. Thank you

When someone does something for you, this is the polite response. 

7. Help

If you need someone to do something for you because you can’t do it yourself, you ask for help. If you are in trouble, you should yell “Help!”

8. Sorry

This is what you say if you’ve done something wrong to someone. You can also use it to ask for their attention or interrupt them.

9. Person and People

This is a word that is used when you are talking about humans. A “person” is the singular form, what you use when referring to an individual. “People” is what you call a group.

10. Man and Men

A man is a person who is male. Meanwhile, a group of people who are male are men.

11. Woman and Women

A woman is a person who is female. A group of people who are female are women.

12. He or Him

These are used to refer to a male person. The words “person” or “man” are nouns. “He” and “Him” are pronouns which is a shorter word that is use in place of a noun.

13. She or Her

These are pronouns that are used to refer to a female person. You can use these in place of “woman”.

14. They or Them

These are gender neutral pronouns that you can use to refer to people.

15. I

This is a pronoun you can use to refer to yourself.

16. Me

This is a word you can use to refer to yourself.

17. Mine

This is a word that indicates possession. If you say something in “mine” you are saying it belongs to you.

18. You

This is a gender neutral pronoun that you can use to refer to another person. This is usually what you use when talking directly to someone.

19. We

This is a pronoun that you can use to refer to yourself and other people as a group or collective.

20. Child and Children

These are gender neutral terms that mean a young human or person. A “child” is one young human, while “children” refers to a group of young humans. If someone is below the age of puberty or not yet of legal age, they are usually considered a child.

21. Teenager

If a young human is above the age of puberty, they are referred to as a teenager.

22. Boy

A child or teenager who is male can be called a boy.

23. Girl

A child or teenager who is female can be called a girl.

24. Parent

A parent is someone who takes care of a child. Often this is a blood relation of the child.

25. Father

A father is the male parent

26. Mother

A mother is the female parent.

27. Son

Male offspring.

28. Daughter

Female offspring.

29. Brother

Someone who has the same parent as someone else. If there is more than one male offspring, they will refer to each other as “brother”. 

30. Sister

Someone who has the same parent as someone else. If there is more than one female offspring, they will refer to each other as “sister”

31. Thing

An object that is not alive.

32. Animal

A living being that is not human.

33. Plant

A living thing that grows on the earth.

34. This and That

These are pronouns used to refer to things.  They can also be used to refer to living things that are not human.

36. These and Those

These are other pronouns used to refer to things. They can also be used to refer to living things that are not human.

37. It

Another pronoun that can be used to refer to things or living things that is not human.

38. Time

This is a concept which means a measurable period when an action happens.

39. Hour

This is a specific unit of time.

40. Day 

Can either mean 24 hours of time or the time when the sun is in the sky.

41. Night

The period of time when the sun in not in the sky. 

42. When

This is an interrogative word, which is a word that asks a question. When you ask “when” you are looking to know a specific unit of time.

43. Who

This is an interrogative pronoun. The answer to the question “who” refers to a specific person.

44. What

This is an interrogative pronoun. When you ask “what” you are asking about a particular thing.

45. Why

This is an interrogative pronoun. When you ask “why” you are questioning the reason behind a certain action.

46. Place

This means a venue or address where you are, where another person or object is, or where an action or event is taking place.

47. Where

This is an interrogative pronoun. Where you ask “Where” you are asking about a specific place. Often the answer is a specific place at a specific time and date.

48. Here

This refers to the present location. When you are “here”, it refers to where you are at present.

49. Now

This is a word that means the present time. When you say you are somewhere “now”, it is your present location.

50. Later

This word refers to a future time. When you say you will be somewhere “later”, it refers to your location in the near future.

51. From 

When you say something is “from” somewhere, you are talking about where it was before it came to its present location.

52. Building

This is a man-made structure, usually consisting of walls, a floor, and a roof.

53. Home

This is a building that is used as by people or a group of people as a residence. Where they eat and sleep on a daily basis.

54. Store

This is a building where good and services are available for sale.

55. Restaurant

This is a building where meals are available for sale. The meals can be eaten there.

56. Eat

This is the act of taking in food or having a meal.

57. Drink

This is the act of taking in liquids.

58. Breakfast

This is a meal that is taken in the morning. Breakfast is usually the first meal of the day.

59. Lunch

This is the meal that is usually taken around mid-day.

60. Dinner

This is a meal that is taken in the evening. It is usually the last meal of the day.

61. Before

This is a word that refers to the past.

62. After

This is a word that refers to a period of time that occurs after an event.

63. To

This is a word that refers to movement. When you go “to” something you are moving closer to it.

64. School

This is a building where education takes place. People gather at a school to either teach of learn lessons.

65. Student

This refers to someone who goes to school to learn. Gender neutral and can be used to refer to an adult, a child, or a teenager.

66. Teacher

This is someone who goes to school to teach students. Gender neutral and usually meant to refer to an adult.

67. Have

This is a verb, which is an action word. “Have” means something you hold.

68. Go

This is another verb. When you or someone “go” you are moving towards something.

69.  Do

This is a verb. When you “do” something, you are performing an action.

70. Get

This is a verb. When you or someone else “get” something, you move towards it and hold it.

71. See

This is a verb that refers to vision. If you lay eyes on something, you see it.

72. Smell

This is a verb that refers to odor. When you smell something, you are using your nose.

73. Sound

This is a verb that refers to hearing. You hear a sound.

74. Taste

When you taste something, you know its flavor.

75. Touch

When you touch something, you feel it. Usually with your hands, but if almost anything touches your skin, you will feel its “touch”.

76. Know

When you “know” something, you understand it.

77.  Make

This is a verb that refers to creation. When you “make” something, you create it.

78. Come

This is a verb that refers to a future action. When you say you will “come” you are saying that you will be at a venue at a specific time, usually this is sometime in the near future.

79. Use

When you perform an action with something, you use it. 

80. With

When you are with someone or something, they or it are with you physically. You are in the same place at the same time.

81. Want

When you want something you desire to have it. 

82. For

When you say something if for someone, you are indicating that they possess it. 

83. Buy

When you buy something, you give someone else money in order to posses it.

84. Sell 

This refers to someone being willing to take money in exchange for an object they posses.

 85. Hurt

This refers to feeling bad or being in pain due to an accident.

86. Sick

This refers to feeling bad and maybe being in pain due to illness

87. Doctor

This is someone you should see if you are feeling ill.

89. Hospital

This is a building where you will find a doctor and where you will be taken if you are hurt in an accident.

90. Police

This is a government mandated entity who is supposed to keep peace and security. If you need help you can ask for the police.

Conclusion

While it is possible to
expand your vocabulary by memorizing lists like this, you will still need to know how to use them properly in a conversation. To do so, you need to practice putting the words together and saying them to a native speakers.

This is where and why you need to find a good native English speaking tutor.

Download the PDF file with 90 basic English words below:

90_Basic_English_Words_PDF_List