What if analysis in excel pdf

What-If Analysis

What-If Analysis in Excel allows you to try out different values (scenarios) for formulas. The following example helps you master what-if analysis quickly and easily.

Assume you own a book store and have 100 books in storage. You sell a certain % for the highest price of $50 and a certain % for the lower price of $20.

If you sell 60% for the highest price, cell D10 calculates a total profit of 60 * $50 + 40 * $20 = $3800.

Create Different Scenarios

But what if you sell 70% for the highest price? And what if you sell 80% for the highest price? Or 90%, or even 100%? Each different percentage is a different scenario. You can use the Scenario Manager to create these scenarios.

Note: You can simply type in a different percentage into cell C4 to see the corresponding result of a scenario in cell D10. However, what-if analysis enables you to easily compare the results of different scenarios. Read on.

1. On the Data tab, in the Forecast group, click What-If Analysis.

2. Click Scenario Manager.

The Scenario Manager dialog box appears.

3. Add a scenario by clicking on Add.

4. Type a name (60% highest), select cell C4 (% sold for the highest price) for the Changing cells and click on OK.

5. Enter the corresponding value 0.6 and click on OK again.

6. Next, add 4 other scenarios (70%, 80%, 90% and 100%).

Finally, your Scenario Manager should be consistent with the picture below:

Note: to see the result of a scenario, select the scenario and click on the Show button. Excel will change the value of cell C4 accordingly for you to see the corresponding result on the sheet.

Scenario Summary

To easily compare the results of these scenarios, execute the following steps.

1. Click the Summary button in the Scenario Manager.

2. Next, select cell D10 (total profit) for the result cell and click on OK.

Conclusion: if you sell 70% for the highest price, you obtain a total profit of $4100, if you sell 80% for the highest price, you obtain a total profit of $4400, etc. That’s how easy what-if analysis in Excel can be.

Goal Seek

What if you want to know how many books you need to sell for the highest price, to obtain a total profit of exactly $4700? You can use Excel’s Goal Seek feature to find the answer.

1. On the Data tab, in the Forecast group, click What-If Analysis.

2. Click Goal Seek.

The Goal Seek dialog box appears.

3. Select cell D10.

4. Click in the ‘To value’ box and type 4700.

5. Click in the ‘By changing cell’ box and select cell C4.

Result. You need to sell 90% of the books for the highest price to obtain a total profit of exactly $4700.

Note: visit our page about Goal Seek for more examples and tips.

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Introduction to What-If Analysis

By using What-If Analysis tools in Excel, you can use several different sets of values in one or more formulas to explore all the various results.

For example, you can do What-If Analysis to build two budgets that each assumes a certain level of revenue. Or, you can specify a result that you want a formula to produce, and then determine what sets of values will produce that result. Excel provides several different tools to help you perform the type of analysis that fits your needs.

Note that this is just an overview of those tools. There are links to help topics for each one specifically.

What-If Analysis is the process of changing the values in cells to see how those changes will affect the outcome of formulas on the worksheet.

Three kinds of What-If Analysis tools come with Excel: Scenarios, Goal Seek, and Data Tables. Scenarios and Data tables take sets of input values and determine possible results. A Data Table works with only one or two variables, but it can accept many different values for those variables. A Scenario can have multiple variables, but it can only accommodate up to 32 values. Goal Seek works differently from Scenarios and Data Tables in that it takes a result and determines possible input values that produce that result.

In addition to these three tools, you can install add-ins that help you perform What-If Analysis, such as the Solver add-in. The Solver add-in is similar to Goal Seek, but it can accommodate more variables. You can also create forecasts by using the fill handle and various commands that are built into Excel.

For more advanced models, you can use the Analysis ToolPak add-in.

A Scenario is a set of values that Excel saves and can substitute automatically in cells on a worksheet. You can create and save different groups of values on a worksheet and then switch to any of these new scenarios to view different results.

For example, suppose you have two budget scenarios: a worst case and a best case. You can use the Scenario Manager to create both scenarios on the same worksheet, and then switch between them. For each scenario, you specify the cells that change and the values to use for that scenario. When you switch between scenarios, the result cell changes to reflect the different changing cell values.

1. Changing cells

1. Changing cells

If several people have specific information in separate workbooks that you want to use in scenarios, you can collect those workbooks and merge their scenarios.

After you have created or gathered all the scenarios that you need, you can create a Scenario Summary Report that incorporates information from those scenarios. A scenario report displays all the scenario information in one table on a new worksheet.

Note: Scenario reports are not automatically recalculated. If you change the values of a scenario, those changes will not show up in an existing summary report. Instead, you must create a new summary report.

If you know the result that you want from a formula, but you’re not sure what input value the formula requires to get that result, you can use the Goal Seek feature. For example, suppose that you need to borrow some money. You know how much money you want, how long a period you want in which to pay off the loan, and how much you can afford to pay each month. You can use Goal Seek to determine what interest rate you must secure in order to meet your loan goal.

Cells B1, B2, and B3 are the values for the loan amount, term length, and interest rate.

Cell B4 displays the result of the formula =PMT(B3/12,B2,B1).

Note: Goal Seek works with only one variable input value. If you want to determine more than one input value, for example, the loan amount and the monthly payment amount for a loan, you should instead use the Solver add-in. For more information about the Solver add-in, see the section Prepare forecasts and advanced business models, and follow the links in the See Also section.

If you have a formula that uses one or two variables, or multiple formulas that all use one common variable, you can use a Data Table to see all the outcomes in one place. Using Data Tables makes it easy to examine a range of possibilities at a glance. Because you focus on only one or two variables, results are easy to read and share in tabular form. If automatic recalculation is enabled for the workbook, the data in Data Tables immediately recalculates; as a result, you always have fresh data.

Cell B3 contains the input value.
Cells C3, C4, and C5 are values Excel substitutes based on the value entered in B3.

A Data Table cannot accommodate more than two variables. If you want to analyze more than two variables, you can use Scenarios. Although it is limited to only one or two variables, a Data Table can use as many different variable values as you want. A Scenario can have a maximum of 32 different values, but you can create as many scenarios as you want.

If you want to prepare forecasts, you can use Excel to automatically generate future values that are based on existing data, or to automatically generate extrapolated values that are based on linear trend or growth trend calculations.

You can fill in a series of values that fit a simple linear trend or an exponential growth trend by using the fill handle or the Series command. To extend complex and nonlinear data, you can use worksheet functions or the regression analysis tool in the Analysis ToolPak Add-in.

Although Goal Seek can accommodate only one variable, you can project backward for more variables by using the Solver add-in. By using Solver, you can find an optimal value for a formula in one cell—called the target cell—on a worksheet.

Solver works with a group of cells that are related to the formula in the target cell. Solver adjusts the values in the changing cells that you specify—called the adjustable cells—to produce the result that you specify from the target cell formula. You can apply constraints to restrict the values that Solver can use in the model, and the constraints can refer to other cells that affect the target cell formula.

Need more help?

You can always ask an expert in the Excel Tech Community or get support in the Answers community.

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Анализ «Что Если» в Excel позволяет попробовать различные значения (сценарии) для формул.
Следующий пример поможет Вам освоить Анализ «что если» быстро и легко.

Предположим, у вас есть книжный магазин и есть 100 книг на продажу. Вы продаете определенный % книг по самой высокой цене в $ 50 и определенный % книг по более низкой цене $ 20.

Если вы продаете 60% книг по самой высокой цене, ячейка D10 вычисляет общую прибыль в размере 60 * $ 50 + 40 * $ 20 = $ 3800.

Скачать рассматриваемый пример Вы можете по этой ссылке: Пример анализа «что если» в Excel.

Создание различных сценариев

Что будет, если Вы продадите 70% книг по высокой цене? А что будет, если Вы продадите 80% книг? Или 90%, или 100%? Каждый другой процент продажи книг — это различный сценарий.
Вы можете использовать «Диспетчер сценариев» для создания этих сценариев.

Примечание: Вы можете просто ввести другой процент в ячейку C4, что бы увидеть результат в ячейке C10. Однако, Анализ «что если» позволит Вам сравнить результаты различных сценариев.

1. На вкладке Данные выберите Анализ «что если» и выберите Диспетчер сценариев из списка.
Откроется диалоговое окно Диспетчер сценариев.

2. Добавьте сценарий, нажав на кнопку Добавить.

3. Введите имя (60% книг по высокой цене), выберите ячейку C4 (% книг, которые продаются по высокой цене) для изменяемой ячейки и нажмите на кнопку OK.

4. Введите соответствующее значение 0,6 и нажмите на кнопку OK еще раз.

5. Далее, добавьте еще 4 других сценария (70%, 80%, 90% и 100% соответсвенно).

И, наконец, ваш Диспетчер сценариев должен соответствовать картинке ниже:

Примечание: чтобы увидеть результат сценария, выберите сценарий и нажмите на кнопку Вывести. Excel изменит значение ячейки C4 в соответствии со сценарием, что бы Вы смогли увидеть результат на листе.

Отчет по сценариям

Для того, чтобы легко сравнить результаты этих сценариев, выполните следующие действия:

1. Кликните по кнопке «Отчет» в Диспетчере сценариев.

2. Далее, выберите ячейку C10 (итого выручка) в качестве ячейки результата и нажмите ОК.

Вывод: Если вы продаете 70% книг по высокой цене, то Вы получите общую выручку в размере $ 4100, если Вы продаете 80% книг по высокой цене, то Вы получаете общую прибыль в размере $ 4400 и т.д. Вот как легко можно использовать Анализ «что если» в Excel.

Подписывайтесь на нас в социальных сетях, оставляйте комментарии к статье. Надеюсь пример использования анализа «что если» в Excel Вам понравился.

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