What does the word reform

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Reform (Latin: reformo) means the improvement or amendment of what is wrong, corrupt, unsatisfactory, etc.^[1] The use of the word in this way emerges in the late 18th century and is believed to originate from Christopher Wyvill’s Association movement which identified “Parliamentary Reform” as its primary aim.^[2] Reform is generally regarded as antithetical to revolution.

Developing countries may carry out a wide range of reforms to improve their living standards, often with support from international financial institutions and aid agencies. This can include reforms to macroeconomic policy, the civil service, and public financial management.

In the United States, rotation in office or term limits would, by contrast, be more revolutionary,^{[citation needed]} in altering basic political connections between incumbents and constituents.^{[note 1]}

Re-form[edit]

When used to describe something which is physically formed again, such as re-casting (mold/mould) or a band that gets back together, the proper term is re-form (with a hyphen), not «reform».^{[citation needed]}

See also[edit]

• Catalytic reforming
• Education reform
• Electoral reform
• Land reform
• Microeconomic reform
• Monetary reform
• Progressivism
• Reform (Religion)
• Reform movement
• Reformism
• Security sector governance and reform
• Tax reform
• University reform
• Wall Street reform

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• Harrington, Mona. The Dream of Deliverance in American Politics. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1986. x, 308 p. ISBN 0-394-54973-2

реформа, преобразование, исправление, реформировать, исправлять, исправляться

существительное ↓

глагол ↓

Словосочетания

reform the health system in this country — реформировать систему здравоохранения в этой стране  
an enlightened approach to prison reform — просвещённый подход к тюремной реформе  
introduce a reform — проводить реформу  
judicial reform — судебная реформа; правовая реформа  
reform juvenile offenders — перевоспитывать малолетних правонарушителей  
labour reform — реформа в сфере труда  
land reform policy — политика в области земельной реформы  
land tenure reform — реформа землепользования  
reform of land tenure — реформа землепользования  
implementing legislative and legal reform — проведение законодательной и правовой реформы  
legislative reform — законодательная реформа  
pursue currency reform — проводить валютную реформу  

Примеры с переводом

Примеры, ожидающие перевода

Возможные однокоренные слова

reformed  — преобразованный, исправившийся, исправленный
reformer  — реформатор, преобразователь, деятель эпохи Реформации
reformist  — реформистский, реформист
reformable  — реформируемый, улучшаемый
reforming  — реформировать, исправлять, исправляться, преобразовывать, перестраивать

Формы слова

verb
I/you/we/they: reform
he/she/it: reforms
ing ф. (present participle): reforming
2-я ф. (past tense): reformed
3-я ф. (past participle): reformed

noun
ед. ч.(singular): reform
мн. ч.(plural): reforms

• 1
  reform
  
  

  Ⅰ

  reform [rɪˊfɔ:m]

  1) рефо́рма, преобразова́ние

  2) исправле́ние, улучше́ние

  R. Bill ( или Act) рефо́рма избира́тельной систе́мы в А́нглии (1831— 32 гг.)

  1) улучша́ть(ся); реформи́ровать, преобразо́вывать

  3) исправля́ть(ся) ( о людях)

  Ⅱ

  Англо-русский словарь Мюллера > reform

• 2
  reform
  
  

  Politics english-russian dictionary > reform

• 3
  reform
  
  

  [̈ɪrɪˈfɔ:m]

  administrative reform административная реорганизация administrative reform административная реформа currency reform денежная реформа election reform реформа избирательной системы electoral reform избирательная реформа fiscal reform финансовая реформа judicial reform правовая реформа judicial reform судебная реформа land reform земельная реформа law reform правовая реформа legal reform правовая реформа legislative reform законодательная реформа management reform реформа управления monetary reform денежная реформа municipal reform муниципальная реформа reform = re-form Reform Bill, Reform Act реформа избирательной системы в Англии (1831-32 гг.) Reform Bill, Reform Act реформа избирательной системы в Англии (1831-32 гг.) social reform социальная реформа stock-exchange reform реформа фондовых бирж tax reform налоговая реформа taxation reform реформа в области налогообложения taxation reform реформа налогообложения

  English-Russian short dictionary > reform

• 4
  reform
  
  

  ̈ɪrɪˈfɔ:m
  1. сущ.
  1) перестройка, преобразование, реорганизация, реформа to carry out a reform, to effect a reform ≈ осуществлять преобразование far-reaching reform ≈ далеко идущее преобразование radical reform sweeping reform agrarian reform land reform economic reform orthographic reform spelling reform penal reform
  2) исправление, корректирование, улучшение reform school Syn: correction, improvement, amendment, reformation
  2. гл.
  1) улучшать(ся) ;
  изменять, исправлять, преобразовывать;
  проводить реформы his plans to reform the country’s economy ≈ его планы проведения в стране экономической реформы Syn: amend, improve, correct
  2.
  2) искоренять( ошибки, злоупотребления)
  3) исправлять(ся) (о людях) ;
  перестать совершать дурные поступки We will try to reform him within the community. ≈ Мы попытаемся исправить его, не прибегая к помощи посторонних. he promised to reform ≈ он обещал исправиться
  4) хим. подвергать( углеводородные соединения) крегингу;
  получать (бензин и т. п.), используя процесс крекинга Syn: crack
  3.
  5)
  5) = re-form
  реформа, преобразование — sweeping *s коренные преобразования исправление, улучшение — the * of the Calendar исправление календаря — * school исправительное заведение, особ. для малолетних правонарушителей;
  реформаторий улучшать, преобразовывать;
  реформировать — to * administration улучшить /реорганизовать/ управление исправлять, перевоспитывать — to * juvenile offenders перевоспитывать малолетних правонарушителей исправляться — with years he grew wise and *ed с годами он поумнел и изменился к лучшему (редкое) искоренять (ошибки)
  administrative ~ административная реорганизация administrative ~ административная реформа
  currency ~ денежная реформа
  election ~ реформа избирательной системы
  electoral ~ избирательная реформа
  fiscal ~ финансовая реформа
  judicial ~ правовая реформа judicial ~ судебная реформа
  land ~ земельная реформа
  law ~ правовая реформа
  legal ~ правовая реформа
  legislative ~ законодательная реформа
  management ~ реформа управления
  monetary ~ денежная реформа
  municipal ~ муниципальная реформа
  reform = re-form
  Reform Bill, Reform Act реформа избирательной системы в Англии (1831-32 гг.)
  Reform Bill, Reform Act реформа избирательной системы в Англии (1831-32 гг.)
  social ~ социальная реформа
  stock-exchange ~ реформа фондовых бирж
  tax ~ налоговая реформа
  taxation ~ реформа в области налогообложения taxation ~ реформа налогообложения

  Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > reform

• 5
  reform
  
  

  English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > reform

• 6
  reform
  
  

  реформа
  имя существительное:

  глагол:

  Англо-русский синонимический словарь > reform

• 7
  reform
  
  

  English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > reform

• 8
  reform
  
  

  [rɪ’fɔːm]
  1.

  сущ.

  1) реформа, преобразование, перестройка, реорганизация

  radical / sweeping reform — коренное, радикальное преобразование

  agrarian / land reform — аграрная реформа

  to carry out / effect a reform — осуществлять преобразование

  2) исправление, корректирование, улучшение

  Syn:

  2.

  гл.

  1) улучшать; изменять, исправлять, преобразовывать; проводить реформы

  Syn:

  3)

  а) исправиться, перестать совершать дурные поступки

  He promised to reform. — Он обещал исправиться.

  б) исправлять, перевоспитывать

  We will try to reform him within the community. — Мы попытаемся исправить его, не прибегая к помощи посторонних.

  4)

  хим.

  подвергать крекингу; получать , используя процесс крекинга

  Syn:

  Англо-русский современный словарь > reform

• 9
  reform
  
  

  1. n реформа, преобразование

  2. n исправление, улучшение

  3. v улучшать, преобразовывать; реформировать

  4. v исправлять, перевоспитывать

  5. v исправляться

  6. v редк. искоренять

  Синонимический ряд:

  1. change (noun) amelioration; amendment; betterment; change; correction; improvement; reformation; revision

  2. correct (verb) ameliorate; amend; better; change; correct; emend; regenerate; remedy; renew; reorganize; revise

  Антонимический ряд:

  corrupt; deform; deteriorate; impair; perpetuate; stereotype; vitiate; worsen

  English-Russian base dictionary > reform

• 10
  reform
  
  

  1.

  сущ.

  1)

  упр.

  перестройка, преобразование, реорганизация, реформа

  agrarian [land] reform — реформа сельского хозяйства

  economic reform — экономическая реформа, экономическое преобразование

  radical [sweeping] reform — коренное [радикальное] преобразование

  to carry out [to effect] a reform — осуществлять преобразование [реформу]

  See:

  2)

  общ.

  исправление, корректирование, улучшение

  Syn:

  2.

  1)

  общ.

  улучшать, исправлять, преобразовывать

  Syn:

  2)

  гос. упр.

  реформировать, проводить реформы

  Англо-русский экономический словарь > reform

• 11
  reform
  
  

  реформа, преобразование

  1) преобразовывать, реформировать; реорганизовывать

  2) исправлять, перевоспитывать

  English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > reform

• 12
  reform
  
  

  Англо-русский словарь по экономике и финансам > reform

• 13
  reform
  
  

  1. реформа

  2. реформировать

  English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > reform

• 14
  reform
  
  

  1. реформа

  2. преобразовать

  The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > reform

• 15
  reform
  
  

  1. [rıʹfɔ:m]

  1. реформа, преобразование

  2. исправление, улучшение

  reform school = reformatory I

  2. [rıʹfɔ:m]

  1. улучшать, преобразовывать; реформировать

  to reform administration — улучшить /реорганизовать/ управление

  2. 1) исправлять, перевоспитывать

  to reform juvenile offenders — перевоспитывать малолетних правонарушителей

  2) исправляться

  with years be grew wise and reformed — с годами он поумнел и изменился к лучшему

  НБАРС > reform

• 16
  reform
  
  

  1. [rıʹfɔ:m]

  1. реформа, преобразование

  2. исправление, улучшение

  reform school = reformatory I

  2. [rıʹfɔ:m]

  1. улучшать, преобразовывать; реформировать

  to reform administration — улучшить /реорганизовать/ управление

  2. 1) исправлять, перевоспитывать

  to reform juvenile offenders — перевоспитывать малолетних правонарушителей

  2) исправляться

  with years be grew wise and reformed — с годами он поумнел и изменился к лучшему

  НБАРС > reform

• 17
  reform
  
  

  2000 самых употребительных английских слов > reform

• 18
  Reform
  
  

  [rɪ’fɔːm]

  «Рефо́рм»

  Reform Club; в год основания клуба был принят закон о реформе парламентского представительства [ Reform Bill 1)]

  English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > Reform

• 19
  reform
  
  

  1.

  n

  рефо́рма ж

  2.

  v

  исправля́ть, перевоспи́тывать

  The Americanisms. English-Russian dictionary. > reform

• 20
  reform
  
  

  1. реформа, преобразование (государственное переустройство);

  2. исправление, улучшение в конкретной сфере жизнедеятельности (экономическая реформа).

  * * *

  сущ.

  1) реформа, преобразование (государственное переустройство);

  2) исправление, улучшение в конкретной сфере жизнедеятельности (экономическая реформа).

  Англо-русский словарь по социологии > reform

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle English reformen, from Old French reformer, from Latin reformo, reformare. As a noun since 1660s, from French réforme.

Pronunciation[edit]

• («to form again»):
  • (General American) IPA^(key): /ˌɹiːˈfɔɹm/
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˌɹiːˈfɔːm/
• (other senses):
  • (General American) IPA^(key): /ɹɪˈfɔɹm/, /ɹəˈfɔɹm/
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɹɪˈfɔːm/
• Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)m

Noun[edit]

reform (countable and uncountable, plural reforms)

1. The change of something that is defective, broken, inefficient or otherwise negative, in order to correct or improve it
   • 19 February 2011, Barack Obama, Presidential Weekly Address, America Will Win the Future

     …over the past two years, my administration has made education a top priority. We’ve launched a competition called “Race to the Top” – a reform that is lifting academic standards and getting results; not because Washington dictated the answers, but because states and local schools pursued innovative solutions.

   The elections need to undergo a serious reform.

   A major reform is needed to improve the efficiency in the factory.

Synonyms[edit]

• reformation
• amendment
• rectification
• correction

Derived terms[edit]

• monetary reform

[edit]

• reformation

Translations[edit]

Verb[edit]

reform (third-person singular simple present reforms, present participle reforming, simple past and past participle reformed)

1. (transitive) To put into a new and improved form or condition; to restore to a former good state, or bring from bad to good; to change from worse to better
   • 15 January 2018, Adebisi Onanuga and Robert Egbe in The Nation, ‘How we stopped DPP’s office from being used to settle scores’

     In this interview with Law Editors and Correspondents, he speaks on the gains of reforming the Directorate of Public Prosecutions (DPP), efforts to keep underage persons out of jail.

   • 1909, H. G. Wells, The History of Mr. Polly Chapter 9

   to reform a profligate man; to reform corrupt manners or morals; to reform a criminal

   • “There was always something a bit wrong with him,” she said, “but nothing you mightn’t have hoped for, not till they took him and carried him off and reformed him»

   • 1709, Jonathan Swift, A Project for the Advancement of Religion and the Reformation of Manners:

     Thus human nature seems to lie under the disadvantage, that the example alone of a vicious prince, will in time corrupt an age; but the example of a good one, will not be sufficient to reform it without farther endeavours.

2. (intransitive) To return to a good state; to amend or correct one’s own character or habits

   It is hoped that many criminals, upon being freed, will eventually reform.

3. (transitive, intransitive) To form again or in a new configuration.

   This product contains reformed meat.

   The regiment reformed after surviving the first attack.

   • 2012 August 21, Jason Heller, “The Darkness: Hot Cakes (Music Review)”, in The Onion AV Club‎^[1]:

     Since first tossing its cartoonish, good-time cock-rock to the masses in the early ’00s, The Darkness has always fallen back on this defense: The band is a joke, but hey, it’s a good joke. With Hot Cakes—the group’s third album, and first since reforming last year—the laughter has died. In its place is the sad wheeze of the last surviving party balloon slowly, listlessly deflating.

   • 2021 February 10, “Fleet News: CrossCountry boosts capacity by extending two-car Class 170/5s”, in RAIL, number 924, page 29:

     Two-car CrossCountry Class 170/5 diesel multiple units are being extended to three-car formations and reclassified as Class 170/6s, to boost capacity on the Birmingham-Stansted Airport route. So far, two have been reformed by Arriva TrainCare at Bristol Barton Hill and put back into traffic.

Synonyms[edit]

• (put into a better condition): amend, correct, rectify, mend, repair, better, improve, restore, reclaim

Translations[edit]

References[edit]

reform in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913

• Wells, John, Longman Pronunciation Dictionary, →ISBN, page 640

Further reading[edit]

• «reform» in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 262.

Anagrams[edit]

• former

Danish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /reˈfɔrm/, [ʁɛˈfɒˀm]

Noun[edit]

reform c (singular definite reformen, plural indefinite reformer)

1. reform

Declension[edit]

References[edit]

• “reform” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “reform” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Hungarian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From English reform and German Reform, from French réforme. ^[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): [ˈrɛform]
• Hyphenation: re‧form
• Rhymes: -orm

Noun[edit]

reform (plural reformok)

1. reform

   Synonym: újítás

Declension[edit]

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	reform	reformok
accusative	reformot	reformokat
dative	reformnak	reformoknak
instrumental	reformmal	reformokkal
causal-final	reformért	reformokért
translative	reformmá	reformokká
terminative	reformig	reformokig
essive-formal	reformként	reformokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	reformban	reformokban
superessive	reformon	reformokon
adessive	reformnál	reformoknál
illative	reformba	reformokba
sublative	reformra	reformokra
allative	reformhoz	reformokhoz
elative	reformból	reformokból
delative	reformról	reformokról
ablative	reformtól	reformoktól
non-attributive possessive — singular	reformé	reformoké
non-attributive possessive — plural	reforméi	reformokéi

Possessive forms of reform
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	reformom	reformjaim
2nd person sing.	reformod	reformjaid
3rd person sing.	reformja	reformjai
1st person plural	reformunk	reformjaink
2nd person plural	reformotok	reformjaitok
3rd person plural	reformjuk	reformjaik

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• reform in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From French réforme.

Noun[edit]

reform m (definite singular reformen, indefinite plural reformer, definite plural reformene)

1. reform

[edit]

• reformere

References[edit]

• “reform” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From French réforme.

Noun[edit]

reform f (definite singular reforma, indefinite plural reformer, definite plural reformene)

1. reform

References[edit]

• “reform” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Swedish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /reˈfɔrm/

Noun[edit]

reform c

1. reform

Declension[edit]

Declension of reform
	Singular	Plural
Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	reform	reformen	reformer	reformerna
Genitive	reforms	reformens	reformers	reformernas

[edit]

• högskolereform
• reformation
• reformator
• reformatorisk
• reformera
• reformist
• reformistisk
• reformutrymme
• stavningsreform

References[edit]

• reform in Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket (14th ed., online)

Anagrams[edit]

• former

Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From French réforme.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ɾɛˈfoɾm/

Noun[edit]

reform (definite accusative reformu, plural reformlar)

1. reform

Further reading[edit]

• reform in Turkish dictionaries at Türk Dil Kurumu

reform — перевод на русский

/ˌriːˈfɔːm/

Показать ещё примеры для «реформы»…

Показать ещё примеры для «исправился»…

Показать ещё примеры для «исправительную»…

Показать ещё примеры для «изменился»…

Показать ещё примеры для «реформировать»…

Показать ещё примеры для «исправившийся»…

Показать ещё примеры для «реформирования»…

Показать ещё примеры для «исправить»…

Показать ещё примеры для «изменения»…

Показать ещё примеры для «изменить»…

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Lynyrd Skynyrd disbanded after the incident, but Van Zant’s brother would reform the group a decade later in 1987.


—Nick Romano, EW.com, 6 Mar. 2023




The changes would reform human food programs and the FDA’s Office of Regulatory Affairs, which handles inspections, laboratory testing, import and investigative operations.


—Jamie Gumbrecht, CNN, 31 Jan. 2023




President Joe Biden campaigned on a promise to reform policing.


—Allison Pecorin, ABC News, 27 Jan. 2023




In 2005, Bush 43 moved boldly to reform our entitlements, to save the system.


—Jay Nordlinger, National Review, 24 Jan. 2023

The nation’s Catholic bishops, for the first time, agreed on reforms including a lifetime ban from ministry for any priest who commits even a single incident of abuse.


—Lea Skene, Fortune, 5 Apr. 2023




The nation’s Catholic bishops, for the first time, agreed on reforms including a lifetime ban from ministry for any priest who commits even a single incident of abuse.


—CBS News, 5 Apr. 2023




Almost immediately after introducing his reform bill, Bonner received his first baptism from the industry.


—Margaret Coker, ProPublica, 4 Apr. 2023




Zelin said that because of bail reforms in New York, the judge would lack discretion to set bail and Trump would be free to leave on his own recognizance after the hearing.


—Politifact Staff Writer, Dallas News, 1 Apr. 2023




In Kentucky Kentucky’s legalization of medical marijuana drew quick praise from groups focused on cannabis policy reform including the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) and the Marijuana Policy Project.


—A.j. Herrington, Forbes, 1 Apr. 2023




Afterward, the committee voted 21-17 to support the repeal of the D.C. police reform bill, which was passed after the 2020 murder of George Floyd.


—Teresa Mettela, ABC News, 29 Mar. 2023




Netanyahu may also be hoping for the reform bill to be shelved for the time being.


—Nadeen Ebrahim, CNN, 29 Mar. 2023




The influx was prompted by the tort-reform bill that was presented at the beginning of the Legislative session and, as expected, swiftly signed into law.


—Christopher Cann, Orlando Sentinel, 28 Mar. 2023

In a letter, 140 ophthalmologists raised concerns about a rising number of patients with severe eye injuries resulting from being shot with metal pellets and rubber bullets, according to pro-reform Iranian news site Sobhema and Iran International as well as other sites on social media.


—Arkansas Online, 27 Nov. 2022




In a letter, 140 ophthalmologists raised concerns about a rising number of patients with severe eye injuries resulting from being shot with metal pellets and rubber bullets, according to pro-reform Iranian news site Sobhema and Iran International as well as other sites on social media.


—BostonGlobe.com, 26 Nov. 2022




Three of the seven candidates in Iran’s presidential election dropped out days before the June 18 vote, leaving just one pro-reform contender and helping hardline frontrunner Ebrahim Raisi consolidate his support.


—Arsalan Shahla, Bloomberg.com, 16 June 2021




Farhad Meysami was released from prison on Friday, according to the Iranian pro-reform outlet Shargh Daily.


—Jonny Hallam, CNN, 10 Feb. 2023




According to the Associated Press, Akbari served as deputy defense minister under President Mohammad Khatami — a pro-reform cleric who came to power in 1997 — until 2001.


—Bryan Pietsch, Washington Post, 12 Jan. 2023




Iran’s parliament and judiciary are reviewing the country’s mandatory hijab law, Attorney General Mohammad Jafar Montazeri told a pro-reform outlet.


—Alexandra Meeks, CNN, 5 Dec. 2022




In a video obtained by CNN via the pro-reform activist outlet Iran Wire, two uniformed officers can be seen in what appears to be an attempt to arrest a protester.


—Niamh Kennedy, CNN, 30 Oct. 2022




Sources inside the prison told pro-reform outlet IranWire that guards fired tear gas all night after the fire broke out.


—Artemis Moshtaghian, CNN, 17 Oct. 2022

Nothing settles; small groups form and re-form.


—Jeffrey Gantz, BostonGlobe.com, 19 Mar. 2023




It was effectively defeated by 2013, but in March last year, the group re-formed and began launching new attacks.


—Ryan Lenora Brown, The Christian Science Monitor, 14 Mar. 2023


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