What does the word pressure means

This article is about pressure in the physical sciences. For other uses, see Pressure (disambiguation).

Pressure

Common symbols

p, P
SI unit pascal [Pa]
In SI base units 1 N/m2, 1 kg/(m·s2), or 1 J/m3

Derivations from
other quantities

p = F / A
Dimension M L−1 T−2

A figure showing pressure exerted by particle collisions inside a closed container. The collisions that exert the pressure are highlighted in red.

Pressure as exerted by particle collisions inside a closed container

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.[1]: 445  Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure)[a] is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.

Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.

Definition[edit]

Pressure is the amount of force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area. The symbol for it is «p» or P.[2]
The IUPAC recommendation for pressure is a lower-case p.[3]
However, upper-case P is widely used. The usage of P vs p depends upon the field in which one is working, on the nearby presence of other symbols for quantities such as power and momentum, and on writing style.

Formula[edit]

Pressure force area.svg

Mathematically:

{displaystyle p={frac {F}{A}},}[4]

where:

p is the pressure,
F is the magnitude of the normal force,
A is the area of the surface on contact.

Pressure is a scalar quantity. It relates the vector area element (a vector normal to the surface) with the normal force acting on it. The pressure is the scalar proportionality constant that relates the two normal vectors:

{displaystyle dmathbf {F} _{n}=-p,dmathbf {A} =-p,mathbf {n} ,dA.}

The minus sign comes from the convention that the force is considered towards the surface element, while the normal vector points outward. The equation has meaning in that, for any surface S in contact with the fluid, the total force exerted by the fluid on that surface is the surface integral over S of the right-hand side of the above equation.

It is incorrect (although rather usual) to say «the pressure is directed in such or such direction». The pressure, as a scalar, has no direction. The force given by the previous relationship to the quantity has a direction, but the pressure does not. If we change the orientation of the surface element, the direction of the normal force changes accordingly, but the pressure remains the same.[citation needed]

Pressure is distributed to solid boundaries or across arbitrary sections of fluid normal to these boundaries or sections at every point. It is a fundamental parameter in thermodynamics, and it is conjugate to volume.[5]

Units[edit]

The SI unit for pressure is the pascal (Pa), equal to one newton per square metre (N/m2, or kg·m−1·s−2). This name for the unit was added in 1971;[6] before that, pressure in SI was expressed simply in newtons per square metre.

Other units of pressure, such as pounds per square inch (lbf/in2) and bar, are also in common use. The CGS unit of pressure is the barye (Ba), equal to 1 dyn·cm−2, or 0.1 Pa. Pressure is sometimes expressed in grams-force or kilograms-force per square centimetre (g/cm2 or kg/cm2) and the like without properly identifying the force units. But using the names kilogram, gram, kilogram-force, or gram-force (or their symbols) as units of force is expressly forbidden in SI. The technical atmosphere (symbol: at) is 1 kgf/cm2 (98.0665 kPa, or 14.223 psi).

Pressure is related to energy density and may be expressed in units such as joules per cubic metre (J/m3, which is equal to Pa).
Mathematically:

{displaystyle p={frac {Fcdot {text{distance}}}{Acdot {text{distance}}}}={frac {text{Work}}{text{Volume}}}={frac {text{Energy (J)}}{{text{Volume }}({text{m}}^{3})}}.}

Some meteorologists prefer the hectopascal (hPa) for atmospheric air pressure, which is equivalent to the older unit millibar (mbar). Similar pressures are given in kilopascals (kPa) in most other fields, except aviation where the hecto- prefix is commonly used. The inch of mercury is still used in the United States. Oceanographers usually measure underwater pressure in decibars (dbar) because pressure in the ocean increases by approximately one decibar per metre depth.

The standard atmosphere (atm) is an established constant. It is approximately equal to typical air pressure at Earth mean sea level and is defined as 101325 Pa.

Because pressure is commonly measured by its ability to displace a column of liquid in a manometer, pressures are often expressed as a depth of a particular fluid (e.g., centimetres of water, millimetres of mercury or inches of mercury). The most common choices are mercury (Hg) and water; water is nontoxic and readily available, while mercury’s high density allows a shorter column (and so a smaller manometer) to be used to measure a given pressure. The pressure exerted by a column of liquid of height h and density ρ is given by the hydrostatic pressure equation p = ρgh, where g is the gravitational acceleration. Fluid density and local gravity can vary from one reading to another depending on local factors, so the height of a fluid column does not define pressure precisely.

When millimetres of mercury (or inches of mercury) are quoted today, these units are not based on a physical column of mercury; rather, they have been given precise definitions that can be expressed in terms of SI units.[7] One millimetre of mercury is approximately equal to one torr. The water-based units still depend on the density of water, a measured, rather than defined, quantity. These manometric units are still encountered in many fields. Blood pressure is measured in millimetres (or centimetres) of mercury in most of the world, and lung pressures in centimetres of water are still common.[citation needed]

Underwater divers use the metre sea water (msw or MSW) and foot sea water (fsw or FSW) units of pressure, and these are the standard units for pressure gauges used to measure pressure exposure in diving chambers and personal decompression computers. A msw is defined as 0.1 bar (= 100000 Pa = 10000 Pa), is not the same as a linear metre of depth. 33.066 fsw = 1 atm[citation needed] (1 atm = 101325 Pa / 33.066 = 3064.326 Pa). The pressure conversion from msw to fsw is different from the length conversion: 10 msw = 32.6336 fsw, while 10 m = 32.8083 ft.[citation needed]

Gauge pressure is often given in units with «g» appended, e.g. «kPag», «barg» or «psig», and units for measurements of absolute pressure are sometimes given a suffix of «a», to avoid confusion, for example «kPaa», «psia». However, the US National Institute of Standards and Technology recommends that, to avoid confusion, any modifiers be instead applied to the quantity being measured rather than the unit of measure.[8] For example, «pg = 100 psi» rather than «p = 100 psig».

Differential pressure is expressed in units with «d» appended; this type of measurement is useful when considering sealing performance or whether a valve will open or close.

Presently or formerly popular pressure units include the following:

  • atmosphere (atm)
  • manometric units:
    • centimetre, inch, millimetre (torr) and micrometre (mTorr, micron) of mercury,
    • height of equivalent column of water, including millimetre (mm H
      2
      O
      ), centimetre (cm H
      2
      O
      ), metre, inch, and foot of water;
  • imperial and customary units:
    • kip, short ton-force, long ton-force, pound-force, ounce-force, and poundal per square inch,
    • short ton-force and long ton-force per square inch,
    • fsw (feet sea water) used in underwater diving, particularly in connection with diving pressure exposure and decompression;
  • non-SI metric units:
    • bar, decibar, millibar,
      • msw (metres sea water), used in underwater diving, particularly in connection with diving pressure exposure and decompression,
    • kilogram-force, or kilopond, per square centimetre (technical atmosphere),
    • gram-force and tonne-force (metric ton-force) per square centimetre,
    • barye (dyne per square centimetre),
    • kilogram-force and tonne-force per square metre,
    • sthene per square metre (pieze).

Examples[edit]

The effects of an external pressure of 700 bar on an aluminum cylinder with 5 mm (0.197 in) wall thickness

As an example of varying pressures, a finger can be pressed against a wall without making any lasting impression; however, the same finger pushing a thumbtack can easily damage the wall. Although the force applied to the surface is the same, the thumbtack applies more pressure because the point concentrates that force into a smaller area. Pressure is transmitted to solid boundaries or across arbitrary sections of fluid normal to these boundaries or sections at every point. Unlike stress, pressure is defined as a scalar quantity. The negative gradient of pressure is called the force density.[9]

Another example is a knife. If we try to cut with the flat edge, force is distributed over a larger surface area resulting in less pressure, and it will not cut. Whereas using the sharp edge, which has less surface area, results in greater pressure, and so the knife cuts smoothly. This is one example of a practical application of pressure[10]

For gases, pressure is sometimes measured not as an absolute pressure, but relative to atmospheric pressure; such measurements are called gauge pressure. An example of this is the air pressure in an automobile tire, which might be said to be «220 kPa (32 psi)», but is actually 220 kPa (32 psi) above atmospheric pressure. Since atmospheric pressure at sea level is about 100 kPa (14.7 psi), the absolute pressure in the tire is therefore about 320 kPa (46 psi). In technical work, this is written «a gauge pressure of 220 kPa (32 psi)».

Where space is limited, such as on pressure gauges, name plates, graph labels, and table headings, the use of a modifier in parentheses, such as «kPa (gauge)» or «kPa (absolute)», is permitted. In non-SI technical work, a gauge pressure of 32 psi (220 kPa) is sometimes written as «32 psig», and an absolute pressure as «32 psia», though the other methods explained above that avoid attaching characters to the unit of pressure are preferred.[8]

Gauge pressure is the relevant measure of pressure wherever one is interested in the stress on storage vessels and the plumbing components of fluidics systems. However, whenever equation-of-state properties, such as densities or changes in densities, must be calculated, pressures must be expressed in terms of their absolute values. For instance, if the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa (15 psi), a gas (such as helium) at 200 kPa (29 psi) (gauge) (300 kPa or 44 psi [absolute]) is 50% denser than the same gas at 100 kPa (15 psi) (gauge) (200 kPa or 29 psi [absolute]). Focusing on gauge values, one might erroneously conclude the first sample had twice the density of the second one.[citation needed]

Scalar nature[edit]

In a static gas, the gas as a whole does not appear to move. The individual molecules of the gas, however, are in constant random motion. Because we are dealing with an extremely large number of molecules and because the motion of the individual molecules is random in every direction, we do not detect any motion. When the gas is at least partially confined (that is, not free to expand rapidly), the gas will exhibit a static pressure. This confinement can be achieved with either a physical container of some sort, or in a gravitational well such as a planet, otherwise known as atmospheric pressure.

In a physical container, the pressure of the gas originates from the molecules colliding with the walls of the container. We can put the walls of our container anywhere inside the gas, and the force per unit area (the pressure) is the same. We can shrink the size of our «container» down to a very small point (becoming less true as we approach the atomic scale), and the pressure will still have a single value at that point. Therefore, pressure is a scalar quantity, not a vector quantity. It has magnitude but no direction sense associated with it. Pressure force acts in all directions at a point inside a gas. At the surface of a gas, the pressure force acts perpendicular (at right angle) to the surface.[citation needed]

A closely related quantity is the stress tensor σ, which relates the vector force mathbf {F} to the
vector area mathbf {A} via the linear relation {displaystyle mathbf {F} =sigma mathbf {A} }.

This tensor may be expressed as the sum of the viscous stress tensor minus the hydrostatic pressure. The negative of the stress tensor is sometimes called the pressure tensor, but in the following, the term «pressure» will refer only to the scalar pressure.[citation needed]

According to the theory of general relativity, pressure increases the strength of a gravitational field (see stress–energy tensor) and so adds to the mass-energy cause of gravity. This effect is unnoticeable at everyday pressures but is significant in neutron stars, although it has not been experimentally tested.[11]

Types[edit]

Fluid pressure[edit]

Fluid pressure is most often the compressive stress at some point within a fluid. (The term fluid refers to both liquids and gases – for more information specifically about liquid pressure, see section below.)

Water escapes at high speed from a damaged hydrant that contains water at high pressure

Fluid pressure occurs in one of two situations:

  1. An open condition, called «open channel flow», e.g. the ocean, a swimming pool, or the atmosphere.
  2. A closed condition, called «closed conduit», e.g. a water line or gas line.

Pressure in open conditions usually can be approximated as the pressure in «static» or non-moving conditions (even in the ocean where there are waves and currents), because the motions create only negligible changes in the pressure. Such conditions conform with principles of fluid statics. The pressure at any given point of a non-moving (static) fluid is called the hydrostatic pressure.

Closed bodies of fluid are either «static», when the fluid is not moving, or «dynamic», when the fluid can move as in either a pipe or by compressing an air gap in a closed container. The pressure in closed conditions conforms with the principles of fluid dynamics.

The concepts of fluid pressure are predominantly attributed to the discoveries of Blaise Pascal and Daniel Bernoulli. Bernoulli’s equation can be used in almost any situation to determine the pressure at any point in a fluid. The equation makes some assumptions about the fluid, such as the fluid being ideal[12] and incompressible.[12] An ideal fluid is a fluid in which there is no friction, it is inviscid[12] (zero viscosity).[12] The equation for all points of a system filled with a constant-density fluid is[13]

{displaystyle {frac {p}{gamma }}+{frac {v^{2}}{2g}}+z=mathrm {const} ,}

where:

p, pressure of the fluid,
{gamma } = ρg, density × acceleration of gravity is the (volume-) specific weight of the fluid,[12]
v, velocity of the fluid,
g, acceleration of gravity,
z, elevation,
{frac {p}{gamma }}, pressure head,
frac{v^2}{2g}, velocity head.

Applications[edit]

  • Hydraulic brakes
  • Artesian well
  • Blood pressure
  • Hydraulic head
  • Plant cell turgidity
  • Pythagorean cup
  • Pressure washing

Explosion or deflagration pressures[edit]

Explosion or deflagration pressures are the result of the ignition of explosive gases, mists, dust/air suspensions, in unconfined and confined spaces.

Negative pressures[edit]

While pressures are, in general, positive, there are several situations in which negative pressures may be encountered:

  • When dealing in relative (gauge) pressures. For instance, an absolute pressure of 80 kPa may be described as a gauge pressure of −21 kPa (i.e., 21 kPa below an atmospheric pressure of 101 kPa). For example, abdominal decompression is an obstetric procedure during which negative gauge pressure is applied intermittently to a pregnant woman’s abdomen.
  • Negative absolute pressures are possible. They are effectively tension, and both bulk solids and bulk liquids can be put under negative absolute pressure by pulling on them.[14] Microscopically, the molecules in solids and liquids have attractive interactions that overpower the thermal kinetic energy, so some tension can be sustained. Thermodynamically, however, a bulk material under negative pressure is in a metastable state, and it is especially fragile in the case of liquids where the negative pressure state is similar to superheating and is easily susceptible to cavitation.[15] In certain situations, the cavitation can be avoided and negative pressures sustained indefinitely,[15] for example, liquid mercury has been observed to sustain up to −425 atm in clean glass containers.[16] Negative liquid pressures are thought to be involved in the ascent of sap in plants taller than 10 m (the atmospheric pressure head of water).[17]
  • The Casimir effect can create a small attractive force due to interactions with vacuum energy; this force is sometimes termed «vacuum pressure» (not to be confused with the negative gauge pressure of a vacuum).
  • For non-isotropic stresses in rigid bodies, depending on how the orientation of a surface is chosen, the same distribution of forces may have a component of positive pressure along one surface normal, with a component of negative pressure acting along another surface normal.
    • The stresses in an electromagnetic field are generally non-isotropic, with the pressure normal to one surface element (the normal stress) being negative, and positive for surface elements perpendicular to this.
  • In cosmology, dark energy creates a very small yet cosmically significant amount of negative pressure, which accelerates the expansion of the universe.

Stagnation pressure[edit]

Stagnation pressure is the pressure a fluid exerts when it is forced to stop moving. Consequently, although a fluid moving at higher speed will have a lower static pressure, it may have a higher stagnation pressure when forced to a standstill. Static pressure and stagnation pressure are related by:

p_{0} = frac{1}{2}rho v^2 + p

where

p_{0} is the stagnation pressure,
rho is the density,
v is the flow velocity,
p is the static pressure.

The pressure of a moving fluid can be measured using a Pitot tube, or one of its variations such as a Kiel probe or Cobra probe, connected to a manometer. Depending on where the inlet holes are located on the probe, it can measure static pressures or stagnation pressures.

Surface pressure and surface tension[edit]

There is a two-dimensional analog of pressure – the lateral force per unit length applied on a line perpendicular to the force.

Surface pressure is denoted by π:

pi = frac{F}{l}

and shares many similar properties with three-dimensional pressure. Properties of surface chemicals can be investigated by measuring pressure/area isotherms, as the two-dimensional analog of Boyle’s law, πA = k, at constant temperature.

Surface tension is another example of surface pressure, but with a reversed sign, because «tension» is the opposite to «pressure».

Pressure of an ideal gas[edit]

In an ideal gas, molecules have no volume and do not interact. According to the ideal gas law, pressure varies linearly with temperature and quantity, and inversely with volume:

{displaystyle p={frac {nRT}{V}},}

where:

p is the absolute pressure of the gas,
n is the amount of substance,
T is the absolute temperature,
V is the volume,
R is the ideal gas constant.

Real gases exhibit a more complex dependence on the variables of state.[18]

Vapour pressure[edit]

Vapour pressure is the pressure of a vapour in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases in a closed system. All liquids and solids have a tendency to evaporate into a gaseous form, and all gases have a tendency to condense back to their liquid or solid form.

The atmospheric pressure boiling point of a liquid (also known as the normal boiling point) is the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals the ambient atmospheric pressure. With any incremental increase in that temperature, the vapor pressure becomes sufficient to overcome atmospheric pressure and lift the liquid to form vapour bubbles inside the bulk of the substance. Bubble formation deeper in the liquid requires a higher pressure, and therefore higher temperature, because the fluid pressure increases above the atmospheric pressure as the depth increases.

The vapor pressure that a single component in a mixture contributes to the total pressure in the system is called partial vapor pressure.

Liquid pressure[edit]

When a person swims under the water, water pressure is felt acting on the person’s eardrums. The deeper that person swims, the greater the pressure. The pressure felt is due to the weight of the water above the person. As someone swims deeper, there is more water above the person and therefore greater pressure. The pressure a liquid exerts depends on its depth.

Liquid pressure also depends on the density of the liquid. If someone was submerged in a liquid more dense than water, the pressure would be correspondingly greater. Thus, we can say that the depth, density and liquid pressure are directly proportionate. The pressure due to a liquid in liquid columns of constant density or at a depth within a substance is represented by the following formula:

{displaystyle p=rho gh,}

where:

p is liquid pressure,
g is gravity at the surface of overlaying material,
ρ is density of liquid,
h is height of liquid column or depth within a substance.

Another way of saying the same formula is the following:

{displaystyle p={text{weight density}}times {text{depth}}.}
Derivation of this equation
This is derived from the definitions of pressure and weight density. Consider an area at the bottom of a vessel of liquid. The weight of the column of liquid directly above this area produces pressure. From the definition

{displaystyle {text{weight density}}={frac {text{weight}}{text{volume}}}}

we can express this weight of liquid as

{displaystyle {text{weight}}={text{weight density}}times {text{volume}},}

where the volume of the column is simply the area multiplied by the depth. Then we have

{displaystyle {text{pressure}}={frac {text{force}}{text{area}}}={frac {text{weight}}{text{area}}}={frac {{text{weight density}}times {text{volume}}}{text{area}}},}
{displaystyle {text{pressure}}={frac {{text{weight density}}times {text{(area}}times {text{depth)}}}{text{area}}}.}

With the «area» in the numerator and the «area» in the denominator canceling each other out, we are left with

{displaystyle {text{pressure}}={text{weight density}}times {text{depth}}.}

Written with symbols, this is our original equation:

{displaystyle p=rho gh.}

The pressure a liquid exerts against the sides and bottom of a container depends on the density and the depth of the liquid. If atmospheric pressure is neglected, liquid pressure against the bottom is twice as great at twice the depth; at three times the depth, the liquid pressure is threefold; etc. Or, if the liquid is two or three times as dense, the liquid pressure is correspondingly two or three times as great for any given depth. Liquids are practically incompressible – that is, their volume can hardly be changed by pressure (water volume decreases by only 50 millionths of its original volume for each atmospheric increase in pressure). Thus, except for small changes produced by temperature, the density of a particular liquid is practically the same at all depths.

Atmospheric pressure pressing on the surface of a liquid must be taken into account when trying to discover the total pressure acting on a liquid. The total pressure of a liquid, then, is ρgh plus the pressure of the atmosphere. When this distinction is important, the term total pressure is used. Otherwise, discussions of liquid pressure refer to pressure without regard to the normally ever-present atmospheric pressure.

The pressure does not depend on the amount of liquid present. Volume is not the important factor – depth is. The average water pressure acting against a dam depends on the average depth of the water and not on the volume of water held back. For example, a wide but shallow lake with a depth of 3 m (10 ft) exerts only half the average pressure that a small 6 m (20 ft) deep pond does. (The total force applied to the longer dam will be greater, due to the greater total surface area for the pressure to act upon. But for a given 5-foot (1.5 m)-wide section of each dam, the 10 ft (3.0 m) deep water will apply one quarter the force of 20 ft (6.1 m) deep water). A person will feel the same pressure whether their head is dunked a metre beneath the surface of the water in a small pool or to the same depth in the middle of a large lake.

If four interconnected vases contain different amounts of water but are all filled to equal depths, then a fish with its head dunked a few centimetres under the surface will be acted on by water pressure that is the same in any of the vases. If the fish swims a few centimetres deeper, the pressure on the fish will increase with depth and be the same no matter which vase the fish is in. If the fish swims to the bottom, the pressure will be greater, but it makes no difference which vase it is in. All vases are filled to equal depths, so the water pressure is the same at the bottom of each vase, regardless of its shape or volume. If water pressure at the bottom of a vase were greater than water pressure at the bottom of a neighboring vase, the greater pressure would force water sideways and then up the narrower vase to a higher level until the pressures at the bottom were equalized. Pressure is depth dependent, not volume dependent, so there is a reason that water seeks its own level.

Restating this as an energy equation, the energy per unit volume in an ideal, incompressible liquid is constant throughout its vessel. At the surface, gravitational potential energy is large but liquid pressure energy is low. At the bottom of the vessel, all the gravitational potential energy is converted to pressure energy. The sum of pressure energy and gravitational potential energy per unit volume is constant throughout the volume of the fluid and the two energy components change linearly with the depth.[19] Mathematically, it is described by Bernoulli’s equation, where velocity head is zero and comparisons per unit volume in the vessel are

{displaystyle {frac {p}{gamma }}+z=mathrm {const} .}

Terms have the same meaning as in section Fluid pressure.

Direction of liquid pressure[edit]

An experimentally determined fact about liquid pressure is that it is exerted equally in all directions.[20] If someone is submerged in water, no matter which way that person tilts their head, the person will feel the same amount of water pressure on their ears. Because a liquid can flow, this pressure isn’t only downward. Pressure is seen acting sideways when water spurts sideways from a leak in the side of an upright can. Pressure also acts upward, as demonstrated when someone tries to push a beach ball beneath the surface of the water. The bottom of a boat is pushed upward by water pressure (buoyancy).

When a liquid presses against a surface, there is a net force that is perpendicular to the surface. Although pressure doesn’t have a specific direction, force does. A submerged triangular block has water forced against each point from many directions, but components of the force that are not perpendicular to the surface cancel each other out, leaving only a net perpendicular point.[20] This is why water spurting from a hole in a bucket initially exits the bucket in a direction at right angles to the surface of the bucket in which the hole is located. Then it curves downward due to gravity. If there are three holes in a bucket (top, bottom, and middle), then the force vectors perpendicular to the inner container surface will increase with increasing depth – that is, a greater pressure at the bottom makes it so that the bottom hole will shoot water out the farthest. The force exerted by a fluid on a smooth surface is always at right angles to the surface. The speed of liquid out of the hole is scriptstyle sqrt{2gh}, where h is the depth below the free surface.[20] This is the same speed the water (or anything else) would have if freely falling the same vertical distance h.

Kinematic pressure[edit]

P=p/rho_0

is the kinematic pressure, where p is the pressure and rho _{0} constant mass density. The SI unit of P is m2/s2. Kinematic pressure is used in the same manner as kinematic viscosity nu in order to compute the Navier–Stokes equation without explicitly showing the density rho _{0}.

Navier–Stokes equation with kinematic quantities
{displaystyle {frac {partial u}{partial t}}+(unabla )u=-nabla P+nu nabla ^{2}u.}

See also[edit]

  • Atmospheric pressure – Static pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere
  • Blood pressure – Pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of arteries
  • Boyle’s law – Relationship between pressure and volume in a gas at constant temperature
  • Combined gas law – Combination of Charles’, Boyle’s and Gay-Lussac’s gas laws
  • Conversion of units – Comparison of various scales
  • Critical point (thermodynamics) – Temperature and pressure point where phase boundaries disappear
  • Dimensional analysis – Analysis of the relationships between different physical quantities
  • Dynamic pressure – Kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid
  • Electric potential – Line integral of the electric field
  • Electron degeneracy pressure – Repulsive force in quantum mechanics
  • High pressure – Great force distributed over a small area
  • Hydraulics – Fluid engineering and fluid mechanics
  • Internal pressure – measure of how the internal energy of a system changes when it expands or contracts at constant temperature
  • Kinetic theory – Historical physical model of gases
  • Microphone – Device that converts sound into an electrical signal
  • Orders of magnitude (pressure) – Range of exerted pressure from vacuums to black holes.
  • Partial pressure – Pressure attributed to a component gas in a mixture
  • Pressure measurement – Analysis of force applied by a fluid on a surface
  • Pressure sensor – Pressure measurement device
  • Sound pressure – Local pressure deviation caused by a sound wave
  • Static pressure – Term in fluid dynamics; how «heavy» a stagnant fluid is
  • Timeline of temperature and pressure measurement technology
  • Torricelli’s law – theorem in fluid dynamics
  • Vacuum – Space that is empty of matter
  • Vacuum pump – Equipment generating a relative vacuum
  • Vertical pressure variation – Variation in pressure as a function of elevation

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ The preferred spelling varies by country and even by industry. Further, both spellings are often used within a particular industry or country. Industries in British English-speaking countries typically use the «gauge» spelling.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Knight, PhD, Randall D. (2007). «Fluid Mechanics». Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach (google books) (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Pearson Addison Wesley. p. 1183. ISBN 978-0-321-51671-8. Retrieved 6 April 2020. Pressure itself is not a Force, even though we sometimes talk «informally» about the «force exerted by the pressure. The correct statement is that the Fluid exerts a force on a surface. In addition, Pressure is a scalar, not a vector.
  2. ^
    Giancoli, Douglas G. (2004). Physics: principles with applications. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0-13-060620-4.
  3. ^
    McNaught, A. D.; Wilkinson, A.; Nic, M.; Jirat, J.; Kosata, B.; Jenkins, A. (2014). IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the «Gold Book»). 2.3.3. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. doi:10.1351/goldbook.P04819. ISBN 978-0-9678550-9-7. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.
  4. ^ R Nave. «Pressure». Hyperphysics. Georgia State University, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  5. ^ Alberty, Robert A. (2001). «USE OF LEGENDRE TRANSFORMS IN CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS (IUPAC Technical Report)» (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. 73 (8): 1349–1380. doi:10.1351/pac200173081349. S2CID 98264934. Retrieved 1 November 2021. See Table 1 Conjugate pairs of variables … (p.1357)
  6. ^ «14th Conference of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures». Bipm.fr. Archived from the original on 2007-06-30. Retrieved 2012-03-27.
  7. ^ International Bureau of Weights and Measures (2006), The International System of Units (SI) (PDF) (8th ed.), p. 127, ISBN 92-822-2213-6, archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-06-04, retrieved 2021-12-16
  8. ^ a b «Rules and Style Conventions for Expressing Values of Quantities». NIST. 2 July 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-07-10. Retrieved 2009-07-07.
  9. ^ Lautrup, Benny (2005). Physics of continuous matter : exotic and everyday phenomena in the macroscopic world. Bristol: Institute of Physics. p. 50. ISBN 9780750307529.
  10. ^ Breithaupt, Jim (2015). Physics (Fourth ed.). Basingstoke. p. 106. ISBN 9781137443243.
  11. ^ Vishwakarma, Ram Gopal (2009). «Einstein’s gravity under pressure». Astrophysics and Space Science. 321 (2): 151–156. arXiv:0705.0825. Bibcode:2009Ap&SS.321..151V. doi:10.1007/s10509-009-0016-8. S2CID 218673952.
  12. ^ a b c d e Finnemore, John, E. and Joseph B. Franzini (2002). Fluid Mechanics: With Engineering Applications. New York: McGraw Hill, Inc. pp. 14–29. ISBN 978-0-07-243202-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ NCEES (2011). Fundamentals of Engineering: Supplied Reference Handbook. Clemson, South Carolina: NCEES. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-932613-59-9.
  14. ^ Imre, A. R. (2007). «How to generate and measure negative pressure in liquids?». Soft Matter under Exogenic Impacts. NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. Vol. 242. pp. 379–388. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5872-1_24. ISBN 978-1-4020-5871-4. ISSN 1568-2609.
  15. ^ a b Imre, A. R; Maris, H. J; Williams, P. R, eds. (2002). Liquids Under Negative Pressure (Nato Science Series II). Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-010-0498-5. ISBN 978-1-4020-0895-5.
  16. ^ Briggs, Lyman J. (1953). «The Limiting Negative Pressure of Mercury in Pyrex Glass». Journal of Applied Physics. 24 (4): 488–490. Bibcode:1953JAP….24..488B. doi:10.1063/1.1721307. ISSN 0021-8979.
  17. ^ Karen Wright (March 2003). «The Physics of Negative Pressure». Discover. Archived from the original on 8 January 2015. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  18. ^ P. Atkins, J. de Paula Elements of Physical Chemistry, 4th Ed, W. H. Freeman, 2006. ISBN 0-7167-7329-5.
  19. ^ Streeter, V. L., Fluid Mechanics, Example 3.5, McGraw–Hill Inc. (1966), New York.
  20. ^ a b c Hewitt 251 (2006)[full citation needed]

External links[edit]

  • Introduction to Fluid Statics and Dynamics on Project PHYSNET
  • Pressure being a scalar quantity
  • wikiUnits.org — Convert units of pressure

давление, напряжение, напор, нажим, воздействие, нажатие, сжатие

существительное

- давление, надавливание; сжатие

it needs a bit more pressure — надо нажать /надавить/ посильнее
I felt the slight pressure of his hand on my arm — я почувствовал, как он слегка сжал мне руку

- давление, воздействие; нажим

population pressure — давление избытка населения; экономическое перенаселение; демографическое давление
pressure of business /work/ — загруженность работой
pressures of modern life — напряжение /нагрузки/ современной жизни
to put pressure upon smb., to bring pressure to bear upon smb. — оказывать давление /нажим/ на кого-л.
under the pressure of world public opinion — под давлением мирового общественного мнения
he did it under pressure — он сделал это под давлением /по принуждению/

- чрезмерная эксплуатация или использование (природных ресурсов)
- затруднительные обстоятельства, трудное положение

financial pressure — финансовые затруднения
pressure for money — нехватка денежных средств

- гнёт

pressure of poverty — гнёт нищеты
pressure of taxation — налоговый пресс

- неотложность, безотлагательность
- спец. давление; сжатие

- метеор. атмосферное давление (тж. atmospheric pressure)

pressure sense — физиол. чувство давления
pressure gradient — физ. перепад давления
pressure contours — изобары на синоптической карте
pressure drag — ав. сопротивление давления

- тех. прессование, вдавливание
- редк. эл. напряжение
- редк. печатание
- отпечаток

opposite pressure — спорт. распор
to work at high pressure — работать быстро /энергично, изо всех сил, напряжённо/
to work at low pressure — работать вяло /с прохладцей/

Мои примеры

Словосочетания

the dial of a pressure gauge — круговая шкала манометра  
relieve the pressure and the stress — снять напряжение и стресс  
normal blood pressure — нормальное давление  
elevated / high blood pressure — повышенное, высокое кровяное давление  
low blood pressure — пониженное давление  
to take smb.’s blood pressure — измерять кровяное давление кому-л.  
loss of cabin pressure — разгерметизация кабины  
to decrease pressure — уменьшать, понижать давление  
disturbance of blood pressure — нарушение кровяного давления  
to equalize pressure — выравнивать давление  
to ease / relieve (the) pressure — ослабить давление  
to face pressure — встретить сопротивление  

Примеры с переводом

They work best under pressure.

Лучше всего они работают в условиях стресса.

He buckled under pressure.

На него надавили, и он сдался.

The pressure varies with the depth.

Давление меняется в зависимости от глубины.

The pressure of his fingers had relaxed.

К тому времени его хватка уже ослабла.

Simon doesn’t work well under pressure.

В условиях стресса Саймон работает плохо.

I’m under constant pressure at work.

На работе я нахожусь под постоянным давлением.

He has resisted public pressure wholesale.

Он всеми силами противостоял давлению общества.

ещё 23 примера свернуть

Примеры, ожидающие перевода

Once pressure was released, the vertebrae decompressed.

There is internal pressure on the government to democratize.

The media feels pressure to keep the morale of the country up in war time.

Для того чтобы добавить вариант перевода, кликните по иконке , напротив примера.

Возможные однокоренные слова

overpressure  — избыточное давление, чрезмерное давление
pressurize  — герметизировать, оказывать давление, оказывать нажим
underpressure  — разрежение, вакуумметрическое давление
impressure  — давление, след, впечатление, восприятие

Формы слова

verb
I/you/we/they: pressure
he/she/it: pressures
ing ф. (present participle): pressuring
2-я ф. (past tense): pressured
3-я ф. (past participle): pressured

noun
ед. ч.(singular): pressure
мн. ч.(plural): pressures

What do we mean by pressure?

The act of pressing. noun

The condition of being pressed. noun

The application of continuous force by one body on another that it is touching; compression. noun

Force applied uniformly over a surface, measured as force per unit area. noun

Atmospheric pressure. noun

A compelling or constraining influence, such as persuasion or negative attitudes, on the mind or will. noun

An influence acting as a source of distress or hardship. noun

Sustained, effective play that puts an opponent at a disadvantage. noun

The condition of being subjected to physical, mental, social, or economic distress. noun

A physical sensation produced by compression of a part of the body. noun

A mark made by application of force or weight; an impression. noun

To force or try to force, as by influence or persuasion. transitive verb

To pressurize. transitive verb

To pressure-cook. transitive verb

In electricity, a term sometimes used for voltage, electromotive force, or difference of potential. noun

In psychology, the specific quality of sensation furnished by the pressure-spots of the skin and by the organs of the articular sensitivity; pressure-sensation. noun

The intrinsic pressure K is , where σ is the density of the fluid and (ψ)z is the attraction of an infinite layer of a fluid of unit density, bounded by a plane, upon a unit mass at a distance z from the plane. noun

In a compressor, the pressure of the air or gas at the end of the stroke after it is compressed. noun

A pressing; a force applied to a surface.

A contrasting force or impulse of any kind

Distress.

Urgency

Impression; stamp; character impressed.

The amount of force that is applied over a given area divided by the size of this area.

When something or someone is the shit or «that person».
Louisiana slang Urban Dictionary

Problem, it would be said to someone before a fight, got beef Urban Dictionary

N. (heavy dance) music Urban Dictionary

Motion that is not going anywhere. Urban Dictionary

African-american vernacular to define hypertension, or high blood pressure. Urban Dictionary

The uncomfortable feeling you get when you haven’t gotten a blowjob in several years Urban Dictionary

That bomb ass weed. Weed that will make you suffocate. Urban Dictionary

A phrase used to express when you’d like for someone to do something, but you don’t want them to feel pressure to do it immediately or to feel burdened by it; rather, whenever they have the chance or if they can.
It is also used to express when you’re not intending to pressure someone or to soften a request you have for someone so that it doesn’t feel hard, harsh, or demanding.
It can also be used sarcastically, in an event when there really IS pressure to so something. Urban Dictionary

Typically used to say someone is good looking, because they out you under pressure with their flawless looks Urban Dictionary

A name for weed. a florida/south term. Urban Dictionary

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pressure force area.svg

Comparison of pressure (left) and tension (right)

Pressure means how much force something is pushing on something else with.
It is expressed as force acting per unit area:

P = F / A

(Pressure = Force divided by Area that force is acting on)

It can also be defined as thrust (compressive force acting perpendicularly to the surface of a body) acting per unit area.

Pressure is directly proportional to force and inversely proportional to area., so the same amount of force applied by a hand will produce less pressure than when applied by something smaller, like a finger.

It is important to understand the distinction between pressure and force. Body A may exert a much larger force on a surface than body B, but if that force is spread out over an area larger than that of body B, the pressure exerted will be less than that of body B. More force is not always equal to more pressure, and vice versa

Pressure is also related to density. If a solid or a fluid is more dense, it has a larger weight, and therefore exerts a larger force, over the same area.

The SI unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa) named after French physicist Blaise Pascal, who did much work on pressure. 1 pascal = a force of 1 newton per square meter. To measure much larger and much smaller pressures, sub-multiples of the unit, such as kilopascal and megapascal exist.

Atmospheric pressure is the pressure exerted by oxygen and other molecules (the atmosphere basically) on a body/point/area at sea level, and is equal to approximately 100000 Newtons or 100Kn. Atmospheric pressures is measured using instruments such as the barometer which uses the principles of pressure and vacuum to measure the atmospheric pressure.

Other websites[change | change source]

  • Pressure -Citizendium

Meaning pressure

What does pressure mean? Here you find 194 meanings of the word pressure. You can also add a definition of pressure yourself

1

1

 
0

Is defined as the force acting on a surface from another mass per unit area.

2

0

 
0

pressure

The force distributed over a surface, usually measured in pounds force per square inch, or lbf/ in.2, or psi, in US oilfield units.

3

0

 
0

pressure

Force per unit area. The SI unit of pressure is the pascal, defined as one newton per square meter. Other common pressure units are the atmosphere, the bar, and the Torr.

4

0

 
0

pressure

The exertion of force upon a surface by a fluid (e.g., the atmosphere) in contact with it.

5

0

 
0

pressure

«to pressurize,» 1886, American English, from pressure (n.). Meaning «to exert pressure on» (someone) is attested by 1922. Related: Pressured; pressuring.

6

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0

pressure

late 14c., «suffering, anguish; act or fact of pressing on the mind or heart,» from Old French presseure «oppression; torture; anguish; press» (for wine or cheeses), «instrume [..]

7

0

 
0

pressure

Pressure is the force exerted on a given area expressed in pounds per square inch (PSI) or its metric equivalent of kilo Pascals (kPa). Oil and natural gas transported within a pipeline exert pressure on the pipe wall.

8

0

 
0

pressure

force pressed on an object by another object or condition, such as gravity.

9

0

 
0

pressure

Pressure is defined as the Force exerted per unit area. The SI unit of pressure is the Pa Pascal or N/m2 Newton per square metre.

10

0

 
0

pressure

When used specifically with drip irrigation systems, pressure refers to how much force the water creates moving through the main line tubing. Pressure is measured in PSI and must be sufficient to move [..]

11

0

 
0

pressure

the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit); "the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure" coerce: to cause to do th [..]

12

0

 
0

pressure

A taste of anxiety that you feel when you have a three foot slippery

13

0

 
0

pressure

A force being exerted on part of a surface. When you stand, your feet put pressure on the ground. Air pressure refers to air molecules pressing against a surface, like the bottom of a wing.

14

0

 
0

pressure

Force per unit area, usually expressed in pounds per square inch.

15

0

 
0

pressure

The sum of atmospheric and gage pressures.

16

0

 
0

pressure

force or weight pushing against something

17

0

 
0

pressure

(symbol: p or sometimes P) The force per unit area applied to an object in a direction perpendicular to the surface. Atmospheric pressure is sometimes defined as the force per unit area exerted agains [..]

18

0

 
0

pressure

force + unit area. For purposes of this document, refers to PSIG (pounds per square inch gauge).

19

0

 
0

pressure

the pressure at which rupture occurs.

20

0

 
0

pressure

the pressure at which the convolutions of a metal hose become permanently deformed.

21

0

 
0

pressure

relative pressure between inside and outside of an assembly.

22

0

 
0

pressure

the maximum pressure at which a hose or hose assembly is designed to be used.

23

0

 
0

pressure

see Pressure, working.

24

0

 
0

pressure

a nondestructive pressure test applied to hose assemblies.

25

0

 
0

pressure

a rapid change in pressure above and below the normal base pressure, usually associated with reciprocating type pumps.

26

0

 
0

pressure

see Pressure, maximum allowable working.

27

0

 
0

pressure

see Working pressure.

28

0

 
0

pressure

the peak value of a sudden increase of pressure in a hydraulic or pneumatic system producing a shock wave.

29

0

 
0

pressure

the maximum pressure to which a hose will be subjected, including the momentary surges in pressure, which can occur during service. Abbreviated as WP.

30

0

 
0

pressure

Real or perceived serious demands imposed on one person by another individual or group.

31

0

 
0

pressure

drikung

32

0

 
0

pressure

druk

33

0

 
0

pressure

In a gun or cartridge, the force imparted to various components that is developed by the expanding gases generated by the deflagration of the propellant when fired.

34

0

 
0

pressure

The volume of a gas is affected by temperature and pressure. If the temperature increases the gas expands (i.e. its volume increases), and vice versa. If the temperature is kept constant, and the pressure is increased, the volume decreases proportionately.

35

0

 
0

pressure

The force applied to a unit area of surface often measured in pascals (SI unit) eg. “the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure”. Pressure = Force / Area

36

0

 
0

pressure

The force exerted by one body on another, measured as force over area e.g. newtons per square metre.

37

0

 
0

pressure

The force per unit area; p = F/A.

38

0

 
0

pressure

 – Force per unit area relative to atmospheric pressure.  Usually expressed in pounds per square inch.

39

0

 
0

pressure

The force or thrust exerted on a surface, normally expressed as force per unit area. Pressure is exerted in all directions in a system. Common examples are air pressure in a tire or water pressure at [..]

40

0

 
0

pressure

the force pushing on an area or surface Properties

41

0

 
0

pressure

The unit of measure used for PAP machines, measure in centimeters of water pressure (cm H20). Pressures range from 4 cms H2O to 20+ cms of H20.

42

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0

pressure

Pressure is the amount of force that is placed on the bag's seal area as the bag is being heated and sealed.  The three critical elements involved in creating a good bag seal are Pressure [..]

43

0

 
0

pressure

force exerted per unit area. 

44

0

 
0

pressure

Force per unit area.

45

0

 
0

pressure

Defined as force per unit area; for example, pounds per square inch (lb/in^2)

46

0

 
0

pressure

Force acting per unit area.

47

0

 
0

pressure

The load applied to an object per unit surface area.

48

0

 
0

pressure

force per unit area acting on a surface perpendicular to the surface

49

0

 
0

pressure

(physics) The amount of force that is applied over a given area divided by the size of this area.

50

0

 
0

pressure

(n) the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit)(n) a force that compels(n) the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure(n) the state of deman [..]

51

0

 
0

pressure

A force applied over an area (Lessons 6, 12)

52

0

 
0

pressure

the amount of force per unit area measured in units of atmospheres (atm)

53

0

 
0

pressure

The force exerted by the interaction of the atmosphere and gravity. Also known as atmospheric pressure.

54

0

 
0

pressure

is a funamental dynamical variable defined as a force/area. For a fluid at rest, the pressure is due to the weight of the water that equals to the mass multiplied by gravity. Pressure is then mass*gravity/area = density*volume*g/area = density*height*gravity. Thus the distribution of pressure in the ocean is determined by both the density of the se [..]

55

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pressure

the application of a steady force upon another object.

56

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0

pressure

TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP — The change effected in temperature when pressure is changed or vice versa. Only used at saturated conditions. An increase in pressure results in a temperature increase. A de [..]

57

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pressure

Pressure refers to the application of continuous force by one object on another that it is touching.

58

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0

pressure

TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP – The change affected in temperature when pressure is changed or vice versa. Only used at saturated conditions. An increase in pressure results in a temperature increase. A [..]

59

0

 
0

pressure

Force per unit area, usually expressed in pounds per square inch in the English system.

60

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pressure

The application of force to something by something else in direct contact with it.

61

0

 
0

pressure

A force based on a certain area, typically pounds per 1 square inch, or PSI. Pressure is not an indication of force generated, unless surface area is known.

62

0

 
0

pressure

Force per unit area. Usually expressed in pounds per square inch (psi), bar or kilopascal (kPa).

63

0

 
0

pressure

A non-destructive pressure test applied to hose assemblies.

64

0

 
0

pressure

The peak value of a sudden increase of pressure in a hydraulic or pneumatic system producing a shock wave.

65

0

 
0

pressure

refers to the force per unit area on the contacts.

66

0

 
0

pressure

force per unit of area.

67

0

 
0

pressure

A force applied over an area.

68

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0

pressure

That pressure at which vapour and liquid, or vapour and solid, can co-exist in stable equilibrium.

69

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0

pressure

Also, Working Pressure; the maximum pressure that specific units of equipment should experience in use. API specifies that the manufacturer clearly mark the Maximum Service Pressure (MSP) on each unit of equipment; the equipment pressure rating limited by the lowest pressure connector on the equipment, or the manufacturers design.  For Test Pres [..]

70

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pressure

The hydrostatic pressure applied to equipment to demonstrate the equipment’s capacity to hold pressure. A pressure test on existing equipment in the field should equal but not exceed Maximum Service Pressure. The Test Pressure and procedures for new manufactured equipment, or remanufactured equipment, shall comply with that specified by API. [..]

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pressure

Barometric pressure

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0

 
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pressure

The force per unit area exerted by the weight of the atmosphere above a point on or above the earth’s surface.

73

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0

pressure

Force per unit area.

74

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0

pressure

force exerted on a unit area. The SI unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa).

75

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pressure

In flowing air, the total pressure minus velocity pressure. The portion of the pressure that pushes equally in all directions. Preventative Maintenance

76

0

 
0

pressure

In flowing air, the pressure due to velocity and density of air.

77

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0

pressure

In flowing air, the total pressure minus velocity pressure, pushing equally in all directions.

78

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0

pressure

In flowing air, the sum of the static and velocity pressures.

79

0

 
0

pressure

In flowing air, the total pressure minus velocity pressure, pushing equally in all directions.

80

0

 
0

pressure

In flowing air, the sum of the static and velocity pressures.

81

0

 
0

pressure

In flowing air, the pressure due to velocity and density of air.

82

0

 
0

pressure

A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

83

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0

pressure

The force per unit area that the air exerts on any surface in contact with it. Primarily used for articles pertaining to air Pressure within a closed Environment.

84

0

 
0

pressure

Blood Pressure within Aorta

85

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0

pressure

Difference between systolic and diastolic Pressures within Aorta

86

0

 
0

pressure

The Blood Pressure in the Arteries. It is commonly measured with a Sphygmomanometer on the upper arm which represents the arterial Pressure in the Brachial Artery.

87

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0

pressure

The Pressure at any point in an Atmosphere due solely to the weight of the atmospheric Gases above the point concerned.

88

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0

pressure

Pressure of the Blood on the Arteries and other Blood Vessels.

89

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pressure

The Blood Pressure in the central large Veins of the body. It is distinguished from peripheral Venous Pressure which occurs in an extremity.

90

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pressure

Manometric Pressure of the CEREBROSPINAL FLUID as measured by lumbar, cerebroventricular, or cisternal Puncture. Within the cranial cavity it is called Intracranial Pressure.

91

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pressure

Increased Pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including Hydrocephalus; Brain Edema; intracranial masses; severe systemic Hypertension; Pseudotumor Cerebri; and [..]

92

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pressure

The Pressure due to the weight of fluid.

93

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0

pressure

The Pressure within the CARDIAC ATRIUM. It can be measured directly by using a Pressure Catheter (see Heart Catheterization). It can be also estimated using various imaging techniques or other Pressur [..]

94

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0

pressure

The Pressure of the fluids in the eye.

95

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0

pressure

The average Pressure during the aortic Pulse cycle.

96

0

 
0

pressure

The average Arterial Pressure during a single cardiac cycle. It can be estimated as diastolic Blood Pressure plus one third of the difference of diastolic and systolic Blood Pressures.

97

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0

pressure

The Pressure required to prevent the passage of solvent through a semipermeable Membrane that separates a pure solvent from a solution of the solvent and solute or that separates different concentrati [..]

98

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0

pressure

The Pressure that would be exerted by one component of a mixture of Gases if it were present alone in a container. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

99

0

 
0

pressure

The Venous Pressure measured in the Portal Vein.

100

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0

pressure

The Blood Pressure as recorded after wedging a Catheter in a small Pulmonary Artery; believed to reflect the Pressure in the pulmonary Capillaries.

101

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0

pressure

Difference between systolic and diastolic Pressures.

102

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0

pressure

Pressure within the cranial cavity. It is influenced by Brain mass, the circulatory system, CSF dynamics, and Skull rigidity.

103

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0

pressure

The contribution to barometric Pressure of gaseous substance in equilibrium with its solid or liquid phase.

104

0

 
0

pressure

The Blood Pressure in the Veins. It is usually measured to assess the filling Pressure to the Heart Ventricle.

105

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0

pressure

The Pressure within a Cardiac Ventricle. Ventricular Pressure waveforms can be measured in the beating Heart by Catheterization or estimated using imaging techniques (e.g., Doppler Echocardiography). [..]

106

0

 
0

pressure

The force exerted by the column of air above a point to the top of the atmosphere.

107

0

 
0

pressure

Force per unit area, measured in pounds per square inch (psi).

108

0

 
0

pressure

The total pressure measured from absolute zero (i.e. from an absolute vacuum).

109

0

 
0

pressure

See Critical Pressure.

110

0

 
0

pressure

The pressure at the discharge connection of a compressor. (In the case of compressor packages, this should be at the discharge connection of the package)

111

0

 
0

pressure

The absolute total pressure at the inlet connection of a compressor.

112

0

 
0

pressure

The pressure measured in a flowing stream in such a manner that the velocity of the stream has no effect on the measurement.

113

0

 
0

pressure

The pressure that would be produced by stopping a moving stream of liquid or gas. It is the pressure measured by an impact tube.

114

0

 
0

pressure

The total pressure minus the static pressure in an air or gas stream.

115

0

 
0

pressure

The force exerted by the weight of the atmosphere, also known as atmospheric pressure. When measured on a barometer, it is referred to as barometric pressure and it is expressed in inches of mercury, millibars, or kiloPascals.

116

0

 
0

pressure

In flowing air, Static Pressure is the total pressure minus velocity pressure. Static Pressure is the portion of the pressure that pushes equally in all directions.

117

0

 
0

pressure

In flowing air, Total Pressure is the sum of the static pressure and the velocity pressure.

118

0

 
0

pressure

In flowing air, Velocity Pressure is the pressure due to the velocity and density of the air.

119

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pressure

See atmospheric pressure.

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Barometric pressure

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Pressure involves using a sequence of attacks to keep an opponent on the defensive and often involves okizeme and mix up tactics. The purpose of pressure is to keep an enemy from effectively attacking back until they make a mistake, usually allowing for a damaging command move or combo to be performed.

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Pressure is to use sets of attacks that keep the opponent on the defensive. This often utilizes alot of mix-ups, a good ground game (okizeme). The whole purpose of applying pressure in a match is so that you put your opponent into a defensive state to the point that they become desperate and throw out a move that you can punish them for their mista [..]

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To advance a runner

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1. A tactic used to attempt to dispossess an opponent of the ball. Generally refers to the close proximity of the defender. 2. Used as an instruction to tell a player to apply pressure to an opponent who has possession of the ball.  

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(adjective for call or, more commonly, bid) made with options restricted by the opponents’ bidding

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An increase in the force exerted on something above standard atmospheric conditions, measured as gauge pressure (psig, bar g).

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The exertion of force upon a surface by a fluid (e.g., the atmosphere) in contact with it.

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The force exerted against an opposing body or the thrust distributed over a surface, expressed in weight per unit of area (Newton per square meter or Pa) Absolute — The pressure above zero pressure, t [..]

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The measure of force per unit area, conveyed in pounds per square inch.

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Therapy devices measure the force of air delivered to you in units of pressure (ie, centimeters of water, or cm H2O). For example, if your care provider prescribes a therapy pressure of 25 cm H2O, then that’s the force of air needed to keep your airway open to minimize or avoid apneas.

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Pounds-Per-Square-Inch: A rating of Air Pressure in the system.

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Intake pressure is the absolute total pressure at the inlet flange of a compressor.

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pressure

The potential pressure exerted in all directions by a fluid at rest. For a fluid in motion it is measured in a direction normal to the direction of flow, usually expressed in inches water gauge when d [..]

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The force exerted by the weight of the atmosphere and gravity. Different units: atmospheres (atm), millibars (mb), pascals (Pa), inches of mercury (in), pounds per square inch (PSI), etc. Meteorologists most often use mb.

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 To arrange your checkers so as to directly bear on an opponents blot often forcing them to move it on their next turn. It may be important to make an action play after your opponent has escaped t [..]

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Pressure is a force divided by the area that the force is transferred through. When the same force is transferred through a smaller area, the pressure will increase.

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Pressure is a similar idea to stress, the force intensity at a point, except that pressure means something acting on the surface of an object rather than within the material of the object. When discussing the pressure within a fluid, the meaning is equivalent to stress. back to topQ

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The direct environmental effect of a Driver (e.g., altered flow conditions, changing water chemistry,  organic pollution,  water abstraction).

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Pressure above that of a perfect vacuum; the sum of gauge pressure and atmospheric pressure.

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The pressure of the weight of air and water vapor on the earth’s surface. The average atmospheric pressure at sea level has been defined for scientific purposes as 14.696 pounds per square inch. The American Gas Association, the FERC and all other federal agencies have adopted 14.73 lbs. per square inch as the standard pressure base.

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A standard pressure to which measurements of a volume of natural gas are referred.

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presh-er, vol-yoom and tem-per-uh-cher uh-nal-uh-sis Examination of reservoir fluid in a laboratory under various pressures, volumes, and temperatures to determine the characteristics and behavior of the fluid.

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pressure

the force distributed over a surface, usually measured in pounds force per square inch, or psi, in US oilfield units.

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pressure

the sum of atmospheric and gage pressures.

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pressure

pressure exerted by the atmosphere at any specific location. (Sea level pressure is approximately 14.7 pounds per square inch absolute.)

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pressure

the pressure encountered on the return side of a system.

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pressure

the pressure at which a pressure operated valve begins to pass fluid.

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the qualified operating pressure which is recommended for a component or a system by the manufacturer.

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the pressure which overcomes the total resistances in a system. It includes all losses as well as useful work.

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The force that a fluid (liquid or gas) exerts uniformly in all directions within a vessel, pipe, hole in the ground, and so forth, such as that exerted against the inner wall of a tank or that exerted on the bottom of the well bore by a fluid. Pressure is expressed in terms of force exerted per unit of area, as pounds per square inch, or in kilopas [..]

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The force per unit area. In meteorology, pressure refers to the weight of air in a column directly above a point. The standard atmospheric pressure at mean sea level is 1013.25 hPa, though surface pressures of 870 hPa (Typhoon Tip, October 1979) and 1084 hPa (Agata, Siberia, December 1968) have been recorded.

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The barometric pressure is the force exerted by the weight of the atmosphere above.

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is expressed for compression stockings as mmHg (= mm mercury) or hPa (hectopascal). Pa = SI unit of pressure, 1 mmHg = 133322 Pa). The pressure that a stocking exerts on the leg can only be determined [..]

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The force exerted by the interaction of the atmosphere and gravity. Also known as atmospheric pressure.

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pressure

The force exerted by the interaction of the atmosphere and gravity. Also known as atmospheric pressure. Radar

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pressure

The force per unit area exerted by the weight of the atmosphere above a point on or above the earth’s surface.

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pressure

The force per unit area exerted by the weight of the atmosphere

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pressure

The force per unit area exerted by the weight of the atmosphere above a point on or above the earth’s surface. Also known as atmospheric pressure or barometric pressure.

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pressure

The exertion of force upon a surface by a fluid (e.g., the atmosphere) in contact with it.

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pressure

The force per unit area exerted by the weight of the atmosphere above a point on or above the earth’s surface.

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pressure

The normal force exerted by a homogeneous liquid or gas, per unit of area, on the wall of its container.

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Pressure referred to that of a perfect vacuum. It is the sum of gauge pressure and atmospheric pressure.

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It is the pressure indicated by a barometer. Standard atmosphere is the pressure equivalent

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Vapor pressure corresponding to the substance’s critical state at which the liquid and vapor have identical properties.

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Gauge: Pressure above atmospheric.

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The normal force per unit area that would be exerted by a moving fluid on an infinitesimally small body immersed in it if the body were carried along with the fluid.

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pressure

Pressure at which a system is operating.

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Portion of total gas pressure of a mixture attributable to one component.

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The saturation pressure for a pure substance for any given temperature is that pressure at which vapor and liquid, or vapor and solid, can coexist in stable equilibrium.

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pressure

The normal force per unit area that would be exerted by a moving fluid on a small body immersed in it if the body were carried along with the fluid. Practically, it is the normal force per unit are at [..]

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In the theory of the flow of fluids, the sum of the static pressure and the velocity pressure at the point of measurement. Also called dynamic pressure.

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pressure

The partial pressure exerted by the water vapor contained in air.

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HEAT DIAGRAM — Graph of refrigerant pressure, heat and temperature properties. (Mollier’s diagram.)

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VELOCITY COMPOUNDING —

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The force per unit area acting on a surface.

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Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.: 445  Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is th [..]

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Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.: 445  Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is th [..]

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«Pressure» is a song by American rock band Paramore, released on August 2, 2005 as their debut single from their debut studio album, All We Know Is Falling. It failed to chart the Billboard Hot 100, [..]

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«Pressure» is a 1982 song by American musician Billy Joel about the pressure of creating and the pressure of being a provider. The synthesizer-driven rock song was a single from the album The Nylon Cu [..]

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«Pressure» is the first single from Canadian rapper Belly’s debut album, The Revolution. The song features established R&B artist Ginuwine, and it received heavy rotation on MuchMusic.

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Pressure is an effect which occurs when a force is applied on a surface.
Pressure may also refer to:

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Pressure is a Reggae album by Maiko Zulu. The album was produced in 2003 with the hit song pressure.

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Babylon is the debut studio album by Welsh heavy metal band Skindred. The band was formed from members of the disbanded band Dub War, including leader Benji Webbe, and signed to RCA Records in 2002, w [..]

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Delyno Brown (born August 5, 1981), better known as Pressure or Pressure Busspipe, is a reggae musician from Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands.He gained his early experience working on the Star Lion s [..]

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«Pressure» is a song by Nadia Ali, Starkillers and Alex Kenji. It was released on February 15, 2011 by Spinnin’ Records. The song reached No. 16 on the Ultratip Chart in Wallonia, Belgium.

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Pressure is an effect which occurs when a force is applied on a surface.
Pressure may also refer to:

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Pressure is a play written by David Haig. It made its world premiere at the Royal Lyceum Theatre, Edinburgh in May 2014, a year later than originally planned, before transferring to the Chichester Fes [..]

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«Pressure» is the third track and third British single from the Kinks’ 1979 album, Low Budget. It was written by Ray Davies.

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«Pressure» is a song by American indie pop band Youngblood Hawke.

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«Pressure» is a 1991 dance single recorded by the British techno group Sunscreem, and written and produced by band members Paul Carnell and lead singer Lucia Holm from the act’s 1993 set *O3. «Pressur [..]

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Pressure is a 2015 British disaster survival film directed by Ron Scalpello. It tells the story of four men who get stuck at the bottom of the ocean in a diving bell.

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The pressure created by the continual renewal of fluids within the eye. The intraocular pressure is increased in glaucoma. In acute angle-closure glaucoma, the intraocular pressure rises because the canal into which the fluid in the front part of the eye normally drains is suddenly blocked. In chronic glaucoma, there is a gradual imbalance between [..]

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Any blood pressure that is below the normal expected for an individual in a given environment. Low blood pressure is also referred to as hypotension. Low blood pressure is a relative term because the blood pressure normally varies greatly with activity, age, medications, and underlying medical conditions. Low blood pressure can result from conditio [..]

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pressure

force per unit area, usually expressed in pounds per square inch.

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pressure — перевод на русский

/ˈprɛʃə/

How’s your blood pressure?

Как там ваше давление?

It just so happens that the attending doctor is here, let’s call him here to measure your blood pressure.

пусть измерит вам давление.

All this economic pressure that you are currently exerting, is for this?

То есть все экономическое давление на нас только из-за этого?

But he was sick for several months, and his blood pressure wasn’t good from the beginning, so he ended up passing away.

у него всегда было плохое давление. От него и умер.

Carrie, it isn’t 24 hours since you gave birth and your blood pressure isn’t quite settled.

Керри, всего лишь сутки прошли после родов. Ваше давление пока не совсем в порядке.

Показать ещё примеры для «давление»…

You’ll find that we won’t putany pressure on you in my outfit.

Но мы не будем на Вас тут давить.

If you think you can bring any pressure to bear upon me, inspector, you’re very much mistaken.

Вы глубоко ошибаетесь, инспектор, если считаете что можете давить на меня.

I know, and you all know, they’ll soon be under pressure to start again, to stop wasting public money.

Я знаю, и вы все это знаете. Скоро на них начнут давить, чтоб они возобновляли работы и прекратили тратить общественные деньги.

From the nature and the location of the break, I’d say the killer knew exactly where to apply pressure to snap the neck instantly.

Судя по характеру и месту перелома, убийца знал точно, где надо давить, чтобы сломать шею быстро.

The more pressure you put on us the more money you cost yourselves.

Чем сильнее вы будете на нас давить, тем дороже вам это обойдётся.

Показать ещё примеры для «давить»…

Sent you to pressure me into giving them government contracts.

Послали вас надавить на меня, чтобы я дал им правительственные контракты.

Are they trying to put pressure on me?

Они пытаются надавить на меня?

He advised me to put pressure on you.

Советовал надавить на тебя.

Her sister-in-law thought she had enough doubts to pressure her.

Свояченица решила, что она сомневается и на неё можно надавить.

I know he’s foul, and I’m going to this awards show to put some pressure on him.

Я буду на этой церемонии, чтобы на него надавить.

Показать ещё примеры для «надавить»…

I must say having James away does pile on the pressure.

Должен сказать, отсутствие Джеймса нагнетает напряжение.

So I was getting high blood pressure.

Поэтому у меня стало расти напряжение.

It takes the pressure off everybody feeling they have to talk so much.

Она снимит напряжение от всех, кто любит много говорить.

Yeah, a lot of pressure.

Очень большое напряжение.

You can help take the pressure off.

Поможешь снять напряжение.

Показать ещё примеры для «напряжение»…

The spaceship is now passing through the point of maximum dynamic pressure.

Космический корабль проходит точку максимальной нагрузки.

Pressure.

Помнишь? Нагрузки.

They just knew that the bullshit silicon in Erikas tits was not designed to sustain pressure fluctuations

Они узнали, что этот дерьмовый силикон в сиськах Эрики не способен был выдерживать серьёзные атмосферные нагрузки.

You are under pressure.

У тебя огромные нагрузки.

— I can’t take this pressure anymore.

— Не выдерживаю нагрузки.

Показать ещё примеры для «нагрузки»…

If there is the pressure of work then why doesn’t she inform us when she’s leaving the office?

Если стресс, почему она нам не сказала, когда с работы уходила?

There’s a lot of pressure there.

Это очень большой стресс.

I’ve been under pressure.

У меня был такой стресс!

I think I was under much more emotional pressure than I ever realized.

Вероятно, я пережила больший стресс, чем я думала.

Russian vodka poisoned by Chernobyl. I’ve been under a lot of pressure lately…

И ещё от стресса и всяких (неприятностей)…

Показать ещё примеры для «стресс»…

Telephone works, bathroom in tip-top shape: no drips, plenty of hot water and good steady pressure that could be a side-benefit of the waterfall outside.

Tелефон работает, ванная великолепна: краны не текут, сколько угодно горячей воды, напор сильный и стабильный— вероятно,из-за того, что прямо за окном-водопад.

The pressure. (SIGHS)

Ну и напор!

I want more pressure.

Я хочу напор сильнее.

I heard the water pressure sucks in rooms 10, 12, and 15.

Я слышал, что в комнатах 10, 12 и 15 отстойный напор воды.

Not the best water pressure, but it works.

Напор воды не самый лучший, — но работает.

Показать ещё примеры для «напор»…

— Hey, no pressure.

— Эй, я не настаиваю.

No pressure. I understand.

Я не настаиваю, понимаю вас.

— Well, there’s no pressure.

Я не настаиваю, но

Now, no pressure.

Но я не настаиваю.

as long as it takes. no pressure.

Сколько угодно. Я не настаиваю.

Показать ещё примеры для «настаиваю»…

Is his blood pressure high?

А у него высокое давление?

is your blood pressure usually high?

Высокое давление бывает часто?

Ask yourself why I got high blood pressure on the day of the medical.

Спроси себя, почему у меня было высокое давление в день медосмотра.

And Jordan’s blood pressure is very high so shouting isn’t going to help.

У Джордан очень высокое давление, криком вы ей не поможете.

And Jordan’s blood pressure is very high, so shouting isn’t gonna help.

У Джордан очень высокое давление, криком вы ей не поможете.

Показать ещё примеры для «высокое давление»…

I mean, I got all these pressures and you know about it.

Как мне было тяжело. Знаешь ведь.

Pressure must be incredible.

И тебе тяжело.

He’s gotta be feeling the pressure.

Ему сейчас тяжело, конечно.

It was just between homework and sats… and just general pressure of life.

Ну, мы готовились к экзаменам… Это было тяжело, и жизненные проблемы всякие…

It’s a lot of pressure being the only good-looking one in the room.

Ведь это так тяжело быть единственным хорошо выглядящим человеком в комнате.

Показать ещё примеры для «тяжело»…

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Princeton’s WordNetRate this definition:4.3 / 10 votes

  1. pressure, pressure level, force per unit areanoun

    the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit)

    «the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure»

  2. pressurenoun

    a force that compels

    «the public brought pressure to bear on the government»

  3. press, pressure, pressingnoun

    the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure

    «he gave the button a press»; «he used pressure to stop the bleeding»; «at the pressing of a button»

  4. imperativeness, insistence, insistency, press, pressurenoun

    the state of demanding notice or attention

    «the insistence of their hunger»; «the press of business matters»

  5. pressure, pressure sensationnoun

    the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin

    «the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal»

  6. pressurenoun

    an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress

  7. atmospheric pressure, air pressure, pressureverb

    the pressure exerted by the atmosphere

  8. coerce, hale, squeeze, pressure, forceverb

    to cause to do through pressure or necessity, by physical, moral or intellectual means :»She forced him to take a job in the city»

    «He squeezed her for information»

  9. blackmail, blackjack, pressureverb

    exert pressure on someone through threats

WiktionaryRate this definition:2.0 / 1 vote

  1. pressurenoun

    The amount of force that is applied over a given area divided by the size of this area.

    Units

  2. pressurenoun

    A pressing; a force applied to a surface.

    Apply pressure to the wound to stop the bleeding.

  3. pressurenoun

    Mental strain caused by one’s own or others’ expectations on one’s own performance

  4. pressureverb

    To encourage or heavily exert force or influence.

    Do not let anyone pressure you into buying something you do not want.

Samuel Johnson’s DictionaryRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

  1. Pressurenoun

    Etymology: from press.

    1. The act of pressing or crushing.2. The state of being pressed or crushed.3. Force acting against any thing; gravitation; pression.

    The inequality of the pressure of parts appeareth in this; that if you take a body of stone, and another of wood of the same magnitude and shape, and throw them with equal force, you cannot throw the wood so far as the stone.
    Francis Bacon.

    Although the glasses were a little convex, yet this transparent spot was of a considerable breadth, which breadth seemed principally to proceed from the yielding inwards of the parts of the glasses, by reason of their mutual pressure.
    Newton.

    The blood flows through the vessels by the excess of the force of the heart above the incumbent pressure, which in fat people is excessive.
    Arbuthnot.

    4. Violence inflicted; oppression.

    A wise father ingenuously confessed, that those, which persuaded pressure of consciences, were commonly interested therein.
    Francis Bacon, Essays.

    5. Affliction; grievance; distress.

    Mine own and my people’s pressures are grievous, and peace would be very pleasing.
    Charles I .

    The genuine price of lands in England would be twenty years purchase, were it not for accidental pressures under which it labours.
    Josiah Child, Discourse of Trade.

    To this consideration he retreats, in the midst of all his pressures, with comfort; in this thought, notwithstanding the sad afflictions with which he was overwhelmed, he mightily exults.
    Francis Atterbury, Sermons.

    Excellent was the advice of Elephas to Job, in the midst of his great troubles and pressures, acquaint thyself now with God, and be at peace.
    Francis Atterbury.

    6. Impression; stamp; character made by impression.

    From my memory
    I’ll wipe away all trivial fond records,
    All saws of books, all forms, all pressures past,
    That youth and observation copy’d there.
    William Shakespeare.

WikipediaRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

  1. Pressure

    Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.: 445  Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.
    Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and U.S. customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.

Webster DictionaryRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

  1. Pressurenoun

    the act of pressing, or the condition of being pressed; compression; a squeezing; a crushing; as, a pressure of the hand

  2. Pressurenoun

    a contrasting force or impulse of any kind; as, the pressure of poverty; the pressure of taxes; the pressure of motives on the mind; the pressure of civilization

  3. Pressurenoun

    affliction; distress; grievance

  4. Pressurenoun

    urgency; as, the pressure of business

  5. Pressurenoun

    impression; stamp; character impressed

  6. Pressurenoun

    the action of a force against some obstacle or opposing force; a force in the nature of a thrust, distributed over a surface, often estimated with reference to the upon a unit’s area

  7. Etymology: [OF., fr. L. pressura, fr. premere. See 4th Press.]

FreebaseRate this definition:5.0 / 1 vote

  1. Pressure

    Pressure is the ratio of force to the area over which that force is distributed.
    Pressure is force per unit area applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of an object. Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to the local atmospheric or ambient pressure. Pressure is measured in any unit of force divided by any unit of area. The SI unit of pressure is which is called the pascal after the seventeenth-century philosopher and scientist Blaise Pascal. A pressure of 1 Pa is small; it approximately equals the pressure exerted by a dollar bill resting flat on a table. Everyday pressures are often stated in kilopascals.

Chambers 20th Century DictionaryRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

  1. Pressure

    presh′ūr, n. act of pressing or squeezing: the state of being pressed: impulse: constraining force or influence: that which presses or afflicts: difficulties: urgency: strong demand: (physics) the action of force on something resisting it.—Centre of pressure (see Centre). [O. Fr.,—L. pressurapremĕre, to press.]

U.S. National Library of MedicineRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

  1. Pressure

    A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The Standard Electrical DictionaryRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

  1. Pressure

    Force or stress exerted directly against any surface. Its dimensions are force/area or ((M*L)/(T^2)) / (L^2) = M/(L* (T^2)).

Matched Categories

    • Distress
    • Force
    • Push
    • Somatic Sensation

British National Corpus

  1. Spoken Corpus Frequency

    Rank popularity for the word ‘pressure’ in Spoken Corpus Frequency: #828

  2. Written Corpus Frequency

    Rank popularity for the word ‘pressure’ in Written Corpus Frequency: #1037

  3. Nouns Frequency

    Rank popularity for the word ‘pressure’ in Nouns Frequency: #280

How to pronounce pressure?

How to say pressure in sign language?

Numerology

  1. Chaldean Numerology

    The numerical value of pressure in Chaldean Numerology is: 7

  2. Pythagorean Numerology

    The numerical value of pressure in Pythagorean Numerology is: 4

Examples of pressure in a Sentence

  1. Josh Holmes:

    Republicans have these little cylinders, when the water pressure is low, Josh Holmes can’t tell much difference between Republican online fundraising and Democratic online fundraising. But when the water pressure is really high, like it was in 2018, there’s a huge difference.

  2. Shephal Doshi:

    Dehydration can cause changes in your body’s electrolytes and also lowers blood pressure, this puts stress on the body and, as a result, could cause an abnormal heartbeat.

  3. Ken Hasegawa:

    Following the long and steep decline in oil prices, we have seen some buying interest in recent days, but there is still a lot of selling pressure.

  4. Hans Boeckler Foundation:

    In this case, it is not the customers, who evaluate a product, but the employees themselves who evaluate each other, this increases the perception of a competitive situation among employees, which in turn creates pressure to perform, self-discipline and stress.

  5. Chris Hansen:

    What you saw today was a prototype of the pressure garment. The life support system is back in a lab in Houston, we want systems that allow our astronauts to be scientists on the surface of the moon.

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The pressure, the heat, the almost impossibly fast pace at which you need work — this is the reality of working in the culinary industry. This is what professional chefs do night after night.

Joe Bastianich

section

ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD PRESSURE

From Late Latin pressūra a pressing, from Latin premere to press.

info

Etymology is the study of the origin of words and their changes in structure and significance.

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PRONUNCIATION OF PRESSURE

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GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF PRESSURE

Pressure is a verb and can also act as a noun.

A noun is a type of word the meaning of which determines reality. Nouns provide the names for all things: people, objects, sensations, feelings, etc.

The verb is the part of the sentence that is conjugated and expresses action and state of being.

See the conjugation of the verb pressure in English.

WHAT DOES PRESSURE MEAN IN ENGLISH?

pressure

Pressure

Pressure is the ratio of force to the area over which that force is distributed. Pressure is force per unit area applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of an object. Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to the local atmospheric or ambient pressure. Pressure is measured in any unit of force divided by any unit of area. The SI unit of pressure is the newton per square metre, which is called the pascal after the seventeenth-century philosopher and scientist Blaise Pascal. A pressure of 1 Pa is small; it approximately equals the pressure exerted by a dollar bill resting flat on a table. Everyday pressures are often stated in kilopascals.


Definition of pressure in the English dictionary

The first definition of pressure in the dictionary is the state of pressing or being pressed. Other definition of pressure is the exertion of force by one body on the surface of another. Pressure is also a moral force that compels.

CONJUGATION OF THE VERB TO PRESSURE

PRESENT

Present

I pressure

you pressure

he/she/it pressures

we pressure

you pressure

they pressure

Present continuous

I am pressuring

you are pressuring

he/she/it is pressuring

we are pressuring

you are pressuring

they are pressuring

Present perfect

I have pressured

you have pressured

he/she/it has pressured

we have pressured

you have pressured

they have pressured

Present perfect continuous

I have been pressuring

you have been pressuring

he/she/it has been pressuring

we have been pressuring

you have been pressuring

they have been pressuring

Present tense is used to refer to circumstances that exist at the present time or over a period that includes the present time. The present perfect refers to past events, although it can be considered to denote primarily the resulting present situation rather than the events themselves.

PAST

Past

I pressured

you pressured

he/she/it pressured

we pressured

you pressured

they pressured

Past continuous

I was pressuring

you were pressuring

he/she/it was pressuring

we were pressuring

you were pressuring

they were pressuring

Past perfect

I had pressured

you had pressured

he/she/it had pressured

we had pressured

you had pressured

they had pressured

Past perfect continuous

I had been pressuring

you had been pressuring

he/she/it had been pressuring

we had been pressuring

you had been pressuring

they had been pressuring

Past tense forms express circumstances existing at some time in the past,

FUTURE

Future

I will pressure

you will pressure

he/she/it will pressure

we will pressure

you will pressure

they will pressure

Future continuous

I will be pressuring

you will be pressuring

he/she/it will be pressuring

we will be pressuring

you will be pressuring

they will be pressuring

Future perfect

I will have pressured

you will have pressured

he/she/it will have pressured

we will have pressured

you will have pressured

they will have pressured

Future perfect continuous

I will have been pressuring

you will have been pressuring

he/she/it will have been pressuring

we will have been pressuring

you will have been pressuring

they will have been pressuring

The future is used to express circumstances that will occur at a later time.

CONDITIONAL

Conditional

I would pressure

you would pressure

he/she/it would pressure

we would pressure

you would pressure

they would pressure

Conditional continuous

I would be pressuring

you would be pressuring

he/she/it would be pressuring

we would be pressuring

you would be pressuring

they would be pressuring

Conditional perfect

I would have pressure

you would have pressure

he/she/it would have pressure

we would have pressure

you would have pressure

they would have pressure

Conditional perfect continuous

I would have been pressuring

you would have been pressuring

he/she/it would have been pressuring

we would have been pressuring

you would have been pressuring

they would have been pressuring

Conditional or «future-in-the-past» tense refers to hypothetical or possible actions.

IMPERATIVE

Imperative

you pressure
we let´s pressure
you pressure

The imperative is used to form commands or requests.

NONFINITE VERB FORMS

Past participle

pressured

Present Participle

pressuring

Infinitive shows the action beyond temporal perspective. The present participle or gerund shows the action during the session. The past participle shows the action after completion.

WORDS THAT RHYME WITH PRESSURE

Synonyms and antonyms of pressure in the English dictionary of synonyms

SYNONYMS OF «PRESSURE»

The following words have a similar or identical meaning as «pressure» and belong to the same grammatical category.

Translation of «pressure» into 25 languages

online translator

TRANSLATION OF PRESSURE

Find out the translation of pressure to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.

The translations of pressure from English to other languages presented in this section have been obtained through automatic statistical translation; where the essential translation unit is the word «pressure» in English.

Translator English — Chinese


压力

1,325 millions of speakers

Translator English — Spanish


presión

570 millions of speakers

English


pressure

510 millions of speakers

Translator English — Hindi


दबाव

380 millions of speakers

Translator English — Arabic


ضَغْط

280 millions of speakers

Translator English — Russian


давление

278 millions of speakers

Translator English — Portuguese


pressão

270 millions of speakers

Translator English — Bengali


চাপ

260 millions of speakers

Translator English — French


pression

220 millions of speakers

Translator English — Malay


Tekanan

190 millions of speakers

Translator English — German


Druck

180 millions of speakers

Translator English — Japanese


圧力

130 millions of speakers

Translator English — Korean


압력

85 millions of speakers

Translator English — Javanese


Tekanan

85 millions of speakers

Translator English — Vietnamese


áp suất

80 millions of speakers

Translator English — Tamil


அழுத்தம்

75 millions of speakers

Translator English — Marathi


दबाव

75 millions of speakers

Translator English — Turkish


basınç

70 millions of speakers

Translator English — Italian


pressione

65 millions of speakers

Translator English — Polish


ciśnienie

50 millions of speakers

Translator English — Ukrainian


тиск

40 millions of speakers

Translator English — Romanian


presiune

30 millions of speakers

Translator English — Greek


πίεση

15 millions of speakers

Translator English — Afrikaans


druk

14 millions of speakers

Translator English — Swedish


tryck

10 millions of speakers

Translator English — Norwegian


trykk

5 millions of speakers

Trends of use of pressure

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «PRESSURE»

The term «pressure» is very widely used and occupies the 3.154 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.

Trends

FREQUENCY

Very widely used

The map shown above gives the frequency of use of the term «pressure» in the different countries.

Principal search tendencies and common uses of pressure

List of principal searches undertaken by users to access our English online dictionary and most widely used expressions with the word «pressure».

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «PRESSURE» OVER TIME

The graph expresses the annual evolution of the frequency of use of the word «pressure» during the past 500 years. Its implementation is based on analysing how often the term «pressure» appears in digitalised printed sources in English between the year 1500 and the present day.

Examples of use in the English literature, quotes and news about pressure

10 QUOTES WITH «PRESSURE»

Famous quotes and sentences with the word pressure.

I’m pretty demanding with myself and my work, and I always put a lot of pressure on myself. I try to do the best job I can every time.

The pressure, the heat, the almost impossibly fast pace at which you need work — this is the reality of working in the culinary industry. This is what professional chefs do night after night.

There’s a hysterical, tired sense of humor that comes after working 14 hours a day, six days a week. I like those things because they take the pressure off the constant stress.

I’m no health care expert, but you’ve got technology that constantly advances the ability to extend life and maybe improve lifestyle. That puts constant upward pressure on health care costs.

Telling the entire world and his dog how good a manager I was. I knew I was the best but I should have said nowt and kept the pressure off ‘cos they’d have worked it out for themselves.

All pressure is self-inflicted. It’s what you make of it or how you let it rub off on you.

I was born with this. It’s a hereditary genetic condition. This is something you can go your whole life without really knowing that something’s wrong. I had high blood pressure, and that was the first sign.

The pressure to be pretty? I set, you know, boundaries and goals for myself. I try not to compare myself to anyone else because I will never be anyone else except myself. So I try and stay true to me, and hopefully the right projects will come my way.

I couldn’t imagine being from a country where all the pressure is on a particular player.

Not just in modeling, but in society, there’s so much pressure about what a woman should be, and, of course, it’s just so unobtainable. You can never become that thing, because it’s such a projection.

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «PRESSURE»

Discover the use of pressure in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to pressure and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.

1

Under Pressure: Putting the Child Back in Childhood

From the Hardcover edition.

2

Pressure Vessel Design Manual

This book is an accumulation of design procedures, methods, techniques, formulations, and data for use in the design of pressure vessels, their respective parts and equipment.

3

The High Blood Pressure Solution: A Scientifically Proven …

Dr. Moore updates this edition of The High Blood Pressure Solution with a new preface reporting on the latest scientific research in support of his program.

Richard D. Moore, M.D., Ph.D., 2001

Now with a brand new introduction by Jacqueline Wilson! ‘Jacqueline Wilson pulls off the rare feat of dramatising a serious issue with a light touch’ Daily Telegraph FOR TEENAGE READERS

5

Under Pressure: Cooking Sous Vide

«Under Pressure,» writes Harold McGee in his introduction to this, the first book written in English on cooking sous vide, introduces cooks to one of the most important culinary innovations of modern times.

6

High Blood Pressure for Dummies

This updated guide explains all the latest breakthroughs in the detection, treatment, and prevention of high blood pressure, helping you determine whether you’re at risk and develop a diet and exercise program to keep your blood pressure at …

7

Pressure Ulcers in Adults: Prediction & Prevention

Makes specific recommendations to identify at-risk adults, lists factors placing them at risk, and gives tips on the treatment of Stage I pressure ulcers.

8

Peer Pressure: Deal with it Without Losing Your Cool

Explores strategies to deal with peer pressure as the insider, who puts pressure on others; the outsider, who gives into pressure in order to fit in; or the witness, who stands by as others are being taunted.

9

Fundamentals of Temperature, Pressure and Flow Measurements

This self-contained guide to the measurement of temperature, pressure, and flow rate presents the latest standards and industrial practices.

10

Industrial Pressure, Level, and Density Measurement

Chapter exercises and answers are also included to reinforce the material presented, making this book an excellent learning/teaching resource.

10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «PRESSURE»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term pressure is used in the context of the following news items.

Bronwyn Bishop under pressure to explain travel claim to Mirabella …

Bronwyn Bishop is under pressure to fully explain what «official business» she was undertaking when she charged taxpayers for attending … «Sydney Morning Herald, Jul 15»

Motherlode | Parents Know Pressure and Hovering Don’t Help …

When Julie Scelfo set out to report Campus Suicide and the Pressure of Perfection, she expected to learn that today’s college students faced … «New York Times, Jul 15»

Christians under pressure: from bigotry at school to imprisonment …

Faith leaders warn of a rise in persecution around the world. Here we focus on four countries where Christian believers face official … «The Guardian, Jul 15»

Campus Suicide and the Pressure of Perfection

Kathryn DeWitt conquered high school like a gold-medal decathlete. She ran track, represented her school at a statewide girls’ leadership … «New York Times, Jul 15»

Sports-Medicine Staffs Report Pressure to Clear Concussed …

More than half of the 900 respondents to a 2013 survey of NCAA athletic trainers and team physicians said they had felt pressure to return … «Chronicle of Higher Education, Jul 15»

Pressure sensor can decrease need for hospitalization in heart …

William Lambert, 63, lies down as his pulmonary artery pressure is measured with the CardioMEMS heart failure system at his home in … «Wilkes Barre Times-Leader, Jul 15»

South Sudan should face extra pressure if it misses August peace …

ADDIS ABABA (Reuters) — South Sudan’s warring factions may face further international pressure if they do not reach a peace deal by Aug. «Yahoo News, Jul 15»

13 secrets for performing better under pressure

Let’s get this out of the way right now: Nobody performs well under pressure. A lot of us think we do, but we don’t, or, at least, we don’t perform … «Business Insider, Jul 15»

Bank pressure starts on farmers

Lewis said he was unaware of mortgagee sales in Waikato from bank pressure, but there had been a few instances of asset sales, including … «Stuff.co.nz, Jul 15»

Jose Mourinho piles pressure on referees ahead of Chelsea’s …

Yet just as he and his men are under pressure to defend the title, the Special One is ready call it on again with the country’s elite officials if they … «Mirror.co.uk, Jul 15»

REFERENCE

« EDUCALINGO. Pressure [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/pressure>. Apr 2023 ».

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Discover all that is hidden in the words on educalingo

Other forms: pressures; pressured; pressuring

You feel pressure when something presses on you –- whether a physical force or a stressful situation. If you don’t crack under the pressure of witnessing the accident, you will calmly apply pressure on the driver’s wound until help arrives.

The pressure of a looming deadline might cause you to finally get to work on an assignment. Pressure can also be a verb, like when your friend pressures you to go rock climbing despite your fear of heights. The rocks you would rather not climb were formed long ago by extreme heat and pressure. While climbing, your friend’s blood pressure may rise right along with yours when she sees how clumsy you are.

Definitions of pressure

  1. noun

    the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure

    “he used
    pressure to stop the bleeding”

    synonyms:

    press, pressing

  2. noun

    the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit)

    “the compressed gas exerts an increased
    pressure

    synonyms:

    force per unit area, pressure level

    see moresee less

    types:

    show 19 types…
    hide 19 types…
    blood pressure

    the pressure of the circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels; results from the systole of the left ventricle of the heart; sometimes measured for a quick evaluation of a person’s health

    gas pressure

    the pressure exerted by a gas

    head

    the pressure exerted by a fluid

    hydrostatic head

    the pressure at a given point in a liquid measured in terms of the vertical height of a column of the liquid needed to produce the same pressure

    IOP, intraocular pressure

    pressure exerted by the fluids inside the eyeball; regulated by resistance to the outward flow of aqueous humor

    oil pressure

    pressure that keeps oil on the moving parts of an internal-combustion engine

    osmotic pressure

    (physical chemistry) the pressure exerted by a solution necessary to prevent osmosis into that solution when it is separated from the pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane

    corpuscular-radiation pressure, radiation pressure

    the minute pressure exerted on a surface normal to the direction of propagation of a wave

    instantaneous sound pressure, sound pressure

    the difference between the instantaneous pressure at a point in a sound field and the average pressure at that point

    suction

    a force over an area produced by a pressure difference

    vapor pressure, vapour pressure

    the pressure exerted by a vapor; often understood to mean saturated vapor pressure (the vapor pressure of a vapor in contact with its liquid form)

    acoustic radiation pressure

    (acoustics) the pressure exerted on a surface normal to the direction of propagation of a sound wave

    air pressure, atmospheric pressure

    the pressure exerted by the atmosphere

    systolic pressure

    the blood pressure (as measured by a sphygmomanometer) during the contraction of the left ventricle of the heart

    diastolic pressure

    the blood pressure (as measured by a sphygmomanometer) after the contraction of the heart while the chambers of the heart refill with blood

    arterial pressure

    the pressure of the circulating blood on the arteries

    venous pressure

    the pressure exerted on the walls of the veins by the circulating blood

    hypertonicity

    (of a solution) the extent to which a solution has a higher osmotic pressure than some other

    hypotonicity

    (of a solution) the extent to which a solution has a lower osmotic pressure than some other

    type of:

    physical phenomenon

    a natural phenomenon involving the physical properties of matter and energy

  3. noun

    the pressure exerted by the atmosphere

  4. noun

    the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin

    “the sensitivity of his skin to
    pressure and temperature was normal”

    synonyms:

    pressure sensation

  5. verb

    cause to do through pressure or necessity, by physical, moral or intellectual means :»She forced him to take a job in the city»

    synonyms:

    coerce, force, hale, squeeze

    see moresee less

    types:

    show 8 types…
    hide 8 types…
    turn up the heat, turn up the pressure

    apply great or increased pressure

    drive

    compel or force or urge relentlessly or exert coercive pressure on, or motivate strongly

    bludgeon

    overcome or coerce as if by using a heavy club

    steamroll, steamroller

    bring to a specified state by overwhelming force or pressure

    squeeze for

    squeeze someone for money, information, etc.

    dragoon, railroad, sandbag

    compel by coercion, threats, or crude means

    terrorise, terrorize

    coerce by violence or with threats

    bring oneself

    cause to undertake a certain action, usually used in the negative

    type of:

    compel, obligate, oblige

    force somebody to do something

  6. noun

    a force that compels

    “the public brought
    pressure to bear on the government”

  7. noun

    an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress

  8. noun

    the state of demanding notice or attention

  9. verb

    exert pressure on someone through threats

DISCLAIMER: These example sentences appear in various news sources and books to reflect the usage of the word ‘pressure’.
Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Vocabulary.com or its editors.
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Table of Contents

  1. What is pressure mean?
  2. What is the opposite of pressure?
  3. Is pressure a synonym for force?
  4. What is another name for pressure?
  5. What is the scientific word for pressure?
  6. What’s another word for applying pressure?
  7. What is another word for high pressure?
  8. Does high pressure mean hot weather?
  9. What is a high pressure situation?
  10. What is meant by high pressure?
  11. What causes a high pressure system?
  12. Where is high pressure located?
  13. Is high pressure one word?
  14. Is Rain high or low pressure?
  15. What is a synonym for mixture?
  16. What is Moon culmination?
  17. What does lower culmination mean?
  18. What is meant by Meridian?
  19. What is Meridian very short answer?

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure. Various units are used to express pressure.

What is the opposite of pressure?

What is the opposite of pressure?

release mitigation
relaxation alleviation
easing slackening
loosening reduction
abatement lessening

Is pressure a synonym for force?

In this page you can discover 83 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for pressure, like: force, tension, pressure sensation, stress, thrust, persuasion, requirement, squeeze, misfortune, repression and unnaturalness.

What is another name for pressure?

What is another word for pressure?

force load
gravity heaviness
encumbrance shear
squeeze strength
physical force

What is the scientific word for pressure?

Pressure, in the physical sciences, the perpendicular force per unit area, or the stress at a point within a confined fluid. In SI units, pressure is measured in pascals; one pascal equals one newton per square metre. Atmospheric pressure is close to 100,000 pascals.

What’s another word for applying pressure?

What is another word for apply pressure?

lobby influence
press pressure
push urge
campaign solicit
sway appeal

What is another word for high pressure?

What is another word for high-pressure?

aggressive compelling
bludgeoning high-powered
insistent intensive
persistent persuasive
coercive importunate

Does high pressure mean hot weather?

For example, in summer, high pressure tends to bring fine, warm weather. However, in winter a high pressure system will be associated with cold and dry days and frost.

What is a high pressure situation?

High-pressure situations tend to make everything seem worse. Instead of looking at that upcoming deadline as another task to complete, you see it as a make-or-break situation that could end your career.

What is meant by high pressure?

1a : having or involving a high or comparatively high pressure especially greatly exceeding that of the atmosphere. b : having a high barometric pressure. 2a : using or involving aggressive and insistent sales techniques. b : imposing or involving severe strain or tension high-pressure occupations. high-pressure.

What causes a high pressure system?

The Earth’s atmosphere exerts pressure on the surface. Areas of high and low pressure are caused by ascending and descending air. As air warms it ascends, leading to low pressure at the surface. As air cools it descends, leading to high pressure at the surface.

Where is high pressure located?

A high pressure system has higher pressure at its center than the areas around it. Winds blow away from high pressure. Swirling in the opposite direction from a low pressure system, the winds of a high pressure system rotate clockwise north of the equator and counterclockwise south of the equator.

Is high pressure one word?

‘… high-pressure system…’ – high and pressure are an adjectival phrase qualifying system. Therefore, hyphenate these words, i.e. ‘high-pressure system’. Therefore, hyphenate these words, i.e. ‘below-ground pipeline’.

Is Rain high or low pressure?

Generally high pressure means fair weather, and low pressure means rain.

What is a synonym for mixture?

admixture

  • amalgamation.
  • blend.
  • combination.
  • commixture.
  • compound.
  • fusion.
  • mingling.
  • mixture.

What is Moon culmination?

In observational astronomy, culmination is the instant of time of the transit of a celestial object (the Sun, the Moon, a planet, a star, constellation or a deep-sky object) across the observer’s local meridian. The time of culmination (when the object culminates) is often used to mean upper culmination.

What does lower culmination mean?

astronomy. : the crossing of a circumpolar object over the part of the celestial meridian between the visible pole and the horizon.

What is meant by Meridian?

(Entry 1 of 2) 1a(1) : a great circle on the surface of the earth passing through the poles. (2) : the half of such a circle included between the poles. b : a representation of such a circle or half circle numbered for longitude (see longitude sense 1) on a map or globe — see longitude illustration.

What is Meridian very short answer?

A meridian is an imaginary line from the North Pole to the South Pole. Meridians are drawn on maps to help you describe the position of a place.

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