What does the word fracture means - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

Цели занятия:

Образовательная: познакомить студентов с
признаками переломов, правилами ухода при
наличии гипса, отработать лексику по теме,
повторить грамматический материал по теме Present
Simple.

Студент должен уметь: читать и переводить
тексты по теме занятия, строить высказывания с
использованием новой лексики по теме, строить
предложения в Present Simple.

Студент должен знать: правила употребления
временной формы Present Simple, лексику по теме,
признаки переломов, правила ухода за гипсом.

Оснащение.

Наглядные пособия: таблицы.
Дидактический материал: рабочая тетрадь.

ТСО: компьютер, презентация.

Внутридисциплинарные связи: темы по
анатомии.

Междисциплинарные связи: анатомия,
физиология, гигиена.

Литература: основная С.А. Тылкина. Пособие по
английскому языку для медицинских училищ. — М.:
АНМИ, 2000.

Ход занятия

1. Организационный момент.

2. Основная часть.

1) Повторение лексики по теме (словарный диктант
с русского на английский, составление
словосочетаний, перевод предложений со словами с
английского на русский):

Fracture, to break, bone, closed, open, to complain of, to move, swelling, to appear,
splint, bind, X-rays, plaster cast, limb.

2) Работа над текстом:

Fracture

The word “fracture” means a break in a bone. There two kinds of fractures: closed
and open. In a closed fracture there is no wound on the skin. In an open fracture there is
a wound. Open fractures are more serious than closed ones.

If a person breaks his arm or leg he complains of pain in the place of a break. The
pain becomes more severe if he presses the place or tries to move.

Swelling appears quickly. Do not let the person move. Use a splint for the broken limb.
Bind the splints to the limb but not at the place of the fracture.

Doctors use X-rays to see the break and put plaster casts on the broken limbs.

a) Прочитать и перевести текст.

b) Найти в тексте следующие выражения:

нет раны на коже, более серьёзный, жаловаться на
боль, становиться более сильной, пытаться
двигаться, не позволяйте, но не в месте перелома,
на сломанные конечности

c) Ответить на вопросы:

1. What does the word “fracture” mean?

2. What kinds of fractures do you know?

3. What fracture is more serious?

4. When does the pain become more severe?

5. How can you help the person with fracture?

6. What do the doctors do with fractures?

d) Пересказать текст.

3) Работа над презентацией:

a) чтение текста слайдов по цепочке;

b) работа с незнакомой лексикой (со словарем);

c) запись новой информации по теме в тетрадь;

d) контроль знаний материалов презентации.

4) Выполнение грамматических упражнений в
рабочей тетради с последующей проверкой:

Тема: “Глагол в Present Simple”

1. Поставьте глагол в нужной форме Present Simple:

Diana (to work) _____________ in a hospital.

Robin and Tom (to help) _______________the doctor.

I (to try) _________ to become a good student.

We always (to come) ______________to college in time.

The patient (to have) _____________a severe pain.

Molly (to study) ______________ well.

They (to help) _____________old people.

2. Сделайте предложения отрицательными:

The course of study lasts four years.

The First Moscow Medical Academy has over 70 departments.

Scientists study the effect of colour on man.

I want to be a doctor.

Students learn the so-called pre-clinical subjects.

We buy medicines and eye-glasses at the chemist’s.

3. Постройте все виды вопросов к предложениям:

These instructions are very important for patients.

Nobody likes to go to the dentist.

These boys do morning exercises every day.

3. Заключительная часть.

Подведение итогов, оценивание ответов
студентов, запись домашнего задания.

Источник

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ductile failure of a metallic specimen strained axially

Fracture is the separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress. The fracture of a solid usually occurs due to the development of certain displacement discontinuity surfaces within the solid. If a displacement develops perpendicular to the surface, it is called a normal tensile crack or simply a crack; if a displacement develops tangentially, it is called a shear crack, slip band or dislocation.^[1]

Brittle fractures occur without any apparent deformation before fracture. Ductile fractures occur after visible deformation. Fracture strength, or breaking strength, is the stress when a specimen fails or fractures. The detailed understanding of how a fracture occurs and develops in materials is the object of fracture mechanics.

Strength[edit]

«Breaking strain» redirects here. For the short story by Arthur C. Clarke, see Breaking Strain. For the novel by Paul Preuss, see Venus Prime.

Fracture strength, also known as breaking strength, is the stress at which a specimen fails via fracture.^[2] This is usually determined for a given specimen by a tensile test, which charts the stress–strain curve (see image). The final recorded point is the fracture strength.

Ductile materials have a fracture strength lower than the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), whereas in brittle materials the fracture strength is equivalent to the UTS.^[2] If a ductile material reaches its ultimate tensile strength in a load-controlled situation,^{[Note 1]} it will continue to deform, with no additional load application, until it ruptures. However, if the loading is displacement-controlled,^{[Note 2]} the deformation of the material may relieve the load, preventing rupture.

The statistics of fracture in random materials have very intriguing behavior, and was noted by the architects and engineers quite early. Indeed, fracture or breakdown studies might be the oldest physical science studies, which still remain intriguing and very much alive. Leonardo da Vinci, more than 500 years ago, observed that the tensile strengths of nominally identical specimens of iron wire decrease with increasing length of the wires (see e.g.,^[3] for a recent discussion). Similar observations were made by Galileo Galilei more than 400 years ago. This is the manifestation of the extreme statistics of failure (bigger sample volume can have larger defects due to cumulative fluctuations where failures nucleate and induce lower strength of the sample).^[4]

Types[edit]

There are two types of fractures: brittle and ductile fractures respectively without or with plastic deformation prior to failure.

Brittle[edit]

Brittle fracture in glass

Fracture of an aluminum crank arm of a bicycle, where the bright areas display a brittle fracture, and the dark areas show fatigue fracture.

In brittle fracture, no apparent plastic deformation takes place before fracture. Brittle fracture typically involves little energy absorption and occurs at high speeds—up to 2,133.6 m/s (7,000 ft/s) in steel.^[5] In most cases brittle fracture will continue even when loading is discontinued.^[6]

In brittle crystalline materials, fracture can occur by cleavage as the result of tensile stress acting normal to crystallographic planes with low bonding (cleavage planes). In amorphous solids, by contrast, the lack of a crystalline structure results in a conchoidal fracture, with cracks proceeding normal to the applied tension.

The fracture strength (or micro-crack nucleation stress) of a material was first theoretically estimated by Alan Arnold Griffith in 1921:

$sigma _{{mathrm {theoretical}}}={sqrt {{frac {Egamma }{r_{o}}}}}$

where: –

Brittle cleavage fracture surface from a scanning electron microscope

is the Young’s modulus of the material,

is the surface energy, and

$r_{o}$

is the micro-crack length (or equilibrium distance between atomic centers in a crystalline solid).

On the other hand, a crack introduces a stress concentration modeled by Inglis’s equation^[7]

$sigma _{{mathrm {elliptical crack}}}=sigma _{{mathrm {applied}}}left(1+2{sqrt {{frac {a}{rho }}}}right)=2sigma _{{mathrm {applied}}}{sqrt {{frac {a}{rho }}}}$

(For sharp cracks)

where: –

$sigma _{{mathrm {applied}}}$

is the loading stress,

is half the length of the crack, and

is the radius of curvature at the crack tip.

Putting these two equations together gets

$sigma _{{mathrm {fracture}}}={sqrt {{frac {Egamma rho }{4ar_{o}}}}}.$

Sharp cracks (small rho ) and large defects (large ) both lower the fracture strength of the material.

Recently, scientists have discovered supersonic fracture, the phenomenon of crack propagation faster than the speed of sound in a material.^[8] This phenomenon was recently also verified by experiment of fracture in rubber-like materials.

The basic sequence in a typical brittle fracture is: introduction of a flaw either before or after the material is put in service, slow and stable crack propagation under recurring loading, and sudden rapid failure when the crack reaches critical crack length based on the conditions defined by fracture mechanics.^[6] Brittle fracture may be avoided by controlling three primary factors: material fracture toughness (K_c), nominal stress level (σ), and introduced flaw size (a).^[5] Residual stresses, temperature, loading rate, and stress concentrations also contribute to brittle fracture by influencing the three primary factors.^[5]

Under certain conditions, ductile materials can exhibit brittle behavior. Rapid loading, low temperature, and triaxial stress constraint conditions may cause ductile materials to fail without prior deformation.^[5]

Ductile[edit]

Schematic representation of the steps in ductile fracture (in pure tension)

In ductile fracture, extensive plastic deformation (necking) takes place before fracture. The terms «rupture» and «ductile rupture» describe the ultimate failure of ductile materials loaded in tension. The extensive plasticity causes the crack to propagate slowly due to the absorption of a large amount of energy before fracture.^[9]^[10]

Ductile fracture surface of 6061-T6 aluminum

Because ductile rupture involves a high degree of plastic deformation, the fracture behavior of a propagating crack as modelled above changes fundamentally. Some of the energy from stress concentrations at the crack tips is dissipated by plastic deformation ahead of the crack as it propagates.

The basic steps in ductile fracture are void formation, void coalescence (also known as crack formation), crack propagation, and failure, often resulting in a cup-and-cone shaped failure surface. Voids typically coalesce around precipitates, secondary phases, inclusions, and at grain boundaries in the material. Ductile fracture is typically transgranular and deformation due to dislocation slip can cause the shear lip characteristic of cup and cone fracture.^[11]

Characteristics[edit]

The manner in which a crack propagates through a material gives insight into the mode of fracture. With ductile fracture a crack moves slowly and is accompanied by a large amount of plastic deformation around the crack tip. A ductile crack will usually not propagate unless an increased stress is applied and generally cease propagating when loading is removed.^[6] In a ductile material, a crack may progress to a section of the material where stresses are slightly lower and stop due to the blunting effect of plastic deformations at the crack tip. On the other hand, with brittle fracture, cracks spread very rapidly with little or no plastic deformation. The cracks that propagate in a brittle material will continue to grow once initiated.

Crack propagation is also categorized by the crack characteristics at the microscopic level. A crack that passes through the grains within the material is undergoing transgranular fracture. A crack that propagates along the grain boundaries is termed an intergranular fracture. Typically, the bonds between material grains are stronger at room temperature than the material itself, so transgranular fracture is more likely to occur. When temperatures increase enough to weaken the grain bonds, intergranular fracture is the more common fracture mode.^[6]

Testing[edit]

Fracture in materials is studied and quantified in multiple ways. Fracture is largely determined by the fracture toughness ( ${textstyle mathrm {K} _{mathrm {c} }}$ ), so fracture testing is often done to determine this. The two most widely used techniques for determining fracture toughness are the three-point flexural test and the compact tension test.

By performing the compact tension and three-point flexural tests, one is able to determine the fracture toughness through the following equation:

${displaystyle mathrm {K_{c}} =sigma _{mathrm {F} }{sqrt {pi mathrm {c} }}mathrm {f (c/a)} }$

Where:-

is an empirically-derived equation to capture the test sample geometry

${displaystyle sigma _{mathrm {F} }}$

is the fracture stress, and

is the crack length.

To accurately attain ${textstyle mathrm {K} _{mathrm {c} }}$ , the value of must be precisely measured. This is done by taking the test piece with its fabricated notch of length and sharpening this notch to better emulate a crack tip found in real-world materials.^[12] Cyclical prestressing the sample can then induce a fatigue crack which extends the crack from the fabricated notch length of to . This value is used in the above equations for determining ${textstyle mathrm {K} _{mathrm {c} }}$ .^[13]

Following this test, the sample can then be reoriented such that further loading of a load (F) will extend this crack and thus a load versus sample deflection curve can be obtained. With this curve, the slope of the linear portion, which is the inverse of the compliance of the material, can be obtained. This is then used to derive f(c/a) as defined above in the equation. With the knowledge of all these variables, ${textstyle mathrm {K} _{mathrm {c} }}$ can then be calculated.

Ceramics and inorganic glasses[edit]

Ceramics and inorganic glasses have fracturing behavior that differ those of metallic materials. Ceramics have high strengths and perform well in high temperatures due to the material strength being independent of temperature. Ceramics have low toughness as determined by testing under a tensile load; often, ceramics have ${textstyle mathrm {K} _{mathrm {c} }}$ values that are ~5% of that found in metals.^[13] However, as demonstrated by Faber and Evans, fracture toughness can be predicted and improved with crack deflection around second phase particles.^[14] Ceramics are usually loaded in compression in everyday use, so the compressive strength is often referred to as the strength; this strength can often exceed that of most metals. However, ceramics are brittle and thus most work done revolves around preventing brittle fracture. Due to how ceramics are manufactured and processed, there are often preexisting defects in the material introduce a high degree of variability in the Mode I brittle fracture.^[13] Thus, there is a probabilistic nature to be accounted for in the design of ceramics. The Weibull distribution predicts the survival probability of a fraction of samples with a certain volume that survive a tensile stress sigma, and is often used to better assess the success of a ceramic in avoiding fracture.

Fiber bundles[edit]

To model fracture of a bundle of fibers, the Fiber Bundle Model was introduced by Thomas Pierce in 1926 as a model to understand the strength of composite materials.^[15] The bundle consists of a large number of parallel Hookean springs of identical length and each having identical spring constants. They have however different breaking stresses. All these springs are suspended from a rigid horizontal platform. The load is attached to a horizontal platform, connected to the lower ends of the springs. When this lower platform is absolutely rigid, the load at any point of time is shared equally (irrespective of how many fibers or springs have broken and where) by all the surviving fibers. This mode of load-sharing is called Equal-Load-Sharing mode. The lower platform can also be assumed to have finite rigidity, so that local deformation of the platform occurs wherever springs fail and the surviving neighbor fibers have to share a larger fraction of that transferred from the failed fiber. The extreme case is that of local load-sharing model, where load of the failed spring or fiber is shared (usually equally) by the surviving nearest neighbor fibers.^[4]

Disasters[edit]

Failures caused by brittle fracture have not been limited to any particular category of engineered structure.^[5] Though brittle fracture is less common than other types of failure, the impacts to life and property can be more severe.^[5] The following notable historic failures were attributed to brittle fracture:

Pressure vessels: Great Molasses Flood in 1919,^[5] New Jersey molasses tank failure in 1973^[6]
Bridges: King Street Bridge span collapse in 1962, Silver Bridge collapse in 1967,^[5] partial failure of the Hoan Bridge in 2000
Ships: Titanic in 1912,^[6] Liberty ships during World War II,^[5] SS Schenectady in 1943^[6]

Notes[edit]

^ A simple load-controlled tensile situation would be to support a specimen from above, and hang a weight from the bottom end. The load on the specimen is then independent of its deformation.
^ A simple displacement-controlled tensile situation would be to attach a very stiff jack to the ends of a specimen. As the jack extends, it controls the displacement of the specimen; the load on the specimen is dependent on the deformation.

References[edit]

^ Cherepanov, G.P., Mechanics of Brittle Fracture
^ ^a ^b Degarmo, E. Paul; Black, J T.; Kohser, Ronald A. (2003), Materials and Processes in Manufacturing (9th ed.), Wiley, p. 32, ISBN 0-471-65653-4.
^ Lund, J. R.; Bryne, J. P., Civil. Eng. and Env. Syst. 18 (2000) 243
^ ^a ^b Chakrabarti, Bikas K. (December 2017). «Story of the Developments in Statistical Physics of Fracture, Breakdown and Earthquake: A Personal Account». Reports in Advances of Physical Sciences. 01 (4): 1750013. doi:10.1142/S242494241750013X. ISSN 2424-9424. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Rolfe, John M. Barsom, Stanley T. (1999). Fracture and fatigue control in structures : applications of fracture mechanics (3. ed.). West Conshohocken, Pa.: ASTM. ISBN 0803120826.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Campbell, F.C., ed. (2012). Fatigue and fracture : understanding the basics. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1615039760.
^ Inglis, Charles E. (1913). «Stresses in a plate due to the presence of cracks and sharp corners» (PDF). Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects. 55: 219–230.
^ C. H. Chen; H. P. Zhang; J. Niemczura; K. Ravi-Chandar; M. Marder (November 2011). «Scaling of crack propagation in rubber sheets». Europhysics Letters. 96 (3): 36009. Bibcode:2011EL…..9636009C. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/96/36009. S2CID 5975098.
^ Perez, Nestor (2016). Fracture Mechanics (2nd ed.). Springer. ISBN 978-3319249971.
^ Callister, William D. Jr. (2018). Materials science and engineering : an introduction (8th ed.). pp. 236–237. ISBN 978-1-119-40539-9. OCLC 992798630.
^ Askeland, Donald R. (January 2015). The science and engineering of materials. Wright, Wendelin J. (Seventh ed.). Boston, MA. pp. 236–237. ISBN 978-1-305-07676-1. OCLC 903959750.
^ EFM — Stress concentration at notches a closer look
^ ^a ^b ^c Courtney, Thomas H. (2000), Mechanical behavior of materials (3nd ed.), McGraw Hill, ISBN 1-57766-425-6.
^ Faber, K. T.; Evans, A. G. (1 April 1983). «Crack deflection processes—I. Theory». Acta Metallurgica. 31 (4): 565–576. doi:10.1016/0001-6160(83)90046-9. ISSN 0001-6160.
^ Pierce, F. T., J. Textile Indust. 17 (1926) 355

External links[edit]

Virtual museum of failed products at The Open University
Fracture and Reconstruction of a Clay Bowl
Ductile fracture

Источник

$The word “fracture” means a break in a bone. There two kinds of fractu перевод - The word “fracture” means a break in a bone. There two kinds of fractu русский как сказать$

Текст
Веб-страница

The word “fracture” means a break in a bone. There two kinds of fractures: closed and open. In a closed fracture there is no wound on the skin. In an open fracture there is a wound. Open fractures are more serious than closed ones.

If a person breaks his arm or leg he complains of pain in the place of a break. The pain becomes more severe if he presses the place or tries to move.

Swelling appears quickly. Do not let the person move. Use a splint for the broken limb. Bind the splints to the limb but not at the place of the fracture.

Doctors use X-rays to see the break and put plaster casts on the broken limbs.

0/5000

Результаты (русский) 1: [копия]

Скопировано!

Слово «перелом» означает разрыв в кости. Существует два вида переломов: закрытые и открытые. В закрытых переломов нет никакой раны на коже. Открытый перелом в рану. Открытые переломы являются более серьезными, чем те закрыт.Если человек нарушает его руку или ногу, он жалуется на боли месте перерыв. Боль становится более серьезным, если он нажимает место или пытается двигаться.Опухоль появляется быстро. Не позволяйте лицо двигаться. Используйте шину для сломанной конечности. Привяжите шины, конечности, но не в месте перелома.Доктора использовать рентген, чтобы увидеть перерыва и гипсовые слепки на сломанной конечности.

переводится, пожалуйста, подождите..

Результаты (русский) 2:[копия]

Скопировано!

Слово «перелом» означает перерыв в кости. Там два вида переломов: закрытые и открытые. В закрытом перелома нет раны на коже. В открытый перелом есть рана. Открытые переломы являются более серьезными, чем закрытые. Если человек ломает руку или ногу, он жалуется на боли в месте разрыва. Боль становится более серьезными, если он нажимает место или пытается двигаться. Отек появляется быстро. Не позволяйте человек шаг. Используйте шину для сломанной конечности. Свяжите лубки на конечности, но не в месте перелома. Врачи используют рентгеновские лучи, чтобы увидеть перерыв и положить муляжи на сломанными конечностями.

переводится, пожалуйста, подождите..

Результаты (русский) 3:[копия]

Скопировано!

Pocket Word เอกสาร » แตก » หมายถึงการทำลายในไขกระดูก . มี 2 ชนิดของการเปิดและปิดและหัก ในการปิดบาดแผลที่แตกบนและเป็นโหลดของนูสกิน . . . . . . . แต่แอนมีกระดูกหักแผลเปิดแผล กระดูกหักแผลเปิด — ปิดมากกว่าที่คุณ .ถ้าเป็นคนที่เขาทำตามที่เขาแขนขาหรือข้อร้องเรียนในสถานที่แห่งความเจ็บปวดของการแบ่ง . ที่ซึ่งเขาได้กลายเป็นปัญหาที่รุนแรงมากขึ้น presses ครั้งหรือถ้าสถานที่ที่จะ . . .Swelling appears ได้อย่างรวดเร็ว ไม่ย้ายไป . ใช้สำหรับการหักแขนขาหลวม . splints ไปผูกที่แขนขาแต่ไม่ที่สถานที่ของกระดูกหมอเอ็กซ์เรย์เพื่อดู casts ยิปซั่มและแตกใส่บนร่างกายที่แตกสลาย

переводится, пожалуйста, подождите..

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In the early days trere were gardens on
Мой старший брат увлекается спортом.В вы
богат тот кому всего хватает

Источник

Think of something hard breaking in a crisp, snapping manner, and you’ve just imagined a fracture. The word is most often applied to a broken bone, but it can used to describe any sharp, sudden break of something solid.

Значения

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An instance of breaking, a place where something has broken.

A break in bone or cartilage.

A fault or crack in a rock.

Еще значения (2)

To break, or cause something to break.

To amuse (a person) greatly; to split someone’s sides.

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The Latin frāctus means «broken,» and its descendant fracture can mean any break, though it’s most often associated with a hard — maybe even brittle — material, such as a bone, a rock, or the earth’s crust. When something softer is split we say it is torn. For example, when we say someone broke an arm, we are referring to the bone, not the muscle; we’d say the muscle is torn. When someone funny «breaks us up,» we might say «you fracture me!»

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Источник

Princeton’s WordNetRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

fracture, breaknoun

breaking of hard tissue such as bone

«it was a nasty fracture»; «the break seems to have been caused by a fall»
fault, faulting, geological fault, shift, fracture, breaknoun

(geology) a crack in the earth’s crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other

«they built it right over a geological fault»; «he studied the faulting of the earth’s crust»
fracture, crack, crackingverb

the act of cracking something
fractureverb

violate or abuse

«This writer really fractures the language»
fractureverb

interrupt, break, or destroy

«fracture the balance of power»
fractureverb

break into pieces

«The pothole fractured a bolt on the axle»
fractureverb

become fractured

«The tibia fractured from the blow of the iron pipe»
fractureverb

break (a bone)

«She broke her clavicle»
fracture, breakverb

fracture a bone of

«I broke my foot while playing hockey»

WiktionaryRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

fracturenoun

the act of breaking, or something that has broken, especially that in bone or cartilage
fracturenoun

a fault or crack in a rock
fractureverb

to break, or cause something to break

Samuel Johnson’s DictionaryRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

FRACTUREnoun

Etymology: fractura, Latin.

1. Breach; separation of continuous parts.

That may do it without any great fracture of the more stable and fixed parts of nature, or the infringement of the laws thereof.
Matthew Hale, Origin of Mankind.

2. The separation of the continuity of a bone in living bodies.

But thou wilt sin and grief destroy,
That so the broken bones may joy,
And tune together in a well-set song,
Full of his praises,
Who dead men raises;
Fractures well cur’d, make us more strong.
George Herbert.

Fractures of the scull are dangerous, not in consequence of the injury done to the cranium itself, but as the brain becomes affected.
Samuel Sharp, Surgery.
To Fractureverb

To break a bone.

Etymology: from the noun.

The leg was dressed, and the fractured bones united together.
Richard Wiseman, Surgery.

WikipediaRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

Fracture

Fracture is the separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress. The fracture of a solid usually occurs due to the development of certain displacement discontinuity surfaces within the solid. If a displacement develops perpendicular to the surface, it is called a normal tensile crack or simply a crack; if a displacement develops tangentially, it is called a shear crack, slip band or dislocation.Brittle fractures occur with no apparent deformation before fracture. Ductile fractures occur after visible deformation. Fracture strength, or breaking strength, is the stress when a specimen fails or fractures. The detailed understanding of how a fracture occurs and develops in materials is the object of fracture mechanics.

Webster DictionaryRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

Fracturenoun

the act of breaking or snapping asunder; rupture; breach
Fracturenoun

the breaking of a bone
Fracturenoun

the texture of a freshly broken surface; as, a compact fracture; an even, hackly, or conchoidal fracture
Fractureverb

to cause a fracture or fractures in; to break; to burst asunder; to crack; to separate the continuous parts of; as, to fracture a bone; to fracture the skull
Etymology: [Cf. F. fracturer.]

FreebaseRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

Fracture

A fracture is the separation of an object or material into two, or more, pieces under the action of stress.
The fracture of a solid almost always occurs due to the development of certain displacement discontinuity surfaces within the solid. If a displacement develops in this case perpendicular to the surface of displacement, it is called a normal tensile crack or simply a crack; if a displacement develops tangentially to the surface of displacement, it is called a shear crack, slip band, or dislocation.
The word fracture is often applied to bones of living creatures, or to crystals or crystalline materials, such as gemstones or metal. Sometimes, in crystalline materials, individual crystals fracture without the body actually separating into two or more pieces. Depending on the substance which is fractured, a fracture reduces strength or inhibits transmission of light.
A detailed understanding of how fracture occurs in materials may be assisted by the study of fracture mechanics.
A fracture is also the term used for a particular mask data preparation procedure within the realm of integrated circuit design that involves transposing complex polygons into simpler shapes such as trapezoids and rectangles.

CrunchBaseRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

Fracture

Fracture is a digital printing startup aiming to change the way people create and buy wall decor. We print images directly onto glass.Fracture’s goal is to use the power of the internet and the creative talent of their consumers to manufacture personalized wall decor that has been unattainable till now. Leveraging the efficiency and scale of existing printing technology, Fracture’s end game is to have consumers saying ” I never thought I could make something like that, or that I could afford it”.

Matched Categories

- Break
- Destroy
- Injure
- Injury
- Misuse

How to pronounce fracture?

How to say fracture in sign language?

Numerology

Chaldean Numerology

The numerical value of fracture in Chaldean Numerology is: 4
Pythagorean Numerology

The numerical value of fracture in Pythagorean Numerology is: 2

Examples of fracture in a Sentence

Monica Freden-Tarant:

Your cat will simply associate the frightening behavior with you, their trusted owner instead of the innocuous tree, by following this holiday suggestion, you are much more likely to fracture your relationship with your cat than save a single ornament.
Michael Gordon:

This is how cigarette use complicates bone healing in fractures, and decreases fusion rates in spine surgery patients, and increases osteoporosis and fracture rates in smokers versus nonsmokers.
Rajveer Purohit:

You can imagine a balloon that gets filled up with water, and then you have this tense sheath that’s surrounding the balloon, and that’s what gives you the stiffness with an erection. And the fracture is a rupture of the balloon and the sheath surrounding the balloon, the vast majority of cases are one-sided, or unilateral, corporal ruptures. But sometimes Rajveer Purohit do have someone who’s had a bilateral, or two-sided, corporal fracture involving the urethra.
Florida Sen. Marco Rubio:

Hopefully there’s time to still prevent a Trump nomination, which I think would fracture the party and be damaging to the conservative movement.
Drew Hammill:

Earlier this morning, Paul Pelosi was attacked at home by an assailant who acted with force, and threatened his life while demanding to see the Speaker, mr. Pelosi was admitted to Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospitalwhere he underwent successful surgery to repair a skull fracture and serious injuries to his right arm and hands. His doctors expect a full recovery.

Popularity rank by frequency of use

fracture#10000#14595#100000

Translations for fracture

From our Multilingual Translation Dictionary

breuk, fraksieAfrikaans
كسرArabic
ламацца, зламаць, зламацца, ламацьBelarusian
чупя, троша, лом, фрактура, цепнатина, счупванеBulgarian
zlomeninaCzech
Knochenbruch, Fraktur, BruchGerman
θραύση, σπάω, θραύω, σπάσιμο, κάταγμα, θλάσηGreek
fracturaSpanish
murtua, murros, haljeta, murtumaFinnish
fractureFrench
brekWestern Frisian
brisheyManx
骨折Japanese
골절Korean
breuk, VerwerfungDutch
bruddNorwegian
fratura, fraturar, falhaPortuguese
rupere, fractură, fracturareRomanian
ломаться, сломать, перелом, сломаться, ломатьRussian
frakturSwedish
எலும்பு முறிவுTamil
kırıkTurkish
ламатися, зламатися, зламати, ламатиUkrainian
gãyVietnamese
bomabrekVolapük
בראָךYiddish
斷裂Chinese

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Источник

Strength[edit]

Types[edit]

Brittle[edit]

Ductile[edit]

Characteristics[edit]

Testing[edit]

Ceramics and inorganic glasses[edit]

Fiber bundles[edit]

Disasters[edit]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

Значения

Формы слова

Какое слово наиболее близко по значению?

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Princeton’s WordNetRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

WiktionaryRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

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WikipediaRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

Webster DictionaryRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

FreebaseRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

CrunchBaseRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

Matched Categories

How to pronounce fracture?

How to say fracture in sign language?

Numerology

Examples of fracture in a Sentence

Popularity rank by frequency of use

Translations for fracture

From our Multilingual Translation Dictionary

Get even more translations for fracture »

Translation

Find a translation for the fracture definition in other languages:

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