What does the word fracture mean - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

Цели занятия:

Образовательная: познакомить студентов с
признаками переломов, правилами ухода при
наличии гипса, отработать лексику по теме,
повторить грамматический материал по теме Present
Simple.

Студент должен уметь: читать и переводить
тексты по теме занятия, строить высказывания с
использованием новой лексики по теме, строить
предложения в Present Simple.

Студент должен знать: правила употребления
временной формы Present Simple, лексику по теме,
признаки переломов, правила ухода за гипсом.

Оснащение.

Наглядные пособия: таблицы.
Дидактический материал: рабочая тетрадь.

ТСО: компьютер, презентация.

Внутридисциплинарные связи: темы по
анатомии.

Междисциплинарные связи: анатомия,
физиология, гигиена.

Литература: основная С.А. Тылкина. Пособие по
английскому языку для медицинских училищ. — М.:
АНМИ, 2000.

Ход занятия

1. Организационный момент.

2. Основная часть.

1) Повторение лексики по теме (словарный диктант
с русского на английский, составление
словосочетаний, перевод предложений со словами с
английского на русский):

Fracture, to break, bone, closed, open, to complain of, to move, swelling, to appear,
splint, bind, X-rays, plaster cast, limb.

2) Работа над текстом:

Fracture

The word “fracture” means a break in a bone. There two kinds of fractures: closed
and open. In a closed fracture there is no wound on the skin. In an open fracture there is
a wound. Open fractures are more serious than closed ones.

If a person breaks his arm or leg he complains of pain in the place of a break. The
pain becomes more severe if he presses the place or tries to move.

Swelling appears quickly. Do not let the person move. Use a splint for the broken limb.
Bind the splints to the limb but not at the place of the fracture.

Doctors use X-rays to see the break and put plaster casts on the broken limbs.

a) Прочитать и перевести текст.

b) Найти в тексте следующие выражения:

нет раны на коже, более серьёзный, жаловаться на
боль, становиться более сильной, пытаться
двигаться, не позволяйте, но не в месте перелома,
на сломанные конечности

c) Ответить на вопросы:

1. What does the word “fracture” mean?

2. What kinds of fractures do you know?

3. What fracture is more serious?

4. When does the pain become more severe?

5. How can you help the person with fracture?

6. What do the doctors do with fractures?

d) Пересказать текст.

3) Работа над презентацией:

a) чтение текста слайдов по цепочке;

b) работа с незнакомой лексикой (со словарем);

c) запись новой информации по теме в тетрадь;

d) контроль знаний материалов презентации.

4) Выполнение грамматических упражнений в
рабочей тетради с последующей проверкой:

Тема: “Глагол в Present Simple”

1. Поставьте глагол в нужной форме Present Simple:

Diana (to work) _____________ in a hospital.

Robin and Tom (to help) _______________the doctor.

I (to try) _________ to become a good student.

We always (to come) ______________to college in time.

The patient (to have) _____________a severe pain.

Molly (to study) ______________ well.

They (to help) _____________old people.

2. Сделайте предложения отрицательными:

The course of study lasts four years.

The First Moscow Medical Academy has over 70 departments.

Scientists study the effect of colour on man.

I want to be a doctor.

Students learn the so-called pre-clinical subjects.

We buy medicines and eye-glasses at the chemist’s.

3. Постройте все виды вопросов к предложениям:

These instructions are very important for patients.

Nobody likes to go to the dentist.

These boys do morning exercises every day.

3. Заключительная часть.

Подведение итогов, оценивание ответов
студентов, запись домашнего задания.

Источник

$The word “fracture” means a break in a bone. There two kinds of fractu перевод - The word “fracture” means a break in a bone. There two kinds of fractu русский как сказать$

Текст
Веб-страница

The word “fracture” means a break in a bone. There two kinds of fractures: closed and open. In a closed fracture there is no wound on the skin. In an open fracture there is a wound. Open fractures are more serious than closed ones.

If a person breaks his arm or leg he complains of pain in the place of a break. The pain becomes more severe if he presses the place or tries to move.

Swelling appears quickly. Do not let the person move. Use a splint for the broken limb. Bind the splints to the limb but not at the place of the fracture.

Doctors use X-rays to see the break and put plaster casts on the broken limbs.

0/5000

Результаты (русский) 1: [копия]

Скопировано!

Слово «перелом» означает разрыв в кости. Существует два вида переломов: закрытые и открытые. В закрытых переломов нет никакой раны на коже. Открытый перелом в рану. Открытые переломы являются более серьезными, чем те закрыт.Если человек нарушает его руку или ногу, он жалуется на боли месте перерыв. Боль становится более серьезным, если он нажимает место или пытается двигаться.Опухоль появляется быстро. Не позволяйте лицо двигаться. Используйте шину для сломанной конечности. Привяжите шины, конечности, но не в месте перелома.Доктора использовать рентген, чтобы увидеть перерыва и гипсовые слепки на сломанной конечности.

переводится, пожалуйста, подождите..

Результаты (русский) 2:[копия]

Скопировано!

Слово «перелом» означает перерыв в кости. Там два вида переломов: закрытые и открытые. В закрытом перелома нет раны на коже. В открытый перелом есть рана. Открытые переломы являются более серьезными, чем закрытые. Если человек ломает руку или ногу, он жалуется на боли в месте разрыва. Боль становится более серьезными, если он нажимает место или пытается двигаться. Отек появляется быстро. Не позволяйте человек шаг. Используйте шину для сломанной конечности. Свяжите лубки на конечности, но не в месте перелома. Врачи используют рентгеновские лучи, чтобы увидеть перерыв и положить муляжи на сломанными конечностями.

переводится, пожалуйста, подождите..

Результаты (русский) 3:[копия]

Скопировано!

Pocket Word เอกสาร » แตก » หมายถึงการทำลายในไขกระดูก . มี 2 ชนิดของการเปิดและปิดและหัก ในการปิดบาดแผลที่แตกบนและเป็นโหลดของนูสกิน . . . . . . . แต่แอนมีกระดูกหักแผลเปิดแผล กระดูกหักแผลเปิด — ปิดมากกว่าที่คุณ .ถ้าเป็นคนที่เขาทำตามที่เขาแขนขาหรือข้อร้องเรียนในสถานที่แห่งความเจ็บปวดของการแบ่ง . ที่ซึ่งเขาได้กลายเป็นปัญหาที่รุนแรงมากขึ้น presses ครั้งหรือถ้าสถานที่ที่จะ . . .Swelling appears ได้อย่างรวดเร็ว ไม่ย้ายไป . ใช้สำหรับการหักแขนขาหลวม . splints ไปผูกที่แขนขาแต่ไม่ที่สถานที่ของกระดูกหมอเอ็กซ์เรย์เพื่อดู casts ยิปซั่มและแตกใส่บนร่างกายที่แตกสลาย

переводится, пожалуйста, подождите..

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я слышал как он звал нас
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Im worried about my baby. She is crawlin
Нет я не умею лазить по деревьям
Let’s
In the early days
Im worried about my baby. She is crawlin
She / work for that company
thereare some good things about living i
No,you mustn’t
Помогаю родителям, братьям, сёстрам.
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Мой старший брат увлекается спортом.В вы
богат тот кому всего хватает

Источник

Think of something hard breaking in a crisp, snapping manner, and you’ve just imagined a fracture. The word is most often applied to a broken bone, but it can used to describe any sharp, sudden break of something solid.

Значения

Нажмите ru для перевода

An instance of breaking, a place where something has broken.

A break in bone or cartilage.

A fault or crack in a rock.

Еще значения (2)

To break, or cause something to break.

To amuse (a person) greatly; to split someone’s sides.

Формы слова

Какое слово наиболее близко по значению?

Нет, это не так. 🙁

Верно! 😎

Сыграть еще раз

Словесные ассоциации эффективны для пополнения словарного запаса, потому что они помогают быстро понимать слова и эффективно их запоминать.

The Latin frāctus means «broken,» and its descendant fracture can mean any break, though it’s most often associated with a hard — maybe even brittle — material, such as a bone, a rock, or the earth’s crust. When something softer is split we say it is torn. For example, when we say someone broke an arm, we are referring to the bone, not the muscle; we’d say the muscle is torn. When someone funny «breaks us up,» we might say «you fracture me!»

Посмотрите, как произносят fracture на Youtube и попробуйте повторить 🙋‍

Нажмите, чтобы воспроизвести видео

Скорость воспроизведения видео:

Normal — по умолчанию (1);
Slow — медленно (0.75);
Slowest — очень медленно (0.5).

Примеры использования

Близкие по звучанию слова

Вы можете улучшить свое произношение слова «fracture», сказав одно из следующих слов:

Фонетика

Тренируйте свое произношение на словах, близких по звучанию «fracture»:

Советы для улучшения вашего английского произношения

Разбейте fracture на звуки — произнесите каждый звук вслух

Запишите свой голос, произнося fracture в полных предложениях, затем прослушайте свою речь. Вы сможете легко отмечать свои ошибки.

Работайте над своей интонацией. Ритм и интонация важны для того, чтобы другие поняли, что вы говорите. Послушайте на Youtube, как говорят носители языка.

Совершенствуй произношение

В разделе YouTube вы можете прослушать как произносить fracture

Источник

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ductile failure of a metallic specimen strained axially

Fracture is the separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress. The fracture of a solid usually occurs due to the development of certain displacement discontinuity surfaces within the solid. If a displacement develops perpendicular to the surface, it is called a normal tensile crack or simply a crack; if a displacement develops tangentially, it is called a shear crack, slip band or dislocation.^[1]

Brittle fractures occur without any apparent deformation before fracture. Ductile fractures occur after visible deformation. Fracture strength, or breaking strength, is the stress when a specimen fails or fractures. The detailed understanding of how a fracture occurs and develops in materials is the object of fracture mechanics.

Strength[edit]

«Breaking strain» redirects here. For the short story by Arthur C. Clarke, see Breaking Strain. For the novel by Paul Preuss, see Venus Prime.

Fracture strength, also known as breaking strength, is the stress at which a specimen fails via fracture.^[2] This is usually determined for a given specimen by a tensile test, which charts the stress–strain curve (see image). The final recorded point is the fracture strength.

Ductile materials have a fracture strength lower than the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), whereas in brittle materials the fracture strength is equivalent to the UTS.^[2] If a ductile material reaches its ultimate tensile strength in a load-controlled situation,^{[Note 1]} it will continue to deform, with no additional load application, until it ruptures. However, if the loading is displacement-controlled,^{[Note 2]} the deformation of the material may relieve the load, preventing rupture.

The statistics of fracture in random materials have very intriguing behavior, and was noted by the architects and engineers quite early. Indeed, fracture or breakdown studies might be the oldest physical science studies, which still remain intriguing and very much alive. Leonardo da Vinci, more than 500 years ago, observed that the tensile strengths of nominally identical specimens of iron wire decrease with increasing length of the wires (see e.g.,^[3] for a recent discussion). Similar observations were made by Galileo Galilei more than 400 years ago. This is the manifestation of the extreme statistics of failure (bigger sample volume can have larger defects due to cumulative fluctuations where failures nucleate and induce lower strength of the sample).^[4]

Types[edit]

There are two types of fractures: brittle and ductile fractures respectively without or with plastic deformation prior to failure.

Brittle[edit]

Brittle fracture in glass

Fracture of an aluminum crank arm of a bicycle, where the bright areas display a brittle fracture, and the dark areas show fatigue fracture.

In brittle fracture, no apparent plastic deformation takes place before fracture. Brittle fracture typically involves little energy absorption and occurs at high speeds—up to 2,133.6 m/s (7,000 ft/s) in steel.^[5] In most cases brittle fracture will continue even when loading is discontinued.^[6]

In brittle crystalline materials, fracture can occur by cleavage as the result of tensile stress acting normal to crystallographic planes with low bonding (cleavage planes). In amorphous solids, by contrast, the lack of a crystalline structure results in a conchoidal fracture, with cracks proceeding normal to the applied tension.

The fracture strength (or micro-crack nucleation stress) of a material was first theoretically estimated by Alan Arnold Griffith in 1921:

$sigma _{{mathrm {theoretical}}}={sqrt {{frac {Egamma }{r_{o}}}}}$

where: –

Brittle cleavage fracture surface from a scanning electron microscope

is the Young’s modulus of the material,

is the surface energy, and

$r_{o}$

is the micro-crack length (or equilibrium distance between atomic centers in a crystalline solid).

On the other hand, a crack introduces a stress concentration modeled by Inglis’s equation^[7]

$sigma _{{mathrm {elliptical crack}}}=sigma _{{mathrm {applied}}}left(1+2{sqrt {{frac {a}{rho }}}}right)=2sigma _{{mathrm {applied}}}{sqrt {{frac {a}{rho }}}}$

(For sharp cracks)

where: –

$sigma _{{mathrm {applied}}}$

is the loading stress,

is half the length of the crack, and

is the radius of curvature at the crack tip.

Putting these two equations together gets

$sigma _{{mathrm {fracture}}}={sqrt {{frac {Egamma rho }{4ar_{o}}}}}.$

Sharp cracks (small rho ) and large defects (large ) both lower the fracture strength of the material.

Recently, scientists have discovered supersonic fracture, the phenomenon of crack propagation faster than the speed of sound in a material.^[8] This phenomenon was recently also verified by experiment of fracture in rubber-like materials.

The basic sequence in a typical brittle fracture is: introduction of a flaw either before or after the material is put in service, slow and stable crack propagation under recurring loading, and sudden rapid failure when the crack reaches critical crack length based on the conditions defined by fracture mechanics.^[6] Brittle fracture may be avoided by controlling three primary factors: material fracture toughness (K_c), nominal stress level (σ), and introduced flaw size (a).^[5] Residual stresses, temperature, loading rate, and stress concentrations also contribute to brittle fracture by influencing the three primary factors.^[5]

Under certain conditions, ductile materials can exhibit brittle behavior. Rapid loading, low temperature, and triaxial stress constraint conditions may cause ductile materials to fail without prior deformation.^[5]

Ductile[edit]

Schematic representation of the steps in ductile fracture (in pure tension)

In ductile fracture, extensive plastic deformation (necking) takes place before fracture. The terms «rupture» and «ductile rupture» describe the ultimate failure of ductile materials loaded in tension. The extensive plasticity causes the crack to propagate slowly due to the absorption of a large amount of energy before fracture.^[9]^[10]

Ductile fracture surface of 6061-T6 aluminum

Because ductile rupture involves a high degree of plastic deformation, the fracture behavior of a propagating crack as modelled above changes fundamentally. Some of the energy from stress concentrations at the crack tips is dissipated by plastic deformation ahead of the crack as it propagates.

The basic steps in ductile fracture are void formation, void coalescence (also known as crack formation), crack propagation, and failure, often resulting in a cup-and-cone shaped failure surface. Voids typically coalesce around precipitates, secondary phases, inclusions, and at grain boundaries in the material. Ductile fracture is typically transgranular and deformation due to dislocation slip can cause the shear lip characteristic of cup and cone fracture.^[11]

Characteristics[edit]

The manner in which a crack propagates through a material gives insight into the mode of fracture. With ductile fracture a crack moves slowly and is accompanied by a large amount of plastic deformation around the crack tip. A ductile crack will usually not propagate unless an increased stress is applied and generally cease propagating when loading is removed.^[6] In a ductile material, a crack may progress to a section of the material where stresses are slightly lower and stop due to the blunting effect of plastic deformations at the crack tip. On the other hand, with brittle fracture, cracks spread very rapidly with little or no plastic deformation. The cracks that propagate in a brittle material will continue to grow once initiated.

Crack propagation is also categorized by the crack characteristics at the microscopic level. A crack that passes through the grains within the material is undergoing transgranular fracture. A crack that propagates along the grain boundaries is termed an intergranular fracture. Typically, the bonds between material grains are stronger at room temperature than the material itself, so transgranular fracture is more likely to occur. When temperatures increase enough to weaken the grain bonds, intergranular fracture is the more common fracture mode.^[6]

Testing[edit]

Fracture in materials is studied and quantified in multiple ways. Fracture is largely determined by the fracture toughness ( ${textstyle mathrm {K} _{mathrm {c} }}$ ), so fracture testing is often done to determine this. The two most widely used techniques for determining fracture toughness are the three-point flexural test and the compact tension test.

By performing the compact tension and three-point flexural tests, one is able to determine the fracture toughness through the following equation:

${displaystyle mathrm {K_{c}} =sigma _{mathrm {F} }{sqrt {pi mathrm {c} }}mathrm {f (c/a)} }$

Where:-

is an empirically-derived equation to capture the test sample geometry

${displaystyle sigma _{mathrm {F} }}$

is the fracture stress, and

is the crack length.

To accurately attain ${textstyle mathrm {K} _{mathrm {c} }}$ , the value of must be precisely measured. This is done by taking the test piece with its fabricated notch of length and sharpening this notch to better emulate a crack tip found in real-world materials.^[12] Cyclical prestressing the sample can then induce a fatigue crack which extends the crack from the fabricated notch length of to . This value is used in the above equations for determining ${textstyle mathrm {K} _{mathrm {c} }}$ .^[13]

Following this test, the sample can then be reoriented such that further loading of a load (F) will extend this crack and thus a load versus sample deflection curve can be obtained. With this curve, the slope of the linear portion, which is the inverse of the compliance of the material, can be obtained. This is then used to derive f(c/a) as defined above in the equation. With the knowledge of all these variables, ${textstyle mathrm {K} _{mathrm {c} }}$ can then be calculated.

Ceramics and inorganic glasses[edit]

Ceramics and inorganic glasses have fracturing behavior that differ those of metallic materials. Ceramics have high strengths and perform well in high temperatures due to the material strength being independent of temperature. Ceramics have low toughness as determined by testing under a tensile load; often, ceramics have ${textstyle mathrm {K} _{mathrm {c} }}$ values that are ~5% of that found in metals.^[13] However, as demonstrated by Faber and Evans, fracture toughness can be predicted and improved with crack deflection around second phase particles.^[14] Ceramics are usually loaded in compression in everyday use, so the compressive strength is often referred to as the strength; this strength can often exceed that of most metals. However, ceramics are brittle and thus most work done revolves around preventing brittle fracture. Due to how ceramics are manufactured and processed, there are often preexisting defects in the material introduce a high degree of variability in the Mode I brittle fracture.^[13] Thus, there is a probabilistic nature to be accounted for in the design of ceramics. The Weibull distribution predicts the survival probability of a fraction of samples with a certain volume that survive a tensile stress sigma, and is often used to better assess the success of a ceramic in avoiding fracture.

Fiber bundles[edit]

To model fracture of a bundle of fibers, the Fiber Bundle Model was introduced by Thomas Pierce in 1926 as a model to understand the strength of composite materials.^[15] The bundle consists of a large number of parallel Hookean springs of identical length and each having identical spring constants. They have however different breaking stresses. All these springs are suspended from a rigid horizontal platform. The load is attached to a horizontal platform, connected to the lower ends of the springs. When this lower platform is absolutely rigid, the load at any point of time is shared equally (irrespective of how many fibers or springs have broken and where) by all the surviving fibers. This mode of load-sharing is called Equal-Load-Sharing mode. The lower platform can also be assumed to have finite rigidity, so that local deformation of the platform occurs wherever springs fail and the surviving neighbor fibers have to share a larger fraction of that transferred from the failed fiber. The extreme case is that of local load-sharing model, where load of the failed spring or fiber is shared (usually equally) by the surviving nearest neighbor fibers.^[4]

Disasters[edit]

Failures caused by brittle fracture have not been limited to any particular category of engineered structure.^[5] Though brittle fracture is less common than other types of failure, the impacts to life and property can be more severe.^[5] The following notable historic failures were attributed to brittle fracture:

Pressure vessels: Great Molasses Flood in 1919,^[5] New Jersey molasses tank failure in 1973^[6]
Bridges: King Street Bridge span collapse in 1962, Silver Bridge collapse in 1967,^[5] partial failure of the Hoan Bridge in 2000
Ships: Titanic in 1912,^[6] Liberty ships during World War II,^[5] SS Schenectady in 1943^[6]

Notes[edit]

^ A simple load-controlled tensile situation would be to support a specimen from above, and hang a weight from the bottom end. The load on the specimen is then independent of its deformation.
^ A simple displacement-controlled tensile situation would be to attach a very stiff jack to the ends of a specimen. As the jack extends, it controls the displacement of the specimen; the load on the specimen is dependent on the deformation.

References[edit]

^ Cherepanov, G.P., Mechanics of Brittle Fracture
^ ^a ^b Degarmo, E. Paul; Black, J T.; Kohser, Ronald A. (2003), Materials and Processes in Manufacturing (9th ed.), Wiley, p. 32, ISBN 0-471-65653-4.
^ Lund, J. R.; Bryne, J. P., Civil. Eng. and Env. Syst. 18 (2000) 243
^ ^a ^b Chakrabarti, Bikas K. (December 2017). «Story of the Developments in Statistical Physics of Fracture, Breakdown and Earthquake: A Personal Account». Reports in Advances of Physical Sciences. 01 (4): 1750013. doi:10.1142/S242494241750013X. ISSN 2424-9424. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Rolfe, John M. Barsom, Stanley T. (1999). Fracture and fatigue control in structures : applications of fracture mechanics (3. ed.). West Conshohocken, Pa.: ASTM. ISBN 0803120826.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Campbell, F.C., ed. (2012). Fatigue and fracture : understanding the basics. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1615039760.
^ Inglis, Charles E. (1913). «Stresses in a plate due to the presence of cracks and sharp corners» (PDF). Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects. 55: 219–230.
^ C. H. Chen; H. P. Zhang; J. Niemczura; K. Ravi-Chandar; M. Marder (November 2011). «Scaling of crack propagation in rubber sheets». Europhysics Letters. 96 (3): 36009. Bibcode:2011EL…..9636009C. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/96/36009. S2CID 5975098.
^ Perez, Nestor (2016). Fracture Mechanics (2nd ed.). Springer. ISBN 978-3319249971.
^ Callister, William D. Jr. (2018). Materials science and engineering : an introduction (8th ed.). pp. 236–237. ISBN 978-1-119-40539-9. OCLC 992798630.
^ Askeland, Donald R. (January 2015). The science and engineering of materials. Wright, Wendelin J. (Seventh ed.). Boston, MA. pp. 236–237. ISBN 978-1-305-07676-1. OCLC 903959750.
^ EFM — Stress concentration at notches a closer look
^ ^a ^b ^c Courtney, Thomas H. (2000), Mechanical behavior of materials (3nd ed.), McGraw Hill, ISBN 1-57766-425-6.
^ Faber, K. T.; Evans, A. G. (1 April 1983). «Crack deflection processes—I. Theory». Acta Metallurgica. 31 (4): 565–576. doi:10.1016/0001-6160(83)90046-9. ISSN 0001-6160.
^ Pierce, F. T., J. Textile Indust. 17 (1926) 355

External links[edit]

Virtual museum of failed products at The Open University
Fracture and Reconstruction of a Clay Bowl
Ductile fracture

Источник

Meaning Fracture

What does Fracture mean? Here you find 114 meanings of the word Fracture. You can also add a definition of Fracture yourself

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A break in bone or cartilage. Although usually a result of trauma, a fracture can be the result of an acquired disease of bone, such as osteoporosis, or of abnormal formation of bone in a congenital disease of bone, such as osteogenesis imperfecta (‘brittle bone disease’). Fractures are classified according to their character and location [..]

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Fracture

A break in bone at the base of the skull. About a half of basilar fractures are caused by bicycle or motor vehicle accidents, about a quarter by falls, and a tenth by recreational activities, particularly by diving accidents. The balance are due to other causes. No matter what cause, the risk of death with a basilar fracture is appreciable. The ter [..]

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Fracture

An uncommon breakage of the spine of the vertebrae from the lower neck or upper back as a result of stress. Clay-shoveler’s fracture usually occurs in laborers who perform activities involving lifting weights rapidly with the arms extended. Examples of these activities include shoveling soil, rubble or snow up and over the head backwards, usin [..]

4	0 0 Fracture A fracture in which a bone is broken, splintered, or crushed into a number of pieces.

5	0 0 Fracture A fracture in which a bone is sticking through the skin. Also known as an open ‘fracture.

6	0 0 Fracture A fracture caused by compression, the act of pressing together. Compression fractures of the vertebrae are especially common in elderly people.

7	0 0 Fracture A fracture in which one side of a bone is broken and the other is bent (like a green stick).

8	0 0 Fracture See: Hangman’s fracture.

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Fracture

A fracture in which the bone is sticking through the skin. Also called a compound fracture. A fracture is a break in the bone or cartilage. It usually is a result of trauma but can be due to an acquired disease of bone such as osteoporosis or abnormal formation of bone in a congenital disease of bone such as osteogenesis imperfecta («brittle b [..]

10	0 0 Fracture A traumatic fracture of the physeal and/or epiphyseal growth plate. Salter-Harris fractures occur in the extremities of children at the point where new bone is being formed as the bones grow.

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Fracture

A fracture, sometimes called a torsion fracture, in which a bone has been twisted apart. A fracture is any break in the bone or cartilage. It usually is a result of trauma but can be due to an acquired disease of bone such as osteoporosis or abnormal formation of bone in a congenital disease of bone such as osteogenesis imperfecta («brittle bo [..]

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Fracture

A fracture caused by repetitive stress, as may occur in sports, strenuous exercise, or heavy physical labor. Stress fractures are especially common in the metatarsal bones of the foot, particularly in runners. Osteoporosis increases the possibility of stress fractures. Treatment includes rest, disuse, and sometimes splinting or casting to prevent r [..]

13	0 0 Fracture A torsion fracture of the tibia that occurs without bone displacement. This fracture is called toddler’s fracture because it occurs in infants who are early on in their walking, causing a stress breakage of bone in the large bone of the leg below the knee.

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Fracture

A fracture, also called a spiral fracture, in which a bone has been twisted apart. A fracture is any break in the bone or cartilage. It usually is a result of trauma but can be due to an acquired disease of bone such as osteoporosis or abnormal formation of bone in a congenital disease of bone such as osteogenesis imperfecta («brittle bone dis [..]

15	0 0 Fracture A fracture in which one side of a bone bends but does not actually break. Torus fractures normally heal on their own within a month, with rest and disuse. Also known as incomplete fracture or buckle fracture.

16	0 0 Fracture A fracture in which the break is across a bone, at a right angle to the long axis of the bone.

17	0 0 Fracture A crack or surface of breakage within rock not related to foliation or cleavage in metamorphic rock along which there has been no movement. A fracture along which there has been displacement is a faul [..]

18	0 0 Fracture In hydrologic terms, any break or rupture formed in an ice cover or floe due to deformation.

19	0 0 Fracture The breaking of a part, especially of a bony structure; breaking of a tooth.

20	0 0 Fracture A partial or complete break in a bone.

21	0 0 Fracture early 15c., «a breaking of a bone,» from Middle French fracture (14c.), from Latin fractura «a breach, break, cleft,» from fractus, past participle of frangere «to break» [..]

22	0 0 Fracture «cause a fracture in» (transitive), 1610s (implied in fractured), from fracture (n.). Intransitive meaning «become fractured» is from 1830. Related: Fracturing.

23	0 0 Fracture A disruption in the integrity of a bone

24	0 0 Fracture The characteristic way a mineral breaks when put under stress, aside from cleavage. See Fracture in Mineral Properties for more information

25	0 0 Fracture to break.

26	0 0 Fracture The breaking of a bone into two or more pieces

27	0 0 Fracture breaking of hard tissue such as bone; &quot;it was a nasty fracture&quot;; &quot;the break seems to have been caused by a fall&quot; violate or abuse; &quot;Thi [..]

28	0 0 Fracture n. A break.

29	0 0 Fracture A break, rip, or tear in a piece part.

30	0 0 Fracture A disruption of the normal continuity of bone.

31	0 0 Fracture DISLOCATION — Fracture of a bone that is also dislocated from its normal position in a joint.

32	0 0 Fracture fracture (pop)

33	0 0 Fracture A fracture is a break in the bone or cartilage. Fractures are also named by the trauma event that caused the bone breakage.

34	0 0 Fracture (n) — the way a mineral breaks along uneven surfaces

35	0 0 Fracture A break in a bone. See comminuted; compound; condylar; fissure; metacarpal; oblique; saucer; sesamoid; slab; spiral; simple; stress. See «Fractures» subsection of «Musculoskeletal Syste [..]

36	0 0 Fracture The property of a mineral in which it breaks along rough, jagged surfaces.

37	0 0 Fracture the tendency of a mineral to break along jagged, uneven surfaces Geomagnetic Field

38	0 0 Fracture mineral breakage that forms an irregular surface that may be rough or jagged; a bone break. freezing

39	0 0 Fracture a brittle crack in the crust

40	0 0 Fracture broken or cracked bone

41	0 0 Fracture (n) breaking of hard tissue such as bone(n) (geology) a crack in the earth’s crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other(n) the act of cracking something(v) vi [..]

42	0 0 Fracture A fracture is a broken bone. A bone may be completely fractured or partially fractured in any number of ways (crosswise, lengthwise, in multiple pieces). Source: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeo [..]

43	0 0 Fracture A break in a bone.

44	0 0 Fracture The breaking of a part, especially the breaking or rupture of a bone.

45	0 0 Fracture A break in a bone. See comminuted; compound; condylar; fissure; metacarpal; oblique; saucer; sesamoid; slab; spiral; simple; stress.

46	0 0 Fracture When a bone breaks, it’s called a fracture. If you ever hurt yourself and think you might have a fracture, don’t move! Wait until someone comes to help you because fractures only get worse w [..]

47	0 0 Fracture See feather

48	0 0 Fracture Surface appearance of metals when broken.

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Fracture

A fractured bone is one that has cracked or broken. Bones are comprised primarily of calcium and are quite hard. A crack usually occurs as a result of an injury. In cases of abnormal bone structure, a fracture can occur after a very minor injury. Overuse can cause a stress fracture. Displacement refers to the amount the two broken pieces have moved [..]

50	0 0 Fracture Any break in rock along which no significant movement has occurred.

51	0 0 Fracture A break, or separation, of a part into two or more pieces.

52	0 0 Fracture A break in a rock formation due to structural stresses; e.g. faults, shears, joints, and planes of fracture cleavage.

53	0 0 Fracture A break in a rock formation due to structural stresses; e.g. faults, shears, joints, and planes of fracture cleavage.

54	0 0 Fracture a break in a bone or cartilage, often but not always the result of trauma.

55	0 0 Fracture Fractures which extend through the base of the Skull, usually involving the Petrous Bone. Battle’s sign (characterized by Skin discoloration due to extravasation of Blood into the Subcutaneous Ti [..]

56	0 0 Fracture Breaks in bones.

57	0 0 Fracture Breaks in Cartilage.

58	0 0 Fracture Fractures in which the break in bone is not accompanied by an external wound.

59	0 0 Fracture Fracture of the lower end of the radius in which the lower fragment is displaced posteriorly.

60	0 0 Fracture A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed. (Dorland, 27th ed)

61	0 0 Fracture Crumbling or smashing of cancellous BONE by forces acting parallel to the long axis of bone. It is applied particularly to vertebral body fractures (Spinal Fractures). (Blauvelt and Nelson, A Manual o [..]

62	0 0 Fracture A Skull Fracture characterized by inward Depression of a fragment or section of cranial bone, often compressing the underlying Dura Mater and Brain. Depressed cranial fractures which feature open Skin [..]

63	0 0 Fracture Fractures of the Femur.

64	0 0 Fracture A form of Stress Fractures that result when normal force is applied to bones with deficient Elasticity.

65	0 0 Fracture Fractures of the articular surface of a bone.

66	0 0 Fracture Fractures of the upper or lower jaw.

67	0 0 Fracture Union of the fragments of a fractured bone in a faulty or abnormal position. If two bones parallel to one another unite by osseous Tissue, the result is a crossunion. (From Manual of Orthopaedic Termi [..]

68	0 0 Fracture Fractures of the lower jaw.

69	0 0 Fracture Fractures of the upper jaw.

70	0 0 Fracture Fracture in the proximal half of the shaft of the ulna, with dislocation of the head of the radius.

71	0 0 Fracture Fractures in which there is an external wound communicating with the break of the bone.

72	0 0 Fracture Fractures of the bones in the Orbit, which include parts of the frontal, ethmoidal, lacrimal, and Sphenoid Bones and the Maxilla and zygoma.

73	0 0 Fracture Breaks in bones resulting from low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration characteristic of Osteoporosis.

74	0 0 Fracture Fractures around joint replacement prosthetics or implants. They can occur intraoperatively or postoperatively.

75	0 0 Fracture Fractures of the proximal humerus, including the head, anatomic and surgical necks, and tuberosities.

76	0 0 Fracture Fractures of the Skull which may result from penetrating or Nonpenetrating Head Injuries or rarely Bone Diseases (see also Fractures, Spontaneous). Skull fractures may be classified by location (e.g., [..]

77	0 0 Fracture Broken Bones in the Vertebral Column.

78	0 0 Fracture Fractures occurring as a result of Disease of a bone or from some undiscoverable cause, and not due to Trauma. (Dorland, 27th ed)

79	0 0 Fracture Fractures due to the strain caused by repetitive Exercise. They are thought to arise from a combination of Muscle Fatigue and bone failure, and occur in situations where Bone Remodeling predominates o [..]

80	0 0 Fracture Break or Rupture of a Tooth or Tooth Root.

81	0 0 Fracture Fractures of the larger bone of the forearm.

82	0 0 Fracture A fracture in which union fails to occur, the ends of the bone becoming rounded and eburnated, and a false joint occurs. (Stedman, 25th ed)

83	0 0 Fracture Fractures of the zygoma.

84	0 0 Fracture A break, rupture, or crack, especially in bone or cartilage.

85	0 0 Fracture The partial or complete break of a bone.

86	0 0 Fracture shiny like glass, found in 70% of minerals, vitreous

87	0 0 Fracture Broken, as in a bone or tooth. Gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV)

88	0 0 Fracture A broken bone.

89	0 0 Fracture a. The way in which a mineral breaks, other than its cleavage. b. A crack, joint, or break in rocks.

90	0 0 Fracture A mineral property. The fracture of a mineral is the breakage surface produced when it does not yield to a parting or cleavage. Somewhat subjective property, but can be helpful in determinative minera [..]

91	0 0 Fracture The characteristic way a mineral breaks when put under stress, aside from cleavage.

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Fracture

Fracture is a physical property of minerals. It is defined as any break that other than that caused by cleaving or parting. Fractures may be internal or external. Internal fractures are called feathers. External fractures often take characteristic forms that are helpful when identifying minerals. Adjectives used to describe fracture include conchoi [..]

93	0 0 Fracture The irregular breakage characteristics that a mineral exhibits other than along cleavage planes, and that are described by such terms as uneven, conchoidal, hackly, splintery, and earthy.

94	0 0 Fracture A crack, joint, or other break in rocks.

95	0 0 Fracture The surface obtained by breaking a substance in directions other than a cleavage or parting plane e.g. conchoidal, even, uneven, hackly.

96	0 0 Fracture The breaking of a bone or cartilage.

97	0 0 Fracture Any break or rupture formed in an ice cover or floe due to deformation.

98	0 0 Fracture a crack, break, or shattering of the bone.

99	0 0 Fracture In hydrologic terms, any break or rupture formed in an ice cover or floe due to deformation.

100	0 0 Fracture the process of applying hydraulic pressure to an oil or gas bearing geological formation to crack the formation and stimulate the release of oil and gas.

101	0 0 Fracture Also called hydraulic fracturing, fracturing is the process whereby primarily shale rock is opened wider by injecting high-pressure water, chemicals, sand, or other proppants. The sand or other proppa [..]

102	0 0 Fracture A crack or surface of breakage within rock not related to foliation or cleavage in metamorphic rock along which there has been no movement. A fracture along which there has been displacement is a faul [..]

103	0 0 Fracture The process of applying hydraulic pressure to an oil or gas bearing geological formation to crack the formation and stimulate the release of oil and gas.

104	0 0 Fracture A crack or break in the rock.

105	0 0 Fracture A crack or crevice in a formation, either natural or induced.

106	0 0 Fracture Any break in rock along which no significant movement has occurred

107	0 0 Fracture The breaking of bone, resulting either from trauma (such as a fall) or because bone has become weakened from a condition such as osteoporosis. See also Osteoporosis.

108	0 0 Fracture A break in a bone.

109	0 0 Fracture A breakage of the distal tip of a projectile which is characterized by a missing portion of the tip and an elongate fracture scar extending along one face of the blade. Usually occurring during impact [..]

110	0 0 Fracture In hydrologic terms, any break or rupture formed in an ice cover or floe due to deformation.

111	0 0 Fracture Freiberg’s disease

112	0 0 Fracture Breach in continuity of a bone. Types of fractures include simple, compound, comminuted, greenstick, incomplete, impacted, longitudinal, oblique, open, stress or transverse.

113	0 0 Fracture A break in a rock formation as a result of structural stresses (e.g. faults, joints, shears). If they are open, fractures may provide pathways for fluid movement.

114	0 0 Fracture A bone break or crack.

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Strength[edit]

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