What does the word definition mean

A definition states the meaning of a word using other words. This is sometimes challenging. Common dictionaries contain lexical descriptive definitions, but there are various types of definition – all with different purposes and focuses.

A definition is a statement of the meaning of a term (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols).[1][2] Definitions can be classified into two large categories: intensional definitions (which try to give the sense of a term), and extensional definitions (which try to list the objects that a term describes).[3] Another important category of definitions is the class of ostensive definitions, which convey the meaning of a term by pointing out examples. A term may have many different senses and multiple meanings, and thus require multiple definitions.[4][a]

In mathematics, a definition is used to give a precise meaning to a new term, by describing a condition which unambiguously qualifies what a mathematical term is and is not. Definitions and axioms form the basis on which all of modern mathematics is to be constructed.[5]

Basic terminology

In modern usage, a definition is something, typically expressed in words, that attaches a meaning to a word or group of words. The word or group of words that is to be defined is called the definiendum, and the word, group of words, or action that defines it is called the definiens.[6] For example, in the definition «An elephant is a large gray animal native to Asia and Africa», the word «elephant» is the definiendum, and everything after the word «is» is the definiens.[7]

The definiens is not the meaning of the word defined, but is instead something that conveys the same meaning as that word.[7]

There are many sub-types of definitions, often specific to a given field of knowledge or study. These include, among many others, lexical definitions, or the common dictionary definitions of words already in a language; demonstrative definitions, which define something by pointing to an example of it («This,» [said while pointing to a large grey animal], «is an Asian elephant.»); and precising definitions, which reduce the vagueness of a word, typically in some special sense («‘Large’, among female Asian elephants, is any individual weighing over 5,500 pounds.»).[7]

Intensional definitions vs extensional definitions

An intensional definition, also called a connotative definition, specifies the necessary and sufficient conditions for a thing to be a member of a specific set.[3] Any definition that attempts to set out the essence of something, such as that by genus and differentia, is an intensional definition.

An extensional definition, also called a denotative definition, of a concept or term specifies its extension. It is a list naming every object that is a member of a specific set.[3]

Thus, the «seven deadly sins» can be defined intensionally as those singled out by Pope Gregory I as particularly destructive of the life of grace and charity within a person, thus creating the threat of eternal damnation. An extensional definition, on the other hand, would be the list of wrath, greed, sloth, pride, lust, envy, and gluttony. In contrast, while an intensional definition of «Prime Minister» might be «the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of parliamentary government», an extensional definition is not possible since it is not known who the future prime ministers will be (even though all prime ministers from the past and present can be listed).

Classes of intensional definitions

A genus–differentia definition is a type of intensional definition that takes a large category (the genus) and narrows it down to a smaller category by a distinguishing characteristic (i.e. the differentia).[8]

More formally, a genus–differentia definition consists of:

  1. a genus (or family): An existing definition that serves as a portion of the new definition; all definitions with the same genus are considered members of that genus.
  2. the differentia: The portion of the new definition that is not provided by the genus.[6]

For example, consider the following genus–differentia definitions:

  • a triangle: A plane figure that has three straight bounding sides.
  • a quadrilateral: A plane figure that has four straight bounding sides.

Those definitions can be expressed as a genus («a plane figure») and two differentiae («that has three straight bounding sides» and «that has four straight bounding sides», respectively).

It is also possible to have two different genus–differentia definitions that describe the same term, especially when the term describes the overlap of two large categories. For instance, both of these genus–differentia definitions of «square» are equally acceptable:

  • a square: a rectangle that is a rhombus.
  • a square: a rhombus that is a rectangle.

Thus, a «square» is a member of both genera (the plural of genus): the genus «rectangle» and the genus «rhombus».

Classes of extensional definitions

One important form of the extensional definition is ostensive definition. This gives the meaning of a term by pointing, in the case of an individual, to the thing itself, or in the case of a class, to examples of the right kind. For example, one can explain who Alice (an individual) is, by pointing her out to another; or what a rabbit (a class) is, by pointing at several and expecting another to understand. The process of ostensive definition itself was critically appraised by Ludwig Wittgenstein.[9]

An enumerative definition of a concept or a term is an extensional definition that gives an explicit and exhaustive listing of all the objects that fall under the concept or term in question. Enumerative definitions are only possible for finite sets (and in fact only practical for relatively small sets).

Divisio and partitio

Divisio and partitio are classical terms for definitions. A partitio is simply an intensional definition. A divisio is not an extensional definition, but an exhaustive list of subsets of a set, in the sense that every member of the «divided» set is a member of one of the subsets. An extreme form of divisio lists all sets whose only member is a member of the «divided» set. The difference between this and an extensional definition is that extensional definitions list members, and not subsets.[10]

Nominal definitions vs real definitions

In classical thought, a definition was taken to be a statement of the essence of a thing. Aristotle had it that an object’s essential attributes form its «essential nature», and that a definition of the object must include these essential attributes.[11]

The idea that a definition should state the essence of a thing led to the distinction between nominal and real essence—a distinction originating with Aristotle. In the Posterior Analytics,[12] he says that the meaning of a made-up name can be known (he gives the example «goat stag») without knowing what he calls the «essential nature» of the thing that the name would denote (if there were such a thing). This led medieval logicians to distinguish between what they called the quid nominis, or the «whatness of the name», and the underlying nature common to all the things it names, which they called the quid rei, or the «whatness of the thing».[13] The name «hobbit», for example, is perfectly meaningful. It has a quid nominis, but one could not know the real nature of hobbits, and so the quid rei of hobbits cannot be known. By contrast, the name «man» denotes real things (men) that have a certain quid rei. The meaning of a name is distinct from the nature that a thing must have in order that the name apply to it.

This leads to a corresponding distinction between nominal and real definitions. A nominal definition is the definition explaining what a word means (i.e., which says what the «nominal essence» is), and is definition in the classical sense as given above. A real definition, by contrast, is one expressing the real nature or quid rei of the thing.

This preoccupation with essence dissipated in much of modern philosophy. Analytic philosophy, in particular, is critical of attempts to elucidate the essence of a thing. Russell described essence as «a hopelessly muddle-headed notion».[14]

More recently Kripke’s formalisation of possible world semantics in modal logic led to a new approach to essentialism. Insofar as the essential properties of a thing are necessary to it, they are those things that it possesses in all possible worlds. Kripke refers to names used in this way as rigid designators.

Operational vs. theoretical definitions

A definition may also be classified as an operational definition or theoretical definition.

Terms with multiple definitions

Homonyms

A homonym is, in the strict sense, one of a group of words that share the same spelling and pronunciation but have different meanings.[15] Thus homonyms are simultaneously homographs (words that share the same spelling, regardless of their pronunciation) and homophones (words that share the same pronunciation, regardless of their spelling). The state of being a homonym is called homonymy. Examples of homonyms are the pair stalk (part of a plant) and stalk (follow/harass a person) and the pair left (past tense of leave) and left (opposite of right). A distinction is sometimes made between «true» homonyms, which are unrelated in origin, such as skate (glide on ice) and skate (the fish), and polysemous homonyms, or polysemes, which have a shared origin, such as mouth (of a river) and mouth (of an animal).[16][17]

Polysemes

Polysemy is the capacity for a sign (such as a word, phrase, or symbol) to have multiple meanings (that is, multiple semes or sememes and thus multiple senses), usually related by contiguity of meaning within a semantic field. It is thus usually regarded as distinct from homonymy, in which the multiple meanings of a word may be unconnected or unrelated.

In logic and mathematics

In mathematics, definitions are generally not used to describe existing terms, but to describe or characterize a concept.[18] For naming the object of a definition mathematicians can use either a neologism (this was mainly the case in the past) or words or phrases of the common language (this is generally the case in modern mathematics). The precise meaning of a term given by a mathematical definition is often different from the English definition of the word used,[19] which can lead to confusion, particularly when the meanings are close. For example a set is not exactly the same thing in mathematics and in common language. In some case, the word used can be misleading; for example, a real number has nothing more (or less) real than an imaginary number. Frequently, a definition uses a phrase built with common English words, which has no meaning outside mathematics, such as primitive group or irreducible variety.

In first-order logic definitions are usually introduced using extension by definition (so using a metalogic). On the other hand, lambda-calculi are a kind of logic where the definitions are included as the feature of the formal system itself.

Classification

Authors have used different terms to classify definitions used in formal languages like mathematics. Norman Swartz classifies a definition as «stipulative» if it is intended to guide a specific discussion. A stipulative definition might be considered a temporary, working definition, and can only be disproved by showing a logical contradiction.[20] In contrast, a «descriptive» definition can be shown to be «right» or «wrong» with reference to general usage.

Swartz defines a precising definition as one that extends the descriptive dictionary definition (lexical definition) for a specific purpose by including additional criteria. A precising definition narrows the set of things that meet the definition.

C.L. Stevenson has identified persuasive definition as a form of stipulative definition which purports to state the «true» or «commonly accepted» meaning of a term, while in reality stipulating an altered use (perhaps as an argument for some specific belief). Stevenson has also noted that some definitions are «legal» or «coercive» – their object is to create or alter rights, duties, or crimes.[21]

Recursive definitions

A recursive definition, sometimes also called an inductive definition, is one that defines a word in terms of itself, so to speak, albeit in a useful way. Normally this consists of three steps:

  1. At least one thing is stated to be a member of the set being defined; this is sometimes called a «base set».
  2. All things bearing a certain relation to other members of the set are also to count as members of the set. It is this step that makes the definition recursive.
  3. All other things are excluded from the set

For instance, we could define a natural number as follows (after Peano):

  1. «0» is a natural number.
  2. Each natural number has a unique successor, such that:
    • the successor of a natural number is also a natural number;
    • distinct natural numbers have distinct successors;
    • no natural number is succeeded by «0».
  3. Nothing else is a natural number.

So «0» will have exactly one successor, which for convenience can be called «1». In turn, «1» will have exactly one successor, which could be called «2», and so on. Notice that the second condition in the definition itself refers to natural numbers, and hence involves self-reference. Although this sort of definition involves a form of circularity, it is not vicious, and the definition has been quite successful.

In the same way, we can define ancestor as follows:

  1. A parent is an ancestor.
  2. A parent of an ancestor is an ancestor.
  3. Nothing else is an ancestor.

Or simply: an ancestor is a parent or a parent of an ancestor.

In medicine

In medical dictionaries, guidelines and other consensus statements and classifications, definitions should as far as possible be:

  • simple and easy to understand,[22] preferably even by the general public;[23]
  • useful clinically[23] or in related areas where the definition will be used;[22]
  • specific[22] (that is, by reading the definition only, it should ideally not be possible to refer to any other entity than that being defined);
  • measurable;[22]
  • a reflection of current scientific knowledge.[22][23]

Problems

Certain rules have traditionally been given for definitions (in particular, genus-differentia definitions).[24][25][26][27]

  1. A definition must set out the essential attributes of the thing defined.
  2. Definitions should avoid circularity. To define a horse as «a member of the species equus» would convey no information whatsoever. For this reason, Locke adds that a definition of a term must not consist of terms which are synonymous with it. This would be a circular definition, a circulus in definiendo. Note, however, that it is acceptable to define two relative terms in respect of each other. Clearly, we cannot define «antecedent» without using the term «consequent», nor conversely.
  3. The definition must not be too wide or too narrow. It must be applicable to everything to which the defined term applies (i.e. not miss anything out), and to nothing else (i.e. not include any things to which the defined term would not truly apply).
  4. The definition must not be obscure. The purpose of a definition is to explain the meaning of a term which may be obscure or difficult, by the use of terms that are commonly understood and whose meaning is clear. The violation of this rule is known by the Latin term obscurum per obscurius. However, sometimes scientific and philosophical terms are difficult to define without obscurity.
  5. A definition should not be negative where it can be positive. We should not define «wisdom» as the absence of folly, or a healthy thing as whatever is not sick. Sometimes this is unavoidable, however. For example, it appears difficult to define blindness in positive terms rather than as «the absence of sight in a creature that is normally sighted».

Fallacies of definition

Limitations of definition

Given that a natural language such as English contains, at any given time, a finite number of words, any comprehensive list of definitions must either be circular or rely upon primitive notions. If every term of every definiens must itself be defined, «where at last should we stop?»[28][29] A dictionary, for instance, insofar as it is a comprehensive list of lexical definitions, must resort to circularity.[30][31][32]

Many philosophers have chosen instead to leave some terms undefined. The scholastic philosophers claimed that the highest genera (called the ten generalissima) cannot be defined, since a higher genus cannot be assigned under which they may fall. Thus being, unity and similar concepts cannot be defined.[25] Locke supposes in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding[33] that the names of simple concepts do not admit of any definition. More recently Bertrand Russell sought to develop a formal language based on logical atoms. Other philosophers, notably Wittgenstein, rejected the need for any undefined simples. Wittgenstein pointed out in his Philosophical Investigations that what counts as a «simple» in one circumstance might not do so in another.[34] He rejected the very idea that every explanation of the meaning of a term needed itself to be explained: «As though an explanation hung in the air unless supported by another one»,[35] claiming instead that explanation of a term is only needed to avoid misunderstanding.

Locke and Mill also argued that individuals cannot be defined. Names are learned by connecting an idea with a sound, so that speaker and hearer have the same idea when the same word is used.[36] This is not possible when no one else is acquainted with the particular thing that has «fallen under our notice».[37] Russell offered his theory of descriptions in part as a way of defining a proper name, the definition being given by a definite description that «picks out» exactly one individual. Saul Kripke pointed to difficulties with this approach, especially in relation to modality, in his book Naming and Necessity.

There is a presumption in the classic example of a definition that the definiens can be stated. Wittgenstein argued that for some terms this is not the case.[38] The examples he used include game, number and family. In such cases, he argued, there is no fixed boundary that can be used to provide a definition. Rather, the items are grouped together because of a family resemblance. For terms such as these it is not possible and indeed not necessary to state a definition; rather, one simply comes to understand the use of the term.[b]

See also

  • Analytic proposition
  • Circular definition
  • Definable set
  • Definitionism
  • Extensional definition
  • Fallacies of definition
  • Indeterminacy
  • Intensional definition
  • Lexical definition
  • Operational definition
  • Ostensive definition
  • Ramsey–Lewis method
  • Semantics
  • Synthetic proposition
  • Theoretical definition

Notes

  1. ^ Terms with the same pronunciation and spelling but unrelated meanings are called homonyms, while terms with the same spelling and pronunciation and related meanings are called polysemes.
  2. ^ Note that one learns inductively, from ostensive definition, in the same way, as in the Ramsey–Lewis method.

References

  1. ^ Bickenbach, Jerome E., and Jacqueline M. Davies. Good reasons for better arguments: An introduction to the skills and values of critical thinking. Broadview Press, 1996. p. 49
  2. ^ «Definition of definition | Dictionary.com». www.dictionary.com. Retrieved 2019-11-28.
  3. ^ a b c Lyons, John. «Semantics, vol. I.» Cambridge: Cambridge (1977). p.158 and on.
  4. ^ Dooly, Melinda. Semantics and Pragmatics of English: Teaching English as a Foreign Language. Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona, 2006. p.48 and on
  5. ^ Richard J. Rossi
    (2011) Theorems, Corollaries, Lemmas, and Methods of Proof. John Wiley & Sons p.4
  6. ^ a b «DEFINITIONS». beisecker.faculty.unlv.edu. Retrieved 2019-11-28.
  7. ^ a b c Hurley, Patrick J. (2006). «Language: Meaning and Definition». A Concise Introduction to Logic (9 ed.). Wadsworth. pp. 86–91.
  8. ^ Bussler, Christoph, and Dieter Fensel, eds. Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems and Applications: 11th International Conference, AIMSA 2004: Proceedings. Springer-Verlag, 2004. p.6
  9. ^ Philosophical investigations, Part 1 §27–34
  10. ^ Katerina Ierodiakonou, «The Stoic Division of Philosophy», in Phronesis: A Journal for Ancient Philosophy, Volume 38, Number 1, 1993, pp. 57–74.
  11. ^ Posterior Analytics, Bk 1 c. 4
  12. ^ Posterior Analytics Bk 2 c. 7
  13. ^ . Early modern philosophers like Locke used the corresponding English terms «nominal essence» and «real essence».
  14. ^ A History of Western Philosophy, p. 210.
  15. ^ homonym, Random House Unabridged Dictionary at dictionary.com
  16. ^ «Linguistics 201: Study Sheet for Semantics». Pandora.cii.wwu.edu. Archived from the original on 2013-06-17. Retrieved 2013-04-23.
  17. ^ Semantics: a coursebook, p. 123, James R. Hurford and Brendan Heasley, Cambridge University Press, 1983
  18. ^ David Hunter (2010) Essentials of Discrete Mathematics. Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Section 14.1
  19. ^ Kevin Houston (2009) How to Think Like a Mathematician: A Companion to Undergraduate Mathematics. Cambridge University Press, p. 104
  20. ^ «Norman Swartz — Biography». sfu.ca.
  21. ^ Stevenson, C.L., Ethics and Language, Connecticut 1944
  22. ^ a b c d e McPherson, M.; Arango, P.; Fox, H.; Lauver, C.; McManus, M.; Newacheck, P. W.; Perrin, J. M.; Shonkoff, J. P.; Strickland, B. (1998). «A new definition of children with special health care needs». Pediatrics. 102 (1 Pt 1): 137–140. doi:10.1542/peds.102.1.137. PMID 9714637. S2CID 30160426.
  23. ^ a b c Morse, R. M.; Flavin, D. K. (1992). «The Definition of Alcoholism». JAMA. 268 (8): 1012–1014. doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03490080086030. PMID 1501306.
  24. ^ Copi 1982 pp 165–169
  25. ^ a b Joyce, Ch. X
  26. ^ Joseph, Ch. V
  27. ^ Macagno & Walton 2014, Ch. III
  28. ^ Locke, Essay, Bk. III, Ch. iv, 5
  29. ^ This problem parallels the diallelus, but leads to scepticism about meaning rather than knowledge.
  30. ^ Generally lexicographers seek to avoid circularity wherever possible, but the definitions of words such as «the» and «a» use those words and are therefore circular. [1] [2] Lexicographer Sidney I. Landau’s essay «Sexual Intercourse in American College Dictionaries» provides other examples of circularity in dictionary definitions. (McKean, p. 73–77)
  31. ^ An exercise suggested by J. L. Austin involved taking up a dictionary and finding a selection of terms relating to the key concept, then looking up each of the words in the explanation of their meaning. Then, iterating this process until the list of words begins to repeat, closing in a «family circle» of words relating to the key concept.
    (A plea for excuses in Philosophical Papers. Ed. J. O. Urmson and G. J. Warnock. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1961. 1979.)
  32. ^ In the game of Vish, players compete to find circularity in a dictionary.
  33. ^ Locke, Essay, Bk. III, Ch. iv
  34. ^ See especially Philosophical Investigations Part 1 §48
  35. ^ He continues: «Whereas an explanation may indeed rest on another one that has been given, but none stands in need of another – unless we require it to prevent a misunderstanding. One might say: an explanation serves to remove or to avert a misunderstanding – one, that is, that would occur but for the explanation; not every one I can imagine.» Philosophical Investigations, Part 1 §87, italics in original
  36. ^ This theory of meaning is one of the targets of the private language argument
  37. ^ Locke, Essay, Bk. III, Ch. iii, 3
  38. ^ Philosophical Investigations
  • Copi, Irving (1982). Introduction to Logic. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 0-02-977520-5.
  • Joseph, Horace William Brindley (1916). An Introduction to Logic, 2nd edition. Clarendon Press repr. Paper Tiger. ISBN 1-889439-17-7. (full text of 1st ed. (1906))
  • Joyce, George Hayward (1926). Principles of logic, 3d ed., new impression. London, New York: Longmans, Green and co. (worldcat) (full text of 2nd ed. (1916))
  • Locke, John (1690). An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. ISBN 0-14-043482-8. (full text: vol 1, vol 2)
  • McKean, Erin (2001). Verbatim: From the bawdy to the sublime, the best writing on language for word lovers, grammar mavens, and armchair linguists. Harvest Books. ISBN 0-15-601209-X.
  • Macagno, Fabrizio; Walton, Douglas (2014). Emotive Language in Argumentation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Robinson, Richard (1954). Definition. Oxford: At The Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-824160-7.
  • Simpson, John; Edmund Weiner (1989). Oxford English Dictionary, second edition (20 volumes). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-861186-2.
  • Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1953). Philosophical Investigations. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-23127-7.

External links

Look up definition in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

  • Definitions, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Gupta, Anil (2008)
  • Definitions, Dictionaries, and Meanings, Norman Swartz 1997
  • Guy Longworth (ca. 2008) «Definitions: Uses and Varieties of». = in: K. Brown (ed.): Elsevier Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Elsevier.
  • Definition and Meaning, a very short introduction by Garth Kemerling (2001).

The definition of ˜definition™ for Protothetic run to 18 separate complex clauses, and in Ontology, which adds a second style of definition, another 18 clauses. ❋ Simons, Peter (2007)

By that definition, a manifesto is suspect as a *definition* of the community. ❋ Torill (2005)

Apple’s definition of the design phase, is that it consists of four sub phases focusing on … becoming familiar with the device and the context in which it is used, product definition*, design & prototype on paper, polish & refine to develop an application with a fantastic user experience. ❋ Unknown (2009)

In order to be an “air pollutant” under the Act’s definition, the “substance or matter being emitted into . . . the ambient air” must also meet the first half of the definition’€”namely, it must be an “air pollution agent or combination of such agents.” ❋ Unknown (2007)

Love GOD and Love your neighbor (which in definition is anyone believer and not)! ❋ Unknown (2009)

The median price differs in definition from the mean home price, which is the average of all home prices. ❋ Unknown (2003)

That will get the word definition down in Google search results. ❋ Digg (2011)

Because my definition is the deregulation of wallstreet that permitted Goldman and a bunch of other institutions to create risk baskets selling mortgages that should never have been issued. ❋ Unknown (2010)

Usually, this definition is associated with children. ❋ Levi Ben-Shmuel (2010)

Contrary to this definition is the grand (delusional) idea that the ICC will bring the law to international relations in general, including the relations between the great powers. ❋ Unknown (2010)

My definition is the StatsCan definition, which is also the commonly understanding in Canada. ❋ Unknown (2010)

Your definition is the number of units of housing that is vacant and available for someone moving to the area to occupy. ❋ Unknown (2010)

ÂImplied in this definition is the assumption of an intervening entity (i.e. designer). ❋ Unknown (2009)

Implied in this definition is the assumption of an intervening entity (i.e. designer). ❋ Unknown (2009)

No matter how one defines paradise, I feel that part of the definition is the wish for paradise to endure. ❋ Unknown (2009)

However, I think going without a definition is actually better. ❋ Unknown (2008)

Also implied in the definition is the more components that make up the core of the IC system, the greater the complexity. ❋ Unknown (2008)

Why do you get to decide what the definition is and why is it ridiculous that Palin expect Gibson’s clarification? ❋ Unknown (2008)

[the definition] for a definition is a definition ❋ Menyae Shoemaker (2009)

Can anyone [place] a definition here for the [amazingly] [stupid]? ❋ Bulletproof Marshmallow (2003)

I [defined] «definition.» I gave the [meaning] of [the word] «definition ❋ Eyeballflyball (2003)

[Ran]: to have run.
Pain: Strong, [sharp] physical [discomfort] ❋ Xavier Breath (2005)

I’m a [dork] for writing a [defintion] of definition, as you are also a dork for [reading] this defintion of defintion. ❋ Papermachete (2005)

John:»[My definition] didn’t get published.»
Dave:»I know! Mine was perfectly [fucking fine].»
John:»They won’t [accept this] one I bet.» ❋ Fuckiswrongwiththeditorshere (2020)

[I need] a definition for [Rule #34]. ❋ DOGUNIVERSE432 (2017)

Q: [What is] [the definition of definition]?
A: [The definition] of a word ❋ Sherlock Of The Creek (2003)

I have ([I think]) just [given] a [definition of definition]. ❋ Claude Money (2003)

Lawwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwd, lawd have mercy
All nice and decent crew, follow me now, we say
Say Hi-Tek yes you’re ruling hip-hop
Say J. [Rawls] yes you’re ruling hip-hop
Redefinition say you’re ruling hip-hop
Say [Black Star] come to [rock it] non… ❋ Thomas Jefferson The Prez (2010)

определение, четкость, описание, резкость, точность, ясность

существительное

- определение, дефиниция; толкование

clear definition — ясное определение
the definition of the term — определение термина
problem definition — постановка задачи, формулировка задачи
to give a definition — дать определение
actions that fall under the definition of murder — действия, которые квалифицируются как убийство

- ясность, чёткость; определённость

an emotion beyond definition — неясное /неосознанное/ чувство

- радио ясная слышимость, отсутствие помех
- фото, тлв. чёткость, резкость изображения

negative with fine definition — чёткий негатив
bad definition — нечёткость изображения

Мои примеры

Словосочетания

a monitor with good definition and vibrant colors — монитор с хорошим разрешением и яркими цветами  
the definition of God as infinite — определение бога как Бесконечности  
complete definition — полное определение  
a formulaic definition — стандартное определение  
a referential definition — определение-ссылка  
a synonym definition — определение через синоним  
a persuasive definition — стимулирующее, побуждающее определение  
to formulate / give / provide / write a definition — дать определение  
definition by analysis — определение путём анализа  
dual definition — двойственное определение  
heuristic definition — эвристическое определение  
negative definition — отрицательное определение  

Примеры с переводом

There are many definitions of the word ‘feminism’.

Существует множество определений слова «феминизм».

A week of fishing is my definition of a vacation.

Неделя рыбалки — это мое представление об отдыхе.

There is no generally accepted definition of life.

Общепринятого определения жизни не существует.

Real definition provides a statement of the nature or essence of a thing.

Реальное определение описывает предмет через его существенные свойства.

What is the legal definition of a corporation?

Каково юридическое определение корпорации?

Exercise had given his muscles superior definition.

Благодаря тренировкам, его мышцы были прекрасно очерчены.

People say that students are by definition idealistic and impatient.

Говорят, что студенты по определению идеалистичны и нетерпеливы.

Not only is Ellen Byrne a chocolatier, but she takes the definition of artisan to a higher level.

Эллен Бирн не только является шоколатье, но и выводит определение ремесленника на более высокий уровень.

Примеры, ожидающие перевода

The definition provides the word’s denotation.

…a supreme being is a being that, by definition, has no causality of its own…

…the enormous difference in real estate between a high-definition disk and one in standard definition…

Для того чтобы добавить вариант перевода, кликните по иконке , напротив примера.

Возможные однокоренные слова

Формы слова

noun
ед. ч.(singular): definition
мн. ч.(plural): definitions

Princeton’s WordNetRate this definition:3.7 / 28 votes

  1. definitionnoun

    a concise explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol

  2. definitionnoun

    clarity of outline

    «exercise had given his muscles superior definition»

WiktionaryRate this definition:3.7 / 14 votes

  1. definitionnoun

    A statement of the meaning of a word or word group or a sign or symbol (dictionary definitions).

  2. definitionnoun

    A statement expressing the essential nature of something; formulation

  3. definitionnoun

    The action or process of defining.

  4. definitionnoun

    The act of defining; determination of the limits.

  5. definitionnoun

    A product of defining.

  6. definitionnoun

    The action or power of describing, explaining, or making definite and clear.

    Her comic genius is beyond definition.

  7. definitionnoun

    Clarity of visual presentation, distinctness of outline or detail.

  8. definitionnoun

    Clarity, especially of musical sound in reproduction.

  9. definitionnoun

    Sharp demarcation of outlines or limits.

    A jacket with distinct waist definition.

  10. definitionnoun

    The degree to which individual muscles are distinct on the body.

  11. definitionnoun

    A statement which provides a previous delcaration with a value or body of a subroutine (in the case of function).

  12. Etymology: From diffinicioun, from definition, from dēfīnītiō, from dēfīniō.

Samuel Johnson’s DictionaryRate this definition:0.0 / 0 votes

  1. Definitionnoun

    Etymology: definitio, Latin; definition, French.

    1. A short description of a thing by its properties.

    I drew my definition of poetical wit from my particular consideration of him; for propriety of thoughts and words are only to be found in him; and, where they are proper, they will be delightful.
    Dryden.

    2. Decision; determination.3. [In logick.] The explication of the essence of a thing by its kind and difference.

    What is man? Not a reasonable animal merely; for that is not an adequate and distinguishing definition.
    Richard Bentley, Serm.

WikipediaRate this definition:5.0 / 1 vote

  1. Definition

    A definition is a statement of the meaning of a term (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols). Definitions can be classified into two large categories, intensional definitions (which try to give the sense of a term) and extensional definitions (which try to list the objects that a term describes). Another important category of definitions is the class of ostensive definitions, which convey the meaning of a term by pointing out examples. A term may have many different senses and multiple meanings, and thus require multiple definitions.In mathematics, a definition is used to give a precise meaning to a new term, by describing a condition which unambiguously qualifies what a mathematical term is and is not. Definitions and axioms form the basis on which all of modern mathematics is to be constructed.

Webster DictionaryRate this definition:5.0 / 1 vote

  1. Definitionnoun

    the act of defining; determination of the limits; as, a telescope accurate in definition

  2. Definitionnoun

    act of ascertaining and explaining the signification; a description of a thing by its properties; an explanation of the meaning of a word or term; as, the definition of «circle;» the definition of «wit;» an exact definition; a loose definition

  3. Definitionnoun

    description; sort

  4. Definitionnoun

    an exact enunciation of the constituents which make up the logical essence

  5. Definitionnoun

    distinctness or clearness, as of an image formed by an optical instrument; precision in detail

FreebaseRate this definition:2.6 / 5 votes

  1. Definition

    A definition is a statement that explains the meaning of a term. The term to be defined is the definiendum. The term may have many different senses and multiple meanings. For each meaning, a definiens is a cluster of words that defines that term. As an example: To successfully define the word «Vegan», the definiendum must be given a definiens.
    A definition will vary in aspects like precision or popularity. There are also different types of definitions with different purposes and focuses.
    A chief difficulty in the management of definitions is the necessity of using other terms that are already understood or whose definitions are easily obtainable or demonstrable.
    A dictionary definition typically contains additional details about a word, such as an etymology and the language or languages of its origin, or obsolete meanings.

Editors ContributionRate this definition:2.0 / 2 votes

  1. definition

    To define or express the meaning of a word, term, creation, sign or symbol.

    Definition is so important when it comes to a dictionary or the gift of lexicography.

    Submitted by MaryC on January 27, 2020  

Matched Categories

    • Distinctness
    • Explanation

British National Corpus

  1. Spoken Corpus Frequency

    Rank popularity for the word ‘definition’ in Spoken Corpus Frequency: #2163

  2. Written Corpus Frequency

    Rank popularity for the word ‘definition’ in Written Corpus Frequency: #2390

  3. Nouns Frequency

    Rank popularity for the word ‘definition’ in Nouns Frequency: #760

How to pronounce definition?

How to say definition in sign language?

Numerology

  1. Chaldean Numerology

    The numerical value of definition in Chaldean Numerology is: 5

  2. Pythagorean Numerology

    The numerical value of definition in Pythagorean Numerology is: 6

Examples of definition in a Sentence

  1. One South Korean official:

    It’s a substantial set of facilities on a single property, and it is important to be very precise about that. And the North Koreans struggled to give us a precise definition of what that was.

  2. Jake Tapper:

    I couldn’t be more excited about this election season and the new platform I will have at CNN to cover it, ‘State Of The Union’ has a rich tradition and I hope to not only build on its history but expand the definition of what a Sunday show can be.

  3. Bob McCann:

    Historically, individual investors define risk as, ‘How much volatility can I live with in my portfolio?’ the definition has changed to, ‘How much money can I afford to lose permanently?’.

  4. Phillips Brooks:

    A prayer in its simplest definition is merely a wish turned Godward.

  5. Ritchie Torres:

    I came to observe that there are activists who have a visceral hatred for Israel as though it were the root of all evil, the act of singling out Israel as BDS [the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement] has done is the definition of discrimination.

Popularity rank by frequency of use


Translations for definition

From our Multilingual Translation Dictionary

  • تعريف, تَعْرِيْفArabic
  • билдәләмәBashkir
  • дэфіні́цыя, вызначэ́нне, азначэ́ннеBelarusian
  • определе́ние, я́сност, дефини́ция, определя́не, ря́зкост, раздели́телна спосо́бностBulgarian
  • definicióCatalan, Valencian
  • definiceCzech
  • opløsning, definition, gengivelse, opløsningsevneDanish
  • Konturentreue, Trennschärfe, Schärfe, Begriffserklärung, Scharfzeichnung, Definierung, Definition, PräzisionGerman
  • ορισμόςGreek
  • difinoEsperanto
  • definiciónSpanish
  • تعریفPersian
  • tarkkuus, määritelmä, kirkkaus, määrittely, erottuvuus, erottelukyky, rajausFinnish
  • définitionFrench
  • gléineIrish
  • comharrachadh, sònrachadhScottish Gaelic
  • definiciónGalician
  • הגדרהHebrew
  • परिभाषाHindi
  • definisyonHaitian Creole
  • meghatározásHungarian
  • definisiIndonesian
  • definitezza, il definire, livello di definizione, definizioneItalian
  • 定義, 語義Japanese
  • និយមន័យKhmer
  • 정의, 定義Korean
  • پێناسه‌Kurdish
  • definitionLatin
  • definicija, apibrėžimasLithuanian
  • дефини́цијаMacedonian
  • definiëring, definitie, omschrijving, scherpteDutch
  • definicjaPolish
  • nitidez, descritibilidade, definição, delineação, clarezaPortuguese
  • forță de definire, definire, definiție, [[grad]] [[de]] [[definire]]Romanian
  • чёткость, определе́ние, ре́зкость, разреше́ние, дефини́ция, я́сность, объясне́ниеRussian
  • definicija, дефиницијаSerbo-Croatian
  • definíciaSlovak
  • definicijaSlovene
  • definition, upplösning, definierandeSwedish
  • வரையறைTamil
  • คำนิยามThai
  • kahuluganTagalog
  • билгеләмәTatar
  • ви́значення, дефіні́ція, озна́ченняUkrainian
  • 定義, định nghĩaVietnamese
  • 定義Chinese

Get even more translations for definition »

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1

a

: a statement of the meaning of a word or word group or a sign or symbol

b

: a statement expressing the essential nature of something

c

: a product of defining

2

: the action or process of stating the meaning of a word or word group

3

a

: the action or the power of describing, explaining, or making definite and clear

the definition of a telescope

her comic genius is beyond definition

b(1)

: clarity of visual presentation : distinctness of outline or detail

improve the definition of an image

(2)

: clarity especially of musical sound in reproduction

c

: sharp demarcation of outlines or limits

a jacket with distinct waist definition

4

: an act of determining

specifically

: the formal proclamation of a Roman Catholic dogma

Synonyms

Example Sentences

For the last eight years or so, I’ve been watching the evolution of bikes made for women. At the beginning of that time, there were a small number of women’s bikes available, most offered with low-end, sometimes no-name, spec, as if by definition all women riders were beginners.


Christine Bucher, Bicycling, March 2008


Not only is Ellen Byrne a chocolatier, but she takes the definition of artisan to a higher level.


Amy Johansson, Chocolatier, February/March 2006


One kind of poverty is that of the imagination—the inability to envision a future truly different from the present. Jasmine had long judged people based on whether or not they gave her food and clothing, but, as she watched Carolyn and Gus and other families, she found herself mulling different gauges of worth. She’d been working lately on a definition of love.


Katherine Boo, New Yorker, 28 Nov. 2005


Ideology thus provides definition of both systemic reality and values: it provides a set of preconceptions of what is and of what ought to be.


Warren J. Samuels, Modern Economic Thought, (1977) 1993



What is the legal definition of a corporation?



A week of fishing is my definition of a vacation.



a monitor with good definition and vibrant colors

See More

Recent Examples on the Web

Collage: The Verge And yet, to point all this out seems like pedantry because the image undeniably looks real — for a certain definition of real, anyway.


James Vincent, The Verge, 27 Mar. 2023





Some states have a narrow definition, passing laws that ban anything with more than 10 rounds.


Todd C. Frankel, Washington Post, 27 Mar. 2023





This intra-Latino controversy is yet another example of how impossible a precise definition of Latino identity has become.


Geraldo Cadava, The New Yorker, 25 Mar. 2023





But that’s only according to one definition of a bomb cyclone, where the pressure of a low-pressure system around 40 degrees latitude needs to drop by 17 millibars in under 24 hours.


Gerry Díaz, San Francisco Chronicle, 21 Mar. 2023





Any suitable general definition must thus fulfill two disparate ends.


WIRED, 21 Mar. 2023





Best Hair Gel Odele Flex Hair Gel $12 at odelebeauty.com This medium-hold gel can give curls and waves definition or slick your hair for classic styles without crunchiness and won’t flake onto your shoulders as the day goes on.


Garrett Munce, Men’s Health, 21 Mar. 2023





The disorder may happen when someone close to the bereaved person died at least 12 months earlier, or at least six months earlier for children and adolescents, according to the definition of the disorder.


Stephanie Innes, The Arizona Republic, 20 Mar. 2023





The 2022 roster comprised 34 U.S. banks, and included all the regionals under the Fed’s definition of assets over $100 billion.


Shawn Tully, Fortune, 20 Mar. 2023



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These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word ‘definition.’ Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Etymology

Middle English diffinicioun, borrowed from Anglo-French diffiniciun, definiciun, borrowed from Latin dēfīnītiōn-, dēfīnītiō «fixing of a boundary, precise description,» from dēfīnīre «to mark the limits of, determine, define» + -tiōn-, -tiō, suffix of verbal action

First Known Use

14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 4

Time Traveler

The first known use of definition was
in the 14th century

Dictionary Entries Near definition

Cite this Entry

“Definition.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/definition. Accessed 14 Apr. 2023.

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30 Mar 2023
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