What does the word court mean - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

A court is any person or institution, often as a government institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.^[1] In both common law and civil law legal systems, courts are the central means for dispute resolution, and it is generally understood that all people have an ability to bring their claims before a court. Similarly, the rights of those accused of a crime include the right to present a defense before a court.

The system of courts that interprets and applies the law is collectively known as the judiciary. The place where a court sits is known as a venue. The room where court proceedings occur is known as a courtroom, and the building as a courthouse; court facilities range from simple and very small facilities in rural communities to large complex facilities in urban communities.

The practical authority given to the court is known as its jurisdiction (from Latin iūrisdictiō, from iūris, «of the law,» + dīcō, «to declare,» + -tiō, noun-forming suffix), the court’s power to decide certain kinds of questions or petitions put to it. According to William Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England, a court (for civil wrongs) is constituted by a minimum of three parties: the āctor or plaintiff, who complains of an injury done; the reus or defendant, who is called upon to make satisfaction for it; and the jūdex or judicial power, who is to examine the truth of the fact, determine the law arising upon that fact, and, if any injury appears to have been done, ascertain and by its officers apply a legal remedy. It is also usual in the superior courts to have barristers, and attorneys or counsel, as assistants,^[2] though, often, courts consist of additional barristers, bailiffs, reporters, and perhaps a jury.

The term «the court» is also used to refer to the presiding officer or officials, usually one or more judges. The judge or panel of judges may also be collectively referred to as «the bench» (in contrast to attorneys and barristers, collectively referred to as «the bar»).^[3]

In the United States, the legal authority of a court to take action is based on personal jurisdiction over the parties to the litigation and subject-matter jurisdiction over the claims asserted.

EtymologyEdit

The word court comes from the French cour, an enclosed yard, which derives from the Latin form cōrtem, the accusative case of cohors, which again means an enclosed yard or the occupants of such a yard. The English word court is a thus a descendant of the Latin word hortus from Ancient Greek χόρτος (khórtos) (meaning «garden», hence horticulture and orchard), both referring to an enclosed space.^[4]

The meaning of a judicial assembly is first attested in the 12th century, and derives from the earlier usage to designate a sovereign and his entourage, which met to adjudicate disputes in such an enclosed yard. The verb «to court», meaning to win favor, derives from the same source since people traveled to the sovereign’s court to win his favor.^[4]^[5]

JurisdictionEdit

Jurisdiction is defined as the official authority to make legal decisions and judgements over a person or material item within a territory.^[6]

«Whether a given court has jurisdiction to preside over a given case» is a key question in any legal action.^[7] Three basic components of jurisdiction are personal jurisdiction over an individual or thing (rēs), jurisdiction over the particular subject matter (subject-matter jurisdiction) and territorial jurisdiction.^[7] Jurisdiction over a person refers to the full authority over a person regardless of where they live, jurisdiction over a particular subject matter refers to the authority over the said subject of legal cases involved in a case, and lastly territorial jurisdiction is the authority over a person within an x amount of space.

Other concepts of jurisdiction include general, exclusive, appellate, and (in the United States federal courts) diversity jurisdiction.^[7]

Trial and appellate courtsEdit

Trial courts are courts that hold trials. Sometimes termed «courts of first instance», trial courts have varying original jurisdiction. Trial courts may conduct trials with juries as the finders of fact (these are known as jury trials) or trials in which judges act as both finders of fact and finders of law (in some jurisdictions these are known as bench trials). Juries are less common in court systems outside the Anglo-American common law tradition.

Appellate courts are courts that hear appeals of lower courts and trial courts.

Some courts, such as the Crown Court in England and Wales, may have both trial and appellate jurisdictions.

Civil law courts and common law courtsEdit

The two major legal traditions of the western world are the civil law courts and the common law courts. These two great legal traditions are similar, in that they are products of western culture, although there are significant differences between the two traditions. Civil law courts are profoundly based upon Roman law, specifically a civil body of law entitled Corpus Juris Civilis.^[8] This theory of civil law was rediscovered around the end of the eleventh century and became a foundation for university legal education starting in Bologna, Italy and subsequently being taught throughout continental European universities.^[8]

Civil law is firmly ensconced in the French and German legal systems. Common law courts were established by English royal judges of the King’s Council after the Norman Invasion of Britain in 1066.^[9] The royal judges created a body of law by combining local customs they were made aware of through traveling and visiting local jurisdictions.^[9] This common standard of law became known as «Common Law». This legal tradition is practiced in the English and American legal systems. In most civil law jurisdictions, courts function under an inquisitorial system. In the common law system, most courts follow the adversarial system. Procedural law governs the rules by which courts operate: civil procedure for private disputes (for example); and criminal procedure for violation of the criminal law. In recent years, international courts are being created to resolve matters not covered by the jurisdiction of national courts. For example, the International Criminal Court, based in The Hague, in the Netherlands, or the Court of Permanent Lok Adalat (Public Utility Services), based in India.

Court television showsEdit

Television show courts, which are not part of the judicial system and are generally private arbitrators, are depicted within the court show genre; however, the courts depicted have been criticized as misrepresenting real-life courts of law and the true nature of the legal system.^[10] Notable court shows include:

Ace Attorney
Adaalat
Caso Cerrado
Eye for an Eye
Judge Alex
Judge Joe Brown
Judge Judy
Judge Mathis
Judge Rinder
Paternity Court
The People’s Court

International courtsEdit

International judicial institution
International Court of Justice
International Criminal Court
International Court of Arbitration

Types and organization of courtsEdit

Administrative court
Admiralty court
Appellate court
Circuit court
City court
Constitutional court
Commercial Court (disambiguation)
Community court
Court of cassation
Court of marine inquiry
Court of record
Court-martial
District court
Domestic violence court
Drug court
DWI court
Ecclesiastical court
Equity court
Extraordinary court
Family court
Girl’s court
High court
International court
Juvenile court
Labor court
Land court
Livability court
Lower court
Mental health court
Ordinary court
Patent court
Probate court
Small claims court
Specialized court
Superior court
Supreme court
Tax court
Teen court
Trial court
Veterans’ court

ReferencesEdit

^ Walker, David (1980). The Oxford Companion to Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 301. ISBN 0-19-866110-X.
^ «Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England – Book the Third – Chapter the Third : Of Courts in General». Avalon Project. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
^ See generally 28 U.S.C. § 1: «The Supreme Court of the United States shall consist of a Chief Justice of the United States and eight associate justices [ . . . ]» (italics added); 28 U.S.C. § 43(b): «Each court of appeals shall consist of the circuit judges of the circuit in regular active service.» (italics added); 28 U.S.C. § 132(b) (in part): «Each district court shall consist of the district judge or judges for the district in regular active service.» (italics added); 28 U.S.C. § 151 (in part): «In each judicial district, the bankruptcy judges in regular active service shall constitute a unit of the district court to be known as the bankruptcy court for that district [ . . . ]» (italics added).
^ ^a ^b Harper, Douglas. «court (n.)». Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
^ «COUR : Etymologie de COUR». Cnrtl.fr. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
^ «Jurisdiction». Civil Procedure. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c Jurisdiction, Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School.
^ ^a ^b von Mehren, Arthur T.; Murray, Peter L. (8 Jan 2007). Law in the United States. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139462198. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
^ ^a ^b Burnham, William (2006). Introduction to the Law and Legal System of the United States (4th ed.). St. Paul (Minn.): Thomson-West. ISBN 9780314158987.
^ Neubauer, David W.; Meinhold, Stephen S. (2012-01-13). Judicial Process: Law, Courts, and Politics in the United States – David W. Neubauer, Stephen S. Meinhold. ISBN 978-1111357566. Retrieved 2013-06-24.

External linksEdit

Media related to Courts at Wikimedia Commons
Quotations related to Courts at Wikiquote

Источник

The court next higher than a justice’s court, is a court held in each county, generally called a _county court_, or _court of common pleas_. ❋ Andrew W. Young (N/A)

There is a court for the trial of persons guilty of disturbing the peace, and of such other minor offenses as are usually punishable by imprisonment in the county jail, called _police court_. ❋ Andrew W. Young (N/A)

In the state of New York the judge of this court is called _surrogate_, and the court is called _surrogate’s court_. ❋ Andrew W. Young (N/A)

Undoubtedly, upon a writ of error to a State court, unless the record shows a case that gives jurisdiction, the case must be dismissed for want of jurisdiction in _this court_. ❋ E. N. [Editor] Elliott (N/A)

Of course some of my court appearances before the crowned heads of Europe are dear to me, not so much because they were _court_ appearances, but because of the graciousness and appreciation of the highly placed personages for whom I played. ❋ Frederick Herman Martens (1903)

Long before the hour set for the trial of the alleged Eunice Volrees on the charge of bigamy the court house yard and the corridors were full of people, but, strange to say, the _court room_ in which the trial was to take place, though open, was not occupied. ❋ Robert E. [Illustrator] Bell (1902)

Some held that the new court was a _de facto court_, and to be respected accordingly. ❋ Simeon E. Baldwin (1883)

In New York there is a «supremest» court, styled the _court of appeals_, which has the power of revising sundry judgments of the supreme court; and there is something similar in New ❋ John Fiske (1871)

So while it may sound weird, it turns out that obtaining a statement outside Miranda but not admitting it in court is lawful. ❋ Unknown (2010)

After that, Weber’s next day in court is expected to be a Jan. 14 preliminary hearing. ❋ Unknown (2010)

Yep most of the statistical stuff you see in court from the so-called “experts” is junk. ❋ Unknown (2010)

Not bothering to show up in court is hugely disrespectful to the judge. ❋ Unknown (2010)

The part about non-miranidzed statements not being admissible in court is the remedy prescribed by the Supreme Court for when happens when the police violate the law. ❋ Unknown (2010)

Representing someone in court is NOT “supporting” that person. ❋ Unknown (2010)

«Denying our right to present this in court is a denial of justice that is indeed shocking,» said Diane Horning, whose son, Matthew, was killed nine years ago in the terrorist attack at the World Trade Center. ❋ Clay Chiles (2010)

In a number of recent polls, the top female role model has been the singer Cheryl Cole, a hyper-feminine icon who has faced her own day in court, is as well known for her marital tribulations with footballer Ashley Cole as for her drive and determination, and apparently sells more magazines than just about any other UK cover star. ❋ Kira Cochrane (2010)

1. I [courted] her for a while but realized that she wasn’t The One.
2. The innocent man went to court and was [thrown] in [prison] for five years. ❋ Jon Davis (2004)

John: «I’ve been trying to get with this smoking girl but nothing I’m doing is working!»
[Axel]: «Maybe you should court her instead of just [hitting on] her like every other [douche bag] out there.» ❋ Axel Sexypantalones (2011)

1. Dang man!, I’ve been going through a [dry spell] lately I NEED TO COURT!
2. Did you see [Kassie] at school today in that [mini skirt]? I so wanna COURT! ❋ Ceejae (2007)

Girl 1: Are you gonna [vote] for Ashley,
[the cheerleader]?
Girl 2: No way! I’m gonna vote for that
really nice and pretty [new girl]. ❋ Gareth (2005)

[Court] is [soo] [cool]. ❋ Cassssssss (2004)

«Wow did you just see her?!»
«Who court?»
«YEAH. how did she just [get away with] that?!»
«Because [she can]… [shes] court. would you stop her?» ❋ 6feettall (2009)

Yesterday i [walked] by some [fine] looking court on [these girls]. ❋ NHS-flordia (2008)

They enjoyed their carefree [courting] days, long walks in the sunshine, talking, getting to know each other [in great] depth, enjoying each others company as [true friends]. ❋ Snazzy-shazzy (2015)

Dating->Relationship->Courting->Engaged->[Married] ❋ Wizfriz (2011)

He is now my courte since [after the] last [date], so he calls me his [courtee]. ❋ Yinka Falade (2008)

Источник

Britannica Dictionary definition of COURT

[noncount]

a formal legal meeting in which evidence about crimes, disagreements, etc., is presented to a judge and often a jury so that decisions can be made according to the law

Court is now in session.
Court is adjourned for the day.

— often used before another noun

a court battle/fight
court cases/records/costs

a place where legal cases are heard

[count]

There was a large group of protesters outside the court.
a lawyer who has appeared in courts around the country

[noncount]

His landlord threatened to take him to court. [=to start a lawsuit against him; to sue him]
The organization is prepared to go to court [=to start a lawsuit] to stop construction from proceeding.
They were able to settle/resolve the case out of court. [=without going to court]

[count]

an official group of people (such as a judge and jury) who listen to evidence and make decisions about legal cases

The case is before the state’s highest court.
She’s a judge on an appellate court.
state/federal courts
The prosecution has new evidence to submit to the court.
Please explain to the court what happened that night.
The court ruled/declared the law unconstitutional.
The court reversed/rejected the lower court’s decision.

[count]

a large flat surface that is shaped like a square or rectangle and that is used for playing games like tennis and basketball

a basketball/tennis court

the place where the leader of a country and especially a king or queen lives and works

[count]

the courts of Europe

[noncount]

He spent a lot of time at court.

[count]

a king or queen and the people who live and work with him or her

The queen assembled her court.
a member of the king’s court

[count]

— used in the names of short streets

My sister lives on Brynhurst Court.

— abbreviation Ct.

— used in the names of apartment buildings or groups of apartment buildings

I live in the Franklin Court apartments on Main Street.

—

see also motor court

hold court

to talk to a group of people who listen to what you say because it is funny or interesting

The restaurant’s owner was holding court at his usual table in the corner.

laugh out of court

—

see ¹laugh

pay court to

formal + old-fashioned

to give a lot of attention to (someone) in order to get approval, affection, etc.

He does not approve of the young man who has been paying court to his daughter. [=who has been courting his daughter]

the ball is in your court

—

see ¹ball

the court of public/world opinion

the beliefs and judgment of most people

The statement was quickly condemned in the court of public opinion. [=was condemned by the public]

Britannica Dictionary definition of COURT

somewhat old-fashioned

to act in a way that shows that you want or intend to get married

[no object]

The couple courted for two years before marrying.

[+ object]

He was courting his college sweetheart.

of an animal

to perform the actions that lead to sexual activity

[no object]

a pair of robins courting

[+ object]

The male will sometimes court the female for hours.

[+ object]

to give a lot of attention and praise to (someone) in order to get approval, support, etc.

college teams courting high school basketball stars
The government is courting [=wooing] investors from around the globe.
The speech was clearly intended to court middle-class voters.

◊ If you court someone’s favor or court favor with someone, you try to get someone’s approval.

The company is courting favor with consumers by portraying itself as socially responsible.

[+ object]

to act in a way that is likely to cause (something unpleasant) to happen to you

Anyone who refuses to evacuate is courting disaster. [=flirting with disaster]
They knew they were courting danger/trouble by accepting donations from a convicted felon.

Источник

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle English court, from Old French cort, curt, from Latin cōrtem (accusative of cōrs), ultimately from cohors. Doublet of cohort.

A court (def. 4.2) assembled to hear the testimony of Charles Lindbergh. The room is also a court (def. 4.1).

Professional tennis players playing on a tennis court (def. 5) in New Delhi, India

Pronunciation[edit]

(Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /kɔːt/
(General American) IPA^(key): /kɔɹt/
(rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) IPA^(key): /ko(ː)ɹt/
(non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) IPA^(key): /koət/
Homophone: caught (non-rhotic with the horse-hoarse merger)
Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)t

Noun[edit]

court (plural courts)

An enclosed space; a courtyard; an uncovered area shut in by the walls of a building, or by different buildings; also, a space opening from a street and nearly surrounded by houses; a blind alley.

The girls were playing in the court.
- 1832 December (indicated as 1833), Alfred Tennyson, “The Palace of Art”, in Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, stanza XXX, page 77:
  
  All round the cool green courts there ran a row / Of cloisters, branched like mighty woods, / Echoing all night to that sonorous flow / Of spouted fountain floods.
- 1856 February, [Thomas Babington] Macaulay, “Oliver Goldsmith [from the Encyclopædia Britannica]”, in T[homas] F[lower] E[llis], editor, The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay, new edition, London: Longman, Green, Reader, & Dyer, published 1871, →OCLC:
  
  Goldsmith took a garret in a miserable court.
1. (Australia, US) A street with no outlet, a cul-de-sac.
2. (Hong Kong, only used in names) A housing estate under the House Ownership Scheme.
3. (Hong Kong, only used in names) An apartment building, or a small development of several apartment buildings.
(social) Royal society.
1. The residence of a sovereign, prince, nobleman, or other dignitary; a palace.
  
  The noblemen visited the queen in her court.
  - c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:
    
    This our court, infected with their manners, / Shows like a riotous inn.
2. The collective body of persons composing the retinue of a sovereign or person high in authority; all the surroundings of a sovereign in his regal state.
  
  The queen and her court traveled to the city to welcome back the soldiers.
  - c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:
    
    My lord, there is a nobleman of the court at door would speak with you.
  - 1819–1824, [Lord Byron], Don Juan, London, (please specify |canto=I to XVII):
    
    Love rules the court, the camp, the grove.
3. Any formal assembling of the retinue of a sovereign.
Attention directed to a person in power; behaviour designed to gain favor; politeness of manner; civility towards someone
- 1667 April 28 (Gregorian calendar), John Evelyn, “[Diary entry for 18 April 1667]”, in William Bray, editor, Memoirs, Illustrative of the Life and Writings of John Evelyn, […], volume I, 2nd edition, London: Henry Colburn, […]; and sold by John and Arthur Arch, […], published 1819, →OCLC:
  
  I went to make court to the Duke and Duchess of Newcastle at their house in Clerkenwell.
(law) The administration of law.
1. The hall, chamber, or place, where justice is administered.
  
  Many famous criminals have been put on trial in this court.
2. The persons officially assembled under authority of law, at the appropriate time and place, for the administration of justice; an official assembly, legally met together for the transaction of judicial business; a judge or judges sitting for the hearing or trial of cases.
  
  The court started proceedings at 11 o’clock.
  - 2012 August 21, Pilkington, Ed, “Death penalty on trial: should Reggie Clemons live or die?”, in The Guardian:
    
    Next month, Clemons will be brought before a court presided over by a «special master», who will review the case one last time. The hearing will be unprecedented in its remit, but at its core will be a simple issue: should Reggie Clemons live or die?
  - 1985, “Criminal Code (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-46)”, in Justice Canada‎^[1], retrieved 1 March 2020:
    
    536(2.1). … You have the option to elect to be tried by a provincial court judge without a jury; or you may elect to be tried by a judge without a jury; or you may elect to be tried by a court composed of a judge and jury.
3. (often capitalized) The judge or judges or other judicial officer presiding in a particular matter, particularly as distinguished from the counsel or jury, or both.
  - 2017 May 5, Kevin R. Aalto, J., “Gordon v. Canada, 2017 FC 454”, in CanLII‎^[2], retrieved 23 February 2020:
    
    A case conference in person was convened…. To emphasize that it was a Court proceeding the Court was gowned.
  - 2018 August 17, M.F. McParland, J., “R. v. Carlson, 2018 BCPC 209”, in CanLII‎^[3], retrieved 1 March 2020:
    
    [5]… defence alleges there is a reasonable apprehension of bias based on the cumulative effect of several issues including the following: (1) The Court was “crying” during the victim impact statement; (2) The Court laughed or “scoffed” when defence stated its sentencing position; …(6) The Court’s tone, facial expression and demeanor throughout the proceedings…
4. The session of a judicial assembly.
  
  The court is now in session.
5. Any jurisdiction, civil, military, or ecclesiastical.
(sports) A place arranged for playing the games of tennis, basketball, handball, badminton, volleyball, squash and some other games

The local sports club has six tennis courts and two squash courts.

The shuttlecock landed outside the court.
- 1935, George Goodchild, chapter 5, in Death on the Centre Court:
  
  By one o’clock the place was choc-a-bloc. […] The restaurant was packed, and the promenade between the two main courts and the subsidiary courts was thronged with healthy-looking youngish people, drawn to the Mecca of tennis from all parts of the country.
1. one of the two divisions of a tennis, badminton or volleyball court, in which the player or players of each team play
  - 2010, Cara Marcus, Faulkner Hospital
    
    The photograph at left captures a great serve by Dr. Sadowsky, who will never forget one of Bobby Riggs’s serves, which had such a great spin that it landed in his court and bounced back to the other side of the net before he had a chance to return it.

Derived terms[edit]

agreement on the choice of court
all-court
apex court
appeals court
appellate court
auto court
badminton court
base court
basketball court
cabin court
charter court
choice of court agreement
civil court
clay court
constitutional court
contempt of court
cottage court
county court
court appearance
court baron
court bouillon
court card
court case
court circular
court costs
court customary
court fee
court fight
court guide
court hand
court holy water
court in banc
court in bank
court jester
court martial
court of appeal
court of appeals
court of cassation
court of equity
court of first instance
court of honor
court of honour
court of inquiry
court of justice
court of last resort
court of law
court of record
court of second instance
court order
court plaster
court poor box
court reporter
court roll
court sense
court shoe
court sword
court tennis
court-baron
court-cupboard
court-house
court-leet
court-marshal
court-martial
court-martialed
court-packing
court-ridden
courthouse
courtlike
courtly
courtroom
courtyard
cross-court
day in court
deuce court
Diplock court
drum-head court
drumhead court-martial
e-court
Earl’s Court
family court
food court
friend at court
full court press
full-court press
Grange Court
grass court
half court
half-court
half-court line
half-court violation
Hampton Court
high court
hold court
in court
in open court
inferior court
kangaroo court
laugh out of court
law court
lower court
magistrates’ court
mags court
manorial court
moot court
motor court
national court
night court
Nightingale court
officer of the court
out-of-court
palm court
palm court orchestra
plenary court
police court
prerogative court
probate court
quarterly court
service court
show court
squash court
stannary court
subordinate court
superior court
supreme court
take to court
tennis court
the ball is in someone’s court
tourist court
trial court
youth court

Descendants[edit]

→ Bulgarian: корт (kort)
→ French: court
→ Russian: корт (kort)
- → Armenian: կորտ (kort)

Translations[edit]

enclosed space; a courtyard

Albanian: oborr (sq) m, kopësht m
Arabic: فِنَاء‎ m (fināʔ), حَوْش‎ m (ḥawš)
Armenian: բակ (hy) (bak)
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܕܲܪܬܵܐ‎ m (dārta)
Avar: азбар (azbar)
Azerbaijani: həyət (az)
Bavarian: Huaf
Belarusian: двор m (dvor), падво́р’е n (padvórʺje), падво́рышча n (padvóryšča)
Bengali: অঙ্গন (bn) (oṅgon), উঠোন (bn) (uṭhōn)
Bulgarian: двор (bg) m (dvor)
Burmese: အိမ်ဝင်း (im-wang:), ဝင်း (my) (wang:)
Catalan: pati (ca) m
Chinese:

Mandarin: 庭院 (zh) (tíngyuàn)
Coptic: ⲟⲛϩ (onh)
Czech: dvůr (cs) m, nádvoří n
Danish: gårdsplads (da) c
Dutch: binnenruimte (nl) f, koer (nl), hof (nl) m
Esperanto: korto (eo)
Estonian: hoov
Finnish: sisäpiha (fi)
French: cour (fr) f
Georgian: ეზო (ezo)
German: Hof (de) m
Greek: αυλή (el) f (avlí)

Ancient: αὐλή f (aulḗ)
Hebrew: חָצֵר‎ (he) m (khatser)
Hindi: आंगन (hi) m (āṅgan), प्राङ्गण (hi) (prāṅgaṇ)
Hungarian: udvar (hu), belső udvar
Icelandic: please add this translation if you can
Indonesian: lapangan (id)
Irish: clós (ga) m
Italian: cortile (it) m
Japanese: 中庭 (ja) (なかにわ, nakaniwa), 庭 (ja) (にわ, niwa)
Kazakh: аула (kk) (aula)
Khmer: ប្រលាន (prɑlaan), ប្រាង្គណ៍ (km) (praang)
Korean: 안마당 (ko) (anmadang), 안뜰 (antteul)
Kurdish:

Northern Kurdish: heyet (ku), hewş (ku)
Kyrgyz: короо (ky) (koroo)
Ladino: kortijo
Lao: ເດີ່ນ (dœ̄n), ສະໜາມ (sa nām)
Latin: aula f
Latvian: sēta f
Lithuanian: kiemas m
Macedonian: двор m (dvor)
Malay: laman dalam
Manx: close m
Middle English: court
Mongolian:

Cyrillic: хороо (mn) (xoroo), хашаа (mn) (xašaa)
Norman: cour f (Jersey)
Norwegian:

Bokmål: gårdsplass m
Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: дворъ m (dvorŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰴⰲⱁⱃⱏ m (dvorŭ)
Ossetian: кӕрт (kært)
Pashto: انګړ‎ m (angáṛ)
Persian: حیاط‎ (fa) (hayât)
Plautdietsch: Hoff (nds) m
Polish: dziedziniec (pl) m, podwórze (pl) n, dwór (pl) m
Portuguese: pátio (pt) m
Romanian: curte (ro)
Russian: двор (ru) m (dvor)
Sanskrit: प्राङ्गण (sa) n (prāṅgaṇa)
Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: дво̀рӣште n, дво̑р m

Roman: dvòrīšte (sh) n, dvȏr (sh) m
Slovak: nádvorie n, dvor m
Slovene: dvorišče n
Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: dwór m
Spanish: patio (es) m, callejón (es) m
Swahili: korti (sw)
Swedish: gård (sv) c
Tajik: ҳавлӣ (tg) (havlī)
Telugu: ఆవరణ (te) (āvaraṇa)
Thai: ลาน (th) (laan)
Turkish: avlu (tr)
Turkmen: howly
Ugaritic: 𐎈𐎑𐎗 (ḥẓr)
Ukrainian: двір (uk) m (dvir), подві́р’я n (podvírʺja)
Urdu: آنگن‎ (ur) m (āṅgan)
Uyghur: ھويلى‎ (hoyli)
Uzbek: hovli (uz)
Vietnamese: sân (vi)
Yiddish: הויף‎ m (hoyf)
Yoruba: ọgbà, àgbàlá

residence of a sovereign, prince, nobleman, or ether dignitary

Bavarian: Huaf
Belarusian: двор m (dvor)
Bulgarian: дворе́ц (bg) m (dvoréc)
Catalan: cort (ca) f
Chinese:

Mandarin: 宮廷／宫廷 (zh) (gōngtíng)
Czech: dvůr (cs) m
Dutch: paleis (nl) n
Finnish: hovi (fi)
French: cour (fr)
German: Hof (de) m
Hebrew: חָצֵר‎ (he) m (khatsér)
Hindi: दरबार (hi) m (darbār)
Hungarian: udvar (hu)
Indonesian: istana (id)
Italian: corte (it) f
Japanese: 宮廷 (ja) (きゅうてい, kyūtei)
Korean: 궁정(宮廷) (ko) (gungjeong)
Manx: cooyrt f
Middle English: court
Norman: cour f (Jersey)
Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: дворъ m (dvorŭ)
Persian: دربار‎ (fa) (darbâr)
Plautdietsch: Hoff (nds) m
Polish: dwór (pl) m
Portuguese: palácio (pt) m, corte (pt) f
Romanian: curte (ro)
Russian: двор (ru) m (dvor), дворе́ц (ru) m (dvoréc) (palace)
Scottish Gaelic: cùirt f
Slovak: dvor m
Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: dwór m
Swahili: korti (sw)
Swedish: hov (sv)
Ukrainian: двір (uk) m (dvir)
Urdu: دربار‎ m (darbār)

collective body of persons composing the retinue of a sovereign or person high in authority

Bavarian: Huaf
Belarusian: двор m (dvor)
Bulgarian: двор (bg) m (dvor)
Catalan: cort (ca) f
Chinese:

Mandarin: 宮廷／宫廷 (zh) (gōngtíng)
Czech: dvůr (cs) m
Danish: hof n
Dutch: hofhouding (nl) f
Egyptian: (šnwt f)
Finnish: hovi (fi)
French: cour (fr) f
German: Hof (de) m, Hofstaat (de) m
Greek: αυλή (el) f (avlí)

Ancient: ἀυλή f (aulḗ)
Hungarian: udvar (hu), udvartartás (hu)
Latin: aula f
Manx: cooyrt f
Middle English: court
Norman: cour f (Jersey)
Norwegian: hoff (no) n
Polish: dwór (pl) m
Portuguese: corte (pt) f
Romanian: curte (ro)
Russian: двор (ru) m (dvor)
Scottish Gaelic: cùirt f
Slovak: dvor m
Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: dwór m
Spanish: corte (es) f
Swahili: korti (sw)
Swedish: hov (sv)
Ukrainian: двір (uk) m (dvir)

hall, chamber, or place, where justice is administered

Afrikaans: geregshof sg
Albanian: gjykatë (sq) f
Amharic: ፍርድ ቤት (fərd bet)
Arabic: مَحْكَمَة‎ (ar) f (maḥkama)
Armenian: դատարան (hy) (dataran)
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܒܹܝܬ ܕܝܼܢܵܐ‎ m (bēt dīna)
Azerbaijani: məhkəmə (az)
Bashkir: суд (sud)
Belarusian: суд m (sud)
Bengali: আদালত (bn) (adalot)
Bulgarian: съд (bg) m (sǎd)
Burmese: တရားရုံး (my) (ta.ra:rum:)
Catalan: cort (ca) f, tribunal (ca) m, jutjat (ca) m
Chechen: суд (sud)
Chinese:

Cantonese: 法庭 (faat³ ting⁴), 法院 (faat³ jyun^6-2)

Dungan: фатин (fatin)

Mandarin: 法庭 (zh) (fǎtíng), 法院 (zh) (fǎyuàn)

Min Nan: 法庭 (zh-min-nan) (hoat-têng), 法院 (hoat-īⁿ)

Wu: 法庭 (faq din)
Czech: soud (cs) m
Danish: domstol (da) c
Dutch: rechtbank (nl) c, hof (nl) n, gerechtshof (nl) n
Esperanto: juĝejo (eo)
Estonian: kohus (et)
Finnish: oikeussali (fi)
French: cour (fr) f, tribunal (fr) m
Galician: xulgado (gl) m, tribunal (gl) m, corte (gl) f
Georgian: სასამართლო (sasamartlo)
German: Gericht (de) n, Gerichtshof (de) m
Greek: δικαστήριο (el) n (dikastírio)

Ancient: δικαστήριον n (dikastḗrion)
Hebrew: בֵּית־מִשְׁפָּט‎ (he) m (beit-mishpát)
Hindi: न्यायालय (hi) m (nyāyālay), अदालत (hi) f (adālat)
Hungarian: bíróság (hu), törvényszék (hu), tárgyalóterem
Icelandic: dómstóll m
Indonesian: pengadilan (id), mahkamah (id)
Irish: cúirt (ga) f
Italian: corte (it) f, tribunale (it) f
Japanese: 裁判所 (ja) (さいばんしょ, saibansho), 法廷 (ja) (ほうてい, hōtei), 法院 (ja) (ほういん, hōin)
Kannada: ನ್ಯಾಯಾಲಯ (kn) (nyāyālaya)
Kazakh: сот (kk) (sot), суд (sud)
Khmer: តុលាការ (km) (tolaakaa)
Korean: 법원(法院) (ko) (beobwon), 재판소(裁判所) (ko) (jaepanso), 법정(法廷) (ko) (beopjeong)
Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: دادگا‎ (ckb) (dadga)

Northern Kurdish: dadgeh (ku)
Kyrgyz: сот (ky) (sot), суд (ky) (sud)
Lao: ສານ (lo) (sān)
Latin: considium n, cūria f, iūdicium (la) n
Latvian: tiesa f
Lithuanian: teismas (lt) m
Macedonian: суд m (sud)
Malay: mahkamah (ms)
Manx: quaiyl f
Maori: kōti
Middle English: court
Mongolian:

Cyrillic: шүүх (mn) (šüüx)
Norman: cour f (Jersey)
Norwegian:

Bokmål: domstol (no) m

Nynorsk: domstol (no) m
Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: сѫдилище n (sǫdilište), сѫдище n (sǫdište), сѫдъ m (sǫdŭ)
Old East Slavic: сꙋдъ m (sudŭ), судъ m (sudŭ)
Ossetian: тӕрхондон (tærxondon)
Pashto: محکمه‎ f (mahkamá)
Persian: دادگاه‎ (fa) (dâdgâh), محاکمه‎ (fa) (mohâkeme), محکمه‎ (fa) (mahkame)
Plautdietsch: Jerecht n
Polish: trybunał (pl) m, sąd (pl) m
Portuguese: tribunal (pt) m, corte (pt) f, juizado m
Romanian: curte (ro) f, tribunal (ro) n
Russian: суд (ru) m (sud)
Scottish Gaelic: cùirt f
Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: су̑д m

Roman: sȗd (sh) m
Sinhalese: උසාවිය (usāwiya)
Slovak: súd m
Slovene: sodišče n
Somali: maxkamad
Spanish: corte (es) f, tribunal (es) m, juzgado (es) m
Swahili: korti (sw), mahakama (sw) class n
Swedish: domstol (sv), rätt (sv)
Tajik: суд (sud), маҳкама (mahkama), додгоҳ (dodgoh)
Tatar: мәхкәмә (mäxkämä)
Telugu: న్యాయస్థానము (te) (nyāyasthānamu)
Thai: ศาล (th) (sǎan)
Tigrinya: ቤት-ፍርዲ (bet-fərdi)
Turkish: mahkeme (tr)
Turkmen: sud
Ukrainian: суд (uk) m (sud)
Urdu: عدالت‎ f (‘adālat)
Uyghur: سوت‎ (sot), مەھكىمە‎ (mehkime)
Uzbek: sud (uz), mahkama (uz)
Vietnamese: tòa án (vi)
Yiddish: געריכט‎ (gerikht)

persons officially assembled under authority of law

Armenian: դատարան (hy) (dataran)
Belarusian: суд m (sud)
Bulgarian: съд (bg) m (sǎd)
Burmese: တရားခွင် (my) (ta.ra:hkwang)
Chinese:

Mandarin: 法庭 (zh) (fǎtíng), 法院 (zh) (fǎyuàn)
Czech: soud (cs) m
Dutch: gerecht (nl) n
Esperanto: instanco
Finnish: oikeus (fi), tuomioistuin (fi)
French: cour (fr) f
German: Gericht (de) n
Hungarian: bíróság (hu), törvényszék (hu)
Indonesian: sidang (id)
Italian: assemblea (it), corte (it), giuria (it)
Japanese: 裁判所 (ja) (さいばんしょ, saibansho), 法廷 (ja) (ほうてい, hōtei)
Kannada: ನ್ಯಾಯಾಲಯ (kn) (nyāyālaya)
Khmer: please add this translation if you can
Korean: 법정(法廷) (ko) (beopjeong), 재판소(裁判所) (ko) (jaepanso)
Manx: quaiyl f
Ossetian: тӕрхондон (tærxondon)
Portuguese: assembleia (pt) f
Romani: kris
Russian: суд (ru) m (sud)
Scottish Gaelic: cùirt f
Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: су̑д m

Roman: sȗd (sh) m
Swahili: korti (sw)
Swedish: domstol (sv) c, rätt (sv) c
Telugu: అధికారిక సమావేశము (adhikārika samāvēśamu)
Ukrainian: суд (uk) m (sud)
Yoruba: ilé ẹjọ́

tribunal established for the administration of justice

Abkhaz: please add this translation if you can
Afrikaans: geregshof sg
Albanian: gjykatë (sq)
Arabic: مَحْكَمَة‎ (ar) f (maḥkama)
Armenian: դատարան (hy) (dataran)
Azerbaijani: məhkəmə (az)
Basque: epailearen
Belarusian: суд m (sud)
Bengali: আদালত (bn) (adalot)
Bulgarian: съд (bg) m (sǎd)
Burmese: တရားရုံး (my) (ta.ra:rum:)
Catalan: cort (ca) f, tribunal (ca) m, jutjat (ca) m
Chinese:

Mandarin: 法庭 (zh) (fǎtíng)
Czech: soud (cs) m
Danish: domstol (da) c
Dutch: rechtbank (nl)
Esperanto: instanco
Estonian: kohus (et)
Finnish: tuomioistuin (fi)
French: cour (fr) f, tribunal (fr) m
Galician: xulgado (gl) m, tribunal (gl) m, corte (gl) f
Georgian: სასამართლო (sasamartlo)
German: Gericht (de) n
Greek: δικαστήριο (el) n (dikastírio)
Hebrew: בֵּית־מִשְׁפָּט‎ (he) m (beit-mishpát)
Hindi: न्यायालय (hi) m (nyāyālay), अदालत (hi) f (adālat), धर्माधिकरण (hi) (dharmādhikraṇ), व्यवहारालय (vyavhārālay)
Hungarian: bíróság (hu), törvényszék (hu)
Icelandic: dómstóll m
Indonesian: pengadilan (id), mahkamah (id)
Irish: cúirt (ga) f
Italian: corte (it), tribunale (it)
Japanese: 裁判所 (ja) (さいばんしょ, saibansho), 法廷 (ja) (ほうてい, hōtei)
Kazakh: сот (kk) (sot)
Khmer: សាលាជំនុំជំរះ (saalaa cumnum cumrĕəh)
Korean: 법원(法院) (ko) (beobwon), 법정(法廷) (ko) (beopjeong), 재판소(裁判所) (ko) (jaepanso)
Kyrgyz: сот (ky) (sot), суд (ky) (sud)
Lao: ສານ (lo) (sān)
Latgalian: tīsa
Latvian: tiesa f
Lithuanian: teismas (lt)
Macedonian: суд m (sud)
Malay: mahkamah (ms)
Manx: quaiyl f
Maori: kōti
Middle English: court
Mongolian:

Cyrillic: шүүх (mn) (šüüx)
Nepali: अदालत (ne) f (adālat)
Norman: cour f (Jersey)
Norwegian: domstol (no) c
Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: сѫдъ m (sǫdŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱘⰴⱏ (sǫdŭ)
Old East Slavic: сꙋдъ (sudŭ)
Ossetian: тӕрхондон (tærxondon)
Pashto: محکمه‎ (mahkamá), نياوتون‎ m (nyāwtún), نياو ځي‎ m (nyāw jáy)
Persian: دادگاه‎ (fa) (dâdgâh), محکمه‎ (fa) (mohkeme)
Polish: sąd (pl) m, trybunał (pl) m
Portuguese: tribunal (pt) m, corte (pt) f, juizado m
Punjabi: please add this translation if you can
Romanian: curte (ro)
Russian: суд (ru) m (sud), трибуна́л (ru) m (tribunál)
Sanskrit: न्यायालय m (nyāyālaya), व्यवहारालय m (vyavahārālaya), धर्माधिकरण (sa) n (dharmādhikaraṇa)
Scottish Gaelic: cùirt f
Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: су̑д m

Roman: sȗd (sh) m
Slovak: súd m
Slovene: sodišče n
Spanish: corte (es) f, tribunal (es) m, juzgado (es) m
Swahili: korti (sw), mahakama (sw)
Swedish: domstol (sv) c, rätt (sv) c, tribunal (sv)
Tajik: суд (sud), маҳкама (mahkama)
Tamil: நீதிமன்றம் (ta) (nītimaṉṟam)
Tatar: мәхкәмә (mäxkämä)
Thai: ศาล (th) (sǎan)
Tibetan: ཁྲིམས་ཁང (khrims khang)
Turkish: mahkeme (tr)
Turkmen: sud
Ukrainian: суд (uk) m (sud)
Urdu: عدالت‎ f (‘adālat), محکمہ‎ (mahkama)
Uyghur: سوت‎ (sot), مەھكىمە‎ (mehkime) (usually religious)
Uzbek: sud (uz), mahkama (uz)
Vietnamese: tòa án (vi)
Welsh: llys (cy) m

judge or judges

Armenian: դատարան (hy) (dataran)
Chinese:

Mandarin: 法官 (zh) (fǎguān)
Esperanto: instanco
Finnish: tuomari (fi), tuomaristo (fi)
German: Gericht (de) n
Hungarian: bíróság (hu), bírók (hu), bírák
Italian: giuria (it)
Manx: quaiyl f
Polish: sąd (pl) m
Portuguese: corte (pt) f
Scottish Gaelic: cùirt f
Swahili: korti (sw)

session of a judicial assembly

Chinese:

Mandarin: 開庭／开庭 (zh) (kāitíng)
Czech: soud (cs) m, stání (cs) n
Finnish: istunto (fi)
German: Gericht (de) n
Hebrew: מִשְׁפָּט‎ (he) m (mishpát)
Hungarian: tárgyalás (hu)
Manx: cooyrt f
Middle English: court
Polish: sąd (pl) m
Portuguese: assembleia (pt) f
Russian: суд (ru) m (sud)
Swahili: korti (sw)
Ukrainian: суд (uk) m (sud)

place for playing the game of tennis and some other ball games

Arabic: مَلْعَب‎ (ar) m (malʕab)
Armenian: կորտ (hy) (kort)
Azerbaijani: kort
Belarusian: корт m (kort), пляцо́ўка f (pljacóŭka)
Bulgarian: корт (bg) m (kort), площа́дка (bg) f (ploštádka)
Catalan: pista de joc (ca) f
Chinese:

Mandarin: 場地／场地 (zh) (chǎngdì)
Czech: kurt (cs) m, dvorec (cs) m
Danish: bane c
Dutch: baan (nl) f
Estonian: väljak
Finnish: kenttä (fi), tenniskenttä (fi)
French: court de tennis (fr) m, court (fr) m
Georgian: კორტი (ḳorṭi)
German: Platz (de) m
Greek: γήπεδο (el) n (gípedo)
Hungarian: pálya (hu), sportpálya (hu), teniszpálya (hu), kosárlabdapálya, tollaslabdapálya
Indonesian: lapangan (id), gelanggang (id)
Irish: cúirt (ga) f
Italian: campo (it) m
Japanese: コート (kōto)
Kazakh: корт (kort)
Korean: 코트 (ko) (koteu)
Kyrgyz: корт (ky) (kort)
Latvian: korts m
Lithuanian: kortas m
Macedonian: игралиште n (igralište)
Malay: gelanggang (ms)
Manx: faaie f
Norwegian:

Bokmål: bane (no) m
Persian: زمین‎ (fa) (zamin)
Polish: kort (pl) m
Portuguese: quadra (pt) f
Romanian: teren (ro) n
Russian: корт (ru) m (kort), площа́дка (ru) f (ploščádka)
Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: тѐре̄н m, ѝгралӣште n

Roman: tèrēn (sh) m, ìgralīšte (sh) n
Slovak: kurt m, dvorec m
Slovene: igrišče (sl) n
Spanish: (Latin America) cancha (es) f, (Spain) pista (es) f
Swahili: korti (sw)
Swedish: spelplan (sv) c
Tajik: корт (tg) (kort)
Telugu: మైదానము (te) (maidānamu)
Thai: คอร์ต (th) (kɔ̀ɔt)
Turkish: kort (tr)
Ukrainian: корт (uk) (kort), майда́нчик m (majdánčyk)
Uzbek: kort (uz)
Vietnamese: sân (vi)

A man courting a woman by giving her flowers, in a 14th century work

Verb[edit]

court (third-person singular simple present courts, present participle courting, simple past and past participle courted)

(transitive) To seek to achieve or win.

He was courting big new accounts that previous salesman had not attempted.
- 1821, De Quincey, Thomas, “To the Reader”, in Confessions of an English Opium-Eater:
  
  Guilt and misery shrink, by a natural instinct, from public notice: they court privacy and solitude: and even in their choice of a grave will sometimes sequester themselves from the general population of the churchyard […]
(transitive) To risk (a consequence, usually negative).

He courted controversy with his frank speeches.
- 1964 April, “Automatic Signalling Problems in an Emergency”, in Modern Railways, page 273:
  
  It is not unknown for hot axleboxes to fail completely and for wagons to become derailed as a result. Surely it is courting disaster to allow a train to proceed for up to seven miles with a defective vehicle before it can be brought to a halt?
(transitive) To try to win a commitment to marry from.
(transitive) To engage in behavior leading to mating.

The bird was courting by making an elaborate dance.
(transitive) To attempt to attract.
- 1849, Macaulay, Thomas Babington, chapter 24, in The History of England: From the Accession of James II, volume 5:
  
  By one person, however, Portland was still assiduously courted, and that person was the king.
(transitive) To invite by attractions; to allure; to attract.

Synonyms: charm, entrance; see also Thesaurus:allure
- a. 1835, Lord Tennyson, Alfred, The Gardener’s Daughter:
  
  […] a well-worn pathway courted us / To one green wicket in a privet hedge […]
- 1902, Robert Marshall Grade, The Haunted Major
  
  It is a grim, grey old town, standing on bleak, precipitous cliffs that court every passing hurricane, […]
(transitive) To attempt to gain alliance with.
(intransitive) To engage in activities intended to win someone’s affections.

Synonyms: romance, solicit; see also Thesaurus:woo

She’s had a few beaus come courting.
(intransitive) To engage in courtship behavior.

In this season, you can see many animals courting.

Translations[edit]

to attempt to win over

Catalan: cortejar (ca)
Chinese:

Mandarin: 追 (zh) (zhuī), 追求 (zh) (zhuīqiú), 求愛／求爱 (zh) (qiú’ài), 獻殷勤／献殷勤 (zh) (xiàn yīnqín)
Czech: dvořit se
Danish: gøre kur til
Dutch: het hof maken, vrijen (nl)
Esperanto: amindumi (eo)
French: courtiser (fr), faire la cour (à) (fr)
Georgian: please add this translation if you can
German: werben (de), den Hof machen
Greek: ερωτοτροπώ (el) (erototropó)

Ancient: μνηστεύω (mnēsteúō)
Hungarian: udvarol (hu)
Italian: corteggiare (it), fare la corte
Japanese: 求愛する (ja) (きゅうあいする, kyūai suru)
Korean: 구애하다 (ko) (guaehada)
Luxembourgish: freien
Manx: sooree
Maori: whakaporepore
Norman: faithe la carre (Jersey)
Polish: zalecać się (pl)
Portuguese: cortejar (pt)
Russian: уха́живать (ru) impf (uxáživatʹ), сва́таться (ru) impf (svátatʹsja), добива́ться расположе́ния impf (dobivátʹsja raspoložénija)
Spanish: cortejar (es), (Chile, informal) pololear (es), galantear (es), rondar (es)
Telugu: గెలిచే ప్రయత్నము (gelicē prayatnamu)
Ukrainian: залиця́тися (uk) (zalycjátysja)

Anagrams[edit]

Crout, Curto, Turco, Turco-, crout

French[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /kuʁ/
Homophones: cour, coure, courent, coures, courre, cours, courts
Rhymes: -uʁ

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old French curt, from Latin curtus.

Adjective[edit]

court (feminine courte, masculine plural courts, feminine plural courtes)

short

Derived terms[edit]

à court
à court terme
avoir la mémoire courte
avoir le respire court et le discours égaré
circuit court
couper court
court sur pattes
court-circuit
courte échelle
les plaisanteries les plus courtes sont les meilleures
mémoire à court terme
pendre haut et court
piste courte
pour faire court
prendre de court
tirer à la courte paille
tourner court
tout court

[edit]

accourcir
écourter

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb[edit]

court

third-person singular present indicative of courir

Etymology 3[edit]

Borrowed from English court.

Noun[edit]

court m (plural courts)

(tennis) court

Derived terms[edit]

fond de court

Middle English[edit]