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Suffixes: What Are They?

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Suffixes are “word parts” that can alter many different components of a word. Because of that, it’s vital to know how to use them correctly. We’ll show you how.

“Suffixes” are a type of “affix.”

What’s a Suffix?

A suffix is a letter or a group of letters that are added to the end of a word. It can change its meaning or grammatical properties. For example, the suffix “-al” can change nouns into adjectives, and “-s” can change nouns from singular to plural.

Music → Musical
Phone → Phones

First Things First: What’s an Affix?

To thoroughly understand what suffixes are, you must first be familiar with affixes.

Consider these the alchemists of the spelling and vocabulary world. Affixes are basically “word parts” (morphemes) that are added to the base of a word and have the power to completely alter its meaning or word form.

The two major types of affixes in English are prefixes and suffixes. This blog post will focus on suffixes and tell you what they are, go over the different types, and provide examples.

What Is a Suffix?

A suffix is a type of affix that is found at the end of a word. A suffix can be just one letter or a group of letters.

joyful

joyless

joys

In the examples above, “-ful,” “-less,” and “-s” are suffixes. All of these suffixes serve a different purpose and uniquely change the word. Here are some more examples of suffixes and their meanings:

“-able” means “capable of being” → debatable

“-ful” means “full of” → wonderful

“-hood” means “state or condition of” → puppyhood

“-less” means “without” → defenseless

“-ment” means “action or process of” → encouragement

“-ship” means “state or condition of” → friendship

“-tion” means “action or process of” → hospitalization

“-ity” means “state or quality of” → clarity

“-ize” means “to make or become” → accessorize

This is just a brief list of English suffixes. There are many of them, and each adds to words in different ways. There are different categories of suffixes, though, which we’ll explore below.

What’s the Difference Between a Prefix and a Suffix?

While a suffix is found at the end of a word (e.g., relationship), a prefix is found at the beginning of a word (e.g., disinfect). A few more examples of prefixes include:

“anti-” (which means “against or opposed to”): Antiviral
“pre-” (which means “before”): Prerequisite
“un-” (which means “not or opposite of”): Unstable

Types of Suffixes

In English, there are two different types of suffixes: inflectional suffixes and derivational suffixes.

Inflectional Suffixes

Inflectional suffixes are suffixes that change the grammatical properties of a word, including function, tense, mood, aspect, and more. They do not, however, change the word’s basic meaning or part of speech.

Suffix	Change Made	Example
“-ed”	Changes a verb to past tense	Walk vs. Walked
“-en”	Changes a verb to past participle (irregular)	Take vs. (had) Taken
“-er”	Creates a comparative degree in adjectives and adverbs	Slow vs. Slower
“-ing”	Changes a verb to past participle and gerund	Dance vs. Dancing
“-(e)s”	Changes noun from singular to plural	Cat vs. Cats
“-est”	Creates a superlative degree in adjectives and adverbs	Slow vs. Slowest
“-(e)s”	Changes a verb to its third-person present	Make vs. Makes

Derivational Suffixes

Derivational suffixes, on the other hand, can create a new word with a different meaning and part of speech. For example, adding “-ly” to “slow” changes it from an adjective to an adverb.

There are two types of derivational suffixes: class-changing derivation and class-maintaining derivation. Those that are class-maintaining create a new word but maintain the part of speech. Here are examples of derivational suffixes and what category they fall under:

Suffix	Changes Made	Example
“-able/-ible”	Verbs → Adjectives	Tolerate vs. Tolerable
“-ant”	Verbs → Nouns	Ignore vs. Ignorant
“-ess”	Word remains a noun	Actor vs. Actress
“-hood”	Word remains a noun	Neighbor vs. Neighborhood
“-ity”	Adjectives → Nouns	Absurd vs. Absurdity
“-like”	Nouns → Adjectives	Child vs. Childlike
“-ness»	Adjectives → Nouns	Dark vs. Darkness
-tion/-ion/-ation	Verbs → Nouns	Imagine vs. Imagination

Keep in mind that roots of a word can have more than one suffix. For instance, the word playfulness has the suffixes “-ful” and “-ness.”

Suffix Rules: Understanding and Using Them Correctly

Please be aware that you can’t just add a suffix to any word. Using suffixes correctly requires a thorough comprehension of their rules and guidelines.

For example, when you’re adding a suffix that starts with a vowel to a word that ends in a final silent “-e,” the final “-e” should be dropped.

imagine + “-able” = imaginable

exercise + “-ing” = exercising

Or, when adding a suffix to a word that ends in a consonant plus “y,” change the “y” to an “i” in most cases.

try + “-ed” = tried

busy + “-ily” = busily

These are just two of the many rules behind using suffixes. Luckily, LanguageTool can ensure proper spelling and use of suffixes. This advanced writing assistant goes beyond checking for errors and also analyzes your text thoroughly to make stylistic recommendations and enhance your writing completely.

It supports more than 30 languages and is free to try!

Suffixes can alter a word’s meaning or form.

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns, adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs. Suffixes can carry grammatical information (inflectional suffixes) or lexical information (derivational/lexical suffixes). An inflectional suffix or a grammatical suffix.^[1] Such inflection changes the grammatical properties of a word within its syntactic category. For derivational suffixes, they can be divided into two categories: class-changing derivation and class-maintaining derivation.

Particularly in the study of Semitic languages, suffixes are called affirmatives, as they can alter the form of the words. In Indo-European studies, a distinction is made between suffixes and endings (see Proto-Indo-European root). Suffixes can carry grammatical information or lexical information.

A word-final segment that is somewhere between a free morpheme and a bound morpheme is known as a suffixoid^[2] or a semi-suffix^[3] (e.g., English -like or German -freundlich «friendly»).

Examples[edit]

English[edit]

Girls—where the suffix -s marks the plurality.

He makes—where suffix -s marks the third person singular present tense.

It closed—where the suffix -ed marks the past tense.

French[edit]

De beaux jours—where the suffix -x marks the plural.

Elle est passablement jolie—where the suffix -e marks the feminine form of the adjective.

German[edit]

mein Computer—where the lack of suffixes is because its case, nominative, is «unmarked»

meines Computers—genitive case

meinem Computer—dative case

meinen Computer—accusative case

Russian[edit]

мой компьютер—where the lack of suffixes is because its case, nominative, is «unmarked»

моего компьютера—genitive case

моему компьютеру—dative case

мой компьютер—accusative case

за-туш-и-ть свечу—where first word has -и- suffix, -ть ending (infinitive form); second word with ending -у (accusative case, singular, feminine).

добр-о-жел-а-тель-н-ый—добр- root, -о- interfix, -жел- root, verbal -a- interfix, nominal -тель suffix, adjectival -н- suffix, adjectival -ый ending (nominative case, singular, masculine).

Barngarla[edit]

wárraidya «emu» — where the lack of suffixes is because its grammatical number, singular, is «unmarked»

wárraidyalbili «two emus» — dual

wárraidyarri «emus» — plural

wárraidyailyarranha «a lot of emus», «heaps of emus» — superplural^[4]^{: 227–228}

Inflectional suffixes[edit]

Inflection changes the grammatical properties of a word within its syntactic category. In the example:

I was hoping the cloth wouldn’t fade, but it has faded quite a bit.

the suffix -d inflects the root-word fade to indicate past participle.

Inflectional suffixes do not change the word class of the word after the inflection.^[5] Inflectional suffixes in Modern English include:

Verbs[edit]

-s third person singular simple present tense
-ed past tense and past participle
-t past tense (weak irregular)
-ing present participle and gerund
-en past participle (irregular)

Nouns[edit]

-s plural number
-en plural number (irregular)

Adjectives and Adverbs[edit]

-er comparative degree
-est superlative degree

Derivation[edit]

Derivational suffixes can be divided into two categories: class-changing derivation and class-maintaining derivation.^[6] In English, they include

-ise/-ize (usually changes nouns into verbs)
-fy (usually changes nouns into verbs)
-ly (usually changes adjectives into adverbs, but also some nouns into adjectives)
-ful (usually changes nouns into adjectives)
-able/-ible (usually changes verbs into adjectives)
-hood (usually class-maintaining, with the word class remaining a noun)
-ess (usually class-maintaining, with the word class remaining a noun)
-ness (usually changes adjectives into nouns)
-less (usually changes nouns into adjectives)
-ism (usually class-maintaining, with the word class remaining a noun)
-ment (usually changes verbs into nouns)
-ist (usually class-maintaining, with the word class remaining a noun)
-al (usually changes nouns into adjectives)
-ish (usually changes nouns into adjectives/ class-maintaining, with the word class remaining an adjective)
-oid (usually changes nouns into adjectives)
-like (usually changes nouns into adjectives)
-ity (usually changes adjectives into nouns)
-tion/-ion/ation (usually changes verbs into noun)
-logy/-ology (usually class-maintaining, with the word class remaining a noun)
-ant (usually changes verbs into nouns, often referring to a human agent)

Altered Proununciation in English[edit]

A suffix will often change the stress or accent pattern of a multi-syllable word, altering the phoneme pattern of the root word even if the root’s morphology does not change. ^[7] An example is the difference between «photograph» and «photography.» In this case, the «-fy» ending governs the stress pattern, causing the primary stress to shift from the first syllable («-pho») to the antepenultimate («-to»). The unaccented syllables have their ordinary vowel sound changed to a schwa. This can be a particular problem for dyslexics, affecting their phonemic awareness, ^[8] as well as a hurdle for non-native speakers.

Synthetic languages[edit]

Many synthetic languages—Czech, German, Finnish, Latin, Hungarian, Russian, Turkish, etc.—use many endings.

References[edit]

^ Mead, Jonathan (1993). Proceedings of the 11th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics. Center for the Study of Language (CSLI). ISBN 978-1-881526-12-4.
^ Kremer, Marion. 1997. Person reference and gender in translation: a contrastive investigation of English and German. Tübingen: Gunter Narr, p. 69, note 11.
^ Marchand, Hans. 1969. The categories and types of present-day English word-formation: A synchronic-diachronic approach. Munich: Beck, pp. 356 ff.
^ Zuckermann, Ghil’ad 2020, Revivalistics: From the Genesis of Israeli to Language Reclamation in Australia and Beyond, Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199812790 / ISBN 9780199812776
^ Jackson and Amvela (2000): Word, Meaning and Vocabulary; An Introduction to Modern English Lexicology. London, Athenaeum Press, p. 83
^ Jackson and Amvela (2000): Word, Meaning and Vocabulary; An Introduction to Modern English Lexicology. London, Athenaeum Press, p. 88
^ Nancy K. Lewkowicz, «Pronouncing Longer Words: Don’t Begin at the Beginning.» Journal of Reading, Vol. 29, No. 3 (Dec., 1985), 226-237. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40029663
^ «Dyslexia Help: Success Starts Here.» University of Michigan. http://dyslexiahelp.umich.edu/professionals/learn-about-dyslexia/diagnosing-dyslexia

External links[edit]

Media related to Suffixes at Wikimedia Commons

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A suffix is a type of affix that is placed at the end of a root word (or ‘base’) to change its meaning or grammatical function. Suffixes are essential as they help us to adapt words.

Suffix definition

Suffixes are often used to change the word class of a word. For example, we can change the adjective ‘excited’ to the adverb ‘excitedly’ using the suffix -ly. We can also create comparative and superlative forms of the adjective by attaching the suffixes -er or -est to a root word eg. ‘fast’ to ‘faster‘ and ‘fastest‘.

Suffixes can also change a word to show plurality, eg. ‘dog’ (singular) to ‘dogs‘ (plural), and tense eg. ‘play’ (present tense) to ‘played‘ (past tense), and more.

Examples of Suffixes

Happy → Happily

An example of a suffix is the word ending -ly in happily. The -ly in happily refers to the manner in which an action is performed (in a happy way); the adjective ‘happy’ becomes the adverb ‘happily’.

Smart → Smarter/Smartest

Other examples are the suffixes -er in ‘smarter’ and -est in ‘smartest’. The suffixes -er and -est allow us to compare two or more things. Adding the suffix -er to the word ‘smart’ would make the adjective comparative (smarter), and adding -est to ‘smart’ makes it a superlative (smartest).

Let’s take a further look at how suffixes can change the grammatical properties, word class, or meaning of their root words. We will talk about the use of suffixes with nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs.

Fig 1. The river Nile is the longest river in the world

Suffixes in Nouns

A noun is a word that names something or someone. This can be a name of a person, place, animal, food, concept, or thing eg. ‘Joe’, ‘carrot’, ‘dog’, ‘London’ etc.

Here are examples of suffixes in nouns. Notice how each example derives from a root word (eg. ‘kindness’ has the root word of ‘kind’):

Suffix	Meaning	Examples
-ist	One who practices something	dentist, optometrist, florist, chemist
-acy	Quality, state of being	privacy, piracy, delicacy, legacy
-ism	Theory, act, or belief	criticism, capitalism, classism, masochism
-sion, -tion	Action or condition	decision, information, election
-ship	Position held	internship, fellowship, citizenship, ownership
-ness	State of being, condition, or quality	happiness, kindness, lightness, awareness
-ity	Quality, state, or degree	responsibility, generosity, activity, captivity
-dom	State of being or place	kingdom, freedom, boredom, wisdom
-ment	Action, process, or result of	investment, judgment, establishment, retirement

It’s important to note that we do sometimes have to change the spelling of certain words in order to add the suffix; this often depends on the last letters of the word we want to change.

eg. to change adjectives like ‘responsible’ and ‘active’ to the nouns ‘responsibility’ and ‘activity’ we need to remove the ‘e’ before adding the inflection ‘ity’.
eg. to change words like ‘private’ and ‘pirate’ to the nouns ‘piracy’ and ‘privacy’ we need to remove the letters ‘te’ before adding the inflection ‘acy’.

Suffixes showing the plural

Here is an example of a suffix changing the grammatical properties of a noun:

There was one balloon in the room.

Imagine another balloon is placed in the room. The noun ‘balloon’ must be altered in order to maintain the grammatical correctness of the sentence:

There were two balloons in the room.

Here, the suffix -s is used to make the noun ‘balloon’ plural, ‘balloons’. The suffix shows that there is more than one balloon.

Suffixes for agreement

The suffix -s isn’t just used to show the plural. In Standard English, we have to add the suffix -s or -es to the base form of a regular verb when using the third person. For example, I wait → she waits or I watch → He watches.

Suffixes in Adjectives

An adjective is a word that describes a feature or quality of a noun, such as its colour, size, quantity etc.

Here are examples of suffixes in adjectives. Notice how each example derives from a root word (eg. ‘beautiful’ is from the root word ‘beauty’) :

Suffix	Meaning	Examples
-ful	Full of	beautiful, deceitful, truthful, useful
-able, -ible	Capable of being	notable, credible, preventable, sensible
-al	Pertaining to	original, seasonal, emotional, theatrical
-ary	Relating to or condition of	honorary, cautionary, necessary, ordinary
-ious, -ous	Possessing the quality of	studious, nervous, cautious, humorous
-less	Without something	useless, restless, hopeless, fearless
-ive	Quality of or nature of	creative, destructive, receptive, divisive
-worthy	Deserving of	trustworthy, noteworthy, newsworthy, praiseworthy

Let’s look at an example of the suffix —less changing the grammatical properties of the word ‘fear‘.

The girl has no fear → The girl is fearless.

Here the suffix -less changes the noun ‘fear’ to the adjective ‘fearless’. The suffix -less, therefore, shows that someone is without something.

Suffixes in Verbs

A verb is a word that expresses an action, event, feeling, or state of being.

Here are examples of suffixes in verbs. Notice how each example derives from its root word (eg. ‘strengthen’ comes from the root word ‘strength’) :

Suffix	Meaning	Examples
-en	To become	strengthen, fasten, loosen, tighten
-ed	Past action	cried, played, jumped, crafted
-ing	Current or ongoing action	singing, dancing, laughing, cooking
-ise, (-ize as the American spelling)	To cause or become	criticise, merchandise, villainise, socialise
-ate	To become or be full of	reciprocate, regulate, passionate, considerate
-ify, -fy	To cause or become	terrify, justify, satisfy, rectify

Suffixes showing tense

Suffixes can change the grammatical properties of a verb by indicating when an action was performed. Take a look at the following example:

The man laughs at the pantomime.

The suffix -ed can be added to the root verb ‘laugh’ to indicate that the action occurred in the past:

The man laughed at the pantomime.

We can also add the suffix -ing to the verb ‘laugh’ to show a continuous action:

The man is laughing at the pantomime.

Suffixes in Adverbs

An adverb is a word that gives more detail about a word (often an adjective, verb, or another adverb).

Here are examples of suffixes in adverbs. Notice how each example derives from its root word (eg. ‘excitedly’ has the root word of ‘excited’) :

Suffix	Meaning	Examples
-ly	Manner in which something occurs	excitedly, hurriedly, nervously, sadly
-wise	In relation to	otherwise, clockwise, lengthwise, likewise
-ward	Direction	forward, backward
-ways	Direction	sideways, frontways

Let’s look at an example:

The woman shouted in an excited manner → The woman shouted excitedly.

Here, the suffix -ly changes the word ‘excited’ from an adjective to an adverb (‘excitedly’). This helps to express the meaning of the sentence in a more concise way.

Derivational or Inflectional Suffixes

There are two types of suffixes in English — derivational suffixes and inflectional suffixes. Let’s look at what they are along with some examples.

Inflectional Suffixes

Inflection is a process of changing the grammatical properties of a word. Inflectional suffixes are therefore suffixes that change the grammatical properties of words.

For example, when we add the suffix -ed to the root word ‘laugh’, the present tense ‘laugh’ becomes the past tense ‘laughed’.

What distinguishes inflectional suffixes from derivational suffixes is that adding an inflectional suffix to the root word does not change the syntactic category (or word class) of the word. In other words, if a word is a verb and has an inflectional suffix added to it, it cannot change word class eg. if we add the inflectional suffix -ing to the verb ‘sleep’, this can’t then be made into an adverb (‘sleepingly’) as it won’t make sense. In other words, we can only add one inflectional suffix at a time.

Below are examples of inflectional suffixes belonging to different syntactic categories:

NOUNS:

Inflectional Suffix	Meaning	Example
-s	Plural number	flowers, shoes, rings, cars
-en	Plural number	children, oxen, chicken

VERBS:

Inflectional Suffix	Meaning	Example
-ed	Past action	wasted, screamed, jumped, removed
-t	Past action	dreamt, slept, wept, crept
-ing	Present action	sleeping, eating, laughing, crying
-en	Past action	eaten, awoken, stolen, taken

ADJECTIVES/ADVERBS:

Inflectional Suffix	Meaning	Example
-er	Comparative	faster, stronger, longer, harder
-est	Superlative	fastest, strongest, longest, hardest

As you can see, inflectional morphemes maintain the word class of a word. ‘Flower’ and ‘flowers’ both remain as nouns whilst ‘jump’ and ‘jumped’ remain as verbs.

Fig 2. The suffix ‘-ing’ shows that planning is a current action

Derivational Suffixes

Derivational Suffixes create new words that ‘derive’ from the original root word.

Adding a derivational suffix to the root word often changes the syntactic category (or word class) of the word. For example, we can add the suffix -ation to the verb ‘derive’ to make it a noun (‘derivation’). We can then add another suffix, -al, to make this word an adjective (‘derivational’)! These are examples of class-changing suffixes.

However, this is not always the case. The suffix -ist often maintains the root word’s syntactic category eg. ‘classist’ is a noun that is derivative of the noun ‘class’. Another noun, ‘pianist’, is derivative of the noun ‘piano’. The suffix -ist is an example of a class-maintaining suffix.

Here are some examples of both class-changing suffixes and class-maintaining suffixes:

Class Changing suffixes:

Suffix	Example	Word Class
-ful	beautiful, bountiful	NOUN → ADJECTIVE
-ise/ize	realise, visualise	NOUN → VERB
-tion	situation, justification	VERB → NOUN
-ment	judgement, punishment	VERB → NOUN
-ly	stunningly, terrifyingly	ADJECTIVE→ ADVERB

Class Maintaining suffixes:

Suffix	Example	Word Class
-ism	classism, racism	NOUN → NOUN
-ist	chemist, florist	NOUN → NOUN
-ess	heiress, seamstress	NOUN → NOUN
-ology	Ideology, methodology	NOUN → NOUN

The Importance of suffixes in English

Let’s look at the place of suffixes in English and why they are so important.

Suffixes as morphemes

Suffixes and prefixes are types of affixes.

An affix is a type of morpheme, which is the smallest unit of meaning.
More specifically, it is a bound morpheme, a type of morpheme that has to be part of a larger expression. They attach (or ‘bind’) to a root word.
Affixes are not words themselves, they must be attached to a root word to be used.

What are the benefits of using suffixes?

Expands our vocabulary, helping to improve our overall language use.
Helps to make a sentence more concise.
Trains learners to construct/deconstruct words and alter a word’s grammar or syntactic category eg. learning to convert nouns to verbs, nouns to adjectives, adjectives to adverbs, etc., helps us to understand sentence construction.
Can reveal a lot of extra information about a word, such as tense, word class, plurality, the meaning of the word as a whole, etc.

Suffixes are a big part of English grammar and an understanding of suffixes is essential for more varied language use.

Suffix — Key takeaways

A suffix is a type of affix that is placed at the end of a root word to change its meaning or grammatical function.
Suffixes are often used to change the word class of a word, show plurality, show tense, and more.
There are two types of suffixes in the English language — derivational suffixes and inflectional suffixes.
Inflectional suffixes change the grammatical properties of words.
Derivational Suffixes create new words that ‘derive’ from the original root word. Adding a derivational suffix to the root word can change the syntactic category of the word (class-changing suffixes) or maintain the root word’s syntactic category (class-maintaining suffixes).
A suffix is a bound morpheme meaning it must be attached to a root word.

Frequently Asked Questions about Suffix

A suffix is an affix placed at the end of a word, which has the effect of changing the meaning of the root word.

There are two types of suffix — inflectional suffixes and derivational suffixes. Inflectional suffixes change the grammatical properties of words, while derivational suffixes create new words that are ‘derived’ from the original root word.

Some common suffixes are -ed (laughed, jumped), -ing (smiling, riding), -tion (situation, justification), -able (reasonable, advisable).

-acy
-al
-ance
-dom
-er, -or
-ism
-ist
-ity, -ty
-ment
-ness
-ship
-ate
-en
-ify, -fy
-ise, -ize
-able, -ible
-al
-esque
-ful
-ic, -ical

A suffix is a type of affix that goes at the end of a word to change it’s meaning.

Final Suffix Quiz

Suffix Quiz — Teste dein Wissen

Question

Which of the following is defined as ‘an addition to the root word that either alters its meaning or creates an entirely new word’?

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Question

Fill in the blanks: A ______ is an ______ placed at the end of a word, which has the effect of changing the meaning of the root word.

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Question

True or False?: Prefix and Suffix are both a type of morpheme

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Answer

True — they are both types of affixes, which is a type of morpheme.

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Question

Which of the following is not a suffix?

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Question

What is the difference between inflectional and derivational suffixes?

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Answer

Inflectional suffixes change the grammatical properties of the root word, while derivational suffixes create new words that are ‘derived’ from the original root word.

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Question

What are the two types of derivational suffixes?

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Answer

Class-changing suffixes and Class-maintaining suffixes.

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Question

Match the inflectional suffixes with their syntactic categories: noun, verb, and adjective/adverb.

-er, -est
-ed, -ing, -en, -t
-en, -s

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Answer

a) adjective/adverb

b) verb

c) noun

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Question

Reword this sentence to turn the noun into an adjective with the use of a suffix:

The man was totally without hope.

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Question

Why is the suffix -ment in words such as establishment, government, and embarrassment not a class-maintaining suffix?

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Answer

Because the root words go from being a verb to a noun when the suffix is added.

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Question

Which of these is not a benefit of suffixes?

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Answer

Trains learners in the ability to construct/deconstruct words, alter a word’s grammar or syntactic category.

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Question

What is the meaning of the suffix -er (which belongs to the adjectives/adverbs word class)?

Comparative
Superlative
Past action
Current action

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Answer

a), -er is a suffix used for comparatives — e.g bigger, longer, stronger.

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Question

True or False: Adding an inflectional suffix to the root word changes both the grammar of the word, and its syntactic category (or word class).

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Answer

False — Inflectional suffixes ONLY change the grammatical properties of a word.

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Question

The suffix -ful changes a word from this word class to another word class (e.g beautiful, joyful, vengeful):

NOUN → VERB
ADJECTIVE→ NOUN
ADVERB → ADJECTIVE
NOUN→ ADJECTIVE

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Answer

d), ‘beauty’ is a noun, adding -ful makes it an adjective — ‘beautiful’.

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Question

Reword this sentence to turn the noun into an adjective with the use of a suffix:

The man was full of hope.

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Question

Reword this sentence turning the adjective into a superlative:

No one in the class was as fast as him.

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Answer

He was the fastest boy in the class.

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Question

In terms of tense, what does the suffix ‘-ing’ imply?

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Answer

That the action is present and ongoing. E.g. ‘he is running now.’

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Question

Identify the suffix:

‘The cake was sickly sweet.’

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Answer

The suffix is the ‘-ly’ at the end of sickly.

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Question

Identify the suffix:

‘She visited him last week.’

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Answer

The suffix is the ‘-ed’ at the end of ‘visited’

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Источник

What is a suffix?

Suffixes are morphemes (specific groups of letters with particular semantic meaning) that are added onto the end of root words to change their meaning. Suffixes are one of the two predominant kinds of affixes—the other kind is prefixes, which come at the beginning of a root word.

There is a huge range of suffixes in English, which can be broadly categorized as either inflectional or derivational.

Inflectional and Derivational Suffixes

Suffixes are used to change the grammatical function of an existing word. Sometimes this change is minor, with the word retaining its basic meaning and word class (part of speech) but conforming to the grammatical rules required by the structure of the sentence; these are known as inflectional suffixes. More often, the addition of a suffix results in the formation of a word that is in a completely different class and shares a meaning similar to the original root word; these are called derivational suffixes.

Inflectional Suffixes

Inflection refers to the changing of a word’s spelling according to the grammatical structure of a sentence. This is often accomplished by adding a specific suffix onto the end of a root word.

These inflectional suffixes are only used to modify the grammatical meaning of a word; they do not change a word from one part of speech to another, nor do they alter the fundamental meaning of the word. For example, the suffix “-s” is used with most nouns to indicate that they are plural (i.e., more than one), as in boys and girls. The basic meanings of the root words boy and girl do not change; they’ve simply been inflected to show that the speaker is talking about more than one.

Inflectional suffixes can be used with nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. The tables below show all of the inflectional suffixes used with these parts of speech, as well as examples of each.

Inflectional Suffixes of Nouns

Suffix	Grammatical Function	Example Words
“-s”	Changes most nouns from singular to plural.	bank→banks car→cars pizza→pizzas toy→toys wire→wires
“-es”	Forms the plural for nouns ending in a sibilant sound (/s/, /z/, /ʧ/, or /ʃ/) as created by the endings “-ss,” “-z,” “-x,” “-sh,” “-ch,” or “-tch.”	coach→coaches watch→watches dish→dishes box→boxes bus→buses kiss→two kisses waltz→waltzes
“-en”	Changes certain irregular nouns* from singular to plural.	ox→oxen child→children brother→brethren

(*There are many irregular plural forms of nouns that do not adhere to any specific spelling pattern. To learn more about these and other rules for making nouns plural, see the section on Forming Plurals.)

Inflectional Suffixes of Verbs

Suffix	Grammatical Function	Example Words
“-s”	Forms the third-person singular for most verbs.	hear→hears run→runs think→thinks write→writes
“-es”	Forms the third-person singular for verbs ending in a sibilant sound (/s/, /z/, /ʧ/, or /ʃ/) created by the endings “-ss,” “-z,” “-x,” “-sh,” “-ch,” or “-tch,” as well as verbs ending in a consonant + O.	approach→approaches catch→catches do→does go→goes hush→hushes pass→passes quiz→quizzes
“-ed”	Forms the past simple tense and past participle of most verbs.	ask→asked burn→burned dare→dared hope→hoped open→opened talk→talked walk→walked
“-en”	Forms the past participle of some irregular verbs.	be→been drive→driven eat→eaten give→given got→gotten sink→sunken write→written
“-ing”	Forms the present participle and gerund of verbs.	build→building care→caring hear→hearing pass→passing read→reading see→seeing wear→wearing

Inflectional Suffixes of Adjectives and Adverbs

Suffix	Grammatical Function	Example Words
“-er”	Forms the comparative degree for many adjectives and adverbs.	big→bigger fast→faster* happy→happier high→higher* sad→sadder slow→slower*
“-est”	Forms the superlative degree for many adjectives and adverbs.	big→biggest fast→fastest* happy→happiest high→highest* sad→saddest slow→slowest*

(*These words function either as adjectives or adverbs, depending on their use. Those without an asterisk only function as adjectives.)

Derivational Suffixes

Unlike inflectional suffixes, derivational suffixes create a new—though related—meaning in the word that’s formed. In many cases, the word formed by the addition of a derivational suffix will belong to a completely different part of speech (or word class). Suffixes that cause a shift in word class are sometimes referred to as class-changing suffixes.

There are many, many derivational suffixes used in English—too many to list here. We’ll just look at those most commonly encountered in day-to-day writing and speech.

It’s important to note that many words in modern English feature suffixes used with Latin, Old English, or foreign-language roots. For the sake of simplicity, we’ll mostly be focusing on examples of roots that can stand alone as words (with a few notable exceptions).

Suffixes that form nouns

Derivational suffixes that create nouns most often attach to verbs and (to a lesser degree) adjectives. However, several noun suffixes are also class-maintaining, meaning they form new nouns from other existing nouns. We’ll look at some of these a little later.

Suffix	Suffix meaning	Attaches to	Example words
“-age”	An action, process, or its result; a thing or place used for such an action.	verbs (Often a class-maintaining suffix, as we’ll see later.)	append→appendage block→blockage cover→coverage dote→dotage haul→haulage pack→package seep→seepage shrink→shrinkage store→storage use→usage wreck→wreckage
“-al”	An action or process.	verbs	approve→approval betray→betrayal bury→burial deny→denial dispose→disposal propose→proposal renew→renewal reverse→reversal
“-ance”	An action, process, state, condition, or quality.	verbs most adjectives ending in “-ant”	appear→appearance arrogant→arrogance brilliant→brilliance comply→compliance deliver→deliverance endure→endurance fragrant→fragrance ignorant→ignorance perform→performance reluctant→reluctance tolerate→tolerance
“-dom”	A state or condition.	adjectives (More often a class-maintaining suffix, as we’ll see later.)	bored→boredom free→freedom wise→wisdom
“-ee”	A person or thing receiving the effect of an action; less commonly, a person or thing controlling or performing a passive action.	verbs	absent→absentee address→addressee devote→devotee employ→employee interview→interviewee nominate→nominee train→trainee trust→trustee
“-ence”	An action, process, state, condition, or quality.	verbs most adjectives ending in “-ent”	absent→absence cohere→coherence defer→deference evident→evidence exist→existence intelligent→intelligence lenient→lenience occur→occurrence patient→patience persist→persistence revere→reverence silent→silence transfer→transference
“-er”	A person or thing performing or capable of a particular action.	verbs	bake→baker compose→composer cook→cooker defend→defender employ→employer interview→interviewer keep→keeper teach→teacher write→writer
“-ery”	The act, process, or practice of doing something, or a place for such.	verbs	bake→bakery bribe→bribery debauch→debauchery distill→distillery hatch→hatchery mock→mockery rob→robbery trick→trickery
“-ication”	A state, condition, action, process, or practice, or the result thereof.	verbs ending in “-fy”	amplify→amplification clarify→clarification dignify→dignification falsify→falsifiication glorify→glorification identify→identification justify→justification modify→modification quantify→quantification simplify→simplification unify→unification
“-ism”	1. An action, process, or practice. 2. A state, condition, or quality. 3. A doctrine, theory, or set of guiding principles.	1. verbs 2 & 3. adjectives	active→activism antagonize→antagonism baptize→baptism criticize→criticism colloquial→colloquialism exorcize→exorciism feminine→feminism liberal→liberalism metabolize→metabolism modern→modernism pacific→pacifism
“-ist”	One who performs a particular action, process, or practice.	verbs (More often a class-maintaining suffix, as we’ll see later.)	antagonize→antagonist cycle→cyclist exorcize→exorcicist lobby→lobbyist theorize→theorist
“-(i)ty” (The i is dropped if the preceding vowel sound is or becomes unstressed.)	A state, condition, trait, or quality.	adjectives	able→ability certain→certainty cruel→cruelty dual→duality equal→equality feminine→femininity frail→frailty hilarious→hilarity masculine→masculinity mature→maturity plural→plurality pure→purity secure→security
“-ment”	An action or process, or the result thereof.	verbs	adjust→adjustment bereave→bereavement contain→containment disappoint→disappointment employ→employment fulfill→fulfillment judge→judgment move→movement place→placement resent→resentment treat→treatment
“-ness”	A state, condition, trait, or measurement thereof.	adjectives	alert→alertness cold→coldness dark→darkness exact→exactness fierce→fierceness happy→happiness kind→kindness like→likeness selfish→selfishness useful→usefulness
“-or”	A person or thing controlling or performing an action.	verbs	act→actor communicate→communicator direct→director educate→educator invest→investor profess→professor sail→sailor survive→survivor translate→translator
“-sion”	A state, condition, action, process, or practice, or the result thereof.	verbs	admit→admission allude→allusion compel→compulsion convert→conversion decide→decision divert→diversion emit→emission extend→extension impress→impression invade→invasion invert→inversion obsess→obsession propel→propulsion seclude→seclusion suspend→suspension transmit→transmission
“-tion”	A state, condition, action, process, or practice, or the result thereof.	verbs	act→action affect→affection communicate→communication complete→completion direct→direction educate→education evolve→evolution inscribe→inscription interrupt→interruption misconceive→misconception resolve→resolution subscribe→subscription translate→translation

Nouns formed from other nouns

As we mentioned already, many suffixes attach to existing nouns to create another noun with a new meaning. Because the words remain nouns, these suffixes are known as class-maintaining suffixes. (We looked at some of these already—they can be either class maintaining or class changing, depending on the root word that the suffix attaches to.)

Here are some of the most common:

Suffix	Suffix meaning	Example words
“-age”	1. A collection or group; a mass or amount. 2. A status, relationship, or connection. 3. A condition or state of being. 4. A place of residence. 4. A rate or measurement of.	acre→acreage bag→baggage baron→baronage bond→bondage cube→cubage floor→floorage foot→footage front→frontage hermit→hermitage mile→mileage orphan→orphanage pasture→pasturage percent→percentage sewer→sewerage vicar→vicarage watt→wattage
“-(e)ry” (The e is usually dropped if the preceding vowel sound is or becomes unstressed.)	1. A group, collection, category, or class of things. 2. A state or condition of being. 3. The characteristic qualities, actions, or behavior. 4. A practice or occupation.	ancestor→ancestry buffoon→buffoonery circuit→circuitry crock→crockery dentist→dentistry image→imagery peasant→peasantry pedant→pedantry prude→prudery scene→scenery snob→snobbery zealot→zealotry
“-ist”	1. One who produces, practices, plays, operates, or is otherwise connected to a specific thing or activity. 2. One who follows or adheres to a certain doctrine, theory, or set of guiding principles. 3. One who specializes in a specific field of study.	activism→activist anthropology→anthropologist art→artist bass→bassist biology→biologist Calvinism→Calvinist capitalism→capitalist feminism→feminist guitar→guitarist modernism→modernist novel→novelist pacifism→pacifist pharmacy→pharmacist piano→pianist psychiatry→psychiatrist racism→racist romanticism→romanticist science→scientist zoology→zoologist
“-dom”	1. A state, quality, or condition. 2. A specified domain or jurisdiction. 3. A particular rank or position.	duke→dukedom earl→earldom chief→chiefdom Christian→Christendom fan→fandom king→kingdom martyr→martyrdom prince→princedom star→stardom
“-hood”	1. A state, quality, or condition. 2. A group sharing a state, quality, or condition.	adult→adulthood boy→boyhood brother→brotherhood child→childhood father→fatherhood girl→girlhood knight→knighthood man→manhood mother→motherhood parent→parenthood sister→sisterhood woman→womanhood
“-ship”	1. A state, quality, or condition. 2. A particular rank, status, or position, or the time spent in such a position. 3. Skill, craft, or artistry employed in a particular profession or practice.	apprentice→apprenticeship champion→championship citizen→citizenship craftsman→craftsmanship dealer→dealership dean→deanship friend→friendship leader→leadership penman→penmanship professor→professorship scholar→scholarship sponsor→sponsorship workman→workmanship

“-(o)logy”

Another common suffix used to form nouns is the ending “-logy” (or “-ology” when following certain consonant sounds), which produces the meaning “a branch or field of knowledge, science, theory, or study.”

This suffix usually does not attach to pre-existing English roots; instead, it more often connects to Greek or Latin roots. For example:

Root	Root Meaning	+ -(o)logy	New Meaning
astro-	star, celestial body, or outer space	astrology	Originally meaning “the science of the heavenly bodies,” astrology now refers to the study of the positions and motions of planets, stars, and the moon in the belief that they influence human decisions and characteristics.
bio-	life	biology	The science of life and living animals.
cardio-	pertaining to the heart	cardiology	The scientific study of the structures, functions, and disorders of the heart.
geo-	earth (generally) or Earth (specifically)	geology	The scientific study of the origin and structures of the Earth.
ideo-	of or pertaining to ideas	ideology	A set of doctrines or beliefs that are held by an individual or shared by members of a social group.
neuro-	of or pertaining to a nerve or the nervous system	neurology	The scientific study of the structures, functions, and disorders of the nervous system.
psych-	mind, spirit, soul	psychology	The science and study of mental and behavioral processes.
theo-	God or gods	theology	The study of the divine and of religious truths.
zoo-*	animal, living being	zoology	The study of animals, including their physiology, development, and classification.

(*The root zoo- is a combining form derived from the Greek word zoion. The English word zoo is actually a shortening of the term zoological garden.)

Because the meaning of “-(o)logy” is so well established, it is sometimes attached to existing English words to create new terms that follow the pattern established by the Greek and Latin roots. For instance:

anesthesia→anesthesiology
climate→climatology
criminal→criminology
icon→iconology
music→musicology
radiation→radiology
reflex→reflexology

However, this combination is much less common than the use of Greek or Latin roots.

Suffixes that form verbs

Derivational suffixes that create verbs attach to nouns and adjectives.

Suffix	Suffix meaning	Attaches to	Example words
“-en”	1. To become or cause to become. 2. To come or cause to have.	1. adjectives 2. nouns	black→blacken broad→broaden cheap→cheapen fright→frighten hard→harden heart→hearten length→lengthen red→redden sharp→sharpen sick→sicken strength→strengthen
“-ify”	To make or cause to become.	adjectives, nouns	ample→amplify beauty→beautify clear→clarify diverse→diversify dignity→dignify glory→glorify just→justify pure→purify null→nullify simple→simplify type→typify
“-ize”	To become or cause to become; to do or make that to which the suffix is attached.	adjectives, nouns	accessory→accessorize apology→apologize capital→capitalize civil→civilize economy→economize empathy→empathize fertile→fertilize industrial→industrialize legal→legalize human→humanize standard→standardize theory→theorize union→unionize

“-ise” vs. “-ize”

In American English, the suffix “-ize” is used to change nouns and adjectives into verbs, as we have just seen, and it also appears in verbs that do not have standalone root words. British English, however, predominantly uses the synonymous suffix “-ise.” For more information on this difference in spelling, go to the section on American English vs. British English.

“-ate”

There is also another common suffix that results in the creation of verbs: “-ate.” However, while this ending does occasionally attach to pre-existing nouns or adjectives (meaning “to act on, cause to become or be modified, or furnish with”), it is much more likely to appear in verbs that come from the past participles of Latin verbs. Even many words that look like they come directly from nouns or adjectives are in fact derived from Latin. For example:

Formed from nouns and adjectives	Formed from Latin verbs
active→activate caffeine→caffeinate caliber→calibrate hyphen→hyphenate pollen→pollinate	abbreviate→from Latin abbreviatus accentuate→from Latin accentuatus circulate→from Latin circulatus domesticate→from Latin domesticatus duplicate→from Latin duplicatus educate→from Latin educatus elongate→from Latin elongatus habituate→from Latin habituatus insulate→from Latin insulatus migrate→from Latin migratus notate→from Latin notatus separate→from Latin separatus translate→from Latin translatus

Formed from nouns and adjectives

Formed from Latin verbs

active→activate

caffeine→caffeinate

caliber→calibrate

hyphen→hyphenate

pollen→pollinate

abbreviate→from Latin abbreviatus

accentuate→from Latin accentuatus

circulate→from Latin circulatus

domesticate→from Latin domesticatus

duplicate→from Latin duplicatus

educate→from Latin educatus

elongate→from Latin elongatus

habituate→from Latin habituatus

insulate→from Latin insulatus

migrate→from Latin migratus

notate→from Latin notatus

separate→from Latin separatus

translate→from Latin translatus

Suffixes that form adjectives

Derivational suffixes that create adjectives usually attach to nouns. Much less often, they attach to verbs.

Suffix	Suffix meaning	Attaches to	Example words
“-able”	Possible; capable of; suitable for.	verbs	adore→adorable break→breakable debate→debatable do→doable excite→excitable live→livable manage→manageable read→readable stop→stoppable
“-al”	Having the characteristics of or relating to.	nouns	artifice→artificial bride→bridal brute→brutal center→central emotion→emotional form→formal logic→logical music→musical politics→political space→spatial tide→tidal
“-en”	Made of or resembling.	nouns	ash→ashen earth→earthen flax→flaxen gold→golden lead→leaden wax→waxen wood→wooden
“-ful”	1. Full of; characterized by. 2. Tending or able to.	1. nouns 2. verbs	beauty→beautiful care→careful delight→delightful forget→forgetful grace→graceful joy→joyful law→lawful mourn→mournful play→playful respect→respectful waste→wasteful
“-ible”	Possible; capable of; suitable for.	verbs	access→accessible collapse→collapsible digest→digestible divide→divisible eat→edible flex→flexible omit→omissible perceive→perceptible receive→receptible sense→sensible suggest→suggestible
“-ic”	Having the characteristics of or relating to.	nouns	acid→acidic base→basic comedy→comedic galaxy→galactic hero→heroic irony→ironic magnet→magnetic myth→mythic nostalgia→nostalgic poetry→poetic rhythm→rhythmic system→systemic
“-ical”	Having the characteristics of or relating to.	nouns	acid→atomical biology→biological comedy→comical history→historical myth→mythical philosophy→philosophical type→typical whimsy→whimsical
“-ish”	1. Typical of, similar to, or related to. 2. Of or associated with (a particular nationality, region, or language). 3. Inclined to or preoccupied with.	nouns	book→bookish boy→boyish Britain→British child→childish clown→clownish Denmark→Danish fiend→fiendish girl→girlish nightmare→nightmarish prude→prudish self→selfish Spain→Spanish Sweden→Swedish
“-less”	Lacking; deprived of; without.	nouns	aim→aimless blame→blameless color→colorless doubt→doubtless home→homeless hope→hopeless limit→limitless need→needless point→pointless rest→restless self→selfless time→timeless use→useless
“-ly”	1. Similar to or characteristic of. 2. Occurring at such intervals of time.	nouns	brother→brotherly coward→cowardly day→daily elder→elderly friend→friendly heaven→heavenly hour→hourly like→likely love→lovely month→monthly miser→miserly order→orderly scholar→scholarly year→yearly
“-ous”	Possessing; characterized by; full of.	nouns	advantage→advantageous caution→cautious disaster→disastrous fame→famous glamor→glamorous joy→joyous malice→malicious nutrition→nutritious religion→religious pretense→pretentious poison→poisonous suspicion→suspicious
“-y”	1. Characterized by; consisting or having the quality of; filled with. 2. Tending or inclined to.	1. nouns 2. verbs	bulk→bulky class→classy dream→dreamy ease→easy leak→leaky mess→messy rain→rainy rope→ropy shine→shiny smell→smelly wimp→wimpy

Suffixes that form adverbs

By far the most common and well-known suffix that creates adverbs by attaching to adjectives is “-ly.” However, there are two others derivational suffixes that form adverbs: “-ways/-wise” and “-ward.”

Suffix	Suffix meaning	Attaches to	Example words
“-ly”	1. In a certain or specified manner. 2. At that interval of time.	1. adjectives 2. nouns (units of time)	abrupt→abruptly artistic→artistically calm→calmly day→daily daring→daringly double→doubly easy→easily extreme→extremely full→fully happy→happily hour→hourly lucky→luckily majestic→majestically month→monthly practical→practically probable→probably quiet→quietly right→rightly smart→smartly true→truly whole→wholly year→yearly
“-ways/-wise” (“-wise” is much more common, especially in American English, except with the root side, which almost always becomes sideways)	1. In a specified manner, direction, or position. 2. With reference or in regard to. (sometimes hyphenated)	nouns, adjectives	clock→clockwise business→businesswise edge→edgewise (occasionally: edgeways) health→health-wise length→lengthwise (occasionally: lengthways) like→likewise other→otherwise side→sideways weather→weather-wise
“-ward”	In a specified direction or position.	nouns, adjectives, adverbs	back→backward down→downward east→eastward fore→forward front→frontward home→homeward north→northward on→onward south→southward to→toward west→westward

Spelling changes

Finally, it’s worth pointing out how the spelling of many words becomes slightly altered when a suffix is added. Even though these changes can at times seem haphazard, there are actually several guidelines we can follow to determine how a word’s spelling might change if a suffix is added. Go to the section on Spelling Conventions with Suffixes to learn more.

Chapter Sub-sections

Commonly Confused Suffixes
Spelling Conventions with Suffixes

Источник

Asked by: Prof. Marcus Rempel Jr.

Score: 4.8/5
(58 votes)

In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns, adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs. An inflectional suffix is sometimes called a desinence or a grammatical suffix or ending.

What is suffix example?

A suffix is a letter or group of letters, for example ‘-ly’ or ‘- ness’, which is added to the end of a word in order to form a different word, often of a different word class. For example, the suffix ‘-ly’ is added to ‘ quick’ to form ‘quickly’. Compare affix and , prefix.

What does suffix mean for name?

A name suffix, in the Western English-language naming tradition, follows a person’s full name and provides additional information about the person. Post-nominal letters indicate that the individual holds a position, educational degree, accreditation, office, or honor (e.g. «PhD», «CCNA», «OBE»).

Is Mr and Mrs A suffix?

Mr and Mrs are not considered suffixes. In the United States, there are no equivalent post-nominal letters for Mr and Mrs. In the United Kingdom, the equivalent post-nominal letters for Mr and Mrs would be “Esq.” or esquire.

What is suffix mean on application?

What does “suffix” mean on a job application? In a job application, a suffix is a word that follows your name, like Jr. (junior), Sr. (senior) and III (the third), or a relevant professional degree like JD (Juris Doctor), PhD (Philosophical Doctor) or MBA (Master in Business Administration).

42 related questions found

How do you choose a suffix?

Rule #2: In Order to Use Suffixes, Names Must be EXACTLY the Same. …
Rule #3: For More than Two Same-Named Individuals, Use Roman Numeral Suffixes. …
Rule #4: “Sr.” and “Jr.” Only Apply to LIVING Parents and Children. …
Rule #6: “Sr.”/”Jr.” and Roman Numeral Suffixes Can be Used Together.

What is suffix in personal information?

Well, in the context of personal information you have a prefix (Mr., Miss., Mrs., Ms., Dr.), and you might also have a suffix (Sr., Jr., II, III). This is called a «name suffix» or «nomenclature suffix» — a style at the end of a person’s name giving additional identifying information about the person.

Can Mr be a suffix?

Do not use a suffix for Doctor, Attorney, etc. The title ‘Mr’ derived from earlier forms of master, as the equivalent female titles Mrs, Miss, and Ms all derived from earlier forms of mistress. Here the similar basic principle applies: prefix is what goes before the name, while the suffix is what goes after.

Is Mr a title or suffix?

(US) or Mr (UK), is a commonly used English honorific for men under the rank of knighthood. The title ‘Mr’ derived from earlier forms of master, as the equivalent female titles Mrs, Miss, and Ms all derived from earlier forms of mistress. Master is sometimes still used as an honorific for boys and young men.

How do you use name suffix?

In a full name listing, the suffix follows the last name because the person is primarily known by is given name and surname, the suffix being a secondary piece of information. When listing last name first, the given name follows the surname because that is how we sort: all the Does, then the Johns, and finally the Jr.

What is a female suffix?

In many words the sound [s] is spelled <ss> in the suffixes -less and -ness. Another suffix that ends <ss> is -ess, which adds the meaning “female, feminine” to nouns: host “male” + ess = hostess “female”

What is the suffix of man?

Suffix. -man (plural -men, feminine -woman) Someone (possibly implied male) who is an expert in an area or who takes part in an activity. horseman, sportsman. Someone (possibly implied male) who is employed or holds a position in an area.

What are suffix for people?

The following suffixes are more noun suffixes that create names for people: -ist – person. -ian – of or belonging to. -ess – denoting female persons.

What are the 10 examples of suffix?

Here are 20 Examples of Suffixes and Examples;

Suffix -acy. Democracy, accuracy, lunacy.
Suffix – al. Remedial, denial, trial, criminal.
Suffix -ance. Nuisance, ambience, tolerance.
Suffix -dom. Freedom, stardom, boredom.
Suffix -er, -or. …
Suffix -ism. …
Suffix -ist. …
Suffix -ity, -ty.

What are the types of suffix?

There are two primary types of suffixes in English:

Derivational suffix (such as the addition of -ly to an adjective to form an adverb) indicates what type of word it is.
Inflectional suffix (such as the addition of -s to a noun to form a plural) tells something about the word’s grammatical behavior.

Who can be called Mr?

Mr.: Used for Married and Unmarried Men

It is an abbreviation of the word “Mister,” and is used to address a man whether or not he is married. The usage of this term dates back to the 15^th century.

What is my suffix if I’m not married?

Historically, «Miss» has been the formal title for an unmarried woman. «Mrs.,» on the other hand, refers to a married woman. «Ms.» is a little trickier: It’s used by and for both unmarried and married women.

What is a suffix Mr Ms?

(shortened form for Mister. It’s used when a man is married / not married) Ms. (shortened term for Miss.

How do suffixes work?

Suffixes are used after names to provide more information about the person and are called post-nominal letters or post-nominal initials. These indicate a special position, degree, office or honor. The most popular social suffixes are senior or junior and are mainly used in the US.

Is Mr used for unmarried man?

Additional Titles to Know

Mister or Mr.: This is the term that is used to address men, whether they are married or unmarried. Abbreviate the term “mister” to “Mr.” if you are using it as part of a man’s title. Master: This title can sometimes be used to address young boys.

What is Mr Mrs etc called?

These are called honorifics, which are titles or terms of respect.

Is a suffix part of your legal name?

after a name are suffixes, not part of the legal name unless it was on their birth certificate or they legally changed their name to include it.

What is name prefix and suffix?

Prefix is a set of letters, which is usually used in front of a word. … On the other hand, suffix is a set of letters that comes at the end of a word. Examples: Unhappy- Here ‘un’ is prefix and it comes at the beginning of the word ‘happy’ and changes the meaning.

What is suffix means in Tagalog?

Translation for word Suffix in Tagalog is : hulapi.

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