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1. What does James Smith mean using the word “dream”?
1) A wish or a desire of a person.
2) Human cognitive abilities.
3) The process of sleeping.
2. One possible reason for having difficulties in realizing one’s dreams is
1) criticism from other people.
2) wrong life values.
3) low self-esteem.
3. What is necessary to understand one’s dreams?
1) Communicating with people.
2) Deep self-reflexion.
3) Analyzing others’ plans.
4. What of the following is NOT James Smith’s recommendation?
1) Ranging one’s goals
2) Making a list of one’s goals.
3) Sharing one’s goals with friends.
5. What is, according to James Smith, the usual outcome of not following his advice?
1) Having no dreams and goals.
2) Losing friends.
3) Feeling sorry in the end.
6. When saying “live out dreams” James Smith means
1) fulfilling them.
2) understanding them.
3) forgetting them.
7. According to James Smith your dreams depend on your
1) joys and regrets.
2) family and friends.
3) talents and abilities.
1 – 1
2 – 1
3 – 2
4 – 3
5 – 3
6 – 1
7 – 3
Presenter: With us in the Studio today we have James Smith, a psychologist from the University of North Carolina. Good afternoon, James.
James Smith: Good afternoon. I am really glad to be taking part in this programme — it is a great honour for me.
Presenter: Thank you. The topic we have for today is familiar to everybody — this is our dreams. We all have dreams and are dreaming of our dreams coming true if I can put it that way! James knows exactly how to do it. Is that so, James?
James Smith: I think it is. One of the amazing things we have been given as humans is the desire to have dreams and the ability to establish goals to live out those dreams. What makes it even more powerful is our ability not only to dream and pursue those dreams but the cognitive ability to actually lay out a plan and strategies to achieve those dreams. The question is how to do it.
Presenter: Can you define what are our dreams and goals?
James Smith: This is not what you already have or what you have done, but what you want. Have you ever taken time to think over your life values and decide what you really want? Have you ever truly reflected and listened quietly to your heart to see what dreams live within you? Your dreams are there. Everybody has them. They may live right on the surface or be hidden deeply if you are often told sarcastically they are not serious but they are still there.
Presenter: So how do we know what our dreams are?
James Smith: This is an interesting process and it relates primarily to the art of listening. This is not listening to others; it is listening to you. If we listen to others, we hear their plans and dreams and many of them will try to put their dreams and plans on us. If we listen to others, we can never be fulfilled. We will only chase elusive dreams. So we must listen to our own hearts.
Presenter: That seems easy and difficult at the same time. Do you know any practical steps on hearing from our hearts on what our dreams are?
James Smith: Firstly, take time to be quiet. This is something that we do not do enough in this busy world of ours. Schedule some dream time — no other people, no cell phone or computer. Just you, a pad and a pencil and your thoughts! Think about what thrills you, what you would love to do either for fun or for a living. When you answer these questions, you will find yourself in the “dream zone”. Only when we get to this point, we will experience what our dreams are.
Presenter: What should we do next?
James Smith: Secondly, write down all of your dreams as you have them. Do not think of any as too outlandish or foolish — remember, you are dreaming! Let the thoughts fly and take careful record. Then, prioritize those dreams. Which are most important? Which are most feasible? Which would you love to do the most? Put them in the order in which you will actually try to attain them. Remember, we are always moving toward action, not just dreaming.
Presenter: What if a person does not find time to do all of this?
James Smith: Here is the big picture: life is too short and when it comes to the end, you can reflect on it either with joy or regret. Those who dream, who set goals and act on them to live out their dreams are those who live lives of joy and have a sense of peace.
Presenter: What is your final piece of advice?
James Smith: Remember about the dreams and goals that are born out of your heart and mind. These are the goals that are unique to you and come from who you were created to be and gifted to become. Your specific goals are what you want to attain because they will make your life joyful!
Presenter: Thank you, James.
James Smith: My pleasure.
Упр. 29 | 30 | 31
Расшифровка записи
Presenter: With us in the Studio today we have James Smith, a psychologist from the University of North Carolina. Good afternoon, James.
James Smith: Good afternoon. I am really glad to be taking part in this programme — it is a great honour for me.
Presenter: Thank you. The topic we have for today is familiar to everybody — this is our dreams. We all have dreams and are dreaming of our dreams coming true if I can put it that way! James knows exactly how to do it. Is that so, James?
James Smith: I think it is. One of the amazing things we have been given as humans is the desire to have dreams and the ability to establish goals to live out those dreams. What makes it even more powerful is our ability not only to dream and pursue those dreams but the cognitive ability to actually lay out a plan and strategies to achieve those dreams. The question is how to do it.
Presenter: Can you define what are our dreams and goals?
James Smith: This is not what you already have or what you have done, but what you want. Have you ever taken time to think over your life values and decide what you really want? Have you ever truly reflected and listened quietly to your heart to see what dreams live within you? Your dreams are there. Everybody has them. They may live right on the surface or be hidden deeply if you are often told sarcastically they are not serious but they are still there.
Presenter: So how do we know what our dreams are?
James Smith: This is an interesting process and it relates primarily to the art of listening. This is not listening to others; it is listening to you. If we listen to others, we hear their plans and dreams and many of them will try to put their dreams and plans on us. If we listen to others, we can never be fulfilled. We will only chase elusive dreams. So we must listen to our own hearts.
Presenter: That seems easy and difficult at the same time. Do you know any practical steps on hearing from our hearts on what our dreams are?
James Smith: Firstly, take time to be quiet. This is something that we do not do enough in this busy world of ours. Schedule some dream time — no other people, no cell phone or computer. Just you, a pad and a pencil and your thoughts! Think about what thrills you, what you would love to do either for fun or for a living. When you answer these questions, you will find yourself in the “dream zone”. Only when we get to this point, we will experience what our dreams are.
Presenter: What should we do next?
James Smith: Secondly, write down all of your dreams as you have them. Do not think of any as too outlandish or foolish — remember, you are dreaming! Let the thoughts fly and take careful record. Then, prioritize those dreams. Which are most important? Which are most feasible? Which would you love to do the most? Put them in the order in which you will actually try to attain them. Remember, we are always moving toward action, not just dreaming.
Presenter: What if a person does not find time to do all of this?
James Smith: Here is the big picture: life is too short and when it comes to the end, you can reflect on it either with joy or regret. Those who dream, who set goals and act on them to live out their dreams are those who live lives of joy and have a sense of peace.
Presenter: What is your final piece of advice?
James Smith: Remember about the dreams and goals that are born out of your heart and mind. These are the goals that are unique to you and come from who you were created to be and gifted to become. Your specific goals are what you want to attain because they will make your life joyful!
Presenter: Thank you, James.
James Smith: My pleasure.
Раздел 1 Аудирование
Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды.
1. Clear instructions at work are very important.
2. Personal discussions in the office can distract from work.
3. It is important to think about gender differences in office work.
4. Employees’ health must be the top priority for office managers.
5. Positive atmosphere is important at work.
6. Effective communication is important for both employers and employees.
7. Team spirit is a key to success both for the office and its employees.
Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.
A1 Jerry does not want to travel to a crowded place this summer.
А2 Jerry thinks that his last year journey to Paris was perfect.
А3 Kate would prefer to go to a popular European tourist resort.
А4 Jerry is going to swim in the sea in Egypt.
А5 Jerry will take part in several archeological excavations held in Luxor.
А6 Kate thinks that booking in advance is important.
А7 Jerry has discovered that prices at the chosen five stars hotel are rather high.
Вы услышите интервью, В заданиях А8-А14, обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
А8 What does James Smith mean using the word «dream»?
1)A wish or a desire of a person.
2)Human cognitive abilities.
3)The process of sleeping.
A9 One possible reason for having difficulties in realizing one’s dreams is
1)criticism from other people.
2)wrong life values.
3)low self-esteem.
A10 What is necessary to understand one’s dreams?
1)Communicating with people.
2)Deep self-reflexion.
3)Analyzing others’ plans.
A11 What of the following is NOT James Smith’s recommendation?
1)Ranging one’s goals
2)Making a list of one’s goals.
3)Sharing one’s goals with friends.
A12 What is, according to James Smith, the usual outcome of not following his advice?
1)Having no dreams and goals.
2)Losing friends.
3)Feeling sorry in the end.
A13 When saying «live out dreams» James Smith means
1)fulfilling them.
2)understanding them.
3)forgetting them.
A14 According to James Smith your dreams depend on your
1)joys and regrets.
2)family and friends.
3)talents and abilities.
Установите соответствие тем 1 — 7 текстам A — F. Занесите свои ответы в соответствующее поле справа. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.
Harry Potter course for university students
- 1. up for the optional module, part of
- 2. to emerge four or five years ago to see
- 3. to examine prejudice, citizenship and bullying in
- 4. such as the response of the writer
- 5. including the world of rituals, prejudice and intolerance in
- 6. to growing demand from the student
- 7. such as the moral universe of the school
Students of Durham University are being given the chance to sign up to what is thought to be the UK’s first course focusing on the world of Harry Potter. Although every English-speaking person in the world knows about Harry Potter books and films, few have thought of using them as a guide to … modern life. The Durham University module uses the works of JK Rowling A ___ modern society.
«Harry Potter and the Age of Illusion» will be available for study next year. So far about 80 undergraduates have signed В ___ a BA degree in Education Studies. Future educationalists will analyse JK Rowling’s fanfiction from various points of view. A university spokesman said: «This module places the Harry Potter novels in a wider social and cultural context.» He added that a number of themes would be explored, C ___ the classroom, bullying, friendship and solidarity and the ideals of and good citizenship.
The module was created by the head of the Department of Education at Durham University. He said the idea for the new module had appeared in response D ___ body: «It seeks to place the series in its wider social and cultural context and will explore some fundamental issues E ___ . You just need to read the academic writing which started F ___ that Harry Potter is worthy of serious study.»
A | B | C | D | E | F |
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15—А21, обводя цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа.
I arrived at the cloud forest in Ecuador ten days ago. I was one of a group of twelve volunteers that wanted to save the rainforest. My reasons for going on this trip were twofold: firstly, I wanted to collect and bring back alive some of the fascinating animals, birds and reptiles that inhabit this region; secondly, I had long cherished a dream to see South America: not the inhabited South America with its macadam roads, its cocktail bars, its express trains roaring through a landscape denuded of its flora and fauna by the beneficial influences of civilization. I wanted to see one of those few remaining parts of the continent that had escaped this fate and remained more or less as it was when America was first discovered: I wanted to see its rainforests, its vast lands of untouched, pure, natural wildlife. We were working together with local people and scientists and we were learning and seeing new things every day. Our lodge was comfortable, had breathtaking views and was in the middle of the rainforest. It was a two-hour walk from the nearest road, and it was even further to the nearest village.
The rainforest is truly an astonishing place. There are thousands of species of plants here and more than 700 species of birds. There are millions of insects and scientists think there may be around forty mammal species that haven’t even been discovered. But what I was really amazed at how everything depends on everything else for survival.
Every tree in the rainforest is covered in a species of another kind. The black wasp uses the tarantula as a nest for its eggs, plants need monkeys for seed dispersal, and the clouds are necessary for the survival of the whole rainforest. This is because they provide moisture. The problem is, climate change is causing the clouds to rise by 1—2 meters every year. What will happen to the plants that need this moisture? What will happen to the animals that need those plants?
Our job was to watch this changing ecosystem. One of my favourite projects was the bird survey. Every day a group of us set out at around five o’clock with a local scientist. At this time of the morning the air was filled with the sound of bird song. We had to identify the birds we hear and see and write down our findings. Later, we entered all our information into a computer at the lodge.
We also set up cameras to record pumas, spectacled bears and other large mammals. It was always exciting to see pumas because it meant there were other animals around that they would normally hunt. We fixed the cameras to trees around the reserve, and every day a team of volunteers collected the cameras memory cards.
There was a lot to do in the rainforest, but at least I felt like we were making a difference.
However, soon I started collecting some animals and insects. I realized that as soon as the hunting got under way and the collection increased, most of my time would be taken up in looking after the animals, and I should not be able to wander far from camp. So I was eager to get into the forest while I had the chance.
Nevertheless, I should mention the fact that without the help of the natives you would stand little chance of catching the animals you want, for they know the forest, having been born in it. Once the animal is caught, however, it is your job to keep it alive and well. If you left this part of it to the natives you would get precious little back alive.
1
Задание 1. Аудирование. Задание №1
Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A—F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1—7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в поле для ответов.
- Vacation is the best time for reading.
- Books can help you be a better you.
- There is more than one way to be a reader.
- I only read the best of the best.
- No need to do something you are bad at.
- Nothing is perfect in this world.
- I love living in the world of fantasies
2
Задание 2. Аудирование. Задание №2
Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.
- Tom is unhappy about the Danish people being unfriendly.
- Jack thinks that the character can be explained by the climate.
- Tom believes that it’s only in Denmark that you can be insulted in public places.
- Jack thinks that we should respect the rules of other cultures.
- Tom wants to return to Denmark.
- Jack claims that public transport in Denmark leaves much to be desired.
- Tom comes from Denmark but lives in the USA.
Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3-9. запишите в поле ответа цифру 1-3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
3. What does James Smith mean using the word “dream”?
1) A wish or a desire of a person.
2) Human cognitive abilities.
3) The process of sleeping.
4. The smell of pines in the forest is the result of trees releasing
1) oxygen.
2) carbon dioxide.
3) other gasses.
5. Raymond is still a Bond fan, but now he
1) doesn’t like new Bond movies.
2) writes fewer articles about Bond.
3) has a wider sphere of interests.
6. The narrator thinks that rote learning
1) can be useful in most cases.
2) is absolutely useless.
3) is really harmful.
7. Helping the poor is in the self-interest of wealthy people because
1) they have too much wealth.
2) they can also be plunged into poverty.
3) their future depends on the well-being of others.
8. How does Lisa convince difficult clients to try new styles?
1) She suggests they get a second opinion from another personal shopper.
2) She recommends that they change their hair colour and make-up.
3) She makes them put new clothes on and have a look.
9. What kind of shows does Jessica dislike?
1) Solo shows.
2) Small shows.
3) Support shows.
10
Задание 10. Чтение. Задание № 10
Текст №2. (Чтение. Задание №10)
- The mountains of Scotland (we call them the Highlands) are а wild and beautiful part of Europe. A golden eagle flies over the mountains. A deer walks through the silence of the forest. Salmon and trout swim in the clean, pure water of the rivers. Some say that not only fish swim in the deep water of Loch Ness. Speak to the people living by the Loch. Each person has a story of the monster, and some have photographs.
- Tresco is a beautiful island with no cars, crowds or noise – just flowers, birds, long sandy beaches and the TrescoAbbey Garden. John and Wendy Pyatt welcome you to the Island Hotel, famous for delicious food, comfort and brilliant service. You will appreciate superb accommodation, free saunas and the indoor swimming pool.
- The Camel and Wildlife Safari is a unique mixture of the traditional and modern. Kenya’s countryside suits the Safari purposes exceptionally well. Tourists will have a chance to explore the bush country near Samburu, to travel on a camel back or to sleep out under the stars. Modern safari vehicles are always available for those who prefer comfort.
- Arrival can be the hardest part of a trip. It is late, you are road-weary, and everything is new and strange. You need an affordable place to sleep, something to eat and drink, and probably a way to get around. But in general, it’s a wonderful trip, full of wonderful and unusual places. Whether it is the first stop on a trip or the fifth city visited, every traveller feels a little overwhelmed stepping onto a new street in a new city.
- No zoo has enough money to provide basic habitats or environments for all the species they keep. Most animals are put in a totally artificial environment, isolated from everything they would meet in their natural habitat. Many will agree that this isolation is harmful to the most of zoo inhabitants, it can even amount to cruelty.
- A new London Zoo Project is a ten year project to secure the future for the Zoo and for many endangered animals. The plan has been devised by both animal and business experts to provide world-leading accommodation for all our animals, to more fully engage and inform people about conservation issues, to redesign certain aspects of Zoo layout.
- Leave-no-trace camping is an increasingly popular approach to travel in wilderness areas. As the term suggests, the goal is for the camper to leave as little impact as possible on the place he is visiting. One of its mottos is “Take nothing but pictures. Leave nothing but footprints.” Its simplest and most fundamental rule is: pack it in, pack it out, but it goes beyond that.
Установите соответствие между заголовками 1 — 8 и текстами A — G. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. New rules to follow |
5. A visit to the zoo |
2. New perspectives |
6. Perfect for an active holiday |
3. Perfect for a quiet holiday |
7. Difficult start |
4. Land of nature wonders |
8. Bad for animals |
11
Задание 11. Чтение. Задание № 11
Текст №4 (Чтение. Задание №11)
Is Big Ben becoming the British version of the Leaning Tower of Pisa? Surveys of the famous UK landmark in recent years have proven what can barely be seen by the naked eye. Although it is far smaller than the Tower of Pisa’s tilt of almost four degrees, Big Ben is ___ (A).
Officials in government seem to be brushing off concerns that the clock tower is in danger of collapsing. They may be right. Considering the tower in Pisa has been leaning for centuries and has yet to fall, ___ (B).
If anything, Big Ben’s ever-so-slight lean is a fascinating sight to see, if you can in fact notice it. An onlooker standing in Parliament Square looking head on at the tower might perceive an extremely minor lean to the left ___ (C).
The government is not entirely unconcerned about the stability of the tower. However they state that, in light of extensive structural surveys of the building, no immediate risk is present, ___ (D).
The tower is leaning in part due to the construction of an underground railway line beneath the structure as well as a car park. In fact, though, many buildings, regardless of what structures are underneath, undergo changes as they age. Most old buildings have a few cracks in them, and ___ (E).
This isn’t the first structural issue the tower has encountered in its over 150-year life. In 1976, the weights that control the workings of the clock snapped off and fell down the clock shaft. The clock actually exploded inside ___ (F). Luckily no one was hurt, as the accident happened at 4 am.
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в поле ответа.
- towards a faster, more economical way of repairing the tower
- in fact, the Houses of Parliament are cracking a bit themselves
- towards Bridge Street rather than towards the Houses of Parliament
- and repairs took nearly nine months to be completed
- meaning building reinforcements can wait until after the next elections
- in fact leaning by about 0.26 degrees, according to reports
- worrying about Big Ben’s immediate demise is likely to be a waste of energy
12
Задание 12. Чтение № 12-18
My room faces the sun in the morning and on clear summer mornings it wakes me up bright and fresh, no matter what time I stayed up till. I get up and make breakfast, watch TV, have a shower. If it’s before six in the morning, I usually have a cup of tea and go back to bed where I’ll doze until seven. If I stay at my sister’s, I sleep until the kids wake me or until she comes rolling in, poured from the back of some taxi, whichever is earlier. I’m an early riser, and a dead sleeper.
This morning I wake up with a twitch, like the alarm clock in my head has given me a little electric jolt. It isn’t sunny outside. I pull back the curtains and the sky is dark grey, the same colour as the sea and it looks like the sun won’t appear before tomorrow. Today is Dad’s birthday. Every year on my Dad’s birthday I draw a picture of him and each year he looks a bit different. I’m an artist. There, I said it. It’s not that I draw a straighter line or a truer circle, as they try to teach us to do at school. I just get the message across more clearly than other people. More truthfully. I know it.
I read a lot of books too, mainly about artists, and I go through phases when I like a certain artist or a movement. And I try to paint like them. When my dad comes back, I’ll be able to say ‘this is you when I was twelve and I was in love with Monet’ or ‘this is you on your thirty-eighth birthday, when I was fourteen and I wanted to paint like Dante Gabriel Rossetti.’ And he’ll look at each painting and know that I loved him and never forgot him.
At the moment I’m into lines, simple lines. It’s a development of a six month obsession I had with calligraphy, which came out of a phase I had with cartoons, which came from Liechtenstein and Warhol, and so on all the way back. So I get out my charcoals, and a couple of sticks of chalk and I pin a heavy sheet of grey A3 paper onto a board and rest it on my knee as I sit on the bed.
On Saturday mornings when my Mum worked, he’d take me to town and I’d drag him around the art shops. On my eighth birthday he bought me an easel, a real one, not a kiddie’s. On my ninth birthday he bought me oils. On my sixth birthday he bought me a box of 99 crayons. ‘Draw me,’ he’d say. ‘Oh, Dad, I can’t.’ Some mornings I’d wake up and there’d be a book on my pillow about Picasso, or Chagall.
I should go to school, I really should. I’m not one of those kids who are scared to go. I don’t get bullied and I’m not thick. I just can’t find a good reason to waste my day in a classroom studying physics or citizenship or Buddhism. I could learn them in the library. Phil, the head of year eleven, will bollock me for it tomorrow, if I go in. I’ll tell Phil the truth, it was my Dad’s birthday and I spent it with him.
So I spend some time thinking about his hair, which I think is probably no more grey than it was last year. I know hair doesn’t age at the same speed every year, but I make his hair longer this year. And in my mind’s eye I give him an extra few pounds too. But I keep the smile fixed in my head, maybe a little muted, like it is when he’s happy but distracted, or trying to understand me when I’m babbling to him.
It’s head and shoulders, so I’ll put him in a T-shirt that shows his neck and throat and how strong he is and how his eyes sparkle and how his eyebrows are dead level straight and still black. I try to think of how much I want to show and how much I want to tell. Then I pick up a charcoal stick and do it. I pick up a chalk to add a suggestion of colour to his eyes, then another chalk for his mouth. And there he is. Dad.
That morning the narrator was woken up by
1) the kids.
2) his sister.
3) nobody.
4) an alarm clock.
13
Задание 13. Чтение № 12-18
My room faces the sun in the morning and on clear summer mornings it wakes me up bright and fresh, no matter what time I stayed up till. I get up and make breakfast, watch TV, have a shower. If it’s before six in the morning, I usually have a cup of tea and go back to bed where I’ll doze until seven. If I stay at my sister’s, I sleep until the kids wake me or until she comes rolling in, poured from the back of some taxi, whichever is earlier. I’m an early riser, and a dead sleeper.
This morning I wake up with a twitch, like the alarm clock in my head has given me a little electric jolt. It isn’t sunny outside. I pull back the curtains and the sky is dark grey, the same colour as the sea and it looks like the sun won’t appear before tomorrow. Today is Dad’s birthday. Every year on my Dad’s birthday I draw a picture of him and each year he looks a bit different. I’m an artist. There, I said it. It’s not that I draw a straighter line or a truer circle, as they try to teach us to do at school. I just get the message across more clearly than other people. More truthfully. I know it.
I read a lot of books too, mainly about artists, and I go through phases when I like a certain artist or a movement. And I try to paint like them. When my dad comes back, I’ll be able to say ‘this is you when I was twelve and I was in love with Monet’ or ‘this is you on your thirty-eighth birthday, when I was fourteen and I wanted to paint like Dante Gabriel Rossetti.’ And he’ll look at each painting and know that I loved him and never forgot him.
At the moment I’m into lines, simple lines. It’s a development of a six month obsession I had with calligraphy, which came out of a phase I had with cartoons, which came from Liechtenstein and Warhol, and so on all the way back. So I get out my charcoals, and a couple of sticks of chalk and I pin a heavy sheet of grey A3 paper onto a board and rest it on my knee as I sit on the bed.
On Saturday mornings when my Mum worked, he’d take me to town and I’d drag him around the art shops. On my eighth birthday he bought me an easel, a real one, not a kiddie’s. On my ninth birthday he bought me oils. On my sixth birthday he bought me a box of 99 crayons. ‘Draw me,’ he’d say. ‘Oh, Dad, I can’t.’ Some mornings I’d wake up and there’d be a book on my pillow about Picasso, or Chagall.
I should go to school, I really should. I’m not one of those kids who are scared to go. I don’t get bullied and I’m not thick. I just can’t find a good reason to waste my day in a classroom studying physics or citizenship or Buddhism. I could learn them in the library. Phil, the head of year eleven, will bollock me for it tomorrow, if I go in. I’ll tell Phil the truth, it was my Dad’s birthday and I spent it with him.
So I spend some time thinking about his hair, which I think is probably no more grey than it was last year. I know hair doesn’t age at the same speed every year, but I make his hair longer this year. And in my mind’s eye I give him an extra few pounds too. But I keep the smile fixed in my head, maybe a little muted, like it is when he’s happy but distracted, or trying to understand me when I’m babbling to him.
It’s head and shoulders, so I’ll put him in a T-shirt that shows his neck and throat and how strong he is and how his eyes sparkle and how his eyebrows are dead level straight and still black. I try to think of how much I want to show and how much I want to tell. Then I pick up a charcoal stick and do it. I pick up a chalk to add a suggestion of colour to his eyes, then another chalk for his mouth. And there he is. Dad.
The narrator considers himself to be an artist because
1) he can draw a straighter line and a truer circle.
2) he gets lots of messages from other people.
3) he can speak to people more truthfully.
4) he is able to convey his ideas better than other people.
14
Задание 14. Чтение № 12-18
My room faces the sun in the morning and on clear summer mornings it wakes me up bright and fresh, no matter what time I stayed up till. I get up and make breakfast, watch TV, have a shower. If it’s before six in the morning, I usually have a cup of tea and go back to bed where I’ll doze until seven. If I stay at my sister’s, I sleep until the kids wake me or until she comes rolling in, poured from the back of some taxi, whichever is earlier. I’m an early riser, and a dead sleeper.
This morning I wake up with a twitch, like the alarm clock in my head has given me a little electric jolt. It isn’t sunny outside. I pull back the curtains and the sky is dark grey, the same colour as the sea and it looks like the sun won’t appear before tomorrow. Today is Dad’s birthday. Every year on my Dad’s birthday I draw a picture of him and each year he looks a bit different. I’m an artist. There, I said it. It’s not that I draw a straighter line or a truer circle, as they try to teach us to do at school. I just get the message across more clearly than other people. More truthfully. I know it.
I read a lot of books too, mainly about artists, and I go through phases when I like a certain artist or a movement. And I try to paint like them. When my dad comes back, I’ll be able to say ‘this is you when I was twelve and I was in love with Monet’ or ‘this is you on your thirty-eighth birthday, when I was fourteen and I wanted to paint like Dante Gabriel Rossetti.’ And he’ll look at each painting and know that I loved him and never forgot him.
At the moment I’m into lines, simple lines. It’s a development of a six month obsession I had with calligraphy, which came out of a phase I had with cartoons, which came from Liechtenstein and Warhol, and so on all the way back. So I get out my charcoals, and a couple of sticks of chalk and I pin a heavy sheet of grey A3 paper onto a board and rest it on my knee as I sit on the bed.
On Saturday mornings when my Mum worked, he’d take me to town and I’d drag him around the art shops. On my eighth birthday he bought me an easel, a real one, not a kiddie’s. On my ninth birthday he bought me oils. On my sixth birthday he bought me a box of 99 crayons. ‘Draw me,’ he’d say. ‘Oh, Dad, I can’t.’ Some mornings I’d wake up and there’d be a book on my pillow about Picasso, or Chagall.
I should go to school, I really should. I’m not one of those kids who are scared to go. I don’t get bullied and I’m not thick. I just can’t find a good reason to waste my day in a classroom studying physics or citizenship or Buddhism. I could learn them in the library. Phil, the head of year eleven, will bollock me for it tomorrow, if I go in. I’ll tell Phil the truth, it was my Dad’s birthday and I spent it with him.
So I spend some time thinking about his hair, which I think is probably no more grey than it was last year. I know hair doesn’t age at the same speed every year, but I make his hair longer this year. And in my mind’s eye I give him an extra few pounds too. But I keep the smile fixed in my head, maybe a little muted, like it is when he’s happy but distracted, or trying to understand me when I’m babbling to him.
It’s head and shoulders, so I’ll put him in a T-shirt that shows his neck and throat and how strong he is and how his eyes sparkle and how his eyebrows are dead level straight and still black. I try to think of how much I want to show and how much I want to tell. Then I pick up a charcoal stick and do it. I pick up a chalk to add a suggestion of colour to his eyes, then another chalk for his mouth. And there he is. Dad.
The narrator’s manner of painting
1) is similar to Monet’s.
2) is like Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s.
3) comes from Liechtenstein and Warhol.
4) is constantly changing.
15
Задание 15. Чтение № 12-18
My room faces the sun in the morning and on clear summer mornings it wakes me up bright and fresh, no matter what time I stayed up till. I get up and make breakfast, watch TV, have a shower. If it’s before six in the morning, I usually have a cup of tea and go back to bed where I’ll doze until seven. If I stay at my sister’s, I sleep until the kids wake me or until she comes rolling in, poured from the back of some taxi, whichever is earlier. I’m an early riser, and a dead sleeper.
This morning I wake up with a twitch, like the alarm clock in my head has given me a little electric jolt. It isn’t sunny outside. I pull back the curtains and the sky is dark grey, the same colour as the sea and it looks like the sun won’t appear before tomorrow. Today is Dad’s birthday. Every year on my Dad’s birthday I draw a picture of him and each year he looks a bit different. I’m an artist. There, I said it. It’s not that I draw a straighter line or a truer circle, as they try to teach us to do at school. I just get the message across more clearly than other people. More truthfully. I know it.
I read a lot of books too, mainly about artists, and I go through phases when I like a certain artist or a movement. And I try to paint like them. When my dad comes back, I’ll be able to say ‘this is you when I was twelve and I was in love with Monet’ or ‘this is you on your thirty-eighth birthday, when I was fourteen and I wanted to paint like Dante Gabriel Rossetti.’ And he’ll look at each painting and know that I loved him and never forgot him.
At the moment I’m into lines, simple lines. It’s a development of a six month obsession I had with calligraphy, which came out of a phase I had with cartoons, which came from Liechtenstein and Warhol, and so on all the way back. So I get out my charcoals, and a couple of sticks of chalk and I pin a heavy sheet of grey A3 paper onto a board and rest it on my knee as I sit on the bed.
On Saturday mornings when my Mum worked, he’d take me to town and I’d drag him around the art shops. On my eighth birthday he bought me an easel, a real one, not a kiddie’s. On my ninth birthday he bought me oils. On my sixth birthday he bought me a box of 99 crayons. ‘Draw me,’ he’d say. ‘Oh, Dad, I can’t.’ Some mornings I’d wake up and there’d be a book on my pillow about Picasso, or Chagall.
I should go to school, I really should. I’m not one of those kids who are scared to go. I don’t get bullied and I’m not thick. I just can’t find a good reason to waste my day in a classroom studying physics or citizenship or Buddhism. I could learn them in the library. Phil, the head of year eleven, will bollock me for it tomorrow, if I go in. I’ll tell Phil the truth, it was my Dad’s birthday and I spent it with him.
So I spend some time thinking about his hair, which I think is probably no more grey than it was last year. I know hair doesn’t age at the same speed every year, but I make his hair longer this year. And in my mind’s eye I give him an extra few pounds too. But I keep the smile fixed in my head, maybe a little muted, like it is when he’s happy but distracted, or trying to understand me when I’m babbling to him.
It’s head and shoulders, so I’ll put him in a T-shirt that shows his neck and throat and how strong he is and how his eyes sparkle and how his eyebrows are dead level straight and still black. I try to think of how much I want to show and how much I want to tell. Then I pick up a charcoal stick and do it. I pick up a chalk to add a suggestion of colour to his eyes, then another chalk for his mouth. And there he is. Dad.
The narrator was encouraged to paint by
1) his mother.
2) his father.
3) his brother.
4) his friend Phil.
16
Задание 16. Чтение № 12-18
My room faces the sun in the morning and on clear summer mornings it wakes me up bright and fresh, no matter what time I stayed up till. I get up and make breakfast, watch TV, have a shower. If it’s before six in the morning, I usually have a cup of tea and go back to bed where I’ll doze until seven. If I stay at my sister’s, I sleep until the kids wake me or until she comes rolling in, poured from the back of some taxi, whichever is earlier. I’m an early riser, and a dead sleeper.
This morning I wake up with a twitch, like the alarm clock in my head has given me a little electric jolt. It isn’t sunny outside. I pull back the curtains and the sky is dark grey, the same colour as the sea and it looks like the sun won’t appear before tomorrow. Today is Dad’s birthday. Every year on my Dad’s birthday I draw a picture of him and each year he looks a bit different. I’m an artist. There, I said it. It’s not that I draw a straighter line or a truer circle, as they try to teach us to do at school. I just get the message across more clearly than other people. More truthfully. I know it.
I read a lot of books too, mainly about artists, and I go through phases when I like a certain artist or a movement. And I try to paint like them. When my dad comes back, I’ll be able to say ‘this is you when I was twelve and I was in love with Monet’ or ‘this is you on your thirty-eighth birthday, when I was fourteen and I wanted to paint like Dante Gabriel Rossetti.’ And he’ll look at each painting and know that I loved him and never forgot him.
At the moment I’m into lines, simple lines. It’s a development of a six month obsession I had with calligraphy, which came out of a phase I had with cartoons, which came from Liechtenstein and Warhol, and so on all the way back. So I get out my charcoals, and a couple of sticks of chalk and I pin a heavy sheet of grey A3 paper onto a board and rest it on my knee as I sit on the bed.
On Saturday mornings when my Mum worked, he’d take me to town and I’d drag him around the art shops. On my eighth birthday he bought me an easel, a real one, not a kiddie’s. On my ninth birthday he bought me oils. On my sixth birthday he bought me a box of 99 crayons. ‘Draw me,’ he’d say. ‘Oh, Dad, I can’t.’ Some mornings I’d wake up and there’d be a book on my pillow about Picasso, or Chagall.
I should go to school, I really should. I’m not one of those kids who are scared to go. I don’t get bullied and I’m not thick. I just can’t find a good reason to waste my day in a classroom studying physics or citizenship or Buddhism. I could learn them in the library. Phil, the head of year eleven, will bollock me for it tomorrow, if I go in. I’ll tell Phil the truth, it was my Dad’s birthday and I spent it with him.
So I spend some time thinking about his hair, which I think is probably no more grey than it was last year. I know hair doesn’t age at the same speed every year, but I make his hair longer this year. And in my mind’s eye I give him an extra few pounds too. But I keep the smile fixed in my head, maybe a little muted, like it is when he’s happy but distracted, or trying to understand me when I’m babbling to him.
It’s head and shoulders, so I’ll put him in a T-shirt that shows his neck and throat and how strong he is and how his eyes sparkle and how his eyebrows are dead level straight and still black. I try to think of how much I want to show and how much I want to tell. Then I pick up a charcoal stick and do it. I pick up a chalk to add a suggestion of colour to his eyes, then another chalk for his mouth. And there he is. Dad.
The narrator doesn’t want to go to school because
1) he prefers to study on his own.
2) he doesn’t like some subjects.
3) he is bullied at school.
4) he is scared to go there.
17
Задание 17. Чтение № 12-18
My room faces the sun in the morning and on clear summer mornings it wakes me up bright and fresh, no matter what time I stayed up till. I get up and make breakfast, watch TV, have a shower. If it’s before six in the morning, I usually have a cup of tea and go back to bed where I’ll doze until seven. If I stay at my sister’s, I sleep until the kids wake me or until she comes rolling in, poured from the back of some taxi, whichever is earlier. I’m an early riser, and a dead sleeper.
This morning I wake up with a twitch, like the alarm clock in my head has given me a little electric jolt. It isn’t sunny outside. I pull back the curtains and the sky is dark grey, the same colour as the sea and it looks like the sun won’t appear before tomorrow. Today is Dad’s birthday. Every year on my Dad’s birthday I draw a picture of him and each year he looks a bit different. I’m an artist. There, I said it. It’s not that I draw a straighter line or a truer circle, as they try to teach us to do at school. I just get the message across more clearly than other people. More truthfully. I know it.
I read a lot of books too, mainly about artists, and I go through phases when I like a certain artist or a movement. And I try to paint like them. When my dad comes back, I’ll be able to say ‘this is you when I was twelve and I was in love with Monet’ or ‘this is you on your thirty-eighth birthday, when I was fourteen and I wanted to paint like Dante Gabriel Rossetti.’ And he’ll look at each painting and know that I loved him and never forgot him.
At the moment I’m into lines, simple lines. It’s a development of a six month obsession I had with calligraphy, which came out of a phase I had with cartoons, which came from Liechtenstein and Warhol, and so on all the way back. So I get out my charcoals, and a couple of sticks of chalk and I pin a heavy sheet of grey A3 paper onto a board and rest it on my knee as I sit on the bed.
On Saturday mornings when my Mum worked, he’d take me to town and I’d drag him around the art shops. On my eighth birthday he bought me an easel, a real one, not a kiddie’s. On my ninth birthday he bought me oils. On my sixth birthday he bought me a box of 99 crayons. ‘Draw me,’ he’d say. ‘Oh, Dad, I can’t.’ Some mornings I’d wake up and there’d be a book on my pillow about Picasso, or Chagall.
I should go to school, I really should. I’m not one of those kids who are scared to go. I don’t get bullied and I’m not thick. I just can’t find a good reason to waste my day in a classroom studying physics or citizenship or Buddhism. I could learn them in the library. Phil, the head of year eleven, will bollock me for it tomorrow, if I go in. I’ll tell Phil the truth, it was my Dad’s birthday and I spent it with him.
So I spend some time thinking about his hair, which I think is probably no more grey than it was last year. I know hair doesn’t age at the same speed every year, but I make his hair longer this year. And in my mind’s eye I give him an extra few pounds too. But I keep the smile fixed in my head, maybe a little muted, like it is when he’s happy but distracted, or trying to understand me when I’m babbling to him.
It’s head and shoulders, so I’ll put him in a T-shirt that shows his neck and throat and how strong he is and how his eyes sparkle and how his eyebrows are dead level straight and still black. I try to think of how much I want to show and how much I want to tell. Then I pick up a charcoal stick and do it. I pick up a chalk to add a suggestion of colour to his eyes, then another chalk for his mouth. And there he is. Dad.
In paragraph 6 ‘I’m not thick’ means that the narrator is
1) healthy.
2) clever.
3) strong.
4) hard-working.
18
Задание 18. Чтение № 12-18
My room faces the sun in the morning and on clear summer mornings it wakes me up bright and fresh, no matter what time I stayed up till. I get up and make breakfast, watch TV, have a shower. If it’s before six in the morning, I usually have a cup of tea and go back to bed where I’ll doze until seven. If I stay at my sister’s, I sleep until the kids wake me or until she comes rolling in, poured from the back of some taxi, whichever is earlier. I’m an early riser, and a dead sleeper.
This morning I wake up with a twitch, like the alarm clock in my head has given me a little electric jolt. It isn’t sunny outside. I pull back the curtains and the sky is dark grey, the same colour as the sea and it looks like the sun won’t appear before tomorrow. Today is Dad’s birthday. Every year on my Dad’s birthday I draw a picture of him and each year he looks a bit different. I’m an artist. There, I said it. It’s not that I draw a straighter line or a truer circle, as they try to teach us to do at school. I just get the message across more clearly than other people. More truthfully. I know it.
I read a lot of books too, mainly about artists, and I go through phases when I like a certain artist or a movement. And I try to paint like them. When my dad comes back, I’ll be able to say ‘this is you when I was twelve and I was in love with Monet’ or ‘this is you on your thirty-eighth birthday, when I was fourteen and I wanted to paint like Dante Gabriel Rossetti.’ And he’ll look at each painting and know that I loved him and never forgot him.
At the moment I’m into lines, simple lines. It’s a development of a six month obsession I had with calligraphy, which came out of a phase I had with cartoons, which came from Liechtenstein and Warhol, and so on all the way back. So I get out my charcoals, and a couple of sticks of chalk and I pin a heavy sheet of grey A3 paper onto a board and rest it on my knee as I sit on the bed.
On Saturday mornings when my Mum worked, he’d take me to town and I’d drag him around the art shops. On my eighth birthday he bought me an easel, a real one, not a kiddie’s. On my ninth birthday he bought me oils. On my sixth birthday he bought me a box of 99 crayons. ‘Draw me,’ he’d say. ‘Oh, Dad, I can’t.’ Some mornings I’d wake up and there’d be a book on my pillow about Picasso, or Chagall.
I should go to school, I really should. I’m not one of those kids who are scared to go. I don’t get bullied and I’m not thick. I just can’t find a good reason to waste my day in a classroom studying physics or citizenship or Buddhism. I could learn them in the library. Phil, the head of year eleven, will bollock me for it tomorrow, if I go in. I’ll tell Phil the truth, it was my Dad’s birthday and I spent it with him.
So I spend some time thinking about his hair, which I think is probably no more grey than it was last year. I know hair doesn’t age at the same speed every year, but I make his hair longer this year. And in my mind’s eye I give him an extra few pounds too. But I keep the smile fixed in my head, maybe a little muted, like it is when he’s happy but distracted, or trying to understand me when I’m babbling to him.
It’s head and shoulders, so I’ll put him in a T-shirt that shows his neck and throat and how strong he is and how his eyes sparkle and how his eyebrows are dead level straight and still black. I try to think of how much I want to show and how much I want to tell. Then I pick up a charcoal stick and do it. I pick up a chalk to add a suggestion of colour to his eyes, then another chalk for his mouth. And there he is. Dad.
Compared to the previous year, the narrator’s father
1) has much greyer hair.
2) has a happier smile.
3) is a bit fatter.
4) is much stronger.
19
Задание 20. Грамматика и Лексика. Задание № 20
Antarctica
- Antarctica is the ________ (DRY) place on Earth. Parts of the continent have seen no rain for two million years.
- A desert is technically defined as a place that receives less than 10 inches of rain a year. The Sahara __________ (GET) just 1 inch of rain a year.
- Moreover, Antarctica can also claim to be the wettest and the windiest. Seventy percent of the world’s fresh water is found there in the form of ice, and ___________ (IT) wind speeds are the fastest ever recorded.
- The unique conditions in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica _________ (CAUSE) by so-called katabatic winds.
- _______ (THIS) occur when cold, dense air is pulled downhill simply by the force of gravity.
- Though Antarctica is a desert, these completely dry parts of it are called, somewhat ironically, _________ (OASIS). They are so similar to conditions on Mars that NASA used them to test the Viking mission.
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово GET так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
A desert is technically defined as a place that receives less than 10 inches of rain a year. The Sahara __________ just 1 inch of rain a year.
20
Задание 21. Грамматика и Лексика. Задание № 21
Antarctica
- Antarctica is the ________ (DRY) place on Earth. Parts of the continent have seen no rain for two million years.
- A desert is technically defined as a place that receives less than 10 inches of rain a year. The Sahara __________ (GET) just 1 inch of rain a year.
- Moreover, Antarctica can also claim to be the wettest and the windiest. Seventy percent of the world’s fresh water is found there in the form of ice, and ___________ (IT) wind speeds are the fastest ever recorded.
- The unique conditions in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica _________ (CAUSE) by so-called katabatic winds.
- _______ (THIS) occur when cold, dense air is pulled downhill simply by the force of gravity.
- Though Antarctica is a desert, these completely dry parts of it are called, somewhat ironically, _________ (OASIS). They are so similar to conditions on Mars that NASA used them to test the Viking mission.
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово IT так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Moreover, Antarctica can also claim to be the wettest and the windiest. Seventy percent of the world’s fresh water is found there in the form of ice, and ___________ wind speeds are the fastest ever recorded.
21
Задание 22. Грамматика и Лексика. Задание № 22
Antarctica
- Antarctica is the ________ (DRY) place on Earth. Parts of the continent have seen no rain for two million years.
- A desert is technically defined as a place that receives less than 10 inches of rain a year. The Sahara __________ (GET) just 1 inch of rain a year.
- Moreover, Antarctica can also claim to be the wettest and the windiest. Seventy percent of the world’s fresh water is found there in the form of ice, and ___________ (IT) wind speeds are the fastest ever recorded.
- The unique conditions in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica _________ (CAUSE) by so-called katabatic winds.
- _______ (THIS) occur when cold, dense air is pulled downhill simply by the force of gravity.
- Though Antarctica is a desert, these completely dry parts of it are called, somewhat ironically, _________ (OASIS). They are so similar to conditions on Mars that NASA used them to test the Viking mission.
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово CAUSE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
The unique conditions in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica _________ by so-called katabatic winds.
22
Задание 23. Грамматика и Лексика. Задание № 23
Antarctica
- Antarctica is the ________ (DRY) place on Earth. Parts of the continent have seen no rain for two million years.
- A desert is technically defined as a place that receives less than 10 inches of rain a year. The Sahara __________ (GET) just 1 inch of rain a year.
- Moreover, Antarctica can also claim to be the wettest and the windiest. Seventy percent of the world’s fresh water is found there in the form of ice, and ___________ (IT) wind speeds are the fastest ever recorded.
- The unique conditions in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica _________ (CAUSE) by so-called katabatic winds.
- _______ (THIS) occur when cold, dense air is pulled downhill simply by the force of gravity.
- Though Antarctica is a desert, these completely dry parts of it are called, somewhat ironically, _________ (OASIS). They are so similar to conditions on Mars that NASA used them to test the Viking mission.
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово THIS так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
_______ occur when cold, dense air is pulled downhill simply by the force of gravity.
23
Задание 24. Грамматика и Лексика. Задание № 24
Antarctica
- Antarctica is the ________ (DRY) place on Earth. Parts of the continent have seen no rain for two million years.
- A desert is technically defined as a place that receives less than 10 inches of rain a year. The Sahara __________ (GET) just 1 inch of rain a year.
- Moreover, Antarctica can also claim to be the wettest and the windiest. Seventy percent of the world’s fresh water is found there in the form of ice, and ___________ (IT) wind speeds are the fastest ever recorded.
- The unique conditions in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica _________ (CAUSE) by so-called katabatic winds.
- _______ (THIS) occur when cold, dense air is pulled downhill simply by the force of gravity.
- Though Antarctica is a desert, these completely dry parts of it are called, somewhat ironically, _________ (OASIS). They are so similar to conditions on Mars that NASA used them to test the Viking mission.
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово OASIS так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
Though Antarctica is a desert, these completely dry parts of it are called, somewhat ironically, _________. They are so similar to conditions on Mars that NASA used them to test the Viking mission.
24
Задание 19. Грамматика и Лексика. Задание № 19
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово HE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
19 When you think of a pirate, what do you think of? Most people think of a man with a beard, a patch over one eye and a parrot on _____ shoulder. HE
25
Задание 25. Грамматика и Лексика. Задание № 25
25 Stella McCartney is more than just the daughter of music legend Paul McCartney of the Beatles. She is famous in her own right as a fashion ______ DESIGN.
26 Born in London in 1971, McCartney studied at Central Saint Martins College of Arts and Design. Alexander McQueen, another ______ GLOBE icon of the fashion world, studied there as well.
27 Despite her well-known last name, not everyone was sure that she would be ______SUCCESS in the fashion industry, but she worked hard to create eye-catching clothing and won early awards for her sharp, confident style.
28 Of course, she was well-connected to the rich and famous before she made a name for herself in fashion. During her ______ GRADUATE famous supermodels including Naomi Campbell and Kate Moss wore her clothes for the college’s runway show.
29 Her clothes are popular and sell well. Her 2005 collection for H&M clothing shops was designed to offer her fans a more affordable range, and sold out almost ______ IMMEDIATE.
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово DESIGN так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.Stella McCartney is more than just the daughter of music legend Paul McCartney of the Beatles. She is famous in her own right as a fashion ______.
26
Задание 26. Грамматика и Лексика. Задание № 26
Образуйте от слова INVADE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста
The history of Britain is a tale of many 26 _________, from Anglo Saxons to Vikings and Normans, …
27
Задание 27. Грамматика и Лексика. Задание № 27
Образуйте от слова LAST однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста
… and they all left a 27 ________ mark on the development of English as it is spoken today.
28
Задание 28. Грамматика и Лексика. Задание № 28
25 Lots of people can’t imagine their lives without cars. They are practical and ______ VALUE in getting from place to place, especially over long distances.
26 Yet, cars will lead to the ______ EXTINCT of mankind someday owing to the pollution they generate. With the number of vehicles on the road we are on the fast lane to smoggy skies and dirty air.
27 Another ______ ARGUE against cars is that people travel long distances without having any physical activity.
28 According to researchers, people are ______ SIGNIFICANT fatter in countries, states, and cities where car use is more common.
29 Moreover, we waste our time in ______ END traffic jams. Many of us have experienced being stuck for hours in traffic jams caused by road accidents.
Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово SIGNIFICANT так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.
According to researchers, people are ________ fatter in countries, states, and cities where car use is more common.
29
Задание 29. Грамматика и Лексика. Задание № 29
25 Many languages are spoken throughout the world, yet according to the myth of the Tower of Babel, there was a time in the past when all people spoke a _________ UNIVERSE language
26 Although this doesn’t seem a very __________ BELIEVE story if you consider how many languages are spoken in the world today, ….
27 What is true is that all through history people have always searched for the ideal language of _________ COMMUNICATE between …
28 Historically, languages have risen and fallen in __________ POPULAR
29 Both Latin and Greek were once the world’s most __________ INFLUENCE languages
Образуйте от слова INFLUENCE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста
Both Latin and Greek were once the world’s most __________ languages
30
Задание 30. Грамматика и Лексика. Задание № 30
At home
The holiday time was approaching. Tom hadn’t been (30) _________ forward to holidays; not just because he wondered if he’d ever see his friend Mike again, but also because it meant (31) ________ to No. 35 Edgefiel Road. He would have to share a room with his brother, Alex.
Tom’s days at Edgefield Road (32) _______ into a well-ordered rroutine: up at six, one slice of toast for breakfast, report to Mr. Richard at the newsagent’s by seven, stack the papers in the correct order, then deliver them. The whole exercise took about three hours, (33) ______ him to be back home in time for a cup of coffee with parents before they went off to work. At around seven-thirty Tom would set off the library, where he would meet up with his best friend, Clark. Clark was always sitting on the top step waiting for him.
In the afternoon, Tom would report for choir practice, as part of his (34) ________ to St Bede’s. He never (35) ________ it as such because he enjoyed singing so much.
In fact, he often prayed, “Please, God, when my voice breaks, let me be a tenor and I’ll never ask for anuthing else.”
After spending the evening going (36) ________ old exam papers, Tom would climb into bed around eleven. He quickly fell asleep because he felt tires at the end of the day.
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30-36. Вставьте пропущенное слово. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 30-36, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру, 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа:
1) seeing
2) looking
3) watching
4) glancing
31
Задание 31. Грамматика и Лексика. Задание № 31
At home
The holiday time was approaching. Tom hadn’t been (30) _________ forward to holidays; not just because he wondered if he’d ever see his friend Mike again, but also because it meant (31) ________ to No. 35 Edgefiel Road. He would have to share a room with his brother, Alex.
Tom’s days at Edgefield Road (32) _______ into a well-ordered rroutine: up at six, one slice of toast for breakfast, report to Mr. Richard at the newsagent’s by seven, stack the papers in the correct order, then deliver them. The whole exercise took about three hours, (33) ______ him to be back home in time for a cup of coffee with parents before they went off to work. At around seven-thirty Tom would set off the library, where he would meet up with his best friend, Clark. Clark was always sitting on the top step waiting for him.
In the afternoon, Tom would report for choir practice, as part of his (34) ________ to St Bede’s. He never (35) ________ it as such because he enjoyed singing so much.
In fact, he often prayed, “Please, God, when my voice breaks, let me be a tenor and I’ll never ask for anuthing else.”
After spending the evening going (36) ________ old exam papers, Tom would climb into bed around eleven. He quickly fell asleep because he felt tires at the end of the day.
Вставьте пропущенное слово
1) replacing
2) restoring
3) removing
4) returning
32
Задание 32. Грамматика и Лексика. Задание № 32
At home
The holiday time was approaching. Tom hadn’t been (30) _________ forward to holidays; not just because he wondered if he’d ever see his friend Mike again, but also because it meant (31) ________ to No. 35 Edgefiel Road. He would have to share a room with his brother, Alex.
Tom’s days at Edgefield Road (32) _______ into a well-ordered rroutine: up at six, one slice of toast for breakfast, report to Mr. Richard at the newsagent’s by seven, stack the papers in the correct order, then deliver them. The whole exercise took about three hours, (33) ______ him to be back home in time for a cup of coffee with parents before they went off to work. At around seven-thirty Tom would set off the library, where he would meet up with his best friend, Clark. Clark was always sitting on the top step waiting for him.
In the afternoon, Tom would report for choir practice, as part of his (34) ________ to St Bede’s. He never (35) ________ it as such because he enjoyed singing so much.
In fact, he often prayed, “Please, God, when my voice breaks, let me be a tenor and I’ll never ask for anuthing else.”
After spending the evening going (36) ________ old exam papers, Tom would climb into bed around eleven. He quickly fell asleep because he felt tires at the end of the day.
Вставьте пропущенное слово
1) went
2) fell
3) kept
4) held
33
Задание 33. Грамматика и Лексика. Задание № 33
At home
The holiday time was approaching. Tom hadn’t been (30) _________ forward to holidays; not just because he wondered if he’d ever see his friend Mike again, but also because it meant (31) ________ to No. 35 Edgefiel Road. He would have to share a room with his brother, Alex.
Tom’s days at Edgefield Road (32) _______ into a well-ordered rroutine: up at six, one slice of toast for breakfast, report to Mr. Richard at the newsagent’s by seven, stack the papers in the correct order, then deliver them. The whole exercise took about three hours, (33) ______ him to be back home in time for a cup of coffee with parents before they went off to work. At around seven-thirty Tom would set off the library, where he would meet up with his best friend, Clark. Clark was always sitting on the top step waiting for him.
In the afternoon, Tom would report for choir practice, as part of his (34) ________ to St Bede’s. He never (35) ________ it as such because he enjoyed singing so much.
In fact, he often prayed, “Please, God, when my voice breaks, let me be a tenor and I’ll never ask for anuthing else.”
After spending the evening going (36) ________ old exam papers, Tom would climb into bed around eleven. He quickly fell asleep because he felt tires at the end of the day.
Вставьте пропущенное слово
1) agreeing
2) admitting
3) allowing
4) accepting
34
Задание 34. Грамматика и Лексика. Задание № 34
At home
The holiday time was approaching. Tom hadn’t been (30) _________ forward to holidays; not just because he wondered if he’d ever see his friend Mike again, but also because it meant (31) ________ to No. 35 Edgefiel Road. He would have to share a room with his brother, Alex.
Tom’s days at Edgefield Road (32) _______ into a well-ordered rroutine: up at six, one slice of toast for breakfast, report to Mr. Richard at the newsagent’s by seven, stack the papers in the correct order, then deliver them. The whole exercise took about three hours, (33) ______ him to be back home in time for a cup of coffee with parents before they went off to work. At around seven-thirty Tom would set off the library, where he would meet up with his best friend, Clark. Clark was always sitting on the top step waiting for him.
In the afternoon, Tom would report for choir practice, as part of his (34) ________ to St Bede’s. He never (35) ________ it as such because he enjoyed singing so much.
In fact, he often prayed, “Please, God, when my voice breaks, let me be a tenor and I’ll never ask for anuthing else.”
After spending the evening going (36) ________ old exam papers, Tom would climb into bed around eleven. He quickly fell asleep because he felt tires at the end of the day.
Вставьте пропущенное слово
1) responsibility
2) requirement
3) obligation
4) agreement
35
Задание 35. Грамматика и Лексика. Задание № 35
At home
The holiday time was approaching. Tom hadn’t been (30) _________ forward to holidays; not just because he wondered if he’d ever see his friend Mike again, but also because it meant (31) ________ to No. 35 Edgefiel Road. He would have to share a room with his brother, Alex.
Tom’s days at Edgefield Road (32) _______ into a well-ordered rroutine: up at six, one slice of toast for breakfast, report to Mr. Richard at the newsagent’s by seven, stack the papers in the correct order, then deliver them. The whole exercise took about three hours, (33) ______ him to be back home in time for a cup of coffee with parents before they went off to work. At around seven-thirty Tom would set off the library, where he would meet up with his best friend, Clark. Clark was always sitting on the top step waiting for him.
In the afternoon, Tom would report for choir practice, as part of his (34) ________ to St Bede’s. He never (35) ________ it as such because he enjoyed singing so much.
In fact, he often prayed, “Please, God, when my voice breaks, let me be a tenor and I’ll never ask for anuthing else.”
After spending the evening going (36) ________ old exam papers, Tom would climb into bed around eleven. He quickly fell asleep because he felt tires at the end of the day.
Вставьте пропущенное слово
1) regarded
2) respected
3) thought
4) found
36
Задание 36. Грамматика и Лексика. Задание № 36
At home
The holiday time was approaching. Tom hadn’t been (30) _________ forward to holidays; not just because he wondered if he’d ever see his friend Mike again, but also because it meant (31) ________ to No. 35 Edgefiel Road. He would have to share a room with his brother, Alex.
Tom’s days at Edgefield Road (32) _______ into a well-ordered rroutine: up at six, one slice of toast for breakfast, report to Mr. Richard at the newsagent’s by seven, stack the papers in the correct order, then deliver them. The whole exercise took about three hours, (33) ______ him to be back home in time for a cup of coffee with parents before they went off to work. At around seven-thirty Tom would set off the library, where he would meet up with his best friend, Clark. Clark was always sitting on the top step waiting for him.
In the afternoon, Tom would report for choir practice, as part of his (34) ________ to St Bede’s. He never (35) ________ it as such because he enjoyed singing so much.
In fact, he often prayed, “Please, God, when my voice breaks, let me be a tenor and I’ll never ask for anuthing else.”
After spending the evening going (36) ________ old exam papers, Tom would climb into bed around eleven. He quickly fell asleep because he felt tires at the end of the day.
Вставьте пропущенное слово
1) about
2) with
3) into
4) over
37
Задание 37. Электронное письмо
You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Mary:
From: Mary@mail.uk |
To: Russian_friend@ege.ru |
Subject: health |
… Summer is coming and I want to look my best: healthy, energetic and physically fit. So I’m trying to eat plain, simply cooked natural food, have enough sleep at night and I have recently joined our local fitness club. Do you do anything special to stay healthy? What makes people healthy and strong? What do you think about a healthy lifestyle? By the way, I’m going to spend a month at the seaside this summer… |
Write an email to Kelly.
In your message:
− answer his questions;
− ask 3 questions about her coming summer holidays.
Write 100–140 words.
Remember the rules of email writing.
38
Задание 38. Задание № 38. Описание графиков и круговых диаграмм
Imagine that you are doing a project on why people in Zetland go to restaurants. You have found some data on the subject – the results of the opinion polls (see the table below).
Comment on the data in the table and give your opinion on the subject of the project.
Motives |
Number of people (%) |
To try unique dishes |
48 |
No need to cook at home |
20 |
To meet friends |
14 |
To celebrate a holiday |
10 |
To leave a tip for the waiter |
8 |
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an opening statement on the subject of the project;
— select and report 2-3 facts;
— make 1-2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;
— outline a problem that can arise with eating out and suggest a way of solving it;
— conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of restaurants in our lives.
39
Задание 39. Устная часть. Задание №39 — Чтение текста
By a strange coincidence, the same day that the meteorite terrified the people of Chelyabinsk, another 50m-wide asteroid passed relatively close to Earth. Scientists were expecting that visit and know that the asteroid will return to fly close by us in 2046, but the Russian meteorite earlier in the day had been too small for anyone to spot.
Most scientists agree that comets and asteroids pose the biggest natural threat to human existence. It was probably a large asteroid or comet colliding with Earth which wiped out the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago. An enormous object, 10 to 16km in diameter, struck the Yucatan region of Mexico with the force of 100 megatons. That is the equivalent of one Hiroshima bomb for every person alive on Earth today
40
Задание 40. Устная часть. Задание № 40 — Задать вопросы
Study the advertisement.
You are going to visit Japan this summer and you’d like to have more information about the flights to Japan. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask four questions to find out the following:
1) departure dates
2) travel time
3) return ticket price
4) discounts for students
You have 20 seconds to ask each question.
41
Задание 42. Устная часть. Задание №42 — Описание изображений
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a school project «Volunteer opportunities». You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to:
- explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences;
- mention the advantages (1–2) of the two types of volunteer work;
- mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two types of volunteer work;
- express your opinion on the subject of the project – which type of volunteer work you would prefer and why.
You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously.
Отличная работа!
Так держать!
Если остались вопросы, напиши своему куратору.
Для
ответов на задания С1 и С2 используйте
бланк ответов № 2. При выполнении
заданий С1 и С2 особое внимание обратите
на то, что ваши ответы будут оцениваться
только по записям, сделанным в бланке
ответов № 2. Никакие записи черновика
не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите
внимание также на необходимость
соблюдения указанного объема текста.
Тексты недостаточного объема, а также
часть текста, превышающая требуемый
объем —
не
оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер
задания (CI,
C2),
а затем ответ на него. Если одной
стороны бланка недостаточно, вы можете
использовать его другую сторону.
CI
You have 20 minutes to do this task.
You
have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Jane
who writes:
…
Yesterday
my Mum asked me to help her about the house. We were very busy with
cleaning up after the birthday party the whole morning. I got quite
tired and even missed my fitness class. What are your family duties,
if any? Is there anything you especially like or dislike about house
work? Do you find helping your parents necessary, why or why not?
Oh,
I have some great news! I got a lovely kitten for my birthday…
Write
a letter to Jane.
In
your letter
-
answer
her questions -
ask
3
questions
about
her kitten
Write
100
—
140
words.
Remember
the rules of letter writing.
C2
You have 40 minutes to do this task.
Comment
on the following statement.
Some
parents think that if there is a computer at home their children
will waste much of their time on videogames and social networking.
What
is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write
200
—
250
words.
Use
the following plan:
-
make
an introduction (state the problem) -
express
your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion -
express
an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing opinion -
explain
why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion -
make
a conclusion restating your position
©
2012 Федеральный институт педагогических
измерений. © 2012 Национальное образование.
Копирование, распространение и
использование без письменного разрешения
правообладателей не допускается
Вариант
3 Раздел
1. Аудирование
Bl
Вы
услышите 6 высказываний. Установите
соответствие между высказываниями
каждого говорящего A—F
и утверждениями, данными в списке 1-7.
Используйте каждое утверждение,
обозначенное соответствующей цифрой,
только
один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее
утверждение. Вы
услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои
ответы в таблицу.
-
I
would not return to using chemical cleaners that are bad for my
family. -
I
find recycling necessary to keep our planet clean. -
I
would like people to care more about our planet water resources. -
I
am sure our clean and safe future is worth new green habits today. -
I
am concerned about the long-term effects of pollution in big
cities. -
I
am trying to stop people from polluting the air. -
I
want people stop and think about the way we treat waste.
Говорящий |
A |
В |
С |
D |
E |
F |
Утверждение |
Вы
услышите разговор друзей. Определите,
какие из приведенных утверждений А1-А7
соответствуют
содержанию текста (1
—
True),
какие
не соответствуют (2
—
False)
и
о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на
основании текста нельзя дать ни
положительного, ни отрицательного
ответа (3
—
Not
stated).
Обведите
номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.
Вы услышите запись дважды.
Al
Jerry does not want to travel to a crowded place this summer.
1)
True 2)
False 3)
Not stated
A2
Jerry thinks that his last year journey to Paris was perfect.
1)
True 2)
False 3)
Not stated
A3
Kate would prefer to go to a popular European tourist resort.
1)
True 2)
False 3)
Not stated
A4
Jerry is going to swim in the sea in Egypt.
1)
True 2)
False 3)
Not stated
A5
Jerry will take part in several archeological excavations held
in Luxor.
1) True 2)
False 3)
Not stated
A6
Kate thinks that booking in advance is important.
1)
True 2)
False 3)
Not stated
A7
Jerry has discovered that prices at the chosen five stars hotel
are rather high.
1)
True 2)
False 3)
Not
stated
©
2012 Федеральный институт педагогических
измерений. © 2012 Национальное образование.
Копирование, распространение и
использование без письменного разрешения
правообладателей не допускается
28
ЕГЭ-2012.
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ
ЯЗЫК:
ТИПОВЫЕ
ЭКЗАМЕНАЦИОННЫЕ
ВАРИАНТЫ
Вы
услышите интервью. В заданиях А8-А14,
обведите
цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую
выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы
услышите
запись
дважды.
А8
А9
What
does James Smith mean using the word «dream»?
-
A
wish or a desire of a person. -
Human
cognitive abilities. -
The
process of sleeping.
One
possible reason for having difficulties in realizing one’s dreams is
-
criticism
from other people. -
wrong
life values. -
low
self-esteem.
A10
What is necessary to understand one’s dreams?
-
Communicating
with people. -
Deep
self-reflexion. -
Analyzing
others’ plans.
All
What of the following is NOT James Smith’s recommendation?
-
Ranging
one’s goals -
Making
a list of one’s goals. -
Sharing
one’s goals with friends.
А12
What
is, according to James Smith, the usual outcome of not following his
advice?
-
Having
no dreams and goals. -
Losing
friends. -
Feeling
sorry in the end.
A13
When saying «live out dreams» James Smith means
А14
-
fulfilling
them. -
understanding
them. -
forgetting
them.
According
to James Smith your dreams depend on your
-
joys
and regrets. -
family
and friends. -
talents
and abilities.
По
окончании выполнения заданий В1 и А1-А14
НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В
БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №
11 ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на
задания Bl,
A1-A14
располагаются в разных частях бланка.
При переносе ответов в задании В1 (в
нижней части бланка) цифры записываются
без пробелов и знаков препинания.
©
2012 Федеральный институт педагогических
измерений. © 2012 Национальное образование.
Копирование, распространение и
использование без письменного разрешения
правообладателей не допускается
ВАРИАНТ
3
29
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Conversation bricks
Обобщение:
- Маnу people think that … — Многие думают, что …
- Everybody says that … — Все говорят, что .
- We all know that … — Мы все знаем, что .
- Usually,- Обычно
- In general, — В общем,
Конкретизация:
- But don’t forget … — Да, но не забывайте…
- Very true, but … — Очень справедливо, но…
- But in fact,- Но, на самом деле, …
- But actually,- Но, в действительности, …
- ОК, but what about … ? — Хорошо, а как насчет …
- In reality — В действительности …
Для дискуссии:
I agree with уоu. — Я согласен с вами.
I don’t agree with уоu. — Я с вами не согласен.
Don’t give mе that! — Ну вот только не это.
I’m afraid that’s wrong. — Боюсь, что это не так.
I think so too. — Я тоже так думаю.
That’s exact1y what I wanted to say.- Вот именно это я и хотел
сказать.
Do уоu really think so? — Вы действительно так думаете?
That’s very true. — Именно так.
Yes, but don’t уоu think … — Да, но не кажется ли вам …
I’m afraid I can’t agree with уоu. — Боюсь, что не могу согласиться
с вами.
As а rule, — как правило
Could I say something here? — Можно мне здесь сказать?
Could I ask а question? — Можно задать вопрос?
Мау I interrupt for а moment? — Позвольте мне перебить?
Sorry, but … — Извините, но …
You are right. — Вы правы.
For example,- например
I саn prove it. — Я могу это доказать.
Positive opinion
1. I’m keen on … — Мне нравится …
2.I like … — Мне нравится …
- I’m interested in … — Меня интересует …
- 4. It’s mу сuр of tea. — Это мое.
5.I recommend … — Я рекомендую …
6. It is worth reading. — Это стоит почитать.
Negative opinion
- It’s а waste of time. — Это потеря времени.
- It’s not worth reading. — Это не стоит читать.
- It is not everybody’s сuр of tea.- Это не для всех.
4. It bored mе to death. — Она мне смертельно наскучила.
5.I can’t stand … — Я не выношу …
Предварительный просмотр:
Вариант №1
Раздел 1. Аудирование
Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A-F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1-7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
- Perfume can’t be a good present for many reasons.
- Best presents are presents that create shared memories.
- Practical presents are not good presents.
- This sort of present can be good for everybody.
- Good perfume is the best present that is always easy to get.
- This present is a good way out, but hot always perfect.
7. Think of a person’s lifestyle while choosing a present.
Говорящий |
A |
В |
С |
D |
E |
F |
Утверждение |
Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А1-А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
А1 Peter seldom goes to the library.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A2 Peter is satisfied with his term studies.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A3 Peter hopes to do as well in the course as his classmates,
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A4 Peter prefers to work at his computer at home.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A5 Jane does not expect Peter to pass his language exam.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A6 Jane has always been the best student in the group.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A7 Jane has some problems with one of her subjects.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях А8-А14, обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
А8 What, according to Michael Mitchell, is the biggest plus of Vintage Inns?
- Picturesque locations.
- Nostalgic landlords and landladies.
- Tourists from all over the world.
A9 What point does Michael Mitchell make about Vintage Inns’ gardens?
- They are perfect for any season.
- All Vintage Inns must have them.
- They are an alternative to dine in good weather.
A10 Why does not Michael Mitchell do anything to advertise his inns?
- They are close to local places of interest.
- They are not far from city centers.
- They are situated around London.
A11 What is typical of all the Vintage Inns?
- Traditional old style.
- Victorian design.
- Good food and atmosphere.
A12 According to Michael Mitchell, Vintage Inns menus
- preserve traditional style in cooking.
- modernize traditional dishes.
- offer mainly international food.
A13 When is the menu likely to be more varied?
- Saturdays.
- Weekdays.
- Sundays.
A14 What is the booking policy of Vintage Inns?
- It is not an accepted practice there.
- You need to book well in advance.
- Booking is possible only on Fridays.
По окончании выполнения заданий В1 и А1-А14 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания Bl, А1—А14 располагаются в разных частях бланка. При переносе ответов в задании В1 (в нижней части бланка) цифры записываются без пробелов и знаков препинания
Раздел 2. Чтение
В2. Установите соответствие между заголовками 1-8 и текстами A-G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
Controlling skies
Lack of safety
Bicycle is faster
Office at home
Blocked roads
Paid roads
Improving railways
Buses instead of cars
- The world’s first public passenger railway was built in Great Britain in 1826 and
ran between the industrial north-eastern towns of Stockton and Darlington. After
180 years’ experience the British say that their trains still don’t seem to run
efficiently or even safely. On average, about 500 accidents with broken rail tracks
happen in the country every year.
- The British government is promising to give £33.5 billion to modernise the
railways before 2010. Another £30 billion is to come from the private sector. The
main target is to increase safety and speed. For example, new London-to-Scotland
high-speed trains significantly reduce journey times and in 2004 a warning system
was installed throughout the country.
- Statistics show that only 12% of all journeys made in Britain are by public
transport. The remaining 88% are made by car. Every year British people spend
about two weeks travelling to and from work including nine days in their own
cars. But anyone will say this isn’t a quick and easy way to travel. In fact, a
journey from London to Manchester frequently takes seven hours. A cyclist could
get there quicker.
- Every year there are about half a million traffic jams in Britain. That is nearly
10,000 a week. There are hundreds of big traffic jams every day. According to
the forecast, the number of jams will grow by 20 per cent over the next ten years.
Nearly a quarter British people find themselves in a jam every day and 55 per
cent at least once a week.
- Nowadays many British people take their children to school by car. Twenty years
ago, nearly one in three primary school children made their own way to school.
Now only one child in nine makes their own way. During the school year at 08:50
a.m. one car in five on the roads in any British town is taking children to school.
The solution could be special school buses widely used in the USA.
- Many scientists hope that new technologies allowing more people to work at home
may help with traffic problems. Fewer people will work from 9 to 5 and travel to
and from work during the rush hour. But only 15% of people now want to spend
more time working at home. The workplace is, for many people, a place to meet
other people and to talk to them, so they would miss it if they worked from home.
- In 1903, the Wright brothers made the first aeroplane flight. It only lasted 12 seconds but changed the world forever. A century later, air travel is no longer a miracle, it is part of everyday life. One billion air passengers now fly every year — that’s equivalent to a sixth of the world’s population. To make sure everything runs smoothly, there are special air traffic control centres in each country which watch every aeroplane.
A |
В |
С |
D |
E |
F |
G |
ВЗ. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Elephants sense ‘danger’ clothes
St Andrews University researchers discovered that elephants could recognise the degree of danger posed by various groups of individuals.
The study found that African elephants always reacted with fear A_______ previously worn by men of the Maasai tribe. They are known to demonstrate their courage by В _______.
The elephants also responded aggressively to red clothing, which defines traditional Maasai dress.
However, the elephants showed a much milder reaction to clothing previously worn
by the Kamba people, С________ and pose little threat.
The researchers first presented elephants with clean, red clothing and with red
clothing that had been worn for five days by D_______.
They revealed that Maasai-smelt clothing motivated elephants to travel significantly faster in the first minute after they moved away.
They then investigated whether elephants could also use the colour of clothing as a cue to classify a potential threat and found the elephants reacted with aggression E_________. This suggested that they associated the colour red with the Maasai.
The researchers believe the distinction in the elephants’ emotional reaction to smell and colour might be explained by F__________ . They might be able to distinguish among different human groups according to the level of risk they posed.
«We regard this experiment as just a start to investigating precisely how elephants ‘see the world’, and it may be that their abilities will turn out to equal or exceed those of our closer relatives, the monkeys and apes,» researchers added.
- either a Maasai or a Kamba man
- who do not hunt elephants
- when they detected the smell of clothes
- who carried out the research
- the amount of risk they sense
- spearing elephants
- when they spotted red but not white cloth
А |
В |
С |
D |
Е |
F |
Прочитайте рассказ и выполните задания А15-А21.В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
Cry-baby
It was almost midnight before they got around to giving the Oscars to the really well-known personalities. At first a series of guest stars had awarded the prizes: to the best designer, to the best special-effects man, for the best technical invention for motion pictures during the year, and to all the other people, so unknown outside the industry, but so significant within it.
I looked around the theatre, recognizing most of the weighty faces in the business, but not caring much. You see, I was pretty nervous. Myra Caldwell, whom I had brought to the ceremony, was sitting there beside me, and right across the aisle was Joan Weyland. Now, to get the picture properly, you have to remember that during that particular year Myra had played the sensational supporting role in The Devil Loses and had been called the greatest find in the history of pictures. But that was the same year that Joan Weyland had stolen a big picture called Calumet Centre right out from under the nose of one of the most famous female stars in the industry. The only other actress nominated was not given much chance. Now in a few minutes, they were going to announce who had won the Oscar for the Best Supporting Actress of the year. It was the hottest Contest and everybody was aware of it. Furthermore, it was no secret that the two leading contestants would be delighted to boil each other in oil — win, lose, or draw. And here they were across the aisle from each other. Do you get why I was nervous?
Then the lights went down. They were going to run short scenes from the pictures for which the actors and actresses had been nominated. The supporting-actress pictures were coming on, and here was Joan Weyland in her grand scene from Calumet Centre. The audience started to applaud as soon as they saw her.
After that they ran a short episode from Whirlwind, showing the other nominee, a refugee actress called Tanya Braden. I had never seen the picture of the actress, and the picture hadn’t made much money, but there was no doubt she could act! She played the star’s mother and she made you believe it.
Then they ran Myra’s big moment in The Devil Loses. After it was over, I tried to guess who had the biggest chance.
«I think I won,» Myra said to me.
The lights went up. The old actor, who had won the Supporting Actor award the year before, came through the curtains and prepared to present the award. I didn’t see how I was going to live through the next few minutes. He got the envelope and began opening it very slowly.
He was loving every second of it, the old man. Then he looked at the little piece of paper.
«The Winner,» he said, then paused again, «is Miss Tanya Braden, for her performance in Whirlwind.»
Well, I’m not too sure about the sequence of events that followed. I don’t remember the applause, because Joan let out a loud cry from across the aisle that drowned out everything else. Then Myra started to cry. I don’t mean cry like the ordinary person, but I mean cry so that the building shook.
Then Joan jumped to her feet and started out, and her mother accompanied her. But I couldn’t do anything with Myra. The show was interrupted and the whole theatre was staring at her. I picked her up and carried her out.
It wasn’t a very pleasant performance, but I think there is some excuse. After all, Joan is 8 years old, and Myra is only 6, and she isn’t used to being up so late. I’m a little on her side anyway. And why not? I’m her father.
A15. At the beginning of the Oscar ceremony prizes were awarded
- to the most famous stars among the winners.
- to the best director.
- for the best film.
- to the secondary members of shooting crews.
A16. Joan Weyland and Myra Caldwell were present at the ceremony because they
- had both played in one film which had an Oscar nomination.
- had been nominated as two of the Best Supporting Actresses of the year.
- wanted to see the well-known personalities of the film industry.
- accompanied the nominees.
A17. The phrase Myra «had been called the greatest find in the history of pictures» means that
- she found the best way to perform her role.
- she was awarded with a prize for the best performance in the history of cinema.
- her debut was called very successful.
- she revealed sensational facts in the film «The Devil Loses».
A18 «Calumet Centre» was
- a picture by some popular artist.
- a film in which a famous actor starred.
- a picture painted by a famous female star.
- a film in which Joan was given a role instead of a famous actress.
A19 The narrator describes the relations between Joan and Myra as
- friendship.
- rivalry.
- sympathy.
- partnership.
A20 The narrator liked the performance of the third nominee, Tanya Braden, because she
- played her part very convincingly.
- was very beautiful.
- was a well-known actress.
- played as a partner of a world-famous star.
A21 Myra’s and Joan’s reactions to the announcement about Tanya’s victory could be excused because they
- were very proud of themselves.
- had performed their roles better than Tanya.
- were very young.
- were very famous actresses.
По окончании выполнения заданий В2, ВЗ и А15-А21 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 11 ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания В2, ВЗ, А15-А21 располагаются в разных частях бланка. При переносе ответов в заданиях В2 и ВЗ цифры записываются без пробелов и знаков препинания.
Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика
Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В4-В10, так чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В4—В10.
B4 Some of the natural wonders are known for their beauty. The Meteor Crater is not one of them. It looks like a big hole in the desert. It ___________ by a meteorite hitting the earth thousands of years ago.
CAUSE
B5 The crater is 4,145 feet across, and 570 feet deep. It is the _________ impact crater in the entire world.
LARGE
B6 When Europeans discovered it in 1871, they ________ it was the top of a volcano.
THINK
B7 Since then, scientists __________the crater for many years, but there are still many secrets and mysteries hiding inside it.
EXPLORE
It was simple
B8 One day last summer my nine-year-old daughter went off to the camp. All her things ____________in a small bag.
PACK
В9 Two weeks later, Anna came back home and I unpacked her things.
Everything was clean and well folded. «Camp sure has changed you.
Your things look much_________than usual.»
GOOD
B10 «It was simple, Mom,» she answered. «I didn’t unpack. Many ______did the same.»
CHILD
Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11-В16, однокорен-ные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11-В16.
Invention of Potato Chips
B11 The potato chip was invented in 1853 by George Crum who was a chef at a restaurant in New York. Fried potatoes were popular at the restaurant because they were rather_________, but one day a visitor complained that the slices were too thick.
EXPENSIVE
B12 Crum made thinner slices, but the________ customer was still dissatisfied.
NERVE
B13 Crum finally made fries that were too thin to eat with a fork, hoping
to annoy the ___________difficult customer.
EXTREME
B14 But the customer was happy — and that was the _________ of potato chips!
INVENT
B15 _________ manufacturing of potato chips began in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1895.
INDUSTRY
B16 The chips gained even more_________ in 1926 when a wax paper potato chip bag was invented that helped to keep them fresh and crisp.
POPULAR
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22-А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.
Helping Mother
“Liz! Remember to clean up the basement, ok?” Mrs. Parker called out. Liz, who was still lying in bed, sighed heavilv and A22________. «All right, mom,» she answered flatly, dragging herself out of bed. She got changed and headed downstairs for breakfast. As usual, the whole family was already seated at the dining table. Liz greeted everyone and sat at a A23 _______ seat next to her elder brother Evan. «Pass me the butter, bro,” she said. «Sure,» Evan replied and passed it to her. «Thanks,» Liz said, and A24 ________ a thin layer of it onto her toast. Mrs. Parker placed an arm onto her daughter’s shoulder. «Honey, I know it’s going to be a tiring day for you, and I’d like your brother to help too. But he’s got to head back to school for a day-long band practice.» Liz sat still and didn’t utter a A25 ________ word. She was mad that Evan had band practice and did not need to help in the A26________chores. «I know what you’re thinking, Liz. But honey, we really need your help. Dad’s away on a A27_______ trip, you know, his boss has sent him. Evan’s busy with band practices, and I’ve got to help your grandma. You know, her health’s been poor these days-» «Ok, ok. Enough of it, mom. I’ll clean up the basement,» Liz said. Sometimes she wished her mother wouldn’t explain the reasons to her. Anyway, she thought to herself, it’ll be good to A28_______ the basement a little. She hadn’t stepped into it since they moved in here a couple of months ago. “Who knows something interesting will pop out of nowhere,» she grinned.
A22 1) waved 2) nodde 3) bowed 4) bent
A23 1) clear 2)unfilled 3) blank 4) vacant
A24 1) spread 2) extended 3) divided 4) covered
A25 1) separate 2) single 3) only 4) sole
A26 1) housework 2) homework 3) household 4) housekeeping
A27 1) working 2) official 3) company 4) business
A28 1) discover 2) research 3) explore 4) analyze
По окончании выполнения заданий В4-В16, А22-А28 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ МП ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания В4-В16, А22—А28 располагаются в разных частях бланка. При переносе ответов в заданиях В4-В16 буквы записываются без пробелов и знаков препинания.
Раздел Письмо
Для ответов на задания С1 и С2 используйте бланк ответов № 2. При выполнении заданий С1 и С2 особое внимание обратите на то, что ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в бланке ответов № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объема текста. Тексты недостаточного объема, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объем — не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (CI, С2), а затем ответ на него. Если одной стороны бланка недостаточно, вы можете использовать его другую сторону.
CI You have 20 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Tom who writes:
Last month our class went to Washington to visit the National Museum of American History. It was my first visit there and it was fun! How often do you go to museums with your class, if at all? Which museum is your favourite or what museum would you like to visit? Why do you think people should go there?
This summer we plan to go hiking with my parents.
Write a letter to Tom. In your letter
- answer his questions
- ask 3 questions about his summer plans
Write 100-140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
C2 You have 40 minutes to do this task.
Comment on the following statement.
Some students think that the most important thing for a teacher is to make studying enjoyable for students.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200-250 words. Use the following plan:
make an introduction (state the problem)
express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion
express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing opinion
explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
make a conclusion restating your position
Предварительный просмотр:
Вариант №2
Раздел Аудирование
B1 Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A-F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1-7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
- I feel unhappy because I can’t change public attitude to our planet.
- I would like to see new energy saving laws introduced.
- I am afraid of the after-effects of human activities.
- I am sure that wise attitude to basic earth supplies is necessary.
- I do not want my family to live in polluted environment.
- I am for the use of energy saving practices in house construction.
- I find many simple ways to help our planet in everyday life.
Говорящий |
A |
В |
С |
D |
E |
F |
Утверждение |
Вы услышите разговор друзей. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А1-А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
A1 When leaving school Emily already knew that she would study medicine.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A2 Emily left Melbourne to get new experiences.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A3 Emily moved to Finland because she found her lab work in London boring.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A4 In Finland people at university preferred to speak Finnish with Emily.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A5 David is not happy about his experience of learning French in France.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A6 David would like to go by the trans-Siberian train one day.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A7 Emily is going to London again to continue her studies of immune system
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях А8-А14, обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
A8 The Portobello Festival differs from festivals in Cannes and Venice as it
- is running its second season only.
- is not so fashionable and well-known.
- does not attract celebrities.
A9 The festival was initially founded to
- let independent filmmakers demonstrate their work.
- help different filmmakers earn money.
- advertise video equipment but not to show films.
A10 According to the festival’s director they made the festival free because
- they get enough money for placing advertisements.
- there are no expensive prizes and launch parties.
- sponsors and funds provide good financial support.
A11 One characteristic feature of the Portobello Festival is that
- 700 films are shown each festival season.
- only short films are chosen for the festival annually.
- student films are shown together with professionals’ works.
A12 The festival’s director believes that their films are
- of better quality than TV films.
- worthy to be shown on TV.
- the world’s top hits.
A13 The famous filmmaker whose first film was shown at the festival is
- John Malkovich.
- Guy Ritchie.
- Jonathan Barnett.
A14 Speaking about future plans, the festival’s director
- thinks the festival will be united with Glastonbury or Edinburgh events.
- believes the festival should turn to other arts mostly.
- sounds optimistic about the festival extension.
По окончании выполнения заданий В1 и А1-А14 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания B1, А1-А14 располагаются в разных частях бланка. При переносе ответов в задании В1 (в нижней части бланка) цифры записываются без пробелов и знаков препинания.
Раздел 2. Чтение
B2 Установите соответствие между заголовками 1—8 и текстами A—G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
Useful Invention
US Younger Generation
Modern Branch of Industry
Historical Separation
Verbal Misunderstanding
Britain, the World Empire
All in One
Old Enough
A. For 150 years America was a British colony. At that time British and American
English were almost exactly the same. When America won the War of Independence
in 1776, it became a free country. The USA was quickly growing richer, and
millions of Europeans came to settle here. They brought new words and expressions
to the language. As a result, English in America began to develop in its own way
and today, there are certain differences in pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary
and spelling between American and British English.
B. Typical American teenagers are in fact very ordinary. They think their teachers
make them work too hard, they love their parents but are sure they don’t
understand anything, and their friendships are the most important things in their
lives. Some of them do have a lot of money to spend, but usually they have earned it themselves. Most young people take jobs while they are in school. They work
at movie theatres, fast-food restaurants, gas stations, and stores to pay for their
clothes and entertainment. Maybe this is what makes them so independent from
their parents at such a young age?
C. Is it possible to have one device with the functions of a TV-set, a PC and the
Internet? With the advent of Internet TV it has become a reality. Imagine watching
a film on TV and getting information on the actors in the film at the same time!
To enter web-addresses and write e-mails you use a remote control and an on-screen
keyboard or an optional wireless keyboard. By clicking a button, you can also read
adverts, ‘chat’ with a friend, plan your holiday and play your favourite video games.
And in the future you’ll be able to change the plot of the film you are watching!
D. When do you stop being a child and become an adult? There are lots of laws about
the age when you can start doing things. In Britain, for example, you can get
married at 16, but you cannot get a tattoo until you are 18. In most American
states you can have a driving licence at 17, but you cannot drink until you are
21. In Russia you can be put to prison when you are 16, but you cannot vote until
you are 18. In fact, most European countries and the US have the same age for
voting: 18. Many people, however, think that this is unfair. They would like to
vote at an earlier age.
E. Blue jeans were a by-product of the Gold Rush. The man who invented jeans, Levi Strauss, emigrated from Germany to San Francisco in 1850. Levi was 20 years
old, and he decided to sell clothes to the miners who were in California in search
of gold. When he was told that durable trousers were the most needed item of
clothing, Levi began making jeans of heavy tent canvas. Levi’s jeans were an
immediate success. Soon he switched from canvas to a cotton fabric which came
from Nimes, a city in France. The miners called it ‘denim’ and bought a lot of
trousers from Strauss.
F. Some fifty years ago people hadn’t even heard of computers, and today we cannot
imagine our life without them. Computer technology is now the fastest-growing
industry in the world. The first computer was the size of a minibus and weighed
a ton. Today, its job can be done by a chip the size of a pinhead. And the revolution
is still going on. Very soon we’ll have computers that we’ll wear on our wrists or
even in our glasses and ear-rings. Such wearable computers are now being developed
in the USA.
G. Some American words are simply unknown on the other side of the Atlantic, and
vice versa. But a lot of words exist in both variants, and these can cause trouble.
British visitors to America are often surprised at the different meanings that
familiar words have acquired there. If an Englishman asks in an American store
for a vest, he will be offered a waistcoat. If he wants to buy a handbag for his
wife, he should ask for a purse, and if she wants to buy a pair of tights, she
should ask for pantyhose: tights in America are what ballet dancers wear.
A |
В |
С |
D |
E |
F |
G |
B3 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Culture and customs
In less than twenty years, the mobile telephone has gone from being rare, expensive equipment of the business elite to a pervasive, low-cost personal item. In many countries, mobile telephones A_______ ; in the U.S., 50 per cent of children have mobile telephones. In many young adults’ households it has supplanted the land-line telephone. The mobile phone is В___________, such as North Korea.
Paul Levinson in his 2004 book Cellphone argues that by looking back through history we can find many precursors to the idea of people simultaneously walking and talking on a mobile phone. Mobile phones are the next extension in portable media, that now can be С_______ into one device. Levinson highlights that as the only mammal to use only two out of our four limbs to walk, we are left two hands free D_______ — like talking on a mobile phone. Levinson writes that «Intelligence and inventiveness, applied to our need to
communicate regardless of where we may be, led logically and eventually to telephones
that we E__________ .»
Given the high levels of societal mobile telephone service penetration, it is a key means for people F_________ . The SMS feature spawned the «texting» sub-culture. In December 1993, the first person-to-person SMS text message was transmitted in Finland. Currently, texting is the most widely-used data service; 1.8 billion users generated $80 billion of revenue in 2006.
- to perform other actions
- outnumber traditional telephones
- to communicate with each other
- combined with the Internet
- to serve basic needs
- banned in some countries
- carry in our pockets
A |
В |
С |
D |
E |
F |
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15-А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
A Gifted Cook
If there is a gene for cuisine, Gabe, my 11-year-old son, could splice it to perfection. Somewhere between Greenwich Village, where he was born, and the San Francisco Bay area, where he has grown up, the little kid with the stubborn disposition and freckles on his nose has forsaken Boy Scouts and baseball in favor of wielding a kitchen knife.
I suppose he is a member of the Emeril generation. Gabe has spent his formative years shopping at the Berkeley Bowl, where over half a dozen varieties of Thanksgiving yams, in lesser mortals, can instill emotional paralysis. He is blessed with a critical eye. «I think Emeril is really cheesy,» he observed the other night while watching a puff pastry segment. «He makes the stupidest jokes. But he cooks really well.»
With its manifold indigenous cultures, Oaxaca seemed the perfect place to push boundaries. Like the mole sauces for which it is justly famous, the region itself is a subtle blend of ingredients — from dusty Zapotec villages where Spanish is a second language to the zocalo in colonial Oaxaca, a sophisticated town square brimming with street life and vendors selling twisty, one-story-tall balloons.
Appealing to Gabe’s inner Iron Chef seemed like an indirect way to introduce him to a place where the artful approach to life presides. There was also a selfish motive: Gabe is my soul mate, a fellow food wanderer who is not above embracing insanity to follow his appetite wherever it leads.
Months ahead of time, we enrolled via the Internet in the daylong Wednesday cooking class at Seasons of My Heart, the chef and cookbook author Susana Trilling’s cooking school in the Elta Valley, about a 45-minute drive north to town. In her cookbook and PBS series of the same name, Ms. Trilling, an American whose maternal grandparents were Mexican, calls Oaxaca «the land of no waste» where cooking techniques in some ancient villages have endured for a thousand years.
I suspected that the very notion of what constitutes food in Oaxaca would test Gabe’s mettle. At the suggestion of Jacob, his older brother, we spent our second night in Mexico at a Oaxaca Guerrero baseball game, where instead of peanuts and Cracker Jack, vendors hawked huge trays piled high with chapulines, fried grasshoppers cooked in chili and lime, a local delicacy. Gabe was bug-eyed as he watched the man next to him snack on exoskeletal munchies in a paper bowl. «It’s probably less gross than a hot dog,» he admitted. «But on the rim of the bowl I saw a bunch of legs and served body parts. That’s revolting!»
Our cooking day began at the Wednesday market in Etla, shopping for ingredients and sampling as we went. On the way in the van, Gabe had made friends with Cindy and Fred Beams, fellow classmates from Boston, sharing opinions about Caesar salad and bemoaning his brother’s preference for plain pizza instead of Hawaiian. Cindy told Gabe about a delicious sauce she’d just had on her omelet at her В & В. «It was the best sauce — to die for,» she said. «Then I found out the provenance. Roasted worms.»
The Oaxacan taste for insects, we’d learn — including the worm salt spied at the supermarket and the «basket of fried locusts» at a nearby restaurant — was a source of protein dating back to pre-Hispanic times.
When our cooking class was over I saw a flicker of regret in his face, as though he sensed the world’s infinite variety and possibilities in all the dishes he didn’t learn to cook. «Mom», he said plaintively, surveying the sensual offerings of the table. «Can we make everything when we get home?»
A15 Gabe’s mother thinks that he is
1) lazy.
2) determined.
3) selfish.
4) thoughtful.
A16 Gabe is supposed to represent the Emeril generation because he
- is fond of criticizing others.
- feels happy being alone.
- is interested in cooking.
- is good at making jokes.
A17 The narrator wanted to take Gabe to Oaxaca because
- he could speak Spanish.
- there are a lot of entertainments for children there.
- he knew a lot about local cultures.
- he was the best to keep her company.
A18 Gabe was struck when he
- was told that local cooking techniques were a thousand years old.
- saw the man next to him eat insects.
- did not find any dish to satisfy his appetite.
- understood that a hot dog was less gross than a local delicacy.
A19 The Oaxacan people eat insects because this kind of food
- tastes pleasant.
- is easy to cook.
- contains an essential nutritional element.
- helps to cure many diseases.
A20 At the end of the class Gabe felt regret because
- there were a lot of dishes he could not make on his own.
- the dishes he made were not tasty.
- he did not want to go back home.
- he had not managed to master all the dishes he liked.
A21 In paragraph 3 «brimming with» means
- lacking.
- being filled with.
- astonishing with.
- beckoning with.
По окончании выполнения заданий В2, ВЗ и А15-А21 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 11 ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания В2, ВЗ, А15-А21 располагаются в разных частях бланка. При переносе ответов в заданиях В2 и ВЗ цифры записываются без пробелов и знаков препинания.
Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика
Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В4-В10, так чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В4-В10.
The Climate of Russia
B4 Russia has a varied climate. Almost all of Russia in________ the North Temperature Zone.
SITUATE
B5 The climate is continental; however, the fluctuations in temperature are __________ than in other European countries.
GREAT
B6 The extreme north is a cold bare region — the tundra. For more than six months it ________in snow.
BURY
B7 This region can be called the land of_________ rivers.
FREEZE
B8 In May the temperature begins to rise. The gloomy night is succeeded by continuous daylight, when the sun ______ below the horizon for several months.
NOT SINK
B9 The better part of Russia is not influenced by the warm winds of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. There are no mountains in the north to form a barrier against the cold winds _______ from the Arctic Ocean.
BLOW
B10 The extreme west of Russia has a temperate climate. Thus, the
summers in the Baltic are cool and the winters mild. If we go_______ east, the climate will become more continental.
FAR
Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11-В16, однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11—В16.
Tourism in Australia
B11 The growth of tourism infrastructure related to the base of Ayers Rock, or Uluru began in the 1950s. Soon it started to produce adverse ____________impacts.
ENVIRONMENT
B12 It was decided in the early 1970s to remove all accommodation-related tourist facilities and re-establish them outside the park. In 1975, _____________a of 104 square kilometres of land beyond the park’s northern boundary was chosen as the site for a new resort.
RESERVE
B13 A year or two later, the __________ of a tourist facility and an associated airport, to be known as Yulara started.
DEVELOP
B14 The camp ground within the park was closed in 1983 and the motels closed in late 1984, coinciding with the opening of the luxurious resort. In 1992, the majority interest in the Yulara resort held by the Northern Territory __________ was sold and the resort was renamed Ayers Rock Resort.
GOVERN
B15 Since listing the park as a World Heritage Site, the annual number of ________rose to over 400,000 people by the year 2000.
VISIT
B16 Increased tourism provides regional and national economic benefits. It also presents an ongoing challenge to balance conservation of ______ values and tourists’ needs.
CULTURE
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22-А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22-А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.
Mausoleum of Mausolus
The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus (present Bodrum, Turkey) was a tomb built in 350 ВС for king Mausolus and Artemisia, his wife.
In 377 ВС, Halicarnassus was the capital of a small regional kingdom on the coast of Anatolia. In that year the ruler of the region died and left the kingdom to his son, Mausolus. Before his death the father king A22 ________ control of several of the neighboring cities and districts. Mausolus A23___________ the territory of the kingdom as far as the southwest coast of Anatolia. Mausolus and Artemisia ruled from their capital over the surrounding territory A24_________ twenty-fore years. Mausolus, although he was descended from local people, spoke Greek and A25 __________ the Greek way of life and government. He founded many cities of Greek design along the coast and A26_________ Greek democratic traditions.
Mausolus decided to build a new capital, a city as safe from capture as magnificent to be seen. He chose the city of Halicarnassus. Mausolus and Artemisia spent huge A27_________ of tax money to embellish the city.They commissioned statues, temples and buildings of gleaming marble. In the center of the city Mausolus planned to place a resting place for his body after his death. It would be a tomb that would forever show how rich he and his queen were.
In 353 ВС Mausolus died, leaving Artemisia broken-hearted. As a tribute to him,
she decided to build him the most splendid tomb, a structure so famous that it became
one of the Seven Wonders of the A28_______World.
A22 1) captured 2) took 3) achieved 4) required
A23 1) extended 2) lengthened 3) prolonged 4) doubled
A24 1) by 2) in 3) with 4) for
A25 1) worshiped 2) admired 3) beloved 4) fancied
A26 1) insisted 2) suggested 3) encouraged 4) persuaded
A27 1) amounts 2) numbers 3) quantities 4) figures
A28 1) Archaic 2) Prehistoric 3) Antique 4) Ancient
По окончании выполнения заданий В4-В16, А22-А28 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ МП ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания В4-В16, А22—А28 располагаются в разных частях бланка. При переносе ответов в заданиях В4-В16 буквы записываются без пробелов и знаков препинания.
Раздел 4. Письмо
Для ответов на задания С1 и С2 используйте бланк ответов № 2. При выполнении заданий С1 и С2 особое внимание обратите на то, что ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в бланке ответов № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объема текста. Тексты недостаточного объема, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объем — не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (CI, С2), а затем ответ на него. Если одной стороны бланка недостаточно, вы можете использовать его другую сторону.
CI You have 20 minutes to do this task.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Jane who writes:
… Yesterday my Mum asked me to help her about the house. We were very busy with cleaning up after the birthday party the whole morning. I got quite tired and even missed my fitness class. What are your family duties, if any? Is there anything you especially like or dislike about house work? Do you find helping your parents necessary, why or why not?
Oh, I have some great news! I got a lovely kitten for my birthday…
Write a letter to Jane.
In your letter
- answer her questions
- ask 3 questions about her kitten
Write 100 — 140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
C2 You have 40 minutes to do this task.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that you can master the language only if you study it abroad, in the native speaking environment.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200 — 250 words.
Use the following plan:
- make an introduction (state the problem)
- express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion
- express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing opinion
- explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
- make a conclusion restating your position.
Предварительный просмотр:
Вариант №3
Раздел 1. Аудирование
B1 Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A-F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1-7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
- I would not return to using chemical cleaners that are bad for my family,
- I find recycling necessary to keep our planet clean.
- I would like people to care more about our planet water resources.
- I am sure our clean and safe future is worth new green habits today.
- I am concerned about the long-term effects of pollution in big cities.
- I am trying to stop people from polluting the air.
- I want people stop and think about the way we treat waste.
Говорящий |
A |
В |
С |
D |
E |
F |
Утверждение |
Вы услышите разговор друзей. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А1-А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды
А1 Jerry does not want to travel to a crowded place this summer.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
А2 Jerry thinks that his last year journey to Paris was perfect.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
А3 Kate would prefer to go to a popular European tourist resort.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
А4 Jerry is going to swim in the sea in Egypt.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
А5 Jerry will take part in several archeological excavations held in Luxor.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
А6 Kate thinks that booking in advance is important.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
А7 Jerry has discovered that prices at the chosen five stars hotel are rather high.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях А8-А14, обведите цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
A8 What does James Smith mean using the word «dream»?
- A wish or a desire of a person.
- Human cognitive abilities.
- The process of sleeping.
A9 One possible reason for having difficulties in realizing one’s dreams is
- criticism from other people.
- wrong life values.
- low self-esteem
A10 What is necessary to understand one’s dreams?
- Communicating with people.
- Deep self-reflexion.
- Analyzing others’ plans.
A11 What of the following is NOT James Smith’s recommendation?
- Ranging one’s goals
- Making a list of one’s goals.
- Sharing one’s goals with friends.
A12 What is, according to James Smith, the usual outcome of not following his advice?
- Having no dreams and goals.
- Losing friends.
- Feeling sorry in the end.
A13 When saying «live out dreams» James Smith means
- fulfilling them.
- understanding them.
- forgetting them.
A14 According to James Smith your dreams depend on your
- joys and regrets.
- family and friends.
- talents and abilities.
Раздел 2. Чтение
B2 Установите соответствие между заголовками 1-8 и текстами A-G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
- Lucky escape
- Long journey
- Good way to meet
- Growing in popularity
- Ordering in
- Fast food is unhealthy
- 7. A new way to buy
- 8. Too much choice
A. When you are tired and don’t want to cook, just pick up the phone. Restaurants are expensive and take some time and effort to reach if you don’t live in the centre of town. Ordering food for home delivery is cheap and these days there is a huge choice. Indian and Chinese are the most popular but I prefer to get in a pizza.
B. A school group on a skiing holiday to Italy narrowly avoided disaster when their coach left the road and fell eighty meters into a valley. Trees slowed down the falling coach and because of the fresh new snow the vehicle landed quite softly. Amazingly no one was injured.
C. A teenager from London is making news around the world. On his recent holiday in Australia he set off without his mobile phone. Experts are amazed that he is still alive after walking for fourteen days, surviving extreme temperatures and living off the land. However, a lot of Australians are unhappy with him. The rescue cost is estimated at more than 100,000 dollars.
D. You can buy almost anything, new or second hand, on the internet. On one site you can offer the price you want to pay for something. Whoever offers the highest price can buy that item. Recently I made the highest offer for a nearly new pair of skis. However, I only paid half of what they would have cost new in a shop.
E. Making new friends on the internet makes so much sense. You can see someone’s photo and read if they share your interests and opinions. The important thing is you can spend time getting to know people who are attractive to you and looking for the same things in life that you are. Still, for personal safety, most sites recommend that in person you meet initially in a public place like a café or a gallery.
F. I like eating out but some restaurants have huge menus. And usually every item sounds mouth watering. The trouble is I like to read about everything on offer and sometimes waiters wait for me rather than on me! The other issue is how they can offer so much whilst maintaining quality? I’d rather take one of five options knowing that each one was brilliant.
G. «Facebook» is a social networking website that has 250 million members and despite lots of criticism by employers, governments and media, continues to attract thousands of new users daily. In spite of claims of concerns about privacy, safety and wasting time at work, «Facebook» is one of the most rapidly establishing phenomena of recent years.
A |
В |
С |
D |
E |
F |
G |
ВЗ Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
My Stage
My family moved to Rockaway, New Jersey in the summer of 1978. It was there that my dreams of stardom began.
I was nine years old. Heather Lambrix lived next door, and she and I became best friends. I thought she was so lucky A__________ . She took tap and jazz and got to wear cool costumes with bright sequences and makeup and perform on stage. I went to all of her recitals and В____ .
My living room and sometimes the garage were my stage. I belonged to a cast of four, which consisted of Heather, my two younger sisters, Lisa and Faith, and I. Since I was the oldest and the bossiest, I was the director. Heather came with her own costumes С________. We choreographed most of our dance numbers as we went along. Poor Faith … we would throw her around D________. She was only about four or five … and so agile. We danced around in our bathing suits to audiocassettes and records from all the Broadway musicals. We’d put a small piece of plywood on the living room carpet, E________. And I would imitate her in my sneakers on the linoleum in the hall. I was a dancer in the making.
My dad eventually converted a part of our basement into a small theater. He hung two «spotlights» and a sheet for a curtain. We performed dance numbers to tunes like «One» and «The Music and the Mirror» from A Chorus Line. I sang all the songs from Annie. I loved to sing, F______. I just loved to sing. So I belted out songs like «Tomorrow», «Maybe» and «What I Did For Love.» I knew then, this is what I wanted to do with my life.
- like she was a rag doll
- whether I was good at it or not
- wished I, too, could be on stage
- and I designed the rest
- and I was star struck
- so Heather could do her tap routine
- because she got to go to dance lessons
A |
В |
С |
D |
E |
F |
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15-А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
Avoidance activity
I am in Birmingham, sitting in a cafe opposite a hairdresser’s. I’m trying to find the courage to go in and book an appointment. I’ve been here three quarters of an hour and I am on my second large cappuccino. The table I’m sitting at has a wobble, so I’ve spilt some of the first cup and most of the second down the white trousers I was so proud of as I swanked in front of the mirror in my hotel room this morning.
I can see the hairdressers or stylists as they prefer to be called, as they work. There is a man with a ponytail who is perambulating around the salon, stopping now and then to frown and grab a bank of customer’s hair. There are two girl stylists: one has had her white blonde hair shaved and then allowed it explode into hundreds of hedgehog’s quills; the other has hair any self-respecting woman would scalp for: thick and lustrous. All three are dressed in severe black. Even undertakers allow themselves to wear a little white on the neck and cuffs, but undertakers don’t take their work half as seriously, and there lies the problem. I am afraid of hairdressers.
When I sit in front of the salon mirror stuttering and blushing, and saying that I don’t know what I want, I know I am the client from hell. Nobody is going to win Stylist of the year with me as a model.
‘Madam’s hair is very th …’,they begin to say ‘thin’, think better of it and change it for ‘fine’—ultimately, coming out with the hybrid word ‘thine’. I have been told my hair is ‘thine’ many times. Are they taught to use it at college? Along with other conversational openings, depending on the season: ‘Done your Christmas shopping?’ ‘Going away for Easter?’ ‘Booked your summer holiday?’ ‘You are brown, been way?’ ‘Nights are drawing in, aren’t they?’ ‘Going away for Christmas?’
I am hopeless at small talk (and big talk). I’m also averse to looking at my face in a mirror for an hour and a half. I behave as though I am a prisoner on the run.
I’ve looked at wigs in stores, but I am too shy to try them on, and I still remember the horror of watching a bewigged man jump into a swimming pool and then seeing what looked like a medium sized rodent break the surface and float on the water. He snatched at his wig, thrust it anyhow on top of his head and left the pool. I didn’t see him for the rest of the holiday.
There is a behavior trait that a lot of writers share—it is called avoidance activity. They will do anything to avoid starting to write: clean a drain, phone their mentally confused uncle in Peru, change the cat’s litter tray. I’m prone to this myself, in summer I deadhead flowers, even lobelia. In winter I’ll keep a fire going stick by stick, anything to put off the moment of scratching marks on virgin paper.
I am indulging an avoidance activity now. I’ve just ordered another cappuccino, I’ve given myself a sever talking: For God’s sake, woman! You are forty-seven years of age. Just cross the road, push the salon door open, and ask for an appointment!
It didn’t work. I’m now in my room, and I have just given myself a do-it-yourself hairdo, which consisted of a shampoo, condition and trim, with scissors on my Swiss army knife.
I can’t wait to get back to the Toni & Guy salon in Leicester. The staff there haven’t once called my hair ‘thine’ and they can do wonders with the savagery caused by Swiss army knife scissors.
A15 The narrator was afraid to enter the hairdresser’s because she
- had spilt coffee on her white trousers.
- doubted the qualification of local stylists.
- was strangely self-conscious.
- was pressed for time.
A16 Watching the stylists, the narrator concluded that they
- were too impulsive.
- had hair anyone would envy.
- had strange hair-dos themselves.
- attached too much importance to their ‘craft’.
A17 The narrator calls herself ‘the client from hell’ mainly because she
- doesn’t like to look at herself in the mirror.
- never knows what she wants.
- is too impatient to sit still.
- is too demanding.
A18 The narrator doesn’t like stylists as they
- are too predictable in their conversation.
- have once suggested that she should try a wig.
- are too insensitive to clients wishes.
- are too talkative.
A19 According to the narrator the avoidance activity is
- common to all writers.
- mostly performed in winter.
- talking to oneself.
- a trick to postpone the beginning of work.
A20 The narrator finally
- talked herself into going and fixing an appointment.
- got her hair done at a hotel.
- cut her hair after shampooing it.
- spoilt her hair completely.
A21 The last paragraph means that the Toni & Guy salon in Leicester is the
- only hairdresser’s she has ever risked going to,
- salon she trusts and is not afraid to go to.
- place where she is a special client.
- the first place she has ever tried.
Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика
Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В4-В10, так чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В4-В10.
Who really discovered America?
B4 Everybody knows that Christopher Columbus discovered America. Was he really the first to reach the continent? The great Norwegian explorer Thor Heyerdal believed that ancient people were able to build boats that_________cross oceans.
CAN
B5 To test his ideas, Heyerdal decided to build a copy of the ancient
Egyptian boat and sail across the Atlantic. On May 25, 1969 the boat
called Ra left a port in Morocco and headed across the_________ part of the Atlantic.
WIDE
B6 On May 17, 1970 Ra successfully crossed the Atlantic, that _______ ancient civilizations had enough skill to reach America long before Columbus.
PROVE
Greek myths: Apollo and Cassandra
B7 In ancient Greece there were many temples built for Apollo. He was the god of youth, beauty, music and poetry. Besides, Apollo had one very special skill — he could see the future. One day Apollo came to
the temple in Troy. Among other ______he saw Cassandra, a young and beautiful priestess, who worked at the temple.
WOMAN
B8 Apollo _______ by her grace IMPRESS
B9 The minute Apollo saw Cassandra, he_______in love. It was love at first sight. Apollo offered her a deal. He would give Cassandra the gift of being able to see the future, if she gave him a kiss. Cassandra agreed.
FALL
B10 With a laugh, Apollo gave her the gift,________about the reward. Instantly, Cassandra could see the future. She saw Apollo, in the future, helping to destroy Troy.
DREAM
Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11-В16, однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11—В16.
The World’s Language
B11 The English language is famous for the richness of its vocabulary. Webster’s New International Dictionary lists 450,000 words, and the new Oxford English Dictionary has 615,000, but that is only part of the total. Technical and ___________ terms would add millions more.
SCIENCE
B12 The wealth of existing synonyms means that __________ of English have two words for something denoted by one word in a different language. The French, for instance, do not distinguish between house and home, between mind and brain. The Spanish cannot differentiate a chairman from a president.
SPEAK
B13 In Russia, there are no native words for efficiency, challenge and engagement ring. Of course, every language has areas in which it needs, for ___________ purposes, to be more expressive than others.
PRACTICE
B14 The Eskimos have fifty words for types of snow, though there is no word for just plain snow. ___________ , African languages have no native word for snow.
NATURAL
B15 Nowadays, globalization influences the ______________ of languages.
DEVELOP
B16 Some native words ___________, giving way to international terms.
APPEAR
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22-А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям А22—А28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.
Mark’s Visit to Ravenscar
Mark and Fenella were the first to arrive at Ravenscar. Mark had not been to Ravenscar for a long time, but even so he had not forgotten the spectacular A22 ______ from the library windows. As he and Fenella were ushered into the room by Cecily Deravenel, he A23 _______ his best not to rush over to the windows to enjoy the view.
«It’s lovely to see you both,» Cecily was A24 _________ , and then her face broke into smiles. «Ah, here’s Bess, your greatest admirer, Fenella. And Nanny with the other children.»
A moment later Fenella and Cecily were surrounded by the youngsters, all clamoring for attention, and Mark took the opportunity to walk to the other end of the room. Mark always thought that A25 _____ up children was so boring.
Turning around Mark allowed his eyes to sweep the room for an admiring moment, taking in long shelves of books, several memorable paintings, and the handsome antiques, made of dark, ripe woods. There were A26 _____sofas and chairs arranged near the huge stone fireplace. A27 ______ the warm weather, a log fire was blazing. It was a pleasure to be in such a nice room.
His eyes settled on Fenella, who was momentarily preoccupied with the youngsters,and he had to admit he had never seen such beautiful children in his life. They might have just stepped out of a portrait by one of the greatest artists of the eighteenth century, Thomas Gainsborough, George Romney, Sir Joshua Reynolds. Suddenly he A28 _____ he had had children.
A22 1) look 2) gaze 3) view 4) stare
A23 1) made 2) held 3) kept 4) did
A24 1) saying 2) speaking 3) telling 4) talking
A25 1) raising 2) bringing 3) rearing 4) growing
A26 1) comfortable 2) relaxing 3) convenient 4) suitable
A27 1) Although 2) Unlike 3) Instead 4) Despite
A28 1) wanted 2) longed 3) wished 4) willed
По окончании выполнения заданий В4-В16, А22-А28 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ МП ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания В4-В16, А22-А28 располагаются в разных частях бланка. При переносе ответов в заданиях В4-В16 буквы записываются без пробелов и знаков препинания.
Раздел 4. Письмо
Для ответов на задания С1 и С2 используйте бланк ответов М 2. При выполнении заданий С1 и С2 особое внимание обратите на то, что ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в бланке ответов № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объема текста. Тексты недостаточного объема, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объем — не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (CI, С2), а затем ответ на него. Если одной стороны бланка недостаточно, вы можете использовать его другую сторону.
You have 20 minutes to do this task.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Jane who writes:
… / have just returned from our school volleyball competition. I played for my class team and we won! What sport competitions are held in your school, if any? How can you become a member of your school sport team? Is it an easy thing to do? What kind of sport sections can you attend at school or in town?
Oh, I have some more good news! My sister had a great birthday party yesterday!
Write a letter to Jane.
In your letter
— answer her questions
- ask 3 questions about her sister’s birthday party
Write 100 — 140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
C2 You have 40 minutes to do this task.
Comment on the following statement.
Some people think that boys and girls should study separately at different schools.
What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement?
Write 200-250 words. Use the following plan:
- make an introduction (state the problem)
- express your personal opinion and give 2-3 reasons for your opinion
- express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasons for this opposing opinion
- explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
- make a conclusion restating your position
Предварительный просмотр:
Вводные фразы для неофициальных писем.
- Письмо должно быть правильно структурировано:
— обращение, соответствующее неофициальному стилю, на отдельной строке;
— вступление с ссылкой на предыдущие контакты (на полученное письмо) — отдельный абзац;
— главная часть, соответствующая пунктам задания (несколько абзацев — помните о правильном делении на абзацы);
— заключение;
— завершающая фраза на отдельной строке;
— подпись на отдельной строке (только имя).
- Письмо надо также правильно оформить:
— краткий адрес автора в правом верхнем углу;
— дата (под адресом).
ПРИМЕР
25 Volodarskogo St
Saransk
Russia
1 June 2003
Dear Tom,
It was good of you to think of writing to me, and I appreciate it very much.
Thanks for your letter. I was so glad to receive it.
I was delighted to receive your nice letter.
Thank you very much for the letter you sent me.
I’ve long been intending to write to you, but one thing or another have arisen to prevent me from carrying out my good intentions. Besides, you know, the longer one postpones writing, the more difficult it is to begin.
How are you doing? Everything is fine with me. I’m sorry that I haven’t written for a while, but I’ve been really busy.
In your letter you ask me about …
You ask me to tell you a few things about …
Well, …
As for the …
It is great that …
How long …?
What …?
Do you think …?
Are you …?
Could you please tell me …?
Please tell me more about it.
I would like very much to hear about …
I would be very much obliged because …
Do you think you could find time to make inquiries at bookstores in London? If you manage to get it and send it to me by airmail, I would be most grateful.
I wonder if it would be possible for you to send a copy of the book to me? I would be only too pleased to send you something in return.
I have been wondering recently how you are getting on and whether things have been improving for you.
Anyway, I’d better go now. I’ve got loads of homework to do tonight.
I am very eager to hear from you, so please write as soon as you can.
I am looking forward to your early reply. Please write me soon.
I am looking forward to receive your letter.
Hope to hear from you soon.
I hope you will write me again soon.
Best wishes,
Masha
Предварительный просмотр:
Приложение 9-2
Инструкция для участников ГИА по устной части ГИА по иностранным языкам
1. Проведение устной части ОГЭ по иностранным языкам требует строгого следования инструкциям в целях достижения максимальной объективности оценивания. Ваше перемещение во время устной части экзамена будет проходить согласно установленному расписанию через следующие помещения: аудитория для ожидания (в которой мы находимся), аудитория для подготовки к ответу на устной части экзамена, аудитория, в которой проходит собеседование с экзаменатором.
2. Организатор, обеспечивающий перемещение участников ГИА во время экзамена, пригласит вас из аудитории для ожидания в аудиторию для подготовки, где у Вас будет не менее 10 минут на выполнение следующих действий:
- сесть за парту и заполнить регистрационные поля бланков ответов №1, №2,
- прочесть и понять содержание двух заданий;
- при необходимости сделать записи для ответа на черновике (записи можно делать на любом языке, они не оцениваются, но рекомендуется делать заметки на иностранном языке).
3. Использовать словари или какие-либо другие справочные материалы НЕ разрешается.
4. По истечении отведенного на подготовку времени вас пригласят в аудиторию для устного ответа. С собой вы берете ИК и черновик со своими записями. Помните, что, если во время устного ответа вы читаете вслух текст, написанный в аудитории для подготовки к устному ответу, ваш ответ будет оценён в 0 баллов.
5. В аудитории для устного ответа находится экзаменатор. Он проводит с вами собеседование, выполняя роль партнера по общению.
Все ваши ответы будут записываться в цифровом формате и проверяться независимо двумя экспертами по специально разработанным критериям.
6. Вы должны чётко и громко произнести своё имя и фамилию в начале ответа, а после выполнения задания сказать: «Ответ окончен». В случае отказа от ответа вы должны сказать, что отказываетесь от выполнения задания части С2 или С3, или С2 и С3.
7. Перед началом выполнения заданий вам будет предложено несколько вводных вопросов, ответы на которые не оцениваются (в течение 1–2 мин.).
8. На каждое задание отводится определенное время. Обращайте внимание на время, указанное в каждом задании. Предполагаемое время устного ответа не более 6 минут.
9. Ваше общение с экзаменатором-собеседником ограничивается только экзаменационными заданиями.
10. По окончании вашего ответа Вам дадут прослушать элементы аудиозаписи вашего ответа. В случае, если запись была сделана некорректно, Вам будет предложено повторить ваш ответ. Оценивание ваших умений в говорении будет проводиться по второй аудиозаписи.
11. По окончании экзамена вы должны покинуть этаж/ППЭ. НЕ разрешается заходить в аудитории для ожидания и подготовки, общаться с участниками ГИА, не сдавшими экзамен. Хождение по этажу/ППЭ запрещено.
Предварительный просмотр:
Предварительный просмотр:
Аттестационное испытание по форме билеты.
Выпускник: Демчук Александр 9 В класс.
Предмет: английский язык
Оценивание по комплексным показателям (каждый из показателей оценивается по 4х бальной шкале «отлично», «хорошо», «удовлетворительно», «неудовлетворительно»:
- Оценка по чтению текста, ответов на вопросы _________________
- Оценка высказывания по проблеме ___________________
- Оценка речевой ситуации _________________
- Итоговая оценка __________________________
2.2. Оценка за ответ на вопрос выставляется:
- «Отлично» — если ответ исчерпывающий, правильный, уверенный и четкий;
- «Хорошо» — если ответ в основном полный и правильный, однако допущены незначительные погрешности, исправленные после дополнительных вопросов;
- «Удовлетворительно» — если ответ неполный, неуверенный, нечеткий, отдельные положения неправильные, однако путем наводящих вопросов в основном достигается необходимая полнота ответов;
- «Неудовлетворительно» — если ответ сумбурный, неправильный, содержит существенные, принципиальные ошибки, учащийся не понимает сущности излагаемого вопроса или не дает ответа на него.
Итоговая оценка за ответы по билету определяется средним баллом оценок, полученных по каждому вопросу:
«Отлично» — если средний балл не менее 4,5;
«Хорошо» — если средний балл не менее 3,5;
«Удовлетворительно» — если средний балл от 2,7 до 3,5. Допускается наличие одной оценки «неудовлетворительно»;
«Неудовлетворительно» — если не выполнены требования для получения оценки «удовлетворительно».
Предварительный просмотр:
Как писать эссе на английском языке?
Отвечая на вопрос, «как писать эссе на английском языке», стоит напомнить, что любое эссе состоит из нескольких частей. Я бы определила три самых главных: введение, основная часть и заключение. Во введении необходимо обозначить ключевую мысль, идею или проблему, о которой вы будете говорить в основной части. Лучше всего, если она прозвучит в виде какого-нибудь краткого, но лаконичного законченного высказывания. Кстати, это может быть и цитата на английском языке, если вам удастся подобрать ее в соответствии со смысловым содержанием этого эссе на английском языке.
В основной части эссе на английском языке полагается представить какие-либо доводы, доказательства или опровержения вашей основной мысли, которые бы выражали лично ваше мнение по данному вопросу. Можно привести примеры, которые будут иллюстративно отображать вашу точку зрения. При написании эссе на английском языке постарайтесь избегать заумных или книжных фраз, которые превратят вашу работу в скучное творение. В этом случае проверяющий может вообще отказаться читать эту работу. Лучше используйте простой, но одновременно хороший, грамотный, качественный английский. Употребляйте больше прилагательных и наречий, но главное достоинство письменного английского в этом случае – синонимы глаголов и слов в целом. Ваше эссе станет запоминающимся,лексически и грамматически «красивым». И да, ошибки не приветствуются!
В заключении завершите все ваши рассуждения и сделайте выводы, которые и будут финальной частью вашего эссе на английском языке. Все части эссе должны плавно переходить одна в другую, все мысли должны быть логически связанными. В этом вам поможет специальная лексика, которая и существует для того, чтобы вы последовательно излагали свои мысли.
Например, при добавлении можете воспользоваться такими словами, как moreover (кроме того, более того), as well as (так же как, а так же), furthermore (кроме того, к тому же). Если хотите отобразить контраст или противопоставление, обращайтесь к but (но), however (однако), on the other hand (с другой стороны), yet (даже, пока, уже), on the contrary (на самом деле, наоборот, напротив). Ограничить можно с помощью слов despite / in spite of (несмотря на), выразить причину или итог чего-либо получится при помощи следующей лексики: therefore(поэтому, по этой причине), so (итак, поэтому), as a result (вследствие этого, таким образом),consequently (следовательно, поэтому), this results in (в результате), this leads to(получается). Обратите внимание и на наречия порядка и последовательности – then (потом), next(затем, в следующий раз), after (после), finally / lastly (наконец).
Основной проблемой при определении ключевого момента в том «как писать эссе на английском языке» является неспособность кратко, но грамотно изложить свои мысли. Как правило, мы стараемся, как говорится, «растекаться мыслью по древу» или «лить воду». Вот этого как раз делать не стоит, так как большой объем не нужной информации в вашем эссе на английском языке не станет достоинством вашей работы, а будет ее недостатком. Если вы пишите эссе не на экзамене, а просто готовитесь к чему-либо, попросите друзей и родственников прочитать его и оценить. Сами тоже перечитайте его несколько раз, чтобы увидеть, допустили ли вы смысловые или грамматические ошибки, и в случае присутствия благополучно от них избавиться.
Существует достаточно книг по написанию эссе на английском языке. Вы можете поискать материал на данную тему, ознакомиться с советами и подсказками специалистов. Примеры эссе можно посмотреть на сайте usingenglish.com.
Полезные фразы при написании эссе на английском
При написании эссе на английском вы можете использовать следующие фразы, предоставленные ниже. Это поможет вам легче связать части эссе между собой и сделать его еще более легко читаемым:
- Одной из главных причин для… — One of the main reasons for …
- Одним из основных факторов является … — One of the major factors in … is…
- Один из самых сильных аргументов против / в пользу … это … — One of the strongest arguments against/ in favour of … is …
- Одним из основных преимуществ / недостатков … это … — One of the main advantages / disadvantages of … is …
- Вообще говоря, … — Generally speaking, …
- Кроме того, более того,… — moreover,…
- Так же как / а так же… — as well as,…
- Кроме того, к тому же — furthermore.
Если хотите отобразить контраст или противопоставление, обращайтесь: but (но), however (однако), on the other hand (с другой стороны), yet (даже, пока, уже), on the contrary (на самом деле, наоборот, напротив).
Ограничить можно с помощью слов despite / in spite of (несмотря на), выразить причину или итог чего-либо получится при помощи следующей лексики: therefore (поэтому, по этой причине), so (итак, поэтому), as a result (вследствие этого, таким образом), consequently (следовательно, поэтому), this results in (в результате), this leads to (получается).
Обратите внимание и на наречия порядка и последовательности — then (потом), next (затем, в следующий раз), after (после), finally / lastly (наконец).
Это прежде всего выражение мнения:
In my opinion
I agree, I disagree
From my point of view
Some people say that
According to
Таких вводных слов можно набрать не один десяток и, умело поместив их в текст, улучшить его качество.
Фразы и примерная структура эссе на английском языке
Начало эссе (фактически — сочинения на заданную тему) — постановка проблемы. В первом абзаце (введении) необходимо сообщить читателю тему Вашего эссе, перефразировав ее, используя синонимы ключевых слов (показывая, что вы её осмыслили). Затем следует намекнуть читателю, какую позицию займете Вы. Используйте безличные или неопределенно-личные предложения, чтобы подчеркнуть свою объективность. |
|
Many people think … but others do not agree. |
Многие люди думают, (что) … , но другие не согласны. |
Let us consider what the advantages and disadvantages of … are. |
Рассмотрим, каковы преимущества и недостатки … . |
Let’s consider some pros and cons of it. |
Давайте рассмотрим некоторые плюсы и минусы (этого). |
Let us start by considering the facts. |
Начнем с рассмотрения фактов. |
Let us start by considering pros and cons of it. |
Начнем с рассмотрения плюсов и минусов (этого). |
It is generally agreed today that … |
Сегодня общепризнано, что … . |
Следующие фразы можно использовать, если требуется рассмотреть аргументы «за» и «против». Не забывайте использовать слова-связки. |
|
To begin with, … . |
Начнем с того, что … . |
You can … . |
Вы можете (Можно) … . |
Firstly, … / Secondly, … / Finally, … . |
Во-первых, … / Во-вторых, …/ Наконец, … . |
One argument in support of … . |
Один из аргументов в поддержку … . |
The first thing that needs to be said is … . |
Первое, что нужно сказать, это то, что … . (Прежде всего, следует сказать, что … .) |
First and foremost … . |
В первую очередь … . |
It is true that … / clear that … / noticeable that … . |
Это правда, что … / Ясно, что … / Примечательно, что … |
One should note here that … . |
Здесь следует отметить, что … . |
Another good thing about … is that … . |
Еще один положительный момент … заключается в (том, что) … . |
The second reason for … . |
Вторая причина … . |
It is often said that … . |
Часто говорят, что … . |
It is undeniable that… |
Нельзя отрицать, что … . |
It is a well-known fact that … . |
Хорошо известно, что … . |
For the great majority of people … . |
Для подавляющего большинства людей … . |
We live in a world in which … . |
Мы живем в мире, в котором … . |
A number of key issues arise from the statement. For instance, … . |
Это утверждение затрагивает ряд ключевых вопросов. Например, … . |
One of the most striking features of this problem is … . |
Один из самых поразительных аспектов этой проблемы … . |
First of all, let us try to understand … . |
Прежде всего, давайте попытаемся понять … . |
The public in general tend to believe that … . |
Общественность в целом склонна полагать, что … . |
What is more, … . |
Более того, … . |
Besides, … because it is … . |
Кроме того, … потому что … . |
Doubtless, … . |
Несомненно, … . |
One cannot deny that … . |
Нельзя отрицать, что … . |
It is (very) clear from these observations that … . |
Из этих наблюдений (абсолютно) ясно, что … . |
On the other hand, we can observe that … . |
С другой стороны, мы можем наблюдать, что … . |
The other side of the coin is, however, that … . |
Однако, с другой стороны, … . |
Another way of looking at this question is to … . |
Чтобы взглянуть на эту проблему с другой стороны, надо … . |
One should, nevertheless, consider the problem from another angle. |
Тем не менее, следует взглянуть на эту проблему с другой стороны. |
One should, however, not forget that … . |
Тем не менее, не следует забывать, что … . |
If on the one hand it can be said that … the same is not true for … . |
И если с одной стороны, можно сказать, что … , то же самое нельзя сказать о … . |
On the other hand, … . |
С другой стороны, … . |
Although … . |
Хотя … . |
Besides, … . |
Кроме того, … . |
Moreover, … . |
Более того, … . |
Furthermore, one should not forget that … . |
Кроме того, не следует забывать, что … . |
In addition to … . |
Кроме (того, что) … . |
Nevertheless, one should accept that … . |
Тем не менее, следует признать, что … . |
However, we also agree that … . |
Однако, мы также согласны с тем, что … . |
Подкрепить свою мысль можно мнением (неких абстрактных) экспертов. |
|
Experts… |
Эксперты … |
… believe that … . |
… считают, что … . |
… say that … . |
… говорят, что … . |
… suggest that … . |
… предполагают, что … . |
… are convinced that … . |
… убеждены, что … . |
… point out that … . |
… отмечают, что … . |
… emphasize that … . |
… подчеркивают, что … . |
According to some experts… |
По мнению некоторых экспертов, … . |
Perhaps we should also point out the fact that … . |
Возможно, нам также следует отметить тот факт, что … . |
It would be unfair not to mention that fact that … . |
Было бы несправедливо не упомянуть тот факт, что … . |
One must admit that … . |
Надо признать, что … . |
We cannot ignore the fact that … . |
Мы не можем игнорировать тот факт, что … . |
One cannot possibly accept the fact that … . |
Трудно смириться с тем фактом, что … . |
From these facts, one may conclude that … . |
Из этих фактов, можно сделать вывод (о том), что … . |
Which seems to confirm the idea that … . |
Что, по-видимому, подтверждает мысль (о том), что … . |
Thus, … / Therefore,… |
Таким образом, … / Поэтому … . |
The most common argument against this is that … . |
Наиболее распространенным аргументом против этого является то, что … . |
В заключении эссе делаете вывод. |
|
In conclusion, I can say that although … , … . |
В заключение я могу сказать, что, хотя … , … . |
To draw the conclusion, one can say that … . |
Подводя итог, можно сказать, что … . |
So it’s up to everybody to decide whether … or not. |
Так что каждый должен решить для себя … ли … , или нет. |
The arguments we have presented … suggest that … / prove that … / would indicate that … . |
Представленные нами аргументы … предполагают, что … / доказывают, что … / указывают на то, что … . |
From these arguments one must … / could… / might … conclude that … . |
Исходя из этих аргументов, надо … / можно … / можно было бы … прийти к заключению о том, что … . |
Образец эссе с аргументацией «за» и «против»
ЗАДАНИЕ:
In western countries after secondary school, students very often do not continue immediately with their studies, but they take a one year break, called a ‘gap year’, when they travel or do voluntary work. Write an argumentative essay presenting arguments for and against the gap year.
Образец эссе:
Введение
в тему
In today’s world of fierce competition, it is important for young people to get well-prepared for the challenges of the future. Thus the institution of gap year can be regarded as a step in the right direction though it is also not without its problems.
Аргументы
«за»
In its favour, the gap year seems to be useful psychologically as it helps young people understand their needs and interest better before they actually commit themselves to any particular career path. Besides, the gap year has educational advantages because it offers a lot of opportunities to learn about the world and one’s own place in it. For all these reasons, the gap year can be regarded as a positive social institution.
Аргументы
«против»
However, as critics are quick to point out, the gap year can in fact be harmful as it interrupts with the rhythm of learning and often makes it difficult for students to return to their studies. Apart from that, unfortunately not every young person can afford to travel around the world and many of them end up sitting around at home, which can be very demotivating.
Заключение
All in all, the gap year may arouse mixed feelings, but still thousands of people every year take a year off. One can only hope they will use it fruitfully, minimizing the dangers and taking full advantage of its benefits.
Характерные черты эссе с аргументацией «за» и «против» |
Рекомендуемые вводные фразы |
1. Введение: начните с общего представления темы (In today’s world… it is important) и предложения, выражающего её двойственный характер (It can be regarded as… but not without its problems). |
1. Введение: The problem / issue / phenomenon of… is / has always been…, People always say / have always thought / agreed /said / believed…, It is a controversial / burning / hot question…, There is no agreement… |
2. Основная часть: представьте аргументы «за» (In its favour) и затем аргументы «против» (However, critics are quick to point out). Как показано в образце, вы можете представить аргументы «за» и «против» в отдельных абзацах. Старайтесь, представлять их симметрично (например, социальные, образовательные и психологические аспекты проблемы). Помните, что эссе такого типа требует сбалансированной аргументации. |
2. Основная часть: Типичные союзы и союзные обороты: on the one hand… on the other hand; Firstly, To begin with, Secondly, Finally; In addition, Besides, Moreover, What is more, Furthermore; However, Despite this, In spite of this; In fact, As a matter of fact; As a result, Consequently Другие выражения: One major advantage is…, As advocates of…claim / argue, As critics point out / claim…, There are a number of disadvantages / weaknesses / drawbacks / downsides |
3. Заключение: четко подведите итог сказанному (All in all) и снова напишите предложение, отражающее противоречивость темы, но в то же время выражающее надежду на нахождение компромисса (One can hope … minimizing the danger and talking full advantage of benefits). |
3. Заключение: All in all, To sum up, In conclusion, In summary, In general; it seems important to add/point out/remind that…, the issue / debate is far from… |
Much knowledge is a dangerous thing
One of the important characteristic of every man is knowledge. It creates him as a person, gives an opportunity for the further development, maintains the social status in society. But will be this knowledge always good, under the category of good and determined with good intentions?
Every day, our brain get a lot of information and through various stages of decoding, is located in our memory. That is why the person has some understanding of yourself and people around the world . He is able to recognize, to understand, and to know. Because of all this knowledge is the companion of his life, then, to which he can rely on in difficult situations. But will be enough a resource for solutions to these problems? After all, we are taught from childhood to be educated and intelligent The basis of these concepts is brought up in kindergarten, at school, in our family. But with the scientific knowledge, the person also learns love and hate, friendship, good and bad, in another words- a legal and moral symbols of conduct according to he must dispose of «rest» knowledge. Other words, he must be a man in the way of learning!
But on the other hand knowledge may be act as «dangerous» man assistant.
An example of “dangerous» knowledge can be ancient times, when people learned the structure of the earth, the influence of other planets on it, the space as a whole. And such outstanding scientists as Copernicus, Galileo, Bruno, were burned because of the «might» of their knowledge. Was it then evil? Now the danger is not at all that we know a lot, but the fact that much do not know. Ignorance simply undermines all the rights to development.
The definition of this problem is actual only in the situation , when their knowledge, abilities in nanotechnology man destroys himself simply as a species, their nature habitat. Maybe our ancestors feared correctly? Is knowledge the evil? Maybe should we listen? All of our guesses and assumptions about a better life on earth make it clear Russian proverb which says, perhaps the very essence of knowledge, there is no happiness without intellect!
And our life is so that knowledge plays a role only in the performance of the main aim . As Dostoevsky said : «To be a man among people , and be a person forever, in all situation , in any misfortune not to lose heart and not to be cast down «, well, knowledge must be a necessary attribute of this aspiration and a worthy guide on the path to ideal.
Предварительный просмотр:
Classroom 322
7 Bulgakov Street
School № 5
Ust’ – Ilimsk, Russia
May 10, 2012
Dear Kseniya,
Hello! How are you? I decided to write you the letter.
Sometimes I think about your problems, the teenager’s problem. To my mind your age in spite of all difficulties is the most interesting and unforgettable. Do you agree with me? It would be interesting for me to know your opinion.
And I’d like to know about your attitude towards the Love. As for me, I think the real Love happens very seldom in people’s life, unfortunately. And what do you think about it?
Please write me soon.
Best wishes
Your Teacher,
___________________________
Classroom 322
7 Bulgakov Street
School № 5
Ust’ – Ilimsk, Russia
May 10, 2012
Dear Irina,
Hello! How are you? I decided to write you the letter.
Sometimes I think about your problems, the teenager’s problem. To my mind your age in spite of all difficulties is the most interesting and unforgettable. Do you agree with me? It would be interesting for me to know your opinion.
And I’d like to know about your attitude towards the Friendship. As for me, I think the real Friendship happens very seldom in people’s life, unfortunately. And what do you think about it?
I hope to hear from you soon.
Best wishes
Your Teacher,
___________________________
Classroom 322
7 Bulgakov Street
School № 5
Ust’ – Ilimsk, Russia
May 10, 2012
Dear Anzhelika,
Hello! How are you? I decided to write you the letter.
Very soon you will take an exam on English. How do you prepare to it? May be you need some help from your teacher? How can I help you?
And I’d like to know about your attitude towards the Hollywood. Why do you choose this topic for your report?
I am looking forward to receive your letter.
Best wishes
Your Teacher,
___________________________
Предварительный просмотр:
ЗАДАНИЕ НА УСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ СООТВЕТСТВИЯ ПРОВЕРЯЕТ УМЕНИЕ ПОНЯТЬ
ОСНОВНУЮ МЫСЛЬ И ДАЕТСЯ НА ЧТЕНИЕ С ПОНИМАНИЕМ ОСНОВНОГО СОДЕРЖАНИЯ.
Read the magazine article and mach the headings (a-d) below with the paragraphs (1-4).
1. Sit on the chair and put one leg out in front of you. Point your toes and ‘write’ each letter of the alphabet in the air with your big toe. Then repeat the exercise with the other foot. This is great for people who like skiing, snowboarding or ice skating.
2. Put a tape measure on a wall outside your house and see how high you can reach with one hand. Then jump off one foot and see how high you can get. Then jump off both feet. Try to jump higher each day. This is useful basketball practice, by the way!
3. You don’t need a partner for this .Dancing is an aerobic exercise – this means it brings a lot of new oxygen to your muscles. This is really important because it makes your heart strong and keeps you healthy. Dance 2or 3 times a week – at home or a discotheque!
4. Do you think helping at home is useless and boring? You’re wrong. Housework can make your muscles and bones strong. Cleaning floors or windows are also great exercise for your elbows and knees. And 30 minutes of digging the garden can burn 200 calories.
a. Dance to the music!
b. Jump for Joy!
c. Tide Your Room.
d. Easy as ABC!
ЗАДАНИЕ ОТВЕТИТЬ НА ВОПРОСЫ ПРОВЕРЯЕТ УМЕНИЕ ИЗВЛЕКАТЬ КОНКРЕТНУЮ ИНФОРМАЦИЮ.
Answer these questions.
1 What exercise is good for snowboarding?
2 What sport is jumping good for?
3 Why is dancing good for your body?
4 In what ways can housework keep you fit?
КАК ВЫПОЛНИТЬ ЭТО ЗАДАНИЕ?
1.Быстро просмотреть текст, чтобы понять о чем он.
2. Прочитать список заголовков.
3.Прочитать каждый абзац текста, подчеркнуть слова связанные с заголовками.
4. Проверить каждый заголовок еще раз на соответствие с текстом.
ЗАДАНИЕ НА ЗАПОЛНЕНИЕ ТАБЛИЦЫ ПРОВЕРЯЕТ УМЕНИЕ ИЗВЛЕКАТЬ КОНКРЕТНУЮ
ИНФОРМАЦИЮ (ДАТА, ЦИФРА, ИМЯ, НАЗВАНИЕ) И ДАЕТСЯ НА ЧТЕНИЕ С ПОЛНЫМ ПОНИМАНИЕМ ПРОЧИТАННОГО.
YOUTH.
A Hippies
In the 1960s and 1970s a hippy was a person who opposed the normal standards of society. Hippies wore unusual clothes. Girls, for example, often wore Indian -style silk dresses and both men and women usually had long hair. They lived in groups together, often in quiet places in the countryside. Hippies believed in peace, and one of their favorite saying was ‘Make love, not war’. A lot of hippies in the USA and Europe went on marches to protest against the Vietnam War. When the hippy movement started in the US, especially in California, young people showed their peaceful feelings by wearing flowers in their hair. For this reason, they were also called flower people or children. Hippies listened to rock music. They enjoyed the songs of Bob Dylan and it was at this time that the Beatles wrote songs like ‘Give Peace a Chance’ and ‘All you Need is Love’.
B Punks
In the mid 1970s, times were hard. Unemployment was growing higher, especially amongst the young the young, and many teenagers felt that society was to blame. A youth culture started up which expressed these negative feelings – punk. Punk rock tried to shock people, while the hippies were talking about love and peace, punks were full of hate. They thought normal pop music was boring and listened to bands like the Sex Pistols. Punks chose clothes that their parents hated. They wore ripped, Doc Marten boots and leather jackets, and often had brightly coloured spiked hair.
C Ravers
Most British pubs shut at 10.30 or 11.00 pm and outside of the cities there are few clubs and places that stay open late. It can be irritating when you have nowhere to go at night. In the late 1980s large parties called raves started up .They usually took place in empty buildings and you could dance all night to the fast beat of acid or techno music. .Ravers wore casual clothes, comfortable to dance in: loose T-shirt and jeans. Raves became linked with drugs and the police often tried to stop them. However, the parties continued, as the organizers would keep the location of the party secret until just before it started.
Youth group |
When |
Clothes |
Music |
Hippies |
|||
Punks |
|||
Ravers |
Как выполнить?
1.Прочитать каждый абзац и выбрать ключевые слова.
2. Ответы занесите в таблицу.
ЗАДАНИЕ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ ОТВЕТОВ ПРОВЕРЯЕТ УМЕНИЕ ВЫДЕЛИТЬ КОНКРЕТНУЮ ИНФОРМАЦИЮ И ДАЕТСЯ НА ЧТЕНИЕ С ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЕМ НЕОБХОДИМОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИИ, С ПОЛНЫМ ПОНИМАНИЕМ ПРОЧИТАННОГО..
Read the text. Are these statements true (T) or false (F)?
What pets do Russians have?
Most people in Russia love animals. A lot of them have got one or more, even in big cities. .One survey shows that 45% of Russians have cats at home. People like cats – in Moscow there is the famous Cat Theatre and it is always full.
Dogs are popular too – 36% of Russians have dogs and there is dogs show all over the country. The shows have prizes for different types of dogs. There is also a dog show programme on TV.
Wild bird was once very common pets in Russia. Many people had wild birds from the forest in their homes. They feed the birds in March and April every year to celebrate spring. Now only 12% have birds as pets – there are mostly budgies.
Goldfish are less popular now, too — only 4% of Russians have them as pets. And 10% of animal lovers have other pets. Some of these are small, friendly animals such as rabbits. Others are dangerous or rare pets like the spider you can see here.
- The most popular pets are cats.
- 45% of people in cities have got cats.
- Dogs can win prizes at dog shows.
- People have many different kinds of wild birds as pets today.
- People freed their birds in spring.
- Goldfish are not very popular pets.
- A lot of people have rare pets.
. Как выполнить задание?
1.Внимательно прочитать задание, для того чтобы знать, какую информацию искать в тексте.
2. Быстро просмотреть текст, чтобы понять, о чем он.
3.Подчеркнуть ключевые слова в задании
4.Выполнить задание, находя ответы в тексте.
ЗАДАНИЕ ОТВЕТОВ НА ВОПРОСЫ ПРОВЕРЯЕТ УМЕНИЕ ЧИТАТЬ С ПОЛНЫМ ПОНИМАНИЕМ ПРОЧИТАННОГО.
LONDON MARKTS.
Read the brochure. Which markets do you think have these things?
1 stamps 2 expensive clothes 3 fruit and vegetables 4 music CDs 5 old books
Portobello Road is one of the world’s largest market for antiques and collectors’ items .It’s got: old books, boxes, bottles, cameras, carpets, clocks, drawings, furniture, handbags, lamps, paintings, photos, postcards, radios, stamps, telescopes, tins, toys and watches.
Camden Markets (there are 5 of them) are open 7 days a week. They are great markets for young people: you can find a fantastic variety of music CDs and amazing clothes for going to nightclubs!
Covent Garden is London’s old fruit and vegetable market. Now it has fashionable shops with designer clothes and jewellery. There is an indoor market with crafts, clothes and food. Covent Garden is fun because it often has street musicians and mime artists.
Borough Market in south-east London is open of the capital’s oldest and largest food markets. It is open on Fridays and Saturdays and you can buy food from all over the word: fruit and vegetables, cheese, meat, seafood. You can often see famous London chefs shopping there.
Which markets would these people go to?
A Jamie Morris is 23. He works for a famous London restaurant and is looking for some new ideas to expand the menu.
B Karen Katz, 18, loves going out and wants to find ideas for new clothes.
C Susan Jeffry, 38, is looking for a nice dress for her sister’s wedding.
D Sam Schinham, 29, is an American tourist and he wants to buy nice clothes and have fun.
E Colin Filey, 39, collects old bottles and boxes.
Which of the markets would you like to go to?
Это задание так же проверяет умение извлекать информацию в виде оценочных суждений описания, аргументаций, умение делать выводы из прочитанного.
Как выполнить задание?
1 Бегло просмотреть текст, чтобы понять, о чем он, обращая внимание на заголовок.
2 Внимательно прочитай задания, для того чтобы знать какую информацию необходимо искать в тексте.
3 Подчеркнуть ключевые слова в тексте.
4 Найти ответы в текстах.
ЗАДАНИЕ НА ЗАПОЛНЕНИЕ ПРОПУСКОВ ЧАСТЕЙ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЙ В ТЕКСТЕ ПРОВЕРЯЕТ ПОНИМАНИЕ СТРУКТУРНО-СМЫСЛОВЫХ СВЯЗЕЙ ТЕКСТА.
Fill in the gaps in the sentences
WINDOW SHOPPING
The day would be spent with my best friends Kath and Kate. We are actually three Catherines (by birth spelt with a C), ——— we are all K’s: Kat (that’s me), Kath and Kate – the 3K Window Shopping gang!
Window shopping is simply wonderful. You can look at any outfit. You can try on——— not a single item on sale for which the price is a problem. You will try something on, ponder, pout, twirl, think hard, check yourself in the mirror one last time and finally reflect——— right for you! The highlight of this regular adventure however, is generally the 3Kchocolate and ice cream break in the Shopping Centre’s top floor café.
Of course we do not believe that we are wasting anyone’s time. WE do ——- as well, but a reliable equation for us is – 3Ks + shopping mall = a good time.
But ——— out to be especially memorable. One of the stores had a questionnaire lottery with the first prize being a voucher worth J200. We filled in the question forms while in the café and returned to the store by their 2.00pm deadline. Kate won the first prize but we had decided in advance that if any of us won something, we would share equally: All for K and one for all! At this point our morning of window shopping paid off. We completed ——— slightly less than 10 minutes: three skirts, three hats and three belts and three very OK, K’s.
- Not like to spend our time
- That it’s probably not quite
- That particular day turned
- Our real shopping in
- Something go shopping for real
- Anything you want and there is
- But when we are together
Целью этого задания является проверить понимание структурных связей между отдельными фрагментами предложения.
Как выполнять?
1.Бегло просмотреть текст, попытаться определить содержание.
2.Второй раз читать текст последовательно обращая особое внимание на последнее слово или выражение перед каждым пропуском. Если это слово или выражение требует определенного согласования или управления, надо искать соответствующее начало в выделенном фрагменте.
3. Если одна и та же гр.структура используется в начале нескольких выделенных фрагментов, учитывать смысловое содержание предложения с пропуском, а также предыдущих и последующих предложений.
4..Один предложенный фрагмент лишний. Обратить особое внимание на пропуски, где изначально были выбраны несколько возможных соответствий. Обосновать для себя выбор того или иного соответствия.
ЗАДАНИЕ НА ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ЗАГЛАВИЯ ТЕКСТА ПРОВЕРЯЕТ ЧТЕНИЕ С ПОНИМАНИЕМ ОСНОВНОГО СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ПРОЧИТАННОГО.
Read an extract. Which of these titles do you think is the best? Why?
A night at the Theatre
My First Date
Young Love
Love hit me when I was 12. I was still in shorts but little hairs were starting to grow on my upper lip. A young girl, Lucy, lived in the flat above ours. She was pretty with lovely, brown hair and perfect teeth. One day, after I had saved my pocket money for some time, I invited Lucy to go to a variety show with me. I only had 70 cents but I had worked it all out: 2 tickets for the theatre, 50 cents, and four tram tickets, twenty cents.
It was January and it had snowed earlier that day so we took the tram. Lucy looked charming and I looked handsome as we got off in Times Square. Unfortunately, a candy vendor was standing outside the theatre. I hadn’t thought about that. Lucy saw her favorite coconut candy and asked for it. Like a fool, I bought it for 10 cents. We were miles away from the stage and the noise of Lucy eating her candy was louder than the actors’ voices. During the performance, Lucy ate every single bit of candy. On the way out, I was a bit upset about the candy. But then I realized I only had enough money for one ticket back home. Today I feel terrible about this, but remember, I was only 12, it was cold and Lucy had eaten all the candy.
I turned to her and said,” Lucy, when we left home I had 70 cents, enough for the tickets and the tram fare. I hadn’t planned on candy. I didn’t want candy. You wanted candy and you had all the candy. I have every right to go home by tram and leave you to walk. But, you know I’m mad about you. So I’m going to give you a fair chance…
Целью этого задания является проверить понимание основного содержания текста, умение отделять главное от второстепенного, игнорировать избыточную информацию, игнорировать незнакомые слова.
Как выполнить задание,
- Прочитать заголовки.
- Подчеркнуть в них ключевые слова.
- Прочитать текст
ЗАДАНИЕ НА ЗАПОЛНЕНИЕ ТАБЛИЦЫ ПРОВЕРЯЕТ УМЕНИЕ ИЗВЛЕКАТЬ КОНКРЕТНУЮ ИНФОРМАЦИЮ (ДАТА, ЦИФРА, ИМЯ, НАЗВАНИЕ) И ДАЕТСЯ НА ЧТЕНИЕ С ПОЛНЫМ ПОНИМАНИЕМ ПРОЧИТАННОГО.
VLADIMIR VYSOTSKY: FROM FANTASY TO PROTEST.
Vladimir Vysotsky, the legendary Russian actor, poet and singer-songwriter, was born in 1938 in Moscow. For 20years, he was a leading actor in the avantgarde Taganka Theatre, where his performance as Hamlet was widely praised. Vysotsky played in 30 films and composed songs for The Vertical Line, Dangerous Tours, and The Wind of Hope.
Vysotsky wrote his first song, TATTOO, when he was very young. In the 60s and 70s, you could hear Vysotsky’s hoarse voice coming from tape recorders in many Russian homes. His songs appealed to all kinds of different people and they ranged from fantasy songs to adventure and war songs. But common to all his works was his humanity and his ability to describe human experiences and express people’s feelings. Among his many songs, some, such as Unknown Soldiers’ Graves, About Rumours and Wolf Hunt are still popular today. His biting satire made him unpopular with the authorities, and most of his records and CDs were only legally released after his death in 1980.
Vysotsky became a legend in his lifetime, and today his grave is a place of pilgrimage for many Russians.
Born(date) |
Lived in(city) |
Worked as |
Became popular |
Songs,albums |
|
Vysotsky |
Как выполнить задание?
1.Прочитать текст.
2.Найти место, где запрашиваемая информация дается в тексте.
3. Убедиться в правильности выбора и занести в таблицу.
Предварительный просмотр:
Раздел ПИСЬМО
Задание «Личное письмо»
Содержание:
- Ссылка на предыдущие контакты в начале письма
- Объем высказывания должен превышать 50% выполнения поставленной задачи
- Правильная форма обращения, соответствующая неофициальному стилю
- Завершающая фраза, соответствующая неофициальному стилю
- Подпись (только имя пишущего)
Организация текста:
- Логичность
- Деление на абзацы
- Обращение на отдельной строке
- Завершающая фраза на отдельной строке
- Подпись на отдельной строке
- Адрес автора в правом верхнем углу (можно краткий)
- Дата под адресом
Задание «Письменное высказывание с элементами рассуждения»
(Следует иметь в виду, что существуют задания двух типов: сочинение с аргументацией «за» и «против» и сочинение-выражение собственного мнения, которые различны по предлагаемым планам, что ведет к различиям в их содержании, в особенности, в их основной части. Таким образом, содержание абзацев изменяется в зависимости от типа сочинения.)
Содержание:
Последовательное раскрытие всех пунктов плана сочинения
- Вступление – постановка проблемы
- II абзац — выражение собственного мнения с аргументацией или аргументы «за»
- III абзац — формулировка противоположных аргументов и мнений против них или аргументы «против»
- Заключение – вывод или собственное мнение
Организация текста:
Правильное деление текста на абзацы
Связность текста
Логичность построения текста
Адекватное применение логических средств связи в тексте
Предварительный просмотр:
НАИБОЛЕЕ УПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СУФФИКСЫ ГЛАГОЛОВ |
||
СУФФИКС |
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ |
ПРИМЕР |
(сущ. +) -ize |
делать(ся) таким, как на то указывает основа |
summarizeсуммировать |
(прил. +) -en |
hardenделать(ся) твердым |
|
(сущ. +) -ify, -fy |
превращать в, делать то, на что указывает основа |
gasifyпревращать(ся) в газ; electrifyэлектризовать |
(сущ. +) -ate |
подвергать воздействию, превращать в то, на что указывает основа |
vaccinateделать прививку; granulateгранулировать |
-er |
whisperшептать |
|
-ish |
establishустанавливать |
НАИБОЛЕЕ УПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СУФФИКСЫ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ |
||
СУФФИКС |
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ |
ПРИМЕР |
(гл. +) -er, -or |
обозначение деятеля |
worker рабочий |
(гл. +) -ing |
действие в процессе |
boilingкипячение |
(прил. +) -ness |
свойство, качество |
whitenessбелизна |
(прил. +) -ty, -ity |
состояние, условие, качество |
activityдеятельность |
(гл. +) -age |
акт или факт действия |
breakageполомка |
(сущ. +) -age |
содержание чего-либо (единиц измерения) |
percentageпроцентное содержание |
(гл. +) -ment |
отвлеченные понятия (абстрактныесуществительные) |
treatmentлечение |
(гл. +) -ance, -ence |
resistanceсопротивление |
|
(гл. +) -ancy, -ency |
expectancyнадежда |
|
(прил. +/сущ. +) -dom |
freedomсвобода |
|
(гл. +) -ion, -tion, -sion,-ssion |
revisionповторение |
|
-ure |
pressureдавление |
|
-hood |
childhoodдетство |
|
-ship |
friendshipдружба |
|
-th |
length длина |
|
-an, -ian |
1)национальность; 2) профессия |
Americanамериканец, librarianбиблиотекарь |
-ism |
какое-либо течение (например, политическое) |
communismкоммунизм |
-ist |
1) принадлежность к какому-либо течению; 2) профессия |
communistкоммунист; artist художник |
НАИБОЛЕЕ УПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СУФФИКСЫ НАРЕЧИЙ И ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ |
|||||
СУФФИКСЫ НАРЕЧИЙ |
СУФФИКСЫ ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ |
||||
СУФФИКС |
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ |
ПРИМЕР |
СУФФИКС |
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ |
ПРИМЕР |
(прил. +) -ly |
таким образом, способом |
entirelyвсецело |
-teen |
количественноечислительноеот 13 до 19 |
fifteenпятнадцать |
-ward(s) |
направление движения |
backwardsназад |
-ty |
десятки |
seventyсемьдесят |
-wise |
в таком направлении, таким способом |
clockwiseпо часовой стрелке |
-th |
порядковоечислительное |
fourth четвертый |
НАИБОЛЕЕ УПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬНЫЕСУФФИКСЫ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ |
||
СУФФИКС |
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ |
ПРИМЕР |
(сущ. +) -al |
наличие признака, свойств и качеств, выраженных основой |
centralцентральный |
(сущ. +) -ic |
patrioticпатриотический |
|
(сущ. +) -ical |
geologicalгеологический |
|
(сущ. +) -ous |
famousизвестный |
|
(сущ. +) -ful |
useful полезный |
|
(гл. +) -able, -ible |
expressibleвыразительный |
|
(гл. +) -ant, -ent |
dependentзависимый |
|
(гл. +) -ive |
active активный |
|
(сущ. +) -ly |
friendlyдружелюбный |
|
(сущ. +) -y |
grainyзернистый |
|
(гл. +) -ite |
favouriteлюбимый |
|
-ary |
pecuniaryденежный |
|
-ate |
fortunateудачный |
|
-ed |
cold-bloodedхладнокровный |
|
-less |
отсутствие качества, признака |
uselessбесполезный |
-ish |
1) наличие признака в слабой степени; 2) принадлежность к национальности |
reddishкрасноватый; Polish польский |
-ese |
принадлежность к национальности |
Japaneseяпонский |
-ian, -an |
Egyptianегипетский |
|
-like |
сходство |
birdlikeптицеподобный |
-ern |
принадлежность к одной из сторон света |
northernсеверный |
НАИБОЛЕЕ УПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРЕФИКСЫ И ИХ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ |
||||
ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРЕФИКСЫ |
ДРУГИЕ ПРЕФИКСЫ |
|||
ПРЕФИКС |
ПРИМЕР |
ПРЕФИКС |
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ |
ПРИМЕР |
un- |
unable неспособный |
re- (+ гл.) |
вновь сделать то, на что указывает основа |
remake переделывать |
in- |
inactive бездеятельный |
|||
im- |
impossible невозможный |
en-, em- (+ гл.) |
придавать качество |
embody воплощать |
il- |
illegal незаконный |
|||
ir- |
irregular неправильный |
over- (+ гл.) |
избыточная степень качества или выполнения действия |
overproduce перепроизводить |
mis- |
misunderstand неправильно понять |
|||
dis- |
disapproval неодобрение |
under- (+ гл.) |
недостаточная степень качества или выполнения действия |
underestimate недооценивать |
1. Префикс со значением “снова”, “заново”, “вновь”, “пере”:
re- |
to construct (строить) — to reconstruct (перестроить), to read (читать) — to reread (перечитать),to write (писать) — to rewrite (переписать) |
2. Префиксы, которые придают слову противоположное значение или обозначают противоположное действие:
un- dis- de- anti- counter- contra- |
to dress (одеваться) — to undress (раздеваться), to tie (связывать) — to untie (развязывать) to appear (появляться) — to disappear (исчезать) formation (формирование) — deformation (деформация) fascist (фашист) — anti-fascist (антифашист) attack (атака) — counterattack (контратака) to contradict (противоречить, возражать) |
3. Префиксы, имеющие отрицательное значение:
a- ab— un- im— in- ir— il- dis- mis- non- |
amoral (аморальный, безнравственный) absent (отсутствующий), abnormal (ненормальный) kind (добрый) — unkind (недобрый) possible (возможный) — impossible (невозможный) ability (способность) — inability (неспособность) regular (регулярный) — irregular (нерегулярный) legal (легальный) — illegal (нелегальный) honest (честный) — dishonest (нечестный), to understand (понимать) — to misunderstand (неправильно понять) interference (вмешательство) — non-interference (невмешательство) |
! NOTE ! Приставка, которая начинается на “i” изменяется в зависимости от того, какая за ней стоит буква:il + l, ir + r, im + b, m, p. |
4. Префиксы, имеющие значение “сверх”, “пере”, “чрезмерно”:
over-super- ultra- extra- |
to pay (платить) — to overpay (переплатить) human (человеческий) — superhuman (сверхчеловеческий) short (короткий) — ultra-short (ультракороткий) extraordinary (необычный) |
5. Префиксы со значением “между”, “взаимно”:
со- inter— |
existence (существование) — co-existence (сосуществование) national (национальный) — international (интернациональный) |
6. Префиксы, которые переводятся как
а) “перед”:
рге— fore- |
war (война) — pre-war (довоенный), historic (исторический) — prehistoric (доисторический) to foresee (предвидеть) |
б) “после”:
post— |
war (война,) — post-war (послевоенный), revolutionary (революционный) — post-revolutionary (послереволюционный) |
в) “недостаточно”, “недо-“:
under— |
to pay (платить) — to underpay (оплачивать низко, т.е. недостаточно оплачивать, недоплачивать), production (производство) — underproduction (недопроизводство) |
г) “под”:
sub- |
division (разделение) — subdivision (подразделение), committee (комиссия, комитет) — subcommittee(подкомиссия) |
д) “экс”, “бывший”:
ex— |
champion (чемпион) — ex-champion (бывший чемпион) |
е) само-, авто-
auto- |
autobiography (автобиография), automatic (автоматический) |
ж) полу-
semi- |
semifinal (полуфинал), semicircle (полукруг) |
з) через-, транс-
trans- |
transatlantic (трансатлантический) |
и) вверх, кверху, наверху
up- |
upstairs (вверх по лестнице), upside (верхняя часть), to uproot (вырывать с корнем) |
к) двойной, два, дважды
bi- |
bilingual (двуязычный), bi-monthly (выходящий два раза в месяц) |
л) имеющий дело с книгами
bibli(o)- |
bibliography (библиография) |
м) относящийся к жизни
bio- |
biography (биография) |
н) второстепенное значение
Словообразование – это один из наиболее продуктивных способов расширения и обогащения словарного состава. Выделяют два способа словообразования:
1. Словопроизводство – образование новых слов преимущественно путем прибавления к корню приставок и суффиксов.
Например: |
to move – movement |
двигаться – движение |
2. Словосложение – соединение двух и более корневых слов в одно составное.
Например: |
work + man = workman |
работа + человек = рабочий |
Словообразование может происходить путем конверсии*. При этом от существующего слова без изменения его формы образуется новое слово, принадлежащее к другой части речи. В английском языке от существительных могут образовываться глаголы и наоборот; глаголы могут также быть образованы от прилагательных; иногда существительные и прилагательные, а также существительные и глаголы совпадают по форме:
*Необходимо дать внятное определение термину «конверсия»
Например: |
dream – to dream |
мечта – мечтать |
Например: |
near – to near |
близкий – приближаться |
Например: |
evil – evil |
зло, вред – дурной, зловещий |
Для того чтобы показать, к какой части речи относится слово, используются артикли и частицы:
Например: |
a mistake – to mistake |
ошибка – ошибаться |
Словопроизводство может происходить следующими способами:
1. При помощи чередования звуков. При этом написание слова может либо измениться, либо нет:
Например: |
advice – to advise Здесь происходит чередование последнего звука s – z. |
совет – советовать |
2. При помощи ударения. Это, в основном, касается существительных и глаголов, которые совпадают по форме. У существительных ударение падает на первый слог, у глаголов – на второй:
Например: |
‘present – to pre’sent |
подарок – дарить |
Например: |
‘increase – to in’crease |
увеличение – увеличивать |
3. При помощи аффиксов (префиксов и суффиксов). Префиксы стоят в начале слова, суффиксы – в конце. Префикс ставится в начале слова и изменяет значение корневого слова:
Например: |
to tell – to retell |
сказать – пересказать |
К наиболее употребительным префиксам английского языка относятся:a-, be- co-, counter-, de-, dis-, ex-, in-, im-, out-, over-, post-, pre-, sub-, super-, trans-, ultra-, under— и другие:
Например: |
to appear – to disappear |
появляться – исчезать |
Например: |
possible – impossible |
возможный – невозможный |
Например: |
Atlantic – transatlantic |
атлантический – трансатлантический |
Суффикс ставится после корня и изменяет принадлежность слова к той или иной части речи.
Производные существительные образуются путем прибавления суффикса к глаголам, прилагательным и другим существительным. Наиболее употребительными здесь являются следующие суффиксы:-er, -or, -ant, -ent, -ion, -ment, -ture, -age, -ence, -ance, -ing, -ism, -ity, -ness, -ency, -ship, -ist, -ian и другие:
Например: |
to sail – sailor |
плавать – моряк |
Например: |
sad – sadness |
грустный – грусть |
Например: |
partner – partnership |
партнер – партнерство |
Производные прилагательные образуются путем прибавления суффикса к глаголам, существительным и другим прилагательным. Наиболее употребительными здесь являются следующие суффиксы:-ive, – able, -uble, -ent, -ant, -ish, -y, -al, -ical, -ous, -ful, -less, -proof и другие:
Например: |
to observe – observant |
наблюдать – наблюдательный |
Например: |
child – childish |
ребенок – детский |
Например: |
cloud – cloudy |
облако – облачный |
Иногда слова с некоторыми суффиксами переводятся на русский язык словосочетаниями:
Например: |
event – eventless |
событие – несобытийный |
Производные наречия образуются путем прибавления суффикса к прилагательным, реже к существительным, порядковым числительным и причастиям:
Например: |
second – secondly |
второй – во-вторых |
Например: |
home – homeward |
дом – по направлению к дому |
Словосложением образуются следующие части речи:
1. Сложные существительные.
Они обычно образуются путем сложения двух существительных, прилагательного и существительного или глагола и существительного. Некоторые составные существительные состоят двух существительных с предлогом между ними.
Например: |
air + field = airfield |
воздух + поле = аэродром |
Например: |
heavy + weight = heavyweight |
тяжелый + вес = тяжеловес |
Например: |
to view + point = viewpoint |
рассматривать + мнение = точка зрения |
Например: |
sister-in-law |
золовка |
2. Сложные прилагательные.
Они образуются путем соединения существительного или наречия с прилагательным или причастием.
Например: |
well + educated = well-educated |
хорошо + образованный* = образованный |
*Здесь нужно заменить перевод «educated» на синоним, чтобы была разница в переводе частей слова и конечном варианте
Например: |
water + proof = waterproof |
вода + непроницаемый = водонепроницаемый |
3. Сложные глаголы.
Они образуются путем соединения существительного или прилагательного с глаголом.
Например: |
hand + to cuff = to handcuff |
рука + ударять рукой = надевать наручники |
Например: |
full + to fill = to fulfil |
полный + наполнять выполнять |
4. Сложные местоимения, предлоги, наречия и союзы.
Например: |
any + thing = anything |
что-либо |
Например: |
in + to = into |
в, внутрь |
Например: |
with + out = without |
без, вне, снаружи |
5. Сложные слова, включающие ever, а также here, there, where с послелогами.
Например: |
what + ever = whatever |
что бы ни |
Например: |
how + ever = however |
как бы ни, однако |
Например: |
there + fore = therefore |
поэтому |
Предварительный просмотр:
SIMPLE |
PROGRESSIVE |
PERFECT |
PERFECT PROGRESSIVE |
||
|
Длительное действие, которое происходит, происходило, или будет происходить в точно указанный момент в прошлом, настоящем либо будущем. Все времена этой группы выражают незаконченное действие, и , переводятся глаголом несовершенного вида (делал, но не сделал). |
Действие, которое свершилось к определенному моменту в настоящем или прошедшем, либо свершится к определенному моменту в будущем. Present: на грани прошедшего и будущего. |
Действие, начавшееся в прошлом и продолжающееся до настоящего, прошедшего либо будущего момента речи, включая его. Редко используются в реальной жизни. |
||
PAST |
+ |
S + Ved/2 |
S + was/were + Ving |
S + had + Ved/3 |
S + had been + Ving |
? |
did + S + V1? |
was/were + S + Ving? |
had + S + Ved/3? |
||
— |
S + did not + V1? |
S + wasn’t/weren’t + Ving. |
S + hadn’t + Ved/3? |
||
yesterday, last year/month/week |
at, when, while, at 2 o’clock |
by-к, before |
|||
Событие в прошлом: Речь идет о событии в прошлом: What did he do last night? |
Действие, происходившее в определенный момент в прошлом: Действие, происходившее в тот момент когда произошло другое действие: He was writing a letter, when I entered the room. Параллельные действия в прошлом: While I was writing a letter, he was looking through the paper. |
Основное значение — действие, завершившееся до определенного момента в прошлом: I had written a letter by 7 o’clock. I had written a letter to my sister before he came |
Длительное действие, которое началось до указанного момента в прошлом (when) и продолжалось до этого момента (только с динамичными глаголами, а со статичными подобные действия выражаются в Past Perfect): I had been writing a letter for 2 hours when he came I had been writing a letter since 2 o’clock when he came. |
||
PRESENT |
+ |
S + V/Vs |
to be + Ving |
S + have/has + Ved/3 |
I/we/you/they + have been + Ving |
? |
do + S + V? |
are + we/you/they + Ving? |
[Вопрос] + Have + S + Ved/3 Who has ever been to the USA? |
||
— |
S + don’t/doesn’t + V |
||||
every day, usually, never, at first, then, after, in the morning, evening, often |
now, at the moment |
twice, several times, lately, recently; yet (все-еще) – на конце предложения; already (уже), never, just – разрывают сказуемое; ever (когда-либо) – в вопросах, разрывает сказуемое; |
since 2 o’clock, for 3 hours |
||
Общеизвестные факты, неопровержимая истина; Water freezes at zero |
Процесс в данный момент: I am working now |
Сообщения о жизненном опыте: I have eaten frogs twice in my life. — Я ел лягушек дважды в жизни; Сообщение новости или результата: Сообщение о том, что началось в прошлом и продолжается до сих пор: со статичными глаголами — с динамичными глаголами — |
Подчеркивается как долго продолжается действие в данный момент времени: I have been reading since 2 o’clock. — Я читаю газету с 2 часов. |
||
FUTURE |
+ |
S+will+V |
S + will be + Ving |
S + will have + Ved/3 |
S + will have been + Ving |
? |
will +S+V? |
will + S + be + Ving? |
Will + S + have + Ved/3? |
||
— |
S +will not(won’t)+V? |
S + will not + Ving. |
S + will not(won’t) + have + Ved/3 |
||
tomorrow, next week, next month, often , every day, soon |
at, when, while, tomorrow |
by, before, tomorrow |
|||
Действие, относящееся к будущему, которое сопровождается придаточными предложениями времени или условия (либо время или условие подразумеваются): Tomorrow I’ll write a letter to my sister (if I have time) — Я завтра напишу письмо моей сестре(если будет время); Повторяющееся действие в будущем: I’ll often write to my sister (when she goes abroad). — Я буду часто писать моей сестре (когда она уедет за границу); Предсказания, прогнозы: Don’t drive so fast or you’ll crash. |
Действие, которое будет происходить в определенный момент в будущем: I will be writing a letter at 7 o’clock. Действие, которое будет протекать в тот момент, когда произойдет другое действие: He will be writing a latter when I come. — Он будет писать письмо , когда я приду; Параллельные действия в будущем: I will be writing a letter while he will be looking through the newspaper. — Я буду писать письмо , пока он будет просматривать газету. |
Основное значение — действие, которое будет завершено до определенного момента в будущем: I’ll have written the letter by 7 o’clock. I’ll have written the letter before hi comes. |
She will have been writing the letter for 2 hours when he comes. |
Предварительный просмотр:
Предварительный просмотр:
Фразовые Глаголы
to look
Look after – присматривать, заботиться
Look at – смотреть на
Look in – навещать, заходить
Look up – искать
Look out! – Осторожно!
Look for – искать
to put
Put off/ put aside – откладывать
Put on – надевать
Put away – убирать, прятать
Put down – записывать
Put out – тушить (огонь)
Put up with – мириться
to get
Get up – вставать
Get together – собираться, встречаться
Get over – оправиться (после болезни)
Get off – сойти, слезть
Get along with/ get on – жить (поживать)
to find
Find fault with – придираться
Find oneself – найти свой талант
Find out – выяснить, обнаружить
to run
Run into – встретиться (случайно)
Run over – переехать, задавить
Run out of – истощить свой запас
to give
Give away – отдавать, дарить
Give out – раздавать
Give in – уступать
Give up – отказаться
to go
Go in for – увлекаться
go off – гаснуть
go on – продолжать
go without – обходиться без ч-л
to turn
turn on – включить
turn off – выключить
turn down – убавлять
turn to…for – обращаться к к-л за ч-л
turn into – превращаться
turn inside out – выворачивать наизнанку
turn up — появляться
Предварительный просмотр:
Эссе «за» и «против»
Introduction (State the problem) – Введение (обоснование проблемы)
Arguments “for” – Аргументы «за»
Arguments “against” – Аргументы «против»
Conclusion — заключение
Примеры:
- Many parents encourage their children to study well by giving extra pocket money for each good mark. Is it correct to do so? There are different opinions on this problem. Let’s discuss some of them.
Some people think that this is the only way to encourage their children because to study is boring and difficult. Children have different subjects at school. Some of them such as maths and chemistry are very difficult. Some of them like geography and biology are boring. Children work at school all the morning and when they come home they must prepare their homework. So they work almost all day. Perhaps, many parents think that if they are given money for their work, why not to give money to the children for their work? They think the money will make their children to study better because they would like to have money for sweets and different games. Otherwise the children save the money for games not eating breakfast at school.
Unfortunately, this is not true. Firstly, children get used to study only if they are given money. So, their marks become worse and worse if parents can’t give them money every day. Secondly, if there are many children in the family, it’s impossible to give them all money for every good mark when they start going to school. Thirdly, children must study well not for the sake of money but because it’s interesting and because the good knowledge will help them to make a career and to find an interesting work they like.
As for me, I wouldn’t give extra pocket money for each good mark to my children. My parents sometimes gave me money for good marks and it didn’t make me work better. But, I think, it’s right to give children extra pocket money on holidays or when they ask for it. Otherwise they will find different ways to find the money they need themselves.
2) One of the most important problems nowadays is the problem of studying. Is it right to encorage children to study well by giving pocket money for the good marks?
From the one hand it is a great idea. Parent teach their children to earn their own money. Children try to work hard – and as a result they receive money: big money for good work! It helps to organize “little businessmen” better, to do everything in time. That’s why they become healthier, stronger and receive knowledge at school.
But this issue has also some negative features. Little children need not only to work, but to relax sometimes, play different games, meet with friends etc. Thanks to hard atmosphere (atmosphere of everyday studying) they can damage their health. Besides doing homework all the time children can earn money, but loose all the frends because of lack of communication.
Everyone has his own freedom of choice. That’s why every parent should think about everything beforehand. He or she should take care about her/his child and think about children’s future life, think about details which can help children to go into adult life.
3) Children differ. Some children study better, some children study worse. And many parents encourage their children to study well by giving extra pocket money for each good mark. Is it really a problem?
I think giving pocket money is not so bad. Some children have to become study better because they don’t want to disappoint their parents. Besides they try more when they do homework and answer questions of teachers. Moreover, children begin to understand that their parents don’t wish them any harm, mother and father just try to help in getting of education.
But not all children are the same. Firstly, some children may show to parents good marks, writing by their friend’s hands and get pocket money very easily. After that they spend it on computer games, magazines, may be alcohol, sigarettes, drugs and other useful and dangerous things. Secondly, parents must understand that by buying of good marks they don’t make children learn more. Furthermore, it can be expensive for parents if their children begin to study much better.
It can be noted that that giving pocket money for each good mark is not very big problem, but also it is not a good way to make a child to study better. Parents have to control their children’s learning. Buying of good marks it is not the best choise.
5. Èñïîëüçîâàíèå ÿçûêà
Ôðàçîâûå ãëàãîëû/ïðåäëîãè
1. Çàïîëíèòå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ôðàçîâûìè ãëàãîëàìè â ïðàâèëüíîé ôîðìå.
Âíèç
Âêëþ÷àòü
Çàêðûòü
Ðåçàòü
íàçàä
ëîìàòü
æèòü
1. Äæèëë åõàëà íà ñòàðîì ãðóçîâèêå è íàäåÿëàñü, ÷òî îí íå ñëîìàåòñÿ.
2. Òèì äîëæåí ñîêðàòèòü êîëè÷åñòâî íåçäîðîâîé ïèùè, êîòîðóþ îí åñò.
3. Äæåéê ïîêðàñèë ñâîé äîì â ðîçîâûé, è òåïåðü äðóçüÿ íèêîãäà íå ïîçâîëÿò åìó ñìèðèòüñÿ ñ ýòèì.
4. Ïîñëå íåñêîëüêèõ íåäåëü ïåðåãîâîðîâ î ôèíàíñèðîâàíèè ñâîèõ ýêñïåðèìåíòîâ ïðîôåññîð íàêîíåö îòêàçàëñÿ è ïðèíÿë ìàëîáþäæåòíîå ïðåäëîæåíèå.
5. Áðàéàíó ïðåäëîæèëè ðàáîòó ïðîôåññîðà áèîëîãèè, íî îí îòêàçàëñÿ.
6. Âñå â ýòîì ìàãàçèíå ñòîèò ïîëöåíû èç-çà åãî çàêðûòèÿ.
Ðåøåíèå #
1. break down (ñëîìàåòñÿ)
2. cut down (ñîêðàòèòü)
3. live; down (ñìèðèòüñÿ)
4. backed down (îòêàçàëñÿ)
5. turned; down (îòêàçàëñÿ)
6. closing down (çàêðûòèÿ)
2. Âûáåðèòå ïðàâèëüíûå ïðåäëîãè.
1. Àäàìó ïðèõîäÿò â ãîëîâó íåñêîëüêî áëåñòÿùèõ èäåé.
2. Ìýðè ïðîâîäÿò èññëåäîâàíèÿ íîâîãî ëåêàðñòâà îò ðàêà.
3. Ìàðòèí êóïèë òîâàð ïî õîðîøåé öåíå.
4. Îí ñîâåòóåò ëþäÿì ðåàëèçîâûâàòü ñâîè ìå÷òû.
5. Ãðåã õî÷åò ïîéòè ïî ñòîïàì îòöà è ñòàòü èññëåäîâàòåëåì.
6. Ó÷åíûå ïðîâîäÿò ìíîæåñòâî èñïûòàíèé íîâûõ ïðîäóêòîâ, ïðåæäå ÷åì îíè áóäóò ïðîäàíû.
7. Äæåéí ëó÷øå âñåãî ðàáîòàåò, êîãäà îíà íàõîäèòñÿ ïîä äàâëåíèåì.
Ðåøåíèå #
1. with
2. on
3. at
4. to
5. in
6. out
7. under
Ñëîâîñî÷åòàíèÿ
3. Çàêîí÷èòå ñî ñëîâàìè: safety (áåçîïàñíîñòü), walking (ïåøèé), relevant (ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèé), cave (ïåùåðíûé), developing (ðàçâèâàþùèéñÿ), medical (ìåäèöèíñêèé), stuffed (ìÿãêèé), steady (óñòîé÷èâûé), leap of (ïðûæîê).
1. ïåùåðíûé äàéâåð
2. â ìåäèöèíñêèõ öåëÿõ
3. ïðàâèëà òåõíèêè áåçîïàñíîñòè
4. òâåðäàÿ ðóêà
5. ïðûæîê âåðû
6. ÷ó÷åëî
7. ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèé îïûò
8. Â ïåøåé äîñòóïíîñòè
9. ðàçâèâàþùèéñÿ ìèð
Ðåøåíèå #
1. cave (ïåùåðíûé)
2. medical (ìåäèöèíñêèõ)
3. safety (áåçîïàñíîñòè)
4. steady (òâåðäàÿ)
5. leap of (ïðûæîê)
6. stuffed (÷ó÷åëî)
7. relevant (ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèé)
8. walking (ïåøåé)
9. developing (ðàçâèâàþùèéñÿ)
Ñëîâîîáðàçîâàíèå
4. Çàêîí÷èòå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ñëîâàìè, îáðàçîâàííûìè îò ñëîâ çàãëàâíûìè áóêâàìè.
1. Ñîçäàíèå ÷åëîâå÷åñêîãî ìîçãà ñòàíåò îäíèì èç âåëè÷àéøèõ íàó÷íûõ îòêðûòèé â èñòîðèè.
2. Ñàìîé áîëüøîé ïðîáëåìîé Ýäèñîíà áûëà ðàçðàáîòêà ðàáî÷åé ëàìïî÷êè.
3. Ñîí ìîæåò ïîâûñèòü êîíöåíòðàöèþ âíèìàíèÿ.
4. Äæèëë î÷åíü äîâåðÿåò òåõíîëîãèÿì.
5. Êîãäà-íèáóäü íàíîðîáîòîâ ìîæíî áóäåò èñïîëüçîâàòü äëÿ ëå÷åíèÿ ñåðüåçíûõ çàáîëåâàíèé.
6. Ïðîôåññîð Ñìèò âûñòóïèë ñ äîêëàäîì îá èñêóññòâåííîì èíòåëëåêòå.
Ðåøåíèå #
1. scientific (íàó÷íûõ)
2. development (ðàçðàáîòêà)
3. concentration (êîíöåíòðàöèþ)
4. confidence (äîâåðÿåò)
5. treatment (ëå÷åíèÿ)
6. presentation (äîêëàäîì)
×àñòî ïóòàþùèåñÿ ñëîâà
5. Âûáåðèòå ïðàâèëüíîå ñëîâî.
1. Íàíî-ïàóê ìîæíî îòíåñòè ê ðàçðÿäó ðîáîòîâ.
2. Èç ÷åãî ñîñòîèò åãî òåëî?
3. Îí ïîëó÷èë ìíîæåñòâî íàãðàä çà ñâîè ôèëüìû.
4.  ýòîì ðàéîíå ñèëüíîå òå÷åíèå.
Ðåøåíèå #
1. classified (îòíåñòè)
2. composed (ñîñòîèò)
3. won (ïîëó÷èë)
4. strong (ñèëüíîå)
Ïðî÷èòàéòå Ìîäóëü 5 è îòâåòüòå íà âîïðîñû. À òåïåðü ñäåëàéòå ñâîé ñîáñòâåííûé òåñò. Îòäàéòå åãî ñâîåìó ïàðòíåðó. Ïðîâåðüòå åãî / åå îòâåòû.
1. Êòî îòêðûë Ðîçåòòñêèé êàìåíü?
2. Êàêîãî ðàçìåðà áûë íàíî-ïàóê íüþ-éîðêñêèõ èññëåäîâàòåëåé?
3. Êàê ðàáîòàåò õîëîäèëüíèê Ýìèëè Êàììèíñ?
4. Êåì ìå÷òàëà áûòü Äæèëë Õàéíåðò, êîãäà ðîñëà?
5. Âî ñêîëüêî ñòðàí Äåððåê Êàéîíãî îòïðàâëÿåò ñâîå ìûëî?
6. ×òî îçíà÷àåò GMT?
7. Ñêîëüêî ñòîèò êàðòîãðàôè÷åñêîå óñòðîéñòâî Äæèëëà Õàéíåðòñà?
8. Ñêîëüêî ñòðàíèö çàìåòîê Òîìàñà Ýäèñîíà îáíàðóæèëè èñòîðèêè?
Ðåøåíèå #
1. French soldiers (ôðàíöóçñêèå ñîëäàòû)
2. four nanometres in width (100,000 times smaller than the diameter of a human hair) (÷åòûðå íàíîìåòðà â øèðèíó) (øèðèíîé â 100000 ðàç ìåíüøå äèàìåòðà ÷åëîâå÷åñêîãî âîëîñà)
3. through a principle similar to sweating/evaporation (water between 2 cylinders evaporates in the sun, removing heat from the inner cylinder) (ïî ïðèíöèïó, àíàëîãè÷íîìó ïîòîîòäåëåíèþ / èñïàðåíèþ (âîäà ìåæäó äâóìÿ öèëèíäðàìè èñïàðÿåòñÿ íà ñîëíöå, îòâîäÿ òåïëî îò âíóòðåííåãî öèëèíäðà)
4. an astronaut (àñòðîíàâò)
5. 9
6. Greenwich Mean Time (Ñðåäíåå âðåìÿ ïî Ãðèíâè÷ó)
7. almost 470 million pounds (Ïî÷òè 470 ìèëëèîíîâ ôóíòîâ ñòåðëèíãîâ)
8. 4 million pages (4 ìèëëèîíà ñòðàíèö)
1. When did Alexander Fleming discover penicillin? (1928) (Êîãäà Àëåêñàíäð Ôëåìèíã îòêðûë ïåíèöèëëèí? — â 1928)
2. What did Nikola Tesla pioneer? (the use of alternating current to send power over huge distances) (×òî ïåðâûì ñäåëàë Íèêîëà Òåñëà? — èñïîëüçîâàë ïåðåìåííûé òîê äëÿ ïåðåäà÷è ýíåðãèè íà îãðîìíûå ðàññòîÿíèÿ)
3. When did Vostock 1 orbit the Earth? (1961) (Êîãäà «Âîñòîê-1» âûøåë íà îðáèòó âîêðóã Çåìëè? — â 1961)
4. What is Angela Zhang working towards? (finding a cure for cancer) (Ê ÷åìó ñòðåìèòñÿ Àíäæåëà ×æàí? — íàéòè ëåêàðñòâî îò ðàêà)
5. What does Cameron Johnson do for a living? (Hes an entrepreneur.) (×åì Êýìåðîí Äæîíñîí çàðàáàòûâàåò íà æèçíü? — Îí ïðåäïðèíèìàòåëü.)
6. Where is the Royal Observatory? (Greenwich, London) (Ãäå íàõîäèòñÿ Ãðèíâè÷ñêàÿ îáñåðâàòîðèÿ? — Ãðèíâè÷, Ëîíäîí)
7. When did Jill Heinerth first go to the Antarctic? (2000) (Êîãäà Äæèëë Õàéíåðò âïåðâûå ïîáûâàëà â Àíòàðêòèêå? — â 2000)
8. When was Thomas Edison born? (1847) (Êîãäà ðîäèëñÿ Òîìàñ Ýäèñîí? — â 1847)
Ïðèâåäåì âûäåðæêó èç çàäàíèÿ èç ó÷åáíèêà Áàðàíîâà, Äóëè, Êîïûëîâà 9 êëàññ, Ïðîñâåùåíèå:
5 Language in Use
Phrasal verbs/Prepositions
1 Complete the sentences with the phrasal verbs in the diagram in the correct form.
Down
Turn
Close
Cut
back
break
live
1 Jill was driving an old truck so she hoped it wouldnt break down.
2 Tim should cut down on the amount of junk food he eats.
3 Jake painted his house pink and now his friends will never let him live it down
4 After weeks of negotiating the funding for his experiments, the professor finally backed down and accepted a lower offer.
5 Brian was offered a job as a Biology professor, but he turned it down.
6 Everything in that shop is half price because its closing down.
2 Choose the correct prepositions.
1 Adam comes up with some bright ideas.
2 Mary is doing research on a new cancer drug.
3 Martin purchased the goods at a good price.
4 He advises people to pursue their dreams.
5 Greg wants to follow in the footsteps of his father and become an explorer.
6 Scientists are carrying out many tests on the new products before they can be sold.
7 Jane works best when she is under pressure.
Collocations
3 Complete with: safety, walking, relevant, cave, developing, medical, stuffed, steady, leap of.
1 cave diver
2 medical applications
3 safety regulations
4 steady hand
5 leap of faith
6 stuffed animal
7 relevant experience
8 walking distance
9 developing world
Word formation
4 Complete the sentences with a word formed from the word in capitals.
1 Building a human brain will be one of the greatest scientific breakthroughs in history.
2 Edisons greatest challenge was the development of a practical light bulb.
3 Taking a nap can improve concentration.
4 Jill has a lot of confidence in technology.
5 One day, nanorobots may be used for the treatment of serious diseases.
6 Professor Smith gave a presentation on artificial intelligence.
Words often confused
5 Choose the correct word.
1 The nanospider can be classified as a robot.
2 What is its body composed of?
3 He has won a lot of awards for his films.
4 There are strong currents in the area.
Quiz
Read through Module 5 and answer the questions. Now write a quiz of your own. Give it to your partner. Check his/her answers.
1 Who discovered the Rosetta Stone?
2 How big was the New York researchers nano-spider?
3 How does Emily Cummins fridge work?
4 What did Jill Heinerth dream of being when she grew up?
5 How many countries does Derreck Kayongo send his soap to?
6 What does GMT mean?
7 How much did Jill Heinerths mapping device cost?
8 How many pages of Thomas Edisons notes have historians discovered?
*Öèòèðèðîâàíèå ÷àñòè çàäàíèÿ ñî ññûëêîé íà ó÷åáíèê ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî â ó÷åáíûõ öåëÿõ äëÿ ëó÷øåãî ïîíèìàíèÿ ðàçáîðà ðåøåíèÿ çàäàíèÿ.
Установите соответствие тем 1 — 7 текстам A — F. Занесите свои ответы в соответствующее поле справа. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.
Harry Potter course for university students
- 1. up for the optional module, part of
- 2. to emerge four or five years ago to see
- 3. to examine prejudice, citizenship and bullying in
- 4. such as the response of the writer
- 5. including the world of rituals, prejudice and intolerance in
- 6. to growing demand from the student
- 7. such as the moral universe of the school
Students of Durham University are being given the chance to sign up to what is thought to be the UK’s first course focusing on the world of Harry Potter. Although every English-speaking person in the world knows about Harry Potter books and films, few have thought of using them as a guide to … modern life. The Durham University module uses the works of JK Rowling A ___ modern society.
«Harry Potter and the Age of Illusion» will be available for study next year. So far about 80 undergraduates have signed В ___ a BA degree in Education Studies. Future educationalists will analyse JK Rowling’s fanfiction from various points of view. A university spokesman said: «This module places the Harry Potter novels in a wider social and cultural context.» He added that a number of themes would be explored, C ___ the classroom, bullying, friendship and solidarity and the ideals of and good citizenship.
The module was created by the head of the Department of Education at Durham University. He said the idea for the new module had appeared in response D ___ body: «It seeks to place the series in its wider social and cultural context and will explore some fundamental issues E ___ . You just need to read the academic writing which started F ___ that Harry Potter is worthy of serious study.»
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15—А21, обводя цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа.
I arrived at the cloud forest in Ecuador ten days ago. I was one of a group of twelve volunteers that wanted to save the rainforest. My reasons for going on this trip were twofold: firstly, I wanted to collect and bring back alive some of the fascinating animals, birds and reptiles that inhabit this region; secondly, I had long cherished a dream to see South America: not the inhabited South America with its macadam roads, its cocktail bars, its express trains roaring through a landscape denuded of its flora and fauna by the beneficial influences of civilization. I wanted to see one of those few remaining parts of the continent that had escaped this fate and remained more or less as it was when America was first discovered: I wanted to see its rainforests, its vast lands of untouched, pure, natural wildlife. We were working together with local people and scientists and we were learning and seeing new things every day. Our lodge was comfortable, had breathtaking views and was in the middle of the rainforest. It was a two-hour walk from the nearest road, and it was even further to the nearest village.
The rainforest is truly an astonishing place. There are thousands of species of plants here and more than 700 species of birds. There are millions of insects and scientists think there may be around forty mammal species that haven’t even been discovered. But what I was really amazed at how everything depends on everything else for survival.
Every tree in the rainforest is covered in a species of another kind. The black wasp uses the tarantula as a nest for its eggs, plants need monkeys for seed dispersal, and the clouds are necessary for the survival of the whole rainforest. This is because they provide moisture. The problem is, climate change is causing the clouds to rise by 1—2 meters every year. What will happen to the plants that need this moisture? What will happen to the animals that need those plants?
Our job was to watch this changing ecosystem. One of my favourite projects was the bird survey. Every day a group of us set out at around five o’clock with a local scientist. At this time of the morning the air was filled with the sound of bird song. We had to identify the birds we hear and see and write down our findings. Later, we entered all our information into a computer at the lodge.
We also set up cameras to record pumas, spectacled bears and other large mammals. It was always exciting to see pumas because it meant there were other animals around that they would normally hunt. We fixed the cameras to trees around the reserve, and every day a team of volunteers collected the cameras memory cards.
There was a lot to do in the rainforest, but at least I felt like we were making a difference.
However, soon I started collecting some animals and insects. I realized that as soon as the hunting got under way and the collection increased, most of my time would be taken up in looking after the animals, and I should not be able to wander far from camp. So I was eager to get into the forest while I had the chance.
Nevertheless, I should mention the fact that without the help of the natives you would stand little chance of catching the animals you want, for they know the forest, having been born in it. Once the animal is caught, however, it is your job to keep it alive and well. If you left this part of it to the natives you would get precious little back alive.
Джалолова Светлана Анатольевна, учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Победитель конкурсного отбора на соискание Гранта Москвы в сфере образования 2010г. Старший эксперт ГИА ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Победитель Всероссийской Олимпиады учителей английского языка «Профи-край» 2015 год. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2014 г., Грамота победителя конкурса лучших учителей РФ 2007г., Диплом победителя конкурса на соискание Гранта Москвы 2010 г.. Стаж работы — 23 года.
Недашковская Наталья Михайловна, Учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Победитель ПНПО 2007 г. Победитель конкурсного отбора на соискание Гранта Москвы в сфере образования 2010г. Эксперт ГИА ОГЭ по английскому языку. Проводила педагогическую экспертизу учебных изданий при РАО 2015-2016. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2013 г., Грамота победителя конкурса лучших учителей РФ 2007г., Диплом победителя конкурса на соискание Гранта Москвы 2010 г. Стаж работы — 35 лет.
Подвигина Марина Михайловна, Учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Победитель ПНПО 2008 г. Победитель конкурсного отбора на соискание Гранта Москвы в сфере образования 2010г. Старший эксперт ГИА ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Проводила педагогическую экспертизу учебных изданий при РАО 2015-2016. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2015 г., Грамота победителя конкурса лучших учителей РФ 2008г., Диплом победителя конкурса на соискание Гранта Москвы 2010 г. Стаж работы — 23 года.
Трофимова Елена Анатольевна, Учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Старший эксперт ГИА ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2013 г. Стаж работы — 15 лет.
Читайте также:
ЕГЭ по английскому языку: раздел «Аудирование»
ЕГЭ по английскому языку: раздел «Чтение»
ЕГЭ по английскому языку: «Письмо»
ЕГЭ по английскому языку: устная часть
Раздел 3 «Грамматика и лексика» включает в себя 3 задания.
Задания 19-25 (максимальный балл — 7 баллов) проверяют навыки образования грамматических форм, задания 26-31 (максимальный балл — 6 баллов) тестируют навыки словообразования, задания 32-38 (максимальный балл — 7 баллов) проверяют знание лексики английского языка, сочетаемость лексических единиц и их значение в контексте.
Рекомендуемое время выполнения данного раздела — 40 минут.
Максимальный результат — 20 баллов.
Задание 1
Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–25, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 19–25.
Методическая подсказка
Это задание проверяет знание грамматики английского языка. Обратим внимание на те части речи, которые необходимо трансформировать. Важно, что при изменении формы слова часть речи не изменяется! Справа от текста могут быть даны любые из шести частей речи. Это имя существительное, наречие, количественное числительное, личное местоимение и глагол. При выполнении этого задания необходимо учитывать, какие грамматические формы имеют данные части речи. Имя существительное единственного числа принимает форму множественного числа (здесь необходимо, помимо общего правила образования множественного числа существительных, вспомнить все исключения и особенности правописания форм множественного числа существительных). Количественное числительное становится порядковым числительным (обратите внимание на сложные случаи образования и написания некоторых числительных). Имя прилагательное и наречие имеют сравнительную или превосходную степени (здесь также есть некоторые случаи, которые надо помнить). Личное местоимение может превратиться в притяжательное (краткая или полная формы), объектное или возвратное. Что касается глагола, помните, что он может стоять в личной и неличной форме (например, в виде Present Participle или Past Participle). Если глагол должен быть употреблен в личной форме, то надо определить, в каком залоге должен стоять глагол (действительном или страдательном) и в каком грамматическом времени. Для правильного определения грамматического времени, надо, во-первых, определить в каком бытийном (жизненном) времени представлено предложение или ситуация. Для этого мы, смотря на глаголы вокруг пропуска и другие указатели времени, определяем, относится ли повествование к настоящему, прошедшему или будущему. Определив время, мы должны определить временную форму. Для этого мы ищем в предложении слова-подсказки или индикаторы грамматических времен (например, every day, usually — индикаторы Present Simple, since, for, yet — индикаторы Present Perfect. Также часто помогает линия времени, которая наглядно показывает, какая существует последовательность между действиями и событиями.
Кроме того, глагол может являться частью условного предложения (есть четыре, начиная с нулевого, типа условных предложений, в каждом из которых глаголы стоят в определенных формах) или предложения, начинающегося с I wish или If only.
Не забудьте также обратить внимание на те слова, которые стоят непосредственно перед пропуском — не забывайте, что есть ряд глаголов, прилагательных, фраз и конструкций, после которых необходимо употребление инфинитива с частичкой или без частички to или герундия (например, fancy going, want to go, make symbol do smith, There’s’ no point in doing smith…).
Приступаем к выполнению задания теста.
19. Around 1350, art, learning, and science started to flourish in some parts of Europe. To many people, this was the beginning of a new golden age. This period was not the _________ golden age in Europe. |
ONE |
20. Greece ________ one 1,900 years before. About 500 years later, Roman civilization had been at its height. |
HAVE |
21. Because this new golden age was something like _________ Greek and Roman periods, it is called the Renaissance. The word ‘renaissance’ means ‘rebirth.’ Many Greek and Roman values were reborn in the Renaissance. |
EARLY |
Windsor Castle |
|
22. Windsor is a small town not far from London which is about a thousand years old. It became the setting for The Merry ___________ of Windsor, |
WIFE |
23. Shakespeare’s only comedy that takes place in England, when Queen Elizabeth I commanded ______ to write a play for her court. |
HE |
24. What the town is famous for today is Windsor Castle, the Royal residence. From a plane Windsor Castle with its big round tower looks like a child’s dream of a sand castle. Sadly, in 1992 fire ___________ a large part of the castle buildings. |
DESTROY |
25. Since then the Castle ________________. It required a lot of money. To pay for it, it was decided to open Buckingham Palace to the public at selected times of the year and to charge visitors a fee. |
REPAIR |
Рассуждение
Читаем представленные тексты (это может быть и один текст), чтобы иметь общее представление, о чем идет речь. Дальше заполняем пропуски.
Номер 19. Написано количественное числительное one, следовательно, единственной возможной формой является порядковое числительное first. Номер 20. Представлен глагол. Проводим блиц-анализ: пассив или актив? — актив. Это личная форма, так как у подлежащего Greece нет сказуемого, значит нужна полная форма глагола. Это не условное предложение, так как отсутствуют соответствующие слова if, unless и другие. Определяем бытийное время — прошедшее (Past), так как есть слова 1900 years before, had been. Теперь определяем грамматическое время (tense) — смотрим на время в предыдущем предложении — was not, в предложении с пропуском есть фраза 1900 years before-рисуем линию времени, выставляем точку was not в прошлом, определяем, где — слева или справа будет находиться точка 1900 years before. Она находится справа. Действия идут одно за другим в прошлом, значит глагол будет стоять во времени Past Perfect, показывая, что действие уже произошло и завершилось до глагола was not. Следующее предложение подтверждает правильность нашего выбора — had been at its height тоже до глагола was not. Следовательно, глагол have ставим в форму (Past Perfect — had had).
Номер 21. Здесь стоит прилагательное early (это именно прилагательное, так как оно является определением к словам Greek and Roman periods), и данное прилагательное надо поставить в сравнительную степень, поскольку период сравнивается только с греческим и римским периодами, а не со всеми периодами истории.
Номер 22. Написано существительное wife в единственном числе. Единственная возможная трансформация — форма множественного числа wives (существительное, заканчивающееся на —f, —fe во множественном числе меняет f на ves).
Номер 23. Дано личное местоимение he. Данное местоимение не является в тексте подлежащим, а является дополнением, соответственно, необходимо использовать объектное местоимение him.
Номер 24. Дан глагол. Используем знакомый алгоритм выполнения задания): актив или пассив? — Актив, ведь подлежащее огонь (fire) может разрушить здание. Это не условное наклонение. У подлежащего нет сказуемого, значит — это глагол в личной форме. Бытийное время прошедшее, здесь указан год — 1992. И этот год также говорит о том, что это Past Simple (действие, совершаемое в определенный момент времени в прошлом). Правильная форма destroyed.
Номер 25. Дан глагол repair. Актив или пассив? — Пассив, замок никого починить не может, отремонтировать можно его. Не условное наклонение, личная форма, потому что оно является сказуемым. В предыдущем и последующем предложениях глаголы стоят в прошедшем времени, однако в самом предложении с пропуском есть since then, что является указателем перфектных времен. Чтобы решить, что использовать —Present Perfect или Past Perfect — мы рисуем линию времени. Ставим точку в прошлом destroyed. Глагол repair в правильной форме будет стоять справа или слева от глагола destroyed? — Справа. Значит мы ставим глагол в Present Perfect — has been repaired.
Таким образом ответы на задания с 19 по 25 выглядят так: 19 — first, 20 — had had, 21 — earlier, 22 — wives, 23 — him, 24 — destroyed, 25 — has been repaired.
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Задание 2. Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26–31, однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26–31.
Методическая подсказка
В этой части проверяются навыки словообразования. Задание в спецификации формулируется «задания на заполнение пропуска в связном тексте путем образования родственного слова от предложенного опорного слова» при помощи суффиксов и приставок. Залогом успеха при выполнении этого задания являются два фактора-правильное определение части речи, которую необходимо вставить вместо пропуска, и знание словообразующих суффиксов и приставок. Читаем текст, обращая внимание на слова перед пропусками и следующие за ним. Определяем пропущенную часть речи, а также, имеет ли пропущенное слова отрицательную или утвердительную коннотацию.
Australia
26. In 1770, James Cook landed on the east coast of Australia and claimed the land for Great Britain. For many years after that, only a few people came to Australia ___________. It was too far from Europe to attract many outsiders. |
WILLING |
27. The first settlers were ______________. They were not asked if they wanted to come. |
PRISON |
28. Moving to Australia was part of their ___________________. In time they were joined by more willing settlers who wanted to find adventure and a better life. |
PUNISH |
29. Like the settlement of the United States, much of Australia’s history deals with the push west. There was, however, one big ______________. In their drive westward, the Australians found no rich river valleys or fertile plains. Instead, they found only dry empty land they called the outback. |
DIFFER |
30. The outback was _________________ any place the early settlers had ever seen. For months there would be no rain at all. Then suddenly the skies would open up. Within hours, rivers overflowed their banks. Yet only a few days later the land would be as dry as ever. |
LIKE |
31. Few settlers were willing to risk their life in such a harsh land. Then gold was ___________ there in 1852. Thousands flocked to the outback of Australia to make their fortunes. |
COVERED |
Рассуждение
Номер 26. Only a few people came to Australia как? — наречие, которое определяет глагол came. В последующем предложении идет объяснение, почему это именно так происходило.
Номер 27. The first settlers were ……….. В данной ситуации за глаголом were может стоять или прилагательное, уточняющее, какими они были, или существительное, сообщающее, кем были эти поселенцы (если этот выбор верный, то существительное будет стоять во множественном числе исходя из слова settlers во множественном числе и слова were. Последующее предложение не исключает ни одного из этих вариантов, поэтому оставляем пока обе эти опции.
Номер 28. Moving to Australia was part of their……. Мы видим отсутствующую часть фразы с предлогом of, в которой до и после предлога должны стоять существительные, и перед пропуском стоит краткое притяжательное местоимение their, которое определяет существительное. Следовательно, пропущенная часть речи это существительное.
Номер 29. There was, however, one big…… После конструкции There was должно стоять существительное, что подтверждается наличием перед пропуском числительного и имени прилагательного, определяющих ту же часть речи. Следовательно, пропущенное слово существительное единственного числа (индикатор числа слово one).
Номер 30. The outback was ………….any place the early settlers had ever seen. После was может стоять или причастие или прилагательное или существительное. Так как существительное уже есть (place), следовательно, пропущенная часть речи -прилагательное.
Номер 31. Then gold was………there in 1852. Аналогичная ситуация номеру 30. Исходя из смысла всего предложения, предполагаем, что скорее всего это будет past participle, определяющее, что произошло с золотом в 1852 году.
Отметив на полях КИМа, рядом с каждым пропуском определенные нами части речи, мы открываем сами слова справа.
Номер 26 — наречие, значит нужно подставить суффикс -ly, получаем слово willingly. Перечитываем абзац со вставленным словом — смысл сохранен.
Номер 27 — слово prison предполагает, что нам нужно существительное, уточняющее, кем были первые поселенцы. Последующее предложение подтверждает это. Образуем существительное prisoners во множественном числе.
Номер 28 — образуем от слова punish собирательное существительное punishment, которое завершает предложение, делая его логическим дополнением идеи, высказанной в двух предыдущих предложениях.
Номер 29 — образуем от слова differ существительное difference. Перечитываем абзац, образованное существительное идеально вписывается в него, так как в абзаце идет речь о разнице в освоении запада в Соединенных Штатах и Австралии.
Номер 30 — нам предлагают заменить слово like, которое само по себе уже является прилагательным. Следовательно, часть речи уже определена сама собой, мы должны только, сохранив эту часть речи, добавить отрицательную приставку с тем, чтобы образовать новое, подходящее по смыслу, слово — unlike.
Номер 31 — нам дано слово covered, которое уже является причастием. Следовательно, как и в предыдущем случае, нам нужна отрицательная приставка. В случае с covered их может быть две: dis— и un— . Uncovered — приоткрыл, снял покрытие…. Discovered — обнаружил, открыл что-то новое. В данном контексте подходит второе значение. Следовательно, верное слово — discovered.
Ответы: 26 — willingly, 27 — prisoners, 28 — punishment, 29 — difference, 30 — unlike, 31 — discovered.
3. Задание под номерами 32-38, за которое дается максимальное количество баллов — 7 (по 1 баллу за каждый правильный ответ), сформулировано следующим образом:
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32–38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32–38, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4,
соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Методическая подсказка
В третьем задании (32-38) части раздела предлагается связный текст с пропусками и 4 вариантами их заполнения (1-4), из которых только один является правильным. Это задание проверяет умение использовать лексику в коммуникативном контексте с учетом специфики:
- форм одного слова и слов, близких по написанию и звучанию;
- значений одного слова и его синонимов, антонимов, омонимов;
- норм лексической сочетаемости, принятых в английском языке и т.д.
Для эффективного выполнения этого задания следует:
1. Просмотреть весь текст с пропусками, постараться понять его содержание
2. Читать внимательно весь фрагмент, но особое внимание уделять предложению с пропущенным словом
3. Постараться предугадать пропущенное слово, опираясь на контекст, окружающие пропуск слова.
4. Изучить все предложенные варианты ответа, выбрать наиболее подходящий с учетом значения и норм лексической сочетаемости пропущенного слова. Особое внимание следует уделить синонимам (у них могут быть разные оттенки значения, они могут иметь различия в управлении и сочетаемости с другими словами), а также с созвучными словами или словами со сходным написанием (у них могут быть разные значения).
5. Прочитать предложение с пропуском еще раз, убедиться, что выбранное слово является наиболее правильным для заполнения пропуска. Определить, почему остальные слова не подходят.
6. Если не можете осознанно выбрать ни один из предложенных вариантов, выбирайте ответ интуитивно, не оставляйте задание без ответа.
Например, дан текст с пропусками:
Growing up with Joey
I enjoy thinking of my childhood. But when I think of my home town where I grew up, all that I 32 __________ to remember is dust. I remember the brown, crumbly dust of late summer that gets into the eyes and makes them water. It is the kind of dust that gets into the throat and between the 33 _________ of bare brown feet. I don’t know why I should remember only the dust. There must have been green lawns and paved streets under leafy shady trees somewhere in town. One day returns to me clearly for some reason. I was resting under the great oak tree in the yard. I was deep in thought which I have now forgotten except that it involved some secret. Joey and a bunch of kids were bored now with the old tire hanging from an oak limb. It had 34 _______ them busy for a while. “Hey, Lizabeth,” Joey yelled. He never talked when he could yell. “He, Lizabeth, let’s go somewhere.” I came back from the thoughts of my private world. “Where at, Joey?” The truth was that we were becoming tired 35 ____ the empty summer days. “Let’s go over to Miss Lottie’s,” said Joey. The idea caught on at once. Annoying Miss Lottie was always fun. I was still child 36 ___________ to run along with the group. We went over old fences and through bushes that tore our 37 ________ ripped clothes, back to where Miss Lottie lived. I think now that we must have looked partly funny and partly sad. There were six of us, all different ages, dressed in only one thing 38 ________. The girls wore faded dresses that were too long or too short. The boys wore patched pants. A little cloud of dust followed our thin legs and bare feet as we tramped over the dusty ground.
32. 1) seem, 2) think, 3) look, 4) believe
Ответ: 1, так как остальные варианты не подходят по смыслу.
33. 1) fingers, 2) thumbs, 3) toes, 4) pinkies
Ответ: 3, так как речь идет о ноге, пальцы на ногах — toes.
34. 1) got, 2) preserved, 3) held, 4) kept
Ответ: 4, сочетаемость слов — keep busy.
35. 1) from, 2) for, 3) of, 4) by
Ответ: 3, глагол to be tired используется в паре с предлогом of
36. 1) yet, 2) enough, 3) so far, 4) after all
Ответ: 2, вариант 1 используется в вопросах или отрицательных предложениях, вариант 4 обычно занимает место в конце предложения, вариант 3 сочетается с совершенными временами.
37. 1) before, 2) already, 3) earlier, 4) sooner
Ответ: 2, так как already употребляется с тем, что ранее произошло и имеет значение на момент речи.
38. 1) everyone, 2) anyone, 3) all, 4) each
Ответ: 4, по смыслу в предложении подходит значение «каждый» — each.
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James ▼ as a boys’ name (also used less generally as girls’ name James) is pronounced jayms. It is of Hebrew origin, and the meaning of James is «he who supplants». From Late Latin Iacomus, a variant of Iacobus, Latin form of Greek Iakobos and New Testament Greek form of the Old Testament form Jacob (Hebrew Yaakov). Biblical: one of the 12 apostles of Jesus, who possibly was also a cousin of Jesus. The King James Bible is named in reference to James I of England (16th-17th century). See also Kimo and Santiago. A famous fictional character with this name is the British spy James Bond, created by author Ian Fleming. Writer James Joyce; actors James Mason, James Caviezel, James Gandolfini, Jimmy Stewart; entertainer Jimmy Durante; American Presidents Hames Buchanan, James Garfield, James Madison, James Polk, Jimmy Carter, James Monroe.
STARTS WITH Ja-
ASSOCIATED WITH supplants (victory), greek, old, king, 16th century, 17th century, famous, fictional (literary)
Variations
VARIANTS Diego, Diogo, Giacomo, Hamish, Iago, Jacob, Jacques, Jago, Jagu, Jaime, Jaimey, Jaimie, Jamey▼, Jame, Jameson▲, Jamie▼, Jamison▲, Jascha, Jayme, Jaymes, Jaymie, Jem, Jemmy, Jim▼, Jimbo, Jimmie▼, Jimmy▼, Seamus
SEE ALSO Shamus
RELATIONS VIA JACOB, JIMMY, SANTIAGO Jaap, Jack, Jacko, Jacky, Jaco, Jake▼, Jakeb, Jakie, Jakob▼, Jakov, Jakub, Jamesie, Jamsey, Jay▼, Jeb, Jimi, Jimmee, Jimmey, Kapel, Shamus
FEMININE FORMS Jacqueline, Jaime, Jamesina, Jamie
CREATIVE FORMS
(male) Jemes, ..
(female) Janes, ..
MIDDLE NAME PAIRINGS
James Eddy (J.E.), ..
How popular is James?
James is a very prominent first name for males (#1 out of 1220, Top 1%) and also a very prominent surname for both adults and children (#80 out of 150436, Top 1%). (2000 U.S. DEMOGRAPHICS)
James reached its apex position of #1 in the U.S. during the years 1950-1959, and is at #4 presently. (2018 U.S. SSA RECORDS)
Which version is better?
Jacob (#13 A YEAR AGO), Jack (#28), Santiago (#81), Jameson (#91), Diego (#134), Jake (#262), Jay (#399), Jamison (#447), Jaime (#512), Jimmy (#653), Jakob (#701), Jamie (#722), Seamus (#1106), Jacques (#1896), Jacky, Jim, Jaimie, Hamish, Jakeb, Jimmie, Jimmey, Jimi, Jeb, Diogo, Jaymes, Jayme, Jakie, Jakub, Jame, Jamey and Shamus are the prominent alternative forms of James (#4) appearing in the Top 2000. Adoption of these relations of James was widespread among parents 8 decades ago (MEDIAN #1278) and is now much diminished (#1282, 59.2% LESS USAGE), with versions such as Jay becoming somewhat outmoded. Jameson, Santiago and Jamison are three of the more fashionable boy names in this compilation.
Similar Names
Suggested similar-sounding names are Aimes, Ames, Aymes, Dawes, Eames, Ermes, Fares, Hawes, Hayes▲, Jabes, Jabesh, Jabez, Jace▲, Jacen, Jacey, Jade, Jaden▼, Jader, Jae, Jael, Jalen▼, Jamael, Jamal▼, Jamar▼, Jamee, Jameel, Jamel▼, Jamell, Jamiel, Jamil, Jamin, Jamon, Janek, Janesh, Janos, Janus, Jaques, Jareb, Jared▼, Jarek, Jarel, Jaren▼, Jaris, Jase▼, Jasen▼, Jaxen, Jaye, Jiles, Jomei, Jones, Jules▼, Jyles, Mayes, Oakes, Oates, Ramses and Yates. These names tend to be less frequently used than James.
See names in meaning and etymology.
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A smith was an artisan, a worker in metals, e.g. blacksmith
(worker in iron), silversmith (worker in silver).