What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of city life?
This is a perfectly grammatical and colloquial sentence. The analysis given in the question
«What do you think is followed by a direct question»
is wrong: are the advantages and disadvantages of city life is not a direct question. It’s not a question at all; it’s not even a complete clause — no subject. It’s just a verb phrase. In fact, it’s the verb phrase in the question
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of city life?
which is what is being asked here. The do you think part is non-informational; how else would anybody answer except what they think?
The actual syntax is a result of the Wh-Question Formation rule, which can yank a Wh-word from almost anywhere in a sentence and stick it at the front of a question, after inverting the subject and first auxiliary of the question, like a Yes/No question.
This happens in stages, starting with the original non-question structure, with an unspecified argument that’ll become the Wh-word. Most of these intermediate structures are ungrammatical (they’re not finished) but I’ll include them without question marks to illustrate the steps in the derivation. Here’s the original structure that will result in the question:
- You think
Unspecare the advantages and disadvantages of city life
To make a Wh-question out of this, you start by replacing the Unspec with the appropriate Wh-word:
- You think what are the advantages and disadvantages of city life
Then make a Yes/No question by inverting subject (you) and first auxiliary.
But, since You think has no auxiliary, Do-Support applies, and a new shiny auxiliary comes out of the slot and takes the tense morpheme, which is Zero in all cases so there’s no change except adding do as an auxiliary:
- You do think what are the advantages and disadvantages of city life
and then inverting it with you:
- Do you think what are the advantages and disadvantages of city life
We’re almost there now; the last step in Wh-Question Formation is to move the Wh-word what to the front, from wherever it was in the original:
- What do you think ___ are the the advantages and disadvantages of city life?
The hole in the sentence where the what came from is of course not audible. But it does mark a clause boundary; it’s just that the subject of the clause has been moved up and out, giving the impression that what do you think is a constituent (it isn’t, in this sentence) and that are the advantages … is a question (as noted, it isn’t).
Language is not a matter of words on a string like beads; there are constructions and they can change, by rule.
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#1
Hi!
Let’s say two persons discuss some problem and one of them asks the other:
— What do you think is the most appropriate solution for this problem?
This seem to be kinda double question:
1. do you think
2. what is the most appropriate solution
Am I right?
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#2
‘Kinda’? I suggest you avoid this in writing.
I don’t know what you mean by a double question but here one person is asking the other’s opinion as to the best solution to the problem.
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#3
«Do you think» here means «in your opinion».
What do you think is the most appropriate solution for/to this problem? = What, in your opinion, is the most appropriate solution for/to this problem?
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#4
«What do you think» is asking a person’s opinion. It has the same meaning as «In your opinion, «.
In your opinion, what is the most appropriate solution for this problem?
(cross-posted)
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#5
This seem to be kinda double question:
You probably mean one of these 2 sentences, both of which are correct (but whose meanings are different):
This seems to be a kind of double question:
This seems to be kind of a double question:
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#6
All these variants below seemed possible to me) I commented them to explain them in more detail.
— What do you think is the most appropriate solution for this problem? (this grammar seems to be kind of a double question construction)
— What do you think the most appropriate solution for this problem is? (usual grammar construction, to form a question we use «do you think»)
— What you think is the most appropriate solution for this problem? (usual grammar construction, to form a question we use «What is»)
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#7
‘Kinda’?
I suggest you avoid this in writing.
![:)]( "Smile :)")
Because «kinda» is an informal, a slang phase?
You probably mean one of these 2 sentences, both of which are correct (but whose meanings are different):
This seems to be a kind of double question:
This seems to be kind of a double question:
Thank you. «This seems to be kind of a double question:» is what I meant.
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#8
«Kinda» is not slang. It is a sloppy AE pronunciation of «kind of», imitated in writing.
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#9
1. and 2. are fine. 3. is incorrect, you need the auxiliary verb, you can’t leave it out.
I still don’t see what you mean by double question, howecer, as your first sentence means exactly the same as the second one and yet you seem to think it’s the only ‘double question’.
‘Kinda’ looks terrible written down (unless you’re reporting dialogue).
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#10
— What do you think is the most appropriate solution for this problem?
It is really just a single question: what do you think? The rest of it is a statement. Replace «What do you think?» with «This» and you get:
This is the most appropriate solution for this problem.
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#11
your first sentence means exactly the same as the second one and yet you seem to think it’s the only ‘double question’.
I’ll try to explain what I meant.
I suppose that the «do you think» is a secondary, an auxiliary question — it can be left out without changing the meaning of the whole question:
1) What do you think is the most appropriate solution for this problem? = What is the most appropriate solution for this problem?
We removed the auxiliary question and there is still a question remaining. So the original sentence was composed of two questions.
2) What do you think the most appropriate solution for this problem is? = What the most appropriate solution for this problem is?
We removed the auxiliary question and there is no question now.
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#12
The difference is between «you think; you have an opinion» and «you know; you are 100% sure». To most English speakers, those are different situations. For example:
What is the most appropriate solution for this problem?
Ask 20 people and you may get 15 answers. There is no «single correct answer» to a question like this.
We acknowledge that by adding «In your opinion» or «What do you think». That is a reasonable question: what is your answer? If you omit that part, the question becomes unreasonable. What is the solution? How do I know? I am not perfect!
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#13
Even ignoring the «think»/»say» difference, this sentence is different, in several ways.
1. This says «would you say», not «do you think».
2. The question being asked about is «what was the cause», not «what we should do«
3. There is no implied that.
I got it, thank u! Just one more question:
- What would you say the root cause of the problem WAS?
Is the word order above correct?
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#15
Hi!
I gather from your comments that both of the following structures can be used:
What do you think (would you say) is (was) X?
What do you think (would you say) X is (was)?
Is that correct? Is there any difference in meaning between those? And how would you describe the grammar behind such sentences?
My guess is that in the first sentence it’s a regular question of What is X? type. Here what do you think (what would you say) is similar to how many, how much, what time, how well types of questions where, basically, instead of one word what, when, how we use several words.
Whereas in the second sentence it’s what do you think question with a subordinate clause which follows the word order of statements.
For example…
What would you say is the best song of all time?
What would you say the best song of all time is?
Are these equal?
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#16
What is x?
What do you think is x?
What, in your opinion, is x?
What x is?
What do you think x is?
What, in your opinion, x is?
Who are you?
Who do you think are you?
Who, in your opinion, are you?
Who you are?
Who do you think you are?
Who, in your opinion, you are?
… how would you describe the grammar behind such sentences?
Erm … «complicated».
What would you say is the best song of all time?
What would you say the best song of all time is?
Are these equal?
Yes, the two sentences are equal. But some sentences (with apologies to George Orwell) are more equal than others, and native speakers would usually say the first version.
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#17
Yes, the two sentences are equal. But some sentences (with apologies to George Orwell) are more equal than others, and native speakers would usually say the first version.
Isn’t that funny then that we can express the same thing using two opposite grammar constructions, two opposite word orders!
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#19
Isn’t that funny then that we can express the same thing using two opposite grammar constructions, two opposite word orders!
What would you say is the best song of all time?
What would you say the best song of all time is?
Only one word changes location. That is hardly «opposite word order», in my opinion. To me, «opposite word order» would be something like the natural word order in an SOV language:
All time of best song what is you consider huh?
But the English sentences might be «opposite grammar constructions», if you consider these opposite:
Heaven is the best song of all time.
The best song of all time is Heaven.
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#20
Only one word changes location. That is hardly «opposite word order», in my opinion. To me, «opposite word order» would be something like the natural word order in an SOV language:
All time of best song what is you consider huh?
But the English sentences might be «opposite grammar constructions», if you consider these opposite:
Heaven is the best song of all time.
The best song of all time is Heaven.
I meant that it’s like the difference between question and statement word orders.
What is the problem? vs The problem is…
In the first case the verb precedes the subject whereas in the second case it’s opposite: the verb goes after the subject.
A desert is hotter than a garden., Lions are more dangerous than cats., A town is saller than a city., A mountain is higher than rhe sea., A mouse is smaller than an elephant..
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Have you ever wondered if your sentences could be structured differently? Do you think the sentence would convey the same meaning even after you change the order of words, or would it give any meaning at all? This article will answer these questions by walking you through the particular word order you will have to follow when framing sentences in the English language. Go through all the points carefully and analyse the examples given to understand and comprehend how it works.
Table of Contents
- What Is Word Order?
- Definition of Word Order
- Why Follow Word Order? – Points to Remember
- Applying Word Order in Sentences – Rules and Examples
- Check Your Understanding of Word Order
- Frequently Asked Questions on Word Order in English
What Is Word Order?
The term ‘word order’, as the name suggests, refers to the sequence or order in which words are to be placed in a sentence. Take a look at the following dictionary definitions to have a broader understanding of what word order is.
Definition of Word Order
According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, word order is defined as “the order or arrangement of words in a phrase, clause, or sentence”, and the Collins Dictionary defines word order as “the arrangement of words in a phrase, clause, or sentence. In many languages, including English, word order plays an important part in determining meanings expressed in other languages by inflections”. The Macmillan Dictionary defines the same as “the sequence in which words generally occur, especially in a clause or sentence”.
Why Follow Word Order? – Points to Remember
You might ask why following the word order is such a big deal. Well, placing even one word differently can change the meaning of the sentence completely. Take a look at the following example to learn how a change in the word order will affect the meaning of the sentence on the whole.
Sentence 1: I only like non-vegetarian dishes.
Sentence 2: Only I like non-vegetarian dishes.
Sentence 3: I like only non-vegetarian dishes.
Sentence 4: I like non-vegetarian dishes only.
In all these four sentences, the word ‘only’ is used in four different positions. Do you think all of them mean the same thing? No, they don’t. The first sentence means that the person likes non-vegetarian dishes, and the second sentence means that only that person and no one else likes non-vegetarian dishes. The third and fourth sentences mean that the person likes non-vegetarian dishes and nothing else. The two different positions of the word ‘only’ are used just to shift the stress.
The general structure of a sentence or the order of words in a sentence is Subject (S) + verb (V) + object (O). Remember that a sentence should always have a subject and predicate and that the subject comes first. However, there are sentences, such as imperative sentences and interrogative sentences, that have different sentence structures.
The English language also happens to be one of the languages that have words that sound the same but mean different things, and also some words which can be used as different parts of speech with or without inflections. This should be reason enough, but even without these, it is impossible to make sense of whatever you are saying unless you place the words in the order that it has to be placed.
Now, a subject, verb and object are not the only components of a sentence. There can be complements and adjuncts as well that add to the meaning of the sentence. Complements are to be positioned either after the verb or before the object. Adjuncts, on the other hand, can be placed in the beginning, middle or end. There also can be multiple adjectives and adverbs in a sentence. There are certain rules to be followed when you are writing such sentences. Let us look at each of them in the section that follows.
Applying Word Order in Sentences – Rules and Examples
Here are rules that have to be followed when you write different sentences. Check out each one of them and the examples given to see how each rule is applied.
Rule 1 – Subject + Predicate
Every assertive sentence has a subject and a predicate.
For example:
- I / like mangoes.
- Dona and Steve / are going to the mall.
- It / is a beautiful day.
- Tomorrow / is Wednesday.
- My mother / is a teacher.
Rule 2 – Negative Sentences
The word ‘not’ is normally used to indicate a negative thought. So, when a sentence has to be made negative, the word ‘not’ usually comes after the verb. In case there is more than one verb, it comes after the main verb and in between the main verb and the helping verb. In some cases, the verb forms of ‘do’ are used to write a negative sentence. Go through the following examples to understand.
Examples of negative sentences:
- It is not right.
- The girl does not know what to do.
- I cannot find my purse.
- There has not been any update on the condition of the patient.
- Sarah did not wear a black dress though we had informed her earlier.
Rule 3 – Interrogative Sentences
If you had analysed how interrogative sentences are structured, you would have seen that the positions of the subject and the verb are interchanged. Look at the examples given below.
Examples of interrogative sentences:
- Are you happy?
- Have you found your wallet?
- What are you doing?
- Do you like the new playground?
- Would you be able to help me with this?
Rule 4 – Sentences with Complements
Complements are of two types – the subject complement and the object complement. The sentence structure of sentences with complements can be SVC (if it is a subject complement) and SVCO/SVOC (if it is an object complement). Here are some examples for your reference.
Examples of sentences with complements:
- Emma is a psychologist.
- It made everything easy.
- I had a bad day.
- The class looks dirty.
- She loves floral skirts.
Rule 5 – Sentences with Adjuncts
Adverbs, adverbial phrases, adverb clauses and prepositional phrases can act as adjuncts and can appear any number of times and be placed anywhere in a sentence. Due to this very reason, there are rules to help you decide where you have to position them. The common sentence structures are SVA, ASVA. SVAA, ASVAA, SVOA, SVCA, etc. Look at the following examples.
Examples of sentences with adjuncts.
- I reached home yesterday.
- We are leaving next week.
- After we finish our work, we will help you out.
- There is a new hypermarket at the end of the street.
- He called us as soon as he found out.
Rule 6 – Sentences with Indirect Objects
When there is just one object in a sentence, you need not have a second thought as it comes after the verb. What do you do when you have two objects? Are both the same? No, one is a direct object, and the other is an indirect object. In sentences with an indirect object, the indirect object is placed after the verb and before the direct object, the sentence pattern being SVIODO. In other cases, the indirect object becomes a part of a prepositional phrase. Here are some examples to help you understand.
Examples of sentences with indirect objects:
- The teacher gave us our marksheets.
- I send Christmas presents to all my friends.
- Joey danced with Phoebe.
- Keerthana made Raam a birthday card.
- My brother bought me a smart watch.
Rule 7 – Sentences with Multiple Adjectives
The use of multiple adjectives to describe one particular noun in a sentence is allowed, but there is an order in which these adjectives are to be placed. The order of adjectives is as follows:
- Determiner
- Adjective of quantity
- Opinion
- Size
- Age
- Shape
- Colour
- Origin
- Material
- Qualifier/Purpose
Here are some examples for your reference.
Examples of sentences with multiple adjectives:
- My mother gave me a big white teddy bear for my birthday.
- There was a huge circular compartment in the cupboard.
- I am wearing a red soft silk Banarasi saree for my best friend’s wedding.
- The fifty-six year old historical arts museum is being demolished.
- The bridesmaids wore beautiful long black lace dresses.
Rule 8 – Sentences with Multiple Adverbs
Adverbs have the special quality of being used multiple times and being placed anywhere in a sentence. However, there are a few pointers that would help you position the multiple adverbs so that you do not simply stuff your sentences with adverbs but make meaningful sentences. The position of the adverb is based on which part of speech it is modifying. If it is modifying the verb, it is placed after the verb; if it is modifying the adjective, it is placed before the adjective, and if it is modifying another adverb, it is placed just before the adverb it is modifying. Also, if it is an adverb of frequency, it is positioned after the subject. On the other hand, adverbs of time are always positioned either at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. If you have all types of adverbs in a sentence, put them in this order – manner, place, frequency and time. Take a look at the following examples.
Examples of sentences with multiple adjectives:
- We reached the railway station around 8 p.m.
- Last night, my friends and I had dinner at Hotel Taj.
- Brittany was extremely angry with the way the officials spoke to her parents.
- They always take the 9 a.m. bus to college.
- I need it now.
Check Your Understanding of Word Order
Go through the following jumbled sentences and order them adhering to the word order rules so that it makes complete meaning. Also, punctuate them appropriately.
1. dance/party/everyone/the/at
2. happily/gave/she/me/her/cake/of/piece
3. kicked/whistle/the/moment/boy/blown/little/the/ball/was/the
4. doing/here/what/you/are/
5. come/artie/with/will/us/able/be/to
6. she/running/she/kept/until/fell/circles/in
7. this/or/prefer/you/skirt/pants/do/these
8. bobby/his/loved/car/lamborghini/new
9. the/sixty/there/red/are/in/american/there/basket/apples
10. school/morning/there/accident/in/yesterday/an/front/was/our/of
Here are the answers for the exercise on word order. Go through them to find out if you have rearranged the sentences correctly according to the rules of word order.
1. Everyone danced at the party.
2. She happily gave me her piece of cake.
3. The little boy kicked the ball the moment the whistle was blown.
4. What are you doing here?
5. Will Artie be able to come with us?
6. She kept running in circles until she fell.
7. Do you prefer this skirt or these pants?
8. Bobby loved his new Lamborghini car.
9. There are sixty red American apples in the basket.
10. There was an accident in front of our school yesterday morning.
Frequently Asked Questions on Word Order in English
Q1
What is word order?
The term ‘word order’, as the name suggests, refers to the sequence or order in which words are to be placed in a sentence.
Q2
What is the definition of word order?
According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, word order is defined as “the order or arrangement of words in a phrase, clause, or sentence”, and the Collins Dictionary defines word order as “the arrangement of words in a phrase, clause, or sentence. In many languages, including English, word order plays an important part in determining meanings expressed in other languages by inflections”. The Macmillan Dictionary defines the same as “the sequence in which words generally occur, especially in a clause or sentence”.
Q3
What are the basic word order rules?
The basic rules of word order are as follows.
- A sentence has a subject and a predicate.
- The basic structure of a sentence is SVO.
- An interrogative sentence is formed with the reversal of the positions of the subject and the verb.
- When multiple adjectives are used in a sentence, position the adjectives according to the order of adjectives.
- When multiple adverbs are used in a sentence, place the adverb of time in the beginning or end, the adverb describing the verb after the verb, and the adverb describing the adjective before it.
- Complements come after the verb or the object in a sentence.
- The indirect object comes after the verb and before the direct object.
- The prepositional phrase is placed after the verb or after the object in the sentence.
Q4
What is the order of adjectives in a sentence?
The order of adjectives is as follows.
- Determiner
- Adjective of quantity
- Opinion
- Size
- Age
- Shape
- Colour
- Origin
- Material
- Qualifier/Purpose
Q5
Give some examples of word order in sentences.
Here are a few examples of sentences with word order for your reference.
- Brittany was extremely angry with the way the officials spoke to her parents.
- I am wearing a red soft silk Banarasi saree for my best friend’s wedding.
- After we finish our work, we will help you out.
- Would you be able to help me with this?
- Keerthana made Raam a birthday card.
- It made everything easy.
- Dona and Steve are going to the mall.
- Sarah did not wear a black dress though we had informed her earlier.
Порядок слов в английском предложении
На первых порах изучения английского языка мы сталкиваемся с препятствием в виде правильного построения предложения на английском языке. Каким же лёгким в этот момент нам кажется свой родной русский, в котором от перестановки слов значение предложения практически не меняется. Другое дело – английский, где выражение некоторых грамматических форм зависит от фиксированного порядка слов. Секрет кроется в том, что английский относится к классу аналитических языков, где почти полностью отсутствует изменение окончаний и других морфем, а смысл предложения выводится через определённый порядок слов. Поэтому очень важно уделить внимание этому пункту и запомнить некоторые правила синтаксиса в изучаемом языке.
По порядку становись!
В английском языке существует определённая схема, по которой строится предложение. Начать стоит с главных членов – подлежащее всегда стоит перед сказуемым. К примеру:
Kim plays. – Ким играет.
Распространяя наше предложение за счёт второстепенных членов, мы получаем следующий порядок: определение всегда будет стоять перед определяемым словом, а дополнение – после него.
Shy Kim plays the guitar. – Застенчивая Ким играет на гитаре.
Что касается обстоятельств, их можно ставить либо в начале предложения, либо в конце – это зависит от контекста. Чаще всего в роли обстоятельства выступают наречия, об их порядке в предложении мы поговорим чуть ниже.
On Sundays shy Kim plays the guitar at home. – По воскресеньям застенчивая Ким играет на гитаре дома.
Кратко схему построения английского предложения можно изобразить так:
Обстоятельство – Определение – Подлежащее – Сказуемое – Дополнение – Обстоятельство.
Отметим, что эта конструкция относится, прежде всего, к построению утвердительных и отрицательных предложений.
Вопросы по-английски
Совсем по-другому обстоят дела с порядком слов в английском вопросе. Английские вопросительные предложения строятся при помощи инверсии, т.е. изменённого порядка, где на первый план выходит глагол.
Если в предложении роль сказуемого выполняет глагол to be или модальные глаголы (can, should, may и другие), мы меняем местами сказуемое и подлежащее:
She is Linda. – Is she Linda? Она Линда. – Она Линда?
You must do it. – Must you do it? Ты должен сделать это. Ты должен сделать это?
При работе с другими глаголами обязательно смотрите, в каком времени вы его употребляете. От этого будет зависеть использование вспомогательного глагола, который ставится на первое место, затем идёт подлежащее, далее – сказуемое.
You look tired. Do you look tired? – Ты выглядишь уставшим. Ты выглядишь уставшим?
Yesterday we drew. Did we draw yesterday? – Вчера мы рисовали. Мы рисовали вчера?
Тем, кто уже хоть немного разбирается во временах английского глагола, поможет следующий лайфхак: если сказуемое состоит из двух частей, его первый элемент будет вспомогательным глаголом в вопросе.
Nigel is parking now. Is Nigel parking now? – Найджел паркуется сейчас. Найджел паркуется сейчас?
При построении специальных вопросов (тех, которые требуют в качестве ответа конкретной информации: Кто? Что? Какой? Где? Куда? Как? И т.д.) на первое место выходит специальное вопросительное слово, затем вспомогательный глагол и остальные компоненты.
How do you think? – Как ты думаешь?
Исключение составляют вопросы к подлежащему, где сохраняется прямой порядок, так как вопросительное слово выступает в роли подлежащего:
Who loves Kate? – Кто любит Кейт?
What has happened? – Что произошло?
В общем виде схему для всех вопросительных предложений (кроме случаев с вопросом к подлежащему) можно представить так: (Вопросительное слово) – Вспомогательный глагол – Подлежащее – Сказуемое – (Остальные элементы).
Инверсия в других случаях
В отдельных моментах по правилам английского языка мы также должны использовать обратный порядок слов. Это относится к фразам, начинающимся с отрицания neither, nor, never, no:
Never have we seen such a clever child. – Мы никогда не видели такого сообразительного ребёнка.
К инверсии также прибегают, если предложения начинаются с наречий: hardly, rarely (seldom), no sooner, only (в обстоятельствах места и времени).
Hardly had we finish our work she called us. –Едва мы закончили работу, как она позвонила нам.
Only after 5 years the man realized his mistake. –Только спустя пять лет мужчина осознал свою ошибку.
Что касается прилагательных
Как в русском, так и в английском языках весьма популярно использование нескольких определений подряд (обычно не больше трёх). При этом порядок прилагательных в английском предложении регламентирован их значением: оценка – размер – возраст – форма – цвет – национальность – материал.
I have met a beautiful tall young Spanish girl. – Я встретился с красивой высокой молодой девушкой из Испании.
Для более удобного запоминания вышеуказанной схемы представьте: вы встречаете предмет или человека и первым делом даёте оценку. По мере приближения к нему вы определяете размер, затем возраст, видите форму и цвет, потом уже можете в конце предположить происхождение и на ощупь определить материал.
Как расставить наречия?
Наречия, выступающие в качестве обстоятельства в предложении, в основном ставятся после глагола (вспомогательного или смыслового) и перед другими частями речи (прилагательными, существительными, причастиями, другими наречиями). Это общее правило, но не забываем, что порядок наречий в английском языке иногда определяется их принадлежностью к различным категориям.
Наречия частотности (never, always, sometimes и другие) ставят после вспомогательных глаголов и to be либо перед смысловым.
Michael is never late. – Майкл никогда не опаздывает.
Наречия, обозначающие время и место, могут стоять или в начале, или в конце предложения. Если они соседствуют, то первым будет наречие места.
Last week he drank a lot. – Последнюю неделю он много пил.
Nobody lived in that house last year. Никто не жил в том доме в прошлом году.
Наречия степени подчиняются общему правилу, как и наречия образа действия.
You are absolutely amazing! – Ты просто потрясающий!
He looked quickly. – Он быстро посмотрел.
Отдельным пунктом идут наречия too (слишком) – ставится перед наречием или прилагательным – и enough (достаточно) – идёт после наречий, прилагательных и перед существительными.
They have enough food. – У них достаточно еды.
I am too lazy to do it. – Я слишком ленив для этого.
Отрабатывая правила по данной теме, не забывайте выполнять различные задания. Несмотря на большое количество поправок к правилам, их довольно легко запомнить при применении в контексте. Оставшиеся вопросы задавайте в комментариях к статье.
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