What do this word mean use it can

43.1

What do these words mean? Use it can… or it can’t … Use a dictionary if necessary.

If something is

1. Washable, it can be washed
2. Unbreakable, it can’t be broken
3. Edible, it can be eaten
4. Unusable, it can’t be used
5. Invisible, it can’t be seen
6. Portable, it can be carried

43.2

Complete these sentences with the following verbs (in the correct form):

Arrest, carry, cause, do, make, repair, send, spend, wake up

 Sometimes you need have (might have, should have etc).

1. The situation is serious. Something must be done before it’s too late.
2. I should have received the letter by now. It might have been sent to the wrong address.
3. A decision will not be made until the next meeting.
4. Do you think that more money should be spent on education?
5. This road is in very bad condition. It should have been repaired a long time ago.
6. The injured man couldn’t walk and had to be carried.
7. I told the hotel receptionist I wanted to be woken up at 6.30 the next morning.
8. If you hadn’t pushed the policemen, you wouldn’t have been arrested.
9. It’s not certain how the fire started, but it might have been caused by an electrical fault.

43.3

Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using somebody or they etc, write a passive sentence.

1. Somebody has cleaned the room.

The room has been cleaned.

• Somebody is using the computer right now.

The computer is being used at the moment.

• I didn’t realise that somebody was recording our conversation.

I didn’t realise that our conversation was being recorded.

• When we got to the stadium, we found that they had cancelled the game.

When we got to the stadium, we found that the game had been cancelled.

• They are building a new ring road round the city.

A new ring road is being built round the city.

• They have built a new hospital near the airport.

A new hospital has been built near the airport.

43.4

Make sentences from the words in brackets. Sometimes the verb is active, sometimes passive.

1. There’s somebody behind us. (I think/we/follow).

I think we’re being followed.

• This room looks different. (you/paint/the walls?)

Have you painted the walls?

• My car has disappeared. (it/steal)

It has been stolen.

• My umbrella has disappeared. (somebody/take).

Somebody has taken it.

• Sam gets a higher salary now. (he/promote)

He has been promoted.

• Ann can’t use her office this week. (it/redecorate)

It is being redecorated.

• There was a problem with the photocopier yesterday, but now it’s ok.

(It/work) It is working again. (it/repair) It has been repaired.

• When I went into the room, I saw that the table and chairs were not in the some place. (the furniture/move). The furniture had been moved.
• A neighbor of mine disappeared six months ago. (he/not/see/since then).

He hasn’t been seen since then.

1. I wonder how jane is these days. (I/not/see/for ages).

I haven’t seen her for ages.

1. A friend of mine was mugged on his way home a few nights ago. (you/ever/mug?)

Have you ever been mugged?

If
something is

1.
washable, _it can be washed._

2.
unbreakable, it —

3.
edible, it —

4.
unusable, —

5.
invisible, —

6.
portable, —

42.2 Complete these sentences with one of the following verbs (in the correct form):

carry
cause do make repair send spend wake up

Sometimes
you need have (‘might have’, ‘could have’ etc.).

1.
The situation is serious. Something must be done before it’s too
late.

2.
I haven’t received the letter. It might have been sent to the wrong
address.

3.
A decision will not — until the next meeting.

4.
I told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to — at 6.30 the next
morning.

5.
Do you think that less money should — on armaments?

6.
This road is in very bad condition. It should — a long time ago.

7.
The injured man couldn’t walk and had to —

8.
It’s not certain how the fire started but it might — by an
electrical fault.

42.3 Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using ‘somebody’ or ‘they’, write a passive sentence.

1.
Somebody has cleaned the room. _The room has been cleaned._

2.
They have postponed the concert. The —

3.
Somebody is using the computer at the moment. The computer —

4.
I didn’t realise that somebody was recording our conversation. I
didn’t realise that —

5.
When we got to the stadium we found that they had cancelled the game.
When we got to the stadium, we found that —

6.
They are building a new ring road round the city. —

7.
They have built a new hospital near the airport. —

42.4 Make sentences from the words in brackets. Sometimes the verb is active, sometimes passive. (This exercise also includes the past simple—see Unit 41 c.)

1.
There’s somebody behind us. (I think/we/follow) _I think we’re being
followed._

2.
This room looks different. (you/paint?) _Have you painted it?_

3.
My car has disappeared. (it/steal!) It —

4.
My umbrella has disappeared. (somebody/take) Somebody —

5.
Tom gets a higher salary now. (he/promote) —

6.
Ann can’t use her office at the moment. (it/redecorate) —

7.
The photocopier broke down yesterday, but now it’s OK.
(it/work/again; it/repair)

8.
The police have found the people they were looking for. (two
people/arrest/last night)

9.
A tree was lying across the road. (it/blow down/in the storm)

10.
The man next door disappeared six months ago. (nobody/see/since then)

11.
I was mugged on my way home a few nights ago. (you/ever/mug?)

UNIT
43. Passive (3)

A.
I was born …

We
say: I was born … (not ‘I am born’):

past
simple

*
I was born in Chicago.

*
Where were you born? (not ‘where are you born’)

but
present simple

*
How many babies are born everyday?

B.
Some verbs can have two objects. For example, give:

*
We gave _the police_(object 1) _the information._(object 2) (= We
gave the information to the police.)

So
it is possible to make two passive sentences:

*
The police were given the information. or The information was given
to the police.

Other
verbs which can have two objects are: ask offer pay show teach
tell

When
we use these verbs in the passive, most often we begin with the
person:

*
I was offered the job but I refused it. (= they offered me the job)

*
You will be given plenty of time to decide. (= we will give you
plenty of time)

*
Have you been shown the new machine? (= has anybody shown you …?)

*
The men were paid L200 to do the work. (= somebody paid the men L200)

C.
I don’t like being …

The
passive of doing/seeing etc. is being done/being seen etc. Compare:

active:
I don’t like people telling me what to do.

passive:
I don5t like being told what to do.

*
I remember being given a toy drum on my fifth birthday. (= I remember
somebody giving me a toy drum…)

*
Mr. Miller hates being kept waiting. (= he hates people keeping him
waiting)

*
We managed to climb over the wall without being seen. (= … without
anybody seeing us)

D.
Get

Sometimes
you can use get instead of be in the passive:

*
There was a fight at the party but nobody got hurt. (= nobody was
hurt)

*
I don’t often get invited to parties. (= I’m not often invited)

*
I’m surprised Ann didn’t get offered the lob. (… Ann wasn’t offered
the job)

You
can use get to say that something happens to somebody or something,
especially if this is unplanned or unexpected:

*
Our dog got run over by a car.

You
can use get only when things happen or change. For example, you
cannot use get in these sentences:

*
Jill is liked by everybody. (not ‘gets liked’ — this is not a
‘happening’)

*
He was a mystery man. Nothing was known about him. (not ‘got known’)

We
use get mainly in informal spoken English. You can use be in all
situations.

We
also use get in the following expressions (which are not passive in
meaning):

get
married get divorced get dressed (= put on your clothes) get
changed (= change your clothes)

EXERCISES

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Study the following active and passive forms:
A. Infinitive
active: (to) do/clean/see etc. Somebody will clean the room later.
passive: (to) be done/cleaned/seen etc. The room will be clean later.
* The situation is serious. Something must be done before it’s too late.
* A mystery is something that can’t be explained.
* The music was very loud and could be heard from a long way away.
* A new supermarket is going to be built next year.
* Please go away. I want to be left alone.

B. Perfect infinitive
active: have done/cleaned/seen etc. Somebody should have cleaned the room.
passive: have been done/cleaned/seen etc. The room should have been cleaned.
* I haven’t received the letter yet. It might have been sent to the wrong address.
* If you hadn’t left the car unlocked, it wouldn’t have been stolen.
* There were some problems at first but they seem to have been solved.

C. Present perfect
active: have/has (done) The room looks nice. Somebody has cleaned it.
passive: have/has been (done) The room looks nice. It has been clean.
* Have you heard the news? The President has been shot!
* Have you ever been bitten by a dog?
* ‘Are you going to the party?’ ‘No, I haven’t been invited.’

Past perfect
active: had(done) The room looked nice. Somebody had clean it.
passive: had been (done) The room looked nice. It had been clean.
* The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They had been cooked for too long.
* The car was three years old but hadn’t been used very much.

D. Present continuous
active: am/is/are (do)ing Somebody is cleaning the room at the moment.
passive: am/is/are being (done) The room is being cleaned at the moment.
* There’s somebody walking behind us. I think we are being followed.
* (in a shop) ‘Can I help you, madam?’ ‘No, thank you. I’m being served.’

Past continuous
active: was/were (do)ing Somebody was cleaning the room when I arrived.
passive: was/were being (done) The room was being cleaned when I arrived.
* There was somebody walking behind us. We were being followed.

EXERCISES
42.1 What do these words mean? Use it can … or it can’t… . Use a dictionary if necessary.
If something is
1. washable, _it can be washed._
2. unbreakable, it —
3. edible, it —
4. unusable, —
5. invisible, —
6. portable, —

42.2 Complete these sentences with one of the following verbs (in the correct form):
carry cause do make repair send spend wake up
Sometimes you need have (‘might have’, ‘could have’ etc.).
1. The situation is serious. Something must be done before it’s too late.
2. I haven’t received the letter. It might have been sent to the wrong address.
3. A decision will not — until the next meeting.
4. I told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to — at 6.30 the next morning.
5. Do you think that less money should — on armaments?
6. This road is in very bad condition. It should — a long time ago.
7. The injured man couldn’t walk and had to —
8. It’s not certain how the fire started but it might — by an electrical fault.

42.3 Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using ‘somebody’ or ‘they’, write a passive sentence.
1. Somebody has cleaned the room. _The room has been cleaned._
2. They have postponed the concert. The —
3. Somebody is using the computer at the moment. The computer —
4. I didn’t realise that somebody was recording our conversation. I didn’t realise that —
5. When we got to the stadium we found that they had cancelled the game. When we got to the stadium, we found that —
6. They are building a new ring road round the city. —
7. They have built a new hospital near the airport. —

42.4 Make sentences from the words in brackets. Sometimes the verb is active, sometimes passive.
1. There’s somebody behind us. (I think/we/follow) _I think we’re being followed._
2. This room looks different. (you/paint?) _Have you painted it?_
3. My car has disappeared. (it/steal!) It —
4. My umbrella has disappeared. (somebody/take) Somebody —
5. Tom gets a higher salary now. (he/promote) —
6. Ann can’t use her office at the moment. (it/redecorate) —
7. The photocopier broke down yesterday, but now it’s OK. (it/work/again; it/repair)
8. The police have found the people they were looking for. (two people/arrest/last night)
9. A tree was lying across the road. (it/blow down/in the storm)
10. The man next door disappeared six months ago. (nobody/see/since then)
11. I was mugged on my way home a few nights ago. (you/ever/mug?)

42.1

2 can’t be broken.

3 can be eaten.

4 it can’t be used.

5 it can’t be seen.

6 it can be carried.

42.2

3 he made

4 be woken up

5 be spent

6 have been repaired

7 be carried

8 have been caused

42.3

2 The concert has been postponed.

3 The computer is being used at the moment.

4 I didn’t realise that our conversation was being recorded.

5 … we found that the game had been cancelled.

6 A new ring road is being built round the city.

7 A new hospital has been built near the airport.

42.4

3 It has been stolen!/It’s been stolen?

4 Somebody has taken it. or … taken my umbrella.

5 He has been promoted./He’s been promoted. or He was promoted.

6 It is being redecorated./It’s being redecorated.

7 It is working again./It’s working again . It has been repaired. It’s been repaired.

8 Two people were arrested last night.

9 It had been blown down in the storm. or It was blown down.

10 Nobody has seen him since then.

11 Have you ever been mugged?

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• What do these words mean? Use it can or it can’t (and a … · PDF fileWhat do these…

ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE FOR INTERMEDIATE

43. Passive 2 (be done/ been done/ being done)

A	Study the following active and passive forms: Infinitive Active           (to) do/dean/see e c.     Passive          (to) be+ done/cleaned/seen etc. ·         The situation is serious. Something must be done before ifs too late. ·         A mystery is something that can’t be explained. ·         The music was very loud and could be heard from a long way away. ·         A new supermarket is going to be built next year. ·         Please go away. I want to be left alone.
B	Perfect infinitive                                                                                                       Active       (to) have + done/cleaned/seen etc.   Passive      (to) have been + done/cleaned/seen etc.   ·         I should have received the letter by now. It might have been sent to the wrong address. ·         If you had locked the car, it wouldn’t have been stolen. ·         There were some problems at first, but they seem to have been solved.
C	Present perfect Active                               have/has + done etc. Passive                             have/has been + done etc. ·         Have you heard? The trip has been cancelled. ·         Have you ever been bitten by a dog? ·         ‘Are you going to the party?’ ‘No, I haven’t been invited.’ Past perfect Active                    had + done etc. Passive                  had been + done etc.  ·         The vegetables didn’t taste good. They had been cooked too long. ·         The car was three years old, but hadn’t been used very much.
D	Present continuous Active                 am/is/are + (do)ing Passive               am/is/are + being (done)   ·         There’s somebody walking behind us. I think we are being followed. ·         (in a shop) ‘Can I help you?’ ‘No, thanks. I’m being served.’ Past continuous Active                     was/were+ (do)ing   Passive                   was/were + being (done)   There was somebody walking behind us. I think we were being followed.

EXERCISES

43.1	What do these words mean? Use it can … or it can’t …. Use a dictionary if necessary. If something is 1 washable ___It can be washed_____ 4 unusable _________________________ 2 unbreakable _________________________ 5 invisible _________________________ 3 edible _________________________ 6 portable _________________________
43.2	Complete these sentences with the following verbs (in the correct form): arrest        carry              cause          do            make             repair        send         spend            wake up Sometimes you need have (might have, should have etc.). 1 The situation is serious. Something must _____be done_____ before it’s too late. 2 I should have received the letter by now. It might ____have been sent_____ to the wrong address. 3 A decision will not _____________ until the next meeting. 4 Do you think that more money should _____________on education? 5 This road is in very bad condition. It should _____________a long time ago. 6 The injured man couldn’t walk and had to _________________________ 7 I told the hotel receptionist I wanted to ___________ at 6.30 the next morning. 8 If you hadn’t pushed the policeman, you wouldn’t ___________ 9 It’s not certain how the fire started, but it might _______by an electrical fault
43.3	Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using somebody or they etc., write a passive sentence. 1 Somebody has cleaned the room. _____ The room has been cleaned. ___________ 2 Somebody is using the computer right now. The computer ________________________ 3 I didn’t realise that somebody was recording our conversation. I didn’t realise that _________________________ 4 When we got to the stadium, we found that they had cancelled the game. When we got to the stadium, we found that __________________________ 5 They are building a new ring road round the city. ____________________________________________________________________ 6 They have built a new hospital near the airport. _______________________________________________________________________
43.4	Make sentences from the words in brackets. Sometimes the verb is active, sometimes passive. 1 There’s somebody behind us. (I think /we /follow)____ I think we’re being followed ______ 2 This room looks different. (you /paint /the walls?)______ Have you painted the walls?____ 3 My car has disappeared. (it /steal) It______________________________________ 4 My umbrella has disappeared. (somebody / take) Somebody _______________________________ 5 Sam gets a higher salary now. (he /promote) He __________________________________________ 6 Ann can’t use her office this week. (it /redecorate) It _______________________________________ 7 There was a problem with the photocopier yesterday, but now it’s OK. (it /work) It ___________ again. (it /repair) It__________________________ 8 When I went into the room, I saw that the table and chairs were not in the same place. (the furniture /move) The ____________________________________________________________ 9 A neighbour of mine disappeared six months ago. (he /not /see /since then) He _______________________________________________________________________________ 10 I wonder how Jane is these days. (I /not /see /for ages) I _____________________________________________________________________________________ 11 A friend of mine was mugged on his way home a few nights ago. (you /ever /mug?) _________________________________________________________________________________________

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