Visual basic for excel 2007 - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

This Excel tutorial explains how to open the Visual Basic Editor in Excel 2007 (with screenshots and step-by-step instructions).

How to open the VBA environment

You can access the VBA environment in Excel 2007 by opening the Microsoft Visual Basic window.

First, be sure that the Developer tab is visible in the toolbar in Excel.

The Developer tab is the toolbar that has the buttons to open the VBA editor and create Form/ActiveX Controls like buttons, checkboxes, etc.

To display the Developer tab, click on the Microsoft Office button in the top left of the Excel window and then click on the Excel Options button.

When the Excel Options window appears, click on the Popular option on the left. Select the option called «Show Developer tab in the Ribbon«. Then click on the OK button.

Select the Developer tab from the toolbar at the top of the screen. Then click on the Visual Basic option in the Code group.

Now the Microsoft Visual Basic editor should appear and you can view your VBA code.

Источник

Статья предназначена для людей, которые хотят научиться писать программы на встроенном в Excel Visual Basic (VBA), но абсолютно не знают что это такое.

Для начала — несколько слов о том, зачем это нужно. Средство VBA в MS Excel, представляет нам универсальный инструмент для быстрого и точного решения любых индивидуальных пользовательских задач в MS Excel. Можно конечно использовать и встроенные в MS Excel функции которых великое множество, однако они далеко не всегда решают поставленную задачу.
Итак, создадим для примера простейшую программу. Будем использовать MS Excel 2007. Откройте MS Excel, нажмите «сохранить как» и сохраните файл Вашей программы нажав «Книга ексель с поддержкой макросов».

Далее необходимо включить вкладку «Разработчик». Для этого нажимаем «Параметры Excel»
Ставим галочку на «Показывать вкладку «Разработчик» на ленте»

После этого на ленте, в верху листа Excel, появится вкладка «Разработчик», которая содержит в себе инструменты для создания VBA макросов.
Представим себе небольшую задачу — допустим мы имеем 2 числа, нам необходимо их сложить и по полученной сумме получить значение из нашей таблицы.
Поставим в ячейки Листа1 следующие значения:

на Листе2 заполним ячейки, создав таблицу из 2 столбцов

Далее перейдем на Лист1, нажмем на вкладку «Разработчик», «Вставить», на ней выберем кнопку
и нарисуем кнопку на Листе1, после чего сразу появится окно «Назначить макрос объекту», в котором выбираем «Создать»
После этого откроется редактор Visual Basic, и автоматически напишется наименование процедуры, которая будет выполняться при нажатии кнопки. Под названием процедуры впишем следующий код:

Код выполнит следующие действия:

MsgBox («Это мой первый Макрос!») — сообщение
Переменной q присваивается значение ячейки на Листе1, с координатами 2 строка, 2 столбец
Переменной w присваивается значение ячейки на Листе1, с координатами 3 строка, 2 столбец
В ячейку на Листе1, с координатами 4 строка, 2 столбец, записывается сумма q+w

Далее получим значение столбца В из Листа2, которое расположено на той же строке где значение нашей суммы совпадает с значением столбца А.
Введем следующий код:

и получим при нажатии на кнопку следующий результат:

из результата видно что макрос подобрал число из таблицы на Листе2 в соответствии с нашей суммой.
Не буду вдаваться в подробности этого хитрого кода, так как цель данной статьи — начать писать макросы. Для VBA в интернете есть масса ресурсов, с примерами и разъяснениями, хотя для автоматизации расчетов вполне хватит объема информации в справке.

Таким образом с помощью VBA возможно автоматизировать расчет любой сложности и последовательности. Справочные таблицы можно копировать из различной литературы на отдельные листы Excel и писать последовательный расчет с кнопками.

Источник

VBA and Macros for Excel 2007
- Basic Setup
- VBA Language Constructs
  - VBA: An Object-Oriented Language
  - Variables
  - Functions and Subroutines
  - Loops
  - Flow Control
  - Arrays
  - Collections
  - Regular Expressions
- Excel Specific VBA
  - Ranges
  - Cells
  - Names
  - Worksheet Functions
  - R1C1 Style Formulas
  - Charts
  - Events
- Misc
  - Error Handling
  - Debugging
Discussion

Last Updated: 21 Nov 2020

This is a quick overview/primer on how to macros using Visual Basic for Applications in Excel 2007.

Basic Setup

Install Excel 2007 and enable the Developer Toolbar (Office Menu → Excel Options).
Make sure you can get into the VBA Editor via the Developer Toolbar. Once there, you may want to set the ‘Require Variable Declaration’ option in Tools → Options. I find this makes programming easier.
Note that there is only one VBA editor for ALL workbooks that you have open.
The VBA Editor has a few key windows:
1. Project: Excel objects, code, etc. for all open workbooks appear in this window
2. Properties: Lets you view and modify various properties of whatever object you have selected
3. Editor: The main editor, where you write code
4. Object Browser: Press F2 to get the Object Browser, which lets you see a comprehensive view of all Excel classes
5. Debugging Windows: There are several windows that you use for debugging, such as the Watches window which lets you watch variables. See Debugging for more information.

VBA Language Constructs

VBA: An Object-Oriented Language

VBA is object oriented. So we have an object like a ‘Row’ or a ‘Cell’. There are also ‘collections’ of these objects, e.g. ‘Rows’ and ‘Cells’

As with every other object oriented language, an object can have both properties and methods (functions). However, the syntax for calling functions is a little weird:

basic

Object.myProperty = 3		' Assign the value 3 to the property 'myProperty'
Object.myFunction(3, 4)  	' Call 'myFunction' with 3 being passed in as the first argument and 4 as the second argument
Object.myFunction setting := 3	' Call 'myFunction' with the specific argument 'setting' set to 3.

You’ll note there are two different types of function calls. The first is the one that is probably familiar to you; you pass a list of arguments in a specific order, as defined by the function that you’re calling. The second allows you to specific which arguments get which values; in the example above, setting could have been the fifth argument to the function myFunction. All other arguments get their default values, but setting is set to 3.
Also as with any other object-oriented language, objects can have properties that are, in fact, other objects. Similarly, you can pass objects as arguments to functions.
- Example: If you look at the code
```
Application.Selection.End(xlDown).Select
```
  Application is an object and Selection is a property that returns an object (e.g. a Range object that contains selected cells on the worksheet). End is a property of the Range object that returns another object (e.g. a Cell object with the cell at the end of the range). Select is finally the function, to select the cell indicated by the Cell object.
- You’ll note that we passed xlDown to the End property. This shows a slight difference between VBA and other languages, because End is a (read-only) property, but we can pass an argument to it. In this way, the property is acting a bit like a function.

Variables

Variables in VBA can either be statically or dynamically typed, but most developers prefer static typing (see below).
Variables are declared with Dim, and can be passed a type:
```
Dim myVariable As Range
```

Then they can be set with

myVariable = 2
Set myVariable = Range("A1":"C3")  ' The 'Set' syntax must be used for setting non-trivial values, such as this Range object

Dynamic typing is done via the Variant type. If you don’t set a type when declaring a variable; e.g.:
```
Dim myVariantVariable
```
then VBA will create a Variant, and assign whatever type it thinks is best, based on your usage. On the surface, this sounds great, but it comes with several problems, including increased memory and CPU overhead, and an increased likelihood for lazy-developer errors.

Functions and Subroutines

VBA supports both functions and subroutines. The difference is that functions can return a value, and sub-routines can’t.

Subroutine declaration:

Sub mySubroutine(firstName As String, lastName As String)
 ' do some stuff
End Sub

Function declaration:

Function myNameFunction(firstName As String, lastName As String) As String
 ' do some stuff
 ' return a value from a function by assigning the return value to a variable with the same name
 myFunction = firstName & ' ' & lastName
End Function

Functions can be called from a cell, and populate that cell with a value. For example, you could call:
```
=myNameFunction(A1, A2)
```
which would run that function and populate the value of the cell with the result.

Loops

Surprise, surprise. VBA supports the all loops that you’d expect.
For…Next. These are very similar to other languages that support the for() construct, although the syntax is a bit different:
```
For i = 1 To 10
  ' do something with i
Next i
```
You can also make these a bit more complex, for example running backwards and incrementing by more than just one:
```
For i = 300 To 200 Step 10
  ' i will go from 300 to 200, in increments of 10
Next i
```
Do While…Loop and Do Until…Loop. These are both constructs that let you run code until something becomes true. They are the same loop; Until is basically syntactic shorthand for While Not.
```
Dim testVar As Boolean
testVar = true
Do While testVar 
  ' do something, and eventually set testVar = false, which breaks out of the loop
Loop
```
For Each…Next. Like many languages (but certainly not all) VBA supports the For Each construct to iterate over all elements of an object.
```
For Each cell in myRange
  ' do something with each cell
Next cell
```

Flow Control

Standard flow control structures are also supported.

If… Then….Else…End If:

If X > 0 Or Y > 0 Then 
  ' do something
Else
  ' do something else
End If

Select…Case:

Select Case action
  Case 'loadData'
    ' do load proceedure
  Case 'saveData'
    ' do save proceedure
  Case Else
    ' print an error; nothing matched
End Select

Arrays

VBA supports both single and multi-dimensional arrays.
VBA is a little weird; if you declare an array like this: Dim myArray(2) it actually has three elements: myArray(0), myArray(1) and myArray(2). Nearly every other language I’d use would only have two (index 0 and index 1)

Examples:

	Dim myArray(2)	  ' declares a three element, one-dimensional array
	Dim myArray(2,5)  ' declares an eighteen (3 x 6) element, two-dimensional array

Collections

A ‘collection’ is a grouping of objects of some sort. A collection has four primary methods: Add, Remove, Count and Item. To use a collection:

 Dim myCollection As New Collection
 myCollection.Add 'foobar' 1	' add the value 'foobar' with a unqiue key of '1'
 myCollection.Add 'goobar' 2    ' add the value 'goobar' with the unique key of '2'
 myCollection.Add 'roobar' 1    ' THROWS AN ERROR, because we already have an item with a unqiue key of 1
 myCollection.Count 			' value is 2 (foobar & goobar)

Regular Expressions

VBA supports regular expressions via an add-in. To enable it, go to the Visual Basic Editor and select ‘Tools → References’. Enable ‘Microsoft VBScript Regular Expressions 5.5’
Here’s an example of a regular expression:
```
    Dim regex As New RegExp
 
    ' Set regex properties; we're looking for a string that starts with 'foobar'
    With regex
        .MultiLine = False
        .Global = True
        .IgnoreCase = False
        .Pattern = "^foobar"
    End With
 
    regex.Test("foobarbaz")    ' will evaluate to true
    regex.Test("barfoo")       ' will evaluate to false
```

Excel Specific VBA

Ranges

The range object is probably the thing you’ll interact with most in Excel, because it lets you select and act on bits of data.

A Range may be a single cell, or a group of cells. Most common syntax for a range:

basic

Range("A1").Select				' Selects only cell A1
Range("A:A").Select				' Selects the entire A column
Range("1:1").Select				' Selects the entire 1 row
Range("A1:C5").Select				' Select the box from A1 to C5
Range("A1","C5").Select				' Same thing as above; just a different syntax
Worksheets("Sheet2").Range("A1").Select		' Selects A1 on the Worksheet 'Sheet2'

You can also access a named range, e.g. Range(“myRange”).Select
You can get a specific item in a range by using myRange.Cells.Item(5,2). This would get the cell that is five rows down and two columns over from the root cell of the range.
Offset is similar, but it moves the entire range rather than selecting a cell within it: myRange.Offset(5,2) will move the Range down five and over two. myRange.Offset(RowOffset:=-1) moves the range one row up.
Resize lets you expand an existing range. For example, myRange.Resize(RowSize:=2, ColumnSize:=3) would expand the existing range by two rows and three columns.

Cells

The Cells object lets you get data from and take action on specific cells.
IsEmpty(myCell) lets you figure out whether a cell is empty or not.

Names

Names are a little bit like persistent variables for Excel. You can store data in them when you need it to persist across sessions, but you don’t want to store it in a hidden part of your worksheet.
Basically, a ‘name’ can refer to a range of cells, a string, a number, or an array.
Names can either be local (specific to a single worksheet) or global (common across all worksheets).

You create names like this:

ActiveWorkbook.Names.Add Name:="foobar", RefersTo:=ActiveSheet.Range("A4:F5")
ActiveSheet.Names.Add Name:="foobaz", RefersTo:=3

You access names via the names object. For example, to delete a name:

Names("ABCDEF").Delete		' Note that names are NOT case sensitive, so this will delete the name created with 'abcdef'

Worksheet Functions

VBA has quite a few built in functions, but there are quite a few more built into Excel and not VBA. You need to access these via the WorksheetFunction object, e.g. WorksheetFunction.Max(1,2,3,4,5) will let you use the ‘Max’ function in Excel.
Reportedly, switching between VBA and Excel causes significant overhead, so it should be avoided if possible.

R1C1 Style Formulas

In addition to standard A1 style formulas, Excel supports R1C1 style formula entry. Every cell is assigned a numeric row and column index, so cell R2C2 would be B2 (second row, second column).
R1C1 style formulas can make your code more elegant in many cases
R1C1 syntax supports both absolute references: R5C3 as well as relative references: R[5]C[3]. The former would go to the fifth row, third column. The latter would go down five rows and over three columns from the current cell
You can also do a mixed reference: R4C[-1] would go to the fourth row, back one column from the current cell.

Charts

Create a Chart using the Shapes object; e.g.:

ActiveSheet.Shapes.AddChart.Select
ActiveChart.SetDataSource Source:=Range("C3:E4")
ActiveChart.ChartType = xlColumnClustered

If you need to move a chart, you need to move the parent Shape that it’s attached to, not the chart itself. For example, this positions a chart at the top left corner of cell D6:
```
ActiveChart.Parent.Left = Range("D6").Left
ActiveChart.Parent.Top = Range("D6").Top
```
Some arguments, such as type and size, can also be passed to AddChart, see the Excel docs for details.

Events

Like many other languages, VBA uses an event driven model for running code when certain things happen to a workbook
There are four types of events:
- Application Events — Events at the application level, such as AppEvent_NewWorkbook or AppEvent_WindowResize
- Workbook Events — Events at the workbook level, such as Workbook_Open and Workbook_SheetChange
- Worksheet Events — Events at the worksheet level, such as Worksheet_Change. Note that Worksheet_Change only applies to a single worksheet, whereas ‘Workbook_SheetChange’ is fired if any sheet is changed.
- Chart Events — Events specific to a chart, such as Chart_SeriesChange
Code for events is stored in the appropriate Excel module. For example, Workbook events are stored in the ThisWorkbook module
To add a subroutine to handle an event, use the Object drop-down and Procedure drop-down from the top of the code window.

Misc

Error Handling

Many functions in Excel return an error if something goes wrong, which stops the execution of the program.

If you’d rather have execution continue, and handle the error, you can catch errors like this:

On Error Resume Next
Names("foobar").Delete
Range("A1").Value = Err.number	' Contains zero if the name was found, or an error code otherwise

Debugging

VBA sports all the usual suspects for debugging: Step Into, Step Over, Run to Cursor, adding breakpoints, watching variables, etc. Generally, it all works pretty much as you’d expect.
All of the debugging functionality is accessed from the Debug menu of the Visual Basic for Applications IDE.

Источник

How to open the VBA environment

Table of Contents

Basic Setup

VBA Language Constructs

VBA: An Object-Oriented Language

Variables

Functions and Subroutines

Loops

Flow Control

Arrays

Collections

Regular Expressions

Excel Specific VBA

Ranges

Cells

Names

Worksheet Functions

R1C1 Style Formulas

Charts

Events

Misc

Error Handling

Debugging