Verb form of word simple

В английском языке глаголы делятся на правильные и неправильные. Неправильные глаголы — это такие глаголы, у которых форма прошедшего времени ( Past tense form ), а также форма причастия прошедшего времени ( Past participle ) образуется не так, как у правильных глаголов. Правильные глаголы образуют эти формы путём прибавления –ed к первой форме. Подробнее про глаголы.

Нет общего правила для неправильных глаголов. Их нужно просто выучить.

Base form	Past simple	Past participle	Перевод
A
arise	arose	arisen	возникать, появляться
awake	awakened / awoke	awakened / awoken	будить, проснуться
B
backslide	backslid	backslidden / backslid	отказываться от прежних убеждений
be	was, were	been	быть
bear	bore	born / borne	родить
beat	beat	beaten / beat	бить
become	became	become	становиться, делаться
begin	began	begun	начинать
bend	bent	bent	сгибать, гнуть
bet	bet / betted	bet / betted	держать пари
bind	bound	bound	связать
bite	bit	bitten	кусать
bleed	bled	bled	кровоточить
blow	blew	blown	дуть
break	broke	broken	ломать
breed	bred	bred	выращивать
bring	brought	brought	приносить
broadcast	broadcast / broadcasted	broadcast / broadcasted	распространять, разбрасывать
browbeat	browbeat	browbeaten / browbeat	запугивать
build	built	built	строить
burn	burned / burnt	burned / burnt	гореть, жечь
burst	burst	burst	взрываться, прорываться
bust	busted / bust	busted / bust	разжаловать
buy	bought	bought	покупать
C
can	could	could	мочь, уметь
cast	cast	cast	бросить, кинуть, вышвырнуть
catch	caught	caught	ловить, хватать, успеть
choose	chose	chosen	выбирать
cling	clung	clung	цепляться, льнуть
clothe	clothed / clad	clothed / clad	одевать (кого-либо)
come	came	come	приходить
cost	cost	cost	стоить, обходиться (в какую-либо сумму)
creep	crept	crept	ползать
cut	cut	cut	резать, разрезать
D
deal	dealt	dealt	иметь дело
dig	dug	dug	копать
dive	dove / dived	dived	нырять, погружаться
do	did	done	делать, выполнять
draw	drew	drawn	рисовать, чертить
dream	dreamed / dreamt	dreamed / dreamt	грезить, мечтать
drink	drank	drunk	пить
drive	drove	driven	управлять (авто)
dwell	dwelt / dwelled	dwelt / dwelled	обитать, находиться
E
eat	ate	eaten	есть, кушать
F
fall	fell	fallen	падать
feed	fed	fed	кормить
feel	felt	felt	чувствовать
fight	fought	fought	драться, сражаться, бороться
find	found	found	находить
fit	fit	fit	подходить по размеру
flee	fled	fled	убегать, спасаться
fling	flung	flung	бросаться, ринуться
fly	flew	flown	летать
forbid	forbade	forbidden	запрещать
forecast	forecast	forecast	предсказывать, предвосхищать
foresee	foresaw	foreseen	предвидеть
foretell	foretold	foretold	предсказывать, прогнозировать
forget	forgot	forgotten	забывать
forgive	forgave	forgiven	прощать
forsake	forsook	forsaken	покидать
freeze	froze	frozen	замерзать
G
get	got	gotten / got	получать, достигать
give	gave	given	давать
go	went	gone	идти, ехать
grind	ground	ground	молоть, толочь
grow	grew	grown	расти
H
hang	hung / hanged	hung / hanged	вешать, развешивать
have, has	had	had	иметь
hear	heard	heard	слышать
hew	hewed	hewn / hewed	рубить
hide	hid	hidden	прятаться, скрываться
hit	hit	hit	ударять, поражать
hold	held	held	держать, удерживать, фиксировать
hurt	hurt	hurt	ранить, причинить боль
I
inlay	inlaid	inlaid	вкладывать, вставлять, выстилать
input	input / inputted	input / inputted	входить
interweave	interwove	interwoven	воткать
K
keep	kept	kept	держать, хранить
kneel	knelt / kneeled	knelt / kneeled	становиться на колени
knit	knitted / knit	knitted / knit	вязать
know	knew	known	знать, иметь представление (о чем-либо)
L
lay	laid	laid	класть, положить
lead	led	led	вести, руководить, управлять
lean	leaned / leant	leaned / leant	опираться, прислоняться
leap	leaped / leapt	leaped / leapt	прыгать, скакать
learn	learnt / learned	learnt / learned	учить
leave	left	left	покидать, оставлять
lend	lent	lent	одалживать, давать взаймы
let	let	let	позволять, предполагать
lie	lay	lain	лежать
light	lit / lighted	lit / lighted	освещать
lose	lost	lost	терять
M
make	made	made	делать, производить, создавать
may	might	might	мочь, иметь возможность
mean	meant	meant	значить, иметь ввиду
meet	met	met	встречать
miscast	miscast	miscast	неправильно распределять роли
misdeal	misdealt	misdealt	поступать неправильно
misdo	misdid	misdone	делать что-либо неправильно или небрежно
misgive	misgave	misgiven	внушать недоверия, опасения
mishear	misheard	misheard	ослышаться
mishit	mishit	mishit	промахнуться
mislay	mislaid	mislaid	класть не на место
mislead	misled	misled	ввести в заблуждение
misread	misread	misread	неправильно истолковывать
misspell	misspelled / misspelt	misspelled / misspelt	писать с ошибками
misspend	misspent	misspent	неразумно, зря тратить
mistake	mistook	mistaken	ошибаться
misunderstand	misunderstood	misunderstood	неправильно понимать
mow	mowed	mowed / mown	косить
O
offset	offset	offset	возмещать, вознаграждать, компенсировать
outbid	outbid	outbid	перебивать цену
outdo	outdid	outdone	превосходить
outfight	outfought	outfought	побеждать в бою
outgrow	outgrew	outgrown	вырастать из
output	output / outputted	output / outputted	выходить
outrun	outran	outrun	перегонять, опережать
outsell	outsold	outsold	продавать лучше или дороже
outshine	outshone	outshone	затмевать
overbid	overbid	overbid	повелевать
overcome	overcame	overcome	компенсировать
overdo	overdid	overdone	пережари(ва)ть
overdraw	overdrew	overdrawn	превышать
overeat	overate	overeaten	объедаться
overfly	overflew	overflown	перелетать
overhang	overhung	overhung	нависать
overhear	overheard	overheard	подслуш(ив)ать
overlay	overlaid	overlaid	покры(ва)ть
overpay	overpaid	overpaid	переплачивать
override	overrode	overridden	отменять, аннулировать
overrun	overran	overrun	переливаться через край
oversee	oversaw	overseen	надзирать за
overshoot	overshot	overshot	расстрелять
oversleep	overslept	overslept	проспать, заспаться
overtake	overtook	overtaken	догонять
overthrow	overthrew	overthrown	свергать
P
partake	partook	partaken	принимать участие
pay	paid	paid	платить
plead	pleaded / pled	pleaded / pled	обращаться к суду
prepay	prepaid	prepaid	платить вперед
prove	proved	proven / proved	доказывать
put	put	put	класть, ставить, размещать
Q
quit	quit / quitted	quit / quitted	выходить, покидать, оставлять
R
read	read	read	читать
rebind	rebound	rebound	перевязывать
rebuild	rebuilt	rebuilt	перестроить
recast	recast	recast	изменять, перестраивать
redo	redid	redone	делать вновь, переделывать
rehear	reheard	reheard	слушать вторично
remake	remade	remade	переделывать
rend	rent	rent	раздирать
repay	repaid	repaid	отдавать долг
rerun	reran	rerun	выполнять повторно
resell	resold	resold	перепродавать
reset	reset	reset	возвращать
resit	resat	resat	пересиживать
retake	retook	retaken	забирать
retell	retold	retold	пересказывать
rewrite	rewrote	rewritten	перезаписать
rid	rid	rid	избавлять
ride	rode	ridden	ездить верхом
ring	rang	rung	звонить
rise	rose	risen	подняться
run	ran	run	бегать
S
saw	sawed	sawed / sawn	пилить
say	said	said	сказать, заявить
see	saw	seen	видеть
seek	sought	sought	искать
sell	sold	sold	продавать
send	sent	sent	посылать
set	set	set	ставить, устанавливать
sew	sewed	sewn / sewed	шить
shake	shook	shaken	трясти
shave	shaved	shaved / shaven	бриться
shear	sheared	sheared / shorn	стричь
shed	shed	shed	проливать
shine	shined / shone	shined / shone	светить, сиять, озарять
shoot	shot	shot	стрелять, давать побеги
show	showed	shown / showed	показывать
shrink	shrank / shrunk	shrunk	сокращаться, сжиматься
shut	shut	shut	закрывать, запирать, затворять
sing	sang	sung	петь
sink	sank / sunk	sunk	тонуть, погружаться (под воду)
sit	sat	sat	сидеть
slay	slew / slayed	slain / slayed	убивать
sleep	slept	slept	спать
slide	slid	slid	скользить
sling	slung	slung	бросать, швырять
slink	slunk	slunk	красться, идти крадучись
slit	slit	slit	разрезать, рвать в длину
smell	smelled / smelt	smelled / smelt	пахнуть, нюхать
sow	sowed	sown / sowed	сеять
speak	spoke	spoken	говорить
speed	sped / speeded	sped / speeded	ускорять, спешить
spell	spelled / spelt	spelled / spelt	писать или читать по буквам
spend	spent	spent	тратить, расходовать
spill	spilled / spilt	spilled / spilt	проливать, разливать
spin	spun	spun	прясть
spit	spit / spat	spit / spat	плевать
split	split	split	расщеплять
spoil	spoiled / spoilt	spoiled / spoilt	портить
spread	spread	spread	распространиться
spring	sprang / sprung	sprung	вскочить, возникнуть
stand	stood	stood	стоять
steal	stole	stolen	воровать, красть
stick	stuck	stuck	уколоть, приклеить
sting	stung	stung	жалить
stink	stunk / stank	stunk	вонять
strew	strewed	strewn / strewed	усеять, устлать
stride	strode	stridden	шагать, наносить удар
strike	struck	struck	ударить, бить, бастовать
string	strung	strung	нанизать, натянуть
strive	strove / strived	striven / strived	стараться
sublet	sublet	sublet	передавать в субаренду
swear	swore	sworn	клясться, присягать
sweep	swept	swept	мести, подметать, сметать
swell	swelled	swollen / swelled	разбухать
swim	swam	swum	плавать, плыть
swing	swung	swung	качать, раскачивать, вертеть
T
take	took	taken	брать, взять
teach	taught	taught	учить, обучать
tear	tore	torn	рвать
tell	told	told	рассказать
think	thought	thought	думать
throw	threw	thrown	бросить
thrust	thrust	thrust	колоть, пронзать
tread	trod	trodden / trod	ступать
U
unbend	unbent	unbent	выпрямляться, разгибаться
underbid	underbid	underbid	снижать цену
undercut	undercut	undercut	сбивать цены
undergo	underwent	undergone	испытывать, переносить
underlie	underlay	underlain	лежать в основе
underpay	underpaid	underpaid	оплачивать слишком низко
undersell	undersold	undersold	продавать дешевле
understand	understood	understood	понимать, постигать
undertake	undertook	undertaken	предпринять
underwrite	underwrote	underwritten	подписываться
undo	undid	undone	уничтожать сделанное
unfreeze	unfroze	unfrozen	размораживать
unsay	unsaid	unsaid	брать назад свои слова
unwind	unwound	unwound	развертывать
uphold	upheld	upheld	поддерживать
upset	upset	upset	опрокинуться
W
wake	woke / waked	woken / waked	просыпаться
waylay	waylaid	waylaid	подстерегать
wear	wore	worn	носить (одежду)
weave	wove / weaved	woven / weaved	ткать
wed	wed / wedded	wed / wedded	жениться, выдавать замуж
weep	wept	wept	плакать, рыдать
wet	wet / wetted	wet / wetted	мочить, увлажнять
win	won	won	победить, выиграть
wind	wound	wound	заводить (механизм)
withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn	взять назад, отозвать
withhold	withheld	withheld	воздерживаться, отказывать
withstand	withstood	withstood	противостоять
wring	wrung	wrung	скрутить, сжимать
write	wrote	written	писать

The present simple tense varies according to whether it is being used with a third person singular subject  or other subjects. 

In this lesson we will look at:

• Forming the Present Simple (3rd person; other verbs; to be;)
• When to use the Present Simple

Forms of the Present Simple Tense

It is important to be aware of the third person singular (he/she/it) and other subjects (you/we/they) when forming the present simple because the form of the tense varies according to this:

The formation of the tense will also vary according to whether you are using the affirmative, negative, or a question. 

Present Simple with 3rd Person Singular Subjects

The 3rd person singular refers to the following subjects:

• he (John, Ian etc)
• she (Anne, Susan etc)
• it (the book, the film etc)

The present simple tense table below shows you how the formation will vary according to the affirmative, negative, or a question. You’ll see we need to add an ‘-s‘ to the verb for affirmative statements, but we add in does / doesn’t (auxiliary verbs) for negative statements and questions.

Note that questions can either be yes / no questions or have questions words. For example:

• Q: Do you like to holiday abroad?
• A: Yes / No

• Q: Where do you like to go on holiday?
• A: Spain

3rd Person Verb Endings

For many 3rd person verbs in the present simple tense, we add ‘-s‘:

• laugh = laughs
• work = works
• cope = copes
• love = loves

However, typically if the verb ends in o, ss, sh, ch, x or z, we add ‘-es‘

• go = goes
• loss = losses
• wish = wishes
• catch = catches
• tax = taxes
• fizz = fizzes

For verbs ending in a consonant plus -y, the -y is replaced with an i, then -es is added. 

• hurry = hurries
• bury = buries 
• try = tries
• clarify = clarifies

Who

It should be noted at this point that with the question word ‘who’ in the present simple tense, we often do not use auxiliary verbs:

• Who likes vegetarian food? (not «Who does like…»)
• Who takes ibuprofen? (not «Who does take…»)

Other Subjects

For the other subjects in the present simple tense (i.e. I, you, we, they), no ‘-s‘ is added to the verb, and we use do or don’t for negative statements and questions.

Present Simple ‘to be’

The verb to be follows a different pattern to other types of verbs. We still use the ‘-s’ for third person singular (is) but we do not use do / does — rather we use is / am / are:

• First-person singular: I am
• Second-person singular: You are
• Third-person singular: He/she/it is 
• First-person plural: We are
• Second-person plural: You are
• Third-person plural: They are

Download Present Simple Form Tables

It should be noted that it is accepted to use ‘aren’t I’ rather than ‘am not I’, even though this does not fit the grammar rules.  

• Why aren’t I invited?
• I’m going to get in trouble, aren’t I?

When do we use the Present Simple Tense?

Repeated Events

A common use of the present simple tense is to describe repeated events, or what we also refer to as habits and routines. It’s quite common to use adverbs of frequency (e.g. always, often, usually etc) and expressions of repeated time (e.g. on Mondays, in the winter, every month) for habitual behaviour.

General Facts

We also use the present simple tense for general facts, or things that are always true (or at least true at the time the fact is given).

State Verbs

The present simple tense is used to talk about states, or in other words with stative verbs. This is because we do not tend to use these verbs with the present continuous tense. 

For instance, we can’t say «I am having a headache«. We say «I have a headache«.  

Talking about the future

We can also use the present simple tense to talk about the future, either the fixed future, using phrases such as next week, tomorrow, at 5pm, or after time words (e.g. when, before, after) and after if and unless. 

Stories in the past

Though we usually use past tenses for stories or narratives about the past, very occasionally we use the present simple. 

This is usually to tell a comic story or dramatic story, and using the present simple tense gives the story a sense of immediacy (making the person listening feel like they are there) or excitement. 

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Now practice or test yourself in this online Present Simple Quiz

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Verb forms – learn the 5 forms of English verbs. Verbs are like the beating of a heart, pulsing life into every sentence. The powerhouse of language, they tell us what is happening, has happened, or will happen to the subject by outlining a physical action (for example, “run”), a mental action (eg “think”), or a state of being (such as “seem”).

Combining with other parts of speech such as nouns and adjectives to create a rich tapestry of meaning, verbs are the building blocks of language and allow us to express complex ideas and emotions with ease. Every sentence contains a verb; communication without them would be much like a body without a heartbeat – dull and lifeless.

What Are Verb Forms?

Have you ever stopped to think about the different forms a verb can take? Each conveys a distinct message about action, time, and space. Take the verb “to run,” for example: “I run” conveys a simple action while “I am running” indicates that the action is happening at this precise moment. “I have run” shows that the action took place in the past, and “I have been running for” conveys that the action began in the past and continues into the present.

Why Important to Learn the Verb Forms?

Have you ever tried to complete a puzzle without all the pieces? At times, learning a new language can feel just as frustrating. However, what if we told you that understanding verb forms is the key to unlocking the secrets of language?

We can think of verb forms as the missing pieces of the language learning puzzle because they provide the context and meaning needed to fully express thoughts and ideas. Just as a chef carefully selects spices to enhance a dish, verb forms add flavor and nuance to sentences.

Imagine trying to describe a scene without verbs – the words would lie flat on the page and lack the excitement of the moment. But with the right verb form, you can paint a vivid picture of the action taking place: “I walk” is simple, but “I am walking” adds a sense of ongoing action. “I walked” conveys a completed action, while “I have been walking” adds a sense of duration to the scene.

Types of Verb Forms

Understanding the variety of verb forms is key to becoming proficient in English.

Apart from To be, all English verbs have five forms: base, third-person singular, present participle, past simple and past participle. To be, however, has eight forms, namely: be, am, is, are, was, were, being, and been. In the case of all other verbs, the way in which the past simple and past participle are formed differs according to whether the verb is regular or irregular.

Base

The base form of a verb, also known as the infinitive or root form, is the unchanged verb that describes basic actions and is used to create all other forms of the verb. This includes variations such as eat, sleep, run, love, drive, clean, speak, and so on. Example: I eat eggs almost every day.

Third-Person Singular

The third-person singular form is sometimes referred to as the “form and involves adding “s”, “es”, or “ies” to the base form of the verb. Example: She sleeps in silk pajamas.

Present Participle

The present participle is more formally known as the gerund and is formed by adding “_ing” to the base verb. It is used in the past, present and future tenses to show that the action or state has been, or is, taking place over a prolonged period. Example: He is running in the field.

Past Simple

The past simple (also known as the simple past), refers to actions and states that have taken place and have stopped. The past form of regular verbs are created by adding “ed” (for example, They loved their pet), while irregular verbs, simple past forms can differ greatly, for example, drive becomes drove, and do becomes did.

Past Participle

The past participle is used to form various tenses, including the passive and perfect voices. Regular verbs’ past participles and past tense are identical and are constructed by adding either “d or “ed”, for example, We cleaned the car and We have cleaned the car. Irregular verbs depart from this rule, so for the verb speak, we see the conjugations You spoke with the teacher and You have spoken with the teacher.

Conclusion:

Don’t underestimate the power of verb forms! The key to unlocking the secrets of language is just the right verb form away. Verbs are the life force of language, the words that resonate with energy and meaning. Without them, sentences would be flat, uninspiring, and meaningless; with them, sentences are transformed into captivating tales.

The next time you string words together, take a moment to think about the verbs you use because they are the heartbeat of language and enrich every sentence you craft. So, learn more, embrace their versatility, and unleash the full potential of your language-learning journey!

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Last Updated on February 17, 2023

(Formation of the simple present tense in English)