Vegetarians the word vegetarian was coined in about 1840

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A. Influence on people’s health B. Dependence on the environment people live in C. How to become a vegetarian without health hazard D. Pros and cons of vegetarianism E. Well-known vegetarians F. Some hidden dangers of meat-eating

1. The word «vegetarian» was coined in about 1840 to mean people who lived without killing for food, either for moral or health reasons or both. But the practice is much older than that. Greek philosophers recommended vegetarianism and famous people who have practised it in the past include Leonardo da Vinci, Tolstoy and Voltaire, Milton, Sir Isaac Newton, Sir Isaac Pitman, Tagore and Bernard Shaw. Surely this proves that mental activity does not depend on flesh-foods. What then are the arguments that might stop us eating meat?

2. For millions of years people must have lived on fruit, nuts, grains and leaves and so developed that kind of digestive system. Perhaps the more we get away from this diet towards meat-eating, the less likely we are to be healthy. Cancer, tuberculosis and heart diseases are certainly more common in meat-eating communities.

3. But if it is so unnatural for Man to have an omnivorous diet, why do we eat (and enjoy) meat at all? One theory is that Man may have started eating the flesh of animals during the Ice Ages when most of the vegetation was destroyed. Today the Eskimos still live almost entirely on flesh — they have no alternative! It is worth considering how wasteful meat-eaters are with land. A meat-eater needs about three times as much land to support himself and his animals as a vegetarian does. For every 45 kilos of dry food eaten by cattle only 1.8 – 7.3 kilos come back as food – an expensive method of producing food. So millions of people have no choice but to live mainly off vegetables.

4. Vegetarians claim that the basic food elements which we need to grow and be healthy come from the earth, air and water through vegetation. Therefore, they argue that by eating meat we are getting these foods secondhand after they have been digested by the animal. Getting food through animals also means getting chemicals and hormones used in farming and feeding animals. In fact it has been said that the average American contains so much DDT – a dangerous chemical – that he is not fit to be eaten!

5. A diet of vegetables, fruit, grains and nuts together with a little dairy produce can give us all the vitamins and minerals we need. However — a word of warning — after years of flesh-eating, giving up animal products should not be too sudden. Dairy products — milk, butter, cheese and eggs — should be used until the body is accustomed to the new diet.

1 – E
2 – A
3 – B
4 – F
5 – C

Другие языки

The
word “vegetarian” was coined in about 1840 to mean people who
lived without killing for food either for moral or health reasons, or
both. But practice is much older than that.

Greek
philosophers recommended vegetarianism and famous people who have
practiced it in the past include Leonardo da Vinci, Tolstoy,
Voltaire, Tagore and Bernard Show. Surely this proves that mental
activity does not depend on fresh-foods. What then are the arguments
that might stop us eating meat?

Man’s
body is more like those of frugivorous mammals (such as our cousins
the apes) than like those of carnivorous and even omnivorous animals.
Why? For millions of years Man must have lived on fruits, nuts,
grains and leaves and so developed that kind of digestive system.
Perhaps the more we get away from this diet towards meat-eating, the
less likely we are to be healthy. Cancer, tuberculosis and heart
disease are certainly more common in meat-eating communities.

But
if it is so unnatural for Man to have an omnivorous diet, why do we
eat (and enjoy) meat at all? One theory is that Man may have started
eating the flesh of animals during the Ice Ages when most of the
vegetation was destroyed. Today the Eskimos still live almost
entirely on flesh – they have no alternative!

Vegetarians
claim that the basic food elements which we need to grow and be
healthy come from the earth, air and water through vegetation.
Therefore they argue that by eating meat we are getting these foods
secondhand after they have been digested by the animal. (It is
interested to note that Man doesn’t eat carnivorous or even
omnivorous animals. It seems we do not enjoy receiving these food
elements thirdhand. Getting food secondhand through animals also
means getting chemicals and hormones used in farming and feeding
animals. In fact it has been said that the average American contains
so much DDT – a dangerous chemical – that he is not fit to be
eaten!)

Meat
is generally thought to be a ”first-class” protein, but in fact
it contains more water than protein, and is a very poor source of all
the other food elements – minerals, vitamins and carbohydrates.
Weight for weight tha soya bean has more of all the essential
amino-acids – and is, of course, much cheaper.

1. Read
   the text and a)answer the questions:

1. In
   which countries does the Monarch live?

2. How
   far can it travel when it migrates?

3. What
   problems does it face on its journey?

4. What
   season does it travel?

5. Why
   does it face extinction?

Monarch without a kingdom

This
November, a hundred million butterflies will drop from the sky over
Mexico, like autumn leaves. But for how long? Genetically modified
maize could mean extinction for this beautiful butterfly. Rafael Ruiz
reports.

Although
its body is about 3 cm and it only weighs 1 g, the Monarch butterfly
manages to travel 5,000 km each year. It seems to be so fragile, but
its long journeys are proof of its amazing ability to survive. This
autumn, the Monarch butterfly will once more set out on its journey
from the US. It will keep going until it reaches Mexico. (1)…

In
November, millions of Monarchs fall like bright, golden rain onto the
forests in the mountains of central Mexico. In the silence of these
mountains you can hear a strange flapping of wings, as the Monarchs
arrive at their destination. (2)…

Before
reaching their journey’s end they have faced strong winds, rain and
snowstorms and they do not all manage to reach their destination.
When the winters are really bad perhaps 70 per cent of them will not
survive. Their long journey to Mexico is thought to be one of the
most amazing events in the whole of the American continent. When they
get there they will stay until the beginning of April, when their
internal calendar tells them that it is time to go back. (3)…

These
delicate creatures now face danger of another kind – from
scientific progress. (4)…

Laboratory
experiments have shown that half of the butterflies which feed on the
leaves of genetically modified maize die within 48 hours. Not all
experts agree that this variety of maize is responsible for the
threat to the Monarchs. (5)…

Greenpeace
is campaigning against genetically modified products (in Spain, there
are already 20,000 hectares of modified maize). The environmental
organization recently published a list of 100 species of butterfly in
Europe alone which are threatened with extinction.

Five
sentences are missing from the text. Choose from the sentences A-E
the one which best fits each gap 1-5.

1. It
   travels those huge distances to escape the cold weather in the
   north.

2. In
   the US millions of farms grow genetically modified maize which is
   pure poison for the butterfly.

3. In
   the mountains, which reach a height of 3,000 meters, the butterflies
   are safe.

4. In
   spite of these doubts, the European Union has refused to approve new
   crops of genetically modified maize until further investigations
   have been carried out.

5. The
   long journey, with all its dangers, begins again.

Find
words in the text which have a similar meaning to these definitions:

1. When
   a particular kind of animal no longer exist (paragraph1)

2. Live
   in spite of danger (2)

3. Arrives
   (2)

4. The
   noise wings make as they move (3)

5. The
   start (4)

6. Something
   which tells you the time of the year (4)

7. What
   a scientist does in order to find something out (5)

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The word «vegetarian» was coined in about 1840 to mean people who lived without killing for food, either for moral or health reasons, or both. But the practice is much older than that. Greek philosophers recommended vegetarianism and famous people who have practiced it in the past include Leonardo da Vinci, Tolstoy and Voltaire, Milton, Newton and Bernard Show.
Men’s body is more like those of fruit-eating animals. For millions of years man must have lived on fruit, nuts and leaves and so developed a digestive system. Cancer, tuberculosis and heart disease are certainly more common in meat-eating communities.
Man may have started eating the flesh of animals during the Ice Age when most of the vegetation was destroyed.
A diet of vegetables, fruit, grains and nuts together with a few diary products can give us all the vitamins and minerals we need.

Interesting facts
– Ancient India is considered a homeland of vegetarian movement. It is worth noting that even today many people in “Wonderland” refuse from meat, thus making for more than 70% of the total vegetarian “population” of the planet.
– British scientists say that mostly “smart” people join vegetarians. The higher IQ, the higher the possibility that the person will become a vegetarian.
– Studies show that a diet of plant-based increases metabolism in the human body, causing the body to burn calories up to 16% faster than the body carnivore.
– In 2012, the Los Angeles City Council approved a resolution in which all Mondays in the City of Angels are meatless. This is part of an international campaign to reduce meat consumption for health benefits and environmental protection.
– Approximately 100 liters of water are needed for the production of 500 grams of wheat. About 2500 liters of water are required for the production of 500 grams of meat.
– Plants produce 10 times more protein per hectare than meat.
– Number of animals killed for meat every hour in the US alone – 500 000.
– One of the first known vegetarians was the Greek philosopher Pythagoras, who lived at the end of the 6th century AD. The term “Pythagorean diet” was widely used to determine his diet, while the term “vegetarian” was not invented in the 19th – century.
– Vegetarians were often considered as heretics and persecuted by the Inquisition in the Middle Ages.
– Leonardo da Vinci claimed that people do not have God-given right to eat animals.

Myths about vegetarianism
1) A man must eat meat to be strong.
Here are just a few examples of well-known strong vegetarians:
Bill Pearl – bodybuilding legend, the 4-time winner of Mr Universe title.
Stan Price – World record holder in weightlifting.
Bruce Lee – a master of martial arts, actor, 12-time Guinness Book record holder.
Martina Navratilova – The first racket of the world (1978-1987).
Mac Danzig – world champion in MMA.
Scott Jurek – multiple winner of marathons, including the ultra – marathon (135 miles / 216 km in the Death Valley in California – the heaviest race in the world).
Serena Williams – first racket of the world (2002, 2003, 2008).
Carl Lewis – a great athlete, a sprinter, winner of nine Olympic gold medals, recognized as “the best athlete of all time.”
Chris Campbell – Olympic wrestling champion.
Ruth Hayndrih – 6 times champion in weightlifting.
Kate Holmes – World champion (boxing).
Peter Hassing – European champion (boxing).
Bill Manetti – Champion in weightlifting.

2) Vegetarians do not have enough nutrients for mental activity
The world-renowned American inventor and businessman Thomas Edison said, “I am a vegetarian and alcohol enemy, so I can find a better use for my mind.”
Albert Einstein, being a vegetarian, said: “Nothing will bring such benefits to human health and increase the chances of survival of life on Earth, as the spread of vegetarianism.”
Such great thinkers as Pythagoras, Confucius, Socrates, Hippocrates, Plato, Plutarch, Seneca, Leonardo da Vinci, Francis Bacon, Isaac Newton, Voltaire, Benjamin Franklin, Schopenhauer, Horace, Ovid, Byron, Tolstoy and a lot of others were vegetarians.

3) Vegetarianism may lead to anemia (iron deficiency)
Besides meat (liver), dairy products and eggs, iron-containing products are oranges, peanuts, eggplant, bananas, raisins, figs, zucchini, cabbage, strawberries, cranberries, cereals (buckwheat, semolina, oats, barley, millet, rice ), corn, apricots, onions, raspberries, tangerines, almonds, carrots, seaweed, cucumber, olives, walnuts, bell peppers, peaches, parsley, tomatoes, beets, currants, soybeans, asparagus, pumpkin, fennel, beans, dates , hazelnuts, lentils, rosehips, apples, and other products.

Vegetarians – facts and myths
4) All vegetarians have unhealthy-look

Famous actress Alicia Silverstone is recognized as the sexiest vegetarian in the world. “Vegetarianism – it’s probably the best thing I’ve done in my life. I became happier and more confident. I made a decision based on my moral principles.”
Following celebrities are vegetarians: Pamela Anderson, Kim Basinger, Alec Baldwin, Richard Gere, Jim Carrey, Brad Pitt, Kate Winslet, David Duchovny, Gillian Anderson, Tom Cruise, Nicole Kidman, Brigitte Bardot, Uma Thurman, Liv Tyler, Claudia Schiffer, Orlando Bloom, Cindy Crawford, Cameron Diaz, Demi Moore, Stella McCartney (from birth), Joaquin Phoenix and many others…

Veggie bicycle

5) All doctors and nutritionists talk about the dangers of vegetarianism
When seventy-year-old George Bernard Shaw was asked about his health, he replied: “Fine, fine, only doctors bother me, claiming I would die because I do not eat meat.”
When ninety-year-old Shaw was asked the same question, he replied: “Fine. There are no more worries. All doctors who tortured me, saying I cannot live without meat, have died. ”
Albert Schweitzer (known physician missionary, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1952): “We must fight against the spirit of unconscious cruelty with which we treat the animals. Animals suffer as much as we do. True humanity does not allow us to impose such sufferings on them. It is our duty to make the whole world recognize it. Until we extend our circle of compassion to all living things, humanity will not find peace.”
… He has to look into the eyes of the animal, to see his tears until it dies – it is possible to hope that the man’s heart changes (Bava Muhayadden).

Live in peace

Think about animals

Vocabulary.        Topic
“Stress” (Health).

To be linked – to be
connected;

Defence – protection;

To release – to liberate,
to deliver;

To trigger – (to trig) – to
stop, to restrain;

To relieve – to ease;

To increase – to
intensify, to strengthen;

To decrease – to lower;

Ulcer – a stomach disease;

The supply – a provision;

To reduce – to lower;

Mucus – phlegm;

To expose – to display, to
exhibit;

Available – accessible;

Inflammation – a process
of the parts of the body which signalized that some disease or virus invades
them.

To heal – to cure, to
recover;

Injury – wound.

1.   
Say true or false:

1)           
In face of danger hormones are
released.

2)           
The modern stress isn’t usually
prolonged.

3)           
Driving is not a cause of stress.

4)           
Adrenaline is a hormone of both
animals and men.

5)           
During stress the blood supply to
the stomach decreases.

6)           
The blood supply to the muscles
increases blood pressure.

7)           
Sugar is the cause of the heart
trouble.

           
Decreasing inflammation we don’t
decrease the immune responses.

9)           
When injured pain starts later.

2.   
Answer the questions:

1)           
What is the result of decreasing
the blood supply to the stomach?

2)           
Where does the hormone adrenaline
come from?

3)           
What is modern stress?

4)           
What hardens the arteries?

5)           
Glucocorticoids are: hormones,
chemicals, blood vessels.

3.   
Finish the sentences:

1)           
Hormones are automatically
released to mobilize…

2)           
Its most important effect is to
increase…

3)           
People under stress have reduced…

4)           
Under stress the body releases
natural opiates, similar to morphine, these…

3.
Finish the sentences:

1)
Hormones are automatically released to mobilize…

2)
Its most important effect is to increase…

3)
People under stress have reduced…

4)
Under stress the body releases natural opiates, similar to morphine, these…

The word “vegetarian” was
coined in about 1840 to mean people who lived without killing for food, either
for moral or health reasons or both. But the practice is much older than that.
Greek philosophers recommended vegetarianism and famous people who have
practiced it in the past include Leonardo da Vinci, Tolstoy, Milton, Newton
and Bernard Show. Surely this proves that mental activity does not depend on
flesh foods. Man’s body is more like those of fruit-eating animals. For
millions of years man must have lived on fruit, nuts and leaves and so
developed a digestive system. Cancer, tuberculosis and heart disease are
certainly more common in meat-eating communities. Man may have started eating
the flesh of animals during the Ice Age when most of the vegetation was
destroyed. A diet of vegetables, fruit, grains and nuts together with a few
diary products can give us all the vitamins and minerals we need. By eating
meat we are getting the basic food elements secondhand after they have been
digested by the animal.

The word “vegetarian” was
coined in about 1840 to mean people who lived without killing for food, either
for moral or health reasons or both. But the practice is much older than that.
Greek philosophers recommended vegetarianism and famous people who have
practiced it in the past include Leonardo da Vinci, Tolstoy, Milton, Newton
and Bernard Show. Surely this proves that mental activity does not depend on
flesh foods. Man’s body is more like those of fruit-eating animals. For
millions of years man must have lived on fruit, nuts and leaves and so
developed a digestive system. Cancer, tuberculosis and heart disease are
certainly more common in meat-eating communities. Man may have started eating
the flesh of animals during the Ice Age when most of the vegetation was
destroyed. A diet of vegetables, fruit, grains and nuts together with a few
diary products can give us all the vitamins and minerals we need. By eating
meat we are getting the basic food elements secondhand after they have been
digested by the animal.

The word “vegetarian” was
coined in about 1840 to mean people who lived without killing for food, either
for moral or health reasons or both. But the practice is much older than that.
Greek philosophers recommended vegetarianism and famous people who have
practiced it in the past include Leonardo da Vinci, Tolstoy, Milton, Newton
and Bernard Show. Surely this proves that mental activity does not depend on
flesh foods. Man’s body is more like those of fruit-eating animals. For
millions of years man must have lived on fruit, nuts and leaves and so
developed a digestive system. Cancer, tuberculosis and heart disease are
certainly more common in meat-eating communities. Man may have started eating
the flesh of animals during the Ice Age when most of the vegetation was
destroyed. A diet of vegetables, fruit, grains and nuts together with a few
diary products can give us all the vitamins and minerals we need. By eating
meat we are getting the basic food elements secondhand after they have been
digested by the animal.

The word “vegetarian” was
coined in about 1840 to mean people who lived without killing for food, either
for moral or health reasons or both. But the practice is much older than that.
Greek philosophers recommended vegetarianism and famous people who have
practiced it in the past include Leonardo da Vinci, Tolstoy, Milton, Newton
and Bernard Show. Surely this proves that mental activity does not depend on
flesh foods. Man’s body is more like those of fruit-eating animals. For
millions of years man must have lived on fruit, nuts and leaves and so
developed a digestive system. Cancer, tuberculosis and heart disease are
certainly more common in meat-eating communities. Man may have started eating
the flesh of animals during the Ice Age when most of the vegetation was destroyed.
A diet of vegetables, fruit, grains and nuts together with a few diary products
can give us all the vitamins and minerals we need. By eating meat we are
getting the basic food elements secondhand after they have been digested by the
animal.

The word “vegetarian” was
coined in about 1840 to mean people who lived without killing for food, either
for moral or health reasons or both. But the practice is much older than that.
Greek philosophers recommended vegetarianism and famous people who have practiced
it in the past include Leonardo da Vinci, Tolstoy, Milton, Newton and Bernard
Show. Surely this proves that mental activity does not depend on flesh foods.
Man’s body is more like those of fruit-eating animals. For millions of years
man must have lived on fruit, nuts and leaves and so developed a digestive
system. Cancer, tuberculosis and heart disease are certainly more common in
meat-eating communities. Man may have started eating the flesh of animals
during the Ice Age when most of the vegetation was destroyed. A diet of
vegetables, fruit, grains and nuts together with a few diary products can give
us all the vitamins and minerals we need. By eating meat we are getting the
basic food elements secondhand after they have been digested by the animal.

1.            
Say true or false:

1)           
“Vegetarian” means people who live
without killing for food.

2)           
Tolstoy was not a vegetarian.

3)           
Mental activity surely depends on
flesh foods.

4)           
Man’s body is more like those of
meat-eating animals.

5)           
Cancer is a meat-eating disease.

6)           
A diet of vegetables can give us
all the vitamins we need.

2.            
 Answer the questions:

1)           
What does the word “vegetarian”
mean?

2)           
Does the mental activity depend on
flesh foods?

3)           
Do people firstly live on fruit or
on flesh?

4)           
What diet is better: flesh or
fruit and vegetable?

3.            
 Finish the sentences:

1)           
The word “vegetarian” means the
people who lived without…

2)           
This proves that mental activity
does not…

3)           
Man’s body is more like those…

4)           
The diet of vegetables can give
us…

1.   
Say the words with the same
roots and translate them:

To
kill, moral, health, destroy, digest.

2.   
Match the appropriate
prefixes and suffixes with the roots and translate the results:

 -ity, 
-ism,  -ly,  —,

Sure,
active, certain, flesh, vegetarian,

3.   
Find in the text the
appropriate nouns and verbs to the following words:

Life,
inclusion, act, dependence, development, production,

   *Work in pairs!

Make the nouns from the
verbs and translate them:

To reason, to practice,

              
*Work in pairs!

Make the nouns from the
verbs and translate them:

                     
To reason, to practice,

              
*Work in pairs!

Make the nouns from the
verbs and translate them:

                         
to need, to flesh,

                
*Work in pairs!

Make the nouns from the
verbs and translate them:

                               
to act, to start,

              
*Work in pairs!

Make the nouns from the
verbs and translate them:

                            
to need, to flesh,

                    
*Work in pairs!

Make the nouns from the
verbs and translate them:

                       to
need, to practice

                      
*Work in pairs!

Make the nouns from the
verbs and translate them:

                                    
to act, to start,

The word “vegetarian” was
coined in about 1840 to mean people who lived without killing for food, either
for moral or health reasons or both. But the practice is much older than that.
Greek philosophers recommended vegetarianism and famous people who have
practiced it in the past include Leonardo da Vinci, Tolstoy, Milton, Newton
and Bernard Show. Surely this proves that mental activity does not depend on
flesh foods. Man’s body is more like those of fruit-eating animals. For
millions of years man must have lived on fruit, nuts and leaves and so
developed a digestive system. Cancer, tuberculosis and heart disease are
certainly more common in meat-eating communities. Man may have started eating
the flesh of animals during the Ice Age when most of the vegetation was
destroyed. A diet of vegetables, fruit, grains and nuts together with a few
diary products can give us all the vitamins and minerals we need. By eating
meat we are getting the basic food elements secondhand after they have been
digested by the animal.

The word “vegetarian” was
coined in about 1840 to mean people who lived without killing for food, either
for moral or health reasons or both. But the practice is much older than that.
Greek philosophers recommended vegetarianism and famous people who have practiced
it in the past include Leonardo da Vinci, Tolstoy, Milton, Newton and Bernard
Show. Surely this proves that mental activity does not depend on flesh foods.
Man’s body is more like those of fruit-eating animals. For millions of years
man must have lived on fruit, nuts and leaves and so developed a digestive
system. Cancer, tuberculosis and heart disease are certainly more common in
meat-eating communities. Man may have started eating the flesh of animals
during the Ice Age when most of the vegetation was destroyed. A diet of
vegetables, fruit, grains and nuts together with a few diary products can give
us all the vitamins and minerals we need. By eating meat we are getting the
basic food elements secondhand after they have been digested by the animal.

The word “vegetarian” was
coined in about 1840 to mean people who lived without killing for food, either
for moral or health reasons or both. But the practice is much older than that.
Greek philosophers recommended vegetarianism and famous people who have practiced
it in the past include Leonardo da Vinci, Tolstoy, Milton, Newton and Bernard
Show. Surely this proves that mental activity does not depend on flesh foods.
Man’s body is more like those of fruit-eating animals. For millions of years
man must have lived on fruit, nuts and leaves and so developed a digestive
system. Cancer, tuberculosis and heart disease are certainly more common in
meat-eating communities. Man may have started eating the flesh of animals
during the Ice Age when most of the vegetation was destroyed. A diet of
vegetables, fruit, grains and nuts together with a few diary products can give
us all the vitamins and minerals we need. By eating meat we are getting the
basic food elements secondhand after they have been digested by the animal.

The word “vegetarian” was
coined in about 1840 to mean people who lived without killing for food, either
for moral or health reasons or both. But the practice is much older than that.
Greek philosophers recommended vegetarianism and famous people who have
practiced it in the past include Leonardo da Vinci, Tolstoy, Milton, Newton
and Bernard Show. Surely this proves that mental activity does not depend on
flesh foods. Man’s body is more like those of fruit-eating animals. For
millions of years man must have lived on fruit, nuts and leaves and so
developed a digestive system. Cancer, tuberculosis and heart disease are
certainly more common in meat-eating communities. Man may have started eating
the flesh of animals during the Ice Age when most of the vegetation was
destroyed. A diet of vegetables, fruit, grains and nuts together with a few
diary products can give us all the vitamins and minerals we need. By eating
meat we are getting the basic food elements secondhand after they have been
digested by the animal.

VEGETARIAN

PHILOSOPHER

GREEK

     PRACTICE

MENTAL

TUBER-

          CULOSES

THE ICE AGE

   PRODUCT

     VITAMIN

MINERAL            

          DIET

SECONDHAND

   ELEMENT

To RECOMMEND

The
immune system is your frontline of defence against diseases ranging from the
common cold to cancer and it won’t look after itself. If you find you suffer
from repeated infections, then may be it’s time to give your immune system a
bit more muscles.

The
environment in which we live is seething with a host of viruses, bacteria and
parasites, all eager to colonise the human body.   (Why do people suffer
from repeated diseases and what they must do?)

Stress
(for example, students during exam time have weaker immune system than that in
long summer break).

Mood
(angry, self-centered people get worse cold than people who are cheerful and
positive).

Diets.
Not all the kinds of diets are good for our health. We must think not only
about our weight, but also about minerals and vitamins.

Environmental
problems. Different kinds of pollution (air, water, soil pollution) are great
harm to our health. Of all forms of pollution, the most aggressive is the
constant noise in the street and even inside a building (factory, office, shop,
school). 

—
Exercises and relaxation are very good ways to deal with diseases.

—
Sport.

—
Good mood (positive emotions).

—
The most powerful weapon in strengthening immunity is nutrition (food full of
vitamins: C, E, zinc and iron).

Health
is above wealth.

An
apple a day keeps the doctor away.

Early
to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.

                 
*Work in pairs!

Make the nouns from the
verbs and translate them:

                       
To aid, to risk,

                 
*Work in pairs!

Make the nouns from the
verbs and translate them:

                    
 to flood, to supply,

                 
*Work in pairs!

Make the nouns from the
verbs and translate them:

                     
to effect, to release,

                 
*Work in pairs!

Make the nouns from the
verbs and translate them:

                       to
deposit, to risk,

                
*Work in pairs!

Make the nouns from the
verbs and translate them:

                     
to deposit, to risk,

                 
*Work in pairs!

Make the nouns from the
verbs and translate them:

to
flood, to result

                 
*Work in pairs!

Make the nouns from the
verbs and translate them:

                 To aid, to
supply

1. Say the words with the same roots and translate them:

Danger,
action, to prolong, to reduce, to expose, resistance, to discourage,
inflammation.

2. Match the appropriate prefixes and suffixes with the
roots and translate the results:

–y,  
—  ,   -ment,    -en,   over- ,   -ion,   -ure,

To
move, to injure, hard, fat, to work, to protect,

to
recover, to press, to cause, fright

3. Find in the text the appropriate nouns and verbs to
the following words:

To
defend, present, relief, increase, decrease,

to
respond.

Health.

Stress: its kinds and effects.

Listening!

What are the most effective ways of keeping man’s body in good
condition?

Try to find the Russian equivalents to the words:

        Hormone Automatically

          Mobilize

Adrenaline

               Gland

Effect

             Muscles

Gastric

              Acid

Artery

          Chemical

Immune

             Opiate

Morphine

            Deposit

Choose the eight headings from the list of ten possible headings below:

—                                           
pain;

—                                           
infection;

—                                           
high blood pressure;

—                                           
ulcers;

—                                           
doing exercises;

—                                           
modern stress;

—                                           
adrenaline;

—                                           
primitive stress;

—                                           
stomach;

—                                           
hardening arteries.

* What kinds
and effects of stress can you observe?