Vba word if else if

Если то

Операторы If в VBA позволяют проверять, являются ли выражения ИСТИННЫМИ или ЛОЖНЫМИ, выполняя другой код в зависимости от результатов.Давайте посмотрим на простой пример:

1	Если Range («a2»). Value> 0, то Range («b2»). Value = «Positive»

Это проверяет, больше ли значение в диапазоне A2, чем 0. Если да, установите для диапазона B2 значение «Положительный».Примечание: при тестировании условий мы будем использовать операторы сравнения =,>, <,, =. Подробнее о них мы поговорим позже в статье.Вот синтаксис простого однострочного оператора If:

1	Если [test_expression], то [действие]

Чтобы упростить чтение, вы можете использовать символ продолжения строки (подчеркивание), чтобы расширить операторы If до двух строк (как мы это сделали на рисунке выше):

12	Если [test_expression], то _[действие]

12	Если Range («a2»). Value> 0 Then _Диапазон («b2»). Значение = «Положительное»

Конец, если

Приведенный выше «однострочный» оператор if хорошо работает, когда вы проверяете одно условие. Но по мере того, как ваши операторы IF усложняются с несколькими условиями, вам нужно будет добавить «End If» в конец оператора if:

123	Если Range («a2»). Value> 0, тоДиапазон («b2»). Значение = «Положительное»Конец, если

Вот синтаксис:

123	Если [test_expression], то[действие]Конец, если

End If означает конец оператора if.

Теперь давайте добавим ElseIF:

ElseIF — несколько условий

ElseIf добавляется к существующему оператору If. ElseIf проверяет выполнение условия ТОЛЬКО если предыдущие условия не были выполнены.В предыдущем примере мы проверили, положительное ли значение ячейки. Теперь мы также проверим, является ли значение ячейки отрицательным с помощью ElseIf:

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Если Range («a2»). Value> 0, тоДиапазон («b2»). Значение = «Положительное»ElseIf Range («a2»). Значение <0 ТогдаДиапазон («b2»). Значение = «Отрицательное»Конец, если

Вы можете использовать несколько ElseIf для проверки нескольких условий:

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Sub If_Multiple_Conditions ()Если Range («a2»). Value = «Cat», тоДиапазон («b2»). Значение = «Мяу»ElseIf Range («a2»). Value = «Dog» ТогдаДиапазон («b2»). Значение = «Гав»ElseIf Range («a2»). Value = «Duck» ТогдаДиапазон («b2»). Значение = «Кряк»Конец, еслиКонец подписки

Теперь мы добавим Еще:

Еще

В Еще будет работать, если никакие другие предыдущие условия не были выполнены.

Мы закончим наш пример, используя Else, чтобы указать, что если значение ячейки не является положительным или отрицательным, то оно должно быть равно нулю:

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Если Range («a2»). Value> 0, тоДиапазон («b2»). Значение = «Положительное»ElseIf Range («a2»). Значение <0 ТогдаДиапазон («b2»). Значение = «Отрицательное»ЕщеДиапазон («b2»). Значение = «Ноль»Конец, если

Если еще

Самый распространенный тип оператора If — это простой If-Else:

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Sub If_Else ()Если Range («a2»). Value> 0, тоДиапазон («b2»). Значение = «Положительное»ЕщеДиапазон («b2»). Значение = «Не положительное»Конец, еслиКонец подписки

Вложенные IF

Вы также можете «вкладывать» операторы if друг в друга.

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Sub Nested_Ifs ()Если Range («a2»). Value> 0, тоДиапазон («b2»). Значение = «Положительное»ЕщеЕсли Range («a2»). Value <0 ThenДиапазон («b2»). Значение = «Отрицательное»ЕщеДиапазон («b2»). Значение = «Ноль»Конец, еслиКонец, еслиКонец подписки

ЕСЛИ — Или, И, Xor, Не

Далее мы обсудим логические операторы: Or, And, Xor, Not.

Я для

В Или оператор проверяет, если как минимум одно условие выполнено.

Следующий код проверяет, является ли значение в диапазоне A2 меньше 5000 или больше 10000:

123	Если Диапазон («a2»). Значение 10000 ТогдаДиапазон («b2»). Значение = «Вне диапазона»Конец, если

Вы можете включить несколько Ор в одну строку:

123	Если Диапазон («a2»). Значение 10000 Или Диапазон («a2»). Значение = 9999 ТогдаДиапазон («b2»). Значение = «Вне диапазона»Конец, если

Если вы собираетесь использовать несколько OR, рекомендуется использовать символ продолжения строки, чтобы облегчить чтение кода:

123456

Если Диапазон («a2»). Значение <5000 или _Диапазон («a2»). Значение> 10000 или _Диапазон («a2»). Значение = 9999 ТогдаДиапазон («b2»). Значение = «Вне диапазона»Конец, если

Если и

Оператор And позволяет проверить, ВСЕ условия соблюдены.

123	Если Range («a2»). Value> = 5000 And Range («a2»). Value <= 10000 ThenДиапазон («b2»). Значение = «В диапазоне»Конец, если

Если Xor

Оператор Xor позволяет проверить, выполняется ровно одно условие. Если соблюдаются нулевые условия, Xor вернет FALSE, если два или более условий выполнены, Xor также вернет false.

Я редко видел, чтобы Xor использовался в программировании на VBA.

Если не

Оператор Not используется для преобразования FALSE в TRUE или TRUE в FALSE:

123	Sub IF_Not ()MsgBox Not (True)Конец подписки

Обратите внимание, что для переключения оператора Not требуется скобка, заключающая выражение.

Оператор Not также может применяться к операторам If:

123	Если нет (Диапазон («a2»). Значение> = 5000 и диапазон («a2»). Значение <= 10000), тоДиапазон («b2»). Значение = «Вне диапазона»Конец, если

Если сравнения

При сравнении обычно используется один из операторов сравнения:

Оператор сравнения	Объяснение
=	Равно
	Не равно
>	Больше чем
>=	Больше или равно
<	Меньше, чем
<=	Меньше или равно

Однако вы также можете использовать любое выражение или функция что приводит к ИСТИНА или ЛОЖЬ

Если — логическая функция

При построении выражений для операторов If вы также можете использовать любую функцию, которая генерирует TRUE или False. VBA имеет несколько из этих функций:

Функция	Описание
IsDate	Возвращает ИСТИНА, если выражение является допустимой датой.
Пустой	Проверьте наличие пустых ячеек или неопределенных переменных
IsError	Проверить значения ошибок
Нулевой	Проверить значение NULL
IsNumeric	Проверить числовое значение

Их можно назвать так:

1	Если IsEmpty (Range («A1»). Value), то MsgBox «Cell Empty»

В Excel также есть много дополнительных функций, которые можно вызывать с помощью WorksheetFunction. Вот пример функции Excel IsText:

12	Если Application.WorksheetFunction.IsText (Range («a2»). Value), то _MsgBox «Ячейка — это текст»

Вы также можете создавать свои собственные определяемые пользователем функции (UDF). Ниже мы создадим простую логическую функцию, возвращающую ИСТИНА. Затем мы вызовем эту функцию в нашем операторе If:

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Sub If_Function ()Если TrueFunction, тоMsgBox «True»Конец, еслиКонец подпискиФункция TrueFunction () как логическое значениеTrueFunction = TrueКонечная функция

Сравнение текста

Вы также можете сравнить текст, аналогично сравнению чисел:

Сравнивая текст, вы должны помнить о «регистре» (верхний или нижний). По умолчанию VBA считает буквы с разными регистрами несоответствующими. Другими словами, «А» «а».Если вы хотите, чтобы VBA игнорировал регистр, вы должны добавить объявление Option Compare Text в верхнюю часть модуля:

После этого объявления «А» = «а»:

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Вариант Сравнить текстSub If_Text ()MsgBox «a» = «A»Конец подписки

VBA, если нравится

Оператор Like VBA позволяет проводить неточные сравнения текста. Щелкните ссылку «Like Operator», чтобы узнать больше, но мы покажем базовый пример ниже:

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Dim strName as StringstrName = «Мистер Чарльз»Если strName Like «Mr *» ТогдаMsgBox «True»ЕщеMsgBox «False»Конец, если

Здесь мы используем подстановочный знак звездочки «*». * Обозначает любое количество любых символов. Таким образом, приведенный выше оператор If вернет ИСТИНА. Оператор Like — чрезвычайно мощный, но часто недостаточно используемый инструмент для работы с текстом.

Если петли

Циклы VBA позволяют повторять действия. Комбинирование IF-ELSE с циклами — отличный способ быстро обработать многие вычисления.

Продолжая наш пример Положительного / Отрицательного, мы добавим цикл For Each Loop для перебора диапазона ячеек:

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Sub If_Loop ()Тусклая ячейка как диапазонДля каждой ячейки в диапазоне («A2: A6»)Если Cell.Value> 0, тоCell.Offset (0, 1) .Value = «Положительный»ElseIf Cell.Value <0 ТогдаCell.Offset (0, 1) .Value = «Отрицательное»ЕщеCell.Offset (0, 1) .Value = «Ноль»Конец, еслиСледующая ячейкаКонец подписки

Если остальные примеры

Теперь перейдем к более конкретным примерам.

Проверить, пуста ли ячейка

Этот код проверяет, пуста ли ячейка. Если он пуст, он проигнорирует ячейку. Если он не пустой, он выведет значение ячейки в ячейку справа:

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Sub If_Cell_Empty ()Если Range («a2»). Value «» ThenДиапазон («b2»). Значение = Диапазон («a2»). ЗначениеКонец, еслиКонец подписки

Проверьте, содержит ли ячейка определенный текст

Функция Instr проверяет, найдена ли строка текста в другой строке. Используйте его с оператором If, чтобы проверить, содержит ли ячейка определенный текст:

123	Если Instr (Range («A2»). Value, «text»)> 0, тоMsgbox «Текст найден»Конец, если

Проверить, содержит ли ячейка текст

Этот код проверит, является ли ячейка текстом:

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Sub If_Cell_Is_Text ()Если Application.WorksheetFunction.IsText (Range («a2»). Value), тоMsgBox «Ячейка — это текст»Конец, еслиКонец подписки

Если Goto

Вы можете использовать результат оператора If, чтобы «перейти к» другому разделу кода.

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Sub IfGoTo ()Если IsError (Cell.value), тоПерейти к пропускуКонец, если’Некоторый кодПропускать:Конец подписки

Удалить строку, если ячейка пуста

Используя If и циклы, вы можете проверить, пуста ли ячейка, и, если да, удалить всю строку.

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Sub DeleteRowIfCellBlank ()Тусклая ячейка как диапазонДля каждой ячейки в диапазоне («A2: A10»)Если Cell.Value = «» Тогда Cell.EntireRow.DeleteСледующая ячейкаКонец подписки

Если MessageBox Да / Нет

С помощью окон сообщений VBA вы можете попросить пользователя выбрать один из нескольких вариантов. Окно сообщения Да / Нет предлагает пользователю выбрать Да или Нет. Вы можете добавить Окно сообщения Да / Нет в процедуру, чтобы спросить пользователя, хотят ли они продолжить выполнение процедуры или нет. Вы обрабатываете ввод пользователя с помощью оператора If.Вот окно сообщения Да / Нет на практике:

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Sub MsgBoxVariable ()Тусклый ответ как целое числоanswer = MsgBox («Продолжить?», vbQuestion + vbYesNo)Если answer = vb Да ТогдаMsgBox «Да»ЕщеMsgBox «Нет»Конец, еслиКонец подписки

VBA If, ElseIf, Else в Access VBA

Функции If, ElseIf и Else в Access VBA работают точно так же, как и в Excel VBA.

Вы можете использовать оператор If, чтобы проверить, есть ли записи в наборе записей.

Author: Oscar Cronquist Article last updated on February 07, 2022

This article demonstrates how to use the If … Then statement in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). You can combine the If … Then statement with Else and ElseIf to make it more versatile and create more advanced conditions.

1. How to use the If … then statement

The picture above demonstrates an If … Then statement using a condition, you can use logical operators like the:

• < less than sign
• > greater than sign
• = equal sign
• <> not equal signs meaning a smaller than and a larger than sign combined.

This particular example checks if the value in B3 is smaller than the value in cell D3. If true the If statement runs the remaining code after the Then statement, in this case, it shows a message box with text Value1 is smaller than Value2. See the image above.

VBA code

'Name macro
Sub Macro1()

'If ... Then statement
If Range("B3") < Range("D3") Then MsgBox "Value1 is smaller than Value2"

'Stop macro
End Sub

Where to put the code?

How to run a macro?

Back top

1.1 If … Then condition: larger than

VBA code

'Name macro
Sub Macro1()

'If ... Then statement
If Range("B3") > Range("D3") Then MsgBox "Value1 is larger than Value2"

'Stop macro
End Sub

Where to put the code?

How to run a macro?

Back top

1.2 If … Then condition: equal to

VBA code

'Name macro
Sub Macro1()

'If ... Then statement
If Range("B3") = Range("D3") Then MsgBox "Value1 is equal to Value2"

'Stop macro
End Sub

Where to put the code?

How to run a macro?

Back top

1.3 If … Then condition: not equal to

VBA code

'Name macro
Sub Macro1()

'If ... Then statement
If Range("B3") <> Range("D3") Then MsgBox "Value1 is not equal to Value2"

'Stop macro
End Sub

Where to put the code?

How to run a macro?

Back to top

2. How to use the If … Then … End If statement

The If … Then … End If statement allows you to run multiple lines of code, the End if statement tells the subroutine when the lines have been run and the If … Then … End if statement is completed.

2.1 VBA code

'Name macro
Sub Macro2()

'If ... Then ... Endif statement
If Range("B3") < Range("D3") Then

'Save number 45 to cell E3 in current worksheet
Range("E3") = 45

'Show message box
MsgBox "Value1 is smaller than Value2"

End if

'Stop macro
End Sub

The subroutine above saves the number 45 to cell E3 if the value in cell B3 is smaller than the value in D3.

The msgbox function then displays a dialog box containing the message Value1 is smaller than Value2.

Where to put the code?

How to run a macro?

Back to top

3. How to use the If … Then … Else … End if statement

The ELSE statement allows you to run code if the logical expression is not met.

3.1 VBA code

'Name macro
Sub Macro3()

'If ... Then ... Else ... Endif statement
If Range("B3") < Range("D3") Then

    'Display message box
    MsgBox "Value1 is smaller than Value2"
Else

    'Display message box
    MsgBox "Value1 is not smaller than Value2"
End If

'Stop macro
End Sub

Where to put the code?

How to run a macro?

Back to top

4. How to use the If … Then … Elseif … Else … Endif statement

The ELSEIF statement lets you create another logical expression, you may have multiple ELSEIFs in the statement.

4.1 VBA code

'Name macro
Sub Macro4()
'If ... Then ... ElseIf ... Else ... Endif statement
If Range("B3") < Range("D3") Then

    'Display message box
    MsgBox "Value1 is smaller than Value2"
ElseIf Range("B3") = Range("D3") Then

    'Display message box
    MsgBox "Value1 is equal to Value2"
Else

    'Display message box
    MsgBox "Value1 is larger than Value2"
End If

'Stop macro
End Sub

Where to put the code?

How to run a macro?

Back to top

5. Where to put the VBA code?

1. Copy the VBA macro code.
2. Press Alt and F11 to open the Visual Basic Editor (VBE).
3. Press with left mouse button on «Insert» on the top menu.
4. Press with left mouse button on «Module», see the image above.
5. A new module is inserted, see the Project Explorer above.
6. Paste the VBA macro code to the code module.
7. Exit VBE and return to Excel.

6. How to run a VBA macro

1. Press Alt and F8, a dialog box appears.
2. Select the macro you want to run.
3. Press with left mouse button on «Run» button.

Get Excel *.xlsm macro-enabled file

IF THEN ELSE ENDIF.xlsm

Back to top

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VBA If Statement

If Then

VBA If Statements allow you to test if expressions are TRUE or FALSE, running different code based on the results.

Let’s look at a simple example:

If Range("a2").Value > 0 Then Range("b2").Value = "Positive"

This tests if the value in Range A2 is greater than 0. If so, setting Range B2 equal to “Positive”

Note: When testing conditions we will use the =, >, <, <>, <=, >= comparison operators. We will discuss them in more detail later in the article.

Here is the syntax for a simple one-line If statement:

If [test_expression] then [action]

To make it easier to read, you can use a Line Continuation character (underscore) to expand the If Statements to two lines (as we did in the above picture):

If [test_expression] then _
    [action]

If Range("a2").Value > 0 Then _
   Range("b2").Value = "Positive"

End If

The above “single-line” if statement works well when you are testing one condition. But as your IF Statements become more complicated with multiple conditions, you will need to add an “End If” to the end of the if statement:

If Range("a2").Value > 0 Then
  Range("b2").Value = "Positive"
End If

Here the syntax is:

If [test_expression] then
  [action]
End If

The End If signifies the end of the if statement.

Now let’s add in an ElseIF:

ElseIF – Multiple Conditions

The ElseIf is added to an existing If statement. ElseIf tests if a condition is met ONLY if the previous conditions have not been met.

In the previous example we tested if a cell value is positive. Now we will also test if the cell value is negative with an ElseIf:

If Range("a2").Value > 0 Then
    Range("b2").Value = "Positive"
ElseIf Range("a2").Value < 0 Then
    Range("b2").Value = "Negative"
End If

You can use multiple ElseIfs to test for multiple conditions:

Sub If_Multiple_Conditions()

    If Range("a2").Value = "Cat" Then
        Range("b2").Value = "Meow"
    ElseIf Range("a2").Value = "Dog" Then
        Range("b2").Value = "Woof"
    ElseIf Range("a2").Value = "Duck" Then
        Range("b2").Value = "Quack"
    End If

End Sub

Now we will add an Else:

Else

The Else will run if no other previous conditions have been met.

We will finish our example by using an Else to indicate that if the cell value is not positive or negative, then it must be zero:

If Range("a2").Value > 0 Then
    Range("b2").Value = "Positive"
ElseIf Range("a2").Value < 0 Then
    Range("b2").Value = "Negative"
Else
    Range("b2").Value = "Zero"
End If

If-Else

The most common type of If statement is a simple If-Else:

Sub If_Else()
    If Range("a2").Value > 0 Then
        Range("b2").Value = "Positive"
    Else
        Range("b2").Value = "Not Positive"
    End If
End Sub

Nested IFs

You can also “nest” if statements inside of each other.

Sub Nested_Ifs()
    If Range("a2").Value > 0 Then
        Range("b2").Value = "Positive"
    Else
        If Range("a2").Value < 0 Then
            Range("b2").Value = "Negative"
        Else
            Range("b2").Value = "Zero"
        End If
    End If
End Sub

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IF – Or, And, Xor, Not

Next we will discuss the logical operators: Or, And, Xor, Not.

If Or

The Or operator tests if at least one condition is met.

The following code will test if the value in Range A2 is less than 5,000 or greater than 10,000:

If Range("a2").Value < 5000 Or Range("a2").Value > 10000 Then
    Range("b2").Value = "Out of Range"
End If

You can include multiple Ors in one line:

If Range("a2").Value < 5000 Or Range("a2").Value > 10000 Or Range("a2").Value = 9999 Then
    Range("b2").Value = "Out of Range"
End If

If you are going to use multiple Ors, it’s recommended to use a line continuation character to make your code easier to read:

If Range("a2").Value < 5000 Or _
   Range("a2").Value > 10000 Or _
   Range("a2").Value = 9999 Then

       Range("b2").Value = "Out of Range"
End If

If And

The And operator allows you to test if ALL conditions are met.

If Range("a2").Value >= 5000 And Range("a2").Value <= 10000 Then
    Range("b2").Value = "In Range"
End If

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If Xor

The Xor operator allows you to test if exactly one condition is met. If zero conditions are met Xor will return FALSE, If two or more conditions are met, Xor will also return false.

I’ve rarely seen Xor used in VBA programming.

If Not

The Not operator is used to convert FALSE to TRUE or TRUE To FALSE:

Sub IF_Not()
    MsgBox Not (True)
End Sub

Notice that the Not operator requires parenthesis surrounding the expression to switch.

The Not operator can also be applied to If statements:

If Not (Range("a2").Value >= 5000 And Range("a2").Value <= 10000) Then
    Range("b2").Value = "Out of Range"
End If

If Comparisons

When making comparisons, you will usually use one of the comparison operators:

Comparison Operator	Explanation
=	Equal to
<>	Not Equal to
>	Greater than
>=	Greater than or Equal to
<	Less than
<=	Less than or Equal to

However, you can also use any expression or function that results in TRUE or FALSE

If – Boolean Function

When build expressions for If Statements, you can also use any function that generates TRUE or False.  VBA has a few of these functions:

Function	Description
IsDate	Returns TRUE if expression is a valid date
IsEmpty	Check for blank cells or undefined variables
IsError	Check for error values
IsNull	Check for NULL Value
IsNumeric	Check for numeric value

They can be called like this:

If IsEmpty(Range("A1").Value) Then MsgBox "Cell Empty"

Excel also has many additional functions that can be called using WorksheetFunction. Here’s an example of the Excel IsText Function:

If Application.WorksheetFunction.IsText(Range("a2").Value) Then _ 
   MsgBox "Cell is Text"

You can also create your own User Defined Functions (UDFs). Below we will create a simple Boolean function that returns TRUE. Then we will call that function in our If statement:

Sub If_Function()

If TrueFunction Then
    MsgBox "True"
End If

End Sub

Function TrueFunction() As Boolean
    TrueFunction = True
End Function

Comparing Text

You can also compare text similar to comparing numbers:

Msgbox "a" = "b"

Msgbox "a" = "a"

When comparing text, you must be mindful of the “Case” (upper or lower).  By default, VBA considers letters with different cases as non-matching.  In other words, “A” <> “a”.

If you’d like VBA to ignore case, you must add the Option Compare Text declaration to the top of your module:

Option Compare Text

After making that declaration “A” = “a”:

Option Compare Text

Sub If_Text()
   MsgBox "a" = "A"
End Sub

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VBA If Like

The VBA Like Operator allows you to make inexact comparisons of text. Click the “Like Operator” link to learn more, but we will show a basic example below:

Dim strName as String
strName = "Mr. Charles"

If strName Like "Mr*" Then
    MsgBox "True"
Else
    MsgBox "False"
End If

Here we’re using an asterisk “*” wildcard. The * stands for any number of any characters.  So the above If statement will return TRUE.  The Like operator is an extremely powerful, but often under-used tool for dealing with text.

If Loops

VBA Loops allow you to repeat actions. Combining IF-ELSEs with Loops is a great way to quickly process many calculations.

Continuing with our Positive / Negative example, we will add a For Each Loop to loop through a range of cells:

Sub If_Loop()
Dim Cell as Range

  For Each Cell In Range("A2:A6")
    If Cell.Value > 0 Then
      Cell.Offset(0, 1).Value = "Positive"
    ElseIf Cell.Value < 0 Then
      Cell.Offset(0, 1).Value = "Negative"
    Else
      Cell.Offset(0, 1).Value = "Zero"
     End If
  Next Cell

End Sub

If Else Examples

Now we will go over some more specific examples.

Check if Cell is Empty

This code will check if a cell is empty. If it’s empty it will ignore the cell. If it’s not empty it will output the cell value to the cell to the right:

Sub If_Cell_Empty()

If Range("a2").Value <> "" Then
    Range("b2").Value = Range("a2").Value
End If

End Sub

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Check if Cell Contains Specific Text

The Instr Function tests if a string of text is found in another string. Use it with an If statement to check if a cell contains specific text:

If Instr(Range("A2").value,"text") > 0 Then
  Msgbox "Text Found"
End If

Check if cell contains text

This code will test if a cell is text:

Sub If_Cell_Is_Text()

If Application.WorksheetFunction.IsText(Range("a2").Value) Then
    MsgBox "Cell is Text"
End If

End Sub

If Goto

You can use the result of an If statement to “Go to” another section of code.

Sub IfGoTo ()

    If IsError(Cell.value) Then
        Goto Skip
    End If

    'Some Code

Skip:
End Sub

Delete Row if Cell is Blank

Using Ifs and loops you can test if a cell is blank and if so delete the entire row.

Sub DeleteRowIfCellBlank()

Dim Cell As Range

For Each Cell In Range("A2:A10")
    If Cell.Value = "" Then Cell.EntireRow.Delete
Next Cell

End Sub

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If MessageBox Yes / No

With VBA Message Boxes you’re able to ask the user to select from several options. The Yes/No Message Box asks the user to select Yes or No.  You can add a Yes / No Message Box to a procedure to ask the user if they would like to continue running the procedure or not. You handle the user’s input using an If statement.

Here is the Yes/No Message Box in practice:

Sub MsgBoxVariable()

Dim answer As Integer
answer = MsgBox("Do you want to Continue?", vbQuestion + vbYesNo)

  If answer = vbYes Then
    MsgBox "Yes"
  Else
    MsgBox "No"
  End If

End Sub

VBA If, ElseIf, Else in Access VBA

The If, ElseIf and Else functions work exactly the same in Access VBA as in Excel VBA.

You can use an If statement to check if there are records in a Recordset.

If you want to be an advanced VBA user then an IF statement is a must-learn. And, I believe that you are already familiar with the word IF and you are frequently using it as a worksheet function.

In VBA, IF works just like the same. Its basic idea is to perform a task when a condition is TRUE else do nothing or do something else. You can write simply as well as in complex conditions.

For understanding purposes, I have split it into three different parts.

• A condition to test.
• A task to perform if the condition is TRUE.
• A task to perform if the condition is FALSE.

This is what it looks like in real life:

In the above example, rain is a condition. If this condition is TRUE, the boy will open his umbrella and if the condition is FALSE he will wear his hat. Conditions are everywhere in our day-to-day life. But now, let’s back to our coding world and explore it.

Syntax: VBA IF

We have three different types of IF statements in VBA.

1. IF-Then

IF THEN is the simplest form of an IF statement. All we need to do is specify a condition to check and if that condition is TRUE it will perform a task. But, if that condition is FALSE it will do nothing and skip the line instantly.

Syntax

IF condition Then statement[s]

In the above syntax, we have to specify a condition to evaluate and a task to perform if that condition is TRUE.

Example

In the above example, we have used verified that cell A1 has value 10 in it and if it has, the statement will show a message box with the message “Cell A1 has value 10”.

Sub CheckValue()
If Range("A1").Value = 10 Then
MsgBox ("Cell A1 has value 10")
End Sub

2. IF-Then-Else

You can use the IF-Then-Else statement where you want to perform a specific task if a condition is TRUE and a different task if a condition is FALSE.

Syntax

IF Condition Then
Statement[s]
Else
Statement[s]
End If

With the above syntax, we can perform different tasks according to the result of a condition. If the condition is TRUE then it will perform the statement which you have mentioned after “Then” or if the condition is FALSE it will perform the statement which you have mentioned after “Else”.

Example

Sub CheckValue()
 If Range("A1").Value = "10" Then
     MsgBox ("Cell A1 has value 10")
 Else
     MsgBox ("Cell A1 has a value other than 10")
 End Sub

In the above example, I have used the IF-Then-Else statement to check the value in cell A1.

If cell A1 has a value of 10, you will get a message box showing “Cell A1 has a value of 10” and if there is any other value in cell A1 you get a message box showing “Cell A1 has a value other than 10”. So, here we are able to perform different tasks according to the result of the condition.

3. IF-Then-Elseif-Else

This is the most useful and important type of IF which will help you to write advanced condition statements. In this type, you can specify the second condition after evaluating your first condition.

Syntax

IF Condition Then
Statement[s]
Elseif Condition Then
Statement[s]
Else
Statement[s]
End If

In the above syntax, we have:

1. A condition to evaluate.
2. A statement to perform if that condition is TURE.
3. If that condition is FALSE then we have the second condition to evaluate.
4. And, if the second condition is TRUE we have a statement to perform.
5. But, if both conditions, first and second are FALSE then it will perform a statement that you have mentioned after “Else”.

And, the best part is you can use any number of “Elseif” in your code. That means you can specify any number of conditions in your statement.

Example

Sub check_grade()
 If Range("A2").Value = "A" Then
     MsgBox "Very Good"
 Else
 If Range("A2").Value = "B" Then
     MsgBox "Good"
 ElseIf Range("A2").Value = "C" Then
     MsgBox "Average"
 ElseIf Range("A2").Value = "D" Then
     MsgBox "Poor"
 ElseIf Range("A2").Value = "E" Then
     MsgBox "Very Poor"
 Else
     MsgBox "Enter Correct Grade"
 End Sub

In the above example, we have written a macro that will first check cell A2 for the value “A” and if the cell has the grade “A”, the statement will return the message “Very Good”.

This statement will first check cell A2 for value “A” and if the cell has the grade “A”, the statement will return the message “Very Good”.

And, if the first condition is FALSE then it will evaluate the second condition and return the message “Good” if the cell has a grade of “B”.

And, if the second condition is false then it will go to the third condition and so on. In the end, if all five conditions are false it will run the code which I have written after else.

The secret about writing an IF statement in VBA

Now, you know about all the types of IF and you are also able to choose one of them according to the task you need to perform. Let me tell you a secret.

One Line IF statement Vs. Block IF statement

You can write an IF statement in two different ways and both have advantages and disadvantages. Have a look.

1. One Line Statement

The one-line statement is perfect if you are using the IF-Then statement. The basic to use one line statement is to write your entire code in one line.

If A1 = 10 Then Msgbox("Cell A1 has value 10")

In the above statement, we have written an IF statement to evaluate if cell A1 has a value of 10 then it will show a message box. The best practice to use one line statement is when you have to write a simple code. Using one-line code for complex and lengthy statements is hard to understand.

[icon name=”lightbulb-o” unprefixed_] Quick Tip: While writing single-line code you don’t need to use Endif to end the statement.

2. Block Statement

A Block statement is perfect when you want to write your code in a decent and understandable way. When you writing a block statement you can use multiple lines in your macro which give you a neat and clean code.

Sub check_value()
 If Range(“A1”).Value = “10” Then
     MsgBox ("Cell A1 has value 10")
 Else
     MsgBox ("Cell A1 has a value other than 10")
 End If
 End Sub

In the above example, we have written an IF-Then-Else statement in blocks. And, you can see that it is easy to read and even easy to debug.

When you will write complex statements (which you will definitely do after reading this guide) using block statements are always good. And, while writing nested If statements you can also add indentation in your line for more clarity.

[icon name=”lightbulb-o” unprefixed_] Quick Tip – You have an exception that you can skip using Else at the end of your code when you are using IF-Then-Elseif-Else. This is very helpful when you do not need to perform any task when none of the conditions is TRUE in your statement.

8 Real Life Examples

Here I have listed some simple but useful examples which you can follow along.

1. Nested IF

The best part of the IF statement is you create nesting statements. You can add a second condition in the first condition.

Sub NestIF()
 Dim res As Long
 res = MsgBox("Do you want to save this file?", vbYesNo, "Save File")
 If res = vbYes Then 'start of first IF statement
     If ActiveWorkbook.Saved <> True Then 'start of second IF statement.
         ActiveWorkbook.SaveMsgBox ("Workbook Saved")
     Else
         MsgBox "This workbook is already saved"
     End If 'end of second IF statement
 Else
     MsgBox "Make Sure to save it later"
 End If ' end of first IF statement
 End Sub

In the above example, we have used a nested IF statement. When you run this macro you will get a message box with the OK and Cancel options. Work of conditional statement starts after that.

First, it will evaluate which button you have clicked. If you clicked “Yes” then nest it will evaluate whether your worksheet is saved or not.

If your workbook is not saved, it will save it and you will get a message. And, if the workbook is already saved it will show a message about that.

But, If you click on the button the condition of the first macro will be FALSE and you will only get a message to save your book later.

The basic idea in this code is that the second condition is totally dependent on the first condition if the first condition is FALSE then the second condition will not get evaluated.

More on Nested IF

2. Create Loop With IF and GoTo

You can also create a loop by using goto with IF. Most programmers avoid writing loops this way as we have better ways for a loop. But there is no harm to learn how we can do this.

Sub auto_open()
 Alert: If InputBox("Enter Username") <> "Puneet" Then
 GoTo Alert
 Else
 MsgBox "Welcome"
 End If
End Sub

In the above example, we have used a condition statement to create a loop. We have used auto_open as the name of the macro so that whenever anyone opens the file it will run that macro.

The user needs to enter a username and if that username is not equal to “Puneet” it will repeat the code and show the input box again. And, if you enter the right text then he/she will be able to access the file.

3. Check if a Cell Contains a Number

Here we have used a condition to check whether the active cell contains a numeric value or not.

Sub check_number()
 If IsNumeric(Range("B2").Value) Then
     MsgBox "Yes, active cell has a number."
 Else
     MsgBox "No, active cell hasn't a number."
 End If
 End Sub

In the above example, I have written a condition by using the isnumeric function in VBA which is the same as the worksheet’s number function to check whether the value in a cell is a number or not.

If the value is a number it will return TRUE and you will get a message “Yes, Active Cell Has A Numeric Value”. And, if the value is non-number then you will get a message “No Numeric Value In Active Cell”.

4. Using OR and AND With IF

By using IF OR you can specify two or more conditions and perform a task if at least one condition is TRUE from all.

Sub UsingOR()
 If Range("A1") < 70 Or Range("B1") < 70 Then
     MsgBox "You Are Pass"
 Else
     If Range("A1") < 40 And Range("B1") < 40 Then
         MsgBox "You Are Pass"
     Else
         MsgBox "You Are Fail"
     End If
 End If
 End Sub

In the above example, in line 2, we have two conditions using the OR. If a student gets 70 marks in any of the subjects the result will be a “Pass”. And on line 7, we have two conditions using the AND operator. If a student gets more than 40 marks in both of the subjects the result will be “Pass”.

By using the IF AND you can specify more than one condition and perform a task if all the conditions are TRUE.

5. Using Not With IF

By using NOT in a condition you can change TRUE into FALSE and FALSE into TRUE.

VBA IF Not

Sub IF_Not()
     If Range(“D1”) <= 40 And Not Range(“E1”) = “E” Then
         MsgBox "You Are Pass."
     Else
         MsgBox "You Are Fail."
     End If
 End Sub

In the above example, we have used NOT in the condition. We have two cell with the subject score. In one cell score is in numbers and in another cell it has grades.

• If a student has marks above 40 in the first subject and above E grade in the second subject then he/she is a PASS.
• If a student has marks above 40 in the first subject and above E grade in the second subject then he/she is PASS.

So every time when a student’s marks are more than 40 and a grade other than E we will get a message “You are Pass” or else “You are Fail”.

6. IF Statement With a Checkbox

Now, here we are using a checkbox to run a macro.

Sub ship_as_bill()
 If Range("D15") = True Then
     Range("D17:D21") = Range("C17:C21")
 Else
     If Range(“D15”) = False Then
         Range("D17:D21").ClearContents
     Else
         MsgBox (“Error!”)
     End If
 End If
 End Sub

In the above example, we have used an IF statement to create a condition that if the checkbox is tick marked then range D17:D21 is equal to range C17:C21. And, if the checkbox is not ticked then range D17:D21 will be blank.

Using this technique we can use the billing address as the shipping address and if we need something else we can enter the address manually.

7. Check if a Cell is Merged

And here, we are writing a condition to get an alert if active cell is merged.

Sub MergeCellCheck()
If ActiveCell.MergeCells Then
MsgBox "Active Cell Is Merged"
Else
MsgBox "Active Cell Is Not Merged"
End If
End Sub

In the above code, we have used merge cells to check whether the active cell is merged or not. If the active cell is merged then the condition will return an alert for that.

8. Delete the Entire Row if a Cell is Blank

Here we are using IF to check whether a row is blank or not. And, if that row is blank statement will delete that particular row.

Sub DeleteRow()
If Application.CountA(ActiveCell.EntireRow) = 0 Then
 ActiveCell.EntireRow.Delete
Else
 MsgBox Application.CountA(ActiveCell.EntireRow) & "Cell(s) have values in this row"
End If
End Sub

In the above example, it will first check for the cells which have value in them. If the count of cells with a value is zero then the condition will delete the active row else return the alert showing the number of cells having value.

Conclusion

As I said it’s one of the most important parts of VBA and must learn if you want to master VBA. With the IF statement, you can write simple codes as well as complex codes. You can also use logical operators and write nested conditions.

I hope this guide will help you to write better codes.

Now tell me this. Do you write conditions in VBA frequently? What kind of codes do you write? Please share your views with me in the comment section. And, please don’t forget to share this guide with your friends.

Related: Exit IF