Vba filed в word

Создание нового документа Word или открытие существующего из кода VBA Excel. Методы Documents.Add и Documents.Open. Сохранение и закрытие документа.

Работа с Word из кода VBA Excel
Часть 2. Создание и открытие документов Word
[Часть 1] [Часть 2] [Часть 3] [Часть 4] [Часть 5] [Часть 6]

Новый документ Word создается из кода VBA Excel с помощью метода Documents.Add:

Sub Test1() Dim myWord As New Word.Application Dim myDocument As Word.Document Set myDocument = myWord.Documents.Add myWord.Visible = True End Sub

Переменную myDocument можно объявить с типом Object, но тогда не будет ранней привязки к типу Word.Document и подсказок при написании кода (Auto List Members).

Открытие существующего документа

Существующий документ Word открывается из кода VBA Excel с помощью метода Documents.Open:

Sub Test2() Dim myWord As New Word.Application Dim myDocument As Word.Document Set myDocument = _ myWord.Documents.Open(«C:Документ1.docx») myWord.Visible = True End Sub

Замените в этой процедуре строку «C:Документ1.docx» на адрес своего файла.

Подключение к открытому документу

Присвоение переменной ссылки на существующий экземпляр Word.Application осуществляется в VBA Excel с помощью функции GetObject:

Sub Test3() Dim myWord As Object, myDoc As Word.Document On Error GoTo Instr     Set myWord = GetObject(, «Word.Application»)     Set myDoc = myWord.Documents(«Документ1.docx»)     myDoc.Range.InsertAfter «Добавляем новый текст, подтверждающий подключение к открытому документу.» Exit Sub Instr:     MsgBox «Произошла ошибка: « & Err.Description End Sub

Если открытого приложения Word нет, выполнение функции GetObject приведет к ошибке. Также произойдет ошибка, если не будет найден указанный документ (в примере — «Документ1.docx»).

Сохранение и закрытие документа

Сохранение нового документа

Чтобы сохранить из кода VBA Excel новый документ Word, используйте метод SaveAs2 объекта Document:

myDocument.SaveAs2 («C:Документ2.docx»)

Замените «C:Документ2.docx» на путь к нужному каталогу с именем файла, под которым вы хотите сохранить новый документ.

Сохранение изменений в открытом документа

Сохраняйте изменения в существующем документе с помощью метода Document.Save или параметра SaveChanges метода Document.Close:

‘Сохранение изменений документа myDocument.Save ‘Сохранение изменений документа ‘при закрытии myDocument.Close ‘по умолчанию True myDocument.Close True myDocument.Close wdSaveChanges ‘Закрытие документа без ‘сохранения изменений myDocument.Close False myDocument.Close wdDoNotSaveChanges

Закрытие любого сохраненного документа

Метод Document.Close закрывает документ, но не приложение. Если работа с приложением закончена, оно закрывается с помощью метода Application.Quit.

Open Word Document

This Word VBA Macro will open a word document from the specified directory:

Sub OpenDoc()
    Dim strFile As String

    strFile = "c:UsersNenadDesktopTest PM.docm"    'change to path of your file
    If Dir(strFile) <> "" Then    'First we check if document exists at all at given location
        Documents.Open strFile
    End If
End Sub

Now you can interact with the newly opened document with the ActiveDocument Object. This code will add some text to the document.

ActiveDocument.Range(0, 0).Text = "Add Some Text"

Open Document to Variable

You can also open a Word document, immediately assigning it to a variable:

Sub OpenDoc()
    Dim strFile As String
    Dim oDoc as Document

    strFile = "c:UsersNenadDesktopTest PM.docm"    'change to path of your file
    If Dir(strFile) <> "" Then    'First we check if document exists at all at given location
        Set oDoc = Documents.Open strFile
    End If
End Sub

Allowing you to interact with the document via the variable oDoc.:

oDoc.Range(0, 0).Text = "Add Some Text"

Generally it’s best practice to open to a variable, giving you the ability to easily reference the document at any point.

Open Word Document From Excel

This VBA procedure will open a Word Document from another MS Office program (ex. Excel):

Sub OpenDocFromExcel()
    Dim wordapp
    Dim strFile As String


    strFile = "c:UsersNenadDesktopTest PM.docm"
    Set wordapp = CreateObject("word.Application")
    wordapp.Documents.Open strFile
    wordapp.Visible = True
End Sub

There are a number of factors in play with this code that will or might cause problems.

The reason for the error is that this code is running in Excel, so if objWord is not used for Word syntax, and both Word and Excel use the same name for an object, VBA will try to use the Excel object model. In this case, as the file is in Word and not Excel, using objWord.Windows(Filename).Activate should avoid this particular error.

Other considerations:

As with Excel, using Active, Activate or Selection in Word VBA is unreliable and shouldn’t be used unless absolutely necessary. Better to work with the application’s objects, directly. So declare and instantiate a variable for the Word document and use that instead of ActiveDocument:

Dim objDoc as Object 'Word.Document
Set objDoc = objWord.Documents.Open(strPath)

FileName = objDoc.Name

It’s unsure whether you’d really need to activate this window. It’s not necessary for manipulating a document’s content via VBA. If it’s in order to show it to the user, for editing, then by all means. I might wait until the end of the code, but that would be personal preference… In any case, it’s possible to address the document’s windows, specifically, rather than having VBA search for it:

objDoc.Windows(1).Activate

In order to transfer formatted content from one place (Range) in any document to another place (Range) in the same or another document, using bookmarks can be done in one step, without any selecting or activating:

objDoc.Bookmarks("Page1").Range.FormattedText = _
       objWord.Documents("Template1").Bookmarks("Page1").Range.FormattedText

This post is the second in a series about controlling other applications from Excel using VBA. In the first part we looked at the basics of how to reference other applications using Early Binding or Late Binding. In this post, we will look at how we can automate Word from Excel even though we don’t know any VBA code for Word… yet. The process we will use for this is as follows:

1. Enable the Word Developer menu
2. Record a Word macro
3. Add the code to Excel VBA and amend
4. Record macros in Excel if necessary
5. Repeat the previous steps until macro complete

I am not an Excel VBA expert (I’m more of an Excel VBA tinkerer), and I am certainly not a Word VBA expert. The process I am about to show you may not create the most efficient code, but I know this process works, because I have used it myself to automate lots tasks using Microsoft Word.

Enable the Word Developer menu

If you have enabled the Excel Developer menu it is the same process in Word.

In Word: File -> Options -> Customize Ribbon

Then tick the Developer Ribbon option, OK.

Record a Word Macro

The key to the success of this method is taking small sections of code and building up a complex macro bit by bit. Using the Word Macro Recorder is again, similar to the Excel Macro recorder.

Click on: Developer -> Record Macro

For the example in this post, we will create a macro which will open a new Word document, then copy a chart from Excel and paste it into that Word document. We will tackle this one stage at a time. Firstly, lets create the macro to open a new word document.

Click – Developer -> Record Macro. The Record Macro window will open.

Make a note of the “Store macro in” option, as we will need to know where to find the recorded code later. Normal.dotm is fine for now. Click OK – the Macro Recorder is now running.

Open a new Word Document – File -> New -> Blank Document

Stop the Macro from recording – Developer -> Stop Recording

We can now view the code for opening a new Word Document in the Visual Basic Editor. Click: Developer -> Visual Basic.

Find the location of your recorded code in the Visual Basic Editor. In this example: Normal -> Modules -> NewMacros.

Your code should look like the following. It may be slightly different, but not significantly.

Sub Macro1()
'
' Macro1 Macro
'
'
    Documents.Add Template:="Normal", NewTemplate:=False, DocumentType:=0
    Windows("Document1").Activate
    Windows("Document2").Activate
End Sub

Add the code to Excel VBA and amend

Let’s head back to the Excel VBA Editor and use the Early Binding method to control to Microsoft Word. In the Visual Basic Editor click Tools -> References select Microsoft Word x.xx Object Library. Then click OK.

As we are using Early Binding we need to declare the Application as a variable as follows:

Dim WordApp As Word.Application
Set WordApp = New Word.Application

Now copy and paste the code from the Word VBA Editor into the Excel VBA Editor.

The Word VBA code started with Documents.Add, all we have to do is add our application variable to the front of that line of code. Now becomes WordApp.Documents.Add . . .

Often, Selecting and Activating Objects is not required in VBA code, so I have not copied those statements into the code below.

Sub CreateWordDocument()

'Connect using Early Binding.
'Remember to set the reference to the Word Object Library
'In VBE Editor Tools -> References -> Microsoft Word x.xx Object Library
Dim WordApp As Word.Application
Set WordApp = New Word.Application

WordApp.Documents.Add Template:="Normal", NewTemplate:=False, DocumentType:=0
WordApp.Visible = True 'New Apps will be hidden by default, so make visible

Set WordApp = Nothing 'release the memory

End Sub

A point to note, when an application is opened with VBA, it is normally opened in the background. To make the Word document visible I have added the following code:

WordApp.Visible = True

Record macros in Excel (if necessary)

If we want to copy Excel content into a Word document, we will need to copy that content using Excel VBA. We can use the Macro Recorder in Excel to obtain the VBA code for copying, then we can use the Word Macro Recorder to obtain the VBA code for pasting.

Macro Recording from Excel – selecting a worksheet and copying chart

Sheets("Sheet1").Select
ActiveSheet.ChartObjects("Chart 1").Activate
ActiveChart.ChartArea.Copy

Macro Recording from Word – pasting a chart into a document

Selection.PasteSpecial Link:=False, DataType:=wdPasteEnhancedMetafile, _
        Placement:=wdInLine, DisplayAsIcon:=False

We can add both Macro recordings into our Excel macro. Remember to add WordApp. at the start of each statement of Word VBA code.

Sub CreateWordDocument()

'Connect using Early Binding.
'Remember to set the reference to the Word Object Library
'In VBE Editor Tools -> References -> Microsoft Word x.xx Object Library
Dim WordApp As Word.Application
Set WordApp = New Word.Application

WordApp.Documents.Add Template:="Normal", NewTemplate:=False, DocumentType:=0
WordApp.Visible = True 'New Apps will be hidden by default, so make visible

'code copied from Excel Macro recorder
Sheets("Sheet1").Select
Selection.ChartObjects("Chart 1").ChartArea.Copy

'code copied from Word Macro recorder with WordApp. added to the front.
WordApp.Selection.PasteSpecial Link:=False, DataType:=wdPasteEnhancedMetafile, _
        Placement:=wdInLine, DisplayAsIcon:=False

Set WordApp = Nothing 'release the memory 

End Sub

This code is not particularly efficient; it contains a few unnecessary sections code. However… it works!

Repeat the previous steps until macro complete

By repeating the same steps above; recording short actions, then transferring the code into Excel, we can slowly build up much more complex Macros. The key is to keep the actions short, if you do too many actions with the Macro Recorder, code starts to look long and scary.

If you’ve you tried to use the Macro Recorder before you will know that this is not as easy as it seems. And this simple tutorial may make you think it is easy, when it’s not. Sometimes, it can be quite frustrating trying to find out where the issues and errors are. The key to success is recording very short actions, such as those below and copying them into the Visual Basic Editor.

'Pressing the Enter Key to move to a new line in Word
WordApp.Selection.TypeParagraph

'Turn on/off Bold Text
WordApp.Selection.Font.Bold = wdToggle

'Change Font Size
WordApp.Selection.Font.Size = 16

'Type some text
WordApp.Selection.TypeText Text:="Here is some text"

You will soon build up a standard library of code that you can use to control Word for most basic tasks.

In recorded VBA code from Word, the word “Selection” in the code often refers to the document itself. It is possible to make the code a little bit more efficient by declaring the document as a variable. If we were opening a specific document, we could include this at the start, just below the declaration of the application.

'Declare a specific document as a variable
Dim WordDocument As Object
Set WordDocument = WordApp.Documents.Open(sourceFileName)

Or, if we created a new document we could include the following below the declaration of the application variable.

'Delcare a new document as a variable
Dim WordDocument As Object
Set WordDocument = WordApp.Documents.Add Template:="Normal", _
NewTemplate:=False, DocumentType:=0

If we have created the document as a variable we can then reference the specific document. This code:

WordApp.Selection.TypeParagraph

Would become this code:

WordDocument.TypeParagraph

Or this code:

WordApp.Selection.TypeText Text:="Here is some text"

Would become this code:

WordDocument.TypeText Text:="Here is some text"

This method is much better, as it doesn’t rely on the Selection of the user being in the right place.

Conclusion

We have seen in this post that it is possible to create complex Macros to automate Word from Excel using VBA. By understanding how to declare variables for the application and documents we can create much more robust macros, even without knowing a lot of VBA code.

Related Posts:

• 5 quick ways to embed a Word document in Excel
• Controlling Powerpoint from Excel using VBA
• Edit links in Word using VBA
• How to link Excel to Word