Метод Find объекта Range для поиска ячейки по ее данным в VBA Excel. Синтаксис и компоненты. Знаки подстановки для поисковой фразы. Простые примеры.
Метод Find объекта Range предназначен для поиска ячейки и сведений о ней в заданном диапазоне по ее значению, формуле и примечанию. Чаще всего этот метод используется для поиска в таблице ячейки по слову, части слова или фразе, входящей в ее значение.
Синтаксис метода Range.Find
Expression.Find(What, After, LookIn, LookAt, SearchOrder, SearchDirection, MatchCase, MatchByte, SearchFormat) |
Expression – это переменная или выражение, возвращающее объект Range, в котором будет осуществляться поиск.
В скобках перечислены параметры метода, среди них только What является обязательным.
Метод Range.Find возвращает объект Range, представляющий из себя первую ячейку, в которой найдена поисковая фраза (параметр What). Если совпадение не найдено, возвращается значение Nothing.
Если необходимо найти следующие ячейки, содержащие поисковую фразу, используется метод Range.FindNext.
Параметры метода Range.Find
Наименование | Описание |
---|---|
Обязательный параметр | |
What | Данные для поиска, которые могут быть представлены строкой или другим типом данных Excel. Тип данных параметра — Variant. |
Необязательные параметры | |
After | Ячейка, после которой следует начать поиск. |
LookIn | Уточняет область поиска. Список констант xlFindLookIn:
|
LookAt | Поиск частичного или полного совпадения. Список констант xlLookAt:
|
SearchOrder | Определяет способ поиска. Список констант xlSearchOrder:
|
SearchDirection | Определяет направление поиска. Список констант xlSearchDirection:
|
MatchCase | Определяет учет регистра:
|
MatchByte | Условия поиска при использовании двухбайтовых кодировок:
|
SearchFormat | Формат поиска – используется вместе со свойством Application.FindFormat. |
* Примечания имеют две константы с одним значением. Проверяется очень просто: MsgBox xlComments
и MsgBox xlNotes
.
В справке Microsoft тип данных всех параметров, кроме SearchDirection, указан как Variant.
Знаки подстановки для поисковой фразы
Условные знаки в шаблоне поисковой фразы:
- ? – знак вопроса обозначает любой отдельный символ;
- * – звездочка обозначает любое количество любых символов, в том числе ноль символов;
- ~ – тильда ставится перед ?, * и ~, чтобы они обозначали сами себя (например, чтобы тильда в шаблоне обозначала сама себя, записать ее нужно дважды: ~~).
Простые примеры
При использовании метода Range.Find в VBA Excel необходимо учитывать следующие нюансы:
- Так как этот метод возвращает объект Range (в виде одной ячейки), присвоить его можно только объектной переменной, объявленной как Variant, Object или Range, при помощи оператора Set.
- Если поисковая фраза в заданном диапазоне найдена не будет, метод Range.Find возвратит значение Nothing. Обращение к свойствам несуществующей ячейки будет генерировать ошибки. Поэтому, перед использованием результатов поиска, необходимо проверить объектную переменную на содержание в ней значения Nothing.
В примерах используются переменные:
- myPhrase – переменная для записи поисковой фразы;
- myCell – переменная, которой присваивается первая найденная ячейка, содержащая поисковую фразу, или значение Nothing, если поисковая фраза не найдена.
Пример 1
Sub primer1() Dim myPhrase As Variant, myCell As Range myPhrase = «стакан» Set myCell = Range(«A1:L30»).Find(myPhrase) If Not myCell Is Nothing Then MsgBox «Значение найденной ячейки: « & myCell MsgBox «Строка найденной ячейки: « & myCell.Row MsgBox «Столбец найденной ячейки: « & myCell.Column MsgBox «Адрес найденной ячейки: « & myCell.Address Else MsgBox «Искомая фраза не найдена» End If End Sub |
В этом примере мы присваиваем переменной myPhrase значение для поиска – "стакан"
. Затем проводим поиск этой фразы в диапазоне "A1:L30"
с присвоением результата поиска переменной myCell. Далее проверяем переменную myCell, не содержит ли она значение Nothing, и выводим соответствующие сообщения.
Ознакомьтесь с работой кода VBA в случаях, когда в диапазоне "A1:L30"
есть ячейка со строкой, содержащей подстроку "стакан"
, и когда такой ячейки нет.
Пример 2
Теперь посмотрим, как метод Range.Find отреагирует на поиск числа. В качестве диапазона поиска будем использовать первую строку активного листа Excel.
Sub primer2() Dim myPhrase As Variant, myCell As Range myPhrase = 526.15 Set myCell = Rows(1).Find(myPhrase) If Not myCell Is Nothing Then MsgBox «Значение найденной ячейки: « & myCell Else: MsgBox «Искомая фраза не найдена» End If End Sub |
Несмотря на то, что мы присвоили переменной числовое значение, метод Range.Find найдет ячейку со значением и 526,15
, и 129526,15
, и 526,15254
. То есть, как и в предыдущем примере, поиск идет по подстроке.
Чтобы найти ячейку с точным соответствием значения поисковой фразе, используйте константу xlWhole параметра LookAt:
Set myCell = Rows(1).Find(myPhrase, , , xlWhole) |
Аналогично используются и другие необязательные параметры. Количество «лишних» запятых перед необязательным параметром должно соответствовать количеству пропущенных компонентов, предусмотренных синтаксисом метода Range.Find, кроме случаев указания необязательного параметра по имени, например: LookIn:=xlValues
. Тогда используется одна запятая, независимо от того, сколько компонентов пропущено.
Пример 3
Допустим, у нас есть многострочная база данных в Excel. В первой колонке находятся даты. Нам необходимо создать отчет за какой-то период. Найти номер начальной строки для обработки можно с помощью следующего кода:
Sub primer3() Dim myPhrase As Variant, myCell As Range myPhrase = «01.02.2019» myPhrase = CDate(myPhrase) Set myCell = Range(«A:A»).Find(myPhrase) If Not myCell Is Nothing Then MsgBox «Номер начальной строки: « & myCell.Row Else: MsgBox «Даты « & myPhrase & » в таблице нет» End If End Sub |
Несмотря на то, что в ячейке дата отображается в виде текста, ее значение хранится в ячейке в виде числа. Поэтому текстовый формат необходимо перед поиском преобразовать в формат даты.
“I know well what I am fleeing from but not what I am in search of” – Michel de Montaigne
Introduction
This post covers everything you need to know about the VBA Find function. It explains, how to use Find, in simple terms. It also has tons of code examples of Find you can use right now.
If you want to go straight to an example of Find then check out How to do a Simple Find.
If you want to search for text within a string then you are looking for the InStr and InStrRev functions.
If you want to find the last row or column with data then go to Finding the Last Cell Containing Data
Download the Source Code
What is the VBA Find Function?
The Find function is very commonly used in VBA. The three most important things to know about Find are:
- The Find function is a member of Range.
- It searches a range of cells containing a given value or format.
- It is essentially the same as using the Find Dialog on an Excel worksheet.
Introduction
Excel Find Dialog
To view the Excel Find dialog, go to the Home ribbon and click on Find & Select in the Editing section. In the menu that appears select Find(shortcut is Ctrl + F)
When you do this the following dialog will appear:
The VBA Find function uses most of the options you can see on this Dialog.
How to Use Options With Find
To use the options you pass them as parameters to the Find function. This is similar to how you use worksheet functions. For example, the Sum function has a Range as a parameter. This means you give it a range when you use it.
The VBA Find uses parameters in the same way. You must give it the item you are searching for. This is the first parameter and it is required.
The rest of the parameters are optional. If you don’t use them then Find will use the existing settings. We’ll see more about this shortly.
The table in the next section shows these parameters. The sections that follow this, give examples and details of how to use these parameters.
VBA Find Parameters
The following tables shows all the Find parameters.
Parameter | Type | Description | Values |
---|---|---|---|
What | Required | The value you are searching for | Any VBA data type e.g String, Long |
After | Optional | A single cell range that you start your search from | Range(«A5») |
LookIn | Optional | What to search in e.g. Formulas, Values or Comments | xlValues, xlFormulas, xlComments |
LookAt | Optional | Look at a part or the whole of the cell | xlWhole, xlPart |
SearchOrder | Optional | The order to search | xlByRows or xlByColumns. |
SearchDirection | Optional | The direction to search | xlNext, xlPrevious |
MatchCase | Optional | If search is case sensitive | True or False |
MatchByte | Optional | Used for double byte languages | True or False |
SearchFormat | Optional | Allow searching by format. The format is set using Application.FindFormat | True or False |
Important Note about Find Parameters
Keep the following in mind as it can cause a lot of frustration when using Find.
As you can see from the table most of the VBA Find parameters are optional. As we said earlier, if you don’t set a Find parameter it uses the existing setting.
For example, if you set the LookIn parameter to xlComments, it will search for a value in comments only. The next time you run Find(either from the Dialog or from VBA) the existing LookIn setting will be Comments.
The following code shows an example of this
' Search in comments only Range("A1:A5").Find "John", LookIn:=xlComments ' Will search comments as this is the existing setting Range("A1:A5").Find "John" ' Search in formulas only Range("A1:A5").Find "John", LookIn:=xlFormulas ' Will search formulas as this is the existing setting Range("A1:A5").Find "John"
This applies to the parameters LookIn, LookAt, SearchOrder, and MatchByte.
The Find Return Value
If the search item is found then Find returns the cell with the value. That is, it returns a Range type of one cell.
If the search item is not found then Find returns an object set to Nothing.
In the following examples, you will see how to deal with the return value.
How to do a Simple Find
Let’s start with a simple example of the VBA Find. You need three things when using the Find function
- The Range to search
- The value you are searching for
- The Range to store the returned cell
Let’s take the following sample data
We are going to search for the text “Jena” in the cells A1 to A5.
The following code searches for “Jena”. When it finds “Jena”, it then places the cell in the rgFound variable.
' Find the name Jena in the range A1:A5 Dim rgFound As Range Set rgFound = Range("A1:A5").Find("Jena") ' Print cell address to Immediate Window(Ctrl + G) Debug.Print rgFound.Address
The above code shows the most basic search you can do. If this is your first time using the VBA Find function then I recommend you practice with a simple example like this.
If you want to try these examples you can download the workbook from the top of this post.
When the Value is not Found
When you use the VBA Find function, there will be times when you do not find a match. You need to handle this in your code or you will get the following error when you try to use the returned range
The following code will give this error if the text “John” is not found in the range A1 to A5
Set rgFound = Range("A1:A5").Find("John") ' Shows Error if John was not found Debug.Print rgFound.Address
What we need to do is check the return value like the following code shows
Set rgFound= Range("A1:A5").Find("John") If rgFound Is Nothing Then Debug.Print "Name was not found." Else Debug.Print "Name found in :" & rgFound.Address End If
Using After with Find
The After parameter is used if you want to start the search from a particular cell. When, the Excel Find Dialog is used, the active cell is considered the After cell. In other words, this cell is the starting point for the search. In VBA, if no After parameter is specified then the search starts at the top-left cell of the range.
Example 1 Without After
Let’s look at the following code.
Set cell = Range("A1:A6").Find("Rachal")
Find will return the cell A2 as this is where the first “Rachal” is found.
Example 2 Using After
In the next example, we use after. We are telling VBA to start the search for “Rachal” after cell A2
Set cell = Range("A1:A6").Find("Rachal", After:=Range("A2"))
This will return the cell A6
Example 3 Wrapping Around
If a match is not found then the search will “wrap around”. This means it will go back to the start of the range.
In the following example, we are looking for Drucilla. We start our search After cell A2. Find will search from A3 to A6 and then will move to A1.
So the following code will return A1 as there is no text “Drucilla” from A3 to A6:
Set cell = Range("A1:A6").Find("Drucilla", After:=Range("A2"))
The search order for this example was A4, A5, A6, A1.
You can try these example for yourself by downloading the workbook from the top of the post.
Using LookIn with Find
Using LookIn allows you to search in Values, Formulas or Comments.
Important Note: When a cell has text only, this text is considered a formula AND a value. See the table below for details
Cell Contains | Result | LookIn value is |
---|---|---|
Apple | Apple | Value and Formula |
=»App» & «le»‘ | Apple | Value only |
=LEFT(«Apple»,4)’ | Appl | Formula only |
We are going to use the following sample data.
A2 Contains “Apple” as a value only
A3 Contains “Apple” as a formula only
A4 Contains “Apple” in the comment only
The code below searches for “Apple” in the different types: value, formula, threaded comment and note.
To see a working example of this code you can download the source code from the top of this post.
' Searches in value, formula, threaded comment and note. ' https://excelmacromastery.com/excel-vba-find/ Sub UseLookIn() ' Finds A2 Dim rgFound As Range Set rgFound = shLookin.Range("A1:A5").Find("Apple", LookIn:=xlValues) Debug.Print "Found 'Apple' as value in: " & rgFound.Address ' Finds A3 Set rgFound = shLookin.Range("A1:A5").Find("Apple", LookIn:=xlFormulas) Debug.Print "Found 'Apple' as formula in: " & rgFound.Address ' Finds A4 Set rgFound = shLookin.Range("A1:A5").Find("Apple", LookIn:=xlCommentsThreaded) Debug.Print "Found 'Apple' as comment threaded in: " & rgFound.Address ' Finds A5 Set rgFound = shLookin.Range("A1:A5").Find("Apple", LookIn:=xlNotes) Debug.Print "Found 'Apple' as note in: " & rgFound.Address End Sub
Important note that I have used xlCommentsThreaded for the third one as threaded comments are used in Office 365. If you are using an older version that doesn’t have threaded comments then use xlComments.
Using LookAt with Find
Using the LookAt function is pretty straightforward.
- xlWhole means the search value must match the entire cell contents.
- xlPart means the search value only has to match part of the cell.
The following example has “Apple” as part of the cell contents in A2 and it is the full contents in cell A3.
The first Find in the following code finds “Apple” in A2. The second Find is looking for a full match so finds A3.
' https://excelmacromastery.com/ Sub UseLookAt() Dim cell As Range ' Finds A2 Set cell = Range("A1:A3").Find("Apple", Lookat:=xlPart) Debug.Print cell.Address ' Finds A3 Set cell = Range("A1:A3").Find("Apple", Lookat:=xlWhole) Debug.Print cell.Address End Sub
You can try these example for yourself by downloading the workbook from the top of the post.
Using SearchOrder with Find
The SearchOrder parameter allows us to search by row or by column. In the following sample data we have two occurrences of the text “Elli”.
If we search by row we will find the “Elli” in B2 first. This is because we search in the order row 1, then row 2 etc.
If we search by column we will find the “Elli” in A5 first. This is because we search in the order column A, the Column B etc.
The following code shows an example of using the SearchOrder with this sample data
' https://excelmacromastery.com/ Sub UseSearchOrder() Dim cell As Range ' Finds B2 Set cell = Range("A1:B6").Find("Elli", SearchOrder:=xlRows) Debug.Print cell.Address ' Finds A5 Set cell = Range("A1:B6").Find("Elli", SearchOrder:=xlColumns) Debug.Print cell.Address End Sub
Using SearchDirection with Find
SearchDirection allows you to search forward or backward. So imagine you have the range A1:A7. Searching using xlNext will go in the order
A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7
Searching using xlPrevious will go in the order
A7, A6, A5, A4, A3, A2, A1
Using xlNext with the sample data will return A2 as this where it finds the first match. Using xlPrevious will return A6.
' NOTE: Underscore allows breaking up a line ' https://excelmacromastery.com/ Sub UseSearchDirection() Dim cell As Range ' Finds A2 Set cell = shData.Range("A1:A7") _ .Find("Elli", SearchDirection:=xlNext) Debug.Print cell.Address ' Finds A6 Set cell = shData.Range("A1:A7") _ .Find("Elli", SearchDirection:=xlPrevious) Debug.Print cell.Address End Sub
Using xlPrevious with After
It you use the After parameter with xlPrevious then it will start before from the After cell. So if we set the After cell to be A6 then the search order will be
A5,A4,A3,A2,A1,A7,A6.
The following code shows an example of this
' https://excelmacromastery.com/ Sub UseSearchDirectionAfter() Dim cell As Range ' Finds A2 Set cell = shData.Range("A1:A7").Find("Elli" _ , After:=Range("A6"), SearchDirection:=xlPrevious) Debug.Print cell.Address ' Finds A6 Set cell = shData.Range("A1:A7").Find("Elli" _ , After:=Range("A7"), SearchDirection:=xlPrevious) Debug.Print cell.Address End Sub
Using MatchCase with Find
The MatchCase parameter is used to determine if the case of the letters matters in the search. It can be set to True or False.
- True – the case of the letters must match
- False – the case of the letters does not matter
The following sample list has two entries for “Elli”. The second has a small letter e
The following code examples show the result of setting MatchCase to True and False
' https://excelmacromastery.com/ Sub UseMatchCase() Dim cell As Range ' Finds A2 Set cell = Range("A1:B6").Find("elli", MatchCase:=False) Debug.Print cell.Address ' Finds A6 Set cell = Range("A1:B6").Find("elli", MatchCase:=True) Debug.Print cell.Address End Sub
Using MatchByte with Find
The MatchByte parameter is used for languages with a double-byte character set. These are languages such as Chinese/Japanese/Korean.
If you are not using them then this parameter is not relevant. They are used as follows
- True means to match only double-byte characters with double-byte characters.
- False means to double-byte characters can match with single or double-byte characters.
Using the WildCard
We can use the asterisk symbol(*) as a wild card when searching for text. The asterisk represents one or more characters.
For example
“T*” will find any word that starts with T.
“To*” will find any word that starts with To.
“*y” will find any word that ends with y.
“*ey” will find any word that ends with ey.
The code below shows examples of using the wildcard based on this data:
' Examples of using the wild card ' https://excelmacromastery.com/excel-vba-find/ Sub WildCard() Dim rgFound As Range ' Finds Tom in A2 Set rgFound = shWildCard.Range("A1:A6").Find("T*") Debug.Print rgFound.Value & " was found in cell " & rgFound.Address ' Finds Tim in A5 Set rgFound = shWildCard.Range("A1:A6").Find("Ti*") Debug.Print rgFound.Value & " was found in cell " & rgFound.Address ' Finds Tommy in A4 Set rgFound = shWildCard.Range("A1:A6").Find("*my") Debug.Print rgFound.Value & " was found in cell " & rgFound.Address ' Finds Ellen in A3 Set rgFound = shWildCard.Range("A1:A6").Find("*len*") Debug.Print rgFound.Value & " was found in cell " & rgFound.Address ' Finds Helen in A6 Set rgFound = shWildCard.Range("A1:A6").Find("*elen*") Debug.Print rgFound.Value & " was found in cell " & rgFound.Address End Sub
Using SearchFormat with Find
Search Format is a bit different than the other parameters. It allows you to search for a cell format such as font type or cell color.
You need to set the format first by using the Application.FindFormat property. Then you set SearchFormat to True to search for this format.
In the following sample data, we have two cells formatted. Cell A5 is set to Bold and Cell A6 has the fill colour set to red.
The following code searches for the bold cell:
' Find the cell which has a bold format ' https://excelmacromastery.com/excel-vba-find/ Sub UseSearchFormat() Dim findText As String findText = "Elli" ' Clear previous formats and set new format Application.FindFormat.Clear Application.FindFormat.Font.Bold = True ' Finds A2 Dim rgFound As Range Set rgFound = Range("A1:A6").Find(findText, SearchFormat:=False) Debug.Print "Found '" & findText & "' in cell: " & rgFound.Address ' Finds A5 Set rgFound = Range("A1:A6").Find(findText, SearchFormat:=True) Debug.Print "Found '" & findText & "' in cell: " & rgFound.Address Application.FindFormat.Clear End Sub
Using Wild Card with Format
You can search for a cell based on the format only. In other words, the value in the cell is ignored in the search. You do this by placing “*” in the search string.
The following code searches for a cell that is formatted – the cell color in this example is set to red. The contents of the cell do not matter:
' Find the cell which is formatted - contents do not matter ' https://excelmacromastery.com/excel-vba-find/ Sub UseSearchFormatWild() ' Clear previous formats and set new format Application.FindFormat.Clear Application.FindFormat.Interior.Color = rgbRed ' Finds A2 as it ignores the format and finds the first cell with any contents Dim rgFound As Range Set rgFound = shSearchFormat.Range("A1:B6").Find("*", SearchFormat:=False) Debug.Print "Found format in cell: " & rgFound.Address ' Finds A5 as this is first cell with the format set to interior color as red Set rgFound = shSearchFormat.Range("A1:B6").Find("*", SearchFormat:=True) Debug.Print "Found format in cell: " & rgFound.Address Application.FindFormat.Clear End Sub
Important – Clearing Format
When you set the FindFormat attributes they remain in place until you set them again. This is something to watch out for.
For example, imagine you set the format to bold and then use Find. Then you set the format to font size 12 and use Find again. The search will look for cells where the font is bold AND of size 12.
Therefore, it is a good idea to clear the format before you use it as I have done in the above examples.
Application.FindFormat.Clear
You can see we used this in the second SearchFormat example above.
Multiple Searches
In many cases you will want to search for multiple occurrences of the same value. To do this we use the Find function first. Then we use the .FindNext function to find the next item.
.FindNext searches based on the setting we used in the Find. The following code shows a simple example of finding the first and second occurrences of the text “Elli”.
' https://excelmacromastery.com/ Sub SearchNext() Dim cell As Range ' Find first - A2 Set cell = Range("A1:A9").Find("Elli") Debug.Print "Found: " & cell.Address ' Find second - A5 Set cell = Range("A1:A9").FindNext(cell) Debug.Print "Found: " & cell.Address End Sub
Sometimes you won’t know how many occurrences there is. In this case we use a loop to keep searching until we have found all the items.
We use Find to get the first item. If we find an item we then use a Do Loop with .FindNext to find the rest of the occurrences.
FindNext will wrap around. That is, after it finds A9 it will continue the search at A1. Therefore, we store the address of the first cell we find. When FindNext returns this cell again we know we have found all the items.
The following code will find all the occurrences of Elli
' https://excelmacromastery.com/ Sub MultipleSearch() ' Get name to search Dim name As String: name = "Elli" ' Get search range Dim rgSearch As Range Set rgSearch = Range("A1:A9") Dim cell As Range Set cell = rgSearch.Find(name) ' If not found then exit If cell Is Nothing Then Debug.Print "Not found" Exit Sub End If ' Store first cell address Dim firstCellAddress As String firstCellAddress = cell.Address ' Find all cells containing Elli Do Debug.Print "Found: " & cell.Address Set cell = rgSearch.FindNext(cell) Loop While firstCellAddress <> cell.Address End Sub
The output from this code is
Found: $A$2
Found: $A$5
Found: $A$8
Finding the Last Cell Containing Data
A very common task in VBA is finding the last cell that contains data in a row or colum. This does not use the VBA Find function. Instead, we use the following code to find the last row with data
' Find the last row with data in column A LastRow = Cells(Rows.Count, 1).End(xlUp).Row ' Find the last row with data in column C LastRow = Cells(Rows.Count, 3).End(xlUp).Row
To find the last column with data we use similar code
' Find the last column with data in row 1 lLastCol = Cells(1, Columns.Count).End(xlToLeft).Column ' Find the last column with data in row 3 lLastCol = Cells(3, Columns.Count).End(xlToLeft).Column
Finding Cells with Patterns
If you want to find cells with certain patterns then you have to use the Like operator rather than Find.
For example, to find the all the names starting with E you could use the following code
' Print all names starting with the letter E ' https://excelmacromastery.com/ Sub PatternMatch() Dim cell As Range ' Go through each cell in range For Each cell In Range("A1:A20") ' Check the pattern If cell Like "[E]*" Then Debug.Print cell End If Next End Sub
To see a real-world example of using pattern matching check out Example 3: Check if a filename is valid.
An Alternative to using VBA Find
If you are expecting a large number of hits then using an array is a better option. You can read a range of cells to an array very quickly and efficiently.
The following code reads the cell values to an array and then reads through the array to count the items.
' https://excelmacromastery.com/ Sub UseArrayToCount() Dim arr As Variant ' read cell range to array arr = Sheet2.Range("A1:B25").Value Dim name As Variant, cnt As Long ' Go through the array For Each name In arr ' Count in the name 'Ray' is found If name = "Ray" Then cnt = cnt + 1 End If Next name Debug.Print "The number of occurrences was: " & cnt End Sub
Find and Replace
To do a find and Replace you can use the Replace function. It is very similar to using the Find function.
The replace function is outside the scope of this post although a lot of what you read here can be used with it. You can see the details of it at Microsoft – VBA Replace Function
What’s Next?
Free VBA Tutorial If you are new to VBA or you want to sharpen your existing VBA skills then why not try out the The Ultimate VBA Tutorial.
Related Training: Get full access to the Excel VBA training webinars and all the tutorials.
(NOTE: Planning to build or manage a VBA Application? Learn how to build 10 Excel VBA applications from scratch.)
Поиск какого-либо значения в ячейках Excel довольно часто встречающаяся задача при программировании какого-либо макроса. Решить ее можно разными способами. Однако, в разных ситуациях использование того или иного способа может быть не оправданным. В данной статье я рассмотрю 2 наиболее распространенных способа.
Поиск перебором значений
Довольно простой в реализации способ. Например, найти в колонке «A» ячейку, содержащую «123» можно примерно так:
Sheets("Данные").Select For y = 1 To Cells.SpecialCells(xlLastCell).Row If Cells(y, 1) = "123" Then Exit For End If Next y MsgBox "Нашел в строке: " + CStr(y)
Минусами этого так сказать «классического» способа являются: медленная работа и громоздкость. А плюсом является его гибкость, т.к. таким способом можно реализовать сколь угодно сложные варианты поиска с различными вычислениями и т.п.
Поиск функцией Find
Гораздо быстрее обычного перебора и при этом довольно гибкий. В простейшем случае, чтобы найти в колонке A ячейку, содержащую «123» достаточно такого кода:
Sheets("Данные").Select Set fcell = Columns("A:A").Find("123") If Not fcell Is Nothing Then MsgBox "Нашел в строке: " + CStr(fcell.Row) End If
Вкратце опишу что делают строчки данного кода:
1-я строка: Выбираем в книге лист «Данные»;
2-я строка: Осуществляем поиск значения «123» в колонке «A», результат поиска будет в fcell;
3-я строка: Если удалось найти значение, то fcell будет содержать Range-объект, в противном случае — будет пустой, т.е. Nothing.
Полностью синтаксис оператора поиска выглядит так:
Find(What, After, LookIn, LookAt, SearchOrder, SearchDirection, MatchCase, MatchByte, SearchFormat)
What — Строка с текстом, который ищем или любой другой тип данных Excel
After — Ячейка, после которой начать поиск. Обратите внимание, что это должна быть именно единичная ячейка, а не диапазон. Поиск начинается после этой ячейки, а не с нее. Поиск в этой ячейке произойдет только когда весь диапазон будет просмотрен и поиск начнется с начала диапазона и до этой ячейки включительно.
LookIn — Тип искомых данных. Может принимать одно из значений: xlFormulas (формулы), xlValues (значения), или xlNotes (примечания).
LookAt — Одно из значений: xlWhole (полное совпадение) или xlPart (частичное совпадение).
SearchOrder — Одно из значений: xlByRows (просматривать по строкам) или xlByColumns (просматривать по столбцам)
SearchDirection — Одно из значений: xlNext (поиск вперед) или xlPrevious (поиск назад)
MatchCase — Одно из значений: True (поиск чувствительный к регистру) или False (поиск без учета регистра)
MatchByte — Применяется при использовании мультибайтных кодировок: True (найденный мультибайтный символ должен соответствовать только мультибайтному символу) или False (найденный мультибайтный символ может соответствовать однобайтному символу)
SearchFormat — Используется вместе с FindFormat. Сначала задается значение FindFormat (например, для поиска ячеек с курсивным шрифтом так: Application.FindFormat.Font.Italic = True), а потом при использовании метода Find указываем параметр SearchFormat = True. Если при поиске не нужно учитывать формат ячеек, то нужно указать SearchFormat = False.
Чтобы продолжить поиск, можно использовать FindNext (искать «далее») или FindPrevious (искать «назад»).
Примеры поиска функцией Find
Пример 1: Найти в диапазоне «A1:A50» все ячейки с текстом «asd» и поменять их все на «qwe»
With Worksheets(1).Range("A1:A50") Set c = .Find("asd", LookIn:=xlValues) Do While Not c Is Nothing c.Value = "qwe" Set c = .FindNext(c) Loop End With
Обратите внимание: Когда поиск достигнет конца диапазона, функция продолжит искать с начала диапазона. Таким образом, если значение найденной ячейки не менять, то приведенный выше пример зациклится в бесконечном цикле. Поэтому, чтобы этого избежать (зацикливания), можно сделать следующим образом:
Пример 2: Правильный поиск значения с использованием FindNext, не приводящий к зацикливанию.
With Worksheets(1).Range("A1:A50") Set c = .Find("asd", lookin:=xlValues) If Not c Is Nothing Then firstResult = c.Address Do c.Font.Bold = True Set c = .FindNext(c) If c Is Nothing Then Exit Do Loop While c.Address <> firstResult End If End With
В ниже следующем примере используется другой вариант продолжения поиска — с помощью той же функции Find с параметром After. Когда найдена очередная ячейка, следующий поиск будет осуществляться уже после нее. Однако, как и с FindNext, когда будет достигнут конец диапазона, Find продолжит поиск с его начала, поэтому, чтобы не произошло зацикливания, необходимо проверять совпадение с первым результатом поиска.
Пример 3: Продолжение поиска с использованием Find с параметром After.
With Worksheets(1).Range("A1:A50") Set c = .Find("asd", lookin:=xlValues) If Not c Is Nothing Then firstResult = c.Address Do c.Font.Bold = True Set c = .Find("asd", After:=c, lookin:=xlValues) If c Is Nothing Then Exit Do Loop While c.Address <> firstResult End If End With
Следующий пример демонстрирует применение SearchFormat для поиска по формату ячейки. Для указания формата необходимо задать свойство FindFormat.
Пример 4: Найти все ячейки с шрифтом «курсив» и поменять их формат на обычный (не «курсив»)
lLastRow = Cells.SpecialCells(xlLastCell).Row lLastCol = Cells.SpecialCells(xlLastCell).Column Application.FindFormat.Font.Italic = True With Worksheets(1).Range(Cells(1, 1), Cells(lLastRow, lLastCol)) Set c = .Find("", SearchFormat:=True) Do While Not c Is Nothing c.Font.Italic = False Set c = .Find("", After:=c, SearchFormat:=True) Loop End With
Примечание: В данном примере намеренно не используется FindNext для поиска следующей ячейки, т.к. он не учитывает формат (статья об этом: https://support.microsoft.com/ru-ru/kb/282151)
Коротко опишу алгоритм поиска Примера 4. Первые две строки определяют последнюю строку (lLastRow) на листе и последний столбец (lLastCol). 3-я строка задает формат поиска, в данном случае, будем искать ячейки с шрифтом Italic. 4-я строка определяет область ячеек с которой будет работать программа (с ячейки A1 и до последней строки и последнего столбца). 5-я строка осуществляет поиск с использованием SearchFormat. 6-я строка — цикл пока результат поиска не будет пустым. 7-я строка — меняем шрифт на обычный (не курсив), 8-я строка продолжаем поиск после найденной ячейки.
Хочу обратить внимание на то, что в этом примере я не стал использовать «защиту от зацикливания», как в Примерах 2 и 3, т.к. шрифт меняется и после «прохождения» по всем ячейкам, больше не останется ни одной ячейки с курсивом.
Свойство FindFormat можно задавать разными способами, например, так:
With Application.FindFormat.Font .Name = "Arial" .FontStyle = "Regular" .Size = 10 End With
Поиск последней заполненной ячейки с помощью Find
Следующий пример — применение функции Find для поиска последней ячейки с заполненными данными. Использованные в Примере 4 SpecialCells находит последнюю ячейку даже если она не содержит ничего, но отформатирована или в ней раньше были данные, но были удалены.
Пример 5: Найти последнюю колонку и столбец, заполненные данными
Set c = Worksheets(1).UsedRange.Find("*", SearchDirection:=xlPrevious) If Not c Is Nothing Then lLastRow = c.Row: lLastCol = c.Column Else lLastRow = 1: lLastCol = 1 End If MsgBox "lLastRow=" & lLastRow & " lLastCol=" & lLastCol
В этом примере используется UsedRange, который так же как и SpecialCells возвращает все используемые ячейки, в т.ч. и те, что были использованы ранее, а сейчас пустые. Функция Find ищет ячейку с любым значением с конца диапазона.
Поиск по шаблону (маске)
При поиске можно так же использовать шаблоны, чтобы найти текст по маске, следующий пример это демонстрирует.
Пример 6: Выделить красным шрифтом ячейки, в которых текст начинается со слова из 4-х букв, первая и последняя буквы «т», при этом после этого слова может следовать любой текст.
With Worksheets(1).Cells Set c = .Find("т??т*", LookIn:=xlValues, LookAt:=xlWhole) If Not c Is Nothing Then firstResult = c.Address Do c.Font.Color = RGB(255, 0, 0) Set c = .FindNext(c) If c Is Nothing Then Exit Do Loop While c.Address <> firstResult End If End With
Для поиска функцией Find по маске (шаблону) можно применять символы:
* — для обозначения любого количества любых символов;
? — для обозначения одного любого символа;
~ — для обозначения символов *, ? и ~. (т.е. чтобы искать в тексте вопросительный знак, нужно написать ~?, чтобы искать именно звездочку (*), нужно написать ~* и наконец, чтобы найти в тексте тильду, необходимо написать ~~)
Поиск в скрытых строках и столбцах
Для поиска в скрытых ячейках нужно учитывать лишь один нюанс: поиск нужно осуществлять в формулах, а не в значениях, т.е. нужно использовать LookIn:=xlFormulas
Поиск даты с помощью Find
Если необходимо найти текущую дату или какую-то другую дату на листе Excel или в диапазоне с помощью Find, необходимо учитывать несколько нюансов:
- Тип данных Date в VBA представляется в виде #[месяц]/[день]/[год]#, соответственно, если необходимо найти фиксированную дату, например, 01 марта 2018 года, необходимо искать #3/1/2018#, а не «01.03.2018»
- В зависимости от формата ячеек, дата может выглядеть по-разному, поэтому, чтобы искать дату независимо от формата, поиск нужно делать не в значениях, а в формулах, т.е. использовать LookIn:=xlFormulas
Приведу несколько примеров поиска даты.
Пример 7: Найти текущую дату на листе независимо от формата отображения даты.
d = Date Set c = Cells.Find(d, LookIn:=xlFormulas, LookAt:=xlWhole) If Not c Is Nothing Then MsgBox "Нашел" Else MsgBox "Не нашел" End If
Пример 8: Найти 1 марта 2018 г.
d = #3/1/2018# Set c = Cells.Find(d, LookIn:=xlFormulas, LookAt:=xlWhole) If Not c Is Nothing Then MsgBox "Нашел" Else MsgBox "Не нашел" End If
Искать часть даты — сложнее. Например, чтобы найти все ячейки, где месяц «март», недостаточно искать «03» или «3». Не работает с датами так же и поиск по шаблону. Единственный вариант, который я нашел — это выбрать формат в котором месяц прописью для ячеек с датами и искать слово «март» в xlValues.
Тем не менее, можно найти, например, 1 марта независимо от года.
Пример 9: Найти 1 марта любого года.
d = #3/1/1900# Set c = Cells.Find(Format(d, "m/d/"), LookIn:=xlFormulas, LookAt:=xlPart) If Not c Is Nothing Then MsgBox "Нашел" Else MsgBox "Не нашел" End If
The Range.Find method returns a range object for the first cell that matches the lookup value.
Macro used in workbook above
Sub Macro1() MsgBox Range("B3:B8").Find(Range("D3")).Address End Sub
The macro above uses the Range.Find method to search cell range B3:B8 for the lookup value in cell D3. A message box shows the address of the found cell.
Table of Contents
- RANGE.FIND Syntax
- RANGE.FIND Arguments
- RANGE.FIND Comments
- RANGE.FIND — Value not found
- RANGE.FIND — Find multiple values
- RANGE.FIND — Return adjacent value
- Get Excel *.xlsm file
1. Range.Find Syntax
expression.Find( What , After , LookIn , LookAt , SearchOrder, SearchDirection , MatchCase , MatchByte , SearchFormat )
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2. Range.find Arguments
expression | Required. Range object. |
what | Required. The lookup value. |
after | Optional. Where you want the search to begin. Note, it begins searching the cell after this cell. Must be a single cell. Default cell is A1. |
lookin | Optional. XlFindLookIn constants: xlFormulas — xlValues — xlNotes — |
lookat | Optional. XlLookat constants: xlWhole xlPart |
searchorder | Optional. XlSearchOrder constants: xlByRows xlByColumns |
searchdirection | Optional. XlSearchDirection constants: xlNext (1) — Search for the next matching value in range. xlPrevious (2) — Search for the previous matching value in range. |
matchcase | Optional. True — Case sensitive search. Default value is False. |
matchbyte | Optional. For double-byte characters support. True — Double-byte characters match double-byte characters. False — Double-byte characters match single-byte characters. Default value. |
searchformat | Optional. |
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3. Range.Find Comments
The Find method is not going to change the selection or the active cell, it only returns the range object of the found value.
The LookIn, LookAt, SearchOrder, and MatchByte are automatically saved each time you use the Find method. The saved values are used if don’t specify these arguments. The Find dialog box changes these settings as well and vice versa meaning the Find method changes the Find dialog box settings. Make sure you specify these arguments each time you use the Find method to prevent unpredictable behavior.
It also looks like that the what argument is also saved to the Find dialog box.
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4. Example 1 — Value not found
The macro returns an error if the value is not found. Run-Time error ’91’: Object variable or With block variable not set. To handle the error see the following macro.
Sub Macro2() If Range("B3:B8").Find(Range("D3")) Is Nothing Then MsgBox "Value not found" Else MsgBox Range("B3:B8").Find(Range("D3")).Address End If End Sub
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5. Example 2 — Find multiple values
The following macro iterates through each found value and saves the cell address to a variable, the msgbox then shows the variable.
Sub Macro3() With Range("B3:B8") If .Find(Range("D3")) Is Nothing Then MsgBox "Value not found" Else Set a = .Find(Range("D3")) Set b = a c = a.Address Do While Not .FindNext(b) Is Nothing And a.Address <> .FindNext(b).Address c = c & vbNewLine & .FindNext(b).Address Set b = .FindNext(b) Loop End If End With MsgBox c End Sub
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6. Example 3 — Return adjacent value
The image above demonstrates the macro below, it saves the adjacent values to each found value in cell range B3:B8 using the lookup value in cell E3 to a variable. The msgbox then shows the contents of the variable.
Sub Macro4() With Range("B3:B8") If .Find(Range("E3")) Is Nothing Then MsgBox "Value not found" Else Set a = .Find(Range("E3")) Set b = a c = a.Offset(, 1).Value Do While Not .FindNext(b) Is Nothing And a.Address <> .FindNext(b).Address c = c & vbNewLine & .FindNext(b).Offset(, 1).Value Set b = .FindNext(b) Loop End If End With MsgBox c End Sub
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Get Excel *.xlsm
How to use the Range.Find method.xlsm
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You will find everything you need to know on the Excel VBA Find function. The Range Find function allows you to find cells within your Excel worksheet (and workbook) that contain a certain text or value. In this post let us explore the many ways in which you can use the Find function.
Looking to search text within VBA strings instead? See the VBA InStr and VBA InStrRev functions
Before we show how to use VBA to search for text within an Excel spreadsheet let us first see how to do it Excel and explore the usually unknown features of the famous CTRL+F combo. See below where you can find it within the Home ribbon and Editing group.
By clicking the above or simply using the key combo CTRL+F we can enter the Find & Replace modal window.
As you notice above Excel easily finds 10 matches for the cells on the left. However there are several more interesting search combinations you can use, including usage of wildcards you can use to get more specific patterns. See some examples below:
Find | Matches |
---|---|
some*text |
|
some ? |
|
some*e*a |
|
As you might have already noticed I used 2 types of wildcards above:
- * – the asterisk symbol represents zero or many of any type of characters. It can be injected between characters to replace either no or any number of characters.
- ? – the question mark represents at least 1 character.
Now that we have a hand of the basic features of Excel in terms of word search let us move to how to use Excel VBA to find cells containing specific text.
VBA Range Find function
The VBA Find function is in fact a function of the Excel VBA Range object class. See Microsoft documentation for more details. A VBA Range represents any subset of cells within a spreadsheet – it can be a single cell, entire row or a patchwork of different cells and other Ranges. Executing the Find function in fact limits the search to only the cells within its Range object.
Below is the definition of the VBA Range Find function and its parameters:
.Find(What, [After] [LookIn], [LookAt], [SearchOrder], [SearchDirection], [MatchCase], [MatchByte], [SearchFormat])
The Find function returns only the first match within the Range. To search for next items you need to follow it up with the FindNext function.
Parameter | Required | Description |
---|---|---|
What | Required | The value you are searching for |
After | Optional | The cell range from which you start your search from |
LookIn | Optional | What to search in e.g. Formulas, Values or Comments – constants of XlFindLookIn: xlValues, xlFormulas, xlComments, xlCommentsThreaded |
LookAt | Optional | Whether to search in a part of the string in a cell or whether it needs to match the entire cell string – constants of XlLookAt: xlWhole, xlPart |
SearchOrder | Optional | The sequence of the search i.e. whether to search by rows or columns – constants of XlSearchOrder: xlByRows or xlByColumns |
SearchDirection | Optional | Whether to search forward (next) or backwards (previous) – constants of XlSearchDirection: xlNext, xlPrevious |
MatchCase | Optional | Case sensitive or not – True or False |
MatchByte | Optional | Used for double byte languages. True to have double-byte characters match only double-byte characters – True or False |
SearchFormat | Optional | Allow searching by format. See Application.FindFormat – True or False |
VBA Find – simple example
We will start with a very simple VBA Range Find function example – searching for a single cell within the entire Excel active spreadsheet:
Dim ws As Worksheet Set ws = ActiveSheet Debug.Print ws.Cells.Find("some")
Output:
some text
As you can see it found the first match within the Activesheet (currently open and top spreadsheet) and returned the found value.
VBA Find All
Finding all matches is a little more complicated in VBA than in Excel. We will need to use Do While loop to run via all matches:
Dim searchRange As Range, found As Range, firstFind As Range 'Set the search range to the entire worksheet Set searchRange = ActiveSheet.Cells 'Search for the first match Set found = searchRange.Find("some") 'Save the first found cell to check later whether we have completed the search Set firstFind = found 'Loop through all items using FindNext Range function Do If Not (found Is Nothing) Then Debug.Print found.Value Set found = searchRange.FindNext(found) End If Loop While Not (found = firstFind)
Output:
some text some other text someone something somedeal someones somerset someway somewhat somewhen
I highlighted above 2 key functions that were used the Range Find Function and the Range FindNext Function. As I mentioned above the Find function will only return the first match. To get next matches you need to run FindNext on the original range. This is I am executing FindNext on the searchRange variable and not the found variable.
Another interesting point to notice is the Do While…loop. Notice I am comparing the found variable to the firstFind variable. This is because when running FindNext it will at some point move to the first match once again and thus never end… it will just keep going in a cirle! Thus the loop is set to end once the FindNext function returns the same first cell.
Find using Wildcards
As mentioned above you can use 2 types of wildcards the asterisk * (zero or more characters) and the question mark ? (at least 1 character) to match slightly more complicates cases.
Dim ws As Worksheet Set ws = ActiveSheet Debug.Print ws.Cells.Find("some ?") 'Output: some text Debug.Print ws.Cells.Find("some*w") 'Output: someway
VBA Find with After
To remind the After parameter of the Excel VBA Range Find function defines where you will start your search. It is useful when you don’t want to redefine your range just for the purpose of the search activity. See the example below:
Debug.Print Range("B2:B5").Find("some ?", After:=Range("B3"))
Output:
someone
As you can see below the Find function starts searching for the “some” string just after cell B3 i.e. it will start at B4 where it finds the first matching string.
Find After – avoid wrap around
Even if we specify that the VBA Range Find function should start searching for the string after a specified cell, it might wrap around back to the beginning of the Range we specified if it does not find a match when going down. See example below to understand:
Debug.Print Range("B2:B5").Find("some*text", After:=Range("B3"))
Output:
some text
As you see the search started at B4 however once the search pattern “some*text” was not found until B5 the function resumed search on the remaining cells B2:B3 to find “some text”.
Find After Avoid wrapping using VBA Find
What to do to avoid this wrapping? We can check whether the found text is not within the preceding range using the Application.Intersect function.
If the found cell is before our After cell then we can handle it as such:
Set found = Range("B2:B5").Find("some*text", After:=Range("B3")) If Intersect(Range("B2:B3"), found) Is Nothing Then Debug.Print "Found text: " & found.Value Else Debug.Print "Text found is within excluded range" End If
Output:
Text found is within excluded range
However if the found cell is only After the cell we specified then it will show like this:
Set found = Range("B2:B5").Find("some", After:=Range("B3")) If Intersect(Range("B2:B3"), found) Is Nothing Then Debug.Print "Found text: " & found.Value Else Debug.Print "Text found is within excluded range" End If
Output:
Found text: someone
Find in Values, Formulas, Comments
The VBA Range Find function allows you not only to search within Values (the evalution of your Excel formulas). It can also search instead (or including) within Formulas, Comments and even Excel Threaded Comments.
Let us explore how to use the LookIn parameter to look into specific attributes of a cell.
In the code below we will search for the word dog within Values, Formulas, Notes and Threaded Comments (just the first one). We will return the address first. Notice that for Formulas the result was the same – this is because the Value and Formula is the same in this case.
Debug.Print Range("A1:D4").Find("dog", LookIn:=xlValues).AddressLocal 'Output: $A$2 Debug.Print Range("A1:D4").Find("dog", LookIn:=xlFormulas).AddressLocal 'Output: $A$2 - as the formula and value for "dog" are the same in this case Debug.Print Range("A1:D4").Find("This is a dog", LookIn:=xlFormulas).AddressLocal 'Output: $B$2 Debug.Print Range("A1:D4").Find("dog", LookIn:=xlNotes).AddressLocal 'Output: $C$2 Debug.Print Range("A1:D4").Find("dog", LookIn:=xlCommentsThreaded).AddressLocal 'Output: $D$2
The same code but this time returning the actual Value, Formula, Note or Comment:
Debug.Print Range("A1:D4").Find("dog", LookIn:=xlValues).Value 'Output: dog Debug.Print Range("A1:D4").Find("dog", LookIn:=xlFormulas).Formula2Local 'Output: dog Debug.Print Range("A1:D4").Find("This is a dog", LookIn:=xlFormulas).Formula2Local 'Output: =IF(A2="Dog", "This is a Dog","Other") Debug.Print Range("A1:D4").Find("dog", LookIn:=xlNotes).NoteText 'Output: This is a note about a dog Debug.Print Range("A1:D4").Find("dog", LookIn:=xlCommentsThreaded).CommentThreaded.Text 'Output: This is a threaded comment about a dog
Find After – avoid wrap around
Complex patterns for Find
In some cases the pattern you want to find might be more complicated such as e.g. looking for cells with any sequence of numbers, emails, addresses, phone numbers etc. In this case the VBA Range Find function will be too limited. However, there is a solution with the help of so call VBA Regular Expressions. Regular Expressions help define almost any search pattern and are widely used in other programming languages.
If you want to learn more read my VBA Regex Tutorial otherwise a very simple example below.
In below code snippet we would like to find only phone numbers – so we will create a simple expression that finds any sequence of digits.
'Define the Regular Expression Dim regex As Object Set regex = CreateObject("VBScript.RegExp") With regex 'We will look only for sequences of at least 1 digit .Pattern = "[0-9]+" End With 'Search in all cells within the Range Dim r As Range For Each r In Range("A1:D4") If regex.Test(r.Value) Then Debug.Print "Found a match: " & r.AddressLocal End If Next r
Found a match: $A$3