Two sentences become a sentence, using transitions words or phrases that link sentences and paragraphs together smoothly so that there are no abrupt jumps or breaks between ideas. Here is a list of some common transition word that can be helpful for writer to use the word to link two sentences.
Click on the links below to take you to sample transition words and sample sentences
- Words that Add information
- Words that show Conclusion
- Words that Repeat information
- Words that show Comparison
- Words that show Contrasts or Differences
- Words that show a Time relationship
- Words that Limit or Prepare for an example
- Words that show Cause (explain why)
- Words that show Effect/Result
- Words that Assert obvious truth or Grant opposition
NOTE: the words that show transition are bold.
Words that ADD information:
Words that ADD informationalsoandanotherbesidefirst, second, third,…furthermorein additionmoreover
- The little girl put on her yellow shirt and brown overalls.
- Chris is on the basketball team this semester at Indiana School for the Deaf. In addition, he is on the soccer team.
- We will be here for one more week so we can finish up our work. Another reason we are staying longer is because we do not want to miss the Deaf Way conference.
- First of all, pour a half-cup of milk in the bowl; second, add two eggs; and third, stir the mixture.
- I admire I. King Jordan because he is the first deaf president of Gallaudet. Besides that, I admire him because he is a great long distance runner. Furthermore, he is a dedicated family man. All in all, there is not much to dislike about the man, except he is too perfect!
- Crystal likes camping in the mountains. Also, Crystal is an experienced hiker./li>
- Texas School for the Deaf is perfectly located. Moreover, it has a strong academic program. For example, the school has a preschool program where both deaf and hearing children learn together.
Words that show CONCLUSION:
Words that show CONCLUSION Finally, in conclusion, to conclude, to sum up.
- There were a lot of problems discussed at the meeting. Finally, after a few hours, we were able to prioritize the problems in the order we wanted to solve the problems.
- Many parents and students have been complaining about the program. For example, scores on the end-of-grade tests have gone down from last year; teachers are not very motivated; and everyone is frustrated. To sum up, some improvements in the middle school program need to be made.
- To conclude, I want to wish you all a very happy holiday season.
- There was a malfunction in the smoke machines and lights, the curtains would not open and close properly, and one of the actors was sick with no stand-in. In conclusion, the play was a disaster.
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Words that REPEAT information
Words that REPEAT informationin fact, in other words, once again, to put it another way, to repeat
- That area is very dangerous for you to bike in. To repeat, I warn you not to go there.
- Lisa decided not to go to King Islands. In fact she told me, “No, way.”
- I feel that our last Student Council meeting did not go well. In other words, it was a fine mess.
- Sally has lost an oar on her boat and she is in big trouble. To put it another way, Sally has to find a different method of rowing or she will sink!
Words that show COMPARISON:
Words that show COMPARISONas, as in, like, manner as, likely comparison likewise, in comparison, similarly
- At St. Rita School for the Deaf, a private school, there is a dress code that mandates how the students are to dress. The boys must wear a pair of pants and dress shirts. Similarly, the strict dress code requires plaid skirts and blouses for the girls.
- Like her grandmother, Sally loves the Gallaudet Homecoming football game.
- The news reported that Montana would be very cold this week. I said, “Likewise, Rochester will be, too.”
- Ronda bought a new Saturn car; so in like manner the rest of her friends did the same thing.
- By comparison, Greensboro, N.C. is much smaller than Washington, D.C. is.
- The cat acts as if he is the boss of the house.
- The cat is as proud as a king.
- Bob loves to go to parties. In comparison, Sue loves to stay at home with her family.
- Compared to seven years ago when the printer worked well, it has been “ill” a great deal of the time in recent weeks.
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Words that show CONTRASTS or DIFFERENCES:
Words that show CONTRASTS or DIFFERENCES although, but, however, in contrast, in spite of, nevertheless, nonetheless, rather than, though, unlike, yet
- I am not able to go to the beach with you. Nevertheless, thanks for asking me.
- Karen’s cat, Salem is so unlike Midnight. Midnight likes to nap a lot and Salem likes to play a lot.
- The idea of attending the play at Gallaudet is nice. However, the Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research conference is scheduled at the same time.
- He prefers to attend the play rather than attending the conference.
- Though I eat green beans because they are healthy, I hate them.
- Although Steven was extremely tired, he washed the dishes.
- The play was great, nonetheless, I was sick of seeing it after the fourth time.
- Amber, Sharon, and Megan went to Busch Gardens for the day. In spite of the cold weather, they enjoyed themselves.
- Sharon and Megan enjoyed the Loch Ness Monster ride, but Amber thought that Alpengist was faster and had more twists.
- Sharon has not visited the Land of the Dragons, yet if she had had a kid, she would have gone by now.
- Alexander Graham Bell believed in oral education for deaf children. This is in contrast to Edward Miner Gallaudet who believed in using American Sign Language to educate deaf children.
Words that show a TIME relationship:
Words that show a TIME relationship After, so much, time after that, at first, before, beginning, ending, eventually, earlier, even, whenever since following, from then, on from, time, last, later meanwhile, near, far, next, now, over, soon, still, the next day, night then while.
- Stephen went to pick up Irene before he stopped by McDonald’s for lunch.
- Karen was out with her friend last night.
- We need to wash our clothes, after that we can go to the Taste of D.C. festival.
- I can’t wait to watch “NYPD,” it is coming on soon. You can watch the rerun later this week.
- Finally, I will get to see Rick Schroder. He has not been acting much since he was a teenager.
- The beginning of the movie was sadder than the ending.
- After so much time waiting in the long line, the boys finally got their hamburgers.
- The Van Gogh art exhibit was shown earlier this month in Washington, D.C.
- Wait until tonight, then you will be able to see the full moon over Gallaudet’s Chapel Hall.
- The show is not over until the actors take their final bows at the end.
- While Missy was driving to work, she saw a deer by the roadside. She slowed down to watch the deer for a short time, then continued on her way to work.
- Even when Sally was able to, she did not bother to finish her ASL project.
- Clerc met with Gallaudet to prepare for the Congressional meeting scheduled for the next day.
- The next night was very dark and stormy. Of course, it was Halloween night!
- “Next, please,” the lady called when it was my turn to go up to the booth to have my paycheck cashed.
- Bobby’s broken ankle will heal in time for the Maryland Deaf Festival.
- That house felt very creepy inside; meanwhile, it was sunny outside.
- Eventually, Sally got tired of John calling her on the TTY all the time since she was not interested in him.
- She was still asleep when I got back home from work.
- Now, please get this truck fixed because I need it to get to school on time!
- Schools for the deaf used Sign Language until the dreadful conference in Milan; from then on, most schools for the deaf employed the oral method.
- Super Kmart is near Landmark Mall, but Ames is far away from the mall. So it would be easier to shop at Super Kmart.
- It will take two hours to go from Point A to Point B. Can you figure out how many hours it is from Point A to Point C?
- At first, I thought it was a dead animal. As I walked closer, I saw it was only a worn-out coat on the ground.
- Looking beyond this month, I predict that funding will be much better for this program.
- Everyone hid out in the hall during the hurricane, hoping they would be safe.
- Rebecca has not eaten at Lone Star ever since she became sick from eating the food.
- Following “Friends” and “Mad about You,” “ER” will be shown. “ER” is supposed to have two Deaf actresses on the show tonight.
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Words that LIMIT or PREPARE for an example:
Words that LIMIT or PREPARE for an examplefor examplefor instanceto illustratesuch as
- Not all birds eat berries. For example, vultures eat dead animals.
- Jeff is an interesting person to know. To illustrate, he knows a lot about the history of the Deaf community in Ireland.
- There are things that need to be done to improve the company. For instance, we can begin by organizing the files.
- I have a few things to take care of such as paying bills, cleaning the house, and going to the post office.
Words that show CAUSE (explain why):
Words that show CAUSE (explain why)becausebecause ofcaused by
- Midnight was not able to move around well because his hind legs were in casts. He broke them when he fell off the bookshelf.
- Did you see the tragic accident on I-85 south? It was caused by a drunk driver.
- Because it is raining today, the homecoming game and the food booths will be cancelled.
- I was late to work because of the heavy traffic.
Words that show EFFECT/RESULT:
Words that show EFFECT/RESULTSas a result, consequently, for this/that, reason, that is, why, therefore, thus
- It is raining today thus we are not going to the beach.
- The weather is supposed to be drizzly and chilly today; as a result, the Deaf Festival will be cancelled.
- I was too tired; therefore I decided not to go to the state fair last night.
- In 1903, William E. Hoy, a deaf baseball player, caught a fly ball in the ninth inning in spite of heavy fog. Consequently, Los Angles won the pennant for that year.
- Ricky worked all day, from 8am until 11pm. That is why he stayed home instead of going camping with us.
- The school bus broke down last week and has not been repaired yet. So for that reason, our dance group is unable to go to Washington, D.C. to perform at Kennedy Center.
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Words that ASSERT OBVIOUS TRUTH or GRANT OPPOSITION:
Words that ASSERT OBVIOUS TRUTH or GRANT OPPOSITIONcertainlyconceding thatgranted thatin factnaturallyno doubtof courseundoubtedlywithout a doubt
- There is no doubt that the dog buried the bone in the garden.<
- Jeff told us an undoubtedly true story that was very scary.
- The judge, without a doubt, thinks capital punishment is wrong.
- Of course, Sarah is going to the beach this weekend with her parents. She needs a break from Gallaudet.
- Naturally Steven is not going to agree with that plan. In fact, he thinks that the idea of setting up a business selling scarves on K Street would surely fail.
- Certainly, you may borrow my book on the history of the American Deaf Community. But, be sure to return it to me next week.
- Granted that Bob promised to send some money to help with the bills, yet this doesn’t mean that he will.
- Conceding that Sally is a strong skater, Rachel still believes she will be able to beat her in the Olympics. Rachel wants to become the first deaf ice skater to receive a gold medal.
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Published on
May 29, 2020
by
Jack Caulfield.
Revised on
March 15, 2023.
Transition words and phrases (also called linking words, connecting words, or transitional words) are used to link together different ideas in your text. They help the reader to follow your arguments by expressing the relationships between different sentences or parts of a sentence.
The proposed solution to the problem did not work. Therefore, we attempted a second solution. However, this solution was also unsuccessful.
For clear writing, it’s essential to understand the meaning of transition words and use them correctly.
When and how to use transition words
Transition words commonly appear at the start of a new sentence or clause (followed by a comma), serving to express how this clause relates to the previous one.
There is a lack of reliable data to establish a clear correlation between these variables. Nevertheless, it has been argued that a relationship does exist.
Transition words can also appear in the middle of a clause. It’s important to place them correctly to convey the meaning you intend.
It has nevertheless been argued that a relationship does exist.
Example text with and without transition words
The text below describes all the events it needs to, but it does not use any transition words to connect them. Because of this, it’s not clear exactly how these different events are related or what point the author is making by telling us about them.
Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. France and the United Kingdom declared war on Germany. The Soviet Union worked with Germany. They partitioned Poland. In 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union.
If we add some transition words at appropriate moments, the text reads more smoothly and the relationship among the events described becomes clearer.
Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. Consequently, France and the United Kingdom declared war on Germany. The Soviet Union initially worked with Germany in order to partition Poland. However, Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941.
Don’t overuse transition words
While transition words are essential to clear writing, it’s possible to use too many of them. Consider the following example, in which the overuse of linking words slows down the text and makes it feel repetitive.
The first experiment yielded a positive result. However, the second experiment yielded a negative result. Nonetheless, the third experiment yielded a positive result, whereas the fourth experiment yielded another negative result.
In this case the best way to fix the problem is to simplify the text so that fewer linking words are needed.
The first and third experiments yielded positive results, while the outcomes of the second and fourth experiments were negative.
The key to using transition words effectively is striking the right balance. It is difficult to follow the logic of a text with no transition words, but a text where every sentence begins with a transition word can feel over-explained.
Types and examples of transition words
There are four main types of transition word: additive, adversative, causal, and sequential.
Within each category, words are divided into several more specific functions.
Remember that transition words with similar meanings are not necessarily interchangeable. It’s important to understand the meaning of all the transition words you use. If unsure, consult a dictionary to find the precise definition.
Additive transition words
Additive transition words introduce new information or examples. They can be used to expand upon, compare with, or clarify the preceding text.
| Function | Example sentence | Transition words and phrases |
|---|---|---|
| Addition | We found that the mixture was effective. Moreover, it appeared to have additional effects we had not predicted. | indeed, furthermore, moreover, additionally, and, also, both x and y, not only x but also y, besides x, in fact |
| Introduction | Several researchers have previously explored this topic. For instance, Smith (2014) examined the effects of … | such as, like, particularly, including, as an illustration, for example, for instance, in particular, to illustrate, especially, notably |
| Reference | The solution showed a high degree of absorption. Considering this result, it is reasonable to conclude that … | considering x, regarding x, in regard to x, as for x, concerning x, the fact that x, on the subject of x |
| Similarity | It was not possible to establish a correlation between these variables. Similarly, the connection between x and y remains unclear … | similarly, in the same way, by the same token, in like manner, equally, likewise |
| Clarification | The patient suffered several side effects, namely increased appetite, decreased libido, and disordered sleep. | that is (to say), namely, specifically, more precisely, in other words |
Adversative transition words
Adversative transition words always signal a contrast of some kind. They can be used to introduce information that disagrees or contrasts with the preceding text.
| Function | Example sentence | Transition words and phrases |
|---|---|---|
| Conflict | The novel does deal with the theme of family. However, its central theme is more broadly political … | but, however, although, though, equally, by way of contrast, while, on the other hand, (and) yet, whereas, in contrast, (when) in fact, conversely, whereas |
| Concession | Jones (2011) argues that the novel reflects Russian politics of the time. Although this is correct, other aspects of the text must also be considered. | even so, nonetheless, nevertheless, even though, on the other hand, admittedly, despite x, notwithstanding x, (and) still, although, in spite of x, regardless (of x), (and) yet, though, granted x |
| Dismissal | It remains unclear which of these hypotheses is correct. In any case, it can be inferred that … | regardless, either way, whatever the case, in any/either event, in any/either case, at any rate, all the same |
| Emphasis | The chemical is generally thought to have corrosive properties. Indeed, several studies have supported this hypothesis. | above all, indeed, more/most importantly |
| Replacement | The character of Godfrey is often viewed as selfish, or at least self-absorbed. | (or) at least, (or) rather, instead, or (perhaps) even, if not |
Causal transition words
Causal transition words are used to describe cause and effect. They can be used to express purpose, consequence, and condition.
| Function | Example sentence | Transition words and phrases |
|---|---|---|
| Consequence | Because Hitler failed to respond to the British ultimatum, France and the UK declared war on Germany. | therefore, because (of x), as a result (of x), for this reason, in view of x, as, owing to x, due to (the fact that), since, consequently, in consequence, as a consequence, hence, thus, so (that), accordingly, so much (so) that, under the/such circumstances, if so |
| Condition | We qualified survey responses as positive only if the participant selected “agree” or “strongly agree.” Otherwise, results were recorded as negative. | (even/only) if/when, on (the) condition that, in the case that, granted (that), provided/providing that, in case, in the event that, as/so long as, unless, given that, being that, inasmuch/insofar as, in that case, in (all) other cases, if so/not, otherwise |
| Purpose | We used accurate recording equipment so that our results would be as precise as possible. | to, in order to/that, for the purpose of, in the hope that, so that, to the end that, lest, with this in mind, so as to, so that, to ensure (that) |
Sequential transition words
Sequential transition words indicate a sequence, whether it’s the order in which events occurred chronologically or the order you’re presenting them in your text. They can be used for signposting in academic texts.
| Function | Example sentence | Transition words and phrases |
|---|---|---|
| Enumeration | This has historically had several consequences: First, the conflict is not given the weight of other conflicts in historical narratives. Second, its causes are inadequately understood. Third, … | first, second, third… |
| Initiation | To begin with, I want to consider the role played by women in this period. | in the first place, initially, first of all, to begin with, at first |
| Continuation | Subsequently, I discuss the way in which the country’s various ethnic minorities were affected by the conflict. | subsequently, previously, eventually, next, before x, afterwards, after x, then |
| Conclusion | Finally, I consider these two themes in combination. | to conclude (with), as a final point, eventually, at last, last but not least, finally, lastly |
| Resumption | To return to my main argument, it is clear that … | to return/returning to x, to resume, at any rate |
| Summation | Patel (2015) comes to a similar conclusion. In summary, the four studies considered here suggest a consensus that the solution is effective. | as previously stated/mentioned, in summary, as I have argued, overall, as has been mentioned, to summarize, briefly, given these points, in view of x, as has been noted, in conclusion, in sum, altogether, in short |
These lists of transitions are adapted from those created by Prof. Campbell, Prof. Buckhoff, and Prof. Dowell at Michigan State University under a Creative Commons license.
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Common mistakes with transition words
Transition words are often used incorrectly. Make sure you understand the proper usage of transition words and phrases, and remember that words with similar meanings don’t necessarily work the same way grammatically.
Misused transition words can make your writing unclear or illogical. Your audience will be easily lost if you misrepresent the connections between your sentences and ideas.
Confused use of therefore
“Therefore” and similar cause-and-effect words are used to state that something is the result of, or follows logically from, the previous. Make sure not to use these words in a way that implies illogical connections.
- We asked participants to rate their satisfaction with their work from 1 to 10. Therefore, the average satisfaction among participants was 7.5.
The use of “therefore” in this example is illogical: it suggests that the result of 7.5 follows logically from the question being asked, when in fact many other results were possible. To fix this, we simply remove the word “therefore.”
- We asked participants to rate their satisfaction with their work from 1 to 10. The average satisfaction among participants was 7.5.
Starting a sentence with also, and, or so
While the words “also,” “and,” and “so” are used in academic writing, they are considered too informal when used at the start of a sentence.
- Also, a second round of testing was carried out.
To fix this issue, we can either move the transition word to a different point in the sentence or use a more formal alternative.
- A second round of testing was also carried out.
- Additionally, a second round of testing was carried out.
Transition words creating sentence fragments
Words like “although” and “because” are called subordinating conjunctions. This means that they introduce clauses which cannot stand on their own. A clause introduced by one of these words should always follow or be followed by another clause in the same sentence.
The second sentence in this example is a fragment, because it consists only of the “although” clause.
- Smith (2015) argues that the period should be reassessed. Although other researchers disagree.
We can fix this in two different ways. One option is to combine the two sentences into one using a comma. The other option is to use a different transition word that does not create this problem, like “however.”
- Smith (2015) argues that the period should be reassessed, although other researchers disagree.
- Smith (2015) argues that the period should be reassessed. However, other researchers disagree.
And vs. as well as
Students often use the phrase “as well as” in place of “and,” but its usage is slightly different. Using “and” suggests that the things you’re listing are of equal importance, while “as well as” introduces additional information that is less important.
- Chapter 1 discusses some background information on Woolf, as well as presenting my analysis of To the Lighthouse.
In this example, the analysis is more important than the background information. To fix this mistake, we can use “and,” or we can change the order of the sentence so that the most important information comes first. Note that we add a comma before “as well as” but not before “and.”
- Chapter 1 discusses some background information on Woolf and presents my analysis of To the Lighthouse.
- Chapter 1 presents my analysis of To the Lighthouse, as well as discussing some background information on Woolf.
Note that in fixed phrases like “both x and y,” you must use “and,” not “as well as.”
- Both my results as well as my interpretations are presented below.
- Both my results and my interpretations are presented below.
Use of and/or
The combination of transition words “and/or” should generally be avoided in academic writing. It makes your text look messy and is usually unnecessary to your meaning.
First consider whether you really do mean “and/or” and not just “and” or “or.” If you are certain that you need both, it’s best to separate them to make your meaning as clear as possible.
- Participants were asked whether they used the bus and/or the train.
- Participants were asked whether they used the bus, the train, or both.
Archaic transition words
Words like “hereby,” “therewith,” and most others formed by the combination of “here,” “there,” or “where” with a preposition are typically avoided in modern academic writing. Using them makes your writing feel old-fashioned and strained and can sometimes obscure your meaning.
- Poverty is best understood as a disease. Hereby, we not only see that it is hereditary, but acknowledge its devastating effects on a person’s health.
These words should usually be replaced with a more explicit phrasing expressing how the current statement relates to the preceding one.
- Poverty is best understood as a disease. Understanding it as such, we not only see that it is hereditary, but also acknowledge its devastating effects on a person’s health.
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Let’s imagine that you’re back in elementary school, and you’ve written an essay or some other type of academic writing. You’ve probably been told that you need more transition words at some point or another.
Many writers omit or under-use these handy bits of the English language. However, transition words are indispensable in helping a reader follow your train of thought; they can jazz up your writing and make it shine.
What are Transition Words?
Despite what you may have expected, a “transition word” isn’t really a single word. They’re probably better called “transitional phrases.” Consequently, a “transition word” is any word or series of words that “transitions” the reader through the flow of your writing. Transition words help the reader connect one thought to the next.
Knowing what a transition word is, and using one, are two different things, and both need to be understood. Let’s look at some examples of transition words and how to use them.
Types of Transition Words and Examples
To up your writing skills, it’s excellent to use transition words, but what are the different types?
There are several types of transition words, depending on the type of transition:
1. Additive Transitions
there are “additive transitions,” such as “moreover” or “in addition.” They add to and support previous ideas, show similarity, or reference.
- I want to talk to you privately in addition to today’s group meeting.
2. Adversative Transitions
there are also “adversative transitions,” such as “however” or “in contrast.” They contrast statements to show disagreement or acknowledge or contrast different points of view.
- I like my present; however, this isn’t what I expected.
3. Causal Transitions
you have “causal transitions,” such as “consequently” or “as a result.” Think of these transition words as cause and effect.
- As a result of our poor class exam results this month, we aren’t going on the field trip.
4. Restatement Transitions
there are “restatement transitions.” In other words, things that summarize, such as “in short.”
- I’d love to talk to you some more, but in short, we’re happy with your exam results.
5. Concession Transitions
you can have “concession transitions,” such as “admittedly” or “to tell the truth.”
- I’ve never been a very confident swimmer, to tell you the truth.
6. Similarity Transitions
you see “similarity transitions,” such as “likewise” or “in the same manner.”
- My sister Sarah hates vegetables, and I, likewise, don’t like green peppers.
7. Sequential Transitions
and lastly, you can find “sequential transitions,” such as “in the first place” or “to wrap it all up.” They can also give a chronological order to your work.
- You shouldn’t have been in the kitchen in the first place!
Where do Transition Words go in a Sentence?
Using transitions to make your essay writing smoother isn’t always easy. Some people think they should be at the beginning of a sentence, in the middle, or at the end of a paragraph. Well, a great transitional word will help your reader to follow a sentence, so as long as it makes sense, you can add them anywhere. But remember, transition words don’t always have to go at the beginning of a sentence; likewise, they don’t always have to go at the end. Our top tip for adding transition words is to read your work out loud; that way, you can see how it flows or if it distracts from the main point.
Types of Transition Word Flashcards
Flip the flashcards for more transition word examples.
What About Transition Sentences?
We’ve spent a lot of time on transition words, but let’s shift gears to talk about transition sentences. Transition sentences are even more critical than transition words if you want to write clearly.
These sentences tie together the big ideas of your writing and make them easy to follow by explaining the logical relationships between your paragraphs, making for an effective transition between paragraphs.
Maybe you’re thinking, “That’s great, but I want some examples.” Well, you’re in luck. This paragraph’s first sentence is a transition sentence, connecting it to the previous paragraph. In fact, the first sentence of the previous paragraph is a transition too. You might have read both without even realizing that they are examples of transition sentences.
To sum it all up, transition sentences are used to open new paragraphs and connect them to the logical flow of the previous paragraph. But transition sentences are not only placed at the beginning of paragraphs; there are also mid-paragraph transitions. An example of this is the sentence just before this one.
How to Fit Every Transition Word and Phrase into Your Writing with Ease
Now bear with me, this might seem like a random algorithm of colored words but keep reading, and it will soon become clear!
If you want to write an effective paragraph, you don’t want your ideas to be disjointed. On the contrary, you want each new statement to flow into the previous statement. The best way to do this is with an effective transition.
You might be wondering: “How do I do that?” If this is the case, this series of mini paragraphs will be a great help to you. How can they help you? In them, I’ve labeled the transition periods in green.
So, is it better to use transition words/phrases or transition sentences? You’ll notice that I use both. To tell you the truth, transition words are often easier to insert into a sentence. However, you also need transition sentences, such as this one. Transition sentences help congeal the entire paragraph. Moreover, smooth transitions make for easy reading – and better grades on essays.
Transitions Tips and FAQs
If you’re looking for tips on how to write a good essay, here are some pointers for using common transitions.
“On the other hand.”
This is a handy (pun not intended) way to transition, which means in contrast to or introducing another point of view.
Try not to use this more than once unless you’re an alien with more than two hands. (On the other other hand, it might give your teacher a laugh.)
“Firstly,” “Secondly”…
Referring to a numerical number list to transition onto further points.
Firstly, these are very overused by students. Secondly, they make your writing sound unnatural. I would write “thirdly,”… but I just can’t. Don’t use these; find a more creative way to say what you want to.
Penultimately… Can you use “Penultimately” as a Transition?
“Penultimate” means the second-to-last. So, before we wrap up, let’s review some of the key things you’ve learned.
- Good writing isn’t a pile of disconnected thoughts. Good writing is easy to read because one thought connects to the next.
- Transitions connect one thought to the next. For example, this bullet point connects the previous idea above to the next idea.
- Because of all this, good writing uses excellent transitions.
- There are many types of transitions: There are transitional words or phrases and transitional sentences.
- Even though you can’t use the bullet-point format in essays, if you use your transitions effectively, your writing will be as easy to read as if you had.
- Every idea should flow to every other. You will need to add transition sentences between unrelated ideas.
- Lastly, don’t view your essay writing as a chore. This way, you can enjoy it.
So, to wrap things up, could you use “penultimately” as a transition? Conceivably, yes, it’s in the English dictionary. However, it’ll likely sound awkward, and in essays, that’s the last thing you want, so it’s probably better to skip it for now.
Lastly, Have Fun
I hope this article has enhanced your understanding of transition words and sentences in essay writing and effective writing.
However, it doesn’t have to end here. Maybe you’re looking for a list of transition words. Or you’re just looking to have some fun with the world’s #1 most-learned language. Whether you just want some help writing essays or want to dig deeper and unearth your inner grammar nerd, check out our other ELA resources.
In the meantime, don’t neglect your transitions. They’re the joints that connect the bones of your great ideas. Without them, your writing is just a pile of parts. With them, you’re a fully-formed velociraptor.
This is all to say; go out and write with transitions that shine.
Transition sentences are an essential part of writing. They help the reader know what information is coming next and show how it relates to the previous sentence.
The best transitions will be clear, brief, and easy for the reader to understand. There are many different kinds of transition words and phrases writers use depending on the context.
Defining Transitional Words and Phrases
Transitional words and phrases are words and phrases that carry meaning from one sentence to the next. They can help express time, writing technique, or logic.
Writers use these words to make their sentences cohesive and help the reader quickly grasp the sentence’s meaning.
Some common transitional words are:
• However
• Furthermore
• Nevertheless
• Despite
• Consequently
Transition phrases are also common. They can connect ideas or clauses within a sentence. Some common transitional phrases are:
• As a result
• In spite of
• On the other hand
Types of Transition Words and Phrases
Time Transitions
Time transitions help the reader know whether a sentence is about the past, present, or future.
Here are some examples of common time transitions:
- After
- Before
- Ever since
- Immediately
- Finally
- Just recently
- Meanwhile
- Momentarily
- Now
- Soon after
- Until then
- Up until now
- While
Writers should also consider using time transitions to show cause and effect.
Sentence example:
She got up, grabbed her phone, and left the room.
She got up and grabbed her phone. Afterward, she left the room.
The second sentence has a more coherent flow, as the cause and effect are clear.
Logical Transitions
Logical transitions show how one sentence relates logically to the next.
Here are some examples of logical transitions:
• As a result
• Due to
• Therefore
• Since
• In contrast to
• Despite
• In other words
• Conversely
• As such
• Consequently
• Hence
Sentence examples:
Walking to the park takes longer than driving. Therefore, people are less likely to walk.
In this sentence, ‘therefore’ is a logical transition because it shows the link between one action and its effect.
Logical transitions can show a cause-and-effect relationship as well.
Sentence example:
The computer crashed since someone left it on overnight.
The computer crashed as a result of being on for a long period.
The second sentence is more cohesive and will make more sense to the reader.
Driving to the park takes less time. As such, people are more likely to drive.
Here, ‘as such’ is a logical transition because it shows what will come next. This sentence continues the same logic as the first sentence.
Cause and effect transitions
These transition words help show how two or more sentences are related. Typically, it is used to show the cause or effect of something. These include:
• Therefore
• So
• Since
• As a result
• Due to
• Hence
Sentence example:
A higher price leads to fewer sales. As a result, the store is going out of business.
In this case, “A higher price” is the cause, and “fewer sales” is the effect.
Another example:
John was very busy at work, and he didn’t have time for a party.
As a result, no one invited him to anything.
In this case, “John was very busy at work” is the cause, and “no one invited him to anything” is the effect.
Transition phrases can also be clarifying.
Sentence example:
After the meeting was over, Susan left the office.
Susan left the office after the meeting was over.
The second sentence is more coherent and flows better than the first sentence.
Clarifying transitions
These transitions bring clarifications to the sentence. By using clarifying transition words and phrases, the writer makes sure that the information is clear and cohesive. Some clarifying transitions are:
• In other words
• In brief
• In essence
Sentence examples:
The story of Cinderella is a new take on an old tale.
In other words, the writer rewrote an old story with a new plot and characters.
The second sentence is more coherent.
She got up and left the room.
Afterward, she grabbed her phone and left.
The first sentence doesn’t tell when she left the room, so it can sound confusing.
The clarifying transition in the second sentence makes sure that the reader knows when she left the room.
Formality Transitions
When writing formally, writers need to use formal words to create clear sentences. Some examples of formal transitional words and phrases are:
• At any rate
• In a sense
• In effect
• In other words
• In particular
• Instead
• Meanwhile
• To illustrate
Sentence example:
In effect, the rain stopped us from going outside.
It rained, and it stopped us from going outside.
The first sentence is more formal than the second sentence.
Compare and contrast transitions
These transitional words and phrases show how two or more things are alike or different. Compare, and contrast transitions include:
• In comparison with
• On the other hand
• Alternatively
• Despite this
• Conversely
• In contrast to
A comparison example:
John is a fast runner. However, he can’t run a marathon.
In this case, “fast runner” and “can’t run a marathon” are compared.
An example of contrasting words:
John is a fast runner, but Bill is a slow runner.
In this case, “John is a fast runner” and “Bill is a slow runner” are contrasted. This example shows that John is fast while Bill is slow.
Sequence transitions
Sequence transitions show how two or more things are related in terms of time, logic, cause/effect, etc. Some sequence words and phrases are:
• First
• Later on
• Meanwhile
• Afterward
• Finally
• Prior to this/that/etc
Sentence example:
First, John applied for a job at a cafe.
Then, he got an interview.
In this case, “First” is the transitional phrase, showing the sequence of events.
Addition transitions
Addition transitions add more information to the sentence. They can be used before or after a sentence. Examples of such transitions are furthermore and moreover.
Sentence example:
It was a very cold day. Moreover, it started to snow.
In this case, “Moreover” is the transitional word, adding more information to the cold day.
Concluding transitions
Concluding transitions signal the end of a sentence. These transitional phrases and words show that the writer’s idea has been fully expressed. Concluding transitions include:
• To conclude
• At the end of the day
• Finally
• In short
• To summarize
• All in all
Sentence example:
Having said that, it is worth noting that not everyone thinks the same way.
In this case, “Having said that” is the transitional phrase, and it signals that the writer’s idea has been fully expressed.
Grouping transitions
These transitions group similar ideas. Some grouping examples are:
• On one hand
• On the other hand
• Or else/or otherwise
• In other words
Sentence example:
John likes to play tennis, but he also enjoys skiing.
In this case, playing tennis and enjoying skiing are similar ideas. The grouping transition “but also” groups them together.
Delaying transitions
A delaying transition delays the main idea in a sentence. These transitions are often used to create suspense and interest right before stating the main idea.
Sentence example:
Although he lost three games, he won the first set.
In this case, the writer wants to start with “He lost three games” but instead delays it until later in the sentence.
Writing Technique Transitions
These transitional phrases and words help writers to focus on specific points. They can be used whenever a writer wants to increase the importance of a sentence. Some examples of such transitions are:
• First and foremost
• In addition
• At the same time
• Likewise
Sentence example:
First and foremost, it is important to note that the company was established in 2007.
In this case, “First and foremost” is the transitional phrase, increasing the importance of the sentence.
Transitional Sentences
Transitional sentences are a great way to show how sentences relate to one another. A transitional sentence will help a writer with their flow and allow the reader to comprehend what they are reading more easily.
Here is an example:
Her phone rang, so she picked it up.
She put down her book and answered the phone. As a result, she found out that her date was going to be a half-hour late.
In the first sentence, the phone rings, and she answers it. The second sentence explains how she found out her date was going to be late.
A transition within a paragraph is used to show the reader how each idea is related. This will help them understand the logic of what you are saying.
His friends took him out to celebrate his upcoming birthday.
First, they went to a local sports bar where he had pizza and wings. Afterward, they went to a local nightclub where they danced the night away.
The first sentence explains that his friends are taking him out to celebrate his birthday. The second sentence explains what they did during the celebration.
A transition to the next idea is used for longer texts. It can be used in essays, articles, novels, textbooks, and many other places. This transition shows the reader how to move from one idea to the next.
When transiting to the next paragraph, it is important to show the reader where the transition is. This will help them start on the right foot in your next argument or idea.
That day, he went to class and talked about the assignment. Meanwhile, his friends were talking about where they were going for their next vacation.
In the first sentence, he is talking about his assignment in class. In the second sentence, he is talking about where his friends are going on vacation.
These transitions will help the reader understand how each new section is different from the one before it. They can be used in many different types of writing and are helpful for all audiences.
When moving from one section to the next, it’s easy to lose the reader. Using transitional words will help them understand what is changing and how each section is different from the last.
When she got home, she sat down and turned on the television.
However, after watching two hours’ worth of reality TV shows, she decided to go to bed.
In the first sentence, she is watching TV at home. In the second sentence, she decides that it is time for bed.
Transitions make writing more cohesive and easier to understand. Transitional words and phrases connect ideas while showing the direction in which you are going. This makes transition sentences easy for readers to follow and gives your work a sense of organization that will help them get the information they need quickly.
Your essay takes shape following these two elements: The order and the relationships of ideas.
Order: The way you arrange your ideas and concepts is essential when dealing with essays transition words. There should be order as you move from one paragraph to the other.
As you transit to the new paragraph, you’re also establishing new relationships. Transitions should mirror the order you want to establish between your ideas and concepts.
Your readers will understand the order in your essays if you do these two things:
In a travel essay, you might begin in one paragraph by describing the sights of a faraway country. The second paragraph should address your stay in the place. In a third, you would conclude by describing the culture shock of returning home. Each paragraph builds on what came before it and leads to the next.
Relationships: Because transitions establish relationships between ideas, they can be used to combine or contrast them. This transitional element allows you to show the different ways it is possible to consider a subject.
As you transit from one section to the other, remember the previous paragraph is equally important as the next. This consideration makes it easier to determine relationships.
Readers can only see the relationships in your ideas if you do these three things:
Transition sentences are very helpful. They can help the reader understand what you are saying and how your ideas relate to one another. There are many different types of transition words/sentences to use.
Making sure that your texts have a logical flow will make the reader more interested in what you are saying.
Using transition words in your writing can help you enhance the readability of your content. These words help your text flow and show readers the relationship between phrases and paragraphs. That’s why the readability checks in Yoast SEO provide feedback on your use of transition words. But what are they exactly? Why are they so important? And how should you use them?
Table of contents
- What are transition words?
- Exploring transition words with an example
- Types of transition words
- Why are they important for SEO?
- What does the transition words check in Yoast SEO do?
- How to improve your use of transition words
- 1. Know the words
- 2. Be aware of how your thoughts and ideas relate to each other
- Conclusion
What are transition words?
Transition words are words like ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘so’ and ‘because’. They show your reader the relationship between phrases, sentences, or even paragraphs. When you use them, you make it easier for your readers to understand how your thoughts and ideas are connected. What is more, they prepare your reader for what’s coming.
Let’s consider an example.
I pushed the domino. As a result, it fell over.
When you start a sentence with ‘as a result’, your reader will immediately know two things:
- What happened in the first sentence caused something;
- The second sentence is going to describe the effect.
By using the phrase ‘as a result’ here, you show that the two separate sentences are part of one process. Without having even read the rest of the sentence, your reader can already guess what’s coming. In a way, transition words are the glue that holds your text together. Without them, your text is a collection of sentences. With them, the individual parts come together to form one whole.
Transition words don’t always have to be placed at the beginning of a sentence. Consider the following examples.
He’s a very nice guy. He took us out to dinner yesterday, for instance.
In this example, ‘for instance’ is placed at the end of the sentence. Nonetheless, it still provides the reader with information as to how the two sentences are related.
I enjoy his company because he always tells interesting stories.
In this example, ‘because’ doesn’t connect two sentences, but two clauses. Transition words can connect anything from short phrases to entire paragraphs.
Did you get a red or orange bullet for your use of transition words? Jump to the section about the Yoast SEO transition words check. Or go straight to learning how you can improve your use of transition words.
Exploring transition words with an example
Let’s use a more concrete example. Below, you see Text A and Text B. Text A contains no transition words. On the surface, Text B is the exact same, only we’ve added transition words to make it easier to read.
Text A
I’m going to discuss a few reasons why practice is important to learning skills. The only way to truly master a skill is by actually doing what you’ll have to do in the real world. I think practice can be a fun way of putting in the necessary hours. There are some people who will disagree. It is said that people tend to remember only 10-20% of what they’ve heard or read. That number rises to as much as 90% when you put theory to practice. Following up explanation with practice is key to mastering a skill.Text B
In this paragraph, I’m going to discuss a few reasons why practice is important to mastering skills. Firstly, the only way to truly learn a skill is by actually doing what you’ll have to do in the real world. Secondly, I think practice can be a fun way of putting in the necessary hours. There are, however, some people who will disagree. Thirdly, and most importantly, it is said that people tend to remember only 10-20% of what they read or hear. Moreover, that number rises to as much as 90% when you put theory to practice. In conclusion, following up explanation with practice is key to mastering a skill.
Text A is not a terrible paragraph. However, the differences are clear as day. Text B does a better job of showing there are three separate arguments to support the statement with a definite conclusion. The reader never has to wonder whether a sentence still belongs to the previous argument or a new one. Moreover, it even shows the relationship between sentences within one argument. Therefore, people are going to find it easier to read this text and will stay on the page longer. And this is just one short, conveniently arranged paragraph!
Types of transition words
Transition words can be divided into several categories, based on the type of transition you want to make. There are often several words available for one transition. Sometimes they mean exactly the same, sometimes there are slight differences. If you’re not a native speaker or struggle with language in general, you’ll have to study and practice their use so that you can make better choices.
| Transition | Example word/phrase | Example sentence |
|---|---|---|
| Cause and effect | Therefore, as a result, so, consequently | I’m tired. Therefore, I’m going to bed. |
| Clarification | That is to say, in other words, to clarify | We’re letting you go. In other words, you’re fired. |
| Contrast | But, however, on the other hand | I am not fond of fruit. However, I do like bananas. |
| Example | For example, for instance | In the evening, I like to relax. For instance, I enjoy watching TV. |
| Emphasis | Above all, most importantly, certainly | There are many reasons to exercise regularly. Above all, it keeps you healthy. |
| Enumeration | Firstly/secondly, further, and, moreover, in addition | Today, I’m going to write a post. In addition, I’m recording some video lessons. |
| Time | Meanwhile, during, subsequently, after that | I’ll start by telling you what transition words are. After that, I’ll tell you why you should always use them. |
| Similarity | Likewise, similarly, in the same vein | She tried really hard to entertain her guests. Similarly, he put all his heart and soul in cooking a great dinner. |
| Summarize/conclude | In conclusion, to sum up, in short | In conclusion, transition words are an important aspect of SEO copywriting. |
Check out this article for transition words in other languages.
Why are they important for SEO?
Transition words make it easier to read and understand a text. And readability is very important for SEO. Although they don’t influence your SEO directly, they are one of the key factors to readability.
Transition words also play a crucial role in structuring your text. This leads to a better understanding of your text by your readers. A well-structured text helps to attract readers to your blog and contributes to SEO!
What does the transition words check in Yoast SEO do?
The transition words check in Yoast SEO assesses whether or not you use enough transition words. If at least 30% of the sentences in your text contain a transition word, the bullet will be green. You get an orange bullet if you use them in more than 20%, or in less than 30% of your sentences. The bullet will be red if less than 20% of the sentences of your text contain a transition word. That’s less than 1 in 5 sentences.
Want to read more on how we came to the exact measurements of the transition words check and of the other readability checks? Check out our article about the methodological choices of the readability analysis.
Want to find out which transition words Yoast SEO recognizes? Check out our article on transition words in your language.
How to improve your use of transition words
There are several potential problem areas when it comes to transition words. Let’s start with the good news: everyone uses them in some way. There are very few authors who never use the words ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘or’, and the like. Using them correctly or frequently enough, however, doesn’t come naturally to everyone. Using transition words successfully requires a couple of things. You have to:
- Know the transition words;
- Have a clear idea of the relationships between separate thoughts and ideas within your text;
- Know how to apply transition words properly and in context;
1. Know the words
Actually knowing the transition words is most commonly a problem for non-native speakers. However, many native speakers could also benefit from studying the less frequent ones. In any case, it is easy to do. You simply look up a list of transition words and study their definitions. Don’t underestimate it either, though! They are often quite nuanced and really depend on context.
2. Be aware of how your thoughts and ideas relate to each other
In the blog post assignments people hand in for feedback in our SEO training courses, we see a clear pattern. People who have a better idea of the structure of their text also use more transition words and do it more effectively. Too often, people just start writing and then basically just see what happens. So what can you do?
Break your text down into an introduction, body, and conclusion, and make sure you know what goal every paragraph serves. Then, survey your text on a sentence level. Find opportunities to make transitions that make sense. If you struggle with this, try reading texts by other authors and see how they use transition words.
Want to learn more about transition words and how to write great content? Our SEO Copywriting course can help you with that. You can get access to this course and all of our other SEO courses with Yoast SEO Premium, which also gives you access to extra features in the Yoast SEO plugin.
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Conclusion
Transition words are very important for the readability of your text. However, many people struggle with them. If you do, study them and make sure you practice a lot. Our SEO Copywriting training can help you with that. In addition, make sure you’re aware of the structure of your text. In this way, it will be easier to pick the best transition words available.
Read more: How to use the readability analysis in Yoast SEO »
Marieke is the head of strategy at Yoast and founder of Yoast SEO academy. She loves coming up with new ideas and products to make SEO attainable for everyone, and ensure a healthy growth for Yoast!
