Learning about conjunctions can really improve your game when learning English. The word “however” is an important conjunction to understand (and perhaps one of the most common). We use it at the start of a sentence or in the middle, so let’s see how we do so!
We use “however” in the middle of a sentence when it is linking two clauses together. If the two clauses are closely related, “however” is used as a coordinating conjunction and often separated by commas or semi-colons to fit in the flow of the sentence.
Punctuation
When we use “however” in the middle of a sentence, it’s important to understand the punctuation rules. You’re always going to need to include some punctuation when writing “however.” If you leave it without anything, then your sentence will feel wordy and difficult to read.
There is one main option for punctuating “however.” You can use a semi-colon before it and a comma after. The semi-colon breaks up the flow from the first clause, allowing the reader a second to gather their thoughts. The comma starts the new clause.
- Incorrect:People thought hard about it however there wasn’t much to think about.
- Incorrect:People thought hard about it, however there wasn’t much to think about.
- Correct:People thought hard about it; however, there wasn’t much to think about.
All of these sentences are the same (to help you understand the differences). The first one uses no punctuation, and you can see how wordy and difficult it is to understand.
The second sentence uses one comma before “however.” The idea is to break up the two clauses, which on paper is smart, but it isn’t executed correctly here.
Finally, the correct sentence comes with a semi-colon before “however” and a comma after. The semi-colon breaks up the two connected clauses to help with understanding. “However” stands alone as a coordinating conjunction, meaning a comma needs to come directly after it before the new clause makes sense.
- People thought hard about it. There wasn’t much to think about.
This is what the sentences look like without “however” in the middle. They still make perfect sense; they just need a bit more of a connection between them.
Examples Of Using However In The Middle Of A Sentence
We’ve shown off one example (as well as some incorrect punctuation variations); now it’s time to show you a few more. We’ll try and include as many as we can think of that gives you a good variety of when the word works best in the middle of a sentence.
- You can’t find the correct answer; however, you’ve been studying for months.
- Some people disagree with me; however, I know I’m right.
- This isn’t the correct building; however, I think the one across the street is.
- You’re not going to find anything there; however, you can keep trying if it makes you feel better.
- There aren’t many good people left in the world; however, I met a wonderful man on the bus today.
- They say that chivalry is dead; however, my father taught me the proper values.
- My father passed away last week; however, he left me a considerable sum of money and his house.
- I think she likes me; however, she’s still in a relationship with him.
- My mom told me to do my chores; however, I left the house before I got a chance.
See how we use the semi-colon in each of these cases to break up the flow of the two sentences. Every one of these examples can remove “however” from the middle of the sentence and be left as two standalone sentences.
We include “however” in the middle to help with the sentence structure and flow. It makes it easier to read, and we introduce “however” when two contrasting clauses are close together.
Step-By-Step Guide: How To Break A Sentence With However
Now that we’ve seen “however” in action in the middle of a sentence, it’s time to look at a breakdown of how you might want to do it yourself. Remember, you can’t just throw “however” between any two sentences for it to make sense.
To use “however” appropriately, it must come between two contrasting yet closely related ideas in two sentences. Any sentences that can’t connect in that way will use “however” incorrectly.
Using “however” to break a sentence works like this:
- Start with two closely related yet contrasting sentences.
- “I like ice cream. I’m allergic to ice cream.”
- Put “however” between the two words.
- “I like ice cream however I’m allergic to ice cream.”
- Include the correct punctuation (semi-colon) to break up the two clauses.
- “I like ice cream; however I’m allergic to ice cream.”
- Put a comma after “however” to show it as a coordinating conjunction.
- “I like ice cream; however, I’m allergic to ice cream.”
- Bonus Step: if the two phrases use the same object (ice cream), you can remove it for sentence flow.
- “I like ice cream; however, I’m allergic.”
What Alternatives Do I Have To Using However In The Middle Of A Sentence?
If you don’t want to use “however” in the middle of a sentence, you have other options. If you’re struggling with the language rules around it, though, you might find that you have a tricky time with these alternatives too.
Since each of these is used as a coordinating conjunction, you’ll still need to punctuate your sentences correctly. Still, it’s a good idea to have a range of conjunctions ready, so you don’t always use “however” to introduce contrasting points.
- But
The simplest of the conjunctions that can replace “however.” It works to introduce a contrasting point in the same way.
- Use “however” at the start of a sentence.
Rather than connecting two clauses, you can start the second sentence with “however.” You still need to follow it with a comma, though.
- Still
Another good conjunction that replaces the meaning of “however.” It’s on par with “but,” and the two work well with each other.
You might also like:
Can You Start A Sentence With “However”? Learn It Here! (With Examples)
Can You End A Sentence With “However”? Learn It Here! (With Examples)
9 Words To Use Instead Of “However” (With Examples)
Martin holds a Master’s degree in Finance and International Business. He has six years of experience in professional communication with clients, executives, and colleagues. Furthermore, he has teaching experience from Aarhus University. Martin has been featured as an expert in communication and teaching on Forbes and Shopify. Read more about Martin here.
Many writers are unsure about what punctuation to use with the word however. Does it need a comma? If so, should you place it before, after, or both?
The confusion is because how you punctuate however depends on how you use it. Once you know how however works in your sentence, it’s easy to punctuate it correctly.
What Type of Word Is However?
However is usually used in one of two ways. It’s either a conjunctive adverb that connects two clauses or simply an adverb that modifies an adjective, verb, or another adverb.
Noting that however is not a coordinating conjunction is crucial here. For, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so are the seven coordinating conjunctions. You can remember them by the acronym FANBOYS. People usually punctuate however wrong because they think it’s a coordinating conjunction.
However: A Conjunctive Adverb
However is often used as a conjunctive adverb in academic and other formal writing. It introduces a contrasting idea and usually starts a sentence. When using it mid-sentence, you should put a semicolon before it and a comma after it if the two parts are stand-alone sentences:
He went to bed early; however, he didn’t get much sleep.
If you remove the word however from this sentence, you’re left with two clauses that could each be a valid sentence:
He went to bed early. He didn’t get much sleep.
This is where it’s crucial to know that however isn’t a coordinating conjunction because if it was, you would simply separate the two parts of the sentence with a comma:
He went to bed early, however, he didn’t get much sleep.
Even though the meaning remains clear, this is a punctuation error that would be obvious to someone reading your essay, article, resume, etc.
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If however doesn’t start a clause, put commas on either side of it (unless it’s the last word in the sentence):
I love pizza; if I eat too much, however, I get indigestion.
I’m not hungry; I’d like a drink, however
However: An Adverb
When used as an adverb, however means no matter how or in whatever way. You can add it to a noun, a verb, or another adverb to change its meaning:
I’m going to buy those shoes however expensive they are.
That scarf looks good however you wear it.
However quietly I play the trombone, my neighbor always complains.
When used this way, however doesn’t need a comma before or after it because the part of the sentence that starts with however is a subordinate (or dependent) clause. This means that it adds information but wouldn’t be a full sentence on its own. You don’t need to put a comma in front of a subordinate clause when it comes after the main (independent) clause.
In our third example, we used a comma between the two clauses because the subordinate clause, However quietly I play the trombone, comes first.
Summary: Punctuating “However” Mid-Sentence
Punctuating the word however is straightforward once you’ve established whether you’re using however as a conjunctive adverb or simply as an adverb. Remember that it’s not one of the seven coordinating conjunctions (for, and, nor, etc.).
When used as a connecting adverb in the middle of a sentence, however must be followed by a comma. Also, you should put a semicolon at the end of the previous clause. This comes right before the word however in most sentences. When however is not the first word in a sentence, it needs a comma before and after it.
Finally, when however is an adverb, it doesn’t have a comma on either side.
However you use it, we hope you’re now sure about how to punctuate however. We love punctuation, so we’ll gladly help if you want your writing checked for mistakes. You can even give our service a try for free by sending us a 500-word trial document.
Can you start your sentence with ‘however?’ How about using ‘however’ in the middle of a sentence? It is certainly a very useful word. However, one must be mindful of the various regulations that dictate whenever and however we use it!
To mean ‘but’
One of the most common ways we see the word ‘however’ used is to mean ‘but.’ Usually, the word comes at the beginning of a sentence and is followed by a comma. Like this:
Their schedule claimed there was a conference at 6 pm. However, the building was closed, and there was no one around.
To use ‘however’ in this way, the word must be placed in the middle of the sentence and have commas on both sides
It was 6 pm. The building, however, was closed.
You can also put it in the end, after a comma.
Usually, they meet at 6 pm to discuss plans for the next day. They go home on Fridays, however.
But it is wrong to place ‘however’ between two parts of a sentence that make sense by themselves.
He usually drives quite fast, however that day he was being careful is actually incorrect. You can use ‘but’ here instead since it is a conjunction (a word that joins two phrases). When ‘however’ means ‘but,’ it is not considered a conjunction.
Related: Subordinating Conjunctions – What Are They?
He usually drives fast. However, he was being careful that day is grammatically correct.
Another way to use ‘however’ in instances when phrases can stand alone (as in the example above) is to use a semi-colon instead of the full stop. You will still need to put a comma after ‘however.’ like so:
He usually drives fast; however, he was careful that day.
To mean ‘no matter how’
Another meaning for the word ‘however,’ albeit less common, is ‘no matter how.’ You can put it in the middle of a sentence without a comma following it.
I can’t wake up in the morning to run before work, however hard I try.
With this meaning, you can also put ‘however’ at the beginning of the sentence, without a comma after it.
However many times I told the kids to clean their room, it was always messy.
Be careful not to accidentally put a comma after ‘however’ in this instance, or you could change the meaning of the phrase.
However, many times I told the kids to clean their room, it was always messy.
If you are defending your parenting methods by stating that you did tell the kids to clean the room many times, the comma should really be a full stop or a semi-colon.
To mean ‘in whatever way’
When used in this way, ‘however’ can be put at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence, with no punctuation around it.
I will be happy to travel there however you want. Be it by car, air or train!
I will talk to him however I want. He is my brother, after all.
Good substitutes
If you are writing a long document, and you need to connect from one paragraph to another, it’s easy to overuse the word ‘however’ (meaning ‘but’). Below are some good alternatives to keep your writing varied:
- even so,
- howbeit,
- nevertheless,
- notwithstanding,
- nonetheless,
- still and all,
- still,
- though,
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The term «however» has been around as a valid word in English for centuries. However (no pun intended), its usage in texts is still not straightforward and could throw even some established writers in a minor state of delirium. The constant comparison between conjunctions such as «but» and «and» only complicates things further.
The adverb «however» means «to whatever extent or degree». It’s typically used in sentences to merge two independent clauses (or potential sentences) to make a single, compound sentence. The term could be used in the middle of a sentence, with or without punctuation. It can also begin a statement.
Using «however» in texts is not as straightforward as it seems. There are quite a few things to consider, and the fact that the word can assume different meanings based on how and where it gets placed in a text adds to the confusion. Read on to get a more in-depth look at the term, how to use it in texts the correct way, and lots more.
«However» – Meaning
The word «however» means «in whatever way or manner». It also means or could be used in place of «on the other hand», «on the contrary», «despite», «how in the world», etc, in texts. A few other synonyms or related terms of the word include «even so», «nevertheless», «howbeit», «notwithstanding», «withal», etc.
The term has been used in English as an adverb since the 14th century. Modern English has also been around since then. In other words, the word was born right alongside the variant of English people currently use.
Talking about the past, «however» also meant «although». But that meaning is now considered archaic or incorrect.
Using «However» in Texts
Generally, «however» is used in a sentence to say something that contrasts with or is different from a previous statement.
The word is usually incorporated into texts as an adverb or conjunction (kind of), and the punctuation or comma usage varies accordingly.
When used as an adverb (usually before another adverb or an adjective), «however» usually begins a sentence. For example:
- However hard he tried, he couldn’t convince her.
When used as a «conjunctive adverb», the term brings together two simple sentences or independent clauses to form a new sentence. The two clauses are invariably opposing or in contrast with each other. For example:
- The manufacturer claimed the phone was splash-resistant; however, it still wasn’t keen to officially market it as a «waterproof» offering.
When two independent clauses come together to make a compound sentence, «however» is used with a semicolon (;) before it and a comma (,) right after.
«However» is not your standard «conjunction». Proper conjunctions such as «but», «and», «since», etc., do not require a semicolon. They certainly do not need a comma right after them.
The conjunctions usually have just one comma before them when used somewhere in the middle of a sentence. When they are not merging two dependent clauses or one independent and one dependent clause, even the solitary comma could be missing.
When «however» is used as a conjunction or conjunctive adverb, the semicolon plays the «conjunction» role equally, if not more than «however».
But «however» does exhibit a relationship between two clauses as more rhetorical or semantic than grammatical. It’s, therefore, preceded with a semicolon. But when «however» is not used as a «conjunction» or doesn’t link two independent clauses, it has no preceding semicolon.
Here are a couple of sentences that further explain the same. The first sentence uses «however» as conjunction. The following sentence breaks the same compound sentence into two individual sentences, keeping the «however» and communicating its purpose/significance.
- The iPhone 12 Mini is the «compact flagship» device buyers have been yearning for; however, the phone’s sales have been poor, which may not inspire an iPhone 13 Mini or whatever Apple would have likely named the next generation of the phone.
- The iPhone 12 Mini is the «compact flagship» device buyers have been yearning for. However, the phone’s sales have been poor, which may not inspire an iPhone 13 Mini or whatever Apple would have likely named the next generation of the phone.
When used at the start of a sentence, «however» has just a comma after it. For example:
- However, there was no need for her to apologize.
In the above sentence, «however» represents a contrast. But because it’s used in a simple sentence or the text right before it is unknown, it may be difficult for sentences beginning with «however» to stand on their own or convey complete meaning.
It’s, therefore, advised not to start sentences with «however» and resort to compound sentences instead. Besides the «sentence fragmentation» issue, using «however» at the very beginning makes the term seem a lot more significant than the actual sentence it’s a part of.
But using «however» at the start of a sentence is not controversial if it doesn’t have a comma after it, or it doesn’t seem like it’s the continuation of or based on a sentence immediately prior. For example:
- However long it takes, I’ll wait for it to complete.
When «however» is not used at a sentence’s start and does not bring two independent clauses together, it is accompanied by two parenthetical commas. For example:
- It is, however, tough to say a well-made replica Rolex apart from the real deal.
- It is, however, unlikely the prices will continue to rise.
Can «However» Be Used without Commas?
It’s not rare to see «however» used without commas, regardless of whether it’s positioned at a sentence’s beginning or in the middle of a text. For example:
- However hard she tried, she couldn’t resist the temptation the cake presented and eventually broke her fast.
- I’ll stay put however long it takes.
- You cannot add ingredients however you want to.
- However you see it, it’s not good news.
When used in sentences without a comma, «however» usually denotes «irrespective of», «regardless», «whichever/whatever way», etc.
Comparing «However» with «But» and «And»
To understand how «however» is not the same as «but» and «and», here are a few example sentences:
- The company made a net profit of 5% in the second quarter of 2018, but it’s not necessarily great news for the firm, which made 10% in net profit in the same period the previous year.
- The company made a net profit of 5% in the second quarter of 2018; however, it’s not necessarily great news for the firm, which made 10% in net profit in the same period last year.
Though punctuation usage between the two varies, both «however» and «but» bring together contradicting or negative statements. The conjunction «and», on the other hand, is not used to bring together differing views.
To use «and» in the sentence above, the sentence’s message must be upended. For example:
- The company made a net profit of 5% in the second quarter of 2018, and it’s set to make more in the coming quarter.
Possibly, the only similarity between «but» and «and» (besides the two being conjunctions) is the punctuation usage. Both do not have commas after them, and they also usually have just a comma right before when merging two independent clauses instead of a semicolon, unlike «however».
Example Sentences with the Term «However»
The following are sentences incorporating the term «however» in different ways, with or without commas:
- However, there were several challenges.
- I like the dress; however, it’s available in just one color.
- I have lots of things to do tonight; however, I am going out with her because I promised her I’d come.
- The CEO was quite confident of the product’s success. The board, however, wasn’t mighty convinced.
- Diamond mining is hugely profitable; however, there are quite a few risks involved in the trade.
- I am happy you are back. However, I hope you do not try to justify what happened last night.
- We are not going to cancel this trip under any circumstances. However, we hope the expenses do not go out of hand.
- We let them decorate their personal spaces however they choose to.
- Let her do it however she likes.
- I shall help you however I can.
- Some protestors, however, want the president to be a lot more aggressive in his stance.
- However, retail store owners resisted the ordinance and threatened to increase the price, cut employee salaries, and even shut some of their marquee stores.
- The team, however, made it to the top of the table after starting slow.
- However you sing it, it does not sound correct.
- The car was quite old and outdated. However, it managed to take us home safely.
Conclusion
«However» is a relatively versatile term, as far as its meaning is concerned and how it gets incorporated into sentences. It also can be placed in various positions in a sentence, with the punctuation changing accordingly.
Whether you use the term at the very beginning of a sentence, in the middle of it, and with or without a comma or a semicolon, the word «however» is not a conjunction.
It’s purely an adverb that can do conjunction duties when the need arises or when two independent clauses are a bit too loaded or complex for traditional conjunctions like «but» and «and» to glue or shoulder.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is it okay to put «however» in the middle of a sentence?
Of course, it is! This is one of the main uses of the word, however, it can also be used at the beginning of a sentence. (See what I did there?)
Do you put a comma before or after «however»?
If «however» is used in the middle of a sentence, then you put a comma both before and after the word. If used at the beginning of a sentence, you would obviously only use a comma after «however».
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‘However’ is a useful word, however you look at it. [Sorry – Ed.] But readers of our e-bulletin, Write Away, often ask us to clarify the right ways to use it.
However we can help, say we.
Meaning ‘but’
The most common way of using ‘however’ is to mean ‘but’. This usually comes at the beginning of a sentence, and is followed by a comma.
The calendar claimed the month was May. However, the temperature felt more like November.
For this use, it’s also correct to put it in the middle of the sentence, with commas either side.
It was May. It was, however, very nippy.
Or you can put it at the end, after a comma.
I am normally wearing shorts by this time of year. I’m afraid of pneumonia, however.
But it is wrong to use ‘however’ between two parts of a sentence that make sense by themselves.
I look forward to this time of year, however today I have goosebumps is grammatically incorrect. You can use ‘but’ here instead, because it is a conjunction (or joining word). ‘However’ is not a conjunction when it means ‘but’.
I look forward to this time of year. However, today I have goosebumps is grammatically correct.
You can also use a semi-colon instead of the full stop – note you’ll still need that comma after ‘however’:
I look forward to this time of year; however, today I have goosebumps.
Meaning ‘no matter how’
Another, less common, meaning for ‘however’ is ‘no matter how’. You can use it in the middle of a sentence without a comma after it.
I couldn’t bring myself to give up my thermal vest, however tired I was of being teased for it.
You can also put it at the beginning of your sentence, without a comma afterwards.
However you like me to dress, I’ll do the opposite.
Be wary of not accidentally putting a comma after ‘however’ in this instance, or you could end up saying something quite different.
However, you like me to dress, I’ll do the opposite. [Note: if you do ever want to assert that, while there are people who prefer you clothed, you will always choose to defy them, then that second comma should really be a semi-colon. Or a full stop.]
Meaning ‘in whatever way’
In this form ‘however’ can be at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence, with no punctuation around it.
I’m kidding. I’ll dress however you’d like me to. It’s your mum’s birthday party.
How do I want to travel to Hawaii? However you want. You’re paying.
Alternatives
When you’re writing a long document, and you need to link from one paragraph to another, it’s easy to fall into the trap of over-using ‘however’ (meaning ‘but’). Here are some good alternatives to keep your writing varied and fresh:
• Nevertheless
• On the other hand
• But
• Yet
• Despite
• In contrast/comparison.
If you’re ever in doubt about how to use a particular word, or if you have any other business writing questions, our free 64-page guide to better writing The Write Stuff will help. Click here to download your free copy.
