Данная статья посвящена наречиям английского языка. Эта тема раскрывает все вопросы, которые могут интересовать человека, изучающего грамматические правила. Мы узнаем, как образовать наречия, сравним их с прилагательными, а также где они стоят в предложении. Кроме этого, пополним словарный запас некоторыми выражениями и научимся работать с degrees of comparison of adverbs. И конечно же, всегда после материла, вы сможете проверить знания на пройденную тему.
Статьи, которые могут быть полезными:
1. Исчисляемые и неисчисляемые существительные.
2. Притяжательный падеж и устойчивые фразы.
3. Подробная таблица времен.
4. Too and enough
5. Степень сравнения прилагательных.
Что такое наречия в английском языке?
Наречия (adverbs) обычно описывают или определяют глаголы, прилагательные, другие наречия или целое предложение.
- Например, the adverbs в следующих предложениях выделены жирным и слова, которые они определяют подчеркнуты:
– I often visit the library. – Я часто посещаю библиотеку.
– It is surprisingly cold today. – Сегодня на удивление холодно.
В первом предложении наречие often определяет глагол visit. Во втором, слово surprisingly описывает прилагательное cold.
- Слова, которые используются для описания наречий, также могут относиться к adverbs:
– My cat eats very slowly. – Мой кот ест очень медленно.
В этом предложении наречие very определяет наречие slowly.
Образование наречий в английском языке
Многие наречия связаны с прилагательными, с помощью словообразования:
[Adjective + суффикс ly = Adverb]
- Cheap – cheaply – дешевый – дешево.
- Slow – slowly – медленный – медленно.
- Quick – quickly – быстрый – быстро.
Правила правописания
- Прилагательные, которые заканчиваются на -ic добавляем -ally:
- Tragic – tragically – трагический – трагически.
- Realistic – realistically – реалистичный – реалистично.
- Ironic – ironically – иронический – иронично.
BUT: public – publicly – публичный – публично.
- Прилагательные, которые заканчиваются на –le нужно изменить “e” на “y”:
- Horrible – horribly – ужасный – ужасно.
- Noble – nobly – благородный – благородно.
- Simple – simply – простой – просто.
- Прилагательные, заканчивающиеся на согласную + -y, мы убираем “y” и добавляем –ily:
- Happy – happily – счастливый – счастливо.
- Easy – easily – легкий – легко.
- Crazy – crazily – сумасшедший – безумно.
- Прилагательные, которые заканчиваются на -e образуют наречие с добавлением -ly не опуская букву ‘e’:
- Rare – rarely – редкий – редко.
- Polite – politely – вежливый – вежливо.
- Ну как обычно существуют исключения:
- True – truly
- Whole – wholly
- Due – dully
- Full – fully
[qsm quiz=59]
Прилагательные на суффикс -ly
Есть ряд прилагательных, заканчивающихся на -ly, которые не имеют соответствующих наречий. Такие adjectives, происходят от существительных, обозначающие:
- People:
- 1) Man – мужчина = manly – мужественный, сильный.
Example:
– A deep, manly voice. - 2) King – король = kingly – королевский.
- Family and personal relations:
- 1) Father – отец = fatherly – отцовский.
- 2) Brother = brotherly; friend = friendly.
- И другие:
Lovely – прекрасный.
Lonely – одинокий.
Silly – глупый.
Ugly – уродливый.
Lively – живой.
- Образуют наречие с помощью конструкции [in a Adj way] или [in a Adj manner]:
– They treated me in a friendly way. – Они относились ко мне по-дружески/дружелюбно.
Запомните следующие словосочетания:
in a soldierly way | по-воинские |
in a sickly way | болезненно |
in a silly way | глупо |
in a manly way | по-мужски |
in a womanly way | по-женски |
in a cowardly way | трусливым образом |
in a lively way | живо |
in a lovely way | в прекрасной манере |
in a motherly way | по-матерински |
in a fatherly way | по-отцовски |
in a brotherly way | по-братски |
in a sisterly way | по-сестрински |
in a kingly way | по-королевски |
Наречия и прилагательные с одинаковой формой
Существует ряд adjectives / adverbs, которые имеют неизменную форму. Таким образом, это зависит от контекста, является ли слово прилагательным или наречием: Fast, hard, early, late, high, low, right, wrong, straight, daily, monthly and long etc.
- This is hard exercise. – Это упражнение сложное.
- She works hard. – Она работает усердно.
- I saw many high buildings. – Я видела много высоких зданий.
- The plane flew high in the sky. – Самолет летел высоко в небе.
Сравните:
- Walk slow! (Informal English).
- Walk slowly! (Formal English).
Good vs. Well
- Good – прилагательное.
- Well – наречие.
Examples:
- He is a good writer. – Он хороший писатель.
- He writes well. – Он пишет хорошо.
- Иногда well используется как прилагательное, когда говорится о здоровье (health):
- You’re not looking too well. Are you okay? – Ты не очень хорошо выглядишь. Ты в порядке?
Note:
После глаголов look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem мы используем прилагательное, а не наречие:
- She looks nice /bad /pale/strange.
- It smells sweet /horrible/bad.
Наречия с двумя формами и разными значениями
Некоторые наречия имеют две формы. Первая, которая заканчивается на -ly,
вторая форма остается без изменений: clean(ly), clear(ly) etc.
Эти пары наречий обычно имеют разные значения.
Сравните:
Close or closely?
Close = near (близкий, расположенный недалеко).
– We live close to the church. – Мы живем рядом с церковью.
Closely = carefully (внимательно).
– I was watching the game closely. – Я внимательно следил за игрой.
Второе значение – тесно, близко:
– The two languages are closely related. – Два языка тесно связаны.
Dead or deadly?
Dead = suddenly and completely
– The snow stopped dead. – Снег внезапно остановился.
Deadly = very
– She is deadly serious. – Она очень серьезная.
Deep or deeply?
Deep = a long way down
– I dug deep into the ground. – Я копнул глубоко в землю.
Deeply = very
– I was deeply offended. – Я был очень оскорблен.
Free or freely?
Free = without payment
– Children travel free on buses. – Дети путешествуют бесплатно на автобусах.
Freely = willingly
– She spoke freely about her past. – Она открыто говорила о своем прошлом.
Hard or hardly?
Hard = with a lot of effort
– She worked really hard and passed her exams. – Она усердно работала и сдала экзамены.
Hardly = scarcely/only just
– The telephone line was so bad, I could hardly hear what he was saying. –Телефонная линяя была настолько плохой, что я едва слышал, что он говорил.
High or highly?
High = to/at a high level
– He kicked the ball high over the goal. – Он пнул мяч высоко над воротами.
Highly = very much а также to think/speak highly of something, somebody
– My father is a highly respected dentist. – Мой отец очень уважаемый стоматолог.
– Everyone thinks highly of her behaviour. – Все высоко ценят ее поведение.
Last or Lastly?
Last = after all others
– She got here last. – Она пришла сюда последней.
Lastly = finally
– And lastly, I would like to thank everyone who helped me to open the restaurant. – И наконец, я хочу поблагодарить всех, кто помогал мне открыть ресторан.
Direct or directly?
Direct = without stopping
– ‘Do I have to change trains in Manchester?’ ‘No, you can go direct. – Нужно ли мне пересаживаться на другой поезд в Манчестере? – Нет, можете ехать без пересадок.
Directly = very soon
– I’ll be with him directly. – Я скоро буду вместе с ним.
Late or lately?
Late = after the arranged time
– I stayed up late to watch my favourite film with my boyfriend. – Я задержалась допоздна, чтобы посмотреть мой любимый фильм с моим парнем.
Lately = recently
– I’ve been feeling very well lately. – В последнее время я чувствую себя очень хорошо.
Near or nearly
Near = close
– They live near the university. – Они живут рядом с университетом.
Nearly = almost
– You nearly crashed into the cyclist. – Ты чуть не врезался в велосипедиста.
Pretty or prettily?
Pretty = quite
– I’m pretty sure they’ll accept your invitation. – Я вполне уверен, что они примут твое приглашение.
Prettily = in an attractive way
– She danced prettily. – Она танцевала красиво.
Sharp or sharply?
Sharp = exactly
– The game starts at 5 o’clock sharp. – Игра начинается ровно в пять часов.
Sharply = suddenly and angrily
– ‘Don’t talk to me like that,’ she said sharply – «Не разговаривай со мной так»: она сказала резко.
Short or shortly?
Short = suddenly. Полная фраза stop short (остановиться внезапно или неожиданно)
– I was about to tell the truth but a thought stopped me short. – Я собирался сказать правду, но мысль внезапно остановила меня.
– Cut something short – преждевременно прерывать что-либо:
– He had to cut his speech short when the fire alarm went off. – Ему пришлось прервать свою речь, когда зазвонила пожарная тревога.
Shortly = soon
– Professor will be here shortly. – Профессор скоро будет здесь.
Wide or widely?
Wide = completely also far away from the right point = мимо цели.
– The window was wide opened. – Окно было широко распахнуто.
Widely = to a large extent
– I travel widely in Europe. – Я путешествую много по Европе.
Easy or easily?
Easy = remain calm
– Take it easy, darling. – Успокойся, дорогая.
– Easy does it – Тише едешь, дальше будешь.
Easily = with no difficulty / without doubt / possibly.
– I make friends easily. – Я легко завожу друзей.
– It is easily the best film I’ve seen. – Это, без сомнения, лучший фильм, который я видел.
– This could easily be the answer to your question. – Это может быть ответом на твой вопрос.
Степени сравнения наречий в английском языке
Следует отметить, что многие наречия, такие как sometimes, never, here, there, now, then, first, again, yesterday и daily не образуют сравнительную и превосходную формы.
Наречия, которые используются с окончаниями -er и -est
Наречия также имеют те же сравнительные и превосходные степени, что и прилагательные.
Положительная форма или Positive form | Сравнительная форма Comparative form |
Превосходная форма Superlative form |
long | longer | (the) longest |
near | nearer | (the) nearest |
straight | straighter | (the) straightest |
Наречия с more и most
Двухсложные или сложные наречия образуются с помощью слов more/most.
Положительная форма или Positive form | Сравнительная форма Comparative form |
Превосходная форма Superlative form |
carefully | more carefully | (the) most carefully |
easily | more easily | (the) most easily |
softly | more softly | (the) most softly |
Irregular Adverbs/Наречия исключения в английском языке
Неправильные наречия имеют такие же формы, что и неправильные прилагательные.
Positive form | Comparative form | Superlative form |
badly | worse | worst |
far | farther or further | farthest or furthest |
little | less | least |
much | more | most |
well | better | best |
- Примеры со словом badly:
- We played badly in the first half. – Мы плохо играли в первом тайме.
- She was treated much worse than I was. – С ней обращались гораздо хуже, чем со мной.
- The worst affected area. – Наихудший район.
- Примеры со словом far:
- How far is it to the department store? – Как далеко до универмага?
- In the summer the herds move farther north. – Летом стада уходят дальше на север.
- The dogs walked to the farthest edge of the garden. – Собаки подошли к дальнему краю сада.
Место наречия в английском предложении. Order of Adverbs
Наречия обычно стоят после глагола в конце предложения. Однако их можно ставить в начале или середине. Факторы, определяющие этот выбор, могут быть:
– акцент, который говорящий хотел бы сделать;
– ритм предложения;
– сложность предложения с несколькими дополнениями.
- Front position – Начальная позиция.
- Mid position – Средняя позиция. Перед смысловым глаголом или после вспомогательного глагола.
- End position – В конце предложения.
Пример:
Front | Mid | End |
Obviously | they will never | see her again. |
Рассмотрим таблицу видов наречий в английском языке
Adverb of manner – наречия образа действия. | Adverb of manner отвечает на вопрос How? Как? | carefully, fast, easily, loudly, well, quickly etc. |
Adverbs of place – наречия места. | Where? – где? | here, there, near, away, off, up, in the park etc. |
Adverbs of time – наречия времени | When? – Когда? | now, today, tomorrow, then, lately etc. |
Adverbs of degree – наречия степени | How much/to what extent? – Сколько? Насколько?/До какой степени? | only, wholly, hardly, far etc. |
Adverbs of frequency – наречия частоты | How often? – как часто? | always, ever, never, often, usually etc. |
Relative adverbs – относительные наречия. | where, why. | where, why. |
Sentence adverbs – сентенциальное наречие | certainly, probably, possibly etc. | clearly, perhaps. |
Разберем каждый тип отдельно.
Adverbs of frequency – наречия частоты
Мы используем некоторые adverbs, чтобы описать, как часто мы что-то делаем.
Частота | Пример |
100% – always – всегда | I always brush my teeth at night. |
90% – usually – обычно | I usually walk to work. |
80% – normally/generally – обычно | I normally get good marks. |
70% – often/frequently – часто | I often read books. |
50% – sometimes – иногда | I sometimes forget my friend’s birthday. |
30% -occasionally – изредка, иногда. | I occasionally drink fizzy water. |
10% seldom – редко | I seldom add sugar to my tea. |
5% rarely/hardly ever – очень редко | I rarely drink beer. |
0% never – никогда | I never swim in the river. |
Note:
- Слово often произносится по-разному:
- [ɔfn] –без буквы ‘t’
- [ɔft ən] – с буквой ‘t’
Наречия частоты употребляются перед смысловым глаголом
Subject + adverb + main verb (подлежащее + наречие + смысловой глагол) |
He always wants to drink coffee. – Он вечно хочет пить кофе. |
I often read in bed at night. – Я часто читаю в постели по ночам. |
- Наречие частоты употребляется после глагола to be
Subject + to be + adverb (подлежащее + глагол to be + наречие) |
I am normally busy at work. – Я обычно занят на работе. |
He is always late. – Он всегда опаздывает. |
Когда мы используем вспомогательный глагол (auxiliary verb): has, would / will, should, can, etc., то затем следует наречие и смысловой глагол.
Subject + Auxiliary verb + Adverb + Main Verb (подлежащее + вспомогательный глагол + наречие + смысловой глагол) |
I have always lived in Italy. – Я всегда жила в Италии. |
I can sometimes beat you in a race. – Иногда я могу победить тебя в гонке. |
- Наречия частоты могут также употребляться в начале или в конце предложения, когда хотим что-то выделить или подчеркнуть:
- Sometimes I get up early. – Иногда я встаю рано.
- They only meet occasionally. – Они встречаются лишь изредка.
- Но в начале предложения не могут стоять следующие слова:
Always, seldom, rarely, hardly, ever, never
*Always или Never могут использоваться в начале предложения в повелительном наклонении.
- hardly ever и never употребляются с глаголом в утвердительной форме:
- You never say “thank you”. – Ты никогда не говоришь «спасибо».
- Ever употребляется в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях:
- Have you ever seen a dolphin? – Ты когда-нибудь видел дельфина?
- I haven’t ever been to Paris. – Я никогда не был в Париже.
- Выражение Used to и модальный глагол have to стоят после наречий частотности:
- You always have to remind them to take of their shoes. – Ты всегда должен напоминать им снимать обувь.
Expressions
А также можно использовать следующие выражения, если хотим быть более конкретными в отношении частотности:
- every day –каждый день;
- once a month – один раз в месяц;
- twice a year – дважды в год;
- four times a day – четыре раза в день;
- daily – ежедневно;
- monthly – ежемесячно;
- weekly – еженедельно;
- annually/every year – ежегодно/каждый год.
I pay for my flat every month = monthly –Я плачу за квартиру каждый месяц.
- I call her daily to make sure she is fine. – Я звоню ей ежедневно, чтобы убедиться, что она в порядке.
Adverbs of time – наречия времени
Adverbs of time отвечает на вопрос When? Когда?
Yesterday, now, later, sooner etc.
Наречия времени могут занимать начальную (если нужно поставить акцент на время) или конечную позицию в предложении.
Пример:
- I will go to the post office tomorrow. – Завтра я пойду на почту.
- Today I will go to the library. – Сегодня я пойду в библиотеку.
Следующие короткие наречия ставятся в середине предложения: Soon, now, then, still, once.
- It is now time to leave. – Пора уходить.
Но также они могут стоять и в других местах:
- Now it’s time to leave.
- It’s time to leave now.
Обратите внимание, что слово sometimes (иногда) относится к типу частотности. Sometime (как-нибудь, когда-нибудь) – наречие времени.
- You must come over and visit me sometime. – Вы должны как-нибудь навестить меня.
- Sometimes I feel like no one understands me. – Иногда мне кажется, что меня никто не понимает.
Adverbs of place – наречия места
Наречия места показывают нам местоположение действия. Они отвечают на следующий вопрос: Where? Где? Home, abroad, around, inside etc.
Наречия места часто ставится после смыслового глагола или в конце предложения.
- После смыслового глагола (main verb):
- She ran home. – Она побежала домой.
- She ran everywhere with her dad. – Она бегала повсюду со своим отцом.
В конце предложения:
- She ran with her dad everywhere.
- Here и there также наречия времени:
- The summer is here. – Лето здесь.
- Take a sit over there. – Присядьте вон там.
- Here и there могут стоять в начале предложения, чтобы сделать акцент:
Если подлежащее является существительным, за here и there следует глагол:
- Here is the summer!
- Here is my brother!
- There went my dog!
Если подлежащее является местоимение, за here и there следует местоимение:
- Here she is!
- Here it is!
- There it is!
- There they are!
Adverbs of degree – наречия меры и степени
Наречия степени отвечает на вопрос How much? To what extent? Сколько? Насколько? /До какой степени?
К наречиям степени относятся такие слова:
Absolutely | совершенно |
Just | просто, всего лишь, только |
Completely | совершенно |
Totally | полностью |
Very | очень |
Extremely | чрезвычайно |
A lot | много |
Terribly | ужасно, очень |
Really | очень |
Much | часто, очень |
Awfully | ужасно |
Quite | довольно |
Pretty | достаточно |
Rather | довольно, до некоторой степени |
A little/a bit | немного, недостаточно |
Enough | достаточно |
Too | слишком |
Slightly | немного, слегка |
Для более детального перевода слов обратитесь к словарю. Так как слова могут иметь разное значение в зависимости от контекста.
Наречия степени обычно ставятся
Перед прилагательным или наречием, которые их определяют:
- He is quite good at Spanish. – Он неплохо владеет испанским языком.
- I am extremely tired. – я очень устала.
Большинство этих наречий могут также стоять перед смысловым глаголом или после вспомогательного глагола.
- I rather like this shirt. – Мне нравится эта рубашка.
- I can’t quite get it. – Я не совсем понимаю это.
Наречия: a lot, totally, completely, absolutely, terribly, awfully, a bit, a little and much могут стоять в середине или в конце предложения.
- The plane was delayed a little. Или The plane was a little delayed.
- The storm completely destroyed the city. Или The storm destroyed the city completely.
Adverbs of manner – наречия образа действия
Наречия образа действия отвечает на вопрос How? Как?
well – хорошо |
quickly – быстро |
softly – тихо, спокойно |
loudly – громко |
beautifully – красиво |
dangerously – опасно |
secretly – тайно |
weakly – слабо |
happily – счастливо |
sadly – грустно |
hard – настойчиво / сильно |
fast – быстро |
quietly – тихо |
slowly – медленно |
roughly – приблизительно / грубо |
greedily – жадно |
nicely – хорошо, отлично |
badly – плохо / сильно |
hungrily – жадно |
angrily – сердито |
thankfully – к счастью |
Наречия образа действия ставятся после дополнения или смыслового глагола
После смыслового глагола |
I dance well – я танцую хорошо. |
I dance slowly – я танцую медленно. |
I dance beautifully – я танцую красиво. |
После дополнения |
I read the book well – я читаю книгу хорошо. |
I read the book loudly – я читаю книгу громко. |
Наречия образа действия также может стоять в середине предложения:
- He looked angrily at me. – Он посмотрел на меня сердито.
Когда в предложении несколько наречий, то порядок таков:
Manner – place – time.
manner | place | time | |
He watched TV | quietly | in his room | until 7.00 |
Однако если есть глагол движения (go, run, leave etc), то наречия места идет рядом с глаголом движения:
place | manner | time | |
Ann was rushed | to hospital | suddenly | an hour ago. |
Если в предложении есть наречия частоты, то порядок таков:
manner | place | frequency | time | |
My sister walks | impatiently | home | every evening | after work. |
Sentence Adverbs – сентенциальное наречие
Наречие, обозначающее все предложение, в целом ставится в начале, середине или в конце предложения. Но чаще всего в начальной позиции.
Sentence adverbs |
Probably – вероятно |
Possibly – может быть, возможно |
Certainly – безусловно |
Clearly – явно, очевидно |
Luckily – к счастью |
Of course – конечно |
Fortunately – к счастью |
Maybe – возможно, может быть |
Perhaps – возможно, может быть |
Примеры:
- Luckily, he didn’t crash into the tree. – К счастью, он не врезался в дерево.
- He luckily didn’t crash into the tree.
- He didn’t crash into the tree, luckily.
В отрицательных предложениях наречия possibly, certainly and probably стоят перед вспомогательным глаголом:
- I probably didn’t believe you. – Я, вероятно, не верил тебе.
Наречия обычно не употребляются между дополнением (object) и глаголом (verb).
He likes biscuits very much. (not: he likes very much biscuits).
Вывод
В следующей таблице приведены наиболее часто используемые позиции для пяти различных типов наречий, рассмотренных выше.
Type of adverb | Most commonly used position in clause |
Adverbs of frequency | Mid-position |
Adverbs of time | End-position. *Or at the Front position if we want to put emphasis on the time. |
Adverbs of degree | Mid-position |
Adverbs of manner | End-position. |
Adverbs of place | End-position. |
Сделайте упражнение, которое поможет вам лучше понять разницу между прилагательным и наречием.
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If adverbs are confusing you, you’re not alone! Grammar can be tricky, and adverbs are a little obscure. Never fear, though, you can figure out how to use them properly. Adverbs are just words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. First figure out where they go in a sentence, and then learn a few key rules to help point you in the right direction.
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Use an adverb to describe a verb. One use of an adverb is to modify a verb. The verb is the action in the sentence, and so an adverb tells when, why, to what extent, where, or how you did the action. You might have done the action quickly, calmly, or quietly, for instance. When using an adverb with a verb, the adverb often goes before the verb, though not always.[1]
- For instance, say you have the following sentence: «She ran to the store.»
- Identify the verb. In this case, the verb is «ran.» Add an adverb before «ran» to describe or modify it: «She quickly ran to the store.»
- You could also write this sentence this way: «She ran to the store quickly.»
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Modify an adjective with an adverb. An adjective describes or modifies a noun, which is a person, place, thing, or idea. An adverb can be used to modify adjectives. It tells more about the adjective.[2]
- Take the following sentence: «She was a sad cat.»
- Identify the adjective in the sentence. «Sad» describes cat, a noun.
- Add a modifier before «sad,» which is the adverb: She was a very sad cat.
- «Very» tells you to what degree the cat was sad—not a little, not a moderate amount, but extremely sad.
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Pair an adverb with an adverb. When you use a word to modify or describe an adverb, it’s also an adverb. It tells you more about the other adverb.
- For instance, start with this sentence: «She walked quickly.» In this sentence, «quickly» is an adverb.
- Next, put an adverb before it to modify it: «She walked extremely quickly.»[3]
- In this sentence, «extremely» and «quickly» are both adverbs. «Extremely» modifies the adverb «quickly,» and «quickly» modifies the verb, «walked.»
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Use an adverb to introduce a sentence. Sometimes, you can use an adverb at the beginning of a sentence to change what the sentence means. These adverbs are followed by a comma.[4]
- Take this sentence: «The dog was outside.»
- If you add an adverb at the beginning, the meaning shifts a little: «Unexpectedly, the dog was outside.»
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Connect independent clauses with conjunctive adverbs. Conjunctive adverbs, which are types of adverbs, can help you join two sentences together. An independent clause is just a sentence with a subject and verb that can stand on its own. When you use conjunctive adverbs to connect or transition between sentences, you need a period or semi-colon.[5]
- For example, say you have these two independent clauses: She ate pie. She regretted it.
- You can connect these sentences in one of two ways with conjunctive adverbs:
- «She ate pie. However, she regretted it.»
- «She ate pie; however, she regretted it.»
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Keep in mind that adverbs can also be phrases. A phrase is a collection of words that can’t stand on its own and doesn’t have both a subject and a verb. For instance, prepositional phrases, which begin with prepositions such as under, over, to, for, with, and through, often act as adverbs in sentences.[6]
- For example, look at this sentence: «They ate the apples at the table.»
- «At the table» describes where they ate the apples, making it an adverb phrase.
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Pay attention to the degrees of adverbs. Adverbs come in three basic degrees, positive, comparative, and superlative. The positive adverb is your basic adverb used to describe one thing or one group of things. A comparative adverb compares two things or groups, and the superlative establishes that one thing or group is better than several other sets of groups or things.[7]
- To clarify, many adverbs can be expressed in degrees, such as «fast,» «faster,» «fastest.»
- You could say, «She runs fast,» which is the positive case. «She runs faster than my sister,» is the comparative because it’s comparing two things. «She runs the fastest in her class,» is superlative because you’re establishing it’s the best out of many things.
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Pay attention to position. Position is also important in adverbs. Adverbs that connect sentences to other sentences are found at the beginning of sentences, such as «however.» Adverbs that modify certain parts of the sentence often go in the middle, such as «only,» which can change the meaning of the sentence if moved. Adverbs that modify manner, place, or frequency can sometimes be found at the end of the sentence.[8]
- For instance, «afterwards» often comes at the beginning of the sentence because it connects it to the previous sentence: «We played games all afternoon. Afterwards, we ate ice cream.»
- «Only» can move around in the sentence depending on what you want it to modify. For example, «They only ate pie in the afternoon,» has a different meaning than, «They ate pie only in the afternoon.» In the first sentence, they didn’t eat anything else but pie in the afternoon. In the second sentence, they consumed pie just in the afternoon, rather than other times of day.
- Other adverbs end up at the end of the sentence: «He picked the bowtie that suited him best.» «Best» is the adverb in this sentence, describing how it suited him.
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Cut out redundant adverbs. Sometimes, an adverb used with a verb is repetitive, and it makes your writing feel clunky. The verb often is enough to describe what is going on without adding extra words.[9]
- For example, take this sentence: «She exclaimed excitedly.»
- «Exclaimed» already implies excitement. Adding «excitedly» is redundant.
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Question
What is an adverb of place?
Diana Con Webber is a Teacher in Arizona. She received her Standard Elementary Education, K-8 Certificate in 2017.
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Question
What is an adverb in this sentence? «The father glanced down at the paper which he was holding in his hand.»
«Down» is an adverb modifying «glanced.» Everything after «down» is an adverbial phrase also modifying «glanced.» The adverbial phrase consists first of a prepositional phrase and then an independent clause (which includes a second prepositional phrase).
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Question
What are the 2 steps I do when finding the adverb in a sentence?
First identify all verbs and adjectives in the sentence. Then identify any words that modify the verbs or adjectives. Those modifiers are adverbs. If the adverbs are modified by other words, those modifiers are also adverbs.
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Adverb Definition: An adverb is a part of speech that modifies verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Examples below.
Definition of Adverb: Most often, adverbs modify verbs. When adverbs modify verbs, they describe the verb, much like an adjective modifies or describes a noun.
Here are a few adverb examples.
- David quickly walked.
“Quickly” is an adverb modifying the verb, “walked.” This adverb tells how David walked.
- Amanda sings loudly.
“Loudly” is an adverb modifying the verb, “sings.” This adverb tells how Amanda sings.
Adverbs often, but not always, end in “ly.” These adverbs can usually be formed by adding “ly” to an adjective.
- strangely (strange + ly)
- quietly (quiet + ly)
- joyfully (joyful + ly)
What are Some Adverbs?
There are thousands of different adverb examples, but here is just a short list of some common ones.
- Happily (happy + ly)
- Beautifully (beautiful + ly)
- Easily (easy + ly)
- Clearly (clear + ly)
- Closely (close + ly)
- Highly (high + ly)
- Rarely (rare + ly)
- Softly (soft + ly)
- Quietly (quiet + ly)
- Wrongly (wrong + ly)
As you can see, it is very common for adverbs to end in “ly.”
How Adverbs are Used?
In English, adverbs are used to modify language. They modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
Here are some adverb examples with each part of speech that they modify.
Examples of Adverbs Modifying Verbs
- David walked quickly.
“Quickly” is an adverb modifying the verb, “walked.” This adverb tells how David walked.
- Amanda sings loudly.
“Loudly” is an adverb modifying the verb, “sings.” This adverb tells how Amanda sings.
Examples of Adverbs Modifying Adjectives
- Kate is a stunningly beautiful girl.
“Stunningly” is an adverb modifying the adjective, “beautiful.” This adverb further describes Kate’s beauty.
- Tantalizingly delicious chocolate-chip cookies are baking in the oven.
“Tantalizingly” is an adverb modifying the adjective, “delicious.” This adverb further describes how delicious the cookies are.
Examples of Adverbs Modifying Adverbs
- I nearly always agree with the local newspaper’s position.
“Nearly” is an adverb modifying the adverb “always.” This adverb along with the adverb “always” modifies the extent to which “I” agree with the newspaper.
- My brother moves quite slowly in the morning.
“Quite” is an adverb modifying the adverb “slowly.” This adverb along with the adverb “slowly” modifies the how my brother moves in the morning.
Different Types of Adverbs
When adverbs modify, they tell when, where, how, and to what extent something occurs.
An easy way to spot an adverb is to ask yourself a question (WHEN? WHERE? HOW? TO WHAT EXTENT?) to see if the adverb fits the answer. See the examples below to see sentences with adverbs that answer each of these questions.
Examples of Adverbs that tell WHEN
- today
- I will go to the store today. (WHEN will I go to the store? Today.)
- soon
- The milk will soon expire. (WHEN will the milk expire? Soon.)
- often
- Sandra works from home often. (WHEN does Sandra work from home? Often.)
Examples of Adverbs that tell WHERE
- everywhere
- In the desert at night, stars are visible everywhere. (WHERE are stars visible? Everywhere.)
- above
- Above, I saw three flying objects. (WHERE did I see three flying objects? Above.
- beyond
- The horizon stretches beyond. (WHERE does the horizon stretch? Beyond.)
Examples of Adverbs that tell HOW (In what manner?)
- carefully
- Yvan carefully placed the last puzzle piece. (HOW did Yvan place the last puzzle piece? Carefully.)
- gratefully
- Gratefully, the movie star accepted the award. (HOW did the movie star accept the award? Gratefully.)
- peacefully
- I left the sermon peacefully. (HOW did I leave the sermon? Peacefully)
Examples of Adverbs that tell TO WHAT EXTENT (How much?)
- almost
- The shooter almost missed the target. (TO WHAT EXTENT did the shooter miss the target? Almost.)
- barely
- The band barely arrived on time. (TO WHAT EXTENT did the band arrive? Barely.)
- completely
- The dance team completely forgot their choreography. (TO WHAT EXTENT did the dance team forget? Completely).
Where Do You Put Adverbs?
When adverbs modify verbs, they can shift around the sentence. Shifting the adverb placement creates more interesting sentence structures. Here are a few sentences using adverbs in various positions.
Before the verb:
- David quickly walks.
After the verb:
- David walks quickly.
As an opener (This form must have a comma after the adverb.)
- Quickly, David walks.
When adverbs modify adjectives or other adverbs, they must be placed directly before the word they modify.
Adverb modifying adjective:
- Kate is a stunningly beautiful girl.
- (“Stunningly” is an adverb modifying the adjective, “beautiful.”)
Adverb modifying adverb:
- I nearly always agree with the local newspaper’s position.
- (“Nearly” is an adverb modifying the adverb “always.”)
What are Comparative and Superlative Adverbs?
Comparative adverbs compare two people, places, or things. They tell the degree or extent to which the two people, places, or things are compared.
Examples of Comparative Adverbs:
- faster
- earlier
- harder
- happier
- stronger
For most “short” adverbs, adding “er” to the end of the word will create a comparative adverb.
- faster (adverb fast + er)
- Zoey runs faster than Bethany.
- earlier (adverb early + er)
- My mom wakes up earlier than my dad.
When an adverb ends in “ly,” the word more or less must be used immediately before the adverb to create the comparison.
- more efficiently
- The car runs more efficiently than the truck.
- more gracefully
- Bella danced more gracefully than Ina.
- less impulsively
- Ana purchased items less impulsively than Aubrey.
- less creatively
- Joseph’s presentation was executed less creatively than Tyler’s.
Superlative adverbs compare three or more people, places, or things.
Examples of Superlative Adverbs:
- fastest
- Of all the runners, Zoey ran the fastest.
- earliest
- My mom rises the earliest in our house.
- hardest
- Johnson’s class has many hard-working students, but Samson works the hardest.
- best
- Ali is the best player on the team.
- worst
- Liver and onions is the worst dish my grandmother prepares.
What are Flat and Simple Adverbs?
Flat adverbs are adverbs that have the same form as their corresponding adjective. They do not change form when they become adverbs.
Examples of Flat Adverbs:
- hard
- They played hard.
- fast
- Michelle runs fast.
- high
- Steven jumps high
Simple adverbs are adverbs that add “ly” to the end of an adjective to create and adverb.
Examples of simple adverbs:
- strangely (strange + ly)
- quietly (quiet + ly)
- joyfully (joyful + ly)
What are Phrasal Adverbs?
A phrasal adverb (or adverbial phrase) is a group of two or more words functioning as an adverb.
Examples of Phrasal Adverbs
- at noon
- At noon we ate lunch.
“At noon” modifies WHEN we ate lunch. WHEN did we eat lunch? At noon.
- through the field
- The deer ran through the field.
“Through the field” modifies WHERE the deer ran. WHERE did the deer run? Through the field.
- in shock
- In shock I watched the misdemeanor occur.
“In shock” modifies HOW I watched the misdemeanor occur. HOW did I watch the misdemeanor occur? In shock.
Summary
What are adverbs? Adverbs tell us things about actions that are performed. For example, an adverb tells us when, where, how, in what manner, or to what extent an action is performed. They most commonly modify verbs, but they can also modify adjectives or other adverbs.
When: He had pizza yesterday.
Where: He played basketball there.
How: He shouted manically.
In What Manner: She played guitar peacefully.
To What Extent: He totally forgot about his doctor’s appointment.
Contents
- 1 What is an Adverb?
- 2 What are Some Adverbs?
- 3 How Adverbs are Used?
- 4 Different Types of Adverbs
- 5 Where Do You Put Adverbs?
- 6 What are Comparative and Superlative Adverbs?
- 7 What are Flat and Simple Adverbs?
- 8 What are Phrasal Adverbs?
- 9 Summary