Using shall and will in a sentence for each word

Will and shall are two modal verbs used to show the future tense. Here is a comparison (will vs shall) and 100+ sentences of will and shall, so that you can understand them better.

The uses of the modal verbs ‘will’ and ‘shall’ are sometimes a bit confusing. It isn’t always clear when to use shall and when to use will. This is especially true in writing, where it is easy to confuse your readers if you get these words wrong.

In this article, we will look at how they are used with examples so that you can understand them better.

  • Will and shall are two modal verbs used to show the future tense.
  • “Shall” is used to indicate a promise or a threat, while “will” can be used for making promises or threats.
  • Both help in talking about the present, as well.

It’s important to learn different uses of will and shall in order to be more precise while expressing one’s thoughts.

Usage of Will Examples
Will can be used to make polite suggestions John, will you pass the salt?
Will is used to make polite requests Will you help me with my homework?
Will is used to make predictions and give advice Clifford, I will lend you my dictionary later if you need it.
Will is used to say what one expects or thinks will happen I will fail my exams unless I start studying now.
Will is used to talk about what one wants I will always love you.
Usage of Shall Examples
“Shall” is a modal auxiliary of “will”:
It’s used to make predictions about the future.
I thought you shall be joining us.
Shall is used to show determination. We shall meet our deadline.
Shall is used with first-person to show the certainty of an action that will take place in the near future. I shall start my paper tomorrow.
We shall meet him for lunch at 12.
Shall is used to make suggestions. He shall run the marathon!
Shall is used to make promises voluntarily. I shall buy you a new computer for your birthday present.

Hopefully, you will be able to differentiate between “will” and “shall” with the help of the above comparison.

Will Vs Shall use in examplesPin

Will Vs Shall use in examples

Sentences of will and shall

Affirmative Sentences of Will

  1. It is evident that she has been at fault and will be severely punished.
  2. You will be called upon to work long hours.
  3. You will never succeed unless you persevere.
  4. Our team will put in a lot of effort.
  5. I am sure that the work we produce will be of high quality and meet all deadlines.
  6. I will clean the house tomorrow.
  7. You will sleep during the movie.
  8. We will go to Paris this year.
  9. He will finish it before you come back.
  10. They will come in at 9pm.
  11. The kids will study after dinner.
  12. Mom will stay overnight at the hotel.
  13. They will get a pay rise next month.
  14. She will be home soon.
  15. You will write the report after lunch.
  16. He will give you his car if you ask him.
  17. You will be a designer one day.
  18. We were there yesterday, and we will be there tomorrow too!
  19. I will buy a new car next month.
  20. He will get lost on the way home.
  21. She will see you now, George.
  22. What time is it in Japan? Japan time will be 6 hours ahead of us (6 hours west).
  23. You will like it.
  24. She will get an A+ on the test, for sure.
  25. There will be enough money to do what I need to do next month.
  26. I will buy a new computer as soon as I can afford one.
  27. We will have a huge dinner and lots of cake!
  28. She will probably go to the movies with her friends tonight.
  29. You will make a mistake if you don’t ask for help.
  30. You will change the tyre of your car regularly.
  31. They will be a little disappointed.
  32. I will leave as soon as my work is done.
  33. They will build a bridge across the river in the summer holidays next year.
  34. We will leave this town soon.
  35. I will try to be there for your birthday celebration.

Negative Sentences of Will

  1. They will not come home tonight.
  2. He will not be able to join us on vacation.
  3. She will not take care of it.
  4. My wife said that she will not give me any more money for clothes.
  5. I will not use public transport.
  6. We will not go out on weekends the three months.
  7. You are very friendly, but I will not depend on you.
  8. They will not come when they can.
  9. We will not use the old table in the new apartment.
  10. The car will not pass the test.

Interrogative Sentences of Will

  1. Will you advise me a little in that matter?
  2. What will the weather be like today?
  3. Will everybody be discussing it?
  4. Will I know where to turn to for help?
  5. Will you be ready by then?
  6. Will she go to the movie?
  7. Will he cook meals every night?
  8. Will they be at the meeting on time?
  9. Will they go to London in July?
  10. Will you be happy for him?

Sentences of Shall

  1. You shall clean my car and I will go on vacation.
  2. He shall do his homework now.
  3. We shall be watching TV now.
  4. They shall get into trouble one day.
  5. John promised to give me more time with him and we shall make a plan tonight.
  6. She says that she shall be there at 8 o’clock sharp.
  7. She shall bring the files to work on Wednesday.
  8. You shall catch up on all your work today.
  9. You shall please your teachers.
  10. We shall reduce costs.
  11. They shall travel to Berlin.
  12. David shall do the exercises.
  13. You shall be a good boy and study hard.
  14. Few boys shall refuse a dare from their friends.
  15. We shall live in a small suburb.
  16. You shall never leave!
  17. They shall be punished.
  18. You shall do this for me, or you shall be punished too.
  19. They shall not pass!
  20. We shall be looking out for it.
  21. You shall make it work.
  22. She shall understand the situation.
  23. A day later I shall have met my deadline.
  24. You shall go to the ball.
  25. You shall not go to the ball.
  26. I shall feed the dog.
  27. I shall water the flowers later.
  28. I shall be eligible for the prize.
  29. It shall rain in the morning.
  30. You shall come to classes early.
  31. I shall call at five o’clock.
  32. They shall finish within a week.
  33. This sauce shall be delicious.
  34. We shall meet next month if we have time.
  35. I am sure that you are honest, and I shall always trust you.
  36. She shall soon solve the problem.
  37. We shall order their arrest.
  38. They shall be given a chance to defend themselves.
  39. She shall move into her new office today.
  40. I want to talk to you about your grades and I am sure that shall turn them around.
  41. They are going to offer a course on flower arranging and I think you shall enjoy it.

Negative Sentences of Shall

  1. You all have to sign this petition since you shall be living in our city.
  2. I shall not eat it, OK?
  3. You shall not do that.
  4. You shall not fail in this task.
  5. You shall not force your opinion on me!

Interrogative Sentences of Shall

  1. Shall we make it on time?
  2. Shall people use this new tool?
  3. Shall we see her tomorrow?
  4. Shall we be rewarded for honesty?
  5. Shall you meet the required standards?

Read also

  • Will and shall in Future Tense
  • No Sooner Than Sentences (31 Examples)
  • Examples with Neither Nor
  • Sentences with Either – or
  • Not Only But Also Sentences
  • 50 Example Sentences with However
  • Do Does Did Sentences (50 Examples)
  • Has Have Had use in sentences | 50 Examples
  • Was Were Sentences | 50 Examples
  • There is – There are Sentences | 50 Examples
  • Is am are sentences in English (50 Examples)

Modal verb Shall in English: use cases, examples, forms, difference

когда shall когда will

Traditionally, the modal verb Shall in English has been used with the pronouns I / We to express future actions, just like the auxiliary verb Will. Modern English now only uses will.

In colloquial speech, perhaps the English still use shall as an auxiliary verb, but one way or another, the language is changing, and even the British agree that it is no longer on a par with will.

Today you will learn in what cases this modal verb is used, how sentences are built with it and take a test to test your knowledge.

Forms of formation of the modal verb Shall

This modal verb is used without the to particle and is pronounced [ʃæl], in the negative form the transcription looks like this [ʃɑːnt].

Let’s see how sentences are constructed with this modal verb:

Affirmative sentences

In statements, we put it after the subject:

— I shall talk to him tomorrow. — I’ll talk to him tomorrow.

Obviously, this word is not used with other modal verbs, but you can use it with need to / be able to / have to:

— I have good news! I shall be able to visit my parents in Spain! — I have good news! I can visit my parents in Spain!

Negative sentences

In negations, remember the not particle:

— I shan’t be able to visit my parents. — I won’t be able to visit my parents.

The full form is used in formal situations or when we want to emphasize something. Native speakers rarely use negative structure.

In questions, the verb is swapped with the subject:

— Shall we meet for lunch? “Shouldn’t we meet for lunch?”

Last but not least, Shall is used in separation issues:

— I’ll drive you home, shall I? — I’ll take you home, okay?

Use cases for the modal verb Shall

Shall is never a purely modal verb. It always combines modal meaning with the function of an auxiliary verb for the future tense.

This verb is still used to formulate a commitment with a second and third person in the singular and plural, but it is not common in this sense in colloquial English.

Its use is usually limited to the formal or even archaic style and is found mainly in subordinate clauses, where it is structurally dependent:

Source: https://englishmix.ru/grammatika/modalnye-glagoly/modalnyj-glagol-shall

Enjoy learning English online with Puzzle English for free

когда shall когда will

Difference between shall и will not striking — they both can serve to form the future tense and even replace each other. But since these verbs are modal, they are not so simple with them. Of course, the first thing that comes to mind in connection with will и shall Is the future tense. But they can also contribute to the expression of intention or obligation.

Cases of bygone days

Long ago, before smartphones were invented (like the internet and television), English grammar was more or less orderly.

Traditional rules prescribed the use of shall with the first person (I — I и we — we), in the event that it was necessary to form the future tense without additional meanings. With the rest of the faces it was possible to use will.

It looked something like this:

I shall meet Miss Edwards tomorrow. I’ll see Miss Edwards tomorrow.

We shall stay in London. We will be staying in London.

Miss edwards will be delighted. Miss Edwards will be delighted.

They will meet us at the station. They will meet us at the train station.

If will was used in the first person, then it expressed the idea of ​​aspiration, decisiveness.

I will speak to Miss Edwards about her dog digging up my flower bed! I’ll talk to Ms. Edwards about her dog digging my flower bed!

We will definitely solve this problem. We will definitely solve this problem.

When this confidence in future action was projected onto someone else (second or third person), then it was used shall:

you shall obey me. You will obey me.

Margarete shall help you with that. Margaret will definitely help you with this.

And in fact,

Now we have to reveal all the cards and admit that these rules have not been observed by anyone for a long time. English speakers are fluent in both verbs with any person. The main thing to remember is will is used many times more often than shall.

Although there is at least one case where knowing the old rules will come in handy: if you love classical English literature and want to read it in the original.

Alice, the one who ended up in Wonderland, constantly uses shall with the first person and will — with other persons. After all, she was an educated English girl from a good family.

I shall be punished for it now, by being drowned in my own tears! That will be a queer thing, to be sure! Now, as a punishment, I will also drown in my own tears! It will really be strange!

I do hope it will make me grow large again. I hope this helps me grow again.

Abridged version

In colloquial speech, you don’t have to worry about which verb to put — you can just use contractions after pronouns. Who knows which verb is hidden behind two letters «l«?

I‘ll be there at 6. I’ll be there at six.

They‘ll come over for dinner. They will stop by for dinner.

True, there is still a difference in reducing negatives: «will not « becomes won’t, a «shall not « turns into shan’t. True, this last version is extremely rarely used in America, and it can be heard less and less on other continents.  

Will (shall) — the difference is there still?

Yes, there are cases when only will or only shall… Let’s take them apart!

Although the verb shall is rapidly falling out of use as an indicator of the future tense, nevertheless, in some values ​​it has become entrenched.

  • For example, when you suggest something to someone or ask a clarifying question, you can start the sentence with shall, or put it at the end:

Hall I help you? Can I help you?

Let’s go, shall we? Let’s go to?

End «Shall we?» in the last example, it expresses a certain impatience and even, to some extent, authoritarianism. This is a more formal alternative to the ending «Okay?» which is put when we expect consent from the interlocutor.

Compare:

Let’s just do it, okay? Let’s just do it, ok?

Source: https://puzzle-english.com/directory/will-or-shall

Shall will rules — modal verb in english

когда shall когда will

›Grammar› Verbs ›

Shall and Will cannot be considered pure modal verbs. They almost always combine their modal meaning with the meaning of the future tense.

Shall, Will modal verb forms

I shall / will (shall not / will not, shan’t / won’t) We shall / will (shall not / will not, shan’t / won’t)
You shall / will (shall not / will not, shan’t / won’t)  You shall / will (shall / will not, shan’t / won’t)
He / She / It shall / will (shall not / will not, shan’t / won’t) They shall / will (they shall / will not, shan’t / won’t)

Note: The abbreviated form shan’t is primarily used in British English.

Using modal verbs Shall, Will

The modal verb Shall is almost never used in modern English. It occurs only in a proposal to do something or help:

Shall we move into the kitchen? Shall we go to the kitchen?
It’s too crowded here, shall we go to park instead? It’s too crowded here, maybe we’d better go to the park?

In older texts, the meaning of a promise, warning or threat is found:

You shall never be alone again. You will never be alone again.
You are too arrogant and one day you shall regret it. You are too arrogant and one day you will pay for it.

The modal verb Will has multiple meanings

To express intent or promise:

Don’t worry, I will be back by 11 o’clock. Don’t worry, I’ll be back by 11.

Insistence on something (as a rule, in this case, the full forms of English verbs are used, highlighted in intonation):

You will go to school even if I have to carry you there. You will have to go to school, even if I have to drag you by force.

In orders:

Will you two keep quiet? Quiet you two!

Regular action, often negatively rated:

No wonder that car has hit you, you will cross the street in any place you want. No wonder that car hit you — you always cross the street wherever you please.

Source: http://learneng.ru/grammatika/glagoly/shall-will-pravila.html

Future Simple Tense: rules, examples and use cases

In this article we will look at the rules of education and the use cases of the simple future tense (Future Simple Tense). Remember that besides Future Indefinite and Future tense, there are other ways of expressing future tense in English.

Future Simple Formation Rule

Affirmative sentences in Future Simple are built using auxiliary verbs shall / will and a semantic verb in the first form (in the infinitive).

Verb shall was used for the first person (I, We) and you can find it in ancient texts, for example, in the Bible or Shakespeare; currently shall practically not used, instead it is used will.

An abbreviation can be used in writing ‘ll instead will.

Scheme for constructing affirmative sentences in Future indefinite:

Any person + WILL + V1 + other words.

examples:

I will work tomorrow.

I will work tomorrow.

He’ll work tomorrow.

It will work tomorrow.

To form interrogative sentences, it is necessary to place the auxiliary verb will in the first place in the sentence (or immediately after the interrogative word When, What, etc.), then the subject and the semantic verb (V1) in the first form (infinitive). Scheme for constructing a question in Future Simple:

WILL + face + V1 + other words

Will we work tomorrow?

Are we going to work tomorrow?

Will you work tomorrow?

You will work tomorrow?

To form a negative sentence, we use the scheme for constructing an affirmative sentence, and add a negative particle not to the auxiliary verb will. Instead of will not, the abbreviation won’t can be used, the meaning is identical. Formation diagram of the negative form of the sentence in Future Indefinite:

Face + WILLNOT (or WON’T) + V1 + other words.

examples:

I will not work tomorrow.

I won’t work tomorrow.

He won’t work tomorrow.

It won’t work tomorrow.

Case 1: the expression of assumptions, hopes for some events in the future

To express an assumption, hope or desire about some event in the future, the words are used:

  • sure — sure
  • Believe — believe, believe, believe
  • guess — guess, guess
  • think — think, count
  • hope — hope
  • probably — probably, possible

examples:

I am sure he will win the race.

I’m sure he will win the race.

I think they will be here next month.

I think they will be here next month.

Probably they will go to the seaside next Summer.

Perhaps next summer they will go to the coast.

Case 2: Expressing a Situational Spontaneous Decision

With the help of Future Simple, they express a decision made on the fly in a situation that has arisen (that is, not planned). For example, a visitor in a cafe may say to the waiter, after studying the menu: I will drink a cup of tea. — I’ll have a cup of tea.

To better understand this use case for Future Indefinite, consider the following dialogue:

I feel cold. — Do not worry, I’ll turn the heating on just now.

I’m cold. — Don’t worry, I’ll turn on the heating now.

I need some money. — Come to my place and I’ll lend you some (as much as you need).

I need money. — Come to my house and I will lend you a little (as much as you need).

Source: https://englishplan.ru/grammatika/future-simple

Shall and will: usage rules and differences from other modal verbs

By Natalia October 3, 2018

Modal verbs act as auxiliary verbs, carry a number of different semantic loads. All these rules have their own logical thread, remembering which, you will forever remember the features of shall, will, must, have to, should, ought to, would and others.

Basic concept of modality

Modal verbs perform the function of helping one word to another, fill a bunch of words with meaning.

I should go to work. — I have to go to work.

What happens if you remove should?

I go to work. — I go to work.

The meaning has changed. It is for the correct presentation of thoughts that modal verbs serve.

There are 8 main verbs that obey a number of rules, and 5 words that are not modal, but fit some of these rules.

Basic modal verbs are easy to remember:

MMM — must, may, might;

WW — will, would;

CC — can, could;

SS — shall, should.

Side:

  • ought to, need, have to, be able to (for use in the past tense of opportunity verbs);
  • used to (denoting an action that was performed before but is not being performed now).

Basic rules for modal verbs:

  • You can’t put s to them. Never. Forget about it. We are used to: She speaks English well. — She speaks to him. With a modal verb of opportunity: She might speak English well. — She could speak English well.
  • In questions, they behave in the same way as a regular auxiliary verb: Is he leaving now? — Is he leaving now? And now the verb of opportunity: Could I leave now? — Can I get out now?
  • We use the modal verb first, and then the not particle and then the infinitive. In general, the principle is the same as in the second rule.

Shall and will before and now

English is very plastic or flexible. Every day he changes and adapts to people. This is how the Future Simple or Future Indefinite tense rule has changed.

Source: https://eng911.ru/rules/grammar/shall-will.html

Future in English: future simple, is it necessary and when to use going to

«Grammar» The Times » Future in English: future simple, is it necessary and when to use going to

Future. Everything that hasn’t happened yet, but will happen at any point in time after now. Interestingly, in some languages, for example, in Chinese, there is no future tense — you have to say something like «I’ll go tomorrow.» In English, the future tense, of course, is and it is, moreover, one of the simplest. The future tense is formed by adding will to any verb. However, English would not be English, if it had not thrown in exceptions and nuances here too — they will be discussed.

How Future Simple is formed

If you need to build a sentence in the future, all you need to do is put the particle will in front of the verbs. And that’s all.

I will go. You will do it. John will come. I will go. You do. John will come. It couldn’t be easier, right?

‘ll

Well, or almost nowhere. And here the first difficulty awaits you. In the case when will stands after the pronoun, it is often shortened to ‘ll, that is, I will becomes I’ll, you will — you’ll, he will — he’ll, and so on.

This shouldn’t be a problem when reading; but in spoken language, especially if you are just starting to learn English, this is something worth paying attention to. ‘ll in the colloquial speech of a native speaker can be completely invisible, it literally slips between the pronoun and the verb.

In fluent speech, words will, as it were, flow into each other along the way for a moment, flowing into ‘ll.

But what about shall?

Here, especially if there are students in the classroom who got their first idea of ​​the future tense in English back in Soviet school, they might be surprised. «If the subject in the sentence is I or we, then the verb shall is used to form the future tense.» I don’t know about you, but that’s how I was taught in the 5th grade.

Here the Soviet textbook, to put it mildly, is not entirely right. In all cases, will is used, and it doesn’t matter what face the subject has in the sentence: I will, you will, he will. That’s all. Another classic of English literature Chaucer in the 14th century used will for all pronouns and did not worry about what Soviet textbooks thought about it.

When to use shall

At the same time, I do not want to say at all that the British sent shall to the dustbin of history. If you have more or less sorted out with will, let’s take a look at the cases where shall is quite appropriate.

Shall as the force of circumstance

To begin with, shall and will, although both mean «something will happen in the future,» have a more subtle connotation in their meanings.

Will has a tint of desire, intentions to do something: “I want and will do”, “he wants and will do”. Hallon the other hand, it is, rather, «force majeure circumstances», «something that should happen.» A classic example from English grammar:

I shall drown; no one will save me! I will drown (and this circumstance is stronger than me) and no one will save me (because no one wants or can save me)

Now let’s turn this phrase the other way.

I will drown; no one shall save me! I will drown (and here we have a shade of suicide — I want to drown!), And no one will save me (do not come and do not try to save me!).

In fairness, it should be noted that this nuance — the desire for will and the circumstances for shall are gradually leaving the English language. But the next feature of the verb shall, which we will now talk about, is manifested even more.

Shall as a modal verb

Source: https://englishexplained.ru/future-simple-and-going-to/

В этой статье мы подробно разберем модальные глаголы will, would и shall. Узнаем, как с их помощью выразить вероятность события, просьбу, сожаление и ваши предпочтения.

Модальные глаголы will, would, shall в английском языке

Содержание:

  • 1. Построение предложений с модальными глаголами will, would и shall
  • 2. Модальный глагол will
  • 3. Модальный глагол would
  • 4. Модальный глагол shall

Модальные глаголы отличаются от простых глаголов тем, что не употребляются самостоятельно и не обозначают какое-то действие. Они показывают отношение говорящего к этому действию, и у них есть свои особенности в построении предложений. Перед тем как перейти к изучению случаев употребления модальных глаголов will, would и shall, предлагаем узнать, как их правильно использовать в разных типах предложений.

Построение предложений с модальными глаголами will, would и shall

Построение предложений с модальными глаголами will, would и shall

Давайте посмотрим на примеры предложений с модальными глаголами will, would и shall.

Примеры утвердительных предложений:

I will love you no matter what! — Я буду любить тебя несмотря ни на что!
It would be nice to talk to him. — Было бы здорово с ним поговорить.

Примеры отрицательных предложений:

I will not tell anyone. — Я никому не расскажу.
They wouldn’t help us. — Они бы нам не помогли.

Примеры вопросительных предложений:

Will you help me tonight? — Поможешь мне сегодня вечером?
Would you fix it? — Ты починишь это?
Shall we go out tonight? — Может, пойдем погуляем вечером?

Модальный глагол will

Наверняка вам знаком глагол will как вспомогательный — он используется для образования времени Future Simple.

He will come tomorrow. — Он завтра придет.
I will not work that day. — Я не буду работать в этот день.
Will the train arrive on time? — Поезд прибудет вовремя?

Давайте рассмотрим, в каких случаях will употребляется как модальный глагол.

  1. Готовность сделать что-то

    Мы используем will, когда нужно сказать, что кто-то готов выполнить какое-то действие сейчас или в ближайшем будущем.

    I will cook dinner for you. — Я приготовлю тебе ужин.
    He will redecorate the room for his son. — Он сделает косметический ремонт в комнате для сына.

    Используйте won’t, когда человек отказывается делать что-то или когда что-то (например, техника) не работает. На русский язык такие предложения переводятся в настоящем времени.

    The car won’t start! — Машина не заводится!
    I ask her out every day but she won’t agree! — Я каждый день зову ее на свидание, но она не соглашается!

  2. Просьба, предложение

    Если вам нужно о чем-то спросить или попросить, употребляйте will. Чаще всего такие вопросы адресованы второму лицу (you — ты, вы).

    Will you take children to school? — Отвезешь детей в школу?
    Will you stay and have lunch with us? — Останешься пообедать с нами?

  3. Вероятность или уверенность

    С помощью will можно говорить о событиях, которые вероятнее всего произойдут. Часто в подобных ситуациях используют слова probably (вероятно), certainly/definitely (точно).

    He will certainly pass his math exam. — Он точно сдаст экзамен по математике.
    We definitely will not invite him to our housewarming party! — Мы точно не будем приглашать его на наше новоселье!

  4. Приказ

    Еще один случай использования will — приказы, распоряжения, команды.

    You will go upstairs and clean your room! — Ты поднимешься наверх и уберешь свою комнату!
    I don’t care what he wants! He will not quit his job! — Мне все равно, чего он хочет! Он не уволится с работы!

  5. Обещание, предупреждение

    Если вам нужно что-то пообещать или предупредить о чем-то, вам поможет глагол will.

    I will give you a ride, don’t worry. — Я тебя подвезу, не переживай.
    It is raining outside. You will get wet! — На улице дождь. Ты промокнешь!

Модальный глагол would

Модальный глагол would — это прошедшая форма глагола will. Рассмотрим случаи употребления would:

  1. Вежливая просьба или предложение

    С глаголом would ваши просьбы и предложения будут звучать более вежливо, чем с глаголом will.

    Would you please bring me the report? — Ты не могла бы принести мне отчет?
    Would you show me around? — Вы не могли бы показать мне город?

  2. Готовность делать что-то в прошлом

    Используйте would для описания ситуаций, в которых вы готовы были делать какие-то вещи.

    She would eagerly wash the dishes and iron clothes, but she didn’t like sweeping the floor. — Она охотно мыла посуду и гладила вещи, но не любила подметать пол.

    Используем would not, когда человек отказался что-то делать или когда что-то не работало в прошлом.

    I know he was at home but he would not answer the phone. — Я знаю, что он был дома, но на телефон он не отвечал.
    I was late because the elevator wouldn’t go this morning! I got stuck! — Я опоздал, потому что лифт никак не хотел ехать этим утром! Я застрял!

  3. Гипотетическая ситуация

    Употребляем would вместе с глаголом в инфинитивной форме без частицы to, когда не уверены в чем-то или описываем нереальную ситуацию в настоящем.

    I don’t like this coffee. It would taste much better with some cream. — Мне не нравится этот кофе. Он был бы вкуснее со сливками.

    Также гипотетическую ситуацию о настоящем или будущем можно выразить с помощью условных предложений второго типа.

    He would travel to Asia if he had more money. — Он бы поехал в Азию, если бы у него было больше денег.
    Teachers would be more motivated to work if they were paid more. — Учителя были бы более мотивированы работать, если бы им платили больше.

    Когда описываем нереальную ситуацию в прошлом, используем would have вместе с глаголом в третьей форме.

    It is a pity you could not join us at the bar. You would have loved the place! — Жаль, что ты не смог присоединиться к нам в баре. Тебе бы очень понравилось это место!

    Также гипотетическую ситуацию о прошлом можно описать с помощью условных предложений третьего типа.

    I would have driven you home if you had asked me to. — Я бы подвез тебя домой, если бы ты меня попросила.
    If he had spent less time playing video games and more time studying, he would have passed the exam! — Если бы он тратил меньше времени на игры и больше на учебу, он бы сдал экзамен!

  4. Прошлые привычки

    Модальный глагол would нужен для описания действий, которые кто-то регулярно выполнял в прошлом, но больше этого не делает.

    Every winter we would go skiing in the Alps. — Каждую зиму мы ездили кататься на лыжах в Альпы.
    He would come to play with me every evening when we were kids. — Он приходил поиграть со мной каждый вечер, когда мы были детьми.

  5. Предпочтения

    Сказать о своих предпочтениях можно с помощью выражений would like (хотел бы), would love (был бы очень рад) и would prefer (предпочел бы). Обратите внимание, если после этих выражений следует глагол, то перед ним нужно поставить частицу to.

    I would like to find out more about this palace. The guidebook says it’s haunted. — Я бы хотел узнать больше об этом дворце. В путеводителе сказано, что там живут привидения.
    They would love to come, but Michael works on Saturday, so it is impossible. — Они бы с радостью приехали, но Майкл работает в субботу, поэтому это невозможно.
    He would prefer a room overlooking the sea. — Он бы предпочел номер с видом на море.

  6. Сожаление, раздражение, недовольство

    Когда мы сожалеем о том, что не в силах изменить, используем конструкцию I wish. Говоря о настоящем, используем конструкцию I wish I did (Past Simple), а говоря о прошлом — I wish I had done (Past Perfect). Если же мы выражаем недовольство сложившимся положением дел и при этом надеемся на изменения, употребляем I wish smb would do или if only smb would do. Сравните:

    I wish I had not dropped out of university. — Жаль, что я ушел из университета. (сожаление о прошлом, которое мы не в силах изменить)
    I wish I lived in London. — Жаль, что я не живу в Лондоне. (сожаление о настоящем, которое мы не в силах изменить)
    I wish she would stop complaining all the time! — Мне бы очень хотелось, чтобы она перестала постоянно жаловаться! (недовольство и надежда на изменения)
    If only he would stop making so much trouble. — Если бы только он перестал создавать столько неприятностей! (недовольство и надежда на изменения)

  7. Модальный глагол shall

    Раньше модальный глагол shall наравне с will служил вспомогательным глаголом для построения будущего времени и использовался с местоимениями I (я) и we (мы). Но в современном английском эта форма считается устаревшей. Для чего же нужен модальный глагол shall сейчас? У него осталась одна функция — используем shall с местоимениями I (я) и we (мы), когда предлагаем что-то или просим совет.

    Shall we invite your parents for dinner? — Может, пригласим твоих родителей на ужин?
    When shall we start? — Когда можем начать?
    What time shall I come? — Во сколько мне прийти?

    Shall I или Shall we также ставят в конце разделительных вопросов (tag questions), которые начинаются с let’s (давай/давайте), чтобы что-то предложить.

    Let’s dance, shall we? — Потанцуем, хорошо?
    Let’s order a pizza, shall we? — Давай закажем пиццу, хорошо?

    Потренироваться в употреблении модальных глаголов will, would и shall вы можете на занятиях курса «Практическая грамматика».

    Теперь вы знаете больше о функциях модальных глаголов will, would и shall в английском языке. Пройдите тест, чтобы закрепить знания на практике.

    Тест по теме «Модальные глаголы will, would, shall в английском языке»

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The modal verbs shall and will usually combine the meanings with that of futurity.

I will give you this money.

Я охотно дам тебе эти деньги.

You shan’t be without notes.

Не останешься ты без конспектов.

The modal verbs shall and will can be regarded as modal verbs when they are used not according to the general rules. That is, when they are used with a wrong person or in adverbial clauses of time and condition where no future tenses can be used.

The modal verb will

The modal verb will can express:

  • Wish or resolution to perform an action.

    If you will come to my place, I will show you my books.

    Если вы пожелаете зайти ко мне, я обязательно покажу вам свои книги.

  • Obstinacy in performing an action in the present (will loses its meaning of future here).

    I ask her not to call me this name but she will do it.

    Я просил ее не звонить мне, но она продолжает это делать.

The modal verb would

There are several models where would is used as a modal verb:

  • In negative sentences in the Indicative mood would can be used as a modal verb expressing wish not to perform an action in the past.

    He would not answer my questions.

    Он упорно не желал отвечать на мои вопросы.

  • In conditional sentences in the Subjunctive mood would can be used as a modal verb expressing wish or resolution to perform an action when it is used not according to the general rules. That is in the subordinate clause or in the principal close with the first person.

    If you would come to my place I would show my books.

    Если ты придешь ко мне, я обязательно покажу тебе мои книги.

    If the Soviets would give the necessary diplomatic privilege to Mr. L, we would do the same for Litvinov.

    Если бы советы дали бы необходимые дипломатические привелегии господину L, мы бы обязательно сделали то же самое для Литвинова.

  • The modal verb would can be used in the Indicative mood to express obstinacy in performing an action in the past.

    I asked her not to bang the door but she would do it.

    Я просил ее не хлопать дверью, но она все равно делает это.

    Note: With lifeless things this would expresses impossibility to perform an action with object.

    The door would not open.

    Дверь никак не открывалась.

The modal verb shall

The modal verb shall can be regarded as a modal verb when it is used not according to the general rules. That is with the wrong person (with the second or third) or in adverbial clauses of time and condition.

  • The modal verb shall expresses moral obligation and is often used in emotional disputes.

    — Get up, little one. It’s time to go to school.

    — I won’t go to school.

    — You shall go.

    — Вставай малыш. Пора идти в школу.

    — Но я совсем не хочу идти в школу.

    — Ты должен идти.

    — We won’t take part in this war, sir.

    — You shall, or you will be hanged.

    — Мы совсем не хотим участвовать в этой войне, сир.

    — Вы должны или будете повешены.

  • The modal verb shall is also regarded as a modal verb expressing obligations in questions addressed to the first person because such questions are unlikely to be regarded as normal questions in the Future Indefinite.

    Shall I give you his telephone number?

    Дать тебе его телефонный номер?

  • The modal verb shall with the II and III person can also express promise.

    You shall have a fine dress, Cinderella, you shall go to the ball.

    У тебя будет красивое платье, ты поедешь на бал.

This article in Russian

Разница между shall и will не бросается в глаза — они оба могут служить для формирования будущего времени и даже подменять друг друга. Но так как глаголы эти модальные, с ними не все так просто. Конечно, первое, что приходит в голову в связи с will и shall — это будущее время. Но еще они могут способствовать выражению намерения или долженствования.

Дела давно минувших дней

Давным-давно, когда смартфоны еще не изобрели (как и интернет с телевидением), английская грамматика была более или менее упорядоченным явлением.

Традиционные правила предписывали употребление shall с первым лицом (I — я и we — мы), в том случае, если нужно было сформировать будущее время без дополнительных смыслов. С остальными лицами можно было использовать will.

Выглядело это примерно так:

I shall meet Miss Edwards tomorrow. Я завтра встречусь с мисс Эдвардс.

We shall stay in London. Мы остановимся в Лондоне.

Miss Edwards will be delighted. Мисс Эдвардс будет очень рада.

They will meet us at the station. Они встретят нас на вокзале.

Если will употреблялось в первом лице, то это выражало идею устремленности, решительности.

I will speak to Miss Edwards about her dog digging up my flower bed! Я поговорю с Мисс Эдвардс о ее собаке, которая копает мою цветочную клумбу!

We will definitely solve this problem. Мы обязательно разрешим эту проблему.

Когда эта уверенность в будущем действии проецировалась на кого-то другого (на второе или третье лицо), то использовалось shall:

You shall obey me.Ты будешь меня слушаться.

Margarete shall help you with that. Маргарет обязательно поможет вам с этим.

А на самом деле…

Теперь мы должны раскрыть все карты и признаться, что эти правила давно никем не соблюдаются. Носители английского свободно употребляют оба глагола с любыми лицами. Главное, что стоит помнить — will употребляется во много раз чаще, чем shall.

Хотя есть, по крайней мере, один случай, когда знание старых правил вам пригодится: если вы любите классическую английскую литературу и хотите читать ее в оригинале.

Алиса, та самая, которая попала в Страну Чудес, постоянно использует shall c первым лицом и will — с другими лицами. Все-таки, она была образованной английской девочкой из хорошей семьи.

I shall be punished for it now, by being drowned in my own tears! That will be a queer thing, to be sure! Вот теперь я в наказание еще и утону в собственных слезах! Вот уж, действительно, будет странно!

I do hope it will make me grow large again. Я надеюсь, это поможет мне снова вырасти.

Сокращенный вариант

В разговорной речи можно не переживать о том, какой глагол ставить — можно просто использовать сокращения после местоимений. Кто узнает, какой именно глагол скрывается за двумя буквами «l»?

I’ll be there at 6. Я буду там в шесть.

They’ll come over for dinner. Они зайдут поужинать.

Правда, в сокращении отрицаний разница все же есть: «will not» становится won’t, a «shall not» превращается в shan’t. Правда, этот последний вариант крайне редко употребляется в Америке, да и на других континентах его можно слышать все реже.  

Will (shall) — разница все же есть?

Да, существуют случаи, когда употребляется только will или только shall. Давайте их разберем!

Хотя глагол shall стремительно выходит из употребления как показатель будущего времени, все же в каких-то значениях он закрепился.

  • Например, когда вы предлагаете кому-то что-то или задаете уточняющий вопрос, можно начать предложение с shall, либо поставить его в конец:

Shall I help you? Вам помочь?

Let’s go, shall we? Пойдем?

Окончание «shall we?» в последнем примере выражает некое нетерпение и даже, в какой-то степени, авторитарность. Это более формальная альтернатива окончанию «Okay?», которое ставится, когда мы ожидаем согласия от собеседника.

Сравните:

Let’s just do it, okay? Давай просто сделаем это, ок?

Let’s just do it, shall we? Давайте просто сделаем это?

  • В утвердительных предложениях shall имеет значение приказа или инструкции.

Например, в конституции одного из американских штатов это слово упоминается 1767 раз. Неплохо для устаревшего глагола-аутсайдера!

The courts of justice of the State shall be open to every person. Органы правосудия штата доступны каждому человеку.

No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. Ни один человек не может быть лишен жизни, свободы или имущества без законного основания.

Marriage in this state shall consist only of the union of one man and one woman. Браком в этом штате называется только союз одного мужчины и одной женщины.

  • Также, когда люди говорят о чем-то торжественно или описывают очень важные события, зачастую выбор падает на shall.

В романе «Робинзон Крузо» у Даниеля Дефо капитан во время шторма говорит:

Lord be merciful to us! We shall be all lost! We shall be all undone! Господи, смилуйся над нами, иначе мы погибли, всем нам конец!

  • Will, в отличие от shall, используется, чтобы описывать привычные регулярные действия. Часто (но не всегда) речь ведется о тех привычках, которые раздражают говорящего.

He will put his socks under the bed, whatever I say. Он постоянно кладет свои носки под кровать, что бы я ему ни говорила.

Look at this tiger hiding in a box! Cats will be cats. Посмотри на этого тигра, который прячется в коробке! Коты они и есть коты.

Заметьте, что мы не переводим такие предложения с помощью будущего времени! Тут речь идет о регулярных действиях, хотя все выглядит, как Future Simple.

  • Также will используется, чтобы описать что-то, что случится с большой долей вероятности или случается всегда в определенных условиях:

Proper application of chlorine will produce bacteria-free water. Правильное использование хлора позволяет получить воду без бактерий.

Изначальное значение will — это намерение, устремление, желание. Слово воля так и переводится на английский: will. Да, это слово может быть существительным, не удивляйтесь, если вам встретится не только глагол.

The last will and testament of my grandmother.

Последняя воля и завещание моей бабушки.

Вот так англичане и превратили свою волю, свое «хочу» в «буду». Изучайте этот интереснейший язык и осуществляйте свои желания!

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