Evil, in a general sense, is defined as the opposite or absence of good. It can be an extremely broad concept, although in everyday usage it is often more narrowly used to talk about profound wickedness and against common good. It is generally seen as taking multiple possible forms, such as the form of personal moral evil commonly associated with the word, or impersonal natural evil (as in the case of natural disasters or illnesses), and in religious thought, the form of the demonic or supernatural/eternal.[1] While some religions, world views, and philosophies focus on «good versus evil», others deny evil’s existence and usefulness in describing people.
Evil can denote profound immorality,[2] but typically not without some basis in the understanding of the human condition, where strife and suffering (cf. Hinduism) are the true roots of evil. In certain religious contexts, evil has been described as a supernatural force.[2] Definitions of evil vary, as does the analysis of its motives.[3] Elements that are commonly associated with personal forms of evil involve unbalanced behavior including anger, revenge, hatred, psychological trauma, expediency, selfishness, ignorance, destruction and neglect.[4]
In some forms of thought, evil is also sometimes perceived as the dualistic antagonistic binary opposite to good,[5] in which good should prevail and evil should be defeated.[6] In cultures with Buddhist spiritual influence, both good and evil are perceived as part of an antagonistic duality that itself must be overcome through achieving Nirvana.[6] The ethical questions regarding good and evil are subsumed into three major areas of study:[7] meta-ethics concerning the nature of good and evil, normative ethics concerning how we ought to behave, and applied ethics concerning particular moral issues. While the term is applied to events and conditions without agency, the forms of evil addressed in this article presume one or more evildoers.
Etymology
The modern English word evil (Old English yfel) and its cognates such as the German Übel and Dutch euvel are widely considered to come from a Proto-Germanic reconstructed form of *ubilaz, comparable to the Hittite huwapp- ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European form *wap- and suffixed zero-grade form *up-elo-. Other later Germanic forms include Middle English evel, ifel, ufel, Old Frisian evel (adjective and noun), Old Saxon ubil, Old High German ubil, and Gothic ubils.[8]
The root meaning of the word is of obscure origin though shown to be akin to modern German übel (noun: Übel, although the noun evil is normally translated as «das Böse») with the basic idea of social or religious transgression.[citation needed]
Chinese moral philosophy
As with Buddhism, in Confucianism or Taoism there is no direct analogue to the way good and evil are opposed although reference to demonic influence is common in Chinese folk religion. Confucianism’s primary concern is with correct social relationships and the behavior appropriate to the learned or superior man. Thus evil would correspond to wrong behavior. Still less does it map into Taoism, in spite of the centrality of dualism in that system[citation needed], but the opposite of the cardinal virtues of Taoism, compassion, moderation, and humility can be inferred to be the analogue of evil in it.[9][10]
European philosophy
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This article is missing information about other European philosophers apart from Spinoza. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. (August 2022) |
Spinoza
Benedict de Spinoza states
- By good, I understand that which we certainly know is useful to us.
- By evil, on the contrary, I understand that which we certainly know hinders us from possessing anything that is good.[11]
Spinoza assumes a quasi-mathematical style and states these further propositions which he purports to prove or demonstrate from the above definitions in part IV of his Ethics:[11]
- Proposition 8 «Knowledge of good or evil is nothing but affect of joy or sorrow in so far as we are conscious of it.»
- Proposition 30 «Nothing can be evil through that which it possesses in common with our nature, but in so far as a thing is evil to us it is contrary to us.»
- Proposition 64 «The knowledge of evil is inadequate knowledge.»
- Corollary «Hence it follows that if the human mind had none but adequate ideas, it would form no notion of evil.»
- Proposition 65 «According to the guidance of reason, of two things which are good, we shall follow the greater good, and of two evils, follow the less.»
- Proposition 68 «If men were born free, they would form no conception of good and evil so long as they were free.»
Psychology
Carl Jung
Carl Jung, in his book Answer to Job and elsewhere, depicted evil as the dark side of God.[12] People tend to believe evil is something external to them, because they project their shadow onto others. Jung interpreted the story of Jesus as an account of God facing his own shadow.[13]
Philip Zimbardo
In 2007, Philip Zimbardo suggested that people may act in evil ways as a result of a collective identity. This hypothesis, based on his previous experience from the Stanford prison experiment, was published in the book The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil.[14]
Milgram experiment
In 1961, Stanley Milgram began an experiment to help explain how thousands of ordinary, non-deviant, people could have reconciled themselves to a role in the Holocaust. Participants were led to believe they were assisting in an unrelated experiment in which they had to inflict electric shocks on another person. The experiment unexpectedly found that most could be led to inflict the electric shocks,[15] including shocks that would have been fatal if they had been real.[16] The participants tended to be uncomfortable and reluctant in the role. Nearly all stopped at some point to question the experiment, but most continued after being reassured.[15]
A 2014 re-assessment of Milgram’s work argued that the results should be interpreted with the «engaged followership» model: that people are not simply obeying the orders of a leader, but instead are willing to continue the experiment because of their desire to support the scientific goals of the leader and because of a lack of identification with the learner.[17][18] Thomas Blass argues that the experiment explains how people can be complicit in roles such as «the dispassionate bureaucrat who may have shipped Jews to Auschwitz with the same degree of routinization as potatoes to Bremerhaven». However, like James Waller, he argues that it cannot explain an event like the Holocaust. Unlike the perpetrators of the Holocaust, the participants in Milgram’s experiment were reassured that their actions would cause little harm and had little time to contemplate their actions.[16][19]
Religions
Abrahamic
Baháʼí Faith
The Baháʼí Faith asserts that evil is non-existent and that it is a concept reflecting lack of good, just as cold is the state of no heat, darkness is the state of no light, forgetfulness the lacking of memory, ignorance the lacking of knowledge. All of these are states of lacking and have no real existence.[20]
Thus, evil does not exist and is relative to man. `Abdu’l-Bahá, son of the founder of the religion, in Some Answered Questions states:
«Nevertheless a doubt occurs to the mind—that is, scorpions and serpents are poisonous. Are they good or evil, for they are existing beings? Yes, a scorpion is evil in relation to man; a serpent is evil in relation to man; but in relation to themselves they are not evil, for their poison is their weapon, and by their sting they defend themselves.»[20]
Thus, evil is more of an intellectual concept than a true reality. Since God is good, and upon creating creation he confirmed it by saying it is Good (Genesis 1:31) evil cannot have a true reality.[20]
Christianity
The devil, in opposition to the will of God, represents evil and tempts Christ, the personification of the character and will of God. Ary Scheffer, 1854.
Christian theology draws its concept of evil from the Old and New Testaments. The Christian Bible exercises «the dominant influence upon ideas about God and evil in the Western world.»[1] In the Old Testament, evil is understood to be an opposition to God as well as something unsuitable or inferior such as the leader of the fallen angels Satan[21] In the New Testament the Greek word poneros is used to indicate unsuitability, while kakos is used to refer to opposition to God in the human realm.[22] Officially, the Catholic Church extracts its understanding of evil from its canonical antiquity and the Dominican theologian, Thomas Aquinas, who in Summa Theologica defines evil as the absence or privation of good.[23] French-American theologian Henri Blocher describes evil, when viewed as a theological concept, as an «unjustifiable reality. In common parlance, evil is ‘something’ that occurs in the experience that ought not to be.»[24]
Islam
There is no concept of absolute evil in Islam, as a fundamental universal principle that is independent from and equal with good in a dualistic sense.[25] Although the Quran mentions the biblical forbidden tree, it never refers to it as the ‘tree of knowledge of good and evil’.[25] Within Islam, it is considered essential to believe that all comes from God, whether it is perceived as good or bad by individuals; and things that are perceived as evil or bad are either natural events (natural disasters or illnesses) or caused by humanity’s free will. Much more the behavior of beings with free will, then they disobey God’s orders, harming others or putting themselves over God or others, is considered to be evil.[26] Evil does not necessarily refer to evil as an ontological or moral category, but often to harm or as the intention and consequence of an action, but also to unlawful actions.[25]
Unproductive actions or those who do not produce benefits are also thought of as evil.[27]
A typical understanding of evil is reflected by Al-Ash`ari founder of Asharism. Accordingly, qualifying something as evil depends on the circumstances of the observer. An event or an action itself is neutral, but it receives its qualification by God. Since God is omnipotent and nothing can exist outside of God’s power, God’s will determine, whether or not something is evil.[28]
Rabbinic Judaism
In Judaism, evil is per se not part of God’s creation, but comes into existence through man’s bad actions.[citation needed]
Ancient Egyptian
Evil in the religion of ancient Egypt is known as Isfet, «disorder/violence». It is the opposite of Maat, «order», and embodied by the serpent god Apep, who routinely attempts to kill the sun god Ra and is stopped by nearly every other deity. Isfet is not a primordial force, but the consequence of free will and an individual’s struggle against the non-existence embodied by Apep, as evidenced by the fact that it was born from Ra’s umbilical cord instead of being recorded in the religion’s creation myths.[29]
Indian
Buddhism
The primal duality in Buddhism is between suffering and enlightenment, so the good vs. evil splitting has no direct analogue in it. One may infer from the general teachings of the Buddha that the catalogued causes of suffering are what correspond in this belief system to ‘evil’.[30][31]
Practically this can refer to 1) the three selfish emotions—desire, hate and delusion; and 2) to their expression in physical and verbal actions. Specifically, evil means whatever harms or obstructs the causes for happiness in this life, a better rebirth, liberation from samsara, and the true and complete enlightenment of a buddha (samyaksambodhi).
«What is evil? Killing is evil, lying is evil, slandering is evil, abuse is evil, gossip is evil: envy is evil, hatred is evil, to cling to false doctrine is evil; all these things are evil. And what is the root of evil? Desire is the root of evil, illusion is the root of evil.» Gautama Siddhartha, the founder of Buddhism, 563–483 BC.
Hinduism
In Hinduism, the concept of Dharma or righteousness clearly divides the world into good and evil, and clearly explains that wars have to be waged sometimes to establish and protect Dharma, this war is called Dharmayuddha. This division of good and evil is of major importance in both the Hindu epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata. The main emphasis in Hinduism is on bad action, rather than bad people. The Hindu holy text, the Bhagavad Gita, speaks of the balance of good and evil. When this balance goes off, divine incarnations come to help to restore this balance.[32]
Sikhism
In adherence to the core principle of spiritual evolution, the Sikh idea of evil changes depending on one’s position on the path to liberation. At the beginning stages of spiritual growth, good and evil may seem neatly separated. Once one’s spirit evolves to the point where it sees most clearly, the idea of evil vanishes and the truth is revealed. In his writings Guru Arjan explains that, because God is the source of all things, what we believe to be evil must too come from God. And because God is ultimately a source of absolute good, nothing truly evil can originate from God.[33]
Sikhism, like many other religions, does incorporate a list of «vices» from which suffering, corruption, and abject negativity arise. These are known as the Five Thieves, called such due to their propensity to cloud the mind and lead one astray from the prosecution of righteous action.[34] These are:[35]
- Moh, or Attachment
- Lobh, or Greed
- Karodh, or Wrath
- Kaam, or Lust
- Ahankar, or Egotism
One who gives in to the temptations of the Five Thieves is known as «Manmukh», or someone who lives selfishly and without virtue. Inversely, the «Gurmukh, who thrive in their reverence toward divine knowledge, rise above vice via the practice of the high virtues of Sikhism. These are:[36]
- Sewa, or selfless service to others.
- Nam Simran, or meditation upon the divine name.
Question of a universal definition
A fundamental question is whether there is a universal, transcendent definition of evil, or whether one’s definition of evil is determined by one’s social or cultural background. C. S. Lewis, in The Abolition of Man, maintained that there are certain acts that are universally considered evil, such as rape and murder. However, the rape of women, by men, is found in every society, and there are more societies that see at least some versions of it, such as marital rape or punitive rape, as normative than there are societies that see all rape as non-normative (a crime).[37] In nearly all societies, killing except for defense or duty is seen as murder. Yet the definition of defense and duty varies from one society to another.[38] Social deviance is not uniformly defined across different cultures, and is not, in all circumstances, necessarily an aspect of evil.[39][40]
Defining evil is complicated by its multiple, often ambiguous, common usages: evil is used to describe the whole range of suffering, including that caused by nature, and it is also used to describe the full range of human immorality from the «evil of genocide to the evil of malicious gossip».[41]: 321 It is sometimes thought of as the generic opposite of good. Marcus Singer asserts that these common connotations must be set aside as overgeneralized ideas that do not sufficiently describe the nature of evil.[42]: 185, 186
In contemporary philosophy, there are two basic concepts of evil: a broad concept and a narrow concept. A broad concept defines evil simply as any and all pain and suffering: «any bad state of affairs, wrongful action, or character flaw».[43] Yet, it is also asserted that evil cannot be correctly understood «(as some of the utilitarians once thought) [on] a simple hedonic scale on which pleasure appears as a plus, and pain as a minus».[44] This is because pain is necessary for survival.[45] Renowned orthopedist and missionary to lepers, Dr. Paul Brand explains that leprosy attacks the nerve cells that feel pain resulting in no more pain for the leper, which leads to ever increasing, often catastrophic, damage to the body of the leper.[46]: 9, 50–51 Congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP), also known as congenital analgesia, is a neurological disorder that prevents feeling pain. It «leads to … bone fractures, multiple scars, osteomyelitis, joint deformities, and limb amputation … Mental retardation is common. Death from hyperpyrexia occurs within the first 3 years of life in almost 20% of the patients.»[47] Few with the disorder are able to live into adulthood.[48] Evil cannot be simply defined as all pain and its connected suffering because, as Marcus Singer says: «If something is really evil, it can’t be necessary, and if it is really necessary, it can’t be evil».[42]: 186
The narrow concept of evil involves moral condemnation, therefore it is ascribed only to moral agents and their actions.[41]: 322 This eliminates natural disasters and animal suffering from consideration as evil: according to Claudia Card, «When not guided by moral agents, forces of nature are neither «goods» nor «evils». They just are. Their «agency» routinely produces consequences vital to some forms of life and lethal to others».[49] The narrow definition of evil «picks out only the most morally despicable sorts of actions, characters, events, etc. Evil [in this sense] … is the worst possible term of opprobrium imaginable”.[42] Eve Garrard suggests that evil describes «particularly horrifying kinds of action which we feel are to be contrasted with more ordinary kinds of wrongdoing, as when for example we might say ‘that action wasn’t just wrong, it was positively evil’. The implication is that there is a qualitative, and not merely quantitative, difference between evil acts and other wrongful ones; evil acts are not just very bad or wrongful acts, but rather ones possessing some specially horrific quality».[41]: 321 In this context, the concept of evil is one element in a full nexus of moral concepts.[41]: 324
Philosophical questions
Approaches
Views on the nature of evil belong to the branch of philosophy known as ethics—which in modern philosophy is subsumed into three major areas of study:[7]
- Meta-ethics, that seeks to understand the nature of ethical properties, statements, attitudes, and judgments.
- Normative ethics, investigates the set of questions that arise when considering how one ought to act, morally speaking.
- Applied ethics, concerned with the analysis of particular moral issues in private and public life.[7]
Usefulness as a term
There is debate on how useful the term «evil» is, since it is often associated with spirits and the devil. Some see the term as useless because they say it lacks any real ability to explain what it names. There is also real danger of the harm that being labeled «evil» can do when used in moral, political, and legal contexts.[43]: 1–2 Those who support the usefulness of the term say there is a secular view of evil that offers plausible analyses without reference to the supernatural.[41]: 325 Garrard and Russell argue that evil is as useful an explanation as any moral concept.[41]: 322–326 [50] Garrard adds that evil actions result from a particular kind of motivation, such as taking pleasure in the suffering of others, and this distinctive motivation provides a partial explanation even if it does not provide a complete explanation.[41]: 323–325 [50]: 268–269 Most theorists agree use of the term evil can be harmful but disagree over what response that requires. Some argue it is «more dangerous to ignore evil than to try to understand it».[43]
Those who support the usefulness of the term, such as Eve Garrard and David McNaughton, argue that the term evil «captures a distinct part of our moral phenomenology, specifically, ‘collect[ing] together those wrongful actions to which we have … a response of moral horror’.»[51] Claudia Card asserts it is only by understanding the nature of evil that we can preserve humanitarian values and prevent evil in the future.[52] If evils are the worst sorts of moral wrongs, social policy should focus limited energy and resources on reducing evil over other wrongs.[53] Card asserts that by categorizing certain actions and practices as evil, we are better able to recognize and guard against responding to evil with more evil which will «interrupt cycles of hostility generated by past evils».[53]: 166
One school of thought holds that no person is evil and that only acts may be properly considered evil. Some theorists define an evil action simply as a kind of action an evil person performs.[54]: 280 But just as many theorists believe that an evil character is one who is inclined toward evil acts.[55]: 2
Luke Russell argues that both evil actions and evil feelings are necessary to identify a person as evil, while Daniel Haybron argues that evil feelings and evil motivations are necessary.[43]: 4–4.1
American psychiatrist M. Scott Peck describes evil as a kind of personal «militant ignorance».[56] According to Peck, an evil person is consistently self-deceiving, deceives others, psychologically projects his or her evil onto very specific targets,[57] hates, abuses power, and lies incessantly.[56][58] Evil people are unable to think from the viewpoint of their victim. Peck considers those he calls evil to be attempting to escape and hide from their own conscience (through self-deception) and views this as being quite distinct from the apparent absence of conscience evident in sociopaths. He also considers that certain institutions may be evil, using the My Lai Massacre to illustrate. By this definition, acts of criminal and state terrorism would also be considered evil.
Necessity
Martin Luther believed that occasional minor evil could have a positive effect
Martin Luther argued that there are cases where a little evil is a positive good. He wrote, «Seek out the society of your boon companions, drink, play, talk bawdy, and amuse yourself. One must sometimes commit a sin out of hate and contempt for the Devil, so as not to give him the chance to make one scrupulous over mere nothings … «[59]
According to the «realist» schools of political philosophy, leaders should be indifferent to good or evil, taking actions based only upon advantage; this approach to politics was put forth most famously by Niccolò Machiavelli, a 16th-century Florentine writer who advised tyrants that «it is far safer to be feared than loved.»[60]
The international relations theories of realism and neorealism, sometimes called realpolitik advise politicians to explicitly ban absolute moral and ethical considerations from international politics, and to focus on self-interest, political survival, and power politics, which they hold to be more accurate in explaining a world they view as explicitly amoral and dangerous. Political realists usually justify their perspectives by stating that morals and politics should be separated as two unrelated things, as exerting authority often involves doing something not moral. Machiavelli wrote: «there will be traits considered good that, if followed, will lead to ruin, while other traits, considered vices which if practiced achieve security and well being for the prince.»[60]
Anton LaVey, founder of the Church of Satan, was a materialist and claimed that evil is actually good. He was responding to the common practice of describing sexuality or disbelief as evil, and his claim was that when the word evil is used to describe the natural pleasures and instincts of men and women or the skepticism of an inquiring mind, the things called and feared as evil are really non-evil and in fact good.[61]
See also
- Akrasia
- Antagonist
- Archenemy
- Dystopia
- Banality of evil
- Evil Emperor (disambiguation)
- Evil empire (disambiguation)
- Graded absolutism
- Moral evil
- Natural evil
- Ponerology
- Sin
- Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
- Theodicy
- Theodicy and the Bible
- Value theory
- Villain
- Wickedness
References
Notes
- ^ a b Griffin, David Ray (2004) [1976]. God, Power, and Evil: a Process Theodicy. Westminster. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-664-22906-1.
- ^ a b «Evil». Oxford University Press. 2012. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012.
- ^ Ervin Staub. Overcoming evil: genocide, violent conflict, and terrorism. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 32.
- ^ Matthews, Caitlin; Matthews, John (2004). Walkers Between the Worlds: The Western Mysteries from Shaman to Magus. New York City: Simon & Schuster. p. 173. ASIN B00770DJ3G. Archived from the original on 2021-09-17. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
- ^ de Hulster, Izaak J. (2009). Iconographic Exegesis and Third Isaiah. Heidelberg, Germany: Mohr Siebeck Verlag. pp. 136–37. ISBN 978-3-16-150029-9.
- ^ a b Ingram, Paul O.; Streng, Frederick John (1986). Buddhist-Christian Dialogue: Mutual Renewal and Transformation. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 148–49. ISBN 978-1-55635-381-9.
- ^ a b c Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy ««Ethics»«.
- ^ Harper, Douglas (2001). «Etymology for evil».
- ^ C.W. Chan (1996). «Good and Evil in Chinese Philosophy». The Philosopher. LXXXIV. Archived from the original on 2006-05-29.
- ^ Feng, Yu-lan (1983). «Origin of Evil». History of Chinese Philosophy, Volume II: The Period of Classical Learning (from the Second Century B.C. to the Twentieth Century A.D. Translated by Bodde, Derk. New Haven, CN: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-02022-8.
- ^ a b de Spinoza, Benedict (2017) [1677]. «Of Human Bondage or of the Strength of the Affects». Ethics. Translated by White, W.H. New York: Penguin Classics. p. 424. ASIN B00DO8NRDC.
- ^ «Answer to Job Revisited : Jung on the Problem of Evil».
- ^ Stephen Palmquist, Dreams of Wholeness: A course of introductory lectures on religion, psychology and personal growth (Hong Kong: Philopsychy Press, 1997/2008), see especially Chapter XI.
- ^ «Book website».
- ^ a b Milgram, Stanley (1963). «Behavioral Study of Obedience». Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 67 (4): 371–8. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.599.92. doi:10.1037/h0040525. PMID 14049516. as PDF. Archived April 4, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Blass, Thomas (1991). «Understanding behavior in the Milgram obedience experiment: The role of personality, situations, and their interactions» (PDF). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 60 (3): 398–413. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.3.398. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 7, 2016.
- ^ Haslam, S. Alexander; Reicher, Stephen D.; Birney, Megan E. (September 1, 2014). «Nothing by Mere Authority: Evidence that in an Experimental Analogue of the Milgram Paradigm Participants are Motivated not by Orders but by Appeals to Science». Journal of Social Issues. 70 (3): 473–488. doi:10.1111/josi.12072. hdl:10034/604991. ISSN 1540-4560.
- ^ Haslam, S. Alexander; Reicher, Stephen D. (13 October 2017). «50 Years of «Obedience to Authority»: From Blind Conformity to Engaged Followership». Annual Review of Law and Social Science. 13 (1): 59–78. doi:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-110316-113710.
- ^ James Waller (February 22, 2007). What Can the Milgram Studies Teach Us… (Google Books). Becoming Evil: How Ordinary People Commit Genocide and Mass Killing. Oxford University Press. pp. 111–113. ISBN 978-0199774852. Retrieved June 9, 2013.
- ^ a b c Coll, ‘Abdu’l-Bahá (1982). Some answered questions. Translated by Barney, Laura Clifford (Repr. ed.). Wilmette, IL: Baháʼí Publ. Trust. ISBN 978-0-87743-162-6.
- ^ Hans Schwarz, Evil: A Historical and Theological Perspective (Lima, Ohio: Academic Renewal Press, 2001): 42–43.
- ^ Schwarz, Evil, 75.
- ^ Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica, translated by the Fathers of the English Dominican Province (New York: Benziger Brothers, 1947) Volume 3, q. 72, a. 1, p. 902.
- ^ Henri Blocher, Evil and the Cross (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1994): 10.
- ^ a b c Jane Dammen McAuliffe Encyclopaedia of the Qurʼān Brill 2001 ISBN 978-90-04-14764-5 p. 335
- ^ B. Silverstein Islam and Modernity in Turkey Springer 2011 ISBN 978-0-230-11703-7 p. 124
- ^ Jane Dammen McAuliffe Encyclopaedia of the Qurʼān Brill 2001 ISBN 978-90-04-14764-5 p. 338
- ^ P. Koslowski (2013). The Origin and the Overcoming of Evil and Suffering in the World Religions Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 978-94-015-9789-0 p. 37
- ^ Kemboly, Mpay (2010). The Question of Evil in Ancient Egypt. London: Golden House Publications.[ISBN missing]
- ^ Philosophy of Religion Charles Taliaferro, Paul J. Griffiths, eds. Ch. 35, Buddhism and Evil Martin Southwold p. 424
- ‘^ Lay Outreach and the Meaning of ‘Evil Person Taitetsu Unno Archived 2012-10-18 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Perumpallikunnel, K. (2013). «Discernment: The message of the bhagavad-gita». Acta Theologica. 33: 271. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1032.370.
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- ^ Singh, Charan (2013-12-11). «Ethics and Business: Evidence from Sikh Religion». Social Science Research Network. Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore. SSRN 2366249.
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- ^ Singh, Arjan (January 2000). «The universal ideal of sikhism». Global Dialogue. 2 (1).
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- ^ McKeown, Mick; Stowell-Smith, Mark (2006). «The Comforts of Evil». The Comforts of Evil Dangerous Personalities in High-Security Hospitals and the Horror Film. Forensic Psychiatry. pp. 109–134. doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-006-5_6. ISBN 9781597450065.
- ^ Milgram, Stanley (2017). Obedience to Authority. Harper Perennial. pp. Foreword. ISBN 9780062803405.
- ^ a b c d e f g Garrard, Eve (April 2002). «Evil as an Explanatory Concept» (Pdf). The Monist. Oxford University Press. 85 (2): 320–336. doi:10.5840/monist200285219. JSTOR 27903775.
- ^ a b c Marcus G. Singer, Marcus G. Singer (April 2004). «The Concept of Evil». Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. 79 (308): 185–214. doi:10.1017/S0031819104000233. JSTOR 3751971. S2CID 146121829.
- ^ a b c d Calder, Todd (26 November 2013). «The Concept of Evil». Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
- ^ Kemp, John (25 February 2009). «Pain and Evil». Philosophy. 29 (108): 13. doi:10.1017/S0031819100022105. S2CID 144540963. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
- ^ «Reviews». The Humane Review. E. Bell. 2 (5–8): 374. 1901.
- ^ Yancey, Philip; Brand, Paul (2010). Fearfully and Wonderfully Made. Zondervan. ISBN 9780310861997.
- ^ Rosemberg, Sérgio; Kliemann, Suzana; Nagahashi, Suely K. (1994). «Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV)». Pediatric Neurology. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 11 (1): 50–56. doi:10.1016/0887-8994(94)90091-4. PMID 7527213. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
- ^ Cox, David (27 April 2017). «The curse of the people who never feel pain». BBC. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
- ^ Card, Claudia (2005). The Atrocity Paradigm A Theory of Evil. Oxford University Press. p. 5. ISBN 9780195181265.
- ^ a b Russell, Luke (July 2009). «He Did It Because He Was Evil». American Philosophical Quarterly. University of Illinois Press. 46 (3): 268–269. JSTOR 40606922.
- ^ Garrard, Eve; McNaughton, David (2 September 2012). «Speak No Evil?». Midwest Studies in Philosophy. 36 (1): 13–17. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4975.2012.00230.x.
- ^ Card, Claudia (2010). Confronting Evils: Terrorism, Torture, Genocide. Cambridge University Press. p. i. ISBN 9781139491709.
- ^ a b Card, Claudia (2005). The Atrocity Paradigm A Theory of Evil. Oxford University Press. p. 109. ISBN 9780195181265.
- ^ Haybron, Daniel M. (2002). «Moral Monsters and Saints». The Monist. Oxford University Press. 85 (2): 260–284. doi:10.5840/monist20028529. JSTOR 27903772.
- ^ Kekes, John (2005). The Roots of Evil. Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801443688.
- ^ a b Peck, M. Scott. (1983, 1988). People of the Lie: The hope for healing human evil. Century Hutchinson.
- ^ Peck, 1983/1988, p. 105
- ^ Peck, M. Scott. (1978, 1992), The Road Less Travelled. Arrow.
- ^ Martin Luther, Werke, XX, p. 58
- ^ a b Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince, Dante University of America Press, 2003, ISBN 978-0-937832-38-7
- ^ Anton LaVey, The Satanic Bible, Avon, 1969, ISBN 0-380-01539-0
Further reading
- Baumeister, Roy F. (1999). Evil: Inside Human Violence and Cruelty. New York: W.H. Freeman / Owl Book[ISBN missing]
- Bennett, Gaymon, Hewlett, Martinez J, Peters, Ted, Russell, Robert John (2008). The Evolution of Evil. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 978-3-525-56979-5
- Katz, Fred Emil (1993). Ordinary People and Extraordinary Evil, SUNY Press, ISBN 0-7914-1442-6;
- Katz, Fred Emil (2004). Confronting Evil, SUNY Press, ISBN 0-7914-6030-4.
- Neiman, Susan (2002). Evil in Modern Thought – An Alternative History of Philosophy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.[ISBN missing]
- Oppenheimer, Paul (1996). Evil and the Demonic: A New Theory of Monstrous Behavior. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-6193-9.
- Shermer, M. (2004). The Science of Good & Evil. New York: Time Books. ISBN 0-8050-7520-8
- Steven Mintz; John Stauffer, eds. (2007). The Problem of Evil: Slavery, Freedom, and the Ambiguities of American Reform. University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 978-1-55849-570-8.
- Stapley, A.B. & Elder Delbert L. (1975). Using Our Free Agency. Ensign May: 21[ISBN missing]
- Stark, Ryan (2009). Rhetoric, Science, and Magic in Seventeenth-Century England. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press. 115–45.
- Vetlesen, Arne Johan (2005). Evil and Human Agency – Understanding Collective Evildoing New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85694-2
- Wilson, William McF., Julian N. Hartt (2004). Farrer’s Theodicy. In David Hein and Edward Hugh Henderson (eds), Captured by the Crucified: The Practical Theology of Austin Farrer. New York and London: T & T Clark / Continuum. ISBN 0-567-02510-1
External links
Look up evil in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Evil.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Evil.
- Evil on In Our Time at the BBC
- Good and Evil in (Ultra Orthodox) Judaism
- ABC News: Looking for Evil in Everyday Life
- Psychology Today: Indexing Evil
- Booknotes interview with Lance Morrow on Evil: An Investigation, October 19, 2003.
- «Good and Evil», BBC Radio 4 discussion with Leszek Kolakowski and Galen Strawson (In Our Time, Apr. 1, 1999).
- «Evil», BBC Radio 4 discussion with Jones Erwin, Stefan Mullhall and Margaret Atkins (In Our Time, May 3, 2001)
- bad
- corrupt
- destructive
- hateful
- heinous
- hideous
- malevolent
- malicious
- nefarious
- ugly
- unpleasant
- vicious
- vile
- villainous
- wicked
- base
- foul
- low
- offensive
- poison
- reprobate
- wrong
- angry
- atrocious
- baneful
- beastly
- calamitous
- damnable
- depraved
- disastrous
- execrable
- flagitious
- harmful
- iniquitous
- injurious
- loathsome
- maleficent
- malignant
- no good
- obscene
- pernicious
- rancorous
- repugnant
- repulsive
- revolting
- spiteful
- stinking
- unpropitious
- wrathful
- calamity
- catastrophe
- corruption
- crime
- harm
- hatred
- ill
- misery
- pain
- sin
- suffering
- wrong
- affliction
- baseness
- blow
- criminality
- curse
- debauchery
- depravity
- devilry
- diabolism
- heinousness
- hurt
- impiety
- indecency
- infamy
- iniquity
- injury
- knavery
- lewdness
- licentiousness
- looseness
- malevolence
- malignity
- meanness
- mischief
- misfortune
- obscenity
- outrage
- perversity
- ruin
- sinfulness
- sorrow
- turpitude
- vice
- viciousness
- vileness
- villainy
- wickedness
- woe
- wrongdoing
- diablerie
On this page you’ll find 331 synonyms, antonyms, and words related to evil, such as: bad, corrupt, destructive, hateful, heinous, and hideous.
antonyms for evil
- agreeable
- aiding
- assisting
- attractive
- beautiful
- benevolent
- decent
- delightful
- friendly
- gentle
- good
- helpful
- honest
- honorable
- kind
- lovely
- nice
- pleasant
- pleasing
- right
- upright
- virtuous
- wonderful
- worthy
- moral
- auspicious
- sinless
- advantage
- benefit
- blessing
- boon
- cheer
- comfort
- fortune
- good fortune
- good luck
- goodness
- happiness
- health
- joy
- kindness
- pleasure
- profit
- aid
- benevolence
- cleanness
- decency
- good
- help
- innocence
- modesty
- morality
- nobility
- propriety
- purity
- relief
- uprightness
- virtue
Roget’s 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition Copyright © 2013 by the Philip Lief Group.
TRY USING evil
See how your sentence looks with different synonyms.
WHEN TO USE
What are other ways to say evil?
Evil applies to that which violates or leads to the violation of moral law: evil practices. Ill now appears mainly in certain fixed expressions, with a milder implication than that in evil: ill will; ill-natured. Wicked implies willful and determined doing of what is very wrong: a wicked plan. Bad is the broadest and simplest term: a bad man; bad habits.
How to use evil in a sentence
Quasimodo has been brought up by an evil politician who’s confined him his entire life within the borders of the Notre Dame Cathedral.
TOWARD A QUEER DISNEY CANONEMILY VANDERWERFFSEPTEMBER 4, 2020VOX
The Majesty on high has a colony and a people on earth, which otherwise is under the supremacy of the Evil One.
SOLOMON AND SOLOMONIC LITERATUREMONCURE DANIEL CONWAY
All felt strangely as if something evil had crept into their lives, and their excitement was great.
THE HOMESTEADEROSCAR MICHEAUX
SYNONYM OF THE DAY
OCTOBER 26, 1985
WORDS RELATED TO EVIL
- can of worms
- confusion
- evil
- hornet’s nest
- ill
- snake in the grass
- anathema
- aversion
- bother
- curse
- detestation
- evil
- horror
- nuisance
- plague
- shame
- torment
- abominations
- barbarities
- brutality
- crimes
- enormities
- evils
- horrors
- infamy
- inhumanities
- iniquities
- monstrosities
- offenses
- outrages
- ruthlessness
- savageries
- viciousness
- wrongs
- abomination
- barbarity
- brutality
- crime
- enormity
- evil
- horror
- infamy
- inhumanity
- iniquity
- monstrosity
- offense
- outrage
- ruthlessness
- savagery
- viciousness
- wrong
- base
- corrupt
- criminal
- delinquent
- evil
- iniquitous
- mean
- reprobate
- sinful
- vicious
- vile
- villainous
- wicked
- wrong
- adversity
- bad break
- bummer
- calamity
- cataclysm
- catastrophe
- disaster
- downer
- drag
- evil
- hard knocks
- hard times
- hardship
- jam
- misery
- misfortune
- mishap
- storm cloud
- tragedy
- tribulation
- trouble
- unpleasantness
Roget’s 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition Copyright © 2013 by the Philip Lief Group.
зло, бедствие, грех, вред, несчастье, порок, злой, дурной, зловещий, порочный, вредный
существительное ↓
- зло
good and evil — добро и зло 
lesser /less/ evil — меньшее зло
to believe evil of others — дурно думать о других
to speak evil — злословить
evil comes from evil — зло порождает зло
to return good for evil — отплатить добром за зло
keep thy tongue from evil — библ. удерживай язык твой от зла
- порок
an evil of long standing — закоренелый порок
the social evil — эвф. общественное зло (проституция)
to lead a life of evil — вести порочную жизнь
to correct the evils of the system — устранить пороки системы
- бедствие, несчастье
to wish smb. evil — желать кому-л. беды
- неудача
- грех
to shun evil — отойти от греха
- горе
evil be to him that … — горе тому, кто …
- уст. болезнь
king’s evil — золотуха
the falling evil — падучая (болезнь)
but deliver us from evil — библ. но избави нас от лукавого
прилагательное ↓
- злой, зловредный, злонамеренный
the Evil One — рел. нечистый, сатана
evil spirits — злые духи
evil tongue — злой язык
- испорченный, порочный
evil conscience — нечистая совесть
evil fruit — библ. плоды худые
- развратный, порочный, грешный; преступный
evil deeds — преступления
evil life — распутная жизнь; путь разврата
evil men — библ. грешники
a man of evil reputation — человек, пользующийся дурной славой
the evil institution of slavery — позорный институт рабовладения
- вредный, пагубный (о примере, совете и т. п.)
- зловещий; дурной, неблагоприятный
evil hour — недобрый час
evil sign — зловещий признак, неблагоприятное предзнаменование
- разг. очень плохой, отвратительный
Мои примеры
Словосочетания
Примеры с переводом
Of two evils choose the less.
Из двух зол выбирай меньшее. (посл.)
There is too much evil in the world.
В мире — слишком много зла .
We must return good for evil.
Надо платить добром за зло.
The battle of good versus evil
Битва добра со злом
It was an evil omen.
Это был дурной знак.
She wanted to protect her children from the evils of the outside world.
Она хотела защитить своих детей от зла внешнего мира.
She drank an evil potion.
Она выпила какое-то ядовитое /злое/ зелье.
ещё 23 примера свернуть
Примеры, ожидающие перевода
…asked the sorceress to cast an evil spell over the village… 
…people who used to believe that misfortune was caused by evil hexes and mischievous sprites…
Для того чтобы добавить вариант перевода, кликните по иконке ☰, напротив примера.
Формы слова
noun
ед. ч.(singular): evil
мн. ч.(plural): evils
evil — перевод на русский
/ˈiːvl/
Good or evil… etc…
Добро или зло…
And the so-called evil, once liberated… would fulfill itself and trouble us no more.
И так называемое зло, однажды освобожденное… само себя исчерпает и больше не будет беспокоить нас никогда.
That good and evil are constantly fighting one another?
Добро и зло находятся в нем в постоянной борьбе.
Good and evil are so close as to be chained together in the soul.
Добро и зло безлики. Они скованы в душе неразрывной цепью.
But aren’t you a bit presumptuous in assuming that there’s evil in all men?
Зло, наконец, отброшено. Не слишком ли смело утверждение о том, что зло есть в любом человеке?
Показать ещё примеры для «зло»…
I know I’m a pretty evil fellow killed people in the war and got drunk and chewed up municipal property and the like.
Знаю, я довольно злобный парень убивал людей на войне и пьянствовал испортил муниципальную собственность и всё такое.
Don’t you snarl at me, you evil son of a bitch.
Не рычи на меня, злобный сукин сын.
The evil eye doesn’t work on me.
Злобный взгляд не действует на меня.
I can’t do it, and I know why, I’m a sick evil fuck,
И я знаю почему! Потому что я злобный больной хуй!
For a vegetarian, Rents, you’re a fucking evil shot. No!
Для вегетарианца, Рент, ты чертовски злобный стрелок.
Показать ещё примеры для «злобный»…
It’d a hunt in which a man pitd hid braind againdt the forced of ignorance and evil.
Конечно, ничего плохого в этом нет, они зарабатывают кучу денег.
I haven’t done anything evil, only served you!
Я ничего плохого не сделала, только служила тебе.
I meant no evil.
Я не хотел ничего плохого.
I-I meant no evil.
Я не хотел ничего плохого
I meant no evil.
Я не хотел ничего плохого
Показать ещё примеры для «плохого»…
You are evil.
Ты — злодей.
No, Judah, I am not evil.
Я не злодей, Иуда.
And because I’m so evil, you will all die the slow way-— under the drill.
И поскольку я такой злодей, Вы все умрете медленной смертью — под дрелью.
I was walking down the street Just having a think When a snake of a guy Gave me an evil wink
Я по улице одна шла задумчивая вся, когда тот подлый змей вдруг мне подмигнул, злодей.
You are an evil thing
Ты — злодей.
Показать ещё примеры для «злодей»…
But I’m not evil.
Но я не дьявол.
When you think you are lost, a hand will grasp you An arm will embrace you and you will be borne away to where evil can no longer harm you
И только подумаешь, что о тебе забыли, рука дотянется и схватит тебя, обхватит и унесет прочь туда, где дьявол более уже не сможет навредить тебе.
There’s evil in your eyes.
И дьявол сидит в твоих глазах.
The evil doesn’t lie in an individual but in all of them.
Дьявол сидит не в одном человеке, дьявол сидит во всех них.
I… chose… evil.
Я…. … выбрал… … дьявол.
Показать ещё примеры для «дьявол»…
The Evil One.
— Нечистый!
Look, I keep on telling you, I’m not the Evil One.
Я снова тебе говорю: я не Нечистый.
-By the Evil One and his followers, the Tesh.
Нечистый и его последователи, Теш.
I am not the Evil One. I’m a traveller, that’s all.
Я не Нечистый, я всего лишь путешественник.
Показать ещё примеры для «нечистый»…
Evil eye…
Уж у кого дурной глаз…
However, Henri had the reputation of being unspeakable himself because of the evil eye.
Между прочим, у самого Анри была недобрая слава человека, имевшего дурной глаз.
— An evil eye.
— Дурной глаз?
You have an evil mouth.
У тебя дурной язык.
He says I have the evil eye, says melancholy runs in our blood.
Он сказал, что у меня дурной глаз и депрессия в нашей крови.
Показать ещё примеры для «дурной»…
But lead us not into temptation And deliver us from evil
» не введи нас в искушение, но избавь нас от лукавого
«Lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil
«И не введи нас в искушение, но избавь нас от лукавого
Lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil.
«И не введи нас в искушение, но избавь нас от лукавого.»
And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil
И не введи нас в искушение, но избави нас от лукавого.
Lead us not into temptation… but deliver us from evil.
#И не введи нас в искушение… #но избавь нас от лукавого.
Показать ещё примеры для «лукавого»…
He’s certainly got an evil face.
— У него действительно дьявольский вид.
And now, so near their hallowed graves, the house of evil.
А теперь, рядом с их священными могилами, находится этот дьявольский дом.
Evil Cult.
Дьявольский культ.
Evil eye.
Дьявольский глаз.
When an evil wind will blow through your little play world and wipe that smug smile off your face.
Когда дьявольский ветер пронесётся по твоему маленькому игрушечному мирку и сотрёт эту самодовольную улыбку с твоего лица.
Показать ещё примеры для «дьявольский»…
— exorcising all the evil spirits?
-изгоняющего всех злых духов?
Yes, let’s drive out the evil demons.
Да, давайте прогоним злых духов.
When I got a new coat, for example, she used to put in my pocket a clove of garlic to keep the evil spirits away.
Например, когда я получил новое пальто, Она обычно клала мне в карман. Зубчик чеснока, чтобы удержать злых духов.
Satan and all the evil spirits who prowl upon the Earth!
Сатану… и всех злых духов, которые бродят по Земле!
-To drive off all the evil spirits.
— Чтоб отогнать всех злых духов.
Показать ещё примеры для «злых духов»…
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Adjective
She drank an evil potion.
The city has fallen on evil days.
It was an evil omen.
Noun
the battle of good versus evil
our free will allows us to choose between good and evil
Recent Examples on the Web
It’s also believed that the fire will drive away evil spirits.
—
Kate Franke, Woman’s Day, 6 Apr. 2023
Residents line their irrigation ditches with shells, hang blue bottles from trees to ward off evil spirits and weave intricate baskets with seagrass found along the coast.
—Sara Novak, Scientific American, 6 Apr. 2023
The pregnancy gives Pauline supernatural powers and an epic battle between good and evil ensues.
—Naman Ramachandran, Variety, 5 Apr. 2023
As Jews read from the Haggadah about how evil in every generation has tried to destroy them, antisemitism is rising to record levels today.
—Joe Biden, CNN, 5 Apr. 2023
Instead of the usual Mario-saves-the-princess tale, Mario seeks Princess Peach’s help to rescue his brother from Bowser’s evil clutches.
—Kyle Orland, Ars Technica, 5 Apr. 2023
To believe that this was the product of the permits for which they were forced to apply is as silly as to believe that there exists a cohort of would-be violent criminals whose evil intentions have been thwarted by the presence of laminated cards.
—The Editors, National Review, 5 Apr. 2023
Skynet nukes Earth and then unleashes armies of evil robots in the Terminator movies.
—Annalee Newitz, Popular Mechanics, 4 Apr. 2023
Walking the path of the righteous, shunning the Devil, not murdering any of your siblings — none of it really pays off for Thomasin, not when being evil and flying is right there for the taking.
—Vulture, 31 Mar. 2023
Melchor is doing something more like the opposite: playing with form to expose the lies, hypocrisies, hatreds and oversights that soften or avoid the reality of human evil.
—Mark Athitakis, Los Angeles Times, 4 Apr. 2023
These miracles, as the girls begin to call them, put her at odds with the head mother, Sister Veronica (Emily Kuroda), who views the power as an expression of evil and the girls’ use of it as sacrilege.
—Elaina Patton, NBC News, 3 Apr. 2023
Meanwhile, Galungan, which is a 10-day holiday celebrating the triumph of good over evil (dharma over adharma), happens in November.
—Maya Kachroo-levine, Travel + Leisure, 29 Mar. 2023
Among the evils cited by Jenkins and Swarbrick is the way college athletes are getting paid through name, image and likeness (NIL) deals.
—Terence Moore, Forbes, 27 Mar. 2023
Through the prism of the trial of this former child soldier, the film raises universal questions about the lines between victim and perpetrator, the source of evil, retribution versus rehabilitation, and a fair justice system.
—Lise Pedersen, Variety, 10 Mar. 2023
In the days leading up to Nyepi, several rituals take place, meant to banish evil and bestow good fortune in the year ahead.
—Alan Taylor, The Atlantic, 22 Mar. 2023
All about pondering evil whilst lingering on a throne in an oozing dungeon.
—Leah Greenblatt, EW.com, 16 Mar. 2023
His crimes stand out as particularly heinous and evil, even by today’s standards, in a metropolis that’s no stranger to the darkest of crimes (the Black Dahlia, the Manson Family, the Hillside Strangler).
—Lorraine Ali, Los Angeles Times, 16 Mar. 2023
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These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word ‘evil.’ Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.
These examples may contain rude words based on your search.
These examples may contain colloquial words based on your search.
Suggestions
But usually the attempt to defeat evil engenders more evil.
Но обычно попытка победить зло рождает ещё большее зло.
No man chooses evil because it is evil.
Ни один человек не выбирает зло, потому что это зло.
But something cannot be originally evil.
Ничто, однако, не может быть по своей сущности злом.
This is adding evil to evil.
Это — зло, которое добавляется ко злу.
Fighting evil with evil has serious consequences.
Бороться злом против зла влечет за собой серьезные последствия.
We often stoop to fight evil with evil.
Теперь мы слишком часто призываем зло, чтобы со злом бороться.
Christians should never pay back evil for evil.
Но с другой стороны, христиане никогда не отвечают злом на зло.
He uses evil to chastise evil (1977, p.
Он использует зло для наказания зла» (1977 г., стр. 142).
Sometimes you do evil to prevent greater evil.
Бывает так, что приходится допустить зло, чтобы не было значительно большего зла.
They are evil, just plain evil.
Они — зло, но они — всего лишь отражение нашего зла.
But if you fight evil with evil, evil wins either way.
Но если бороться злом против зла, всё равно победит зло.
Figting evil with evil only begets more evil.
Отвечать злом на зло, только умножает зло.
Traditionally, evil has been divided into two main categories: natural evil and moral evil.
Зло в широком смысле было разделено на две категории: естественного зла и морального зла.
A sensible man knows that suffering is not evil but only the manifestation of evil and healing from evil.
Разумный же знает, что страдание не зло, но лишь проявление зла и лечение зла.
It’s not returning evil for evil, because that just multiples the evil.
Нельзя платить злом за зло, так как это лишь множит зло.
Evil can come in two forms: moral evil and natural evil.
Зло в широком смысле было разделено на две категории: естественного зла и морального зла.
He knows that there is evil that will always be evil.
Он знает, что есть зло, которое всегда будет злом.
The evil of the envier is the third source of evil mentioned.
Зло, исходящее от завистника, является третьим источником зла.
Truly, physical evil is only the result of moral evil sinful deprivation.
Действительно, физическое зло является только следствием нравственного зла — греховной испорченности.
But responding to evil with evil, you only increase the negative energy around you.
Но отвечая злом на зло, вы лишь увеличиваете вокруг себя негативную энергию.
Suggestions that contain evil
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English[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- enPR: ē-vəl, ē-vĭl, IPA(key): /ˈiːvɪl/, /ˈiːvəl/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈivəl/
- Hyphenation: evil
- Rhymes: -iːvəl
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle English yvel, evel, ivel, uvel, from Old English yfel, from Proto-West Germanic *ubil, from Proto-Germanic *ubilaz[1] (compare Saterland Frisian eeuwel, Dutch euvel, Low German övel, German übel, Gothic 𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍃 (ubils, “bad, evil”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂up(h₁)élos, a deverbal derivative of *h₂wep(h₁)-, *h₂wop(h₁)- (“treat badly”). Compare Old Irish fel (“bad, evil”), from Proto-Celtic *uɸelos,[2] and Hittite 𒄷𒉿𒀊𒍣 (huwapp-i, “to mistreat, harass”), 𒄷𒉿𒀊𒉺𒀸 (huwappa-, “evil, badness”).[3] See -le for the supposed suffix.
Alternatively from *upélos (“evil”, literally “going over or beyond (acceptable limits)”), from Proto-Indo-European *upo, *h₃ewp- (“down, up, over”).[4]
Adjective[edit]
evil (comparative eviller or eviler or more evil, superlative evillest or evilest or most evil)
- Intending to harm; malevolent.
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an evil plot to brainwash and even kill innocent people
- 1916, Zane Grey, The Border Legion, New York: Harper & Bros., Chapter 10, p. 147,[2]
- He looked at her shapely person with something of the brazen and evil glance that had been so revolting to her in the eyes of those ruffians.
- 2006, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, Wizard of the Crow, New York: Pantheon, Book Three, Section II, Chapter 3, p. 351,[3]
- “Before this, I never had any cause to suspect my wife of any conspiracy.”
- “You mean it never crossed your mind that she might have been told to whisper evil thoughts in your ear at night?”
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1989, Pilgrimage[4], volume 15, Human Sciences Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 7:
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He tells secret dreams to strangers , imagines he can achieve art without discipline , regards all boundaries as evil , ignores ancestors , wants comfort and merging , believes cunning is wrong , and as a scholar or artist doesn’t […]
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- Morally corrupt.
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If something is evil, it is never mandatory.
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Do you think that companies that engage in animal testing are evil?
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1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:
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Ah, what a sign it is of evil life,
When death’s approach is seen so terrible.
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- 1848, Anne Brontë, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, Chapter 41,[5]
- I had much trouble at first in breaking him of those evil habits his father had taught him to acquire […]
- 1967, Chaim Potok, The Chosen, New York: Fawcett Columbine, 2003, Chapter 1, p. 14,[6]
- To the rabbis who taught in the Jewish parochial schools, baseball was an evil waste of time […]
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- Unpleasant, foul (of odour, taste, mood, weather, etc.).
- 1660, John Harding (translator), Paracelsus his Archidoxis, London: W.S., Book 7, “Of an Odoriferous Specifick,” p. 100,[7]
- An Odoriferous Specifick […] is a Matter that takes away Diseases from the Sick, no otherwise then as Civet drives away the stinck of Ordure by its Odour; for you are to observe, That the Specifick doth permix it self with this evil Odour of the Dung; and the stink of the Dung cannot hurt, no[r] abide there […]
- 1937, Robert Byron, The Road to Oxiana, London: Macmillan, Part V, “Mazar-i-Sherif,” p. 282,[8]
- It was an evil day, sticky and leaden: Oxiana looked as colourless and suburban as India.
- 1958, Graham Greene, Our Man in Havana, Penguin, 1979, Part Four, Chapter 1, p. 125,[9]
- He herded them into a small and evil toilet and then through a window.
- 1993, Carol Shields, The Stone Diaries, Toronto: Random House of Canada, Chapter One, p. 39,[10]
- Everyone in the tiny, crowded, hot, and evil-smelling kitchen […] has been invited to participate in a moment of history.
- 1660, John Harding (translator), Paracelsus his Archidoxis, London: W.S., Book 7, “Of an Odoriferous Specifick,” p. 100,[7]
- Producing or threatening sorrow, distress, injury, or calamity; unpropitious; calamitous.
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c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene vi]:
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The owl shrieked at thy birth,—an evil sign;
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1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […]”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J. M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, lines 438-439, page 89:
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A little stay will bring some notice hither,
For evil news rides post, while good news baits.
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- 1931, Pearl S. Buck, The Good Earth, New York: Modern Library, 1944, Chapter 15, p. 122,[11]
- “ […] with bandits and robbers roving over the land in these evil times of famine and war, how can it be said that this one or that stole anything? Hunger makes thief of any man.”
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- (obsolete) Having harmful qualities; not good; worthless or deleterious.
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an evil beast; an evil plant; an evil crop
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- (computing, programming, slang) Undesirable; harmful; bad practice.
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Global variables are evil; storing processing context in object member variables allows those objects to be reused in a much more flexible way.
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Synonyms[edit]
- The terms below need to be checked and allocated to the definitions (senses) of the headword above. Each term should appear in the sense for which it is appropriate. For synonyms and antonyms you may use the templates
{{syn|en|...}}or{{ant|en|...}}.
- nefarious
- malicious
- malevolent
- wicked
- See also Thesaurus:evil
Antonyms[edit]
- good
Derived terms[edit]
- evil day
- evil eye
- evil genius
- evil hour
- evil laugh
- evil laughter
- evil maid attack
- Evil One
- evil turn
- evil twin
- evil willer
- evil-doer
- evil-eye
- evil-minded
- evilize
- evilly
- evilness
- mid-evil
- nonevil
- pure evil
Translations[edit]
intending to harm
- Arabic: شِرِّير (ar) (širrīr), شَرِير (ar) (šarīr)
- Egyptian Arabic: شرير (šarīr)
- Armenian: չար (hy) (čʿar)
- Asturian: malu (ast)
- Basque: gaizto (eu)
- Belarusian: злы (zly)
- Bulgarian: лош (bg) m (loš), зъл (bg) (zǎl)
- Catalan: malvat (ca), dolent (ca), maliciós (ca), malèfic (ca), roí (ca)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 邪惡的／邪恶的 (zh) (xié’è de), 壞的／坏的 (zh) (huài de), 凶狠 (zh) (xiōnghěn)
- Chukchi: нанӈэнаӄэн (nanṇėnaqėn), анӈэнаԓьын (anṇėnaḷʹyn)
- Coptic: ϩⲟⲟⲩ (hoou)
- Czech: zlý (cs) m
- Danish: ond (da), slem (da), slet, dårlig, skadelig (da)
- Dutch: kwaadaardig (nl), boosaardig (nl), kwaad (nl), slecht (nl), euvel (nl), boos (nl)
- Esperanto: malbona (eo)
- Estonian: paha, kuri (et)
- Faroese: óndur (fo), óreinur
- Finnish: paha (fi), pahantahtoinen (fi), häijy (fi), ilkeä (fi), pirullinen (fi)
- French: mauvais (fr) m, maléfique (fr) m or f, méchant (fr)
- Galician: mao (gl) m
- Georgian: ბოროტი (boroṭi), ავი (avi), მავნე (mavne)
- German: böse (de), übel (de)
- Gothic: 𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍃 (ubils), 𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌸 (unþiuþ)
- Greek: κακός (el) m (kakós)
- Ancient: πονηρός (ponērós)
- Haitian Creole: move, mechan
- Hebrew: רע (he), מרושע m (merusha)
- Higaonon: madaut
- Hiligaynon: malain
- Hindi: दुष्ट (hi) (duṣṭ), बुरा (hi) (burā), पापी (hi) (pāpī)
- Hungarian: gonosz (hu)
- Icelandic: illur (is) m, ill (is) f illt (is) n, vondur (is), slæmur (is)
- Ido: mala (io)
- Ilocano: balang
- Indonesian: jahat (id)
- Interlingua: mal, malefic
- Italian: malvagio (it) m, malevolo (it), maligno (it), malefico (it), perverso (it), diabolico (it), mefistofelico, infernale (it), demoniaco (it), satanico (it)
- Japanese: 悪い (ja) (わるい, warui), 邪心 (ja) (じゃしん, jashin), 邪悪な (ja) (じゃあくな, jaaku na)
- Kannada: ಕೆಟ್ಟ (kn) (keṭṭa), (formally) ದುಷ್ಠ (duṣṭha)
- Kazakh: қастық (qastyq)
- Khmer: អាក្រក់ (km) (ʼaakrɑk), កាច (km) (kaac)
- Korean: 사악하다 (ko) (saakhada), 악랄하다 (ko) (angnalhada)
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: xirab (ku)
- Laboya: bokala, japata
- Lao: ຊົ່ວ (lo) (sūa)
- Latgalian: ļauns
- Latin: malus (la)
- Latvian: ļauns
- Limburgish: kwaod (li), euvel (li)
- Lithuanian: piktas (lt), blogas (lt)
- Luhya: please add this translation if you can
- Luo: rach
- Macedonian: лош (loš), зол (zol)
- Malay: jahat (ms)
- Malayalam: തിന്മ (ml) (tinma)
- Maore Comorian: -ovu
- Middle English: yvel
- Navajo: doo yáʼáshǫ́ǫ da
- Neapolitan: malo
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: ond (no), slem (no)
- Ojibwe: maji-
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: зълъ (zŭlŭ)
- Old English: yfel (ang)
- Persian: شرور (fa) (šarur), بدکار (fa) (badkâr)
- Plautdietsch: bees, iebel
- Polish: zły (pl)
- Portuguese: mau (pt), maléfico (pt), malvado (pt)
- Romagnol: cativ
- Romanian: rău (ro), răutăcios (ro), hain (ro), câinos (ro)
- Russian: злой (ru) (zloj)
- Scottish Gaelic: olc m, aingidheachd f, urchaid f, truaighe f
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: за̏о
- Roman: zȁo (sh)
- Sinhalese: දුෂ්ට (duṣṭa) ඉතා නරක (itā naraka)
- Slovak: zlý (sk)
- Slovene: zèl (sl) m, hudôben m
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: zły
- Upper Sorbian: zły
- Spanish: malo (es), malvado (es), malévolo (es), maléfico, perverso (es)
- Swahili: -baya
- Swedish: ond (sv), elak (sv)
- Tagalog: masama
- Tamil: தீய (ta) (tīya)
- Tày: ác
- Telugu: దుష్ట (te) (duṣṭa), దెయ్యం (te) (deyyaṁ)
- Thai: ชั่วร้าย (th) (chûua-ráai), ชั่ว (th) (chûua)
- Tocharian B: yolo
- Tupinambá: poxy
- Turkish: kötücül (tr)
- Tuvan: бак (bak)
- Ukrainian: злий (uk) (zlyj)
- Vietnamese: ác (vi)
- Volapük: badik (vo)
morally corrupt
- Arabic: شِرِّير (ar) (širrīr), شَرِير (ar) (šarīr)
- Armenian: չար (hy) (čʿar)
- Asturian: malváu
- Bulgarian: поро́чен (bg) (poróčen)
- Catalan: malvat (ca)
- Danish: ond (da), umoralsk
- Dutch: slecht (nl)
- Egyptian: (ḏw m)
- Finnish: paha (fi), ilkeä (fi)
- Gothic: 𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍃 (ubils), 𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌸 (unþiuþ)
- Greek: κακός (el) m (kakós), φαύλος (el) m (fávlos)
- Ancient: κακός (kakós), πονηρός (ponērós)
- Hebrew: רשע (he) m
- Italian: malvagio (it), cattivo (it), malevolo (it), corrotto (it)
- Khmer: ដែលខូចសីលធម (dael kʰooc sǝl tʰoa)
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: xirab (ku)
- Latvian: ļauns
- Middle English: yvel
- Old English: yfel (ang)
- Maori: kino (mi)
- Persian: شرورانه (šarurâne), پلید (fa) (palid), فژ (fa) (faž)
- Plautdietsch: bees, iebel
- Portuguese: mal (pt), malvado (pt)
- Quechua: saqra
- Romanian: rău (ro), depravat (ro), decăzut (ro), desfrânat (ro)
- Russian: поро́чный (ru) (poróčnyj)
- Sanskrit: पाप (sa) (pāpa)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: по̀ква̄рен
- Roman: pòkvāren (sh)
- Slovak: zlo
- Spanish: malo (es), malvado (es)
- Tày: ác
- Tocharian B: yolo
- Tok Pisin: nogut (tpi)
- Volapük: badik (vo)
- Welsh: abred m, adwythig
- White Hmong: phem
unpleasant, foul (smell, taste)
- Finnish: paha (fi)
Noun[edit]
evil (countable and uncountable, plural evils)
- Moral badness; wickedness; malevolence; the forces or behaviors that are the opposite or enemy of good.
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- The heart of the sons of men is full of evil.
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1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XVI, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
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The preposterous altruism too! […] Resist not evil. It is an insane immolation of self—as bad intrinsically as fakirs stabbing themselves or anchorites warping their spines in caves scarcely large enough for a fair-sized dog.
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1963, King, Jr., Martin Luther, “The Death of Evil upon the Seashore”, in Strength to Love[12], New York: Pocket Books, published 1964, →OCLC, page 71:
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IS ANYTHING more obvious than the presence of evil in the universe? Its nagging, prehensile tentacles project into every level of human existence. We may debate the origin of evil, but only a victim of superficial optimism would debate its reality. Evil is stark, grim, and colossally real.
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The evils of society include murder and theft.
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Evil lacks spirituality, hence its need for mind control.
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- Something which impairs the happiness of a being or deprives a being of any good; something which causes suffering of any kind to sentient beings; harm; injury; mischief.
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1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:
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The evil that men do lives after them.
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- (obsolete) A malady or disease; especially in combination, as in king’s evil, colt evil.
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c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:
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[The disease]Tis call’d the Euill.
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1711 March 24 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Addison; Richard Steele [et al.], “TUESDAY, March 13, 1710–1711”, in The Spectator, number 329; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume IV, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC:
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He [Edward the Confessor] was the first that touched for the evil.
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Antonyms[edit]
- good
Derived terms[edit]
- axis of evil
- colt evil
- evildoer
- evildoing
- evilist
- evilology
- evilworker
- fox evil
- king’s evil
- lesser evil
- lesser of two evils
- lousy evil
- money is the root of all evil
- necessary evil
- poll evil
- problem of evil
- quarter-evil
- root of all evil
- snowshoe evil
- social evil
- stag-evil
- sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof
Translations[edit]
moral badness, wickedness
- Arabic: شَرّ (ar) m (šarr)
- Armenian: չարություն (hy) (čʿarutʿyun), չարիք (hy) (čʿarikʿ)
- Azerbaijani: şər (az)
- Belarusian: зло n (zlo), лі́ха n (líxa)
- Bulgarian: зло (bg) n (zlo)
- Burmese: အကုသိုလ် (my) (a.ku.suil), မကောင်းမှု (my) (ma.kaung:hmu.)
- Catalan: mal (ca) m
- Cebuano: demonyo
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 邪惡／邪恶 (zh) (xié’è), 惡／恶 (zh) (è)
- Czech: zlo (cs) n
- Dalmatian: mul m
- Danish: ond (da) c, ondskab c
- Dutch: kwade (nl) n, kwaad (nl) n, slechte (nl) n, euvel (nl) n
- Dzongkha: མ་རུངས་པ (ma rungs pa)
- Egyptian: (ḏwt f)
- Esperanto: malbono
- Estonian: kurjus (et), pahe
- Finnish: paha (fi), pahuus (fi)
- French: mal (fr) m
- Friulian: mâl m
- Georgian: სიბოროტე (siboroṭe), ბოროტება (boroṭeba), სიავე (siave)
- German: Böse (de) n, Übel (de) n
- Greek: κακό (el) n (kakó),κακία (el) f (kakía)
- Ancient: κακία f (kakía)
- Haitian Creole: mal
- Hindi: बुराई (hi) f (burāī), दुष्टता (hi) f (duṣṭatā)
- Hungarian: gonosz (hu)
- Icelandic: illska (is) f, vonska f
- Ido: malo (io)
- Italian: male (it) m, malevolenza (it) f, malignità (it) f
- Japanese: 邪悪 (ja) (じゃあく, jaaku), 邪心 (ja) (じゃしん, jashin), 悪 (ja) (あく, aku)
- Kazakh: қастық (qastyq), жамандық (jamandyq), жауыздық (jauyzdyq)
- Khmer: បាប (km) (baap)
- Korean: 악(惡) (ko) (ak), 사악(邪惡) (ko) (saak), 악랄(惡辣) (ko) (angnal)
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: xirabî (ku) f
- Kyrgyz: жамандык (ky) (jamandık), кастык (kastık)
- Lao: ບາບ (lo) (bāp), ຄວາມຊົ່ວ (khuām sūa)
- Latin: malum (la) n
- Latvian: ļaunums m
- Lithuanian: blogis m
- Macedonian: зло n (zlo)
- Malay: jahat (ms)
- Malayalam: തിന്മ (ml) (tinma)
- Maori: kino (mi)
- Middle English: yvel
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: onde (no) n, ondskap (no) c
- Occitan: mal (oc)
- Old East Slavic: зъло n (zŭlo), *лихо n (*lixo)
- Old English: yfel (ang) n
- Pashto: شر (ps) m (šar), بد (ps) m (bad)
- Persian: بدی (fa) (badi), شر (fa) (šarr), فژه (fa) (faže)
- Polish: zło (pl) n
- Portuguese: mal (pt) m
- Romanian: rău (ro) n, răutate (ro) f
- Russian: зло (ru) n (zlo), ли́хо (ru) n (líxo), ху́до (ru) n (xúdo)
- Sardinian: mabi, mai, male, mali
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: зло̏ n
- Roman: zlȍ (sh) n
- Slovak: zlo n
- Slovene: zlò (sl) n
- Spanish: mal (es) m
- Swedish: ond (sv) c, ondska (sv) c
- Tajik: бадӣ (tg) (badī), шарр (šarr), шар (šar)
- Tatar: явызлык (tt) (yawızlıq)
- Thai: ความชั่วร้าย (th) (kwaam-chûua-ráai), บาป (th) (bàap)
- Tocharian B: yolaiññe
- Turkish: kötülük (tr)
- Turkmen: ýamanlyk
- Tuvaluan: amiomasei
- Ukrainian: зло n (zlo), ли́хо (uk) n (lýxo)
- Urdu: بَدی f (badī), بُرائی f (burāī), شَر (śar)
- Uzbek: yomonlik (uz), yovuzlik (uz), sharr (uz)
- Volapük: bad (vo)
- Welsh: drygioni m
- West Frisian: kwea
- White Hmong: qhov phem
impairment of happiness or well-being
- Arabic: شَرّ (ar) m (šarr)
- Greek:
- Ancient Greek: κακόν n (kakón)
References[edit]
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*ubila-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 557
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*ufelo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 396
- ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 369–370
- ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*uƀelaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 433
Etymology 2[edit]
From Middle English yvel, evel, ivel, uvel (“evilly”), from Old English yfele, yfle (“evilly”), a derivative of the noun yfel (“evil”). Often reinterpreted as the noun in the later language (as in «to speak evil»).
Adverb[edit]
evil (comparative more evil, superlative most evil)
- (obsolete) wickedly, evilly, iniquitously
- (obsolete) injuriously, harmfully; in a damaging way.
- (obsolete) badly, poorly; in an insufficient way.
- It went evil with him.
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1570, William Lambard, quoting Horace, A Perambulation of Kent[13], published 1596, page 341:
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But (as the Poet ſaith) Malè ſarta gratia, nequicquam coit, & reſcinditur: Friendſhip, that is but euill peeced, will not ioine cloſe, but falleth aſunder againe:
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Usage notes[edit]
This adverb was usually used in conjunction with speak.
References[edit]
- James A. H. Murray [et al.], editors (1884–1928), “Evil, adv.”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volume III (D–E), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 350, column 2.
Anagrams[edit]
- Levi, Viel, live, veil, vile, vlei
Middle English[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Adjective[edit]
evil
- Alternative form of yvel (“evil”)
Etymology 2[edit]
Adverb[edit]
evil
- Alternative form of yvel (“evilly”)
Categories:
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/iːvəl
- Rhymes:English/iːvəl/2 syllables
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
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- evil
- ˈi:vl
1. сущ.
1) зло;
вред;
убыток, ущерб to root out evil ≈ искоренять зло unmitigated evil ≈ явное зло necessary evil ≈ необходимое зло do evil Syn : harm, hurt
2) несчастье, беда;
бедствие;
тж. уст. болезнь It was the dread of evil that first cemented society together.≈ То, что поначалу сплотило общество, был страх беды. Syn : distress, disaster
3) порок;
грех;
изъян, недостаток The evil which is the gluttony is not so bad as the evil which corrupts morals. ≈ Порок чревоугодия не так страшен, как грех развращения нравов. ∙ of two evils choose the less посл. ≈ из двух зол выбирай меньшее the lesser of two evils ≈ меньшее из двух зол King’s evil St. John’s evil
2. прил.
1) дурной, плохой;
злой;
зловещий, неблагоприятный the Evil One ≈ дьявол evil tongue evil eye Syn : ominous, ill-boding, wicked, vicious
2) вредный;
губительный, пагубный, гибельный;
evil results Syn : harmful, hurtful, mischievous, prejudicial
3) злостный;
злонамеренный;
зловредный
4) разг. неприятный, противный;
причиняющий боль или беспокойство Syn : unpleasant, offensive, disagreeable, troublesome, painful
5) дурной, низкий;
порочный, развратный evil life Syn : depraved ∙ to fall on evil days/times ≈ обнищать;
попасть в полосу неудач
зло — good and * добро и зло — lesser /less/ * меньшее зло — to believe * of others дурно думать о других — to speak * злословить — * comes from * зло порождает зло — to return good for * отплатить добром за зло — keep thy tongue from * (библеизм) удерживай язык твой от зла порок — an * of long standing закоренелый порок — the social * (эвфмеизм) общественное зло (проституция) — to lead a life of * вести порочную жизнь — to correct the *s of the system устранить пороки системы бедствие, несчастье — to wish smb. * желать кому-л. беды неудача (библеизм) грех — to shun * отойти от греха горе — * be to him that… горе тому, кто… (устаревшее) болезнь — king’s * золотуха — the falling * падучая (болезнь) > but deliver us from * (библеизм) но избави нас от лукавого злой, зловредный, злонамеренный — the E. One (религия) нечистый, сатана — * spirits злые духи — * tongue злой язык испорченный, порочный — * conscience нечистая совесть — * fruit (библеизм) плоды худые развратный, порочный, грешный;
преступный — * deeds преступления — * life распутная жизнь;
путь разврата — * men (библеизм) грешники — a man of * reputation человек, пользующийся дурной славой — the * institution of slavery позорный институт рабовладения вредный, пагубный (о примере, совете и т. п.) зловещий;
дурной, неблагоприятный — * hour недобрый час — * sign зловещий признак, неблагоприятное предзнаменование (разговорное) очень плохой, отвратительный — the * day черный день — * dinner очень плохой /ужасный/ обед — * slander гнусная клевета — * temper несносный характер — * weather отвратительная погода — * workmanship никуда негодная работа — * odour зловоние — to fall on * days впасть в нищету;
хлебнуть горя
~ зло;
вред;
to do evil наносить ущерб;
творить зло;
evil comes from evil зло порождает зло;
(the) lesser evil меньшее зло
evil бедствие, несчастье ~ уст. болезнь;
King’s evil золотуха;
St. John’s evil эпилепсия;
of two evils choose the less посл. из двух зол выбирай меньшее ~ вредный;
пагубный;
evil results злосчастные последствия ~ грех, порок ~ дурной, злой;
зловещий;
the Evil One дьявол;
evil tongue злой язык;
evil eye дурной глаз ~ зло;
вред;
to do evil наносить ущерб;
творить зло;
evil comes from evil зло порождает зло;
(the) lesser evil меньшее зло ~ злостный ~ плохой ~ порочный, дурной;
evil life распутная жизнь;
to fall on evil days (или times) обнищать;
попасть в полосу неудач
~ зло;
вред;
to do evil наносить ущерб;
творить зло;
evil comes from evil зло порождает зло;
(the) lesser evil меньшее зло
~ дурной, злой;
зловещий;
the Evil One дьявол;
evil tongue злой язык;
evil eye дурной глаз
~ порочный, дурной;
evil life распутная жизнь;
to fall on evil days (или times) обнищать;
попасть в полосу неудач
~ дурной, злой;
зловещий;
the Evil One дьявол;
evil tongue злой язык;
evil eye дурной глаз
~ вредный;
пагубный;
evil results злосчастные последствия
~ дурной, злой;
зловещий;
the Evil One дьявол;
evil tongue злой язык;
evil eye дурной глаз
~ порочный, дурной;
evil life распутная жизнь;
to fall on evil days (или times) обнищать;
попасть в полосу неудач
~ уст. болезнь;
King’s evil золотуха;
St. John’s evil эпилепсия;
of two evils choose the less посл. из двух зол выбирай меньшее
~ уст. болезнь;
King’s evil золотуха;
St. John’s evil эпилепсия;
of two evils choose the less посл. из двух зол выбирай меньшее king’s ~ разг. золотуха
~ зло;
вред;
to do evil наносить ущерб;
творить зло;
evil comes from evil зло порождает зло;
(the) lesser evil меньшее зло
~ уст. болезнь;
King’s evil золотуха;
St. John’s evil эпилепсия;
of two evils choose the less посл. из двух зол выбирай меньшее
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь.
2001.
Полезное
Смотреть что такое «evil» в других словарях:
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Evil — • In a large sense, described as the sum of the opposition, which experience shows to exist in the universe, to the desires and needs of individuals; whence arises, among humans beings at least, the sufferings in which life abounds Catholic… … Catholic encyclopedia
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Evil — E*vil ([=e] v l) a. [OE. evel, evil, ifel, uvel, AS. yfel; akin to OFries, evel, D. euvel, OS. & OHG. ubil, G. [ u]bel, Goth. ubils, and perh. to E. over.] 1. Having qualities tending to injury and mischief; having a nature or properties which… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
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evil — adj *bad, ill, wicked, naughty Analogous words: *base, low, vile: iniquitous, nefarious, flagitious, *vicious, villainous, infamous: *pernicious, baneful: *execrable, damnable Antonyms: exemplary: salutary … New Dictionary of Synonyms
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evil — ► ADJECTIVE 1) deeply immoral and malevolent. 2) embodying or associated with the devil. 3) extremely unpleasant: an evil smell. ► NOUN 1) extreme wickedness and depravity, especially when regarded as a supernatural force. 2) something harmful or … English terms dictionary
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evil — [ē′vəl] adj. [ME ivel < OE yfel, akin to Ger übel < IE * upelo < base * upo , up from under > UP1, Sans upa, toward] 1. a) morally bad or wrong; wicked; depraved b) resulting from or based on conduct regarded as immoral [an evil… … English World dictionary
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Evil — E vil ([=e] v l) n. 1. Anything which impairs the happiness of a being or deprives a being of any good; anything which causes suffering of any kind to sentient beings; injury; mischief; harm; opposed to {good}. [1913 Webster] Evils which our own… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
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Evil — (englisch, als Adjektiv: ‚böse‘, ‚schlecht‘, als Substantiv: ‚das Böse‘) steht für: Evil (Roman), den 1989 veröffentlichten Roman des Autors Jack Ketchum Evil (2003), einen schwedischen Spielfilm Evil (2005), einen griechischen Horrorfilm eine EP … Deutsch Wikipedia
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Evil — E vil, adv. In an evil manner; not well; ill; badly; unhappily; injuriously; unkindly. Shak. [1913 Webster] It went evil with his house. 1 Chron. vii. 23. [1913 Webster] The Egyptians evil entreated us, and affected us. Deut. xxvi. 6. [1913… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
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evil — (adj.) O.E. yfel (Kentish evel) bad, vicious, ill, wicked, from P.Gmc. *ubilaz (Cf. O.Saxon ubil, O.Fris., M.Du. evel, Du. euvel, O.H.G. ubil, Ger. übel, Goth. ubils), from PIE *upelo , from root *wap (Cf. Hittite huwapp … Etymology dictionary
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Evil — (англ. зло, бедствие, несчастье): EVIL камера англоязычная аббревиатура беззеркального системного компактного цифрового фотоаппарата с возможностью смены объектива Музыка Evil песня нью йоркской инди рок группы Interpol См. также … Википедия
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evil — evil; evil·ly; evil·ness; … English syllables