1.
ever you are and whatever you do, you’ll leave the
2.
It was far from the same thing, and where did that leave Leand in her parentage? Did she have three parents, but didn’t the child who became the ghost also have two? Could he ever make love to such a creature? He had made love to such a creature, made love to her so much that she ran from him
3.
«If either one of them wanted to leave with those papers,» Ava said, «they could have done so a year ago
4.
and leave behind what you choose to leave behind
5.
He called the packers for Raw Sex Object, even though it wasn’t due to leave the gallery for a week or two, and contentedly surveyed the gallery
6.
«She got it at half price from Ava, but with her fortune Ava could buy a place like that every year and just leave it
7.
That’s what Venna did was just leave, not even a note and signature turning it over to me
8.
«Leave that,» he said, and reached for it, still holding the stairpost with his other hand
9.
Sam had just finished his masterclass in Nutritional awareness, and was preparing his papers to leave, when the auburn haired model approached his table
10.
You might have an intuition that says, “I should grab my phone before I head to the store” but you dishonor that intuition and leave it on the counter
11.
«I need to find out if Athnu cooked first, he’ll be highly insulted if he has and we leave
12.
· Always leave a portion of the stomach empty at the end of a meal to allow for digestion
13.
The bait gets them into the trap and once they enter the water to feed, the soap in the water prevents them from being able to leave
14.
But here, the Instinct said she could always withdraw her consent, any violent move he tried to make would leave him paralyzed
15.
If the bird died then everyone would leave since something was wrong
16.
«Leave!» she growls
17.
He had been among the first to leave the Kassikan and the city and hole up in the Chaparral of the Gengee
18.
«I can’t leave, not now,» how much would she have to explain to him about Kulai
19.
Kulai would have every right to leave her belongings in a crate by the door if she left with Herndon
20.
On the fourth day, Brandon decided not to leave his room
21.
«What’s wrong with you! I have to leave! I can’t stay forever!»
22.
They wound up doing Morningday breakfast at the camp since Venna slept in and Jorma wouldn’t leave her there alone
23.
Neither was willing to accept enough of the native culture to leave the familiarity they provided each other
24.
You really should leave this job to me, some people just aren’t good at overseeing missions
25.
but what sort of mess is it going to leave my client in? She works in a school, Mum — one of those big private ones
26.
When dried it will leave a thin film for the cockroaches to run into
27.
find any food that you leave for them that is out of reach of the ants
28.
We should see that equitable distribution takes place between our children, as far as possible well before we leave this world
29.
«How could the other gods leave me here alone?» he thought
30.
Dry-wood termites leave piles of sawdust like pellets
31.
The people threw stones at Haques and shouted for him to leave
32.
That is to say they both live in wood, both have wings during mating seasons and they both leave signs(piles of wood dust, wings) which lets us know they are there
33.
That is to say they both live in wood, both have wings during mating seasons and they both leave signs (piles of wood dust, wings) which lets us know they are there
34.
We leave it that I’ll ring her later in the week and let her know for definite then; after a few more minutes of general conversation, she rings off
35.
«We saw it leave,» Ava said, and told her what it was like from her point of view
36.
There’s an asteroid coming that’s going to leave a crater the size of Lake Entisonggas somewhere on what may be the only planet we humans have left, and you’re still chasing around after that damned shuttlecraft
37.
They watch him leave, then Zitteraal shakes his head, turns to John
38.
She and Topher used to get high after church and debate spiritual truths, at least before his anxiety got worse and couldn’t leave the house
39.
Then again, perhaps it would be best to leave a note in the mailbox and just wait inside
40.
«I’ll lead you there when we’re about to leave
41.
He had everything sent by Fed Ex so he’d never have to leave his house
42.
He watches John a moment, stands to leave
43.
he were to die for love, he would leave the girl standing as cold as stone in his flat,
44.
He should have complained about that but instead asked what had prompted him to leave the Yakhan
45.
He starts to leave
46.
More urgently, where is that going to leave me financially? I was counting on the rent from the house to pay for this place
47.
There’s no avoiding it, I am going to have to leave this house and move back to Bridgwater
48.
With no job, I dare not get into financial difficulties with paying rent … I can’t afford to leave the house in Bridgwater empty either …
49.
You (your ‘ATMA’) just leave the present body
50.
Frustrated, I leave a message that Liz phoned and that she has a problem she wants his advice on … that should get him calling one of us
51.
‘How did you leave things?’
52.
Antonio will now leave us, but he will return in the morning to take you back
53.
I have seen too many dear friends leave this world too soon; before they understood the great freedom that comes with aging
54.
Bronner will leave this world a better place
55.
Bar one spell of leave
56.
I should have asked him to leave then but I didn’t
57.
It is fun clearing up the sitting room of the annexe … I know Stephen said to leave it until we know for definite that Liz is coming, but I had nothing much to do this afternoon and sometimes a good cleaning session is therapeutic
58.
‘Damn you! Leave me alone!’ I cried, hanging up with a crash as the handset hits the base unit
59.
«Leave it for later
60.
And this is where I leave you
61.
But why leave him inside the wall? Were the gangsters just stupid? Or was there a reason? If they had left the body outside in the woods it could have been weeks or even months or years before anyone found it
62.
He made himself ready to leave the estate
63.
«I’m old enough to leave home, I’m past two and a half
64.
‘Let’s leave it at that, shall we?’ Molly put in
65.
…For He Himself has said, “I will never leave you nor forsake
66.
you will not leave me
67.
By the time they decided these girls might really have reasons for being hermits out here and taken their leave, Tahlmute noticed that Estwig was out of their sight and he was nervous
68.
They are bickering happily as they leave the house, arguing over the relative merits of various colour schemes … what a pair!
69.
Where did that leave me?
70.
For a few hours doostEr worried that Estwig would leave him on the hand of that wildherder’s daughter
71.
His wife, Mary, was right when she said that he couldn’t leave the place to go
72.
If it was his idea to leave, his mother had probably called once from the front porch and sighed, then got on with her life
73.
Teekra watches it leave, gets out of the car suddenly, approaches the police officer with whom John and Russ were speaking
74.
«She hates her dad, she wants to leave him
75.
bridge the gulf between us and leave the house to you when I die? Didn’t think you’d
76.
in an attempt to burn out cancer cells, you cannot force cancer to leave
77.
It will not leave the dwelling where it has settled
78.
«Is that all?» Estwig asked, «you could just tell me to leave if I was in the way
79.
«I don’t want you to leave, when I told Tahlmute you were earning your keep, I meant it
80.
I’ll leave all that to you
81.
I watched them leave
82.
“For He Himself has said, “I will never leave you nor forsake you
83.
He did not leave me nor forsake me
84.
Now either you leave this station right now or I put you in the cells for wasting time
85.
Instead she tried to leave the native world aside for now and come back to getting her own house in order first
86.
Take 12 from that it would leave me only 11 hours to find 36 grand
87.
I storm past the girl on reception, ignoring her polite greeting and do my best to slam the door as I leave the building … I’m thwarted by the fact the blasted thing has an automatic door closer, a fact which merely inflames my temper even more
88.
Told me to fuck off out of it and leave police business to the professionals
89.
A buzzer sounds on his desk and he half rises, clearly reluctant to leave me on my own
90.
would settle all with him the following evening when she was due to leave for her
91.
They start to leave, but Teekra takes Mohammed by the arm as he is going out the door
92.
«Let me have €9000 please and just leave the balance in the account
93.
But that would leave only 1 Euro 36 cents in the account
94.
Inspector Ditton is quoted as saying that Liz is in a safe house and appealing for the media to leave her alone
95.
As soon as I have put the phone down, I call Stephen’s mobile and leave a message on his voice mail, summing up what the Inspector had told me as briefly as I can and telling him that Liz hasn’t come back from the house yet
96.
Ava had been in her labs a lot lately so that helped leave her lonely
97.
God said: “I will never leave you
98.
It might be best not to leave her totally alone for a while
99.
He starts to leave, turns to face John
100.
‘I told them I was not available today, took a day’s leave
1.
Living a life of counting days in The Waiting Room leaves me with way too much time for pondering
2.
~ Avoid breakfasts containing large amounts of sugar as it give an initial energy boost, but leaves one feeling drowsy within a few hours
3.
· Place bells or chimes on doors leading to the outside to alert you when the patient leaves the house
4.
Some insects help to improve the soil through aeration, while others help by generating compost from leaves and other decaying organic matter
5.
Pour boiling water on to the leaves, flowers, roots, seeds and place in a cooking pot or container with a lid
6.
Use leaves, flowers, grinds
7.
Marigold Flowers: Use dried leaves for an infusion spray
8.
Will prevent most insects, caterpillars from chewing on leaves of ornamentals
9.
Pea Leaves: Can be made into an infusion that will repel most chewing insects
10.
Radish: An infusion of the leaves when added to a dash of Tabasco and a dash of soap will repel most chewing insects, whiteflies, ants and some animals
11.
Make an infusion of the leaves or a decoction of the roots
12.
They suck the sugars from the plant, leaving a great deal of this nectar behind on the leaves of the plants being attacked
13.
This sticky substance covers the leaves and provides nutrients for the mold to grow
14.
She smiles at him and leaves the room again
15.
He is still less than his usual efficient self when he leaves to go to the police station
16.
He spoke to his dear the angel Kerubiel who reflected His light through the leaves
17.
To avoid the dust, rock dust can be made into a milk like liquid and sprayed on the leaves
18.
Other barriers to keep ants and aphids off are Tabasco sauce and a natural soap sprayed on base and on leaves
19.
The word Foliar means leaves
20.
All plants have leaves of one form or another, and when you feed them through these leaves, you are foliar spraying them
21.
John shakes his head and Baker leaves
22.
Spray this on the plants leaves, this increases the energy level of the plants, assisting them in fighting off pests
23.
If the variety of Datura that you have has velvety leaves, this is a very poisonous variety that can cause damage just by rubbing against the leaves
24.
Turns and leaves
25.
Solar Tea: Solar Tea is made by placing the ground up dried leaves of the herb into panty hose tied into a ball (becomes a tea bag) then place into a gallon (or larger) glass container of pure water (not city water, distilled or filtered water is best but stream water is OK)
26.
leaves out the cause, and for that I must write down the circumstances of my life…so
27.
There was really too much out at once now so they would crush a lot of the lower leaves, but it could get him out of here an hour sooner
28.
They struggled onward after grabbing a quick meal of sliced roast on bread topped with garden leaves to take with them
29.
‘But …’ Liz started as he leaves the room, ‘Oh, it’s probably just some drunken idiot
30.
the bars of their cages and mice running in all directions amid vine leaves
31.
“Okay”, Johnny said to himself, “that just leaves the guests”
32.
he stared hard he thought he could make out leaves and twisted boughs and tall
33.
layer of rotting leaves and vines
34.
down from the ceiling, thick fronds and razor sharp leaves cut and smothered his
35.
He could hear the sound of tall leaves and seed ears rubbing together
36.
Jed ignores the remark, leaves, shuts the door behind him
37.
The guard leaves, bolts the door
38.
There is something that God leaves unrevealed
39.
Ferns uncurled their leaves, morphosing into a billion species of tree and bush
40.
Still flapping like an old hen, he leaves for the office
41.
I expect her to be enthusiastic about it, yet I am nonplussed at her immediate frigidity: “I have nothing to do this afternoon, but I am not in the mood of going to such a lecture, I had better stay home alone,” she announces in a low voice and leaves me wondering, since she has always given me the impression of being very interested in such matters
42.
’ Janet said equally straight-faced as she leaves the room, and I double up with laughter rapidly infecting Nick
43.
When you are alone, to have even the slightest familiarity of walls and doors and floors shifted constantly, breaks you down and leaves you impotent and resigned
44.
They came away remembering that the leaves don’t shrivel in the dark and the animal bones aren’t wood and that all the animals look like little furry people with tails and that the cities are all just the bare skeletons of buildings that they think look like abandoned ruins
45.
The plants had leaves like North American pond lillies with a ruffle of lavender flowers along the edge, but they were a species of lon, a class of plants that is a local staple crop
46.
A stick whacked at a clump of waist high nettles, sending fragments of the sting-laden leaves scattering across the rough grassland at the edge of the meadow
47.
Leaves: If they are green and fresh, they portend happiness; if they are withered, you will lose hope
48.
We have covered our shame with fig leaves
49.
Seeing a fig tree by the road, he went up to it but found nothing on it except leaves
50.
Son approached a tree with many branches and leaves
51.
the leaves of the tree rustling and he dropped from the branch just in time to
52.
Ferns uncurled their leaves, morphosing into a billion species of tree and bush and flower
53.
The tips of leaves sway delicately on spindle stemmed shoots
54.
and tease the apple leaves
55.
much the same thing, brewed from leaves
56.
Well, that leaves this afternoon nicely free to visit the warehouse
57.
while Lack-A-Bed felt the tearing leaves cry out,
58.
With dead bone leaves and base sediment shucked off,
59.
The end of each branch had a large tuft of leaves and a circlet of bright blue flowers
60.
They looked like piles of huge leaves, but, looking almost like a vine among the leaves, was a tiny head which would occasionally take a small bite of soil
61.
Alan watched a long stick with a shattered-off piece of trunk on the end of it came out of the brush first, and then the leaves parted to reveal Luray
62.
There were plenty of dead sticks here, enough to keep a fire going all thru Nightday, with their props casting shadows on the arching leaves
63.
Aching all over from the stress of the nightmare, I listen as she leaves the room
64.
The orange light, the deep green leaves and the turquoise sky had an unreal but beautiful aspect this bright Morningday
65.
“So that only leaves the problem of the pets”
66.
Unlike the stream it was deep and filled with thick purple-green floating leaves
67.
«The leaves, with enthora you can eat the stems too but lon stems are too skinny, it’s like eating twine
68.
It’s relatively easy to hook lon with stripped archwood fronds, and in a few minutes they had a quarter of the water cleared and a nice little pile of the thick leaves beside them
69.
I watch as she leaves the room, wondering if she has been looking through my stuff and aware in the same thought that I now see the staff here at the villa in a totally different light
70.
It took awhile to tie and glue the leaves she used for fletching, but there was nothing but time sitting around the camp
71.
There was damp soil made up of generations of dead leaves with soft sumaids carpeting the slate street now
72.
It was covered with dead leaves and the soil they had decayed into
73.
They need to gather the leaves and the fruit for healing
74.
She looked around a little and saw the trace of a kayak canal, now filled in with leaves and a bit of struggling chussweed
75.
She found a pimia vine, their leaves are pretty clean and soft enough to stick to it
76.
in the way that a cat leaves off the mouse half dead
77.
the pant of this lolling tongue, the wind in green leaves
78.
reflecting off of early morning dew laced leaves
79.
‘Technology leaves me at the toothbrush
80.
Let’s say you have a green plant, and you don’t water it for sometime, and neglect to give it fertilizer, and plant it on poor soil, won’t the leaves wither and dry up?
81.
and so he leaves history
82.
Being distracted like that, it was then that I surprised a mystical pomegranate tree, her bold round fruit already ripening amongst long, glossy leaves and she actually tried to trip me amongst her roots, lying like stiffened serpents around her base
83.
windblown on a bloom of loose blown leaves
84.
Porcelain fruit leaves scattered in the basket with careless abandon served to highlight the rich and vulgar colours
85.
amongst the dusted leaves,
86.
Leaves fall around their swooning
87.
I tried not to stare, but the old man looked scared, and fiddled with the leaves of his dinner
88.
My eyelids heavy, I hand it to her and snuggle down under the covers, bidding her a sleepy goodnight as she quietly leaves the room
89.
For a moment I can’t see what he means at all, then I realise that what I had taken for crops of ripe grain are in fact wilting plants, their leaves yellowed
90.
«That leaves Lmore alone does it not?» Byia asked
91.
The leaves are curled at the edges, frequently dotted with yellow or brown patches, the trunks scabbed with fungus suggesting rotten cores
92.
I met a lady carrying a plate of dolmades, the rolled up vine leaves like green tubes, and asked her the way, in my imperfect Greek, for Virgenia’s
93.
The track leaves the waterside, following round the edge of a small stand of trees
94.
All she had to do was colour in the flower petals and stick paper leaves to the front of each card
95.
“After all,” she said to herself as she unpacked the boxes and made neat piles of the cards and the packets of paper leaves, “I always enjoyed art classes at school and it can’t be that hard to make a few hundred of them”
96.
Her arms, her nose and her hair were covered in glue and disintegrating paper leaves
97.
Miss Jones heard the sound of footsteps following on behind the young man and as she pushed beech leaves out of her face she was able to make out three other young boys heading towards where she lay suspended in the hedge
98.
Wasn’t that nice?’ She swallowed, ‘Do you know, after three years they exhume the bones and put them in a little box and keep them in the ossuary at the entrance to the cemetery? The ground must be too hard to dig deep and it seems before the burial they fill a pillow with olive leaves for his head and they trim his hair
99.
Having shown us the finer points of the accommodation, Findel leaves us to our own devices
1.
I’m telling you, the thought of leaving this earth without leaving this information for my children was terrifying to me
2.
«But you’re leaving her up in that house with them now,» Jorma pointed out
3.
Soon they were both snoring in naps, leaving Jorma to watch the lake alone
4.
Always be sure you have a snack handy or that you eat before leaving the house so you are not tempted by the fast food restaurants while you are out
5.
She had a light knit-wrap with her, but she hung that on the rail, leaving only her thin jersey covering her long and elegant body
6.
But in the long term insects develop resistance to the super-tomatoes, leaving farmers scrambling to find ever newer strains of protective bacteria
7.
The higher energy sources provide to the plants a quick pick me up, Higher energy food sources are easier to be absorbed then lower energy sources which require more energy to assimilate leaving the plant in a minus situation which in turn causes stress etc
8.
And with that Ackers marched on ahead, leaving Nancy and Johnny to watch him walk alone up the hall to his office
9.
It stands for ‘Basic Instructions Before Leaving Earth
10.
They suck the sugars from the plant, leaving a great deal of this nectar behind on the leaves of the plants being attacked
11.
The driver chats about the weather for a few minutes then concentrates on the driving, leaving me to my thoughts
12.
If you are leaving all your money to charity and nothing for your family, then emphasise the reason for doing so
13.
cause damage to the lawn by leaving yellow or brown patches (roots of lawns are eaten)
14.
«I don’t blame her for leaving,» Elond said, «and I don’t blame you for being afraid of them
15.
The buzzards return to Hinckley, Ohio after leaving for the Winter
16.
We can re-arrange our lives, leaving out the non-essential activities
17.
That’s odd, they don’t say why they are leaving … I’m sure they said they were intending to be in the area for at least five years when they took the place
18.
He learned that an overdose was a very real danger and that it erased the brain, leaving the body a vegetable till it died
19.
For soul it is no great tragedy in leaving the body
20.
me in leaving this note is no greater than that which you must make when reading it
21.
The wider wheels are smaller, only six feet in diameter instead of eight, leaving the backbone a foot closer to the ground
22.
Leaving the old man and heading off down
23.
I could have gone for a walk but that would have meant leaving the phone …
24.
Eva leaving didn’t help the machine imagining either, given that a broken heart
25.
‘Yes … It was hell leaving everything behind as I did, but, just as the view from the top of a hill shows you what lies in the valley far more clearly than you can ever see when you are in the valley itself, it gave me a chance to analyse things … my emotions … recent events … without all the clutter
26.
Last dark would be fine, but the girls would all be leaving with dawn if they were here now
27.
«I’d rather not lie awake thinking of some giant rock about to fall on us, leaving us a winter Nightday that’s decades long
28.
Parking the car tidily beside Stephen’s rather more upmarket vehicle, and carefully leaving plenty of space for him to get into his driver’s door if he wants to, I haul my aching legs out of the car and start to walk across to the front door
29.
When I was leaving
30.
CLERIC 3, leaving the mosque, spies him, begins waving his hands frantically and shouting angrily in Arabic to Bolt
31.
I go in and shake hands with the man standing behind the desk while at the same time I am uncomfortably aware that he is scanning what I am wearing, leaving me with the disconcerting impression that he knows what colour my knickers are
32.
Leaving the car parked in a visitor’s space, I stroll along a path bordered by rather nicely kept shrubs towards the entrance to the offices
33.
Before leaving her room the Countess took one precaution
34.
picked up this morning when leaving his hut at first light
35.
’ Tonya said, leaving me with the impression she will probably hunt me down for this express purpose
36.
Tom managed to catch a glimpse of her leaving the car park
37.
They scolded each other about how long it had been since they’d actually talked instead of just leaving quick notes for each other
38.
Leaving the terminal building they found the taxi stand and walked to the top of the queue
39.
In doing this, in leaving the cameras on constant surveillance, Smith also
40.
Peter says it best in 1 Peter 2:21-22 — “ For even hereunto were ye called: because Christ also suffered for us, leaving us an example, that ye should follow his steps: Who did no sin, neither was guile found in his mouth
41.
My ever-present tears had dried on my cheeks by the time that I woke fully from my reverie, leaving my face covered with brittle tracks of tight skin
42.
The nicotine rush faded almost as quickly as it had hit me, leaving me feeling slightly nauseous but suddenly very aware of something new and wonderful
43.
He closed the door leaving just enough light so that I could see to strip off my old clothes and put on the new
44.
After welcoming me, he began to complain about “a woman who left Janus three years ago, without even explaining the reasons for leaving; she left because she couldn’t find a boyfriend, but neither away from Janus did she find a boyfriend; maybe it’s her karma, maybe its her idiosyncrasy
45.
This afternoon I saw Diana at the gym, we had an aerobics lesson and then, as we were leaving together, she revealed to me some more interesting details about her job; in fact, she didn’t hesitate at all to describe -always with an air of importance- a fixed fraud committed by the company she works for: It all starts with an advertisement they place in the newspaper every week, looking for new commercial travellers; they offer an alluring basic salary, as well as commission on the sales, plus social security
46.
I tell her all about the day yesterday … leaving out some of the details with regard to Nick … and mention that I’m going for lunch with a couple of the residents today
47.
The fate of this planet and its billions of innocents had really come down to a power struggle between Moamar and the Haadij hadn’t it? And Moamar had won, leaving the Haadij weakened
48.
He was glad they were not showing each other their personifications, he was able to continue the mission and not just duck out, leaving Enrico to plant this motor alone
49.
That’s the main reason I believe leaving is a mistake
50.
It transpired that during my week of foul, self-centred temper and depression, Menachem had been leaving notes
51.
Any sense of time has long left, leaving him disorientated
52.
The purpose of this meeting was to discuss the theological arguments for and against leaving souls with the biology station
53.
After thinking about it overnight, Kelvin had second thoughts about leaving Alfred in charge of a permanent base
54.
If it was economically feasible, Kelvin would come back to 61 Cygni A before leaving for home
55.
That was just enough to stave off the worst of the depression that cutting off yaag could bring, leaving her functioning but with a sad and quiet air
56.
Under the broad limbs of an oak, in a deep hollow that provided both shade and yet was open to the breeze that continually blew in from the sea, the old man lay down at midday, mopped his brow with a red, paisley handkerchief, and reached into his bag for the hard, round goats cheese and the hunk of heavy bread that he had picked up this morning when leaving his hut at first light
57.
Now they are leaving the land of the seven
58.
Vatreel wasn’t leaving til he filled his nest with some more hot box bound downriver, so they might be here a week or more
59.
He will have to notify his employers that he is leaving, but apart from that, he can leave at any time so we should be able to travel soon
60.
In doing this, in leaving the cameras on constant surveillance, Smith also effected a process of change and evolution
61.
stove, drain the water while leaving all
62.
Deciding that it would be sensible to get there and then get herself a cup of tea rather than hang around in town … there had to be a café in the station, didn’t there? And she’d picked a book off Iain’s bookshelves before leaving
63.
“Didn’t Poltu count the children before leaving the
64.
This, combined with Iain’s quite understandable jitteriness as he faced leaving not only the life he knew but also the world he had spent his life on, made for some uncomfortable silences and more than one irritable spat
65.
that her daughter would be soon leaving them
66.
Just as she was leaving the cave Steve came in
67.
Both girls had been on beasts leaving early in the stampede and were probably ahead of him, though he hadn’t caught a glimpse of either in the darkness since their thongas bolted with them
68.
“I would have been more worried if I was leaving them behind”
69.
She didn’t continue without further questions, so he asked, «What would be an inappropriate response that would make you think I was leaving you for Luray?»
70.
But leaving that aside, the journey to Minca will take several weeks, I should think, and assuming that I retrieve that Element and return safely, I shall have a long journey across Europe to get to the last touching place … if I don’t get going on that fairly quickly, the winter will take hold and I shall not be able to go until the spring
71.
Leaving Lyme is sad
72.
When the church gathering had ended and the folk were leaving
73.
leaving a trail of sorrows in the long eared grass
74.
After leaving Becky at the Hall, Kate decided to check on the rest of the camp
75.
from leaving the bar where I hold court
76.
Pottypears left leaving the
77.
have been leaving the confines of Jodechi
78.
for it, nor does he excuse his leaving of her
79.
‘Oh, my time ran out and she didn’t want to come back here … couldn’t face leaving her family
80.
ROBERT: But instead of leaving, Erick came into the room and hugged you
81.
Desa was sawing at the tentacle again, reaching down underwater to get at it, leaving only her hips and legs on land
82.
When the dragons first came and began burning, most of the professors panicked and fled, leaving the students alone to face their fate
83.
and lowering loft hatches, leaving the things
84.
away from the trees, leaving the sound of an axe
85.
Nuran had a lot of the same, the squint, more tan than burn but she had washed the dust out her hair, leaving it honey-brown and wavy
86.
Then he disappears, leaving her
87.
Excited at the prospect of leaving, they prepared quickly
88.
At a point where three channels of the river joined, Luray thought it looked like it did when she’d first sailed this route to Wescarp, in the early decades of the 34th century when this was still called the sea of reeds and she and Oliar were just leaving the old lands
89.
I tried to cool my feet by walking in the water but they just sank there too, leaving whirlpools of water in my struggle to get back
90.
that I am glad of the leaving,
91.
The others wasted no time in pushing on ahead, leaving us quite alone
92.
She links her arm through mine and leads me off towards the house, leaving Berndt and Wiesse to deal with the ggs
93.
Wiesse, now in possession of the Element of Water, apologises vaguely and disappears with it immediately after the meal, leaving the four of us to talk to our hearts’ content
94.
your head, shoulders, chest and upper abdomen, leaving the
95.
Undoubtedly she would come out the other side of the bathroom, but she was leaving it to Desa to tell Yarin
96.
Since leaving Sulis Min, we have seen no buildings or even any signs that there may be people in the vicinity … the reality of a small population becomes clear to me
97.
Before leaving, one of the young fellows was helping my parents pack my things and he too mentioned that the way they treated me wasn’t right
98.
Without a word, Berndt turns along a trackway skirting the edge of Gloster, leaving the town on our right and striking across the valley towards the river
99.
We agreed to meet again and then she stood, made her apologies and before I could say any more she was gone, leaving me in a pool of curiosity and optimism
100.
He felt like a heel leaving her like this
1.
«He left some notes with me that he needs, and I must have left them here
2.
He hadn’t left the porch
3.
That left him and Ava in awkward silence
4.
«It’s where you left it,» Jorma told her
5.
In the end, it was left with the Area Manager who would be consulted
6.
That whole area’s redeveloped now, its luxury mid-rises along the river now, well, then, 2148 is when we left
7.
As I had left my Cat Woman suit at home that day, I natural y assumed that these comments were aimed elsewhere
8.
I realized that, God forbid, if that happens sooner rather than later, the information that I have in my head would not be left behind for my children or anyone else
9.
So there you are left in The Waiting Room living a life more akin to
10.
exactly are Frank and the Rottweiler as this was left
11.
“I don’t know about everyone else who’s stayed on, but I left the Militia because I thought it was temporary
12.
“You are probably one of the few decent ones left in the city
13.
Her carved keda rider and a couple pretty stones were left behind
14.
· There’s nothing left to learn the hard way
15.
There was a gauze left on the bed, but he thought it was Ava’s
16.
There was still a good chance that her packet hadn’t even left Sinbara and Jorma struggled up the path to the house and then down the street to the town side of north island
17.
«Venna left,» Jorma told him, looking down at his cup and remembering that he hadn’t been to that sex club since
18.
«Oh she let me know she was worth aluminum, I knew she could put up that camp with her left hand, she talked about putting up a whole plank villa
19.
He would keep it, he thought, along with what was left of that aluminum, for his trouble in whatever Tdeshi’s ghosts were up to
20.
«First Kulai left, and now I’m worried that’s what you have on your mind
21.
«Narrulla’s Tear is all that’s left of them
22.
They’re left with chronic pain and limited function that robs them of independence
23.
The mindune clacked its pincers in frustration when she left it
24.
Be aware that even young people may hurt themselves with home appliances or swallow nonfood items such as cleansers if they are left within reach
25.
Anyone can misplace a wallet or keys, then find it by figuring out where they are most likely to have been left
26.
She had not seen Herndon in person since he left for the Gengee, fourteen decades ago by the native calendar, sixty years by Earth’s
27.
He left all his drawers open and all over the walls were fliers, notebook doodles, and movie ticket stubs
28.
He had turned south toward the city center once he left the basin
29.
What’s left is nothing but sterile and lifeless soil
30.
That would have been before Herndon left her and the Kassikan
31.
After I left you I was content with a little place on the prairie, well, not that little, but compared to a nation it was nothing
32.
wonder that was done in the land, God left or withdrew
33.
Since she left them, Nelson and the Colonel have not been seen, neither has Waldeis or Humberto
34.
What was that slut up to? And wasn’t he saying he kept up with what Venna was doing since she left him? He seemed to be a lot more interested in Venna than he was in Ava, and that was a painful thought
35.
As soon as we left, Millie hid under the bathroom sink with a flashlight, waiting for the mermaids
36.
When Gordon’s Lamp left Earth, any vessel such as his would have been impounded on sight, at least in North America
37.
His left hand cups around an imaginary shoulder
38.
Kulai would have every right to leave her belongings in a crate by the door if she left with Herndon
39.
“I left for less than five minutes and my lunch is completely gone!” Ackers whined
40.
“I left my lunch right here, on this very spot
41.
Suddenly, she disappeared, and the only thing left on the displays was the three dimensional map of the building
42.
because thou hast left thy first love
43.
And then Ackers started up again right where he left off, completely oblivious to the tension in the room
44.
» He said that when Mommy left and Gramma died, he was going to find it
45.
Violet Pinkerton would sell her left ovary for a pony
46.
‘Mr Sadler had left his wife alone for the evening to go to a rehearsal of the Town Players – she wasn’t feeling up to going with him because of her pregnancy
47.
This fungus will also grow on the nectar left behind by the sucking insects
48.
«While you cook,» Herndon was saying, «I’ll go down to the boat and do my teeth, I left my stuff down there
49.
We sit there in silence for some minutes after the policemen have left the room
50.
The only part of the computer that was physical was the small, rectangular case he held up in his left hand
51.
When the plants do not have any zinc left they go into immediate stress
52.
Liam had left his putter on the floor; he’d been practicing last night
53.
She passed her hands over his chin, natives either grew full length beards or had their facial hair genetically removed, so this roughness was something she seldom sensed and after the fifty Earth years since he’d left, it moved her in unexpected ways
54.
Basically you apply a small amount of the boric acid onto the rug and then you brush into rug removing any left over dust with a broom
55.
They left the chaos behind as they moved quickly but cautiously up to the ground floor
56.
Three more coppers were left in that city
57.
None of the nearby stores were open yet and there was a soft morning mist that added to the eerie calm that contrasted strongly with all the fighting and explosions they had just left behind
58.
You can add a little bit of soap to the left over soda, etc
59.
He knew that Ackers never left the base, and the chances of him actually coming to Johnny’s house were the same as the chances of the United Order knowing that Johnny Clunker was Johnny B
60.
They’d had sex on the boat already while waiting for the next wagon, he’d commented on how lusty she’d become since he left for the Gengee fourteen decades ago
61.
They were pretty sure when they left there would be little if any life on the planet already
62.
Yet again, I am left with the definite feeling that Liz is popular … I wish I knew her properly … Stephen seems to like her and he is pretty picky when it comes to people generally, and especially women
63.
So who was left to send starships? The Chinese space program fell apart after losing so many sleeperships on the Centorin run
64.
In any case she didn’t have much else left to her; she had to try and escape
65.
» His ship had left Earth a few months before she went into crystal, she had seen the flare of its burner in the sky while she was still in flesh on Earth
66.
He left here about twenty minutes ago so I expect he will be there soon
67.
Frank left for the day with an important lesson etched in his heart
68.
again I hear the sound of my mobile going off … can’t remember where I left it
69.
The pirates cried over the side of the ship as the robot left
70.
There’s an asteroid coming that’s going to leave a crater the size of Lake Entisonggas somewhere on what may be the only planet we humans have left, and you’re still chasing around after that damned shuttlecraft
71.
Peter slept in an old left shoe in an alley, all nustled up next to his ma and pop
72.
When Ma had left for work, Peter talked to the only one who listened in these situations: his pop
73.
Peter left his alley, chin up and face forward
74.
She should stop trying to blame Tdeshi’s hormones and take control of the body Tdeshi left her
75.
He says he left for the rehearsal just after seven and that she was alive then … there is no doubt that he stayed in view of someone the whole time he was at the rehearsal and that Joanna was lying in the garden when he returned home
76.
«You could be excused, doing it to the person who left you to wake up in Dromedia,» she replied
77.
What would she have to get together in the time she had left, if that was all she had left?
78.
The only time that he left
79.
century of crude left in the ground
80.
He needed to consult the map to find his way in from the front, the dock side of Taktor’s yard and found that was all left blank
81.
He wished he had known where they were going before they left so he could have taken the back way
82.
Enoch is fishing just as he was before, just as if he had never left the place
83.
While Emma obtains our refreshments, I tidy up the cups and saucers on the table, piling them onto the tray left beside one of the chairs
84.
’ I said, trying to recall where I left the members’ handbook which gives all the details about opening hours and the like
85.
Some companies simply sell the dust that is left over from manufacturing other products
86.
he was still holding in his left hand
87.
all indicating that a couple had breakfast long ago before they left one morning, never to return
88.
Never should have left
89.
there is nothing left to bestow, so let us call the document a testament or a caution, if
90.
Not that there’s a lot left on top now … just like his father! At least he doesn’t comb a few strands over the top like some men do
91.
may still be what is left of my body in the narrows of the tidal drain
92.
John walks under the starry sky, the waves crashing to shore just to his left
93.
Jurgen and the Mexicans have already left, but Rosita is still standing on the dock
94.
There is hardly any food left and only a little water
95.
He had left Talshi a note in case she came over, but that was not disturbed when he got back for Nightday
96.
We shed a tear or two as I left him on the doorstep in West
97.
«So we’ll grow more in the years we have left
98.
He has left us specific instructions on how to
99.
Theo followed the glance down to the Garda’s left hand
100.
He left without telling him that the last character meant ‘easy to anger’
Complete the sentences below with a verb from the left-hand box, and a particle from the right-hand box, to make phrasal verbs. The meaning of each phrasal verb is explained in brackets at the end of each sentence. Write your answers in the crossword grid on the third page (you will not need to put a gap between the verb and the particle). The first one has been done as an example.
Note that you will need to use some of the verbs and particles more than once, and in some cases you will need to change their form (for example, to past simple). Also note that in some cases, more than one answer may be possible, but only one will fit into the crossword grid.
Verbs
|
back break |
bring build burn |
call |
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cancel |
carry |
cut fall |
fight |
fill |
find |
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gear get |
give |
hand hold |
opt |
phase |
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put run stand |
take turn |
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( = across in the crossword grid, |
= down) |
Particles
across against ahead back behind down in into off on out over up with
|
1 |
Your suggestions sound good. Let’s |
run |
with |
them for a while. (informal: to decide |
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to carry out an idea or project) |
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2 |
The unions are |
the proposed redundancies. (to struggle to try to overcome |
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something) |
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3 |
The manager tried to |
to the workforce the reasons why some people were |
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being made redundant. (to make someone understand something) |
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4 |
He |
the job he was offered. (to refuse something, such as an offer of help) |
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5 |
There isn’t enough work, so we have to |
some of you |
for the day. (to reduce |
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employee’s hours of work because of shortage of work) |
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6 |
We don’t know if they will agree to our terms, and we won’t |
until next week. |
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(to discover a fact or piece of information) |
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7 |
The workers refused to |
any of their rights. (to hand something to someone, or |
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to lose something, often as the result of pressure from someone) |
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8 |
The new system of pension contributions will be |
over the next two months. (to |
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introduce / bring something in gradually) |
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9 |
We expect negotiations to |
into the night. (to continue) |
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10 |
If she decides to take early retirement, she’ll probably |
her responsibilities to her |
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deputy. (to pass your work responsibilities to someone else) |
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11 |
The management have refused to |
to pressure from the unions. (to yield or to |
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surrender) |
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12 |
After an agreement was reached, the union |
the strike. (to stop a planned course |
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of action or an event) |
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13 |
Mr Smith is currently |
for the chairman, who is ill. (to take someone’s place) |
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14 |
Despite serious personal problems, he has |
the same job for the last six years. |
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(to manage to do a difficult job, usually over a long period of time) |
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15 |
You must |
all the forecasts |
the budget. (to add something to something else that is |
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|
being set up) |
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32
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary
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16 |
The company was |
and separate divisions sold off. (to split something large into |
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small sections) |
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17 |
We may decide to |
the price of some of our brands to help increase demand. |
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(to reduce) |
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17 |
We plan to |
a new model of the car for the motor show. (to produce something |
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new) |
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18 |
Payment will be |
until the contract has been signed. (to wait, to not go forward) |
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19 |
Make sure you don’t make any mistakes when you |
the application form. (to |
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write the required information in the spaces on a form) |
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20 |
Negotiations between management and the unions |
after six hours. (to stop a |
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negotiation, usually because no agreement has been made) |
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20 |
At the meeting, the chairman |
the subject of redundancy payments. (to refer to |
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|
something for the first time) |
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21 |
The company is |
itself |
for expansion into the African market. (informal: to get ready) |
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22 |
We have installed networked computers to |
on paperwork. (to reduce the |
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amount of something used) |
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23 |
Don’t work too hard or you’ll |
yourself |
(informal: to become tired and incapable |
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|
of further work because of stress) |
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24 |
We had to cancel the project when our German partners |
. (to stop being a part |
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of a deal or arrangement) |
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25 |
After several years with the company, she |
a new post with one of our |
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competitors. (to start a new job) |
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26 |
The contract signing was |
because of disagreements over some of the terms |
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and conditions. (to delay) |
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27 |
He |
well in his new job, and was soon promoted. (to succeed) |
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28 |
It’s very important to |
your duties to the best of your ability. (to do what is |
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necessary for your job) |
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29 |
If you complain, you might |
your money |
. (to receive something which you had |
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|
before) |
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30 |
The accounts department |
the draft accounts in time for the meeting. (to |
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produce something) |
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31 |
If you want to |
in your job, you’ll need to show more commitment. (to advance |
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in your career) |
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32 |
The meeting has been |
for two weeks. (to arrange for something to take place |
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later than planned) |
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33 |
We are planning to |
most of our work to freelancers. (to send or give a job to |
someone else, usually not in your company)
|
34 |
Do you think they’ll |
when they realise how hard the project is? (to decide not |
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to do something) |
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35 |
Have the managers agreed to |
more staff for the Witney office? (to employ) |
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36 |
Higher costs have |
the increased sales revenue. (to balance or act against each |
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|
other and so make each other invalid) |
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37 |
In the last six months we have |
our rivals. (to have fewer sales or make less |
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|
profit than another company) |
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33
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary
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For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2) |
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книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary |
PhrasalUnitverbs00002
Match the questions on the left with the most appropriate answers on the right. The answers contain a definition or an explanation of the phrasal verbs in bold on the left.
1.Would you advise against moving the head office to Edinburgh?
2.Did you manage to turn the company round?
3.Do you think the staff will walk out when they hear the news?
4.Did you manage to get through to the complaints department?
5.Shall we put back the meeting until everyone can come?
6.Were the management willing to improve on their previous offer?
7.Would the staff be prepared to hold out for a 10% pay rise?
8.Will we be able to hold him to the contract?
9.Can we clock off yet?
10.Have you taken over the company?
11.Are they hoping to build up a profitable business?
12.Did you sort out the accounts problem with the auditor?
13.Have our reps called in to give us their sales figures.
14.Can we pay you half now, and make up the difference next month?
15.Can we get along all right with only half the staff we had before?
16.Do you think the company will close down its branch in Banbury?
17.Are you worried that our partners will go back on their agreement?
18.Did you get my notice? I handed it in on Tuesday.
19.Can you follow up our proposal as soon as possible?
20.Do you think it’s time that AZ Products were phased out as a supplier of spare parts?
A.Yes, they thought they might be able to do a bit better as long as we were prepared to work harder.
B.Possibly. We’ll stop using them gradually while we start using other sources.
C.Well, we haven’t actually bought it yet, but we’ve made an offer to buy most of the shares.
D.No, we didn’t receive anything in writing.
E.Possibly. It won’t be the first time they’ve not done something that they’ve promised.
F.Yes, I don’t think we should do that for the time being.
G.Well, another £60 a week is an improvement, I suppose, but they won’t want to wait too long.
H.Yes, I’ve had three phone calls already this afternoon.
I.Fine. Credit us with the outstanding balance on your next statement.
J.Well, there has already been some gradual expansion, but it’s going to take time.
K.Of course. We’ll be examining it in detail at the next meeting.
L.Well, I certainly think it’s a good idea to move it to a later date.
M.Yes, it was making a loss, but now it’s a very profitable organisation.
N.I hope so. We’ve been promised that the terms we’ve set out will be honoured.
O.I don’t know, but if they do, that’s the third one they’ll have shut this year.
P.We should manage, although everyone will have to work a bit harder.
Q.Yes, it’s time to leave. Let’s go home.
R.Probably, but we really don’t want everyone to stop working and leave in protest.
S.Yes. Everything has been put in order at last.
T.No, they weren’t answering the phone.
35
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
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ProductionUnit 0000 and operations
Exercise 1: Complete each sentence 1 – 15 with two words to make an expression connected with production and operations. The first word should come from the left-hand box, and the second word should come from the right-hand box. Each sentence is followed by a definition of the expression you need. Use each word once only.
|
assembly capacity finished |
lead |
allocation |
capacity chain |
costs |
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|
manufacturing offshore optimum |
defects |
goods |
line |
materials |
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|
planned |
product |
purchasing |
random |
obsolescence planning |
power |
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|
raw |
resource |
supply |
zero |
production |
recall |
sampling |
time |
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|
1. |
Unless our supplier reduces its |
, we will have to radically change the way we |
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|
operate. (the length of time that lapses between placing an order for something and receiving it) |
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2. |
The recession has led to a drop in overall |
, which means that we will have to |
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|
reduce output on some of our less popular lines. (the quantity of goods or services which can be bought |
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|
by a group of people, a sector, an organisation, etc) |
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3. |
We are currently operating at |
, which means that we can afford to keep |
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|
prices lower for our clients. (the most efficient level of production or output, with the result that production |
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|
costs are kept to a minimum) |
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|
4. |
She works on an |
in a factory that makes electronic goods. (a production system |
where a product moves slowly through a factory as new parts are added to it)
5.We do not allow visitors to come onto the factory floor, but you can view our range of
in the showroom. (complete products that are ready to sell)
6. The company had to put out a to its customers when several potentially
dangerous faults were discovered. (the removal from sale of an item that might be dangerous to the people who have bought it)
7.We will be unable to compete successfully in the domestic market unless we reduce our costs by
|
taking advantage of |
. (the manufacture of goods in another country for import to the |
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|
domestic market) |
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|
8. |
Our company builds |
into most of its electronic products, so that our customers |
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|
are forced or obliged to update them more often. (designing products so that they have a limited lifespan |
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|
and so need to be replaced more often) |
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|
9. |
We make packaging for frozen food, and are an important part of the |
for the |
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|
industry. (the manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, etc, who make, deliver and sell products to |
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|
customers) |
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10. |
None of our products are allowed to leave the factory unless there are |
present. |
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|
(having no faults) |
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|
11. |
Without effective |
, we will not be able to produce enough goods to keep up |
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|
with demand. (assigning people and machines to projects in a way that optimises production and results) |
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|
12. |
The manufacture of most items relies on a reliable source of |
such as wood, |
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|
iron ore or crude petroleum. (basic items which have to be treated in some way before they can be used) |
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|
13. |
If |
can be kept to a minimum, we can keep market prices at a minimum. (the |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
money needed to make a product) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
36
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary
Unit 0000
14.We don’t check every item before we send it for sale. We usually find that
gives us a good idea of quality. (testing a few items from one batch of products before they are sent for sale)
15. Our company takes very seriously: we never start a project without working out
how many people it will need, and the equipment they will require. (measuring the amount of work that can be done within a certain amount of time, and how many people, machines, etc, it will need)
Exercise 2: Look at the definitions in sentences 1 – 16, and decide what is being described in each case. The words you need are in the box (you will need to use some of these words more than once). There are 8 words that do not match any of the definitions.
Write your answers in the appropriate space in the table on the next page. In cases where more than one word is needed, do not put any gaps between those words in the table. If you complete it correctly, you will reveal a three-word expression in the shaded vertical column that refers to a production system where work is split up into clearly defined tasks and areas of responsibility.
|
and |
backlog |
bar |
batch |
centralised |
continuous |
coding |
demand |
|||||
|
development |
down |
error |
first |
global goods |
in |
improvement |
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|
intermediate |
just logistics |
made |
maintenance |
margin |
of |
operating |
||||||
|
order |
out |
outsourcing |
packaging |
parts |
preventive |
pricing |
production |
|||||
|
research |
sourcing |
spare |
stockout |
supplier |
supply |
time |
to |
|||||
1.The process of attaching machine-readable lines on a product, product part or package, which can then be read by a computer. (2 words)
2.The task of managing the movement, storage and processing of materials and information in a supply chain. (1 word)
3.The servicing of factory machines and other equipment that is carried out before a fault develops. (2 words)
4.Goods that are bought for use in the production of other products. (2 words)
5.A situation where a particular component or part has been used up and has not been replenished (often as a result of poor inventory control). (1 word)
6.A period during which a machine is not available because it is being serviced or has broken down. (2 words)
7.An allowance made for the possibility of mistakes (for example, a miscalculation in a calculation) (3 words)
8.A production system in which goods are made or purchased just before they are needed. (3 words)
9.An item that is produced in response to the request of a particular client or customer. (3 words)
10.A method of stock control in which the stock of a product in store is used before more recently produced or purchased stock. (4 words)
11.The amount of goods available for sale and the level of consumer need for those goods. (3 words)
12.Finding out facts and information before making a new product, or improving a current one. (3 words)
13.A contract in which the supplier charges the customer the same price for delivery of goods anywhere in the world. (2 words)
37
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
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Unit 0000
14.The practice of obtaining services from other companies rather than using in-house services (including production services) (1 word)
15.Making production processes and products better over a period of time in order to increase quality and reduce waste. (2 words)
16.Pieces of machinery that are used to replace parts of a machine that are broken or faulty. (2 words)
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1 |
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2 |
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3 |
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4 |
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5 |
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6 |
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7 |
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8 |
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9 |
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10 |
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11 |
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12 |
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13 |
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14 |
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15 |
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16 |
Exercise 3: Here are some more word pairs associated with production and operations. Match a word on the left with its ‘partner’ on the right. There are two words on the left that do not have a partner.
|
automatic |
assembly |
|
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batch |
||
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book |
||
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buffer |
||
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capacity |
||
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bottleneck |
||
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control |
||
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buying |
||
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centralised |
floor |
|
|
cluster |
forwarder |
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contract |
line |
|
|
forward |
manager |
|
|
freight |
manufacturing |
|
|
list |
price |
|
|
order |
production |
|
|
paced |
purchasing |
|
|
quality |
sampling |
|
|
shop |
scheduling |
|
|
surplus |
stock |
|
|
warehousing |
||
38
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
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Recruitment 1: Job advertisingUnit0000
Complete the conversation with words or expressions from the box.
|
advance |
application |
basic salary |
benefits |
candidate |
colleagues |
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commencing |
commission |
covering letter CV |
drive (noun) experience |
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incentive |
increment interview leading (adjective) |
motivate |
post |
qualified |
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|
relocation allowance responsibilities |
rewards package |
team |
vacancy |
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Sandra: |
What are you reading? |
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Terry: |
I’m looking at the jobs pages in the paper. There’s something here I like the sound of. |
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|
Modus International, a 1.__________ supplier of car parts, has a 2. __________ for |
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|
the 3. __________ of Sales Manager in their Brighton office. |
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Sandra: |
That sounds like your kind of job. When does it begin? |
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Terry: |
Let me see. Er, 4. __________ April 1st, it says here. That’s in three weeks’ time. |
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Sandra: |
You’d better get your 5. __________ in, if you’re interested. What else does it say |
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|
about the job? |
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Terry: |
It says that the successful 6. __________ should be suitably 7. __________ and |
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|
should have had extensive 8. __________ in sales management. |
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Sandra: |
That sounds perfect. You’ve got a University degree in Business Management, and |
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|
you’ve been working in sales for more than five years. |
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Terry: |
I suppose so. It also says that he or she should be able to work as part of a |
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|
9. __________, and should have 10. __________ and the ability to 11. __________ |
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|
and inspire his or her 12. __________. |
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Sandra: |
Well, that’s great! You’ve always got on with the people you work with, and |
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|
everyone is always saying how you’re able to encourage people to work harder. |
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Terry: |
That’s true. It also says that the 13. __________ include liaising with colleagues |
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|
around the country, training new staff and presenting a full report to the board of |
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|
directors twice a year. |
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Sandra: |
It all sounds quite good. What’s the company offering in return? |
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Terry: |
The 14. __________ they’re offering looks |
very |
attractive. |
It includes a |
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15. __________ of £25000 per annum… |
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Sandra: |
What does that mean? |
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Terry: |
Well, that’s the minimum amount of money that you can earn during the year. In |
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|
addition to that, they’re offering 10% 16. __________ on all sales made. |
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Sandra: |
Well, that’s a good 17. __________. The more you work, the more you sell. |
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And the more you sell, the more money you’ll make! |
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Terry: |
Exactly. There’s also a guaranteed annual 18. __________ of £1500, and a |
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|
19. __________ of £2500. |
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Sandra: |
What’s that for? |
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Terry: |
To pay me for moving to the area, finding somewhere to live, and so on. Oh, and |
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|
there are other 20. __________, such as a company car, free medical and dental |
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|
insurance and free meals in the canteen. It also says that there is room to |
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|
21. __________, so I might end up with an even better job within the company. |
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Sandra: |
So what should you do if you’re interested in applying for the job? |
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Terry: |
It says I should send my 22. __________, together with a 23. __________, to their |
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|
head office in Sheffield. If the company is interested, they’ll contact me to arrange an |
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|
24. __________ at one of their offices nearer home. |
||||||||||
39
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
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RecruitmentUnit 0000 2: The recruitment process
This text about the recruitment process below has been divided into three parts. Complete each part with the words and expressions in the boxes. The first answer for each part has been done for you. Some of the words and expressions have already appeared in Recruitment 1 on the previous page.
Part 1
|
affirmative recruitment |
applicants |
appointments |
benefits |
description |
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|
disabilities discrimination equal opportunities |
experience |
externally |
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institutional agency |
increments |
internally job centres |
journals |
leave |
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personal qualities |
private recruitment agency |
qualifications |
recruit |
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|
recruitment agency |
rewards |
situations vacant |
staff |
vacancy |
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|
When a company or organisation has a 1. vacancy for a job, and it needs to 2. |
a new |
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|
member of 3. |
, it usually advertises the post. It does this 4. |
(for example, in the |
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|
company magazine or on a company notice board) or 5. |
, either in the 6. |
or |
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|
7. |
section of a newspaper, in specialist trade 8. |
or through a 9. |
which helps people to find employment. There are two main types of agency. The first of these is the
10., usually found in a school or university. These work closely with employers to let potential
employees know about the jobs that are on offer (also included in this category are 11. , which
are provided by the state, and which can be found in most main towns in Britain and other countries).
|
The second is the 12. |
, which are independent companies, and employers have to pay these |
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|
agencies for each employee they successfully provide. |
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A job advertisement has to give an accurate 13. |
of the job and what it requires from the |
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14. |
(the people who are interested in the post). These requirements might include |
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15. |
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(academic, vocational and professional), work 16. |
in similar lines of work, |
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and certain 17. |
(for example, it might say that you need to be practical, professional and have |
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|
a sense of humour). The advertisement will also specify what 18. |
(basic salary, commission, |
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regular 19. |
, etc) and 20. |
(paid 21. |
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|
, free medical insurance, company |
car, etc) the company can offer in return. The advertisement must be careful it does not break
|
employment laws concerning sex and racial 22. |
: some companies emphasise in their job |
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|
advertisements that they are 23. |
employers (or 24. |
employers in the USA), which |
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|
means that they will employ people regardless of their sex, skin colour, religion, 25. |
, etc. |
Part 2
|
application |
aptitude |
board |
candidates covering |
CV |
|
|
group-situational |
health screening |
in-basket |
introduction |
medical |
|
|
one-to-one |
pre-selection |
psychometric |
short-list turn down |
||
40
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary
Unit 0000
|
The job advertisement will usually ask people interested in the post to send their 1. |
CV |
with |
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|
a 2. |
letter or a letter of 3. |
, or they will ask people to write or call for an 4. |
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|
form. The managers of the company will look at these, and go through a 5. |
procedure, |
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|
where they choose or 6. |
applicants. They then prepare a 7. |
of possible 8. |
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: these are the people who will then be invited for an interview. Interviews usually take one of two
forms. The first is the 9. interview, with one applicant and one employer talking together. The second is the 10. interview, with one applicant being interviewed by several people at once.
There may also be tests to see whether the applicant is suitable for the post. There are several of these, including 11. tests (which consider psychological aspects of the applicant), 12.
tests, (which test the applicant’s skills and knowledge, and his / her potential for acquiring more skills
|
and knowledge), 13. |
tests (where several applicants are put into an imaginary situation |
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|
and decide how to deal with it), and 14. |
tests (in which an applicant has to deal with a |
number of imaginary tasks similar to those s/he would face in the job). Applicants may also have to go
|
for a 15. |
test (also called a 16. |
) to see whether they are healthy enough to do |
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|
their job. |
Part 3
appearance circumstances disposition fixed-term follow-up
|
induction programme |
intelligence interests offered open-ended |
|
potential probationary |
references seven-point plan skills temporary |
Many employers use a 1. seven-point plan when they recruit for a new post. They look at different
|
aspects of the applicant to decide whether or not s/he has the correct 2. |
for the job. These |
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|
include physical 3. |
(for example, is the applicant smart and well-presented?), educational |
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|
qualifications, general 4. |
, special 5. |
, hobbies and outside 6.________, mental |
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and emotional 7. |
and family 8. |
. |
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|
If a candidate gets through the above stages, s/he will be asked to provide 9. |
from people |
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|
who know him / her, and if these are positive, s/he is then 10. |
the post. Before s/he |
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|
actually starts working, s/he may go through an 11. |
to learn more about the company and |
the post. Sometimes, s/he may be given a 12.________ contract and have to complete a 13.
period, where the employers make sure that s/he is suitable for the job before being offered an 14. or 15. contract. After s/he has been with the company for a while, there might be a 16. session, to assess how s/he is getting on in the post.
41
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
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RecruitmentUnit 0000 3: Contract of employment and job description
Exercise 1: In this contract of employment, there are a lot of vocabulary mistakes. Either a word is spelt incorrectly, the form of the word is wrong, or a wrong word has been used. Identify and correct these words. Some of the mistakes occur more than once in the contract.
|
1. |
Term and conditionals of employment |
|||||
|
2. |
Name of employ: |
|||||
|
Dilligaf Toys plc |
||||||
|
3. |
Name of employed: |
Sarah Ramus |
||||
|
4. |
Job titel: |
Regional Production Manager. |
||||
|
5. |
Job descriptive: |
To oversee the work of the Production Department. |
||||
|
6. |
Job locally: |
. |
Head Office, London. Branches in South and South-East. |
|||
|
7. |
Celery: |
£35,000 per anum (payable monthly in rears) |
||||
|
8. |
Started date: |
1 August 2007. |
||||
|
9. |
Hours of labour: |
Full time. 9.00 – 5.00 Monday until Friday. |
||||
|
10. |
Undertime: |
Extra hours worked will be paid at the normal hourly rat. |
||||
|
. |
. |
Saturdays will be paid at time x 1 ½, Sundays at time x2. |
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|
11. |
Holiday enticement: |
21 days per anum, plus bank holidays. |
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|
12. |
Absent from work: |
. |
If for any reason you cannot come to work, you should |
|||
|
. |
telephone the central manager as soon as possible. |
|||||
|
13. |
Pension sceme: |
The company operates its own pension sceme which is |
||||
|
. |
open to all employs. |
|||||
|
14. |
Dissiplinary and |
Information on these procedures are provided in the |
||||
|
g |
grieving procedures: |
staff handybook, together with information on all |
||||
|
. |
company police. |
|||||
|
15. |
Probbation: |
. |
All appointments are subjective to three months’ |
|||
|
. |
probbation, during which time employees may be |
|||||
|
. |
terminated with two weeks’ note on either side. |
|||||
|
16. |
Terminator: |
After successful completion of the probbation period, |
||||
|
. |
the note period will be three months. |
|||||
|
17. |
Referrals: |
All apointments are subject to satisfactory referrals. |
||||
|
18. Singed |
Sarah Ramus |
Date: |
21 June 2007 |
|
Exercise 2: Read this informal discussion, in which the person who signed the contract in Exercise 1 is telling their friend about their new job. Complete the gaps with an appropriate word or expression from the box. Some of these words appeared in Exercise 1.
42
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary
Unit 0000
|
accountability |
agree |
based |
branches |
commission |
consult |
deal with |
||||||
|
delegate |
departments |
ensure |
evaluate |
full-time |
head office |
hours inspect |
||||||
|
key responsibilities |
leave (noun) |
negotiate |
nine to five |
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Hi, Sarah. How’s the new job going? |
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Oh, not too bad. I’m still trying to find my feet, though. |
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Tell me a bit about it. |
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Well, my official job ___________ is Regional Production Manager, which means that my |
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main ___________ is to ___________ the work of the production department. |
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Where are you ___________? |
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Most of my work is done at the ___________ in central London, but I also have to |
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spend time at our various ___________ and ___________ in the area. There are |
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several of these in the South and South-East. |
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Who do you ___________? |
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The Central Production Manager. Tom Atkinson, his name is. I’ve only met him a couple of |
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times, but he seems nice enough. We meet once a month to |
___________ each other on |
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major issues. We ___________ the current state of production, and I ___________ any |
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changes that I think need to be made |
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And what about the ___________? |
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Pretty typical for this kind of job. I’m on a ___________ contract, which means I work from |
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Monday to Friday, ___________. And occasionally I have to go in at the weekend, too. I get |
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21 days___________ a year, plus bank holidays. |
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Not bad. And your ___________? If you don’t mind me asking? |
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No, not at all. I get £35,000 ___________, plus expenses, ___________ for reaching |
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targets, overtime pay and so on. |
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That’s pretty good for a job that just involves checking things are running smoothly. |
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Well, there’s more to my job than just that. I do have several other ___________. |
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Such as? |
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First of all I have to ___________ product specifications with sales departments and time |
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schedules with the stock control department. Then I need to ___________ that the |
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product is manufactured according to agreed specifications, and I also have to |
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___________ the quality of the finished product. |
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That’s all? |
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No. I also need to ___________ with our suppliers on prices for our base materials, |
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materials… |
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Do you have a car for that? |
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Oh yes, the company provides me with one. I also have to ___________ problems as they |
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arise on a day-to-day basis, and ___________ regular sales reports for the Directors. |
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Anything else? |
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Well, on top of everything else, I’m ___________ for managing 10 machinists, 3 trainees, 2 |
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cleaners and 2 security guards. |
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That sounds like a lot of work for one person. Can you ___________ any of it? |
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Unfortunately no. I have to do it all myself! |
43
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary
SalesUnit 0000and marketing 1
In the following sentences, the enthusiastic marketing manager of a mobile phone company is telling her team about the company’s latest model of mobile phone. However, each sentence contains a spelling mistake. Identify and correct the word in each case.
1.Everybody says that the market for mobile phones is very cowded, and there is no more room or demand for new products.
2.However, we believe we’ve found a nich in the market for something a little bit different: a mobile phone with an infra-red camera that lets you see in the dark. Impressive, eh?
3.However, this isn’t its only uniqe selling point.
4.It also has a huge range of other feachures, including a built-in navigation system, a scanner, a photo-editing suite, a dictionary and translator and even a thermometer.
5.We call it the ‘Ultimafone®’, and we’ve just applied for a patient so that no-one else can copy it.
6.It was conceived by our inovative designs team, led by the brilliant Kevin Anorak.
7.We plan to lunch it early in the New Year.
8.You’ll find the ‘Ultimafone®’ on page 1 of our latest mobile phones brocure.
9.As you can see, it’s the ultimate must-have opmarket accessory.
10.We made the decision to start making it after extensive reserch into what people wanted from a mobile phone in the 21st century.
11.Of course, we won’t sell many without a great deal of advertiseing.
12.As a result, we’re starting a major campain to let the public know all about it.
13.We’re going to premote the ‘Ultimafone®’ any way we can.
14.There are going to be comercials on all of the main radio stations and television channels.
15.In fact, we’re hoping to get at least five spouts on each of the major channels during prime-time viewing.
16.All the daily newspapers and major magazines will carry full-page advertisments.
17.There will be plenty of product pacement in some of the biggest films of the year.
18.You won’t be able to walk down the street without seeing one of our giant billyboards.
19.And you won’t even be able to visit the Internet without our plop-ups coming up on your screen all the time!
20.We’re also going to send mailshoots to everyone who has ever bought one of our phones in the past.
21.And naturally we’ll be making some sponsership deals with some of the country’s major sporting teams.
22.If we’re lucky, we might even get a famous rock star, actor or sports personality to endoarse it for us.
23.After all, you can’t beat an opinon leader for really helping to make a new product take off successfully.
44
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary
Unit 0000
24.There will also be big posters at every pont of sale (including department stores and music stores).
25.In fact, there probably won’t be a single major retale outlet anywhere in the country that doesn’t sell the ‘Ultimafone®’!
26.Our expert sales team — that’s you — will be there to give potential customers your pich and persuade them that the ‘Ultimafone®’ is just what they need.
27.There will be lots of special offers, including miscounts on phone and talk-time packages.
28.There will also be lots of giveways: free hands-free kits, free phone covers, free ringtones, and so on.
29.Sales won’t just be limited to the dommestic market.
30.We believe that the ‘Ultimafone®’ will really catch on in the expot market as well.
31.In fact, our overseas raps are already packing their suitcases and booking their flight tickets.
32.Eventually we hope to have the ‘Ultimafone®’ made under franshise in mainland Europe, the Far East and South America.
33.We’re so confident of the reliability of the ‘Ultimafone®’ that they will all carry a free 3- year guarantea.
34.That’s not bad, considering the where and tear that can be expected from the customers on an item such as this.
35.You might also like to know that in addition to the phone itself, there will be a whole range of ‘Ultimafone®’ merchantizing, including ‘Ultimafone®’ T-shirts, ‘Ultimafone®’ trainers and even ‘Ultimafone®’ biscuits!
36.They will all carry the soon-to-be famous ‘Ultimafone®’ brant name.
37.They will all display a distinctive ‘Ultimafone®’ loco.
38.And they will all come in an attractive, instantly-recognisable ‘Ultimafone®’ pakaging.
39.Our latest cattalog has the whole range!
40.We think it’s the best invention since the microchip, although obviously some people will tell you that it’s just hyp, and we’re making a lot of fuss about nothing.
41.They’ll say that the ‘Ultimafone®’ is nothing more than a fat, and that this time next year nobody will want one!
42.However, I just know it will sell well, and I bet our competiton is getting really worried!
43.In the war for new customers, we’re going to tramp them!
44.However, we mustn’t be too complacent. We will be trucking our buying public over the next year or so to see how they react to the ‘Ultimafone®’.
45.So get out there, and canvince as many people as possible that the ‘Ultimafone®’ is the only mobile phone they’ll ever need!
Also see Sales and marketing 2 on the next page.
45
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
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SalesUnit 0000and marketing 2
Rearrange the letters in bold in these definitions and explanations to make words connected with sales and marketing. Then write these words in the appropriate space in the grid. If you do this correctly, you will reveal a three-word idiomatic expression in the shaded vertical strip that marketing people use to describe people who are easy marketing targets because they are already thinking of buying a product or service.
1.The process of a product going out of date because of progress in design or technology, and therefore becoming less useful or valuable, is known as bencsoslecoe.
2.moonPtior is the means of conveying the message about a product or service to potential customers (for example, publicity, a sales campaign, television commercials, etc).
3.ehlaWoles is a word referring to the business of buying goods from manufacturers and selling them in large quantities to retailers, who then sell in smaller quantities to the public.
4.magencrkhiBn is the system of measuring the performance of a company against the performance of other companies in the same sector.
5.Unsolicited mail advertising, and especially email advertising, is known as amsp (named after a famous American brand of tinned meat).
6.The transfer of rights to manufacture or market a particular product to another individual or organisation through a legal arrangement or contract is called niligesnc.
7.The brand name of a product that is recognised around the world is known as a boglla brand.
8.A ephlrsadei is a retail outlet distributing, selling and servicing products (especially cars) on behalf of a manufacturer.
9.A wdorknma is the reduction of the price of something to less than its usual price.
10.When a new product or service is tested on a small group of consumers in order to try to find out the reactions of a larger group of consumers, this is known as pigslman.
11.The adding of new types of products to the range already made is known as avidfictionsier.
12.mingerkeaTlet is the selling of a product or service by telephone.
13.An organisation that delivers products to retailers on behalf of a manufacturer is called a isorditbtru.
14.A eberife is an informal word for a product or service that is given away, usually to encourage people to buy a bigger product or service, or to advertise that product or service (for example, a pen with the company name on).
15.In radio, television and cinema advertising, tamirei is the amount of time given to an advertisement.
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Also see Sales and marketing 3 on the next page.
46
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
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Sales and marketingUnit00003
Match each definition in sentences 1 – 32 with an appropriate word ‘pair’ connected with sales and marketing. The first word of each pair can be found hidden in the top box, and the second word can be found hidden in the bottom box. These words can be found by reading from left to right ( ), and / or from top to bottom ( ). The first one has been done as an example.
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1.An increase in the attractiveness to customers of a product or service which is achieved by adding something to it (for example, a computer might come with pre-loaded software, a printer, scanner, etc). = added value
2.A large exhibition and meeting for advertising and selling a specific type of product.
3.A long-term customer preference for a particular product or service (for example, someone who always buys Mazda cars because he thinks they are better than other cars on the market).
4.A carefully selected representative range of consumers used for the purposes of providing feedback on likes and preferences.
5.To reach the point at which revenue (the amount of money received for selling something) is equal to the costs of production.
47
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
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Unit 0000
6.A system that gives incentives to customers to continue using the same shop or service (for example, by collecting points that they can redeem on future purchases).
7.A competition between companies to get a larger market share by cutting prices.
8.Machines which are used in the kitchen, such as washing machines, refrigerators, etc.
9.An organisation that specialises in planning, creating and implementing direct mail campaigns for clients.
10.A marketing technique that promotes and emphasises a product’s difference from other products of a similar nature.
11.The activity of looking after customers so that they do not become dissatisfied.
12.A telephone call or sales visit where the sales person has no appointment and the client is not an established customer.
13.Actions taken by an organisation to protect itself when unexpected events or situations occur that could threaten its success or continued operation (for example, a competitor selling a better product at a lower price).
14.The regular customers of an organisation or professional person.
15.The selling of goods or services through a linked group of self-employed agents or representatives.
16.An item in a shop that is sold below cost price in order to attract customers into the shop.
17.A prediction of future sales based mainly on past sales performance.
18.A two-word adjective used to describe a sales technique in which a customer is forced to buy something that he / she does not really want.
19.The level of recognition that consumers have of a company name (or its products) and its specific category (for example, most people know that McDonalds® sell fast food, especially burgers).
20.The practice of building up and keeping contacts with customers, clients, the general public, etc.
21.A product or service which sells the most in a market.
22.A sheet giving news about something (for example, a new product) which is sent to newspapers and television and radio stations so that they can use the information.
23.A two-word adjective used to describe a product or service for which sales remain constant no matter what its price because it is essential to buyers.
24.The ending of the manufacture and sale of a product.
25.The safeguarding of customers’ interests in terms of quality, price and safety.
26.A group of manufacturers or suppliers who visit another country to increase export business.
27.An idea which a company would like the public to have of it.
28.The establishment of price levels in a market by a dominant company or brand.
29.The people to whom a company is planning to sell its goods or services.
30.A sales promotion technique in which customers are offered a ‘free gift’.
31.The name of a store which is used on products which are specially packed (and sometimes produced) for that store.
32.Using your knowledge of your customers in order to determine the corporate strategy of your company or organisation.
48
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
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Similar meaningsUnit1: Nouns0000
Exercise 1: Look at sentences 1 – 22. These can either be completed with a word from box A or a word with a similar meaning from box B. Identify both the words that could be used. In some cases, you will need to add an -s to one or both of the words when you put them into the sentence.
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acclaim |
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decline |
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employment evidence |
meeting |
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option order patron personnel praise |
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work |
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1.We have a very busy __________ / __________ today, so I suggest we start as soon as possible.
2.After two financially disastrous years, the company went into __________ / __________ .
3.We need to maintain __________ / __________ on the factory floor at all times, otherwise there are increased risks of an accident occurring.
4.Several employees were made redundant following EZPrint’s __________ / __________ of Colourcom.
5.There has been a sharp __________ / __________ in the number of people attending the staff development sessions.
6.The latest computer program has several __________ / __________ which need to be sorted out before it can be put onto the market.
7.There has been a lot of __________ / __________ to the new compulsory overtime plan.
8.Despite government reassurances, there is no __________ / __________ that standards of living have improved.
9.Repeated orders are eligible for a 10% __________ / __________ on wholesale prices.
10.The hotel is popular with business people because of its __________ / __________ to the central business district.
11.I can’t see you this afternoon because I have a / an __________ / __________ with the Board of Directors.
12.A lot of our regular __________ / __________ say that they are unhappy with the speed of our service.
13.When the company begins operations, it hopes to provide __________ / __________ for 300 people.
14.There are several __________ / __________ to working from home: you save on travel costs, for one thing.
15.If you want the job, a working knowledge of German is one of the main __________ / __________.
16.Our latest range of language-learning products has received widespread __________ /
__________ in the press, and is expected to help us become a market leader.
17.The company __________ / __________ state(s) that no employee can leave his or her work station without asking for permission.
18.The management accepts no __________ / __________ for any damage to vehicles in the car park.
19.There are two __________ / __________ available to us: close the company or move to another locality.
20.All __________ / __________ are requested to attend tomorrow’s meeting, which will begin at 2pm.
21.Thanks to our __________ / __________ with several affiliated companies, we have increased our turnover by 37%.
22.We believe that the new manager’s lack of __________ / __________ will have a negative effect on sales.
49
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
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Unit 0000
Exercise 2: Instructions as above.
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1.Our latest range of products has received several favourable __________ / __________ in the press, and should be a firm favourite with the 18 – 24 age group.
2.Our latest model is excellent, but without adequate __________ / __________, we won’t make enough to cover production costs.
3.__________ / __________ are requested not to smoke in the restaurant.
4.The hotel has several room __________ / __________, including five family rooms and two honeymoon suites.
5.Poor long-term sales figures resulted in the __________ / __________ of the contract and the closure of two offices.
6.If you leave the company, you will lose your __________ / __________ to a share of the profits.
7.We would very much appreciate having somebody of your __________ / __________ working for us: you would be of great benefit to the company.
8.We called in a health and safety __________ / __________ to examine the building for any potential problems.
9.He was given the __________ / __________ of dealing with the press and keeping the public informed about new developments.
10.The new manager has a strange __________ / __________ that all employees are potentially dishonest.
11.She hasn’t reached the required level of __________ / __________ in typing, and will have to repeat that section of the training course.
12.His promotion to director was a remarkable __________ / __________ for someone so young.
13.The bank gave us a / an __________ / __________: pay back the money or face immediate closure.
14.Despite several changes to the pay structure, there is still a __________ / __________ in pay between graduate trainees and non-graduates.
15.All __________ / __________ from the sale of the building will be re-invested in the company.
16.We advise you to read the __________ / __________ of the contract carefully, and contact us if you disagree with any of the points covered.
17.If you have any __________ / __________, please ask a member of staff.
18.Selfwood’s operates several __________ / __________ where you can buy a selection of our own goods along with a large range of branded varieties.
19.We had hoped that everything would run smoothly, but unfortunately there have been several
__________ / __________.
20.Our __________ / __________ is to wait for prices to fall before putting the product onto the market.
21.Advertising is currently our main concern, and it should take __________ / __________ over everything else.
22.Is it necessary to make any __________ / __________ to the plan, or should we keep it as it is?
50
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
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Similar meaningsUnit2: Verbs0000
Look at the words and expressions in italics, and then rearrange the letters in bold that follow each expression to make a word with the same or a similar meaning in the same context. Use these words to complete the crossword on the next page.
Across ( )
(4)Help a customer. ssaits
(9)Agree to do something. nnscoet
(11)Make something clearer. aylrifc
(12)Book a restaurant table. veerres
(13)Control a process or activity. ergateul
(14)Examine information in detail. alseyan
(16)Collect information. tgaehr
(17)Speak to an audience. rsedsad
(24)Choose something. celste
(26)Produce or make good sales of a product. ereengat
(28)Manage or organise a department. stainierdm
(30)Verify something is true. nmfcori
(33)Examine financial accounts. duita
(34)Give information or instructions to your staff. erbfi
(35)Tell somebody about an event that has happened. taeler
(37)Measure the effect of something. nafytqui
(39)Remove something from a sum of money. cdutde
(41)Require somebody to do something. lbioeg
(42)Increase your area of operations. iwned
(43)Take on new staff. mleyop
Down ( )
(1)Finish making plans for something. ilifsena
(2)Suggest something without saying it directly. yplim
(3)Ask somebody for advice. ucsotnl
(4)Make a process go faster. aeclrcteae
(5)Deal with a problem. leahdn
(6)Keep something for future use. etrina
(7)Come to an interview. teadnt
(8)Give or take a message to somebody. ecvyon
(9)Make up for something you have done wrong. pensacteom
(10)Reveal information to somebody. esolcsid
(12)Settle an argument or disagreement. veslroe
(15)Replace something with something similar. tetubstsui
(18)Firmly tell somebody your terms and conditions. tadteic
(19)Firmly state your opinion. sraset
(20)Promote a product. tiarseedv
(21)Prevent a strike from taking place. rvate
(22)Use up all your resources. etdeepl
(23)Recover lost money or property. airclem
(25)Approve of a decision. oresend
(27)To not allow smoking in a public place. hpobitir
(29)Have an effect on someone or something. ncfiunlee
(31)Give a contract to a company. radwa
(32)Try to do a difficult job. ptetmat
(36)Check facts to see if they are true. scenraiat
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(38) |
Obtain or get information uciraqe |
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(40) |
Account for something that has happened. pixlnae |
51
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
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Unit 0000
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Note that using a word with a similar meaning to another word does not always mean using that word in exactly the same way. For example: you can ‘prevent a strike from taking place‘ or you can ‘avert a strike‘ (not ‘avert a strike from taking place‘); you can ‘suggest something without saying it directly‘ or you can ‘imply something‘ (not ‘imply something without saying it directly‘). In these examples, the words at the end are not necessary because their meaning is carried in the main verb. This is one reason why you should always record words in context, and with an example that shows how they are used, so that when you use them yourself, you use them correctly.
Also note that some of these verbs can be used in more than one way. For example, you can convey a message to someone, or you can convey goods from one place to another.
52
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
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Similar meanings 3: AdjectivesUnit0000
Exercise 1: Match the words and expressions in bold in sentences 1 – 20 with words with the same or a similar meaning. These words can be found in the box by reading from left to right, and from right to left, in the direction of the arrows. However, the words in the box are not in the same order as the sentences they match.
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1.We’ve carried out a comprehensive audit of our accounts, but haven’t found any irregularities.
2.Regular government health and safety inspections are compulsory.
3.Despite several USP’s* in our latest range, we can expect to face some determined competition from our rivals.
4.We are unable to make a decision at this time as we do not have enough information.
5.Your performance has become rather erratic recently, so we were wondering if you might benefit from going on a new training course.
6.I’m not sure why your order was delayed for so long, but I assure you I will carry out a full and detailed investigation.
7.We don’t need to know all the details: try to give us a general idea.
8.She’s a very successful saleswoman, but I don’t think she’s particularly honest and fair with her clients.
9.We have received a number of complaints about impolite sales people in our call centre.
10.Employee access to the office after 6pm is strictly limited and controlled.
11.People enjoy working in our department: the atmosphere in the office is really lively.
12.Our department manager does a good job, although he is often criticised for his old-fashioned business ideas.
13.There are plenty of opportunities for promotion within the company, provided you work hard enough.
14.At the end of her presentation, there were several relevant questions from the audience.
15.This schedule is too rigid. We need a bit of wiggle room** here.
16.The company is unwilling to invest in financially dangerous projects.
17.Free accommodation is provided for our employees. It is simple but adequate.
18.Our profit margin has been very small over the last six months.
19.We were ready to sign the contract when there was a sudden change of plan.
20.There has been a lot of talk of redundancies, so this afternoon’s meeting is very important for all those concerned.
*USP’s: unique selling points.
**wiggle room: an informal expression for time and flexibility.
53
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
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Unit 0000
Exercise 2: Rearrange the letters in bold to make words that have the same or a similar meaning to the words and expressions in italics. Write each word in the table on the right of the page. The shaded letter in each word is the first letter of the next word. The first
one has been done as an example.
1.A likely or possible job applicant. ecivrosppte
2.A product’s lasting appeal. ridugenn
3.Basic computer skills. utadirymren
4.A flourishing IT business. ringvith
5.An optional dress code. taurynlvo
6.A boring and repetitive job. outesdi
7.A constant and continuous price rise. saydte
8.A flow of unrelated ideas. spitdaear
9.A lucrative venture. opritleafb
10.A long meeting. glehnty
11.A small charge for postage and packing. monalin
12.A very important part of something. gainrtel
13.An outstanding presentation. nactexiolep
14.Two well-suited organisations. ticmpbleao
15.An observant secretary. cepetviper
16.A prompt start to a meeting. caputnlu
17.A valid reason for doing something. itemalegit
18.A hardworking staff member. iriustnusod
19.Punitive action. panscdiiylir
20.A creative idea. tivvenein
21.A significant event. naprotimt
22.A contemporary approach to management. omnedr
23.A varied programme of events. viseder
24.A well-run and productive department. fitefince
25.Easily changeable working hours. blleifex
26.An insolvent company. narubptk
54
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
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On the telephoneUnit0000
Exercise 1: Complete these dialogues with words and expressions from the box.
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automated services call back |
camping on the line connect |
convenient |
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cut off dead |
direct line |
engaged |
extension |
get back hang on |
hash |
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hold the line hung up |
junk calls |
message |
on behalf of |
on hold |
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put through |
speaking star |
switchboard tone |
voicemail |
zeroing out |
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Caller: |
Could I speak to Jennifer Thompson in Accounts, please? |
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Receptionist: |
I’m afraid her line is ________ at the moment. Shall I get her to ________ |
you |
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________ (you need one expression for these two gaps)? |
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Caller: |
Oh, hello, could you ________ me ________ (you need one expression for these two |
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gaps) to Ron Atkinson, please? |
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Receptionist: |
Certainly. ________ please. |
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Caller: |
Hello. Adam Harrison, please. |
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Receptionist: |
He’s out of the office, I’m afraid, but I can ________ you and you can leave a |
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________ on his ________, if you like. |
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Caller: |
No, that’s OK. I’ll try again later. When would be a ________ time? |
4.Speaker 1: Oh no, not again!
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Speaker 2: |
What’s up? |
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Speaker 1: |
I’m trying to call my credit card company, and I’ve got one of those stupid ________. |
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Speaker 2: |
Well, try ________. You might get through to a real human being. |
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Speaker 1: |
OK. Oh, the line’s gone ________. I’ve been ________. |
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Answering |
Hello. This is Anthony Roberts. I’m not in the office at the moment, |
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machine: |
but if you leave your name and number after the ________, I’ll ________ to you |
6.Speaker 1: Bob’s been on the phone for ages.
Speaker 2: I know. He’s calling our supplier, but they’ve put him ________. He’s been
________ for over ten minutes!
7.Speaker 1: (Answering the phone) Hello?
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Recorded |
Hello there. I’m Sandy from Moneygrubbers International, and I’m delighted to |
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message: |
tell you that you have been personally selected from a list of literally millions to |
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receive a fantastic travel offer… |
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Speaker 2: |
Who is it? |
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Speaker 1: |
(putting down the phone): Oh, just one of those irritating ________. |
8.Mr Floyd: (Answering the phone) Hello?
Telemarketer: Oh, hello. Could I speak to Mr Floyd, please?
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Mr Floyd: |
________. |
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Telemarketer: |
Good evening, Mr Floyd. I’m Tim Spanner, and I’m calling ________ Superglaze |
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Windows. I was wondering if… |
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Mr Floyd: |
(Says nothing, but puts the phone down) |
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Telemarketer: |
Oh dear. That’s the fifth one who’s ________ on me today. |
55
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary
Unit 0000
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9. |
Caller: |
Hello. Could I have Sarah Knowles’ ________ please? |
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Receptionist: |
Well, actually, she has a ________, which means you can by-pass the ________ the |
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next time you call. If you ________ a moment, I’ll get you her number. |
10.Speaker 1: How do I access my messages on this phone?
Speaker 2: Press zero, then the ________ key. That’s the little asterisk at the bottom of the keypad. Then press zero again, followed by the ________ key.
Speaker 1: Which one’s that?
Speaker 2: The key with the four vertical and horizontal lines crossing one another.
Exercise 2. The popularity of SMS mobile phone text messaging has led to an increase in the use of certain abbreviations to communicate ideas (for example, ‘FYI‘ means ‘For your information‘). Many of these are used by business people, not only in SMS messages, but also in emails and handwritten notes and messages.
Look at these messages, and try to decide what the abbreviations in bold mean. Choose the words you need from the box. You will need to use some words more than once.
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am |
as |
back |
be |
business |
by crying |
eyes fact |
for |
glaze |
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hand |
helps |
hope |
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in |
it |
it’s |
keep |
kidding |
lawyer |
loud |
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matter |
mind |
my |
not |
of on |
only |
opinion |
other |
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possible |
respect |
right |
simple |
soon |
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worth |
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1.We didn’t make a profit last month. AAMOF, we lost almost £8000.
2.I need a reply from you urgently. Please call me ASAP.
3.Must go to a meeting now. BRB.
4.Thanks for sending the contract. BTW, have you received our latest catalogue?
5.I still haven’t received your reply. FCOL, what are you playing at?
6.I’m sorry the boss was so rude to you. FWIW, I think you’ve done a fantastic job.
7.Thanks for lending me your mobile, but I’m afraid I’ve dropped it down the loo.
HHOK! I’ll bring it right back.
8.Here’s the information you asked for (see attachment). HTH.
9.How should I know if our latest advertising campaign has broken the law. IANAL!
10.You asked me what we should do about the fall in sales. IMO, we should meet and discuss this problem face to face.
11.The papers we needed have finally arrived. IOW, we can get on with putting the project together at last.
12.One bit of advice for the report you’re writing: KISS!
13.Have you seen his report? It’s almost 200 pages long. Oh my god, MEGO!
14.This is my project, not yours! Hands off, and MYOB!
15.You could be wrong. OTOH, you’re probably right.
16.WRT your request for a day off next week, I’m afraid my answer is no.
56
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
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UnitTrade0000
Complete the sentences and definitions below with appropriate words, and use these words to complete the crossword grid on the next page. In each case, the first letter of each word you need is in the sentence / definition. The number and arrow after each gap show
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you where to put the word in the grid: = across, |
= down. |
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When you bring goods into a country you i________ (5 |
) them. When you send them out of a country |
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you e________ (15 ) them. |
A group of manufacturers or suppliers who visit another country to increase their sales there is known as a trade d________ (32 ).
C________ (20 ) – also called f________ (26 ) – is a general word for goods which are transported in a ship, plane etc. It is usually carried in a c________ (14 ) (= a very large metal case of a standard size).
A bill of l________ (3 ) is a list of goods being transported, which the transporter gives to the person sending the goods, to show them that the goods have been loaded. The person receiving the goods should receive a p________ (16 ) list, showing them the goods that they should be receiving.
A letter of c________ (21 ) – often abbreviated to L/C – is a document issued by a bank on behalf of a customer authorising payment to a supplier when conditions specified in the document are met.
A p________-________ (24 ) invoice is an invoice sent to a buyer before the goods are sent, so that payment can be made (or so that goods can be sent to a consignee who is not the buyer). (note: write this as one word in your crossword grid: do not leave any spaces)
COD is a payment which is made for goods when they arrive. COD stands for cash on d________ (23 ). A group of goods sent for sale by road, sea or air is called a c________ (9 ).
CIF refers to the price a buyer has to pay for goods which have to be transported. It stands for c________ (28 ), i________ (5 ) and freight.
Goods sent by air are called a________ (31 ). Goods sent by sea are called s________ (33 ).
FOB stand for free on b________ (2 ). It refers to the price a buyer pays a seller for goods. The price includes all the seller’s costs until the goods are on the ship, plane, etc, for transportation.
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Import d________ (11 ) – also sometimes called an import l________ (19 |
) – is a tax which has to |
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be paid on goods coming into a country. A customs t________ (27 |
) is a list of those taxes that must be |
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paid. |
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A person or company which arranges shipping and c________ (29 |
) documents is called a f________ |
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(13 ) agent. |
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If tax on imported goods is not paid, those goods may be i________ (30 |
) (in other words, they are |
kept in a secure w________ (6 ) at or near the p________ (18 ) of entry until that tax is paid).
A c________ (21 ) agent arranges the import and delivery of goods at their port of d________ (10 ).
As soon as goods are allowed into a country by the customs officer, we can say that they have been c________ (1 ).
A record of the international trading position of a country in m________ (34 ) (= goods), excluding invisible trade, is called the b________ (22 ) of trade.
A w________ (4 ) price is a price paid by customers (for example, shops) who buy goods in large quantities. They sell these goods to individual customers (for example, shoppers) at a higher price which is called the r________ (7 ) price. Some offer d________ (17 ) to their customers, which means they pay a little less.
A l________ (25 ) agreement allows a company to market or produce goods or services owned by another company, and is a popular means for a company to penetrate the overseas market.
57
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
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Unit 0000
A q________ (35 ) is a limited amount of a good that can be brought into a country (usually as an incentive for people to buy home-produced versions of that good). This is an example of a trade b________ (12 ).
When goods are sold within one country, they are transported to their place of sale by a d________ (8 ).
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For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2) |
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BusinessUnittravel0000
Exercise 1: Choose the best word(s) or expression(s) to complete these sentences. In some cases, more than one option is possible.
1.(At the airport. A check-in assistant is talking to a passenger) I’m afraid your flight has been cancelled / delayed / crashed / double-booked. It won’t be leaving for another two hours.
2.(At the airport. An angry passenger is talking to her colleague) I don’t believe it. The airline has diverted / overbooked / rerouted / postponed our flight and have told me there are no more seats available for us. We’ll have to wait for the next one.
3.(A business executive is explaining why he prefers to fly business class) Flying business class is much more expensive than flying tourist / coach / economy / club class, but it’s much more comfortable and the food is better.
4.(An announcement is being made at a port) The ship will soon be ready for embarkation / boarding / disembarkation / climbing. Would passengers please ensure they have their tickets ready.
5.(At the airport, an announcement is being made to passengers arriving on a flight) Welcome to London Heathrow Airport. Could we remind transition / transitive / transitory / transit passengers to wait in the lounge until their next flight is ready.
6.(At the airport, an urgent announcement is being made over the PA system) Would the last remaining passenger for flight BZ112 to Thessalonica please proceed immediately to door / entrance / gate / pier 22, where their flight is about to depart.
7.(A travel agent is telling a traveller about his flight) Your flight to Istanbul is one way / indirect / direct / non-stop, so you won’t be landing anywhere else en route.
8.(At the airport, an assistant is helping a passenger to find the right terminal for her flight from London to Belfast)
Terminals 2 and 3 are the terminals for international flights. You need terminal 1 for domesticated / domestic / domesticity / domicile flights.
9.(At the station, an information desk assistant is explaining ticket prices to a passenger who wants to visit a town and return on the same day). A single / simple / one way / one direction ticket to Bradford costs £27.50. A return trip / round-trip / circle-trip / square-trip ticket will cost you £42.
10.(At the bank, a clerk is telling a customer why he can’t take out any more money with his American Express card). I’m really sorry, sir, but you have already exceeded your profit margin / loyalty points / credit limit / commission rates.
11.(On an aircraft, the captain is talking to his passengers) If you need anything during the flight, please do not hesitate to ask one of our cabin staff / gang / team / crew members.
12.(A radio announcement is being made for people travelling to a city for their job) Bad news for expatriates / commuters / immigrants / migrants, I’m afraid. Traffic on the M25 is backed up for12 miles at junction 9.
13.(An article in a magazine is talking about air travel) In a recent survey, Albion International Air Ltd was voted the world’s favourite carrier / airline / airliner / airways for its punctuality, comfort, quality of inflight catering and of course its standards of safety.
14.(A travel agent is explaining insurance policies to a customer) We advise you to take out our comprehensive / adhesive / apprehensive / defensive insurance policy which will cover you against all risks that are likely to happen.
15.(A car hire clerk is helping a customer choose a vehicle) The roads here are so bad and so full of holes that we very much recommend you hire a / an MPV / saloon / 4×4 / van.
59
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
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Unit 0000
Exercise 2: Choose the best word or expression from each pair in bold to complete this text. In some cases, both words / expressions are possible.
There are a few things that the well-prepared business traveller should sort out before they leave the country. First of all, they will need to prepare a / an (1) schedule / itinerary so that they know exactly where they will be and who they will seeing at various times on their (2) voyage / trip. Next, they should check their passport: have they got one, for a start, and is it still (3) validated / valid? Most countries will not let them in if their passport (4) runs out / expires within six months. Secondly, what about a (5) visa / visor? More and more countries require foreign visitors to have one, and this will cost money (and time and effort, too: in some cases, the traveller has to present himself or herself in person at the country’s (6) emmbassy / embassy). Thirdly, they will need to get (7) traveller’s cheques / traveling cheques and / or foreign (8) currancy / currency: if they choose the latter, they need to check the (9) exchange / changing rate to make sure they are getting a favourable (10) deal / bargain, and then in most cases they will need to pay (11) comission / commission / commision to the bank who supplies it. Finally, they should check that they have (12) insurence / insurance / insureance cover, that their (13) vaccinations / vaccinnations / vacinations are up to date, and that their mobile phone will work abroad (and if necessary, make arrangements with their (14) provider / provisor to ensure they can get connected to the (15) network / website when they arrive).
Exercise 3: Now try this quiz.
1.In which places would you check in?
2.You are told that you need to pay an excess baggage charge. What does this mean?
3.At the airport you are told you have been bumped from your flight. What does this mean?
4.You want an upgrade on your flight. What exactly do you want?
5.The flight you have booked includes free transfers. What are these?
6.You are travelling from Greece to the UK. Are you allowed a duty free allowance?
7.What is the correct word in bold in this question: ‘How much is the business class fee / fare from Washington to Rome?’
8.What is an e-ticket?
9.You are flying from Cape Town to London. Would you expect to suffer jet lag?
10.In a hotel, what is the difference between full-board, half-board and bed and breakfast accommodation?
11.In a hotel, what is the difference between a single room, a twin room, a double room and a suite?
12.The hotel you want to stay at insists on charging you the rack rate. What is this?
13.You are in your room in a large international hotel. Which department would you call if you wanted the following?
(a)someone to clean your room, bring you some towels and wash your shirts
(b)to make a general enquiry
(c)to report an electrical or plumbing problem
(d)to help you make a national or international phone call
(e)to have some food brought to your room
(f)to order a taxi or have your luggage taken from or to your room
14.Rearrange the letters in bold to make the names of things you might find in a hotel room (in addition to a bed, of course).
|
rwoarbed feas |
niim rab nlboyac |
ari tincnoniogdi ate dan fceeof fteiliacis |
|
|
nteeIntr scesac |
nori |
snioleitev |
oemrte ontolcr |
15.The room in your hotel was pokey, scruffy and draughty, the hotel staff were discourteous, officious and surly, and the hotel food was greasy, unappetising and repetitive. Would you stay at the hotel again?
16.In which situations would you expect to leave a tip?
60
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
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Word associationUnit0000
The four words in each set 1 — 28 below can be used with one other word (i.e., they collocate with that word). What is that word in each set? Choose your answers from the box. The first one has been done for you. Note that each word you choose from the box must work with all four words in the set.
|
brand |
business |
career |
contract |
corporate |
cost |
customer |
|||||||||||||
|
employment |
group |
health |
income |
industrial |
insurance |
job |
labour |
||||||||||||
|
management |
market |
minimum |
pension |
personal |
price |
private |
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salary |
sales |
shift |
staff |
strike |
tax |
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1. |
_pension_ scheme |
_pension_ contributions |
occupational _pension_ |
portable _pension_ |
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2. |
__________ address |
__________ cycle |
__________ expenses |
__________ plan |
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3. |
__________ application |
__________ description |
__________ opportunities |
__________ rotation |
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4. |
__________ freeze |
__________ war |
__________ fixing __________ ceiling |
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5. |
__________ climate |
__________ culture |
__________ governance |
__________ image |
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6. |
__________ accounting |
__________ analysis |
__________ factor |
marginal __________ |
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7. |
__________ allowance |
__________ bracket |
__________ exemption |
__________ threshold |
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8. |
__________ accident __________ action |
__________ relations __________ tribunal |
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9. |
__________ age |
__________ pay |
__________ wage |
__________ salary |
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10. |
__________ review |
__________ structure |
annual __________ |
basic __________ |
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11. |
__________ call |
__________ notice |
unofficial __________ |
wildcat __________ |
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12. |
__________ transfer |
__________ work |
night __________ |
day __________ |
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13. |
__________ audit |
__________ committee __________ style |
__________ trainee |
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14. |
__________ cover |
__________ screening |
__________ insurance |
__________ report |
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15. |
__________ force |
__________ dispute |
skilled __________ |
manual __________ |
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16. |
__________ agency |
__________ law |
full-time __________ |
temporary __________ |
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17. |
__________ policy |
__________cover |
__________ broker |
national __________ |
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18. |
__________ expectations |
__________ ladder |
__________ opportunities |
__________ path |
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19. |
__________ leader |
__________ penetration |
__________ research |
__________ value |
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20. |
__________ tax |
__________ support |
earned __________ |
net __________ |
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21. |
__________ complaint |
__________ expectation |
__________ satisfaction |
__________ service |
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22. |
__________ enterprise |
__________ ownership |
__________ secretary |
__________ sector |
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23. |
__________ agency |
__________ appointment |
senior __________ |
skeleton __________ |
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24. |
__________ discussion |
__________ dynamics |
__________ interview |
focus __________ |
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25. |
__________ work |
__________ law |
__________ hire |
fixed-term __________ |
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26. |
__________ analysis |
__________ campaign |
__________ representative |
__________ team |
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27. |
__________ allowance |
__________ assistant |
__________ contract |
__________ development |
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|
28. |
__________ leader |
__________ loyalty |
__________ image |
own __________ |
61
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
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WorkingUnit 0000hours and time off work
Exercise 1: Complete sentences 1 – 26 with words and expressions from the box. Note that some of the sentences refer to shift work (when employees work for a period and then are replaced by others). Other sentences refer to flexible work systems, where employees can start or stop work at different hours of the day, provided they work a certain number of hours a day or week.
|
allowed time |
clock off |
core time |
double time |
fixed hours |
||||
|
Flexible Work Regulations |
flexileader flexilagger flexitime full-time |
|||||||
|
graveyard shift |
homeworking |
job rotation |
job-share |
overtime |
part-time |
|||
|
roster |
rotating shifts shift differentials |
shift transfer |
time and a half |
|||||
|
time-keeping |
time sheet |
twilight shift |
unsocial hours |
work-life balance |
||||
1.___________ is the fact of being on time for work (for example, ‘He was reprimanded for bad
___________’).
2.___________ is paid time which the management agrees an employee can spend on rest, cleaning or meals, not working.
3.___________ is a form of employment in which two or more people do a single job or take on a specific role within a company, each person working part-time.
4.___________ is a short form of the expression flexible time.
5.A company or organisation that puts a lot of emphasis on flexibility in its employment practices is known informally as a ___________.
6.A company or organisation that puts too little emphasis on flexibility in its working practices is known informally as a ___________.
7.An employee who works ___________ works at times such as in the evening, at night or during public holidays when most people are not at work.
8.Employees who work ___________ work for the normal working time (i.e. about 8 hours a day 5 days a week).
9.Employees who work ___________ do not work for the whole working week (for example, they might only work 4 hours a day instead of 8).
10.A time for which work is paid at twice the normal rate (for example, at weekends or on public holidays) is called ___________.
11.___________ is the normal rate of pay plus 50% extra (for example, when an employee does overtime or works evenings).
12.Hours worked more than the normal working hours are called ___________.
13.___________ is a period when employees working under a flexible time system must be present at work.
14.The act of changing an employee’s shift or working hours is called ___________.
15If a company does not operate a flexible time system, we say that the employees work ___________
hours.
16.___________ refers to a system where employees take turns in working different shifts.
17.The ___________ is an informal expression for the night shift.
18.___________ is a working method where employees work at home (usually on computer terminals), and send the finished material back to the office by email.
62
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
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Unit 0000
19.A duty ___________ is a list of times showing when each employee is on duty at those times.
20.When you record the time you leave work by putting a card into a special machine, you ___________.
21.A ___________ is a record of when employees arrive at and leave work, or one which shows how much time an employee spends on different jobs each day.
22.In Britain, parents who have children under 6, or disabled children under 18, have a legal right to have their working hours arranged to help them with their responsibilities. This right is known as
___________.
23.The ability to devote a sensible amount of time to doing your job, making sure that you have enough time left over to do other things (for example, spend time with your family) is referred to as ___________.
24.___________ are payments made to an employee in addition to their basic pay to compensate them for the inconvenience of the pattern of shift work.
25.The ___________ is another name for the evening shift, just before it gets dark.
26.When an employee is moved systematically from one job to another, this is known as ___________.
Exercise 2: Complete these sentences with an appropriate word or words, and write these words in the grid on the next page. If you do this correctly, you will reveal a hidden expression in the shaded vertical strip which means time off work granted to an employee to deal with personal or family problems. Some of the letters have already been put into the grid to help you.
Several of the sentences use the word leave. In these cases, leave is a noun for permission to be away from work (e.g., ‘He isn’t here, he’s on leave’). Employees can be or go on leave.
1.A certificate from a doctor to show that an employee has been ill is called a ___________ certificate.
2.A holiday from work which is fixed by law is called a ___________ holiday.
3.A period when a woman is away from work to have a baby (but is still paid) is called ___________
leave.
4.Leave during which an employee receives no money is called ___________ leave.
5.A period of leave during which an employee is not allowed into the company offices is known informally as___________ leave.
6.A period of paid or unpaid time off work for the purposes of research, study or travel is called a
___________.
7.The percentage of a workforce which is away from work with no good excuse is called the
___________ rate.
8.A day when all employees in the country are allowed to take a day off work is called a
___________ ___________.
9.A period of paid leave given by some companies to staff who have completed several years of service is called ___________-___________ leave.
10.A person’s right to something (for example, their right to a paid holiday from work) is called an
___________.
63
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
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Unit 0000
11.If an employee is away from work without permission and without a good reason, we can say that s/he has taken ___________ absence from work.
12.When an employee is sick and has to wait three days before s/he can claim sick pay, these days are known as ___________ days.
13.If an employee has permission to be away from work, s/he has leave of ___________.
14.When an employee gets time off from work instead of pay (for example, if they work overtime and get some time off work instead of overtime pay), we say that they take time off ___________
___________.
15.A short period of leave given to a father to be away from work when his partner has a baby is called
___________ leave.
16.Paid time off from work given to an employee to help him / her deal with personal affairs is called
___________ leave.
17.A holiday or period when people are not working is called a ___________ (especially in the USA).
18.A payment made by the government or by a private insurance company to someone who is ill and cannot work is called sickness ___________.
|
1. |
D |
L |
|||||||||||||||
|
2. |
T |
T |
|||||||||||||||
|
3. |
T |
R |
Y |
||||||||||||||
|
4. |
U |
D |
|||||||||||||||
|
5. |
G |
E |
N |
||||||||||||||
|
6. |
A |
B |
C |
||||||||||||||
|
7. |
A |
S |
E |
I |
|||||||||||||
|
8. |
U |
O |
A |
||||||||||||||
|
9. |
O |
G |
R |
C |
|||||||||||||
|
10. |
T |
M |
|||||||||||||||
|
11. |
U |
H |
S |
||||||||||||||
|
12. |
A |
I |
|||||||||||||||
|
13. |
N |
E |
|||||||||||||||
|
14. |
I |
E |
|||||||||||||||
|
15. |
P |
T |
|||||||||||||||
|
16. |
A |
S |
|||||||||||||||
|
17. |
C |
T |
|||||||||||||||
|
18. |
B |
F |
|||||||||||||||
64
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary
Workplace Unitproblems0000
Exercise 1: In the following sentences and paragraphs, one of the words in each of the word pairs in bold is wrong and one is right. Identify the most appropriate word in each case. You will find this easier to do if you read each paragraph through first so that you have a better idea of what it is about (Note that the wrong words are real English words, but do not fit into the context of the sentence / paragraph).
Paragraph (A)
If there is a (1) despite / dispute between the management and the union in a company which cannot be (2) restored / resolved, and as a result a (3) strike / stroke looks likely, a third party might be called in to (4) abdicate / arbitrate.
Paragraph (B)
Three managers have been accused of (1) fraught / fraud, (2) dissemination / discrimination,
(3) bullying / bumbling, (4) racy / racial (5) obtuse / abuse and (6) sectional / sexual (7) harassment
/arrestment . As a result two of them have been (8) fried / fired and one has been (9) suspected / suspended without pay. The first two are claiming (10) unfair / unfaithful (11) dismissive / dismissal and plan to (12) appeal / appal. The third has applied for a job with the government.
Paragraph (C)
We would like to point out that there have been several (1) breaches / beaches of the company’s ‘No smoking’ policy. We also have proof that several factory floor workers have been (2) neglecting / negotiating their duties, and there have also been several incidences of (3) insurrection / insubordination towards senior managers and intentional (4) damning / damage of company property. If this happens again, those responsible will be taken before a (5) disconcerting / disciplinary
(6) broad / board and could face (7) instant / instance (8) dismal / dismissal. We would like to stress that the company has a (9) nil-tolerant / zero tolerance policy towards those who misbehave or break the rules.
Paragraph (D)
The management are fully aware that because of staff (1) shortness / shortages we are all
(2)overstretched / oversubscribed at the moment, Mr Harrington, but we suggest that if you have a
(3)grievance / grievous, you put it to us in writing rather than encourage your colleagues to hold a sudden (4) walkout / walkabout. We’d like you to treat this as a (5) verbal / verdant (6) warming /
warning: the next time it happens, we will be obliged to ask for your (7) notice / note.
Paragraph (E)
What a terrible month! Sales have (1) droned / dropped by 40%, six employees have been made
(2) recumbent / redundant, two senior managers have (3) resigned / resided, our main supplier has gone (4) bankrolled / bankrupt, someone has (5) haggled / hacked into the company website and given us a (6) virus / viscous (with the result that the entire computer system has (7) crashed / cracked), and the coffee machine is still out of (8) odour / order.
65
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
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Unit 0000
Paragraph (F)
One problem that many companies face is that of their employees (1) plateauing / plating. This often happens when there is a lack of opportunity for promotion. In such situations, employees may feel they are lacking sufficient (2) simulation / stimulation, and as a result could lose their (3) motivation / motorisation and display less (4) indicative / initiative than before. This in turn can lead to reduced
(5) proclivity / productivity for the company concerned. A good manager should recognise the potential danger signs, and (6) implement / inclement any solutions that they think might help.
Paragraph (G)
An unhappy workforce should be easy for a good manager to spot. Basically, if staff (1) turnover / turnaround is high and staff (2) detention / retention is low, (3) conflict / conscript situations are frequent, there is frequent staff (4) absenteeism / abstention, poor (5) timeserving / timekeeping and (6) misconduct / misconception in the workplace, if (7) moral / morale seems generally low and if there is often the threat of (8) industrial / industrious action, it is time to act. The first thing to do is to (9) counsel / council employees and try to establish the cause of their (10) grievances / grief.
Exercise 2. Match the words in paragraphs A – G above with their definitions below.
1.The practice of staying away from work, often without a good reason.
2.Reaching a point where you cannot go any further in your job.
3.To give professional advice to someone on personal or professional issues.
4.The frequency within which employees people leave a job and are replaced by new employees.
5.Not needed for a job anymore.
6.A disagreement.
7.To be in a situation where you have too much to do.
8.To try to settle a disagreement between two or more people / groups.
9.The practice of treating people in different ways (because of their sex, race, religion, etc).
10.Regularly worrying or bothering someone.
11.A complaint.
12.The eagerness to work well.
13.Bad behaviour at work.
14.A failure to carry out the terms of an agreement, or the failure to follow rules.
15.The sudden stopping of work by employees when they leave their place of work because of a disagreement.
16.The decision or idea to start or do something.
17.The refusal to obey someone with more authority.
18.To ask someone formally to change a decision that you are not happy with.
19.Spoken.
20.To put something (for example, a plan) into action.
21.Official written information telling an employee that he / she is going to lose his / her job.
22.A feeling of confidence or satisfaction.
Also see Dispute resolution on pages 11–12.
66
For reference see Dictionary of Business — 4th edition (A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 978-0-713-67918-2)
книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary
Answer key
|
Abbreviations (pages 1–2) |
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|
Across: |
2. European |
4. buyout |
8. selling |
9. business |
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|
11. |
technological |
13. Director |
14. investment |
||||||||||
|
15. |
mergers |
17. earnings |
19. earn |
20. Tax |
|||||||||
|
22. opportunities |
25. Executive |
26. vitae |
27. needs |
||||||||||
|
29. |
time |
32. price |
34. Financial |
37. questions |
|||||||||
|
38. injury |
39. index |
41. annum (do not confuse p.a. |
|||||||||||
|
with PA: a personal assistant) |
43. annual |
45. Commerce |
|||||||||||
|
49. information |
51. product |
52. secure |
54. domestic |
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|
56. |
person (the plural is VIP’s: very important people / |
||||||||||||
|
persons) |
|||||||||||||
|
Down: |
1. quality |
3. parity |
5. public |
6. meeting |
|||||||||
|
7. relations |
10. credit |
12. Administration 15. methods |
|||||||||||
|
(or sometimes management) |
16. resources |
18. sale |
|||||||||||
|
21. profit |
23. possible |
24. central |
28. delivery |
30. first |
|||||||||
|
31. |
Qualification |
33. |
national |
35. |
Insurance |
||||||||
|
36. development 40. share |
42. thousand |
44. electronic |
|||||||||||
|
46. |
research |
47. postage |
48. Internet |
50. free |
|||||||||
|
53. you (the same pronunciation as the letter u) |
55. time |
Appraisals, training and development (pages 3–5)
Exercise 1:
The questions in this exercise are typical questions that might be asked at an appraisal / assessment interview (sometimes informally called job chats).
|
1. standards |
2. knowledge |
3. quality |
4. objectives |
|||
|
5. improvement |
6. strengths |
7. training |
8. progression |
|||
|
9. schedule |
10. challenging |
11. least |
12. workload |
|||
|
13. description |
14. |
defined |
15. |
advancement |
||
|
16. improving |
17. morale 18. relationship |
19. discipline |
||||
|
20. treatment |
21. promptly 22. complaints 23. progress |
|||||
|
24. praise 25. facilities |
26. provisions 27. recommend |
|||||
|
28. comments |
Normally before an appraisal, employees fill in a selfappraisal form. Note that appraisals / assessments are normally knowledge-based (what the employee knows),and performance-based (how well the employee has worked, and the results s/he has achieved). Appraisals can be two-way, with the employee telling the company how s/he feels about it, and his / her role in it. A good company will always listen to the feedback it receives from its employees.
Performance-based appraisals often use a method known as BARS (behaviourally-anchored rating scales), where performance is based on a typical performance criteria set for each individual employee.
Many companies have adopted the practice of 360degree appraisals. Colleagues above, below and at the same rank as the employee being appraised are asked to contribute their views on that employee before the interview takes place.
If an employee is not performing well in his / her current position, s/he might be given a remedial transfer. This means that s/he is transferred to a more suitable job. The informal expression is a turkey trot.
Note that many of the questions in this exercise might also be asked at an exit interview, when an employee is interviewed before s/he leaves the company. The questions would normally be expressed in the past tense, e.g., Did you think…?, Were you happy…?, etc. In
addition to the questions in the exercise, exit interviews might also ask the employee how s/he felt about the rewards, benefits and services offered by the company (holiday pay, sick pay, pension scheme, health insurance, life assurance, loan facilities, educational assistance, sports and social facilities, refreshment facilities, HR services, etc).
Exercise 2:
1. continuous personal development (also called continual personal development) 2. assertiveness training 3. experiential learning (also called learning by doing) 4. adventure training 5. in-tray learning 6. team-building (an employee who works well as part of
|
a team is called a team player) |
7. carousel learning |
||
|
8. sales training |
9. modern apprenticeship |
10. an |
induction course 11. off-the-job training (training which takes place on the company premises during work time is called on-the-job training or in-house / in-company training) 12. open learning 13. training needs analysis 14. total quality management (TQM)
Note: a trainer is somebody who trains staff, a trainee is somebody who learns how to do something.
Here are some other words and expressions that you might find useful:
|
adult education |
correspondence course team learning |
||
|
distance learning training needs |
performance appraisal |
||
|
staff appraisal |
individual learning |
autonomous learning |
|
|
learning curve |
learning style |
evaluation and assessment |
|
|
work-based learning |
INSET (in-service training) |
Investor in People (a national programme for employee development sponsored by the UK government) managerial grid
|
Changes (page 6–7) |
|||||||
|
Exercise 1: |
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|
1. widening |
2. sharp decline / fall |
3. general |
|||||
|
improvement |
4. expansion |
5. weakening |
6. tightening |
||||
|
up |
7. constant rise |
8. dramatic increase |
9. steady |
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|
decrease |
10. phased out |
11. build up |
12. cuts |
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|
13. deterioration 14. considerable growth |
15. upward |
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|
trend |
16. marked progress |
17. upgrade |
18. streamline |
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|
19. Downsizing |
20. fluctuated |
21. amended |
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|
22. restructure |
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|
Exercise 2: |
|||||||
|
1. exchanged |
2. adapt 3. outsourced (if you outsource |
a part of a company, you move part of the company operations from your home country to another country, or
|
from inside your company to |
another |
company) |
|
|
4. |
transformed 5. renovated |
6. switched |
7. vary |
|
8. |
expanded 9. dissolve (we could also use the phrasal |
verb break up) 10. revised (revised prices are usually increased, but they can also go down, as in the first part of this example)
Business colours (page 
1. (a) orange goods (= goods that are not bought as often as fast-moving items such as food products, but are replaced from time to time. (b) brown goods (= electrical equipment for home entertainment). (c) white goods (= machines that are used in the kitchen / utility room. White
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Answer key
goods can also refer to household linen, such as towels and sheets). (d) yellow goods (= high-priced goods which are kept in use for a relatively long time, and so are not replaced very often). (e) red goods (= fast-selling convenience goods, especially food products).
Note that items such as televisions, stereo systems and even clothes could also be classified as yellow goods, especially if they are very expensive.
2. (d) red tape. 3. These informal expressions refer to bank accounts. If an account is in the red, it is showing a debit or loss (e.g., less than £0). If an account is in the black, it is showing a profit, or (if used to refer to a company) having more assets than debt. 4. black (we can also say hidden economy, parallel economy or shadow economy). 5. Green taxes. 6. False. A bluechip investment is the purchase of low-risk shares in a company which is performing well. 7. (b) to blacklist (this can also be a noun: a blacklist). 8. Yes, provided it has received planning permission to do so. Compare greenfield site (= an area of land — usually in the country — that has not been built on before) with brownfield site (= an area of land, especially in an urban area, that had buildings on it in the past, and can be built on again). 9. A white-collar worker is someone who works in an office. A blue-collar worker is someone who works in a factory. 10. white-collar (see number 9 above). 11. Women. This is an informal and rather sexist expression for a job that is normally held by a woman (especially a young one). 12. a black market (often used in the expression a black market economy). 13. Probably a bad thing. Blue-sky ideas (also called blue-sky thinking) are extremely idealistic, ambitious, unrealistic and unconventional. 14. Unhappy: this is an informal expression for stocks and bonds that have no value. 15. All of these.
Contracts (pages 9–10)
Exercise 1:
Here is the complete text:
A contract can be defined as ‘an agreement between two or more parties to create legal obligations between them’. Some contracts are made ‘under seal‘: in other words, they are signed and sealed (stamped) by the parties involved. Most contracts are made verbally or in writing. The essential elements of a contract are: (a) that an offer made by one party should be accepted by the other; (b) consideration (the price in money, goods or some other reward, paid by one party in exchange for another party agreeing to do something); (c) the intention to create legal relations. The terms of a contract may be express (clearly stated) or implied (not clearly stated in the contract, but generally understood). A breach of contract by one party of their contractual liability entitles the other party to sue for damages or, in some cases, to seek specific performance. In such circumstances, the contract may be voided (in other words, it becomes invalid).
|
Exercise 2: |
|
|
1. 1. parts = parties 2. False |
3. C |
|
2. 1. terminator = termination |
2. True 3. obligated / |
|
required |
3. 1. un-negotiable = non-negotiable 2. True (amend = change or alter. The noun is an amendment. You can
|
make an amendment) |
3. oral / spoken / implied / |
|
understood |
(Note that if a contract is on paper, it is called a written contract)
4. 1. in beach of = in breach of (breach can also be a verb:
|
to breach a contract) |
2. abide by (in paragraph 1) |
||
|
3. |
False (they have only broken one of the clauses, or |
||
|
parts, of the contract) |
|||
|
5. |
1. period |
of notification |
= period of notice |
|
2. agreement |
3. True |
||
|
6. 1. anointment = appointment |
2. False (amalgamation |
comes from the verb to amalgamate: to join and become one. We can also say merger, from the verb to merge)
3.False (he is not allowed to have a controlling interest in the company, so his ability to buy stocks is restricted)
4.None (third parties are people or groups other than Mr Wiley and the amalgamation of AKL Publishing and Berryhill Books)
Dispute resolution (pages 11–12)
Exercise 1:
Here is the complete text:
A dispute is an argument or disagreement. In business and commerce, there are usually two types of dispute.
The first of these is an industrial dispute, which is between an employer and an employer’s representative, which in many cases is a trade union. These are usually the result of disagreements over pay, conditions of work and unfair dismissals, including redundancy (the layingoff of employees because they are not needed). The least favourable outcome of this type of dispute is usually industrial action, often in the form of a strike (where employees stop working). Alternatively, employees may stage a go-slow (where they work at less than their normal speed). They may also adopt a work-to-rule strategy, in which they strictly follow all the terms of their contract, and obey other regulations to the letter. They may also refuse to work overtime. The result of this is usually decreased productivity for the company.
The second type of dispute is a commercial dispute, which is a disagreement between two businesses. This is usually the result of a breach of contract (in which one or both sides fails to agree to, or abide by, the terms and conditions of a contract drawn up between them). In extreme cases, this may result in litigation (in which one side brings a suit against the other in a court of law), with the aim of getting financial compensation, or of legally obliging the other side to abide by their contractual obligations.
Disputes do not necessarily have to be settled in an imposed court case. Mediation (an attempt by a disinterested* third party to make two sides in an argument agree) is often quicker, more cost-effective and less stressful for the parties involved.
* Disinterested has a similar meaning to impartial (see exercise 2).
|
Exercise 2: |
||
|
1. alternative |
2. litigation (the verb is to litigate, the |
|
|
adjective is litigious) 3. voluntary / consent 4. |
impartial |
|
|
/ mediator (the verb is to mediate) 5. facilitator |
6. joint |
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Answer key
session / caucus 7. confidential/ disclosed 8. resolutions
|
/ practical / beneficial |
9. negotiations |
10. settlements / |
|
compromise / mutual |
11. bound |
12. prejudice |
|
13. binding / honour |
14. contractually |
15. arbitration |
16. tribunal 17. arbitrator 18. adjudication 19. public domain
Earnings, rewards and benefits 1 (pages 13–14)
|
1. |
wage / salary |
2. |
remuneration |
3. overtime |
||||
|
4. |
increment |
5. deduction |
6. dock |
7. minimum |
||||
|
8. |
double time |
9. time and a half |
10. pension plan |
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|
11. |
rise (we can also say raise) |
12. advance / sub |
||||||
|
13. |
payslip |
14. bonus |
15. payroll |
16. package |
17. weighting (for example, a job advertisement might offer an annual salary of £30,000 + £4,000 London weighting) 18. leave entitlement 19. Income / expenditure 20. stock options (we can also say share options. Some companies have something called an ESOP:
|
an employee share ownership plan) |
21. incentive plans |
||||
|
22. |
rate |
23. redundancy pay |
24. discount |
||
|
25. |
relocation allowance |
26. danger |
27. gross |
||
|
28. |
net |
(also called take-home pay) |
29. index-linked |
||
|
30. |
commensurate (for example, Your |
salary will be |
commensurate with your experience and qualifications)
31. arrears 32. direct deposit 33. performance related
34. golden handshake (some companies also give new employees a golden hello when they accept a job with the company, and some companies may offer new employees a golden parachute, which guarantees them a special payment if they are made redundant)
Earnings, rewards and benefits 2 (page 15)
|
1. |
direct / extrinsic |
2. extrinsic |
/ direct |
3. basic |
|
|
4. performance-related |
5. commissions 6. recognition |
||||
|
7. |
Gainsharing |
8. motivation |
9. production bonus |
10. premium bonus 11. attendance bonus 12. acceptance bonus (informally called a golden hello) 13. Profit sharing
|
14. benefits |
15. extras |
16. pensions |
17. share |
|
18. insurance |
19. duvet days 20. fixed |
21. flexible |
(also known as a cafeteria-style benefits plan) 22. Incentive
|
23. indirect / intrinsic 24. intrinsic / indirect |
25. status |
|
|
26. satisfaction |
27. growth / development |
28. skill |
|
29. development |
30. security 31. comradeship |
Here are some other words and expressions that you might find useful:
|
salaried (the adjective of salary) |
earnings |
real earnings |
||||||
|
take-home pay |
well-paid |
low-paid |
pay packet |
|||||
|
pension contributions |
accrual rate |
hourly / daily rate |
||||||
|
occupational / company pension (scheme) |
remuneration |
|||||||
|
portable pension (scheme) |
per day / per diem |
perks |
||||||
|
increments a year / per annum |
wage / salary review |
|||||||
|
on-target earnings |
parity |
to erode wage differentials |
||||||
|
incentive |
basic / flat rate |
reward management |
||||||
|
broadbanding |
compensation package |
benefit in kind |
||||||
|
reward review |
exploding bonus |
health insurance |
||||||
|
holiday pay |
sick pay |
life assurance |
Formal words (pages 16–17)
Exercise 1:
1. analyse (spelt analyze in American English) 2. assessed at 3. averting 4. administer 5. assigned 6. annulled
|
7. audit 8. appealed to |
9. addressed |
10. award |
||
|
11. admonished |
12. |
awaiting |
13. |
adjusted |
|
14. adjourned 15. appointed |
||||
|
Exercise 2: |
||||
|
1. attend 2. advised |
3. assist |
4. amalgamated |
5. attempt |
6. assured 7. sequestered (we can also say sequestrated) 8. settle 9. tender 10. dismissed 11. engage (we can
|
also say employ, recruit or hire) |
12. waived |
13. present |
||
|
14. elected |
15. licensed |
|||
|
Exercise 3: |
||||
|
1. |
retain |
2. specify |
3. redeployed |
4. consulted |
|
5. |
undertaken 6. reinstated |
7. inquiring (note that in |
this sentence, inquiring must be followed by into: ‘We are inquiring into the background of the new supplier‘.
|
Inquiring can also be written enquiring) |
8. consented |
|
9. notified 10. briefed 11. outlined |
12. upgraded |
The word in the shaded vertical strip (and the one that can be used to replace the words in bold in number 13) is apportioning.
Business idioms (page 18–19)
|
Exercise 1: |
||
|
1. goes belly up 2. rat race |
3. turkey trot |
4. a people |
|
churner 5. an ohnosecond |
6. a dogsbody |
7. a sickie |
8. work rage (also called desk rage when applied to
|
people working in an office) 9. out of the loop |
10. a |
||
|
cushy number |
11. got the boot |
12. pencil-whip |
13. a |
|
helicopter view |
14. eye service |
15. a mushroom job |
16. a Mickey Mouse job 17. swinging the lead 18. a lemon
Exercise 2:
1. stress puppy (= someone who seems to enjoy being under pressure, but still complains about it) 2. shape up or ship out (= improve or leave) 3. empty suit (= someone — usually in a fairly high position — who doesn’t really contribute very much to a company or organisation) 4. kiss up to (= to be very nice and polite to someone in a position of power. It is a negative expression. We can also say schmooze up to or suck up to) 5. dead wood (= the employees who are losing a company money. We can use the expression to cut out the dead wood in this context) 6. glad hand (= to shake hands with people. We can also use the expression press the flesh) 7. seagull manager (= someone who is brought in to a company to deal with a problem or make changes, achieves nothing, annoys everyone and then leaves) 8. ear candy (= kind words of praise and encouragement) 9. wombat (an acronym: waste of money, brains and time. Basket case — see number 14. below — could also be used in this sentence if speaker B is talking about the boss) 10. dumbsizing (= to dismiss the best workers in a company. It is an adaptation of the word downsizing. If a company dismisses those workers who do not contribute much and are losing the company money, we could say that they smartsize) 11. happy camper (= someone who enjoys their job, although the expression is often used ironically) 12. wiggle room (= time to think before making an important decision) 13. busymeet (= a business meeting) 14. basket case (= a company or a person who is in such bad condition that they are beyond help) 15. trim the fat (= dismiss / lay off of those employees who do not work well or are surplus to requirement) 16. cash cow (= a product or service that makes a lot of money with a minimum amount of advertising)
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Answer key
|
IT and e-commerce (pages 20-22) |
|
|
Exercise 1: |
|
|
1. desktop |
2. laptop (also sometimes called a notebook) |
|
3. components |
4. CPU 5. hard drive |
6. hard disk |
||
|
7. |
memory |
8. software |
9. word |
processing |
|
10. |
spreadsheet |
11. DTP 12. load (we can also say |
||
|
install) 13. CD / DVD drive 14. USB port |
15. memory |
|||
|
stick 16. monitor |
17. keyboard |
18. printer |
19. scanner |
|
|
20. |
mouse 21. Internet (sometimes called the World |
Wide Web) 22. provider (also called an Internet Service
|
provider, or ISP) |
23. browser 24. download 25. chatrooms |
|
|
26. newsgroups |
27. website 28. log on 29. pop-up |
|
|
30. search engine 31. keywords |
32. links (also called |
|
|
hyperlinks or hypertext links) |
33. domain (name) |
|
|
34. homepage |
35. on-line 36. log out (we can also say |
|
|
log off) 37. bookmark 38. email |
39. password (most |
email providers also ask their subscribers to enter a
|
username, which is similar to a password) |
40. spam |
|
41. delete 42. attachment 43. virus |
44. crashing |
|
45. anti-virus software 46. update (it) |
Exercise 2:
1. A JPEG is a method of reducing, or compressing, computer files that contain images so that they can be sent quickly by email over the Internet (it is also the name of a file that is produced by this method) 2. A file is a set of information or a document that is stored under a particular name on a computer, a folder is a group of related programs or documents stored together on a computer 3. Freeware is free software available on the Internet, shareware is similar, but users are asked to make a voluntary monetary contribution for its use, or are encouraged to buy a more advanced version 4. Spyware is computer software that secretly records the websites you visit on your computer, and this information is then used by companies who try to sell you things 5. The Internet is a computer system, or network, that allows people in different parts of the world to exchange information (using websites and sending emails, etc). An intranet is a computer network that can only be used within a company or organisation. An extranet is similar to an intranet, but also allows access by others associated with that company or organisation (for example, suppliers, buyers, etc) 6. She has finished shopping and is now going to pay 7. (a) The user ‘signs’ the contract by clicking on a box or boxes to show that he / she agrees
|
with the |
terms and conditions |
8. Internet Service |
|
|
Provider |
9. (b) |
10. (c) (A company that only does |
business on the Internet is called a dot.com business. A company that does not have an Internet shopping facility is known as a bricks and mortar business) 11. Frequently
|
asked questions |
12. |
(a) |
13. Business to business |
|
14. An auto response |
16. |
15. (b) UCE = unsolicited |
|
|
commercial email |
Broadband is a class of |
transmission system that allows large amounts of data to be transferred at high speed over the Internet; an ISDN line is a digital telephone network that supports advanced communication services and can be used for high-speed data transmission 17. (b) 18. personal identification number, a private code number that only the user knows (also required when using a credit / debit card in a cash machine or in a shop) 19. They are forms of on-screen advertising 20. No. An anti-site, also called a hate-site or gripe-site, is a website set up by an unhappy (ex-) customer so that they can publicly say bad things about your company, and encourage other people to do the same 21. A hacker is someone who uses a computer to connect to other people’s computers secretly and often
illegally, so that they can find or change information. The verb is to hack 22. A firewall protects your computer or network, or certain files and folders on that computer / network, from being illegally accessed by a hacker (see number 21 above) 23. If a company is Amazoned, is has lost a large share of its market to a competitor because it has failed to develop an effective business strategy (especially if it has failed to utilise IT technology). This is an informal word, named after the Internet company Amazon.com, who very quickly took a large share of the book market before expanding into other areas 24. (e) Also called a heavy site. This is an informal expression 25. Phishing (pronounced like fishing) is an informal word which refers to sending emails that are designed to trick people into giving away personal information, such as bank account details. This information is then used to steal from those people. More advanced phishers set up bogus websites that look like real websites (especially ones that look like bank websites) that try to trick the unwary or gullible 26. You would probably feel rather unhappy, especially if you were the company’s website manager: a cobweb site is a website that contains a lot of out-of-date information, and if it looks like an angry fruit salad, it has an interface that is particularly unattractive to look at 27. Spider food is an informal expression that refers to words that are embedded in a web page to attract search engines. As a result, your website would receive a lot of visitors 28. You are if you were able to answer most of the questions in this exercise: someone who is buzzword compliant is familiar with the latest computer and IT terms and expressions. It is an informal expression.
Jobs and positions (pages 23–24)
|
Exercise 1: |
||||||||
|
1. Receptionist |
2. Human Resources Manager 3. Secretary |
|||||||
|
4. Girl |
Friday |
(this |
is rather |
a sexist |
expression) |
|||
|
5. Technical Support Consultant |
6. Company Director |
|||||||
|
7. Managing Director 8. Chief Executive Officer 9. Personal |
||||||||
|
Assistant |
10. Company Secretary |
11. Chairman |
||||||
|
12. Non-executive Director |
13. Production Manager |
|||||||
|
14. Assistant Manager |
15. Trainer |
|||||||
|
Exercise 2: |
||||||||
|
1. Accountant 2. External Auditor |
3. Area Manager |
|||||||
|
4. Marketing Manager |
5. Advertising Manager |
6. Sales |
||||||
|
Representative (often shortened to rep) |
7. Foreman |
|||||||
|
8. Trade Union Representative |
9. Official Mediator |
|||||||
|
10. Arbitrator 11. Graduate Trainee |
12. IT Consultant |
|||||||
|
13. Telesales Manager |
14. Official receiver |
15. Security |
||||||
|
Guard |
||||||||
|
Letters (pages 25–27) |
||||||||
|
(A): 6, 22, 46, 47, 56 |
(B): 5, 21, 35, 39, 40 |
(C): 3, 17, |
||||||
|
34, 41, 52 (D): 7, 16, 37, 43, 49 |
(E): 13 (this could also |
|||||||
|
fit in F), 33, 38, 48, 51 |
(F): 2, 9, 23, 29, 59 |
(G): 1, 8, |
||||||
|
25 (this could also fit in H), 26, 60 |
(H): 4, 12, 27, 42, 54 |
|||||||
|
(I): 10, 24, 32, 36, 55 |
(J): 11, 14, 30, 45, 58 |
(K): 15, |
||||||
|
18, 28, 44, 53 |
The following extracts do not match any of the letter types in the box:
19 (a reminder from a company to a client to pay them), 20 (a letter or email reserving a hotel room), 31 (a letter or email requesting something), 50 (a covering letter or note
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Answer key
sent with a catalogue and price list), 57 (an order from a client for some products).
Usage notes:
Begin all letters with Dear + the recipient’s family name (if you know it), or with Dear Sir / Madam if you don’t.
If you are not sure if a woman is married or single, begin it Dear Ms + her family name (this is now the accepted form of address even if you do know whether she is married or not).
Letters that begin with a name (e.g., Dear Mr Brown,
Dear Ms Smith) end with Yours sincerely. Letters that begin with Dear Sir / Madam end with Yours faithfully.
Use the active rather than the passive voice (for example, instead of «Your order has been received«, write «We have received your order«. Instead of «With reference to…«, write «I refer to…«, etc).
Ordinal numbers (for dates, e.g., the first of November, the seventh of April) are sometimes followed by letters (e.g., 1st November, 7th April), but this is less common now than it used to be. 1 November, 7 April, etc, is more common.
You should avoid using abbreviated dates (e.g., 12/11/05) in business letters.
Note that modern business letters should be brief. The message you want to communicate should be done in the most economical way, while remaining clear and polite (remember this acronym: KISS — Keep it short and simple)
Meetings and presentations (page 28)
|
1. open 2. welcoming |
3. participants |
4. attendance |
|||||||
|
5. supporting |
6. agenda |
7. progress |
8. schedule |
||||||
|
9. get through |
10. achieve |
11. goals |
12. objectives |
||||||
|
13. |
chair (we can also say preside over) 14. contribute |
||||||||
|
15. clarification |
16. interrupt |
17. issues |
18. address |
||||||
|
(= discuss/talk about) |
19. bringing |
up |
20. matters |
||||||
|
21. |
priority |
22. |
summarizing |
23. points |
|||||
|
24. |
recommendations |
25. open floor |
26. opinions |
||||||
|
27. |
closes |
28. notes |
29. minutes |
30. report |
|||||
|
31. complaints |
32. questions |
33. floor 34. discuss |
|||||||
|
35. |
conference |
36. |
venue |
37. speakers |
|||||
|
38. |
presentations |
39. delegates |
40. contingency |
41. implement
Money and finance (pages 29–30)
|
Exercise 1: |
|||||||
|
1. lend / borrow |
2. credit / debit |
3. insolvent / bankrupt |
|||||
|
4. dividend / royalty 5. shares / stocks |
6. gross / net |
||||||
|
7. |
deposit / withdraw |
8. tax /duty |
9. income / |
||||
|
expenditure 10. overpriced / exorbitant |
11. wage / |
||||||
|
salary |
12. invoice / receipt |
13. discount / refund |
|||||
|
14. refund / rebate 15. inflation / deflation |
16. pension |
||||||
|
/ |
redundancy |
pay |
17. |
statement / |
balance |
||
|
18. commission / interest |
19. compound / simple |
||||||
|
20. working capital / venture capital |
21. |
fund / |
|||||
|
underwrite 22. audit / budget |
23. subsidize / sponsor |
||||||
|
(or fund) 24. honour / default |
Note that many of the words in this exercise can be used in other ways. For example, the verb deposit in number 7 can also be a noun (a deposit), and the verb withdraw can be made into a noun (a withdrawal).
|
Exercise 2: |
||||
|
1. |
Business overheads |
2. Credit risk |
3. Pension plan |
|
|
4. |
Profit margin |
5. |
Exchange rate |
6. Cash flow |
7. Credit limit 8. Capital gains 9. Down payment
10.Risk management 11. Money laundering
|
12. Offshore banking |
13. Foreign currency |
14. Value |
||
|
added tax 15. Net operating income |
16. |
Operating |
||
|
profit |
17. |
Interest rate 18. Budgetary constraints |
||
|
19. Finance company |
20. Expense account |
21. Return |
||
|
on investment |
22. |
Rate of return |
23. |
Real assets |
24.Dynamic pricing 25. Management buyout
26.Budget deficit 27. Consumer spending
|
28. Income tax |
29. Golden handshake |
30. Price |
|
insensitive |
Numbers and symbols (page 31)
1. 2006 = two thousand and six (some people also say twenty oh six) / 1994 = nineteen ninety four 2. 24/7 = twenty four seven (= 24 hours a day, 7 days a week) 3. 8.4% = eight point four per cent 4. 3.45 = three forty five, or quarter to four 5. 1800 = eighteen hundred (hours) 6. 30 June = the thirtieth of June or June the thirtieth 7. 10/3/07 = the tenth of March two thousand and seven (in the UK) or the third of October two thousand and seven (in the USA). Alternatively, you could say the tenth of the third oh seven 8. 27½ = twenty seven and a half 9. ¾ = three quarters 10. 2m x 1m x 1m = two metres by one metre by one metre 11. £10.99 = ten pounds ninety nine (or ten pounds and ninety nine pence*) 12. £100.99 = one hundred pounds ninety nine (or one hundred pounds and ninety nine pence)
13.£120.75 = one hundred and twenty pounds seventy five (or one hundred and twenty pounds and seventy five pence) / £1120.75 = One thousand, one hundred and twenty pounds seventy five (or one thousand, one hundred and twenty pounds and seventy five pence)
14.ACB81 — 25/B = ACB eighty one dash (or hyphen) 25 slash (or stroke) B 15. 020 7921 3567 = oh two oh,
seven nine two one, three five six seven 16. 0845 601 5884 = oh eight four five, six oh one, five double eight four 17. 0800 231415 = oh eight hundred, two three one four one five (or oh eight hundred, twenty three, fourteen, fifteen)** 18. 999 = nine nine nine / 911 = nine one one 19. # = hash / 0 = zero / * = star 20. £200K = two hundred thousand pounds / mid-50’s = mid-fifties 21. $6M = six million dollars 22. M25 = M twenty five / M4 = M four / A329 = A three two nine (these are British road classifications. M = motorway. A = main road) 23. 2:1 = two to one (when talking about odds and ratios) 24. @snailmail.co.uk = at snailmail dot co dot u k 25. GR8 = great / 
= happy / CUL8R = see you later (informal abbreviations and emoticons*** such as these are commonly used in text messages, notes and email) 26. 4×4 = four by four (a vehicle with four-wheel drive, also called a 4WD) 27. 2:0 = two nil / 3:3 = three all 28. 37,762,418 = thirty seven million, seven hundred and sixty two thousand, four hundred and eighteen 29. © = copyright (the material cannot be copied without permission) 30. ® = registered (the name is registered, and cannot be used by another company for another product)
*The British currency, called sterling, consists of pounds (£) and pence (p). £1 = 100p. Some people say pee instead of pence, but many people dislike this.
**For more information on how to say telephone numbers, see the information in the answer key for
Telephoning.
*** is an emoticon, a symbol that shows emotion. Emoticons take the form of a face on its side, and use standard punctuation symbols and letters. In this case, it is
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Answer key
a smiling face to show happiness. Other emoticons include 
to show unhappiness, :-0 to show surprise, :-|| to show anger, :-@ to show fear, :-X to indicate a kiss. Some computers automatically turn some emoticons into proper faces (for example, by entering , the computer automatically makes a ☺).
|
Phrasal verbs 1 (pages 32–34) |
||||||||
|
1. |
: run with |
2. |
: fighting against |
3. |
: get across |
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|
4. |
: turned down |
5. |
: stand off |
6. |
: find out |
|||
|
7. |
: give up |
8. |
: phased in |
9. |
: carry on |
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|
10. |
: hand over |
11. |
: give in |
12. |
: called off |
|||
|
13. |
: standing in |
14. |
: held down |
15. |
: build into |
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|
16. |
: broken up |
17. |
: bring down |
17. |
: bring out |
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|
18. |
: held back |
19. |
: fill in |
20. |
: broke down |
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|
20. |
: brought up |
21. |
: gearing up |
22. |
: cut down |
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|
23. |
: burn out |
24. |
: backed out |
25. |
: took up |
|||
|
26. |
: held up |
27. |
: got on |
28. |
: carry out |
|||
|
29. |
: get back |
30. |
: got out |
31. |
: get ahead |
|||
|
32. |
: put off |
33. |
: put out |
34. |
: opt out |
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|
35. |
: take on |
36. |
: cancelled out |
37. |
: fallen behind |
Note that some of the phrasal verbs in this exercise actually use two particles. For example: to cut down on something. The second particle appears in the sentence and has not been included in the crossword grid.
Phrasal verbs 2 (page 35)
There are a few possible matches, but these are the best options
|
1. F |
2. M |
3. R 4. T 5. L |
6. A 7. G 8. |
N |
9. Q |
||
|
10. C |
11. J |
12. S |
13. H |
14. I 15. P |
16. O |
||
|
17. E |
18. |
D |
19. K |
20. B |
Production and operations (pages 36–38)
Exercise 1:
1. lead time (also called cycle time) 2. purchasing power
|
3. optimum capacity |
4. assembly line (also called a |
||||||
|
production line) |
5. finished goods |
6. product recall |
|||||
|
7. offshore production |
8. |
planned |
obsolescence |
||||
|
9. supply chain |
10. zero defects |
11. resource allocation |
|||||
|
12. raw materials 13. manufacturing costs |
14. random |
||||||
|
sampling |
15. capacity planning |
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|
Exercise 2: |
|||||||
|
1. bar coding |
2. logistics |
3. preventive maintenance |
|||||
|
(also called preventative maintenance) |
4. intermediate |
||||||
|
goods 5. stockout |
6. down time |
7. margin of error |
|||||
|
8. just in time (usually written just-in-time) |
9. made to |
||||||
|
order |
10. first in, first |
out |
(abbreviated to FIFO) |
11. supply and demand 12. research and development
|
(abbreviated to |
R and D) |
13. global pricing |
|
14. outsourcing |
15. continuous improvement 16. spare |
|
|
parts |
The phrase in the shaded vertical strip is division of labour.
Exercise 3:
There are a few combinations, but these are the best matches:
|
automatic assembly |
batch production |
buffer stock |
|
|
buying manager |
centralised purchasing |
cluster |
|
sampling |
contract manufacturing |
forward scheduling |
|||
|
freight forwarder |
list price |
order book |
paced line |
||
|
quality control |
shop floor |
(= factory floor, in a |
|||
|
production / operations context) |
surplus capacity |
||||
|
Recruitment 1: Job advertising (page 39) |
|||||
|
1. leading |
2. vacancy 3. post (we can also say position |
||||
|
or job) |
4. commencing 5. application (the verb is to |
||||
|
apply) |
6. candidate (we can also say applicant) |
||||
|
7. qualified 8. |
experience |
9. |
team |
10. drive |
11. motivate (the noun is motivation, the adjective is motivated) 12. colleagues (we sometimes use the informal word workmates) 13. responsibilities (we can also say duties) 14. rewards package (we can also say benefits package) 15. basic salary (note that a salary is the money, or pay, you receive every month or year for doing your job; a wage is money you receive every day or week for doing a job: see the section on ‘Rewards and benefits’ elsewhere in this book for more information) 16. commission 17. incentive 18. increment 19. relocation allowance 20. benefits (we can also say rewards) 21. advance 22. CV (= curriculum vitae. We can also say resumé. A CV lists your qualifications and experience in detail, and also provides important personal information — name, age, contact details, etc.) 23. covering letter 24. interview (A person attending an interview is called an interviewee; a person conducting an interview is called an interviewer)
Recruitment 2: The recruitment process (pages 40–41)
Part 1.
1. vacancy 2. recruit 3. staff 4. internally (an internal appointment) 5. externally 6. appointments / situations vacant (informally called the jobs pages or jobs section)
|
7. situations vacant / appointments |
8. |
journals |
||
|
9. recruitment agency 10. institutional agency |
11. job |
|||
|
centres 12. private recruitment agency |
13. description |
|||
|
14. applicants (from the verb to apply) |
15. qualifications |
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|
16. experience |
17. personal qualities |
18. rewards |
||
|
(sometimes called remuneration) |
19. increments |
|||
|
20. benefits 21. leave (or holiday) |
22. discrimination |
23.equal opportunities 24. affirmative recruitment
25.disabilities
In Britain, the Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) is the government body set up to make sure that no sex discrimination exists in employment. The Commission for Racial Equality (CRE) is the statutory body set up to monitor racial matters in companies, and to issue guidelines on best practice. Official legislation ensures that nobody is discriminated against (for example, the Sex Discrimination Act of 1975, the Race Relations Act of 1976, and the Disability Discrimination Act of 1995). Companies have a vicarious liability to ensure that discrimination is not a feature of the workplace.
Part 2.
1. CV (= curriculum vitae) 2. covering 3. introduction 4. application 5. pre-selection 6. turn down 7. short-list
8.candidates 9. one-to-one 10. board 11. psychometric
12.aptitude (compare this with an ability test, which only tests the candidates current skills and knowledge) 13. group
situational 14. in-basket 15. medical (sometimes just called a medical) 16. health screening
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Answer key
A test should have face validity — it should be relevant, useful and give accurate results that indicate how well the employee will perform.
|
Part 3. |
|||||
|
1. |
seven-point plan |
2. |
potential |
3. |
appearance |
|
4. |
intelligence 5. skills |
6. interests |
7. disposition |
||
|
8. circumstances 9. references 10. offered |
11. induction |
||||
|
programme 12. temporary |
13. probationary 14. open- |
||||
|
ended / fixed-term |
15. fixed-term |
/ |
open-ended |
||
|
16. follow-up |
Recruitment 3: Contract of employment and job description (pages 42–43)
|
Exercise 1: |
|
|
1. Term = Terms, conditionals = conditions |
2. employ |
|
= employer 3. employed = employee |
4. titel = title |
5. descriptive = description 6. locally = location 7. Celery = Salary, anum = annum, rears = arrears 8. Started =
|
Starting (or Start) 9. labour = work, |
until = to (Monday |
|
through Friday in American English) |
10. Undertime = |
Overtime, rat = rate 11. enticement = entitlement, anum = annum 12. Absent = Absence (or Absenteeism from work) 13. sceme = scheme (x2), employs = employees 14. Dissiplinary = Disciplinary, grieving = grievance, handybook = handbook, police = policies 15. Probbation
|
= |
Probation (x2), subjective = subject, employees |
|
= |
employment, note = notice 16. Terminator |
=Termination, probbation = probation (or probationary), note = notice 17. Referrals = References (x2) (a person who writes a reference is called a referee), apointments
=appointments 18. singed = signed
Contracts of employment can be temporary, permanent, short term, long term, fixed-term or open-ended. Contracts contain express terms (those that both the employer and the employee agree on), and implied terms (these are not stated in the contract, but impose obligations on both the employer and the employee) Some contracts may contain a restrictive covenant (a clause which prevents an employee from doing something. For example, it may prevent the employee working for another similar company when s/he finishes work in his / her current company).
Contractual liability is a legal responsibility for something as stated in a contract.
Exercise 2:
Here is the complete conversation:
James: Hi, Sarah. How’s the new job going?
Sarah: Oh, not too bad. I’m still trying to find my feet, though.
James: Tell me a bit about it.
Sarah: Well, my official job title is Regional Production Manager, which means that my main accountability is to supervise the work of the production department.
James: Where are you based?
Sarah: Most of my work is done at the head office in central London, but I also have to spend time at our various branches and departments in the area. There are several of these in the South and South-East.
James: Who do you report to?
Sarah: The Central Production Manager. Tom Atkinson, his name is. I’ve only met him a couple of times, but he seems nice enough. We meet once a month to consult each other on major issues. We evaluate the current
state of production, and I recommend any changes that I think need to be made
James: And what about the hours?
Sarah: Pretty typical for this kind of job. I’m on a fulltime contract, which means I work from Monday to Friday, nine to five. And occasionally I have to go in at the weekend, too. I get 21 days leave a year, plus bank holidays.
James: Not bad. And your salary? If you don’t mind me asking?
Sarah: No, not at all. I get £35000 per annum, plus expenses, commission for reaching targets, overtime pay and so on.
James: That’s pretty good for a job that just involves checking things are running smoothly.
Sarah: Well, there’s more to my job than just that. I do have several other key responsibilities.
James: Such as?
Sarah: First of all I have to agree product specifications with sales departments and time schedules with the stock control department. Then I need to ensure that the product is manufactured according to agreed specifications, and I also have to inspect the quality of the finished product.
James: That’s all?
Sarah: No. I also need to negotiate with our suppliers on prices for our base materials, visit those suppliers on a regular basis to check the quality of the base materials… James: Do you have a car for that?
Sarah: Oh yes, the company provides me with one. I also have to deal with problems as they arise on a day-to- day basis, and produce regular sales reports for the Directors.
James: Anything else?
Sarah: Well, on top of everything else, I’m responsible for managing 10 machinists, 3 trainees, 2 cleaners and 2 security guards.
James: That sounds like a lot of work for one person. Can you delegate any of it?
Sarah: Unfortunately no. I have to do it all myself!
Sales and marketing 1 (pages 44–45)
|
1. cowded = crowded |
2. nich = niche |
3. uniqe |
|
|
= unique |
4. feachures = features 5. patient = patent |
||
|
6. inovative = innovative |
7. lunch = launch |
8. brocure |
|
|
= brochure |
9. opmarket = upmarket |
10. reserch |
|
|
= research |
11. advertiseing = advertising |
12. campain |
|
|
= campaign |
13. premote = promote 14. comercials |
= commercials 15. spouts = spots (an informal word) 16. advertisments = advertisements 17. pacement = placement 18. billyboards = billboards (we can also say
|
hoardings) |
19. plop-ups = pop-ups |
20. mailshoots |
|
= mailshots |
21. sponsership = sponsorship 22. endoarse |
|
|
= endorse |
23. opinon = opinion |
24. pont = point |
|
25. |
retale = retail 26. pich = pitch (an informal word) |
|||||||
|
27. |
miscounts = discounts |
28. giveways = giveaways |
||||||
|
29. dommestic = domestic |
30. expot = export 31. raps |
|||||||
|
= reps (= short form of representatives) |
32. franshise |
|||||||
|
= franchise |
33. guarantea = guarantee |
34. where |
||||||
|
= |
wear (part of an expression: |
wear |
and |
tear) |
||||
|
35. merchantizing = merchandizing |
36. brant = brand |
|||||||
|
37. loco = logo |
38. pakaging = packaging |
39. cattalog |
||||||
|
= catalogue |
40. hyp |
= |
hype |
41. |
fat = |
fad |
||
|
42. |
competiton = competition |
43. tramp = trump (an |
||||||
|
informal word) |
44. trucking = tracking |
45. canvince |
||||||
|
= convince |
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Answer key
Sales and marketing 2 (page 46)
1. obsolescence 2. Promotion (promotion is also the selling of a new product through the use of ‘free gifts’, by
|
giving special discounts, etc) 3. Wholesale |
4. bench- |
||
|
marking 5. Spam® |
6. licensing |
7. global |
8. dealer- |
|
ship 9. markdown |
10. sampling 11. diversification |
||
|
12. Telemarketing 13. distributor |
14. freebie |
15. airtime |
The expression in the shaded vertical strip is low-hanging fruit.
Sales and marketing 3 (pages 47–48)
|
1. added value 2. trade fair |
3. brand loyalty |
4. focus |
||||||
|
group 5. break even |
6. reward scheme |
7. price war |
||||||
|
(also called a price-cutting war) |
8. |
white goods |
||||||
|
9. |
mailing |
house |
10. |
product differentiation |
||||
|
11. customer care |
12. cold call 13. crisis management |
|||||||
|
14. |
client base (also called a client |
list) |
15. network |
|||||
|
marketing |
16. loss leader 17. sales forecast |
18. high |
||||||
|
pressure |
19. brand awareness |
20. public relations |
||||||
|
21. market leader |
22. press release |
23. price insensitive |
||||||
|
24. |
product abandonment |
25. consumer protection |
||||||
|
26. |
trade delegation |
27. corporate image |
28. price |
|||||
|
leadership |
29. target market |
30. premium offer |
||||||
|
31. own brand 32. market driven |
Note that, as with other exercises in this book, these words are not always exclusive to the area of sales and marketing, and may be relevant to other business areas.
Similar meanings 1: Nouns (pages 49–50)
|
Exercise 1: |
||||||||||
|
1. agenda / schedule |
2. administration / receivership |
|||||||||
|
3. discipline / order 4. takeover / acquisition |
5. drop / |
|||||||||
|
decline |
6. faults / defects |
7. opposition / resistance |
||||||||
|
8. proof / evidence 9. discount / reduction |
10. proximity |
|||||||||
|
/ closeness 11. appointment / meeting |
12. customers / |
|||||||||
|
clients |
13. |
work / |
employment |
14. |
benefits / |
|||||
|
advantages 15. requirements / prerequisites |
16. acclaim |
|||||||||
|
/ praise |
17. code / rules |
18. liability / responsibility |
||||||||
|
19. |
choices |
/ |
options |
20. staff |
/ |
personnel |
||||
|
21. cooperation / collaboration |
22. charisma / (personal) |
|||||||||
|
appeal |
||||||||||
|
Exercise 2: |
||||||||||
|
1. |
reviews / |
write-ups |
2. |
advertising |
/ publicity |
3. customers / patrons 4. categories / classifications (we
|
could also use plans here) |
5. ending / termination |
||||||||
|
6. entitlement / rights |
7. calibre / intellect and ability |
||||||||
|
8. specialist / expert |
9. assignment / job |
10. notion / |
|||||||
|
idea |
11. |
proficiency / |
skill |
12. achievement / |
|||||
|
accomplishment |
13. ultimatum / final demand |
||||||||
|
14. |
disparity |
/ difference |
15. proceeds |
/ |
earnings |
||||
|
16. |
terms |
/ |
conditions |
17. |
questions |
/ |
queries |
||
|
18. |
outlets |
/ |
shops |
19. problems / |
complications |
20.strategy / plan 21. priority / precedence
22.revisions / changes
Similar meanings 2: Verbs (pages 51–52)
|
Across: 4. assist 9. consent 11. clarify |
12. reserve |
||
|
13. regulate |
14. analyse |
16. gather |
17. address |
|
24. select |
26. generate |
28. administer |
30. confirm |
|
33. audit |
34. |
brief |
35. relate |
37. quantify |
|
39. deduct |
41. oblige 42. widen 43. employ |
|||
|
Down: 1. finalise |
2. imply |
3. consult |
4. accelerate |
|
|
5. handle |
6. |
retain |
7. attend |
8. convey |
|
9. compensate 10. disclose |
12. resolve |
15. substitute |
||
|
18. dictate |
19. assert |
20. advertise |
21. avert |
|
|
22. deplete |
23. reclaim |
25. endorse |
27. prohibit |
|
|
29. influence |
31. award |
32. attempt |
36. ascertain |
|
|
38. acquire |
40. explain |
Similar meanings 3: Adjectives (pages 53-54)
|
Exercise 1: |
||||||||||
|
1. |
extensive |
2. mandatory |
3. resolute |
4. adequate |
||||||
|
5. inconsistent |
6. thorough |
7. overall |
8. scrupulous |
|||||||
|
9. |
discourteous |
10. restricted |
11. vibrant 12. out- |
|||||||
|
dated |
13. abundant |
14. pertinent |
15. inflexible |
|||||||
|
16. risky |
17. basic 18. narrow |
19. abrupt |
20. crucial |
|||||||
|
Exercise 2: |
||||||||||
|
1. prospective |
2. enduring |
3. rudimentary |
4. thriving |
|||||||
|
5. |
voluntary |
6. tedious |
7. steady |
8. disparate |
||||||
|
9. |
profitable |
10. lengthy |
11. nominal |
12. integral |
||||||
|
13. exceptional |
14. compatible |
15. perceptive |
||||||||
|
16. punctual |
17. legitimate |
18. |
industrious |
|||||||
|
19. disciplinary |
20. inventive |
21. important |
22. modern |
|||||||
|
23. diverse 24. efficient |
25. flexible |
26. bankrupt |
On the telephone (pages 55–56)
Exercise 1:
1. engaged / call…back 2. put…through / Hold the line 3. connect / message / voicemail / convenient 4. automated services / zeroing out (= pressing the zero key in the hope that you will speak to someone) / dead / cut off 5. tone / get…back 6. on hold / camping on the line (= waiting on hold or a long time) 7. junk calls (= unsolicited cold calls from companies trying to sell you something) 8. Speaking (= I am the person you want to speak to) / on behalf of / hung up 9. extension / direct line / switchboard / hang on 10. star (= *) / hash (= #)
Exercise 2:
1. as a matter of fact 2. as soon as possible 3. be right back 4. by the way 5. for crying out loud (= an exclamation of frustration and anger) 6. for what it’s worth (= an expression used when giving your opinion about something, usually to someone who has received some bad news and you are trying to make them feel a bit
|
better) |
7. ha ha only kidding (humorous. Kidding |
|
= joking) |
8. hope this helps 9. I am not a lawyer (used |
humorously when someone asks you a complicated question, especially about legal matters) 10. in my opinion 11. in other words 12. keep it simple, stupid (humorous. It can also mean keep it short and simple) 13. my eyes glaze over (humorous, used for saying that
|
something is extremely boring) |
14. mind your own |
|
business (usually humorous) |
15. on the other hand |
|
16. with respect to |
Note that, sometimes, abbreviations use letters that are not used at the beginning of the word, but are instead pronounced like the word itself. For example, ‘CUL‘ means ‘See you later‘. Numbers are also used to represent words or parts of words. For example, ‘UR2L8‘ means ‘You are too late‘.
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Answer key
When we say telephone numbers, we usually speak each number individually. For example: 020 7837 7324 is usually spoken as ‘Oh two oh / seven eight three seven / seven three two four‘.
If a number is doubled, we normally say ‘double‘ before it. For example: 0845 601 5884 is usually spoken as ‘Oh eight four five / six oh one / five double eight four‘
If a telephone number has one or more zeros after a number, and no numbers after it, we often say it as one number. For example: 0800 800 151 is often spoken as ‘Oh eight hundred / eight hundred / one five one‘.
Six-figure numbers are becoming increasingly spoken as three separate numbers. For example: 0800 201215 is spoken ‘Oh eight hundred / twenty / twelve / fifteen‘.
Trade (pages 57–58)
Here are the complete sentences, with the answers in bold.
When you bring goods into a country you import them. When you send them out of a country you export them.
A group of manufacturers or suppliers who visit another country to increase their sales there is known as a trade delegation.
Cargo — also called freight — is a general word for goods which are transported in a ship, plane etc. It is usually carried in a container (= a very large metal case of a standard size).
A bill of lading is a list of goods being transported, which the transporter gives to the person sending the goods, to show them that the goods have been loaded. The person receiving the goods should receive a packing list, showing them the goods that they should be receiving.
A letter of credit — often abbreviated to L/C — is a document issued by a bank on behalf of a customer authorising payment to a supplier when conditions specified in the document are met.
A pro-forma invoice is an invoice sent to a buyer before the goods are sent, so that payment can be made (or so that goods can be sent to a consignee who is not the buyer).
COD is a payment which is made for goods when they arrive. COD stands for cash on delivery.
A group of goods sent for sale by road, sea or air is called a consignment.
CIF refers to the price a buyer has to pay for goods which have to be transported. It stands for cost, insurance and freight.
Goods sent by air are called airfreight. Goods sent by sea are called seafreight.
FOB stand for free on board. It refers to the price a buyer pays a seller for goods. The price includes all the seller’s costs until the goods are on the ship, plane, etc, for transportation.
Import duty — also sometimes called an import levy — is a tax which has to be paid on goods coming into a country. A customs tariff is a list of those taxes that must be paid.
A person or company which arranges shipping and customs documents is called a forwarding agent.
If tax on imported goods is not paid, those goods may be impounded (in other words, they are kept in a secure warehouse at or near the port of entry until that tax is paid).
A clearing agent arranges the import and delivery of goods at their port of destination.
As soon as goods are allowed into a country by the customs officer, we can say that they have been cleared.
A record of the international trading position of a country in merchandise (= goods), excluding invisible trade, is called the balance of trade.
A wholesale price is a price paid by customers (for example, shops) who buy goods in large quantities. They sell these goods to individual customers (for example, shoppers) at a higher price which is called the retail price. Some offer discounts to their customers, which means they pay a little less
A licensing agreement allows a company to market or produce goods or services owned by another company, and is a popular means for a company to penetrate the overseas market.
A quota is a limited amount of a good that can be brought into a country (usually as an incentive for people to buy home-produced versions of that good). This is an example of a trade barrier.
When goods are sold within one country, they are transported to their place of sale by a distributor.
Business travel (pages 59–60)
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Exercise 1: |
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1. delayed |
2. overbooked |
3. tourist or coach or |
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economy |
4. embarkation or boarding 5. transit 6. gate |
7. non-stop (a direct flight may land somewhere between its departure point and its destination, although the passengers do not need to change planes, and may not even need to leave the plane they are on. For example, a direct flight from London to Singapore may land, or stop
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over, in Dubai for a couple of hours) |
8. |
domestic |
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9. single or one-way / return trip or round-trip |
10. credit |
limit 11. crew 12. commuters 13. carrier or airline 14. comprehensive 15. 4×4 (pronounced four by four, also called an SUV)
Exercise 2:
1. schedule or itinerary 2. trip (voyage does not really work here, as this word usually refers to a long journey by
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land or sea) |
3. valid (validate is a verb) |
4. runs out or |
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expires (although expires is a better word) |
5. visa |
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6. embassy |
7. traveller’s |
cheques |
8. |
currency |
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9. exchange |
10. deal 11. commission |
12. insurance |
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13. vaccinations 14. provider |
15. network |
Exercise 3:
1. At the airport (at the check-in desk) or at a hotel (when you check into your room) 2. Your baggage weighs more than the allowed amount, and so you have to pay extra money for the airline to carry it 3. Your flight has been overbooked (see number 2 in Exercise 1) and your
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seat has been given to someone else |
4. You want to |
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move to a higher class of travel (for |
example, from |
economy class to business class) 5. Transport from the airport to your hotel or another place at your destination 6. No. Passengers flying between countries in the EU (the European Union) are not allowed a duty free allowance (ie, alcohol, cigarettes, perfume, etc, on which a special tax has to be paid) 7. fare 8. A ticket for a journey (especially one by aircraft) which is stored in a computer and is not given to the passenger (who usually has a receipt for the ticket instead) 9. No. Jet lag is usually experienced by people flying from west to east, and vice versa. Cape Town is in the same time zone as London, so passengers should not be affected by time changes 10. Full board accommodation means that the price of
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Answer key
Answer key
your room includes all meals; half board includes room, breakfast and your evening meal; bed and breakfast (B and B) includes your room and breakfast only. 11. A single room has one small bed, a twin room has two small beds, a double room has one large bed, a suite has one large bed and will also have a separate area with a sofa, armchair, etc, for relaxing 12. The full price for staying in a room, with no discount 13. (a) housekeeping, (b) reception, (c) maintenance, (d) switchboard, (e) room service, (f) concierge 14. wardrobe, safe, mini bar, balcony, air conditioning, tea and coffee facilities, Internet access, iron, television, remote control (for the television and / or air conditioning) 15. Probably not: the adjectives in italics are negative 16. In many situations where a service is provided, such as in a taxi, in a restaurant, at a hairdresser, at a hotel when the porter carries your bags to your room, etc.
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Word association (page 61) |
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1. pension |
2. business |
3. job |
4. price |
5. corporate |
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6. cost |
7. tax |
8. industrial |
9. minimum |
10. salary |
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11. strike |
12. shift |
13. management |
14. health |
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15. labour |
16. employment |
17. insurance |
18. career |
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19. market |
20. income |
21. customer |
22. private |
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23. staff |
24. |
group |
25. |
contract |
26. sales |
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27. personal |
28. brand |
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Working hours and time off work (pages 62–64) |
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Exercise 1: |
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1. time-keeping |
2. |
allowed |
time |
3. job-share |
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4. flexitime |
5. flexileader |
6. flexilagger |
7. unsocial |
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hours |
8. full-time |
9. part-time |
10. double time |
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11. time and a half |
12. overtime |
13. core time |
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14. shift transfer |
15. fixed hours 16. rotating shifts |
17. graveyard shift 18. homeworking (people who do this are sometimes referred to as open-collar workers) 19. roster 20. clock off (used informally even if you do not use a card and machine: «Right, that’s it. I’m clocking off for the day«. We can also say clock out. When we
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arrive for work we clock on or clock in) |
21. time sheet |
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22. Flexible Work Regulations (see |
note *1 below) |
23. work-life balance (see note *2 below) 24. shift differentials 25. twilight shift 26. job rotation
*1: In Britain, the Working Time Directive of 1998 (based on guidelines set by the European Union) sets out the following regulations: Employees should work no more than 48 hours a week, and should receive a minimum of 4 weeks’ paid leave a year. They should have a weekly rest period of at least 24 consecutive hours, a daily break of at least 20 minutes for every six hours worked, and a daily rest period of 11 consecutive hours. There are different directives for some groups (e.g., pilots, bus drivers, doctors, etc) whose jobs are more stressful, demand greater concentration, or whose performance might affect other people.
*2: Work-life balance is the subject of widespread debate
on how to allow employees more control over their working arrangements so that they have more time for their outside activities and responsibilities, but in a way that will still benefit the organisations they work for. Flexible working practices and family-friendly policies are two areas of work-life balance that are frequently the focus of debate.
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Exercise 2: |
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1. medical (also called a doctor’s certificate) |
2. statutory |
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(SSP = statutory sick pay) |
3. maternity |
4. unpaid |
5. gardening 6. sabbatical (this word is especially used for teachers, university professors, etc, who take time away from their school or college) 7. absenteeism 8. public holiday (called a bank holiday in the UK, and a legal holiday in the USA) 9. long-service 10. entitlement 11. unauthorised (also spelt unauthorized. An employee who takes unauthorised leave is or goes AWOL: absent
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without leave) |
12. waiting |
13. absence |
14. in lieu |
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(usually abbreviated to TOIL) |
15. paternity |
16. casual |
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17. vacation |
18. benefit |
The expression in the shaded vertical strip is compassionate leave.
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Workplace problems (pages 65–66) |
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Exercise 1: |
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Paragraph (A) 1. dispute |
2. resolved 3. strike 4. arbitrate |
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Paragraph (B) |
1. fraud |
2. discrimination |
3. bullying |
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4. racial |
5. abuse |
6. sexual |
7. harassment 8. fired |
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9. suspended |
10. unfair |
11. dismissal (we can also say |
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wrongful dismissal) |
12. appeal |
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Paragraph (C) 1. breaches |
2. neglecting (this can also be |
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a noun: neglect of duties) |
3. insubordination |
4. damage |
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5. disciplinary |
6. board |
7. instant |
8. dismissal |
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9. zero tolerance |
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Paragraph |
(D) 1. |
shortages |
2. overstretched |
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3. grievance |
4. walkout |
5. verbal 6. warning (after a |
verbal warning, an employee might receive a written warning) 7. notice (when a company asks you for your notice, they are politely telling you that they are going to force you to resign)
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Paragraph (E) 1. dropped |
2. |
redundant |
3. resigned |
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4. bankrupt |
5. hacked 6. virus 7. crashed 8. order |
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(out of order = broken / not working) |
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Paragraph (F) 1. plateauing |
2. stimulation |
3. motivation |
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4. initiative |
5. productivity 6. implement |
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Paragraph (G) 1. turnover |
2. retention |
3. conflict |
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4. absenteeism |
5. timekeeping |
6. misconduct 7. morale |
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8. industrial |
9. counsel |
10. grievances |
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Exercise 2: |
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1. absenteeism |
2. plateauing |
3. counsel |
4. turnover |
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5. redundant |
6. dispute |
7. overstretched |
8. arbitrate |
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9. discrimination |
10. harassment |
11. grievance |
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12. motivation |
13. misconduct |
14. breach |
15. walkout |
16. initiative 17. insubordination (usually used in a work
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environment where there |
are |
strict rules and a strict |
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hierarchy) |
18. appeal |
19. |
verbal |
20. implement |
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21. notice |
22. morale |
76
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Главная » Английский язык » 3. Write a sentence for each word/phrase. 1) (at the moment) 2) (on Sundays) 3) (in the summer) 4) (always) 5) (right now) 6) (in the winter) 7) (never) 5. White the questions and then answer them.
ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE FOR INTERMEDIATE
UNIT 137. Phrasal verbs 1 General points
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A |
We often use verbs with the following
So you can say look out /get on /take off /run away etc. These are phrasal verbs.
For more phrasal verbs, see Units 138-145. |
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B |
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C |
Sometimes a phrasal verb has an object. So you can say: Some more examples: |
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EXERCISES
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137.1 |
Complete each sentence using a verb
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137.2 |
Complete the sentences using a word
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137.3 |
Complete the sentences using these
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137.4 |
Use your own ideas to complete the
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ANSWER KEY