Use adverbs in a sentence for each word

Adverbs can take different positions in a sentence. It depends on the type of sentence and on what role the adverb plays and what words the adverb defines, characterizes, describes.

Most often, we put adverbs after the verb but before adjectives, other adverbs, or participles.

She walked quickly away.
He runs slowly along.

Adverb and three main positions

There are three main positions for an adverb in a sentence:

• before the verb
• at the beginning of a sentence
• at the end of a sentence

Let’s look at these positions separately.

At the end

We put an Adverb at the end of a sentence after the predicate and the object.

The water is rising fast.

At the beginning

We put an adverb at the beginning of a sentence before the subject.

Today I have a piano lesson.

In the middle

Most often, we put an adverb in the middle of a sentence. But “middle” is not an accurate concept. Where exactly this middle is located, it depends on the words next to which we use the adverb.

1. In interrogative sentences, we put an adverb between the subject and the main verb.

Did he often go out like that?

1. If the predicate in the sentence is only one verb, then we put the adverb before the verb.

You rarely agree with me.

1. If the predicate contains more than one word, then we put the adverb after the modal verb or after the auxiliary verb (if there is a modal verb or auxiliary verb).

You must never do this again.

There are adverbs that we can put before a modal verb or an auxiliary verb.

He surely can prepare for this.

Adverb placement depending on the type of adverb

The place of an adverb depends on what type of adverbs it belongs to. Different adverbs can appear in different places.

Adverbs of manner

We usually use Adverbs of manner:

• before main verbs
• after auxiliary verbs
• at the end of the sentence

1. If the verb is in the Passive Voice, then we use an adverb between the auxiliary verb and the verb in the third form.
2. We usually use Adverbs of manner after the verb or after the Object.
3. We can NOT use an Adverb of manner between the verb and direct object. If the sentence has a verb and a direct object, then we use an adverb of manner before the verb or after the object.
4. Usually we put an adverb of manner that answers the question HOW after the verb or after the verb and the object.

She held the baby gently.
We are running slowly.

1. We usually put the adverbs well, fast, quickly, immediately, slowly at the end of a sentence.

I wrote him an answer immediately.
The truck picked up speed slowly.

Adverbs of Frequency

Adverbs of frequency are adverbs that indicate how often, with what frequency an action occurs.

Adverbs of frequency answer the question “How often?“

1. Most often we put Adverbs of frequency before the main verb.
2. We can use normally, occasionally, sometimes, usually at the beginning of a sentence or at the end of a sentence.
3. We usually put Adverbs of frequency that accurately describe the time (weekly, every day, every Saturday) at the end of a sentence.

We have another board meeting on Monday.
I wish we could have fried chicken every week.
Maybe we could do this every month.

1. We put Adverbs of frequency after the verb to be if the sentence contains the verb to be in the form of Present Simple or Past Simple.

My routine is always the same.

1. We often use usually, never, always, often, sometimes, ever, rarely in the middle of a sentence.

I often wish I knew more about gardening.

1. We can use usually at the beginning of a sentence.

Usually, I keep it to myself.

Adverbs of degree

Adverbs of degree express the degree to which something is happening. These are such adverbs as:

• almost
• absolutely
• completely
• very
• quite
• extremely
• rather
• just
• totally

1. We put Adverbs of degree in the middle of a sentence.
2. We put Adverbs of degree after Auxiliary Verbs.
3. We put Adverbs of degree after modal verbs.

I feel really guilty about that.

1. We put Adverbs of degree before adjectives.

When guns speak it is too late to argue.

1. We put Adverbs of degree before other adverbs.

He loses his temper very easily.

1. Sometimes we put Adverbs of degree before modal verbs and before auxiliary verbs. Usually, we use such adverbs as:

• certainly
• definitely
• really
• surely

You definitely could have handled things better.
I think I really could have won.

1. The adverb enough is an exception to this rule. We put the Adverb enough after the word it characterizes.

I have lived long enough.

Adverbs of place and time

Let’s see where we use the adverbs of place and adverbs of time.

1. Most often we put the adverb of place and time at the end of the sentence.

I thought you didn’t have family nearby.
They found her place in Miami yesterday.

1. We put monosyllabic adverbs of time (for example, such as now, then, soon) before main verbs but after auxiliary verbs including the verb to be.

Now imagine you see another woman.
Yes, he is now a respectable man.

1. We can use adverbs of place and time at the very beginning of a sentence when we want to make the sentence more emotional.

Today, we have to correct his mistakes.

1. We put the adverbs here and there at the end of the sentence.

Independent thought is not valued there.

1. Most often we put adverbs of place and time after the verb or verb + object.

I can’t change what happened yesterday.
You have to attend my wedding next month.

1. Most often we put such adverbs as towards, outside, backward, everywhere, nearby, downstairs, southward, at the end of the sentence or in the middle of the sentence, but immediately after the verb.

I made iced tea and left it downstairs.
With this speaker, you can hear everything outside.
I can run backward!

1. We put adverbs of time that accurately define the time (for example, yesterday, now, tomorrow) at the end of the sentence.

The ship is going to be back tomorrow.

He wants it to happen now.

If we want to emphasize time, we can put an adverb that accurately specifies the time at the beginning of the sentence.

Tomorrow I’m moving to Palais Royal.

Adverbs that show the speaker’s degree of confidence.

Let’s talk about the place in the sentence occupied by Adverbs that show the speaker’s degree of confidence in what the speaker is saying.

1. We can put at the beginning of the sentence such adverbs as:

• definitely
• perhaps
• probably
• certainly
• clearly
• maybe
• obviously

Certainly, you have an opinion about that.

Definitely think twice before correcting one of your mistakes again.

Maybe someone else was in her apartment that night.

We can also put adverbs like this in the middle of a sentence:

They’ll probably name a street after me.
This assumption is clearly no longer valid.

Adverbs that emphasize the meaning of the word they describe

The next group of adverbs is adverbs that emphasize the meaning of the word they describe.

1. Look at the following adverbs:

• very
• really
• terribly
• extremely
• almost
• quite
• pretty

We usually put such adverbs in the middle of the sentence before the word that these adverbs characterize.

He is very tired.
She found it extremely difficult to get a job.
I’m quite happy to wait for you here.

Adverbs defining a verb

1. We put an adverb after the verb to be. If the adverb defines the verb to be in one of its forms.

He was never a good man.

1. If an adverb defines another adverb or adjective, then we put such an adverb most often before the word that it defines.

I can see it quite clearly.
They walked rather slowly.

Adverbs connecting sentences

Adverbs can connect sentences in a logical sequence.

Such adverbs can appear at the beginning of the sentence or in the middle of the sentence. These are such adverbs as:

• next
• anyway
• however
• besides
• next

Adverbs that explain the speaker’s point of view

Let’s take a look at Adverbs that explain the speaker’s point of view in what he says.

• fortunately
• surprisingly
• personally

We most often put them at the beginning of the sentence.

Honestly, I wish I had time to do more reading.
Often their homes are their only major material possession.

We can put some of these adverbs at the end of a sentence.

I know what you’ve done for me, honestly.

Always, Never, and Only

Now let’s talk about some adverbs separately. These are very popular adverbs that we often use in English.

1. Always and never.

We usually put always and never in the middle of the sentence before the verb they define.

The bread always falls buttered side down.
Love is never paid but with true love.

1. Only.

Only is an incredibly popular adverb. Most often, we put only before the word that the adverb only characterizes.

Wisdom is only found in truth.
A man can only die once.

Additional tips

If we have two or more adverbs to define one verb, then the order of these adverbs should be as follows:

1. Adverb of manner
2. Adverb of place
3. Adverb of time

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What is an Adverb?

An adverb is a word that is used to change, modify or qualify several types of words including an adjective, a verb, a clause, another adverb, or any other type of word or phrase, with the exception of determiners and adjectives, that directly modify nouns. A good way to understand adverbs is to think about them as the words that provide context. Specifically, adverbs provide a description of how, where, when, in what manner and to what extent something is done or happens. Normally, we can spot an adverb by the fact that it often ends in –ly, but there are lots of adverbs that don’t end in this way. Moreover, adverbs can be used in many combinations with each other.

Traditionally considered a single part of speech, adverbs perform a wide variety of functions, making it difficult to treat them as a single, unified category. However, spotting an adverb, especially one that ends in -ly is easy. Adverbs normally help paint a fuller picture by describing how something happens, such as

• When? She always arrives early.
• How? He drives carefully.
• Where? They go everywhere together.
• In what way? She eats slowly.
• To what extent? It is terribly hot.

This function of providing more information about how something is done is called the adverbial function, and it may be accomplished by using adverbial clauses and adverbial phrases as well as by adverbs that stand alone.

There are many rules for using adverbs, and these rules often depend upon which type of adverb you are using. Remember these basics and using adverbs to make sentences more meaningful will be easier for you.

• Adverbs can always be used to modify verbs. Notice that the second of these two sentences is much more interesting simply because it contains an adverb:
  • The dog ran. (You can picture a dog running, but you don’t really know much more about the scene.)
  • The dog ran excitedly. (You can picture a dog running, wagging its tail, panting happily, and looking glad to see its owner. You can paint a much more interesting picture in your head when you know how or why the dog is running.)
• Adverbs are often formed by adding the letters “-ly” to adjectives. This makes it very easy to identify adverbs in sentences. There are many exceptions to this rule; everywhere, nowhere, and upstairs are a few examples.
• An adverb can be used to modify an adjective and intensify the meaning it conveys. For example:
  • My math teacher is incredibly patient.
  • This movie is more interesting than the first one.

As you read the following adverb examples, you’ll notice how these useful words modify other words and phrases by providing information about the place, time, manner, certainty, frequency, or other circumstances of activity denoted by the verbs or verb phrases in the sentences.

Types of Adverbs

Adverbs of Manner

An adverb of manner will explain how an action is carried out. Very often adverbs of manner are adjectives with -ly added to the end, but this is certainly not always the case. In fact, some adverbs of manner will have the same spelling as the adjective form.
Some examples of adverbs of manner include:

1. Slowly
2. Rapidly
3. Clumsily
4. Badly
5. Diligently
6. Sweetly
7. Warmly
8. Sadly

Adverb of manner examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

• She passed the exam easily.
• They walk quickly to catch the train.
• The dinner party went badly.
• John answered the question correctly.

Notice how the adverbs are formed by adding -ly to the adjectives bad, correct and quick, although there is a slight spelling change when forming an adverb with the adjective easy.

As mentioned, some adverbs of manner take the same spelling as the adjective and never add an -ly to the end:

• The boys had worked hard.
• The car drives
• Julia dances well.

Adverbs of place

An adverb of place, sometimes called spatial adverbs, will help explain where an action happens. Adverbs of place will be associated with the action of the verb in a sentence, providing context for direction, distance and position: southeast, everywhere, up, left, close by, back, inside, around. These terms don’t usually end in -ly.

Adverbs of place examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

Directions

• New York is located north of Philadelphia.
• They traveled down the mountainside.
• First, I looked here, and then I looked there, but I can’t find them anywhere.

Notice that here and there are often used at the beginning of a sentence to express emphasis or in exclamation.

• Here comes the sun.
• There is love in the air.
• Here you are!

Many times, adverbs of place can be used as prepositions as well. The difference is, when the phrase is used as an adverb, it is modifying a verb; when it is used as a preposition, it is always followed by a noun.

• New York is located north of Philadelphia -> New York is on the map.
• They travelled down river -> They travelled in the first compartment.
• That puppy was walking around by itself-> We put a collar around its neck.

Distance

• There was a deli
• Jane is moving far away.
• Carly is sitting close to me.

Position

• The treasure lies underneath the box.
• The cat is sleeping on the bed.
• Why are you standing in the middle of the dancefloor?

In addition, some adverbs of position will refer to a direction of movement. These often end in -ward or -wards.

• Oscar travelled onward to Los Angeles.
• Hannah looked upwards to the heavens.
• Molly, move forward to the front of the queue, please.

Adverbs of Frequency

Adverbs of frequency are used to express time or how often something occurs. Adverbs of frequency can be split two main groups. The first, adverbs of indefinite frequency, are terms that have an unclear meaning as to how long are how often something occurs: usually, always, normally. These adverbs will usually be placed after the main verb or between the auxiliary verb and infinitive.

Adverbs of frequency examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

• The adverb is usually placed before the main verb.
• I can normally make the shot.
• I will always love

Adverbs of definite frequency will usually be placed at the end of the sentence.

• We get paid hourly.
• I come here
• The situation seems to change monthly.
• The newspaper is bought daily.

Adverbs of Time

Adverbs of time, while seemingly similar to adverbs of frequency, tell us when something happens. Adverbs of time are usually placed at the end of a sentence.

Adverbs of time examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

• I will see you
• Harvey forgot his lunch yesterday and again today.
• I have to go now.
• We first met Julie last year.

While it’s almost always correct to have the adverb of time at the end of the sentence, you can place it at the start of the sentence to put a different emphasis on the time if it is important to the context.

• Last year was the worst year of my life.
• Tomorrow our fate will be sealed.
• Yesterday my troubles seemed so far away.

Adverbs of Purpose

Adverbs of purpose, sometimes called adverbs of reason, help to describe why something happened. They can come in the form of individual words – so, since, thus, because – but also clauses – so that, in order to. Notice in the examples that the adverbs of purpose are used to connect sentences that wouldn’t make sense if they were formed alone.

Adverbs of purpose examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

• I was sick, thus didn’t go to work today.
• I started jogging so that I wouldn’t be late.
• Because I was late, I jogged a little faster.
• Since it’s your birthday, I will buy you a gift.

Positions of Adverbs

The positions of adverbs are not a fixed or set thing. As you have seen, adverbs can appear in different position in a sentence. However, there are some rules that help us decide where an adverb should be positioned. The rules will be different depending on whether the adverb is acting to modify an adjective or another adverb, a verb or what type of adverb it is.

Positional adverb examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

Adverb position with adjectives and other adverbs

These adverbs will usually be placed before the adjective or adverb being modified:

• We gave them a really tough match. The adverb really modifies the adjective tough.
• It was quite windy that night. The adverb quite modifies the adjective windy.
• We don’t go to the movies terribly often. The adverb terribly modifies the adverb often.

Adverb position with verbs

This can be a bit trickier because, it will depend on the type of adverb – place, position, time etc. – and there are many exceptions to the rules. However, a basic set of guidelines is shown below:

Adverbs of manner or place are usually positioned at the end of the sentence:

• She laughed timidly.
• I stroked the cat gently.
• Janine lived here.
• There is money everywhere.

As mentioned, if the adverb is of definite time it will be placed at the end of the sentence.

• I did it yesterday.
• We can discuss it tomorrow.
• Let’s go to Paris next week.

However, if it is an indefinite period of time, it will go between the subject and main verb.

• We often go to Paris in the springtime.
• Debbie regularly swims here.
• Bobby and Audrey always loved fishing by the lake.

Order of Adverbs

Adverb order is so important it has clear rules. It’s already mentioned that some adverbs will act to modify another, but how do you decide the structure of a sentence with several adverbs? Thankfully, there is a simple set of rules to follow, called the order of adverbs. Handily, the order of adverbs, sometimes also called the royal order of adverbs, can help us determine sentence structure too. In short, the adverbs get preference (are placed first) in the following order:

1. Adverbs of manner.
2. Adverbs of place.
3. Adverbs of frequency.
4. Adverbs of time.
5. Adverbs of purpose.

Consider this sentence:

I run (verb) quickly (manner) down the road (place) every morning (frequency) before school (time) because (purpose) I might miss the bus.

While it is good to remember the order of adverbs, there is always flexibility with language, and we have already mentioned that adverbs of time and frequency can be placed at the start of a sentence to change the emphasis. So, bottom line: think of the order of adverbs as more of a guideline than a rule that can’t be broken.

Examples of Adverbs

As you read each of the following adverb examples, note that the adverbs have been italicized for easy identification. Consider how replacing the existing adverbs with different ones would change the meaning of each sentence.

1. She was walking rapidly.
2. The kids love playing together in the sandbox.
3. Please come inside now.
4. His jokes are always very
5. You don’t really care, do you?

Adverbs Exercises

The following exercises will help you gain greater understanding about how adverbs work. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

1. The driver stopped the bus _______________.
   A. Financially
   B. Exactly
   C. Abruptly
   D. Now

Answer: C. The driver stopped the bus abruptly.

1. During autumn, colorful leaves can be seen falling ______________ from trees.
   A. Everywhere
   B. Very
   C. Gently
   D. Loudly

Answer: C. During autumn, colorful leaves can be seen falling gently from trees.

1. My grandmother always smiled _______________.
   A. Cheerfully
   B. Sadly
   C. Never
   D. Yesterday

Answer: A. My grandmother always smiled cheerfully.

1. After the party, confetti was strewn _________________.
   A. Blandly
   B. Everywhere
   C. Later
   D. Carefully

Answer: B. After the party, confetti was strewn everywhere.

1. It’s time to go ____________.
   A. Before
   B. Now
   C. Yesterday
   D. Lightly

Answer: B. It’s time to go now.

Adverbs List

There are many different words that function as adverbs. The following list is broken down into segments which list adverbs by function. After reading, you will be able to think of additional adverbs to add to your own list – after all, there are thousands.

Many adverbs end in “-ly”. This makes it very easy to spot the adverbs in most sentences.

Abruptly

Boldly

Carefully

Deliberately

Excitedly

Financially

Horribly

Mildly

Naughtily

Openly

Poorly

Quickly

Sadly

Terribly

Willingly

Yearly

Some adverbs tell us where the action happened. These are known as adverbs of place.

Everywhere

Here

Inside

There

Underground

Upstairs

Certain adverbs let us know when or how often the action happened. These are known as adverbs of time and adverbs of frequency.

After

Always

Before

Later

Now

Today

Yesterday

Many adverbs tell us the extent of the action.

Almost

Enough

So

Too

Quite

Rather

Very

Some adverbs are used as intensifiers.

Absolutely

Certain

Completely

Heartily

Really

Certain adverbs called adverbs of manner tell us about the way in which something was done.

Briskly

Cheerfully

Expectantly

Randomly

Willingly

Some groups of words serve the same functions as adverbs. These are known as adverb clauses. Be sure to read the adverb clause section to learn new ways to make your sentences even more interesting.

Words which are used to modify verbs or adjectives are usually referred to as adverbs. For instance, the adverbs in the following sentences are printed in bold type, and the words they modify are underlined.
e.g. I often visit the library.
It is surprisingly hot today.
In the first example, the adverb often modifies the verb visit. In the second example, the adverb surprisingly modifies the adjective hot.

Words which are used to modify adverbs can also be referred to as adverbs.
e.g. The train travels very quickly.
In this example, the adverb very modifies the adverb quickly.

1. Adverbs which modify adjectives and other adverbs

Adverbs which modify adjectives or other adverbs usually immediately precede the words they modify.
e.g. The package is extremely large.
We experienced relatively few difficulties.
Buses depart quite regularly.
In these examples, the underlined adverbs immediately precede the words they modify. Extremely modifies the adjective large, relatively modifies the adjective few, and quite modifies the adverb regularly.

The adverbs ago and enough are exceptional, since they usually follow the adjectives or adverbs they modify.
e.g. That happened long ago.
He is old enough to make his own decisions.
We ran fast enough to catch the bus.
In these examples, the adverbs ago and enough follow the words they modify. Ago modifies the adverb long, and enough modifies the adjective old and the adverb fast.

It should be noted that in modern English, when enough is used as an adjective modifying a noun, it precedes the noun. For instance, in the following example, the adjective enough precedes the noun apples.
e.g. Do we have enough apples to make a pie?

However, when ago is used with a noun, it follows the noun. For instance, in the following example, ago follows the noun months.
e.g. That happened six months ago.
The reason for this may be found in the history of the word. Ago, formerly spelled agone, was originally a past participle.

a. Intensifiers

An adverb which is used to modify adjectives and adverbs, but which is not usually used to modify verbs, can be referred to as an intensifier. In the following examples, the intensifiers are printed in bold type.
e.g. I am very happy.
The film was quite good.
You did that rather well.
Must you leave so soon?
In these examples, very modifies the adjective happy, quite modifies the adjective good, rather modifies the adverb well, and so modifies the adverb soon.

The following words are commonly used as intensifiers:

fairly
quite
rather
so
too
very

In addition, the word really is often used as an intensifier in informal English.
e.g. The film was really good.
You did that really well.

2. Adverbs which modify verbs

The following table gives examples of six different types of adverb which can be used to modify verbs.

a. Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of frequency answer the question How often?

An adverb which modifies a verb may occupy one of three main positions in a clause. These positions may be referred to as the beginning position, the middle position, and the end position. Adverbs of frequency may occupy any of these positions. In the following examples, the adverbs of frequency are printed in bold type.

An adverb in the beginning position is located at the beginning of a clause. For example:
Often the wind blows less strongly at night.
In this example, the adverb of frequency often is located at the beginning of the clause.

Most adverbs can occupy the beginning position in a clause. The use of this position tends to emphasize the adverb.

An adverb in the end position occurs after an intransitive verb, or after the direct object of a transitive verb.
e.g. He speaks seldom.
I visit her frequently.
In the first example, seldom follows the intransitive verb speaks. In the second example, frequently follows the direct object her of the transitive verb visit.

Usually only one adverb at a time can occupy the beginning position or the middle position in a clause. However, more than one adverb at a time can occupy the end position in a clause.

When more than one adverb occurs in the end position, the different types of adverb are usually placed in a certain order. For instance, in the end position, adverbs of frequency usually follow adverbs of manner and adverbs of location, and precede adverbs of time and adverbs of purpose.

Adverbs of frequency which consist of single words most often occupy the middle position of a clause. The location of adverbs in the middle position varies depending on the type of verb used. Adverbs in the middle position occupy the locations indicated below:

1) They follow the Simple Present and Simple Past of the verb to be.
2) They precede the Simple Present and Simple Past of verbs other than the verb to be.
3) They follow the first auxiliary, in tenses which have auxiliaries.
4) They precede the first auxiliary, or the Simple Present or Simple Past of the verb to be, in short answers.

The following examples illustrate the use of adverbs of frequency in the middle position of a clause. The relevant verbs are underlined.
1) We are always on time.
2) He rarely makes a mistake.
3) I have often wondered about that.
4) Have you seen this movie before? No, I never have.
In the preceding examples, always follows are, the Simple Present of the verb to be; rarely precedes makes, the Simple Present of a verb other than the verb to be; often follows the first auxiliary have of the verb have wondered; and never precedes the auxiliary have in the short answer I never have.

See Exercise 1.

In negative statements, and negative questions with not, adverbs in the middle position of a clause usually follow the word not.
e.g. Negative Statement: They do not often miss the bus.
Question with Not: Does he not usually know the answers?
In these examples, the adverbs often and usually follow the word not.

In affirmative questions, and negative questions with n’t, adverbs in the middle position of a clause usually follow the subject of the clause. In the following examples, the subjects are underlined.
e.g. Affirmative Question: Is it always this cold in February?
Question with n’t: Doesn’t he usually know the answers?
In the first example, the adverb always follows the subject it. In the second example, the adverb usually follows the subject he.

It should be noted that the adverbs daily, weekly, monthly, yearly and annually usually do not occupy the middle position of a clause.

See Exercise 2.

Verbs may be modified not only by single-word adverbs, but also by adverb phrases and clauses. Like adverbs of frequency, adverb phrases and clauses of frequency answer the question How often?

Adverb phrases and clauses of frequency usually occupy either the beginning or end position of a clause.
e.g. Once in a while, I like to try something new.
We visited the museum as often as we could.
In the first example, the adverb phrase of frequency once in a while occupies the beginning position of the clause I like to try something new. In the second example, the adverb clause of frequency as often as we could occupies the end position of the clause We visited the museum.

It should be noted that except in the case of commonly used adverbs such as now, then , today, tomorrow, sometimes, usually, maybe and perhaps, adverbs and adverb phrases at the beginning of a clause must usually be followed by commas. In the following examples, the commas are underlined.
e.g. Unfortunately, it began to rain.
As often as possible, we went outside for a walk.

b. Adverbs of time

Adverbs of time answer the question When?

Adverbs of time usually occupy either the beginning position or the end position of a clause. In the following examples, the adverbs of time are printed in bold type.
e.g. Today I will go to the library.
I will go to the post office tomorrow.
In the first example, today occupies the beginning position of a clause. In the second example, tomorrow occupies the end position of a clause.

In the end position, adverbs of time usually follow adverbs of manner and adverbs of location.

With a few exceptions, such as now, then and once, most adverbs of time may not occupy the middle position of a clause.

The adverbs now, then and once may occupy any of the three positions in a clause. For instance, in the following examples, now occupies the first position, the middle position, and the end position of a clause.
e.g. Now it is time to leave.
It is now time to leave.
It is time to leave now.

It should be noted that sometimes is an adverb of frequency, whereas sometime is an adverb of time.
e.g. I sometimes see him in the park.
I would like to read that book sometime.
In the first example, the adverb of frequency sometimes occupies the middle position of a clause. In the second example, the adverb of time sometime occupies the end position of a clause.

Adverb phrases and clauses of time usually occupy either the beginning or end position of a clause.
e.g. At nine o’clock, the train will leave.
I will call you when I am ready.
In the first example, the adverb phrase at nine o’clock occupies the beginning position of the clause the train will leave. In the second example, the adverb clause when I am ready occupies the end position of the clause I will call you.

c. Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of manner answer the question How? Many adverbs of manner have the ending ly. The formation and use of adverbs of manner will be discussed in more detail in the next chapter.

Adverbs of manner most often occupy the end position of a clause, where they follow an intransitive verb, or the direct object of a transitive verb.
e.g. We waited patiently for the play to begin.
I sold the strawberries quickly.
In the first example, the adverb of manner patiently follows the intransitive verb waited. In the second example, the adverb of manner quickly follows the direct object strawberries of the transitive verb sold.

An adverb of manner may be placed at the beginning of a clause, in order to emphasize the idea expressed by the adverb.
e.g. Patiently, we waited for the show to begin.
Quickly, I sold the strawberries.
In these examples, the ideas expressed by patiently and quickly are emphasized.

Adverbs of manner are often placed in the middle position of a clause, particularly when the clause contains no adverb of frequency.
e.g. I slowly opened the door.
I have carefully considered all of the possibilities.
In the first example, the adverb of manner slowly precedes opened, a verb in the Simple Past. In the second example, the adverb of manner carefully follows the auxiliary have of the verb have considered.

In informal English, adverbs of manner are often placed immediately after the word to of an infinitive. When this is done, the infinitive is referred to as a split infinitive.
e.g. I wanted to carefully consider the situation.
In this example, the infinitive to consider is split by the adverb carefully.

However, in formal English, it is considered preferable not to use split infinitives. In formal English, the above example could be written:
I wanted to consider the situation carefully.

Adverb phrases and clauses of manner usually occupy the end position of a clause.
e.g. We arrived on foot.
We finished the work as quickly as we could.
In the first example, the adverb phrase of manner on foot follows the intransitive verb arrived. In the second example, the adverb clause of manner as quickly as we could follows the direct object work of the transitive verb finished.

Adverb phrases and clauses of manner are sometimes placed at the beginning of a clause, for emphasis. For example:
As quickly as we could, we finished the work.
In this example, the adverb clause as quickly as we could is emphasized.

d. Connecting adverbs

Adverbs such as however, nevertheless and therefore are often used to connect the ideas expressed by the clauses in which they occur to ideas expressed in previous clauses. In the following examples, the connecting adverbs are printed in bold type.

Connecting adverbs are often placed at the beginning of a clause.
e.g. I would like to go skiing. However, I have too much work to do.
She was very busy; nevertheless, she found time to go swimming.

In the first example, the adverb however, which occurs at the beginning of the clause I have too much work to do, connects the idea expressed in this clause with the idea expressed in the previous clause, I would like to go skiing. In the second example, the adverb nevertheless, which occurs at the beginning of the clause she found time to go swimming, connects the idea expressed in this clause with the idea expressed in the previous clause, she was very busy.

Many connecting adverbs may be placed in the middle position of a clause. This is often done when the clause contains no adverb of frequency.
e.g. I am, nevertheless, anxious to continue.
We thus had no difficulty finding the motel.
We have, therefore, decided to do it.

In the first example, nevertheless follows am, the Simple Present of the verb to be. In the second example, thus precedes had, the Simple Past of a verb other than the verb to be. In the third example, therefore follows the auxiliary have of the verb have decided.

The adverb however may occupy any of the three positions in a clause. As illustrated in the following examples, a connecting adverb is usually separated by commas from the rest of the sentence.
e.g. However, it has stopped snowing.
It has, however, stopped snowing.
It has stopped snowing, however.

It should be noted that the adverb instead is often placed at the end of a clause.
e.g. Because there was no meat, I bought fish instead.

Connecting adverb phrases are most often placed at the beginning of a clause. For example:
As a result, I decided to study hard.
In this example, the phrase as a result is placed at the beginning of the clause I decided to study hard.

The following table summarizes the most commonly used positions for the four different types of adverb discussed above.

See Exercise 3.

e. Adverb phrases and clauses of purpose

Adverb phrases and clauses of purpose answer the question Why? This question is usually answered by a phrase or clause, rather than by a single-word adverb. In the following examples, the adverb phrases and clauses of purpose are underlined.

Adverb phrases and clauses of purpose usually occupy the end position of a clause, and follow any other adverbs, or adverb phrases or clauses.
e.g. I went to the store yesterday to buy a coat.
I need to buy a new coat soon because my old one is worn out.
In the first example, the adverb phrase of purpose to buy a coat occupies the end position of a clause, following the adverb of time yesterday. In the second example, the adverb clause of purpose because my old one is worn out occupies the end position of a clause, following the adverb of time soon.

Adverb phrases or clauses of purpose are sometimes placed at the beginning of a clause, for emphasis.
e.g. To reach the airport on time, we had to complete the trip in two hours.
Because it was such a beautiful day, I decided to go for a walk.

In the first example, the adverb phrase of purpose to reach the airport on time is placed at the beginning of the clause we had to complete the trip in two hours. In the second example, the adverb clause because it was such a beautiful day is placed at the beginning of the clause I decided to go for a walk.

f. Adverbs of location

Adverbs of location answer the question Where?

Adverbs of location, and adverb phrases and clauses of location, most often occupy the end position of a clause, where they precede adverbs of time and adverbs of purpose. In the following examples, the adverbs and adverb phrases and clauses of location are underlined.
e.g. I am going there tomorrow.
He left his bicycle in the driveway last night.
I know the office where she works.

In the first example, the adverb of location there follows the verb am going, and precedes the adverb of time tomorrow. In the second example, the adverb phrase of location in the driveway follows the object bicycle of the verb left, and precedes the adverb phrase of time last night. In the third example, the adverb clause of location where she works follows the object office of the verb know.

It should be noted that the position of adverbs and adverb phrases and clauses of location relative to other types of adverb is affected by whether or not the verb being modified is a verb of motion.

A verb of motion is a verb which describes some type of movement. The verbs come, go, arrive, leave, walk, run and fly are examples of verbs of motion.

If the verb of a clause is not a verb of motion, the most usual order of the different types of adverb in the end position of a clause is as follows:

Adverb of Manner
Adverb of Location
Adverb of Time
Adverb of Purpose

The following example illustrates this order:

See Exercise 4.

The order may be varied if it is desired to emphasize one of the adverb phrases. For instance, the adverb phrase of time all afternoon could be given more emphasis by placing it immediately after the adverb patiently, as follows:
We waited patiently all afternoon outside the theater to buy tickets.

When the verb of a clause is a verb of motion, any adverb of location, or adverb phrase or clause of location, is usually placed immediately after the verb. The following table compares the position of adverbs following verbs of motion with the position of adverbs following other verbs.

The most usual Position of Adverbs following a Verb

It can be seen that the order of the adverbs following the two types of verb is the same except for the relative order of the adverb of location and the adverb of manner.

The following example illustrates the most usual order of the four different types of adverb phrase following a verb of motion:

See Exercise 5.
Adverbs and adverb phrases and clauses of location are sometimes placed at the beginning of a clause, for emphasis.
e.g. Here, the glacier deposited soil and rocks.
On the way to school, she saw a robin building its nest.
Wherever I look, I see signs of spring.
In these examples, the adverb here, the adverb phrase on the way to school and the adverb clause wherever I look are each placed at the beginning of a clause.

Adverbs of location usually cannot be placed in the middle position of a clause.

i. Here and There

The words here and there, indicating location, are often used at the beginning of a clause, followed by the verb to be.

In this construction, if the subject of the verb is a noun, the subject follows the verb.
e.g. Here are the tickets.
There was our bus.
In these examples, the noun subjects tickets and bus follow the verbs are and was.

However, if the subject of the verb is a personal pronoun, the subject precedes the verb.
e.g. Here they are.
There it was.
In these examples, the personal pronoun subjects they and it precede the verbs are and was.

When the subject follows the verb, care must be taken to make sure that the verb agrees with its subject.
e.g. Here is one of the examples.
There are his aunt and uncle.
In the first example, the verb is is singular to agree with the singular subject one. In the second example, the verb are is plural to agree with the plural subject his aunt and uncle.

See Exercise 6.

ii. There used as an introductory word

In addition to being used to indicate location, there can also be used as an introductory word, in clauses indicating the existence of something. There as an introductory word is often used with verbs such as to be, to appear and to seem. In the following examples, the verbs are underlined.
e.g. There is a public holiday on Monday.
There are three universities in the city.
There seem to be two possible answers to this question.

In affirmative statements using this construction, the subject follows the verb. In the following examples, the subjects are underlined.
e.g. There are only twenty-four hours in a day.
There seems to be a message for you.
In the first example, the verb are is plural, to agree with the plural subject hours. In the second example, the verb seems is singular, to agree with the singular subject message.

In questions using this construction, there follows the verb in the case of the Simple Present or Simple Past of the verb to be; otherwise, there follows the first auxiliary. In the case of the Simple Present and Simple Past of verbs other than the verb to be, the auxiliary to do must be used. In the following examples, the verbs are underlined.
e.g. Is there a post office near here?
Were there many people on the train?
Can there be any doubt about it?
Do there seem to be any maple trees in this forest?
In the first two examples, there follows is and were, the Simple Present and Simple Past of the verb to be. In the last two examples, there follows the first auxiliaries can and do.

iii. Inverted word order

When used with a verb of motion, an adverb or adverb phrase of location may be placed at the beginning of a clause, followed immediately by the verb, followed by the noun subject of the verb. This construction is summarized below, followed by examples.

If the subject of the verb is a personal pronoun, the subject must precede the verb, as illustrated below:

See Exercise 7.

g. Negative adverbs

Negative adverbs include adverbs with an explicit negative meaning, such as never, not and nowhere, as well as adverbs with an implied negative meaning, such as hardly, scarcely and seldom.

i. Double negatives

In modern English, there is a rule that a clause containing one negative word expresses a negative meaning, but a clause containing two negative words expressed an affirmative meaning. In the case of a clause with two negative words, it is considered that one of these words negates the other, so that an affirmative meaning results. The presence of two negative words in a clause is referred to as a double negative.

In some dialects of English, clauses containing two negative words may be used to express a negative meaning.
e.g. I’m not saying nothing about it.
He never told nobody the secret.
However, this use of the double negative is considered to be grammatically incorrect in standard English.

For each of the above examples, the double negative can be eliminated by omitting or altering one of the negative words. Thus, the meaning of the first example could be correctly expressed by either of the following sentences:
I’m saying nothing about it. or
I’m not saying anything about it.

Similarly, the meaning of the second example could be correctly expressed by either of the following sentences:
He told nobody the secret. or
He never told anybody the secret.

See Exercise 8.

ii. Inverted word order

If a clause begins with a negative adverb, inverted word order must usually be used, with the subject following the Simple Present or Simple Past of the verb to be, or the first auxiliary. In the case of the Simple Present or Simple Past of any verb other than the verb to be, the auxiliary to do must be used. This construction is summarized below, followed by examples.

Following are other examples of this type of construction. The negative adverbs and adverb phrases are printed in bold type, and the subjects of the verbs are underlined.
e.g. Seldom was he at a loss for words.
Scarcely had we left the house, when it began to rain.
Not for many years was the true story known.
No sooner did the bell ring than the children ran out of the school.
In the first example, the subject he follows was, the Simple Past of the verb to be. In the succeeding examples, the subjects we, story and bell follow the auxiliaries had, was and did, respectively.

See Exercise 9.

In this type of inverted construction, if there is used as an introductory word, there follows the Simple Past or Simple Present of the verb to be, or the first auxiliary.
e.g. Seldom were there more than five ducks on the pond.
Rarely had there been more swans on the lake than there were that day.
In the first example, there follows were, the Simple Past of the verb to be. In the second example, there follows the auxiliary had, of the verb had been.

It should be noted that the expression so … that can also be used with inverted word order.
e.g. So exhausted were we that we fell asleep at the table.
In this example, the subject we follows the verb were.

3. Interrogative adverbs

The adverbs how, when, where and why can be used as interrogative adverbs at the beginning of direct questions. The interrogative adverbs in the following direct questions are printed in bold type.
e.g. How are you?
When is he coming?
Where were you?
Why did you say that?

As shown in these examples, inverted word order must be used, with the subject following the Simple Past or Simple Present of the verb to be, or the first auxiliary. In the case of the Simple Present and Simple Past of verbs other than the verb to be, the auxiliary to do must be used. In the following examples, the subjects are underlined.
e.g. How is your sister?
When did you see him?
Where is she going?
Why has he changed his mind?

In these examples, the subject sister follows the verb is, and the subjects you, she and he follow the auxiliaries did, is and has, respectively.

See Exercise 10.

As well as being used as interrogative adjectives at the beginning of direct questions, how, when, where and why can also be used at the beginning of subordinate clauses. In the following examples, the subordinate clauses are underlined.
e.g. Be ready to start when you hear the signal.
He camped close to where the brook flows into the lake.
In the first example, when you hear the signal is an adverb clause of time. In the second example, where the brook flows into the lake is an adverb clause of location.

In addition to being used at the beginning of adverb clauses, how, when, where and why can also be used at the beginning of indirect questions. In the following examples, the indirect questions are underlined.
e.g. I want to know how he did that.
I wonder when they will arrive.
Please tell me where the school is.
I will ask why she left early.

As pointed out previously, inverted word order is not used in indirect questions. Thus, the subject of an indirect question precedes the verb. In the following examples, the subjects are underlined.
e.g. We should find out how the information was transmitted.
Ask her when she will be here.
I wonder where they are.
Please find out why he could not come with us.
In these examples, the subjects information, she, they and he precede the verbs was transmitted, will be, are and could come.

See Exercise 11.

EXERCISES for Chapter 24

1. Rewrite each of the following sentences, placing the adverb of frequency given in brackets in the middle position of the main clause. For example:
   She is late for work. (rarely)
   She is rarely late for work.

We visit him on Sundays. (sometimes)
We sometimes visit him on Sundays.

I have read that book before. (never)
I have never read that book before.

Yes, I do. (usually)
Yes, I usually do.

1. I had wanted to see the ocean. (always)
2. They do. (frequently)
3. She is very friendly. (usually)
4. They have the opportunity to travel. (seldom)
5. I am at home in the mornings. (generally)
6. He has. (always)
7. We were given free transportation to the school. (frequently)
8. Birds return to the place where they were born to build their nests. (often)
9. Albatrosses are seen close to shore. (seldom)
10. We would. (never)
11. They follow the news. (rarely)
12. Maple wood is used to make violins. (sometimes)
13. Rewrite each of the following sentences, placing the adverb of frequency given in brackets in the middle position of the main clause. For example:
    Have you visited New York? (ever)
    Have you ever visited New York?

I do not go to the library on the weekend. (always)
I do not always go to the library on the weekend.

1. He did not arrive on time. (ever)
2. Do you visit Boston? (often)
3. Are they surprised at the results? (frequently)
4. The children do not follow our instructions. (always)
5. Do you wonder what will happen next? (sometimes)
6. Did they find the missing information? (ever)
7. We do not stay out after dark. (usually)
8. The facts are not known. (generally)

9. For each of the following sentences, place the adverbs given in brackets in their most usual positions in the sentence. Place connecting adverbs in the beginning position, place adverbs of frequency in the middle position, and place adverbs of manner and adverbs of time in the end position. Adverbs of manner should precede adverbs of time. For example:
   They left. (early, usually)
   They usually left early.

We proceeded. (cautiously, therefore)
Therefore, we proceeded cautiously.

We will review our options. (tomorrow, carefully)
We will review our options carefully tomorrow.

1. We pick the flowers. (carefully, usually)
2. She answers. (correctly, rarely)
3. He is wrong. (however, seldom)
4. We will attend the concert. (therefore, tonight)
5. We found the hotel. (easily, nevertheless)
6. They left. (quietly, this morning)
7. She wins first prize. (always, furthermore)
8. He finished. (late, often)
9. We reached the station. (quickly, consequently)
10. You speak. (loudly, never)
11. We would have gone to the beach. (otherwise, yesterday)
12. They worked. (quickly, today)
13. I want to analyze the book. (carefully, sometime)
14. We arrive. (early, sometimes)

15. The following sentences do not contain verbs of motion. Complete each sentence by placing the adverbs and adverb phrases given in brackets in the end position, in the following order:
    Adverb of Manner
    Adverb of Location
    Adverb of Time
    Adverb of Purpose

For example:
The tickets sold. (at the box office, quickly, this afternoon)
The tickets sold quickly at the box office this afternoon.

I bought some film. (to photograph the parade, at the store, yesterday)
I bought some film at the store yesterday to photograph the parade.

1. We ate. (at the restaurant, well, yesterday evening)
2. They will be. (next month, on business, in France)
3. The children whispered. (on Christmas Eve, excitedly, in front of the tree)
4. We hung the picture. (on the wall, carefully)
5. The birds twittered. (this morning, outside the window, loudly)
6. The boys and girls waited. (for the parade to pass by, impatiently)
7. We slept. (all afternoon, on the grass, soundly)
8. The choir sang. (last week, beautifully, at the competition)
9. We watched the skaters. (to determine who might win the competition, avidly, this morning)
10. The moon shone. (over the water, long after the sun had set, brilliantly)

11. For each of the following sentences, paying attention to whether or not the sentence contains a verb of motion, place the adverbs and adverb phrases given in brackets in the correct order in the end position of the sentence. For example:
    He lived. (for six years, happily, in Copenhagen)
    He lived happily in Copenhagen for six years.

They returned. (from Holland, last week, unexpectedly)
They returned from Holland unexpectedly last week.

1. They stood. (at the bus stop, for twenty minutes, patiently)
2. We arrived. (here, last night, on foot)
3. The young child walked. (by herself, this morning, to school)
4. They were waiting. (at seven o’clock, eagerly, outside the fairgrounds)
5. She arrived. (in a black limousine, at the hotel)
6. Chickadees build their nests. (in dense evergreens, in the early spring, secretively)
7. The waves crashed. (against the shore, loudly)
8. I walked. (in the rain, to work, yesterday)
9. He sat. (until the announcements were finished, on the edge of his chair, expectantly)
10. We left. (this morning, home, in a hurry)
11. She went. (by bus, downtown, today)
12. They talked. (for an hour, animatedly, on the front lawn)

13. For each of the following sentences, fill in the blank with is or are, as appropriate. For example:
    Here __ one of the computations.
    Here is one of the computations.

There ___ all of the results.
There are all of the results.

1. There _______ his brother and sister.
2. Here _______ the news.
3. There _______ several of her classmates.
4. Here _______ both of the disks.
5. There _______ a pair of pliers.
6. Here _______ a few chocolates.
7. Here _______ a box of eggs.
8. There _______ two of the books.
9. Here _______ another of the magazines.
10. Here _______ some of the answers.
    ii. There _______ one of his brothers.
11. Here _______ the essays.

12. Rewrite the following sentences, replacing the underlined phrases with personal pronouns, and changing the word order as necessary. For example:
    Over the treetops sailed the kite.
    Over the treetops it sailed.

Here comes our teacher.
Here he comes.

1. Up the stairs dashed the reporter.
2. Onto the stage glided the ballerina.
3. Here is the butter.
4. There go the geese.
5. To and fro rode the girl on the horse.
6. Here come the children.
7. High in the heavens shone the lights of a million stars.
8. There goes the train.
9. Into the hotel darted the boy.
10. Here are your keys.
11. Over the grass rolled the ball.
12. There is my aunt.

13. The following sentences are incorrect, because each contains a double negative. Each sentence can be corrected by omitting or altering one of the negative expressions. Write two corrected versions for each sentence. For example:
    We have not got no sugar.
    We have got no sugar.
    or We have not got any sugar.

I have never seen nothing like it before.
I have seen nothing like it before.
or I have never seen anything like it before.

1. He does not need no advice.
2. We never go nowhere interesting.
3. I did not get none of the answers right.
4. She does not know nothing.
5. We had not met neither of the boys before.
6. They did not do no harm.
7. He never speaks to nobody.
8. You do not have no reason to behave like that.
9. I do not know nothing about it.
10. I do not have no time for such things.

11. For each of the following sentences, add the negative expression shown in brackets at the beginning of the sentence, and make any other changes that are necessary. For example:
    I had reached home when I remembered the message. (hardly)
    Hardly had I reached home when I remembered the message.

We had the opportunity to do whatever we wanted. (seldom)
Seldom did we have the opportunity to do whatever we wanted.

1. We had entered the room when the telephone rang. (scarcely)
2. I have seen a more beautiful ballet than that one. (never)
3. We realized that a dangerous stretch of road lay ahead of us. (little)
4. I have worked as hard as I could. (never before)
5. A writer can express his exact feelings in words. (rarely)
6. We perceive everything that is around us. (hardly ever)
7. One can find a more striking example of erosion than the Grand Canyon. (nowhere)
8. They guessed what was about to happen. (little)
9. I am entirely satisfied with my situation. (seldom)
10. One comprehends a complex situation immediately. (rarely)

11. Paying attention to the correct word order, rewrite the underlined indirect questions as direct questions. For example:
    I would like to know why you are here.
    Why are you here?

I wonder how often he comes here.
How often does he come here?

Tell me where you have been.
Where have you been?

1. I want to know how much money you collected.
2. I wonder where they were.
3. Tell me why I should attend the meeting.
4. I would like to know when he finds time for his hobbies.
5. Do you know why she left school?
6. I am curious to know how many times you have seen this movie.
7. Will you tell me when you completed the assignment?
8. He will ask how long it will take.
9. Tell me where you are.
10. I wonder why she did not reply.
11. Find out when the bank opens.
12. Can you tell me where she is staying?

13. Paying attention to the correct word order, use the phrases given in brackets to rewrite the following direct questions as indirect questions. For example:
    Where is the nearest store? (Please find out)
    Please find out where the nearest store is.

How many boxes of paper did he order? (We need to know)
We need to know how many boxes of paper he ordered.

Why has she not finished the assignment? (I will ask her)
I will ask her why she has not finished the assignment.

1. Why is the information not here? (Please tell me)
2. When will they finish work? (Did you ask)
3. Where has she studied? (I wonder)
4. How many pounds of cherries did you sell? (Tell us)
5. Why was the meeting cancelled? (Will you tell me)
6. How long will the trip take? (I wonder)
7. How is he? (Did you hear)
8. Why do they have difficulty with the work? (I wonder)
9. When does she plan to leave? (Ask her)
10. How much time do you have? (Please let me know)
11. Where is the post office? (I am not sure)
12. Where did you buy that book? (Tell me)

ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES for Chapter 24

Answers to Exercise 1:
1. I had always wanted to see the ocean. 2. They frequently do. 3. She is usually very friendly. 4. They seldom have the opportunity to travel. 5. I am generally at home in the mornings. 6. He always has. 7. We were frequently given free transportation to the school. 8. Birds often return to the place where they were born to build their nests. 9. Albatrosses are seldom seen close to shore. 10. We never would. 11. They rarely follow the news. 12. Maple wood is sometimes used to make violins.

Answers to Exercise 2:
1. He did not ever arrive on time. 2. Do you often visit Boston? 3. Are they frequently surprised at the results? 4. The children do not always follow our instructions. 5. Do you sometimes wonder what will happen next? 6. Did they ever find the missing information? 7. We do not usually stay out after dark. 8. The facts are not generally known.

Answers to Exercise 3:
1. We usually pick the flowers carefully. 2. She rarely answers correctly. 3. However, he is seldom wrong. 4. Therefore, we will attend the concert tonight. 5. Nevertheless, we found the hotel easily. 6. They left quietly this morning. 7. Furthermore, she always wins first prize. 8. He oftenfinished late. 9. Consequently, we reached the station quickly. 10. You never speak loudly. 11. Otherwise, we would have gone to the beach yesterday. 12. They worked quickly today. 13. I want to analyze the book carefully sometime. 14. We sometimes arrive early.

Answers to Exercise 4:
1. We ate well at the restaurant yesterday evening. 2. They will be in France next month on business. 3. The children whispered excitedly in front of the tree on Christmas Eve. 4. We hung the picture carefully on the wall. 5. The birds twittered loudly outside the window this morning. 6. The boys and girls waited impatiently for the parade to pass by. 7. We slept soundly on the grass all afternoon. 8. The choir sang beautifully at the competition last week. 9. We watched the skaters avidly this morning, to determine who might win the competition. 10. The moon shone brilliantly over the water long after the sun had set.

Answers to Exercise 5:
1. They stood patiently at the bus stop for twenty minutes. 2. We arrived here on foot last night. 3. The young child walked to school by herself this morning. 4. They were waiting eagerly outside the fairgrounds at seven o’clock. 5. She arrived at the hotel in a black limousine. 6. Chickadees build their nests secretively in dense evergreens in the early spring. 7. The waves crashed loudly against the shore. 8. I walked to work in the rain yesterday. 9. He sat expectantly on the edge of his chair until the announcements were finished. 10. We left home in a hurry this morning. 11. She went downtown by bus today. 12. They talked animatedly on the front lawn for an hour.

Answers to Exercise 6:
1. are 2. is 3. are 4. are 5. is 6. are 7. is 8. are 9. is 10. are 11. is 12. are

Answers to Exercise 7:
1. Up the stairs he (or she) dashed. 2. Onto the stage she glided. 3. Here it is. 4. There they go. 5. To and fro she rode. 6. Here they come. 7. High in the heavens they shone. 8. There it goes. 9. Into the hotel he darted. 10. Here they are. 11. Over the grass it rolled. 12. There she is.

Answers to Exercise 8:
1. He needs no advice. or He does not need any advice. 2. We go nowhere interesting. or We never go anywhere interesting. 3. I got none of the answers right. or I did not get any of the answers right. 4. She knows nothing. or She does not know anything. 5. We had met neither of the boys before. or We had not met either of the boys before. 6. They did no harm. or They did not do any harm. 7. He speaks to nobody. or He never speaks to anybody. 8. You have no reason to behave like that. or You do not have any reason to behave like that. 9. I know nothing about it. or I do not know anything about it. 10. I have no time for such things. or I do not have any time for such things.

Answers to Exercise 9:
1. Scarcely had we entered the room when the telephone rang. 2. Never have I seen a more beautiful ballet than that one. 3. Little did we realize that a dangerous stretch of road lay ahead of us. 4. Never before have I worked as hard as I could. 5. Rarely can a writer express his exact feelings in words. 6. Hardly ever do we perceive everything that is around us. 7. Nowhere can one find a more striking example of erosion than the Grand Canyon. 8. Little did they guess what was about to happen. 9. Seldom am I entirely satisfied with my situation. 10. Rarely does one comprehend a complex situation immediately.

Answers to Exercise 10:
1. How much money did you collect? 2. Where were they? 3. Why should I attend the meeting? 4. When does he find time for his hobbies? 5. Why did she leave school? 6. How many times have you seen this movie? 7. When did you complete the assignment? 8. How long will it take? 9. Where are you? 10. Why did she not reply? 11. When does the bank open? 12. Where is she staying?

Answers to Exercise 11:
1. Please tell me why the information is not here. 2. Did you ask when they will finish work? 3. I wonder where she has studied. 4. Tell us how many pounds of cherries you sold. 5. Will you tell me why the meeting was cancelled? 6. I wonder how long the trip will take. 7. Did you hear how he is? 8. I wonder why they have difficulty with the work. 9. Ask her when she plans to leave. 10. Please let me know how much time you have. 11. I am not sure where the post office is. 12. Tell me where you bought that book.

👉 What is an Adverb?

Adverb is a word that modifies a verb, adjective, determiner, clause, preposition, or sentence. 

Adverbs can tell you how something is done, for example, speak nicely or work hard. Adverbs can also tell you how much or how many of something you have.

👉 List of Adverbs

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Adverbs of time,
Adverbs of manner,
Adverbs of degree,
Adverbs of place,
Adverbs of frequency

The 5 Basic Types of Adverbs

Adverbs provide a deeper description of a verb within any sentence. There are five basic types of adverbs in the English language, namely that of Manner, Time, Place, Frequency, and Degree.

Here is a brief explanation of the meaning each has, along with example sentences using each type of adverb.

👉 Adverb Examples

👉 Adverbs of Time

An adverb of time provides more information about when a verb takes place. Adverbs of time are usually placed at the beginning or end of a sentence. When it is of particular importance to express the moment something happened we’ll put it at the start of a sentence.

Examples of adverbs of time: never, lately, just, always, recently, during, yet, soon, sometimes, usually, so far

• So far, we have found twelve grammar mistakes.
• I haven’t been going to the gym lately.
• We recently bought a new car.

👉 Adverbs of Place

Adverbs of place illustrate where the verb is happening. It’s usually placed after the main verb or object, or at the end of the sentence.

Examples of adverbs of place: here, there, nowhere, everywhere, out, in, above, below, inside, outside, into

• We went into the cave, and there were bats everywhere!
• One day when my dad wasn’t paying attention to where he was going, he walked into a wall.
• There aren’t any Pokémon here, let’s look somewhere else.

👉 Adverbs of Manner

Adverbs of manner provide more information about how a verb is done. Adverbs of manner are probably the most common of all adverbs. They’re easy to spot too. Most of them will end in –ly.

Examples of adverbs of manner: neatly, slowly, quickly, sadly, calmly, politely, loudly, kindly, lazily

• The young soldier folded his clothes neatly in a pile at the end of his bunk.
• I politely opened the door for my grandmother as she stepped out of the car.
• A fat orange and white cat rested lazily on the sofa.

👉 Adverbs of Degree

Adverbs of degree explain the level or intensity of a verb, adjective, or even another adverb.

Example of adverbs of degree: almost, quite, nearly, too, enough, just, hardly, simply, so

• Can I come to the movies too?
• Aren’t you hungry? You’ve hardly touched your dinner.
• I’m so excited to see the new James Bond movie!

👉 Adverbs of Frequency

Adverbs of frequency explain how often the verb occurs. They’re often placed directly before the main verb of a sentence.

Examples of adverbs of frequency: never, always, rarely, sometimes, normally, seldom, usually, again

• I rarely eat fast food these days.
• Tom usually takes his dog for a walk before breakfast.
• They always go to the same restaurant every Friday.

👉 Conjunctive Adverb

A conjunctive adverb is a type of adverb that joins two independent sentences or clauses of any kind. This type of adverb is used to connect two parts into one longer sentence.

These parts can be whole sentences that need to be connected into one longer sentence or smaller clauses that need to be connected as well.

Adverbs usually modify one verb, but conjunctive adverbs modify entire sentences because they connect larger parts than just one word.

Conjunctive adverbs are used to join together parts in order to form a larger thought. This means that the final sentence explains more than the two smaller ones would if they were still divided.

Conjunctive adverbs serve different functions, such as:

addition, comparison, concession, contrast, emphasis, summarize, illustrate a point, or signify time.

Conjunctive adverbs are used to connect ideas, and to form larger thoughts with longer sentences. These sentences are divided by a semicolon (;).

Here are some notable examples:

• I wanted to go have ice cream after work; however, my friend wanted something else.
• He had studies all day and night; nevertheless, it wasn’t enough to pass the test.
• It was never going to work between us; therefore, we decided to go our separate ways.
• I had to work the whole weekend; in addition, there was also another contract from a month ago I had to deal with.
• If you decide to start a diet you will see the improvement in your life soon; for instance, you’ll have more energy during the day.
• She was driving home from her friend’s place; meanwhile, her husband was busy preparing her a surprise.

👉 Adverb Clause

Usually, an adverb is just one word which modifies or describes, a verb. An adverb clause, on the other hand, is an entire clause which functions as an adverb. This clause is a group of words, or an entire sentence, which modifies a verb.

One adverb adds some detail to the verb. An adverb clause adds more detail to the verb and describes precisely. An adverb clause can answer questions like:

How? What? When? Where? How much? And others.

Like any clause, an adverb clause has to have a subject and predicate in order to be complete. An adverb clause can appear in the beginning, middle, or end of the sentence. The adverb clause is always divided by a comma if it’s in the beginning or middle of the sentence.

• Since I work from home, I don’t have to eat in restaurants often.

The adverb phrase is in the first sentence. The subject is “I” and the predicate “work,” so the clause is complete. This adverb clause answers the question: where?

• Whether you like it or not, you have to pay taxes.

Here the subject is “you” and the predicate is “like it or not.” There are different ways to form an adverb clause. This adverb clause answers the questions: how? and why?

• Whales, although they are large, don’t eat anything but plankton.

This adverb phrase is in the middle of the sentence, and it’s divided by commas. The subject is “they” and the predicate is “are large.” This adverb clause answers the question: how? (big are they / do they look)

• Because he missed the first bus he ran like his life depended on it.

Since the adverb phrase is at the end of the sentence is does not always need to be divided with a comma. The subject is “he” and the predicate “ran.” This adverb clause answers the questions: how? and why?

• I’m going to look for a new job when I get back from my trip.

Here the subject is “I” and the predicate is “get back.” This adverb clause answers the question: when?

👉 Adverb Phrase

An adverb phrase is a group of words that function as an adverb. Unlike the adverb clause, an adverb phrase does not need a subject and predicate. An adverb phrase is two or more words that modify the verb.

Adverb phrases are used to describe the verb in more detail than just one adverb would. Since they are composed of more than one word they can answer a different set of questions. Adverb phrases often answer the questions:

How? Where? Why? and When?

These questions need more than one adverb to be answered completely. An adverb phrase can appear anywhere in the sentence, and they don’t need to be divided by commas.

They are, however, mostly at the end of the sentence, and sometimes the beginning.

• Because the boss is late the meeting will start later than usual.

This adverb phrase is used to answer the question: when? It is at the end of the sentence and gives more details about why the meeting is not happening when it usually does.

• Like in every fairy tale they must kiss before sunset to break the curse.

This adverb phrase also answers the question: when? Here it describes the exact time when something must happen.

• Put the flowers on the kitchen table.

This adverb phrase answers the question: where? The person speaking wants the flowers to be put at a specific place.

• We used to have a holiday house right by the beach.

Here it is also answering the questions: where? It describes specifically where the house is, and how close to the beach it actually is.

• There were so many cars that they were moving frustratingly slowly.

This adverb phrase answered the question: how? It describes how slow the cars were going, and how the person feels about it. They are frustrated because of how slow they are going.

• She always completes her tasks without care.

The question answered is: how? It describes how careless the person is when completing her tasks.

• To understand better how to do the job she read some books.

This adverb phrase is at the beginning of the sentence and answered the question: why? It describes why the person has to read some books.

• He went online and searched all day for more information.

The question answered is: why? Here it describes why the person went online and had to search all day. Because they need more information they need to complete the search. 

👉 Adverb vs Adjective

ADJECTIVES describe THINGS

a beach, a jacuzzi, a cocktail, the weather, an idea, sunglasses, your iPad, your flip-flops

and PEOPLE

a girl in English class, your upstairs neighbours, Beyoncé, Ryan Gosling, your mother-in-law, Dracula

• This jacuzzi is really uncomfortable.
• Beyoncé is so ambitious.
• Dracula was an affectionate man.
• Ryan Gosling is a spiritual person.
• Her sunglasses are insane.
• My upstairs neighbours are really energetic.
• It’s prohibited to burn tyres on thisbeach.
• Your iPad is so old-fashioned.
• My flip-flops are cute.
• Your mother-in-law is so upbeat.
• I met a magical girl in English class.
• That wasn’t a very good idea.

ADVERBS describe EVERYTHING ELSE

verbs: sing, laugh, complain

adjectives: prohibited, cute, upbeat

• Beyoncé sings loudly.
• Dracula laughed dramatically behind the curtain.
• I complain about my upstairs neighbours daily.
• It’s strictly prohibited to burn tyres on this beach. .
• My flip-flops are absolutely cute.
• Your mother-in-law is incredibly upbeat.

ADVERBS can even describe OTHER ADVERBS

• Beyoncé sings really loudly.
• She can sing incredibly beautifully.
• In Dracula’s castle, people disappeared surprisingly quickly.

Image Source

More for you:
List of Commonly Used Participial Adjectives!
Order of Adjectives

👉 Adverbs of Frequency

What is an adverb of frequency?

Adverb of frequency is a word that tells us how frequently or how often something happens.

• I always eat breakfast in the morning, even when I am late for work.

1. List of the most common adverbs of frequency:

• always
• usually
• sometimes
• never
• occasionally
• rarely
• seldom
• frequently
• often
• regularly
• hardly ever

2. Position in a sentence

a) We usually put the adverbs of frequency in the middle of the sentence, between the subject and the verb, but after auxiliary verbs:

• I often go to the beach.
• He sometimes visits his grandma.
• They usually drink coffee in the mornings.
• I hardly ever help my mom in the kitchen.

b) Auxiliary verbs:

• He is usually very happy.
• We are always helping the children at school.
• I have never done anything bad.
• She is always cooking pasta.

NOTE: the verbs have, has, and had are auxiliary verbs only when used with past participle:

• I have never eaten a snake.
• She has never tried coconut water.

But has, have, and had are normal verbs when they are not used with past participle:

• I always have my lunch at school.
• He seldom has English classes.
• We often had dinner late at night in college.

c) We can put occasionally, frequently, usually, often and sometimes in the beginning of the sentence in order to make it stronger. However, other adverbs do not sound good in the beginning of the sentence:

• Occasionally, I go to the beach.
• Sometimes he visits his grandma.
• Usually, they drink coffee in the mornings.
• Always I go to the beach. INCORRECT
• I always go to the beach.  CORRECT
• Often, I go to the beach. INCORRECT
• I often go to the beach. CORRECT

NOTE: the verbs do, does, and did are auxiliary verbs only when they are used in questions or negatives:

• Do you often go to the cinema?
• He doesn’t always eat grapes.

In other cases, do, does and did are normal verbs:

• She never sleeps at home.
• They rarely did their chores.

If the auxiliary verb is negative the adverb of frequency might go before or after it:

• He doesn’t usually cook at home.
• He usually doesn’t cook at home.
• They don’t often go to the cinema.
• They often don’t go to the cinema.

BUT:

• We aren’t always late for work.
• We always aren’t late for work. INCORRECT (say ‘We are never late for work’)

e) In the question, we put the adverbs of frequency before the main verb:

• Do you often go to the beach?
• Do you sometimes visit your grandma?

BUT:

• Is she always late for soccer practice?
• Are they usually so grumpy?

I hope you find this information useful.

👉 Adverbs of Time

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• Always
• Already
• Annually
• Before
• Constantly
• Daily
• Early
• Earlier
• Eventually
• Ever
• Frequently
• Finally
• First
• Formerly
• Fortnightly
• Generally
• Hourly
• Immediately
• Infrequently
• Just
• Last
• Late
• Later
• Lately
• Monthly
• Not until
• Now
• Normally
• Never
• Next
• Often
• Occasionally
• Previously
• Quarterly
• Rarely
• Regularly
• Recently
• Seldom
• Sometimes
• Since
• Soon
• Still
• Then
• Today
• Tomorrow
• Tonight
• Yesterday
• Usually
• Yet
• Weekly
• Yearly

👉 Adverb -LY

👉 Adverbs of Quantity

Adverbs can tell you how something is done, for example, speak nicely or work hard. Adverbs can also tell you how much or how many of something you have.

Every noun is either countable (cat- cats, dog- dogs, elf- elves, fairy- fairies etc.) or uncountable (time, information, magic, happiness, witchcraft etc.) and this is something you need to consider when choosing an adverb to go together with a noun.

COUNTABLE NOUNS
With countable nouns, you may use the following adverbs:

MANY / MORE

• My neighbour has many cats and she wants more. 

A LOT / LOTS

• I want a lof of dogs and I want lots of cats too!

FEW / FEWER

• There are just a few fairies left in the forest and soon there will be fewer.

 TOO MANY / TOO FEW

• There are not too many fairies left and there are too few elves.

(NOT) ENOUGH

• You can’t have enough cats!

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

MUCH / MORE

• I haven’t got much time to spend with my dogs. I need more free time.

A LOT / LOTS

• There’s a lot of magic in this forest and lots of witchcraft.
  

LITTLE / LESS

• I have little information on witches and even less on dragons.

TOO MUCH / TOO LITTLE

• You spend too much time with your dogs and too little with your friends.

(NOT) ENOUGH

• That’s enough happiness for a lifetime.

You can also use adverbs to describe the degree to which something is. These adverbs may be used BEFORE ADJECTIVES (powerful, friendly, kind, crazy, rude, scary, dark etc.)

TOO

• This spell is too powerful, don’t use it indoors.

SO

• It’s so powerful, it can turn a hundred people into frogs.

A LITTLE (BIT)

• Be careful with that cat lady. She’s a little bit crazy.

ENOUGH (comes after the adjective)

• She’s a nice person, she’s just not friendly enough.

(NOT) VERY

• I would say she’s very rude.

QUITE

• This forest is quite scary.

RATHER

• That dragon is rather scary, too.

PRETTY

• It’s pretty dark in here.

👉 Adverbs Lesson Plan (PDF) 👈 click here to download 

📥

👉 Noun + Adverb Examples

Hanger on: is a person who attaches themselves to another person or a group for the sole purpose of trying to gain something from that person or group.

What the person gains can be anything that they see as advantageous. It can be something as small as attention and as large as financial gain. People in a position of fame or power often have or are exposed to people who hang on to them.

• There were many hangers on at the concert tonight.
• Unlike those hangers on, I’ve been friends with her since we were kids, and I want nothing from her.

Passerby: is simply a person who is going by something. This word is usually used to describe someone who is walking. The person may be walking by something of significance, or they could just be walking by a restaurant.

• We love to watch all the passersby as we eat our lunch near the window.
• A random passerby was a witness to the crime.

Overcoat: is a long warm coat, that is worn in colder months over fall or winter clothes.

• I’m going to the store to shop for a new overcoat for the winter.
• She wore a beautiful bright red overcoat.

Overcoat can also refer to the top layer of paint. It’s usually a clear layer of paint that is used to protect other paint colors.

• As soon as we put on the overcoat we’re all done painting  the house.
• Wow, you made a beautiful painting, make sure you put an overcoat layer on it to protect it.

Afterthought: is something that is thought of later, or it can be something that is added later. What is forgotten could be a thought or a thing, or even a person. It can be anything that someone thinks of later or after the fact.

• We didn’t actually plan to invite him to the birthday party, the invitation was an afterthought.
• We got to the store and then at the last minute decided to get a cake, it was an afterthought.

Undertone: refers to a feeling or quality that is underneath the surface. For example a family may seem happy and perfect, but you can tell that there’s something negative or unhappy underneath the surface that they don’t talk about publicly. That negative covert feeling is an undertone.

• Even Though she was always smiling, there was a sad undertone, and you could tell she missed her sister.
• Despite all of the arguing there was a clear undertone of love between the couple.

An undertone can also be a muted or quiet sound or color. As a sound it could be murmuring or whispers. As a color, an undertone is simply a non bright or vibrant color.

• When he walked into the room, he could hear the other students talking in undertones.
• I don’t want the color to be too bright, maybe a pink undertone.

Foresight: refers to the ability to predict or anticipate the future. Foresight does not refer to being psychic or making psychic predictions. It refers to someone being able to anticipate someone’s needs or something that’s going to happen based on research or preparation. For example an assistant that can predict his or her boss’ needs has foresight.

• Part of what makes her so great at her job is her foresight.
• A good CEO must have foresight, especially during turbulent times.

Overload: refers to someone or an organization being overwhelmed or having too much going on and it is becoming a burden. It can refer to a mental burden, or it can refer to there physically being too much weight.

• He felt overloaded by all of the work that he had to get done by Friday.
• The truck was overloaded and the trucker had to remove some of his cargo in order to meet the weight limits requirement.

Outpatient: is a medical patient that is not treated in a hospital, but at their home or at a different facility. Sometimes a patient will have a procedure and then will be sent home to recover. The doctor will still check to see that their recovery is going as scheduled, or they may be visited by a nurse, but they will not have to stay overnight at the hospital. This is an outpatient.

• After surgery, you will spend 2 days in the hospital and if everything goes well, you will be treated as an outpatient.
• Having the care of a nurse allows him to be able to be cared for as an outpatient.

👉 Adverb Placement

Using adverbs in a sentence is quite flexible, still it is not entirely our choice where we place them; there are some general rules that we should follow.

For example, adverbs are not usually put between a verb and its object. The typical word order is this:

adverb + verb + object: We often visit museums.

verb + object + adverb: She speaks English well.

In the verb + preposition + object structure the adverb can go either before the preposition or after the object:

• She looked at me suspiciously.
• She looked suspiciously at me.

But if the object contains several words, the adverb goes before the preposition:

• She looked suspiciously at everybody in the room.

Connecting adverbs (which join clauses, e.g. then, next, besides, still, anyway, suddenly, however, consequently) and comment adverbs (e.g. fortunately, surprisingly) can go in front position:

• However, the plan wasn’t fully discussed.
• He worked until six o’clock. Then he left the office.
• Next, I’m going to speak about the advantages of the plan.
• Suddenly there was a loud noise.
• Fortunately, we could take a bus to the village.

Adverbs of indefinite frequency (e.g. always, often, usually, rarely, sometimes, never, normally, generally, occasionally) and adverbs of certainty (e.g. surely, definitely, certainly, probably, perhaps) usually go in mid-position:

• My father often travels to France.
• We rarely go out on Mondays.
• Her brother has never flown an airplane.
• I’ve definitely decided to leave this town.
• She will probably be absent at the meeting.
• The party has obviously been cancelled.

Adverbs of indefinite frequency can also go in end position if they are the main focus of the message (but mid-position is more typical):

• We see our cousins quite often.
• She is very nervous sometimes.
• They eat out occasionally.

Adverbs of certainty like maybe and perhaps typically take front position:

• Perhaps they can’t find the way to the village.
• Maybe you’re right, or maybe not.

Adverbs of manner (saying how the action happens), place (where) and time (when) most often go in end position:

• The secretary read the letter slowly.
• He answered all the questions correctly.
• My sister is sleeping in her room upstairs. 
• Did you phone her last night?
• We arrived at the station at ten.

Time adverbs (especially the ones that are frequently used like tomorrow, yesterday, this month, every week, soon, etc.) can also go in front position, especially if the adverb is not the main focus of the sentence:

• Tomorrow we’ve got a meeting with the general manager.
• This week I’m staying with my uncle in the country.
• Soon you’ll see a church, take the second street behind it.

Place adverbs most often go in end position, but front position is also possible (though not very typical):

• At the end of the corridor there was a staircase.
• In this town they don’t have too many restaurants.
• Here we can stop.

Adverbs in -ly can also go in mid-position:

• The train slowly crossed the bridge.
• He angrily shouted at the doorman.
• They will possibly be late for the party.
• She suddenly ran out of the room.
• Would you kindly wait?

Emphasizing adverbs (e.g. very, extremely, terribly, just, almost, really, right) go directly before the words that they emphasise:

• I knew she played the piano very well.
• We were extremely annoyed with his manners.
• I’m terribly sorry about last night.
• Let’s meet in front of the cinema just before seven.
• He kicked the ball almost over the building.
• I’m really sleepy now.
• The police officer walked right past us.

Please note that certain adverbs used at different places of the sentence can substantially change the meaning:

• Only I have fish and chips; nobody else has it.
• I only have fish and chips; I don’t have a drink.
• I have only fish and chips; I don’t have anything else.
• I have fish and chips only; I don’t have rice and peas.

In general, if there are more than one possibilities of placing an adverb in a sentence, you should always be aware of the possible changes in meaning:

• They secretly decided to leave the town. – Their decision was secret.
• They decided to leave the town secretly. – Their departure was to be secret.

ADVERB IN SPANISH:

Adverb = adverbio

ADVERB IN FRENCH:

Adverb = adverbe

☝️ I sometimes cannot fall asleep vs I cannot sometimes fall asleep.

“I cannot sometimes fall asleep” is the correct positioning of this sentence. Sometimes is an adverb of frequency. Adverbs of frequency include often, rarely, never, always, usually,etc.

The rule for the position of adverbs of frequency is they are usually placed before the main verb after a modal verb such as would, should, can, may, etc.

Let’s take a look at some examples:

• They always go to the cinema on Friday nights.
• I never travel by bus.
• The teachers occasionally bring sweets to class.
• He should  never hang out with those people again, they are dangerous.
• We can always tell when they are lying.
• I would never quit my job, I love it here!

There is an exception to this rule, if the verb to be is used the adjective must be placed AFTER the verb. For example:

• I am always on time.
• We are never absent from class.
• They were sometimes sent to the principles office.

Some adverbs of frequency can be placed at the beginning or at the end of a sentence to emphasize something.

• Sometimes I can’t concentrate.
• I can’t concentrate sometimes.
• Occasionally they fight.
• They fight occasionally.

Therefore, you could say,

• Sometimes I cannot sleep.
• I cannot sleep sometimes.

This will put emphasize on the fact that you can’t sleep at times.

👉 Adverb JUST

How to use ‘just’? Can you explain the meaning of this adverb?

JUST (adverb)

1. exactly

• This is just what I need.
• This place is just the way I imagined.
• That’s just enough.

 
2. simply, only, no more than

• It was just another mistake.
• He’s just a friend.
• I met him just two days ago.

 
3. a short time ago

• I’ve just received a phone call.
• They’ve just bought a new car.
• She’s just finished work.

 
4. barely, by a narrow margin

• I just caught the train before it pulled out of the station.
• The bullet just missed him.
• He arrived just in time. 

 
Changes in the word order and meaning:

a, Just two weeks ago, Peter won a thousand pounds. (not more than two weeks ago)
b, Two weeks ago, just Peter won a thousand pounds. (no one else won, only him)
c, Two weeks ago, Peter won just a thousand pounds. (not more than a thousand pounds)

☝️ Adverbs: IN the End – AT the End, Still – Yet, AT the Moment – Actually …

☝️ Where is the position of an adverb in question form and in negative form?

I don’t clear the position of adverb of frequency-place in a sentence. I only know form

Subject +adverb + verb +object

Ex: I always get up late.

Subject + verbe+ adverb +object

Ex: He is usually happy.

But, I don’t clear the place adverb. Where is the position of an adverb. In question form and In negative form.

So, you go it write in positive sentences! Well done!

Now, let’s take a look at negative and questions:

• I don’t always get up late.
• He isn’t usually happy.

So, as you can see, in the negative sentences the adverb of frequency comes right after the negative part (don’t/doesn’t/isn’t/aren’t)

Now, questions:

• Do you always get up late?
• Is he usually happy?

After the subject in questions

I hope it’s clear now.

☝️ Is Correctly an adverb of manner?

An adverb of manner is an adverb, or a modifier of a verb, that tells us how something is done.

Common adverbs of manner are well, badly, gently, silly, and friendly.

Because correctly describes the way that some action is completed, it can be an adverb of manner.

For example, in this sentence:

• She correctly guessed that the interviewer was trying to test her.

In this case, correctly describes the way that the subject of the sentence guessed.

☝️ Can we insert an adverb like this?

MyEnglishTeacher.eu answers:

Hi Deepak!

Splitting the infinitive as is done here is perfectly fine!

There is nothing grammatically wrong with saying “Ways to Immediately Improve Your English”. In fact, both titles are grammatically correct. You can say either one, and they mean the same thing.

An adverb as like a verb can be a significant part of a sentence. Adverbs play a vital rule in a sentence, they are used to change or qualify the meaning of an adjective, a verb, a clause or another adverb in a sentence. In the lesson below we will look at the uses of adverbs in a sentence.

Uses of Adverbs in a Sentence

What is an Adverb?
An adverb adds something to the meaning of adjective, verb and any other adverb but not a noun or pronoun.

• He works carefully. (How does he work? Carefully, describes the verb “works”).
• It was a very difficult job. (How difficult was the job? Very difficult, describes the adjective difficult).
• He completed the job quite carefully. (How carefully did he complete the job? Quite carefully, describes the adverb “carefully”).

Sometimes an adverb modifies an entire assertive sentence. In such cases, the adverb must stand first in the sentence.

• Certainly, I will help him.
• Unfortunately, the doctor came late.

Position of adverbs:

The position of adverb in a sentence is governed by the following considerations:

1. An adverb usually comes before an adjective or another adverb.

• She was very glad to see you.
• They fought very bravely.

(“Enough” is generally placed after the word it modifies).

• He was rich enough to travel first class.
• This house is large enough for us.

2. An adverb is usually placed after the verb it modifies. But, for the sake of emphasis, it may also be placed before that verb.

• He came late. (“Late” modifies the verb “came”)
• She never tells lie. (“Never” modifies “tells”)

Similarly, adverb of time (always, ever, often, seldom, and sometime) and number (first, one, ten etc.) are usually placed before the verb they modify (except to be verbs).

• You seldom do your duty.
• He always played me false.
• She is seldom late.

3. An adverb comes either before or after the object, but not at all between the transitive verb and its object.

• I learn my lesson thoroughly.
• I thoroughly learn my lesson.

4. An adverb may come between an incomplete verb and its complement.

• He is certainly a miser.
  This is quit wrong.

5. An adverb comes either before or after the object, but not between the transitive verb and its object.

• I will always do my duty.
• He has never deceived us.

6. An adverb is placed first in a sentence where it qualifies the whole sentence, and secondly it emphasizes, or for exclamation.

• Fortunately, no one was hurt. (Qualifies whole sentence)
• Of course, he does the job. (For emphasis)
• What a nice car it is! (For exclamation)

Some important points about the uses of adverbs

1. Some adverbs, unless placed immediately before the words they modify, change the sense of the sentence.

• He only buys pictorial magazines these days. (“Buys” but does not “read”)
• He buys only pictorial magazines these days. (“Buys” no magazine that is not “pictorial”)
• He buys pictorial magazines only these days. (Did not buy ever “before”)

2. Some adverbs have two forms with different meanings and therefore, should be used with great care.

• I went direct (adverb) to the Manager.
• No action was taken directly. (adverb)
• Books were given free (adverb).
  He moved freely (adverb) among the guests.

3. An adverb is not placed between an infinitive and its sign “to”.

• I request you to kindly forgive him. (Incorrect)
• I request you kindly to forgive him. (Correct)

Three distinct kinds of adverbs

1. The simple adverbs: They qualify the meanings of the words to which they are attached.

• He came quickly.
• Do it well.
• She moved slowly.

a. Adverb of Time: (after, now, again, already, ago, later etc.)
b. Adverb of place: (above, around, aside, everywhere etc.)
c. Adverb of degree/quantity: (almost, also, enough, little, much, too, very etc.)
d. Adverb of manner/quality/state: (so, certainly, slowly, well, badly, fast etc.)
e. Adverb of number: (firstly, never, once, often, twice etc.)
f. Adverb of cause: (how, why, what)
g. Adverb of comparison: (so, as, than)

2. The relative adverbs: They not only qualify any part of speech except a noun or a pronoun but also connect sentences. (As, how, then, when, where, while, why, whereas, and whereby)

• I do not know where he lives.

3. The interrogative adverbs: They are the same in form as the relative pronouns, but they are used in asking questions (Where, when, why, how far and how long)

• Where did you go?
• When did she complete her homework?

In this lesson you learned about the uses of adverbs in a sentence. you can click on the link to learn about the comparisons of adverbs. Hope you will uses the adverbs correctly in your sentences so on. If you have any question please feel free to comment the comment box below.

NB!

1. Front position; eg:.Fortunatly, my sister loves cooking.

b)
mid position; eg:
We
very often
go to the park.

c)
end position; eg:
He
ran quickly.

1. Answer
   the questions:

eg:
How often do you go swimming?

About
once a week .

1. How often do you eat in
restaurants? 2. How often do you have a shower? 3. How often do you
go shopping? 4. How often do you read a newspaper? 5. How often do
you go to the cinema?

1. Put
   the words in the correct order to make sentences.

1.always/
France/to/go/we/spring/in 2. stay/ hotel/a/usually/we/in. 3.
plane/sometimes/ by/ go/ we. 4. sometimes/ Eurostar/ go/ we/ by.
5.children/ with/ never/ our/ us/ come. 6. we/ restaurant/ go/ a/
often/ evenings/ Friday/ to/ on.

1. Answer
   the questions about you, use adverbs in your answer.

1. How
   do you come to the University? — I
   usually walk.

2. What’s the first thing you
   do in the morning? 3. Do you have coffee or tea for breakfast?

4. What do you do in the
evenings? 5. What do you do on Sundays? 6. Where do you go on
holiday? 7. Do you have a winter holiday? 8. What does your family
do at Christmas?

1. Complete
   the sentences with indefinite adverbs:

1.She
translates texts from Russian into English at home. She
always
translates texts from Russian into English at home.

2. We are at home at 6
o’clock in the evening.

3. They go to see their
friends on Sunday.

4. My daughter gets up at 7
o’clock in the morning.

5. I drink coffee in the
morning.

6. My friend comes to see me
on Saturday.

1. Ask questions to
   italicized words:

1.
Our students answer the
teacher’s
questions during
the lesson.(2)

2.
Smirnov learns English
words at
home.
(2)

3.
We usually translate long
texts
from English into Russian at
our lessons.(3)

4.
My daughter usually reads books
in the evening.
(2)

5.
My
friend’s
wife knows French well. (3)

6.
She
often tells me about
her work.(2)

1. Put
   the words in the correct order to make sentences.

1. always/ France/ to/ go/
we/ spring/ in

………………………………………..

2. stay/ hotel/ a/ usually/
we/ in

……………………………….

3. plane/ sometimes/ by/ go/
we

…………………………………

4. sometimes/ Eurostar/ go/
we/ by

……………………………………

5. children/ with/ never/
our/ us/ come

……………………………………….

6. we/ restaurant/ go/ a/
often/ evening/ Friday/ to/ on

……………………………………………………….

7. Answer the questions about you. Use an adverb of frequency in your answer.

eg.:
What time do you usually get up in the morning?

I
usually get up at seven o’clock in the morning.

1. How do you come to the
university?

……………………………………….

2. What’s the first thing
you do in the morning?

…………………………………………………

3. Do you have tea or coffee
in the morning for breakfast?

……………………………………………………………

4. What do you do in the
evening?

…………………………………..

5. What do you do on Sundays?

…………………………………

6. Where do you go on
holiday?

………………………………..

7. Do you have a winter
holiday?

…………………………………

8. What does your family do
at Christmas?

……………………………………………

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