Usage of the word any

The use of some, any, no in English

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A pronoun is a word that indicates an object or quality of an object, but does not directly name it. Today we will take a look at the indefinite pronouns some, any, no in English.

Rules for using some, any, no

Before we consider the cases of the use of some, any, no, let’s find out the translation of these words.

• Some — some, some, some, a few.
• Any is translated in the same way, and can also be translated as «any».
• No — no, not at all.

The general rule for these pronouns is: some, any, no must come before the noun they define. In this function, they resemble articles (a / an and the), which are also used before a noun. Let’s take a look at the table.

Sentence Example Countable Uncountable

+	We need	an (some) apple. some apples.	some rice. some milk.
—	We don’t need	a (any) tomato.any tomatoes.	any rice.any sugar.
?	do we need	a (any) tomato? any tomatoes?	any rice? any sugar?

It is important to remember that it is better not to leave a noun unaccompanied by a pronoun or article. And now — to the rules of using some, any, no in English.

1. The pronoun some is used in affirmative sentences. But it can also be found in interrogative sentences when it comes to a request or an offer to do something for someone.

   There is some portrait on the wall. — There is a portrait hanging on the wall.

   The boys broke some windows in the house. — The boys broke several windows in the house.

   Would you some beer? — Would you like some beer? (offer)

   Give me, please, some juice. — Please give me some juice. (request)

   Please note that with words in the singular, some translates as «some» (some boy — some boy), with the same plural nouns — «several» (some people — several people), but with uncountable nouns — «a little» (some sugar — a little sugar).
2. The pronoun any is used in interrogative and negative sentences instead of some and means «any, some, no».

   Do you speak any foreign languages? — Do you speak any foreign languages?

   Did the manager take any decision? — Did the manager make any decision?

   I did not find any mistakes. — I haven’t found any errors.

   If any is in an affirmative sentence, then it is translated as “any”, “any”, “whatever”.

   Any vegetable is useful for your health. — Any vegetable is good for your health.

   Any girl wants to get married. — Every girl wants to get married.

   You can catch any of these buses. “You can take any of these buses.

Watch the video from a native speaker to understand the difference between some and any.

3. The pronoun no as a definition is used with all types of nouns, both in the singular and in the plural. It expresses the absence of something and is used only in negative sentences.

   John has no furniture in his flat. — John has no furniture in the apartment.

   Fortunately there are no cars in this area. “Fortunately, there are no cars in this area.

   Note the difference between not and no. We use not for a verb, and no before a noun:

   I have no telephone at home. = I have not got a telephone at home. “I don’t have a phone at home.

   There are no pupils in the classroom. = There are not any pupils in the classroom. — There are no students in the class.

   there is no information in the file. = There is not any information in the file. — There is no information in the file.

   You can use either option: no or not any. Just do not mix them with each other, because in an English sentence there can be only one negation.

   There is no any difference. — There is not any difference or There is no difference… — No difference.

The combination of some, any, no with other words

When we talk about people, things, places, we can add some, any, no and get new words. Let’s look at the table to find out which words we can add these pronouns to.

AboutSome + Any + No +

People	Somebody, someone — someone, someone, someone, someone	Anybody, anyone — anyone, anyone, anyone, anyone, anyone	Nobody, no one — nobody, nobody
Things	Something — something, something, something	Anything — anything	Nothing is nothing, nothing
Places	Somewhere — somewhere, somewhere, somewhere	Anywhere — Anywhere, Anywhere, Anywhere	Nowhere — nowhere, nowhere

And a few more rules worth paying attention to.

Source: https://engblog.ru/some-any-no

Some and Any in English — dot the I

As you know, it is impossible to learn any language for its full use, without having sufficient knowledge of the basis of this language, which is largely grammar. A good knowledge of grammar makes it possible to communicate correctly, build sentences, rewrite and, in general, get full access to all language tools of a particular language.

Learning English may seem difficult only at first glance, grammar is at first quite difficult for many, but if you look at how many people around the world are successfully learning English, you can come to the conclusion that this language is not so difficult to master.

In addition, it is the Russian language that is considered one of the most difficult in the world, and if we know Russian, then we will be able to learn English.

Basic grammar and some important points of information

There are many important and interesting questions in the grammar of the English language that require close study, and today we will talk about exactly what place the words some and any occupy in the English language and what this linguistic phenomenon is. More precisely, this is not even a design, but a language tool that will allow you to achieve the desired effect.

 The words some and any are pronouns, but these are not ordinary pronouns, they are «indefinite». Indefinite pronouns are always used to indicate something, most often using a noun in a complex. As a rule, these words have meaning only in English, and they are not even translated into Russian, but let’s look at everything in order.

What are some and any for, how and where to use them

In English, some and any are used to denote an indefinite, often small, amount of something. Most often, these indefinite pronouns act as definitions for a noun and are placed instead of an article.

The word some, as a rule, is used precisely in affirmative sentences when it is placed before countable nouns (water is uncountable, coins are countable, that is, coins can be counted) in the plural, as well as before uncountable nouns.

In this case, some will assign the meaning «several» or «some». This is easier to understand by looking at more specific examples.

Examples of using some and any

Examples of using the pronoun some

I’ve got SOME interesting books to read. — I have SEVERAL interesting books to read.

SOME children don’t sleep. — SOME kids don’t like sleeping.

As you can see, in these two examples the pronoun some acquires different meanings — “several” and “some”. In the same meanings, the word can be used not only in affirmative sentences, but also in interrogative ones.

Examples of usage and purpose of the pronoun any

The pronoun any is used, as a rule, in negative and interrogative sentences and is translated as the adverb «a little», «at least a little», or is not translated into Russian at all. Combined with the negative particle not, the pronoun any acquires the meaning «none», which is often used in negative sentences. For example:

They haven’t got ANY mistakes in this text. — They have NO mistakes in this text.

When executing the function of defining an uncountable noun, the pronoun any takes the meaning «any»:

Have you got ANY milk here? Is there milk here? (HOW MUCH milk)

As you can see, in the last example, the pronoun is not translated into Russian and takes on special meaning only in English.

Article recommended by an expert: Maria Solomatina

Source: https://1hello.ru/grammatika/some-any-v-anglijskom-yazyke-rasstavim-vse-tochki-nad-i.html

Pointers of an indefinite number of Some (any) in English (for beginners). Rules and exercises

Indefinite pointers (pronouns) some, any used when the number of items is unknown, but at the same time there are not many and not a few of them. In some cases, pronouns some and any are not translated at all. For beginners, I suggest that you familiarize yourself with rules of use these pronouns and their derivatives and perform a few simple exercise.

:

Indicators of the amount of Some (any) in English. Beginner rules

Rule 1. Quantity indicators some (any) are used with both countable and uncountable nouns and show that there are several (a little) objects.

EXAMPLES
I have some books. — I have some books.
I have some coffee. — I have slightly coffee.

* * *

Rule 2. Pronouns some used in the presence of a certain number of objects (substances). If absent, use a negative pronoun No.

EXAMPLES
I have No. books. — I have no books.
I have No. coffee. — I have no coffee.

Rule 3.no = not any, while option with Any used for amplification.

EXAMPLES

I have No. dog. = I have Note g Any dog.
I no dogs. = I have there is no dogs.

there is No. money on the table. = There is not any money on the table.
There is no money on the table. = There is no money on the table.

Rule 4. Pronoun some used in affirmative (+), and Any in negative (-) and interrogative sentences.

COMPARE

• There are some English books in my bag.
• are there Any French books in your bag?
• There aren’t Any French books in my bag.

* * *

Quantity indicators Some, Any, No. Exercises for beginners

Exercise 1. Insert some or year.

1. Are there rabbits in the garden? 2. Are there children in the class? 3. There aren’t chairs in the room. 4. Are there birds in the tree? 5. There isn’t money in the bag. 6. There is .. coffee in the cup. 7. There are policemen in the police station. 8. There are crabs in the water. 9. Are there oranges in the basket? 10. There isn’t milk in the fridge.

* * *

Exercise 2. Insert some, a (an), any.

If the countable noun is in the singular, then the article can be placed in front of it a(an) or pronoun some, which in this case is translated «Some«.

EXAMPLES

• a book(some book) — some kind of book
• some books — multiple books

But only some coffee — coffee (uncountable noun, the article «a» is not used)

1. There’s bread on the table. 2. Have you got eggs? 3. There’s orange on the plate. 4. There are. oranges in the bowl. 5. Is there bread? 6. I haven’t got mushrooms. 7. I’ve got apples. 8. There is beautiful woman in the window. 9. There isn’t butter. 10. Would you coffee?

Repeat Article a (an) in English

* * *

Exercise 3. Use a pattern to form sentences with the words in parentheses SAMPLE: (coffee / table / +): There is some coffee in the cup.

(butter / plate / -): There isn’t any butter on the plate. / There is no butter on the plate.

Source: http://englishinn.ru/some-any-no-dlya-nachinayushhih.html

How to use Some and Any in English (rules and examples)

Words some and any are used in different meanings, there are also pronouns derived from them with similar meanings. The basic rule is that some is used in affirmative sentences, and Any in denials and general issues.

:

Some and any meaning “several, some, some” — before a plural noun. number of

Some and any can be used in the meanings “several, some, some” before countable plural nouns (some and any act as adjective pronouns, that is, replace an adjective). In this case, into Russian some usually not translated.

There are some books on the shelf. — There are books on the shelf (several books, some books).

I am going to feed some birds. — I’m going to feed the birds (some birds, some birds).

Have you got Any yellow bricks? — Do you have yellow bricks? (some number of bricks)

Jack doesn’t have Any matches. — Jack has no matches (no matches).

They asked me some questions. “They asked me a few questions.

Note: some and any can also be used in place of plural nouns, acting as pronouns.

They wanted to see some samples of our product, and we sent them some… — They wanted to see samples of our products (a certain number), and we sent them some (samples).

I needed some nails, but they didn’t have Any… — I needed nails (a certain number), but they did not have them.

Some and any meaning “a certain amount, a little” — before an uncountable noun

In the examples above, the pronouns some and any were used in the meaning of “several, some”, that is, it was not only about the quantity, but also about its uncertainty. The second case is very close in meaning to the first, but there cannot be the meaning of “several” here, since we are talking about an uncountable subject.

In the meanings “some, a little, some” some, any are used before an uncountable noun.

give me some money please — Give me (some, some) money, please.

I have got some food — I have (a little, a certain amount) food.

Don’t give me Any money — Don’t give me (any) money.

I haven’t got Any food — I have no food (not at all).

Note: some and any can also be used in place of an uncountable noun.

Source: https://langformula.ru/english-grammar/some-any/

English grammar for beginners, part 5

: 20.03.2017

And here is another article from the «Grammar for Beginners» series. We have already published four articles and received hundreds of grateful responses from our readers. As a reminder, in this series of articles, we explain grammar in accessible words without complicated terms, so that beginners or people who don’t remember the basics of English well can understand grammar and put it into practice.

:

• 1. Demonstrative pronouns this, that, these, those
• 2. The use of few, a few, little, a little, a lot of, plenty
• 3. Peculiarities of using some, any, no
• 4. Indefinite pronouns with some-, any-, no- and every-

Be sure to check out the following articles in this series:

Demonstrative pronouns this, that, these, those

Demonstrative pronouns in English indicate an object, person, animal. In the singular we use the pronoun this (this, this, this) and that (that, that, that), in the plural — these (these) and those (those).

This and theseThat and those

1. We talk about objects and people who are next to us… In some cases, such phrases will contain the word here, which will indicate to you the proximity of the item. this book here. — Look at this book. (which means the book is next to us)Thesis shoes are too small. — These the shoes are too small. (you try on shoes and tell the seller that they are small)	1. We talk about objects and people who are far from us… In some cases, such phrases will contain the words over there, which will indicate to you the distant location of the object.That book over there belongs to me. — And the book belongs to me. (the book is at the other end of the room, and you show the person that the book over there is yours)Those shoes look fantastic! — Those the shoes look fantastic! (shoes are on the shelf farthest from you)
2. Talking about something happening at the moment of speech or close to the moment of speech.This girl is charming. — This the girl is adorable. (we are looking at the girl at the moment)Thesis hamburgers are tasty. — This is delicious burgers. (refers to the hamburgers we are eating at the moment)	2. Talking about the event in the past tense, that is, distant from the moment of speech.That girl I met last week was charming. — And the girl I met last week was adorable. (the action took place in the past)Those hamburgers we ate yesterday were tasty. — Those the burgers we ate yesterday were delicious. (we are talking about the past — a distant moment in time)
3. When we introduce ourselves (in a telephone conversation) or introduce a person / several people.hello, this is John! — Hey, it John! (we call and introduce ourselves)Thesis are my colleagues, Tom and Jerry. — This is my colleagues, Tom and Jerry.	3. When you ask the person to introduce themselveswith whom you are talking on the phone (person is far away from you) .Hello, is That Sally? — Hey, it Sally?

An interesting point: the pronouns this and it are very similar, we can say both This is a dog and It is a dog. What is the difference between them?

This is a dog. — This is a dog. (emphasis on the first word: we want to say that this, and not some other, animal is a dog)

A cat and a dog are standing in front of us. Your friend points to the cat and claims it is a dog. You point to a dog and say: This is a dog.

It is a dog. — This is a dog. (emphasis on the second word: we want to emphasize that this animal is a dog, not a cat)

Your friend points you to the dog and says it’s a cat. In this case, you tell him: It’s a dog.

Do you understand the difference between these pronouns? Then take our test.

Demonstrative test this, that, these, those

Using few, a few, little, a little, a lot of, plenty

In Part XNUMX of our Grammar for Beginners, we have already learned five words for the amount of something: many, much, some, any, and no. Now let’s see what other expressions are used to denote the number of countable (which can be counted) and uncountable (which cannot be counted) nouns. For convenience, we will present everything in the table.

Countable nouns Uncountable nouns Translation Example

a lot of, lots of	many, very many	I have a lot of books in my library. — In my library lots of books.I put plenty of milk in my coffee. — I poured lots of milk in your coffee.
many	much	many (many in all kinds of sentences, much mostly in negative and interrogative sentences)	do you have many books. — At your place lot books? Do you put much milk in my coffee? — You lot poured milk into my coffee?
some	a little, a little (in affirmative sentences)	I have some books. — I have some books.I put some milk in my coffee. — I poured slightly milk in your coffee.
Any	several, a little (in interrogative and negative sentences)	do you have Any books? — Do you have slightly books? Did you put Any milk in my coffee? — You poured slightly milk in my coffee?
a few	a little	little but enough	I have a few books in my library. — In my library slightly books. (so many books are enough for me) I put a little milk in my coffee. — I poured slightly milk in your coffee. (It’s enough)
few	little	little and not enough	I have few books in my library. — In my library little books. (so little that it’s not enough, there’s a lack) I put little milk in my coffee. — I poured little milk in your coffee. (I would like more, I feel a lack)
No.	there is no one (s), there is no	I have No. books in my library. — In my library no one books.There is No. milk in my coffee. — In my coffee there is no milk.

We want to clarify in a little more detail the difference between the words a few (a little) and few (little). The first of them (a few and a little) are used in case you have little of something, but this amount is still enough for you, you do not experience a shortage. While few and little we use, when you don’t have enough of something and this amount is not enough for you, you are missing it.

Peculiarities of using some, any, no

We figured out how to denote quantity using the words some, any, no. As you noticed, indefinite pronouns in English always appear before a noun and, in fact, replace the article. Let’s see examples of how this happens:

there is a book in the box. = There is some book in the box. — In the box some kind of

Source: https://englex.ru/english-grammar-for-beginners-part-5/

Lesson 22. Turnover there is and there are. New words

1. Town center — city center;
2. Any — (here) any;
3. Oh, dear! — (here) expresses disappointment, may express sympathy;
4. Cash machine — ATM;
5. Need — to be necessary, to be needed, to need;
6. Well — (here) well, it is used to fill a pause, in particular when we select the right word, think about what to say;
7. Petrol station — gas station;
8. School [1] — school.

Turnover there is и there are

In English, to express the idea of ​​the location of something somewhere, as well as to express the idea of ​​possession, the phrase there is and there are is used [2].

There is a bank near here. “There’s a bank nearby.

There are three chairs in my room. — There are three chairs in my room.

The pronoun there is not translated and is placed at the beginning of the phrase. This is followed by the form of the verb to be in the singular or plural, then the noun, about the location or possession of which we are talking, and then a specific space can be indicated.

There is a shop near here. — There is a shop nearby.

There are many good restaurants in my town[3]… — There are many good restaurants in my city.

After the verb form sing. h. Is follows a countable noun with an indefinite article or an uncountable noun without an article:

There is a great film on TV today. “There’s a great movie on TV today.

There is some good news for you. — There is good news for you;

There is some interesting information. — There is interesting information.

A plural noun is placed before the plural verb form Are. h., sometimes with a numeral or other indicator of quantity:

There are two big windows in this room. “This room has two large windows.

There are many good books now. — There are many good books now.

There are four girls over there. — There are four girls.

The verb and the pronoun there can be abbreviated there’s and there’re:

There’s a cinema near here. — Is there a movie theater nearby.

There’re two rooms in my flat. — My apartment has two rooms.

To ask a general question with this construction, you need to put the verb form first:

Is there any park near here? «Is there a park nearby?»

Are there any Chinese restaurants in your town? — Are there Chinese restaurants in your town?

In the short answer, the verb form is placed after the pronoun.

For example, in the singular:

Yes, there is. — Yes.

No, there isn’t. — No.

And in the plural:

Yes, there are. — Yes.

No, there aren’t. — No.

In short answers, the verb form bears phrasal stress and stands out when pronounced.

Further, additional information may be given that was not reflected in the question:

The park is big and beautiful. — The park is large and beautiful.

Chinese restaurants are very popular. — Chinese restaurants are very popular.

To ask a special question, you need to put a question word in front of the verb:

What books are there on a shelf? — What books are on the shelf?

In interrogative sentences, the word any is often used — any:

Is there any museum? — Is there (any) museum here?

In negative sentences, the particle not is placed after the verb. As with affirmative sentences, an abbreviation there isn’t, there aren’t:

There isn’t any milk. — No milk.

There aren’t many students here. — There are not many students here.

The word any in negative constructions expresses the idea of ​​negation more strongly (compare: there is no Russian at all).

The same effect occurs when replacing a particle not with the word no, compare:

There is no time. — (At all) no time;

There are no French books. — (Not at all) there are no French books.

The construction there is / there are is sometimes synonymous with the construction with the verb have — to have, compare:

There is a mobile phone in my bag. — I have a mobile phone in my bag;

I have got a mobile phone in my bag. “I have a cell phone in my bag.

Some differences can be noted: in the constructions with the verb to have, the subject is emphasized, and in the constructions there is / there are, the idea of ​​possession is expressed more generally.

The construction with the pronoun there also exists in different tenses and moods.

[1] In this word, the combination of letters ‘ch’ is read as ‘K’, since this word is of Greek origin, other words with the same root are read in the same way.

[2] The pronoun there is the same sound with the possessive adjective their — them, you can distinguish one from the other in context or in writing.

[3] The construction there are is similar in sound to the construction with the pronoun they — they are, for example, They are English. — They are English.

Source: http://blind-study.ru/course/95/module/131/lesson/151

Pronouns some, any, no in English. Using Some and Any

»Estimates» Pronouns some, any, no in English. Using Some and Any

Indefinite pronouns indicate an indefinite object, object or person, as well as a small number. In English, this group includes some, any with their derivatives. Despite the same translation — «some, some, a little, a little, some, some», they have differences in the rules of use.

Some

Used primarily in affirmative sentences, special questions, and requests and offers. In general questions, the same can be used when it is necessary to especially strongly emphasize a small amount of something.

Any

It is used, as a rule, in negative phrases, general issues. In questions requiring a yes / no answer, in conditional sentences. It is also used in affirmative sentences, but in the meaning of «any, no matter what».

Comparative use of the pronouns some and any

The main difference lies in the types of utterances in which these pronouns are used.

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Any used

• For general questions.
  • Will there be any people in the room? — Will there be any people in the room?
• For negations (together with the not particle)
  • There were not any dogs in the garden… “There were no dogs in the garden.
• In affirmative sentences can be used when it is important to put the emphasis that «it does not matter which, any»
  • You could find these flowers in any forest. — You can find these flowers in any forest.
  • Parents may return at any time. —Parents can return at any time.
  • What kind of tea do you drink? Any will be ok. —What kind of tea do you drink? Anyone will do.
• Since any is used in negative constructs, it will also be used after negative ones, such as:
  • Hardly, scarcely (hardly, almost not)
  • Never (never)
  • Without (- without, and when it is followed by the fourth / ing form of the verb, then «without doing anything»)
  • Seldom, rarely (rarely, infrequently, occasionally)
  • (a little, a little)

Both of these pronouns can be translated into Russian, or their meaning is conveyed descriptively with the preservation of the meaning.

For example, it usually remains without translation when used with uncountable nouns, but the meaning implies «a little, a certain amount, a little».

you give me some tea, please?

Could you pour me some tea, please.

Important notes

Used with uncountable nouns some means only a certain amount, a part, and not the whole whole.

For comparison:

• Lend me some money for shopping. —Lend me some money for shopping.
• Give me the money, or I`ll shoot! —Give me money (everything you have), otherwise I’ll shoot!

It is also worth considering that when using indefinite pronouns with countable nouns, it is no longer necessary to put.

• Where the textbooks? — Some are on the table. — Where are the textbooks? — They (some) are on the table.
• I need some food. Please give me some. —I need some food. Please give me food.

If the pronoun some is used with respect to a certain set of persons or objects in the meaning, then the preposition of is placed after it, and the definite article the or the possessive / demonstrative pronoun is required before the subsequent noun. Derivatives from indefinite pronouns are not used in this construction.

Some of our guests late. Some of our guests were late.
Some of the apples were already eaten… Some of the apples have already been eaten.

Derived from some and any

some and any are derived with the suffixes «thing, body, one, where, when».

• something, anything — «something, anything, whatever» when it comes to inanimate objects and objects
• somebody, someone; anybody, anyone «Someone, someone, anyone, anyone, someone», are used in relation to animate nouns, that is, people
• somewhere, anywhere — «somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, everywhere, nowhere», that is, relative to the location

When using derivatives, you should follow the same rules as for the original pronouns.

In English grammar, special attention should be paid to the category of indefinite pronouns, which includes pronouns such as some, any, little, few, every, much, etc.

These pronouns are studied in separate topics, usually in pairs:

Source: https://rabotayouth.ru/mestoimeniya-some-any-no-v-angliiskom-yazyke-upotreblenie-some-i.html

How any. Comprehensive English-Russian Dictionary

A pronoun is a word that indicates an object or quality of an object, but does not directly name it. Today we will look at indefinite pronouns (indefinite pronouns) some, Any, No. in English.

List of set expressions in English

— How quickly you got to us! Do you seem to live a long way from here?
— I AM took a taxi.

Correct word combination.

— I’m so glad to see you! What an unexpected meeting!
— I didn’t expect it myself. Just took the plane and flew to you.

Incorrect word combination.

Well, we do not say, Russians, so. Got on a plane, bought a plane ticket, but not took the plane… Of course, we will understand the meaning of the expression, but the unnatural combination will “cut the ear”.

In English, the principle is the same: some words are combined, others do not.

quick food — fast food

a fast shower — a quick shower

Hence our advice: Learn not only single words, but also popular English expressions.

Even when you learn a single word, immediately look for the context in which it can and should be used (you will find it in the dictionaries, which will be discussed below). We will devote a separate article to how best to learn new words. And today we are talking about phrases.

List of set expressions in English with translation

Yes, we have prepared a small list of ≈ 140 expressions. The same stable phrases are duplicated in our set of words — follow the link and you can learn them through interactive training.

And yes, just in case: stable expressions — these are combinations of 2 or more words that are often used together with each other and sound natural to a native speaker. It can be noun + adjective, noun + verb, verb + adverb, etc.

1. Fixed expressions with the verb to do in English

To do someone a favor

To do the cooking

To do the housework

To do the shopping

To do the washing up

To do your best

To do your hair

2. Fixed expressions with the verb to have in English

To have a good time (To have a good time, often used as a wish)

To have a bath

To have a drink

To have a haircut

To have a holiday

To have a problem

To have a relationship / to be in relationship

To have lunch

To have sympathy

3. Fixed expressions with the verb to break

To break the law

Break a leg (Informal: Good luck! No fluff, no feather!)

To break a promise

To break a record

To break someone’s heart

To break the ice (Idiom: break the ice, take the first step, mitigate the situation, start)

To break the news to someone

To break the rules

4. Fixed expressions with the verb to take

To take a break

To take a chance

To take a look

To take a rest

To take a seat

To take a taxi

To take an exam

To take notes

To take someone’s place

5. Fixed expressions with the verb to make

To make a difference (Make a difference, make a difference, make a difference)

To make a mess

To make a mistake

To make a noise

To make an effort

To make money

To make progress

To make room

To make trouble

6. Collocations with the verb to catch

To catch the bus

To catch a ball

To catch a cold

To catch a thief

To catch fire

To catch sight of

To catch someone’s attention

To catch someone’s eye

To catch the flu

7. Fixed expressions with the verb to pay

To pay respect

To pay a fine

To pay attention

To pay by credit card

To pay cash

To pay interest

To pay someone a visit

To pay the bill

To pay the price

8. Persistent expression with the verb to keep

To keep the change

To keep a promise

To keep a secret

To keep an appointment

To keep calm

To keep in touch

To keep quiet

Source: https://corp.lingualeo.com/ru/2016/12/23/ustoychivyie-vyirazheniya-na-angliyskom-yazyike/

The turnover there is / there are, its negative form. Indefinite pronouns

Turnover there is/there are literally translated as «There is.» Choice is or are depends on the number of nouns pointed to by the turnover.

The need to use this turnover, perhaps, is not very clear for beginners to learn English, since the analogies of turnover there is/there are in Russian, no. The skills of using this phrase will be useful in the future and will undoubtedly make the language more expressive and beautiful.

This turnover has a fairly wide range of applications. In this topic, we will analyze one such application, namely, an indication of the location of an object.

Compare two sentences:

There are two books on the table. — There are two books on the table (There are two books on the table) and

Two books are on the table. — Two books on the table.

In a non-revolving sentence, the emphasis is on the object (two books). The turnover shifts this emphasis to the location of the object — that makes all the difference. It all depends on what is paramount to you. The difference can be seen from the translation, which is better at first to be guided at first. Thus, if necessary, to say that something is somewhere or located, we use the phrase there is / there are.

Affirmative sentences

An affirmative sentence begins with a turnover, followed by a subject (noun), which can be preceded by a numeral, possessive pronoun and / or adjective. In the last place is the circumstance of place: 1) There is / there are 2) what (who) is 3) where is.

There is a nice-looking girl in that room.
There are five red apples in my bag.

Indefinite pronouns

When using the phrase there is / there are are actively used by indefinite pronouns. Most often these are pronouns some и Anythat represent a certain amount of an object.

some roughly translates to «somewhat / some»
Any — «any / any»

Approximately — because often these pronouns are NOT translated (in sentences) into Russian, and sometimes their translation is very important. You need to get used to the use of these pronouns, since there are no complete analogues of them in the Russian language. But there are certain rules that make it easier to use these indefinite pronouns.

Pronoun some, as a rule, is used only in affirmative suggestions. Pronoun Any usually used in sentences negative и interrogative.

И someand Any are equally used with countable and uncountable nouns.

There ARE some books on the table. Possible translations: There are several books on the table; There is (some) books on the table.

Possible translations: There is (is) some tea in the cup. There is some tea in the cup.

Source: https://www.study.ru/courses/elementary/oborot-there-isthere-are

Examples

• Pronoun: Have you read any of her books?

  functions as a noun phrase: whichever books are being referred to

• Determiner: Have you read any books written by her?

  reference to a number or quantity

Examples

• “Can I have some oranges?” “Sorry, there aren’t any.”
• Is any of these options still available?
• Are any of you planning to work today?

Examples

• “Could I have some milk?” “There isn’t any.”
• Is any of this useful to you?
• Is any of the soda we bought yesterday still in the car?

Examples

• Do any of these come in blue?
• Is any of this data useful to you?
• Are any of these for sale?

Examples

• Are there any marbles left in the bag?
• Do you have any money I can borrow?
• I don’t have any marbles.
• I don’t have any money.

Examples

• Are any of you coming to the party?

  one or more of you

• Is any of you going to help me?

  at least one of you

Tip

Example

• Are any of your rooms available?

  referring to one or more

  Is any of your rooms available?

  referring to at least one, but there may be more

Examples

• Is/are any of them ready?
• Is/are any of the books on sale?
• Is/are any of my answers correct?
• Is/are any of the students absent today?
• Does/do any of you know the answer?
• Has/have any of them called yet?

Note

Examples

• If any of the students needs/need my help, let me know.
• If any of the balloons bursts/burst, replace it/them immediately.
• Unless any of them reports/report the crime, we can’t take action.

Examples

• Plural: “Can I borrow a couple of pens from you?” “Sorry, I don’t have any.”

  to refer to a plural number

• Singular: “Can I borrow a pen?” “Sorry, I don’t have any/one.”

Examples

• Has/have any of the water been filtered?

  any amount of

• Is/are any of your jewelry insured?
• Is/are any of this information useful to you?
• Does/do any of this rust?

Examples

• “Is there some water in the bottle?” “There isn’t any.”
• “We’ve ordered too much pizza.” “Well, if there is any left, we can have it for breakfast.”

“I need milk. Is there any in the fridge?”

Examples

• Are any of the scissors sharpened?
• Why aren’t any of your trousers ever ironed?
• Are any of the sunglasses on sale?

Examples

• Do you have any books I can borrow?
• Is any oil needed in this recipe?
• This house doesn’t have any furniture in it.
• The Pole Star can be seen at any hour of the night at any time of the year from any place in the Northern Hemisphere.

Examples

• Is there any water left in the bottle?
• Is he wearing any trousers?
• Are there any books in the bag?
• Do you have any questions for me?

Examples

• Is/Are there any water left in the bottle?
• Is/Are there any milk in the fridge?
• Is/Are there any money in the purse?

Examples

• There isn’t any milk left in the bottle.
• Sorry, I don’t have any water to spare.
• Farley doesn’t have any money.
• There aren’t any scissors in the salon.
• There aren’t any books in the bag.
• They don’t seem to have any questions for us at the moment.

Examples

• If you need any help with the project, let me know.
• If you meet any monsters, use the magic ring.
• Let me know if you have any questions.

Examples

• Do you have any/a pen in your bag?
• Can I get any/an answer today?
• We are at the lake, but there isn’t any/a boat in sight.

Examples

• If you have any problem at all, let me know.
• I can help you with any query you may have.
• Do you have any idea why this may have happened?
• Is there any way that I can help you?
• Is there any cure at all, Doctor?

Examples

• “Which car would you like?” “Oh, any car will do. I’m not particular.”
• I need a book to read on the flight. Any book will do.
• This is a book any child would love.
• This game can be gifted to a child of any age.
• I like sci-fi, but we can watch any movie you like.

Examples

• I haven’t any plans.

  or

  I have no plans.

• I don’t have any money.

  or

  I have no money.

Examples

• Would you like some more orange juice?

  Expectation that the person would like to have more orange juice.

• Would you like any more tea or coffee?

  More open-ended: the person may or may not want a beverage.

Examples

• Don’t you have any money?

  Expectation that the person has no money.

• Do you have some money I could borrow?

  Expecting a positive answer.

Examples

• Affirmative: There is some water left in this bottle.
  Negative: There isn’t any water left in this bottle.
• Affirmative: There are some books still in the bag.
  Negative: There aren’t any books in the bag.

Examples

• Is/are anybody home?
• Why doesn’t/don’t anyone ever listen to me?
• Is/are there anything I can help you with?

Examples

• Is any one of you ready?
• Any one of these will do.

Examples

• Half the trouble in life is caused by pretending there isn’t any.
• The best of a bad job is all any of us make of it—except of course, the saints.

  — T.S. Eliot, The Cocktail Party, a Comedy (1949)

• ‘Mankind has lost its own say in its future.’ ‘It never had any, really.’
• How real is any of the past, being every moment revalued to make the present possible.
• What is any of this to us?
• After all, what are any of us after but the conviction of belonging?

Examples

• There aren’t any answers to be found. There are no good choices.
• I never had any friends later on like the ones I had when I was 12.
• Any planet is ‘Earth’ to those that live on it.

  — Isaac Asimov, Pebble in the Sky (1950)

• Any fool can tell a crisis when it arrives.

  — Isaac Asimov, Foundation (1942)

Как вы, наверное, знаете, местоимение – это  часть речи, которая указывает на предмет или его принадлежность и качество, но его не называет.  Английские местоимения подразделяются на личные, притяжательные, неопределенные, вопросительные, возвратные, указательные. Рассматриваемые в данном посте местоимения – неопределенные , которых в английском языке довольно много, но в данном посте мы остановимся на some, any, no.  Неопределенное местоимение no некоторые называют также и отрицательным местоимением.  Слова  some, any, no переводятся на русский язык следующим образом:

• Some – какой-то, некоторый, сколько-то (некоторое количество), несколько, какой-нибудь
• Any  — какой-то, какой-нибудь, некоторый, любой
• No —  никакой, нисколько

Неопределенные местоимения some и any, а также их производные, обозначающие неопределенное количество или качество чего-либо, можно применять к различным существительным, независимо от их числа.

Например:

• She has some problems – у нее какие-то проблемы
• May I take some sugar? – можно взять немного сахара?
• Has he any relatives? – у него есть какие-нибудь родственники?
• I can meet you any time you wish – я могу встретиться с вами в любое время

Чтобы научиться правильно употреблять some, any в своей речи и письме, нужно запомнить следующие несложные правила.

Неопределенное местоимение some в основном используется в утвердительных предложениях.

• There is some water in the cup – в чашке немного воды
• There is some person in the hall – в холле какой-то человек
• I have some plums – у меня есть несколько слив

В вопросительных предложениях some используется только в двух случаях: если мы что-то кому-то предлагаем и если мы что-то просим.

• Would you like some chocolate? – Не хотите шоколада?
•  Can I have some salt, please?  — Можно мне немного соли, пожалуйста?

Слово some переводится на русский язык по-разному, в зависимости от того, с какими существительными оно сочетается. В сочетании с исчисляемыми существительными, стоящими в единственном числе, мы переводим  some как «какой-то», если исчисляемые существительные во множественном числе, то – «несколько», а если some употребляется  с неисчисляемыми существительными, то на русский язык можно перевести как  «немного» или не переводить, в зависимости от контекста.

• There is some book on the desk. Is it yours? — На столе какая-то книга. Это твоя?
• I have some pens, I can give you one. — У меня несколько ручек, могу дать тебе одну.
• There is some milk in the bottle, but not much. — В бутылке есть молоко, но немного.
• Take two eggs and some flour. — Возьмите 2 яйца и немного муки.

Местоимение any

Неопределенное местоимение any выполняет функции some в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях.

• У меня есть немного денег – I have some money
• У меня  нет денег – I don’t have any money
• У вас есть деньги? – do you have any money?

Any  может использоваться и в утвердительном предложении, но в таких случаях его значение будет «любой, какой угодно, всякий».

• Any person wants to be happy – любой человек желает счастья
• You may call me any time – вы можете звонить мне в любое время

Местоимение no

Что касается отрицательного или неопределенного местоимения no, оно может сочетаться с любыми существительными независимо от их числа, если выступает в отрицательном  предложении как  определение, и обозначает отсутствие чего-либо:

• There are no mistakes in your dictation – в вашем диктанте нет (никаких) ошибок
• I have no problems – у меня нет никаких проблем

• Обратите внимание, что отрицание может выражаться либо сочетанием «not any«, либо местоимением «no«: There is not anybody in the street — There is nobody in the street.

Как видите, все довольно просто. Нужно только запомнить простые правила, и ваша речь станет грамотней.