 |
|
Microsoft Office 365 version of Microsoft Word, with the new redesign applied |
|
| Developer(s) | Microsoft |
|---|---|
| Initial release | October 25, 1983; 39 years ago (as Multi-Tool Word) |
| Stable release |
2209 (16.0.15629.20208) |
| Repository | none  |
| Written in | C++ (back-end)[2] |
| Operating system |
|
| Platform | IA-32, x64, ARM, ARM64 |
| Type | Word processor |
| License | Trialware |
| Website | microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/word |
Word for Mac running on macOS Ventura (13.2) |
|
| Developer(s) | Microsoft |
|---|---|
| Stable release |
16.64 (Build 22081401) |
| Repository | none |
| Written in | C++ (back-end), Objective-C (API/UI)[2] |
| Operating system | macOS |
| Type | Word processor |
| License | Proprietary software plus services |
| Website | products.office.com/word |
Screenshot of Microsoft Word for Android 13 |
|
| Original author(s) | Microsoft Corporation |
|---|---|
| Developer(s) | Microsoft Corporation |
| Initial release | January 29, 2015; 8 years ago[5] |
| Stable release |
16.0.15427.20090 |
| Repository | none |
| Operating system | Android Pie and later |
| License | Proprietary commercial software |
| Website | products.office.com/word |
| Developer(s) | Microsoft Corporation |
|---|---|
| Initial release | March 27, 2014; 9 years ago[7] |
| Stable release |
2.63.2 |
| Repository | none |
| Operating system | iOS 14 or later IPadOS 14 or later |
| License | Proprietary commercial software |
| Website | products.office.com/word |
| Developer(s) | Microsoft |
|---|---|
| Repository | none |
| Operating system | Windows 10 and later, Windows 10 Mobile |
| Type | Word processor |
| License | Freemium |
| Website | www.microsoft.com/store/productId/9WZDNCRFJB9S |
Microsoft Word is a word processor developed by Microsoft. It was first released on October 25, 1983,[9] under the name Multi-Tool Word for Xenix systems.[10][11][12] Subsequent versions were later written for several other platforms including: IBM PCs running DOS (1983), Apple Macintosh running the Classic Mac OS (1985), AT&T UNIX PC (1985), Atari ST (1988), OS/2 (1989), Microsoft Windows (1989), SCO Unix (1990), macOS (2001), Web browsers (2010), iOS (2014) and Android (2015). Using Wine, versions of Microsoft Word before 2013 can be run on Linux.
Commercial versions of Word are licensed as a standalone product or as a component of Microsoft Office suite of software, which can be purchased either with a perpetual license or as part of a Microsoft 365 subscription.
History[edit]
Origins[edit]
In 1981, Microsoft hired Charles Simonyi, the primary developer of Bravo, the first GUI word processor, which was developed at Xerox PARC.[13] Simonyi started work on a word processor called Multi-Tool Word and soon hired Richard Brodie, a former Xerox intern, who became the primary software engineer.[13][14][15]
Microsoft announced Multi-Tool Word for Xenix[13] and MS-DOS in 1983.[16] Its name was soon simplified to Microsoft Word.[10] Free demonstration copies of the application were bundled with the November 1983 issue of PC World, making it the first to be distributed on-disk with a magazine.[10][17] That year Microsoft demonstrated Word running on Windows.[18]
Unlike most MS-DOS programs at the time, Microsoft Word was designed to be used with a mouse.[16] Advertisements depicted the Microsoft Mouse and described Word as a WYSIWYG, windowed word processor with the ability to undo and display bold, italic, and underlined text,[19] although it could not render fonts.[10] It was not initially popular, since its user interface was different from the leading word processor at the time, WordStar.[20] However, Microsoft steadily improved the product, releasing versions 2.0 through 5.0 over the next six years. In 1985, Microsoft ported Word to the classic Mac OS (known as Macintosh System Software at the time). This was made easier by Word for DOS having been designed for use with high-resolution displays and laser printers, even though none were yet available to the general public.[21] It was also notable for its very fast cut-and-paste function and unlimited number of undo operations, which are due to its usage of the piece table data structure.[22]
Following the precedents of LisaWrite and MacWrite, Word for Mac OS added true WYSIWYG features. It fulfilled a need for a word processor that was more capable than MacWrite.[23] After its release, Word for Mac OS’s sales were higher than its MS-DOS counterpart for at least four years.[13]
The second release of Word for Mac OS, shipped in 1987, was named Word 3.0 to synchronize its version number with Word for DOS; this was Microsoft’s first attempt to synchronize version numbers across platforms. Word 3.0 included numerous internal enhancements and new features, including the first implementation of the Rich Text Format (RTF) specification, but was plagued with bugs. Within a few months, Word 3.0 was superseded by a more stable Word 3.01, which was mailed free to all registered users of 3.0.[21] After MacWrite Pro was discontinued in the mid-1990s, Word for Mac OS never had any serious rivals. Word 5.1 for Mac OS, released in 1992, was a very popular word processor owing to its elegance, relative ease of use, and feature set. Many users say it is the best version of Word for Mac OS ever created.[21][24]
In 1986, an agreement between Atari and Microsoft brought Word to the Atari ST[25] under the name Microsoft Write. The Atari ST version was a port of Word 1.05 for the Mac OS[26][27] and was never updated.
The first version of Word for Windows was released in 1989. With the release of Windows 3.0 the following year, sales began to pick up and Microsoft soon became the market leader for word processors for IBM PC-compatible computers.[13] In 1991, Microsoft capitalized on Word for Windows’ increasing popularity by releasing a version of Word for DOS, version 5.5, that replaced its unique user interface with an interface similar to a Windows application.[28][29] When Microsoft became aware of the Year 2000 problem, it made Microsoft Word 5.5 for DOS available for free downloads. As of February 2021, it is still available for download from Microsoft’s website.[30]
In 1991, Microsoft embarked on a project code-named Pyramid to completely rewrite Microsoft Word from the ground up. Both the Windows and Mac OS versions would start from the same code base. It was abandoned when it was determined that it would take the development team too long to rewrite and then catch up with all the new capabilities that could have been added at the same time without a rewrite. Instead, the next versions of Word for Windows and Mac OS, dubbed version 6.0, both started from the code base of Word for Windows 2.0.[24]
With the release of Word 6.0 in 1993, Microsoft again attempted to synchronize the version numbers and coordinate product naming across platforms, this time across DOS, Mac OS, and Windows (this was the last version of Word for DOS). It introduced AutoCorrect, which automatically fixed certain typing errors, and AutoFormat, which could reformat many parts of a document at once. While the Windows version received favorable reviews (e.g., from InfoWorld[31]), the Mac OS version was widely derided. Many accused it of being slow, clumsy, and memory intensive, and its user interface differed significantly from Word 5.1.[24] In response to user requests, Microsoft offered Word 5 again, after it had been discontinued.[32] Subsequent versions of Word for macOS are no longer direct ports of Word for Windows, instead featuring a mixture of ported code and native code.
Word for Windows[edit]
Word for Windows is available stand-alone or as part of the Microsoft Office suite. Word contains rudimentary desktop publishing capabilities and is the most widely used word processing program on the market. Word files are commonly used as the format for sending text documents via e-mail because almost every user with a computer can read a Word document by using the Word application, a Word viewer or a word processor that imports the Word format (see Microsoft Word Viewer).
Word 6 for Windows NT was the first 32-bit version of the product,[33] released with Microsoft Office for Windows NT around the same time as Windows 95. It was a straightforward port of Word 6.0. Starting with Word 95, each release of Word was named after the year of its release, instead of its version number.[34]
Word 2007 introduced a redesigned user interface that emphasized the most common controls, dividing them into tabs, and adding specific options depending on the context, such as selecting an image or editing a table.[35] This user interface, called Ribbon, was included in Excel, PowerPoint and Access 2007, and would be later introduced to other Office applications with Office 2010 and Windows applications such as Paint and WordPad with Windows 7, respectively.[36]
The redesigned interface also includes a toolbar that appears when selecting text, with options for formatting included.[37]
Word 2007 also included the option to save documents as Adobe Acrobat or XPS files,[37] and upload Word documents like blog posts on services such as WordPress.
Word 2010 allows the customization of the Ribbon,[38] adds a Backstage view for file management,[39] has improved document navigation, allows creation and embedding of screenshots,[40] and integrates with online services such as Microsoft OneDrive.[41]
Word 2019 added a dictation function.
Word 2021 added co-authoring, a visual refresh on the start experience and tabs, automatic cloud saving, dark mode, line focus, an updated draw tab, and support for ODF 1.3.
Word for Mac[edit]
The Mac was introduced on January 24, 1984, and Microsoft introduced Word 1.0 for Mac a year later, on January 18, 1985. The DOS, Mac, and Windows versions are quite different from each other. Only the Mac version was WYSIWYG and used a graphical user interface, far ahead of the other platforms. Each platform restarted its version numbering at «1.0».[42] There was no version 2 on the Mac, but version 3 came out on January 31, 1987, as described above. Word 4.0 came out on November 6, 1990, and added automatic linking with Excel, the ability to flow text around graphics, and a WYSIWYG page view editing mode. Word 5.1 for Mac, released in 1992 ran on the original 68000 CPU and was the last to be specifically designed as a Macintosh application. The later Word 6 was a Windows port and poorly received. Word 5.1 continued to run well until the last Classic MacOS. Many people continue to run Word 5.1 to this day under an emulated Mac classic system for some of its excellent features, such as document generation and renumbering, or to access their old files.
Microsoft Word 2011 running on OS X
In 1997, Microsoft formed the Macintosh Business Unit as an independent group within Microsoft focused on writing software for Mac OS. Its first version of Word, Word 98, was released with Office 98 Macintosh Edition. Document compatibility reached parity with Word 97,[32] and it included features from Word 97 for Windows, including spell and grammar checking with squiggles.[43] Users could choose the menus and keyboard shortcuts to be similar to either Word 97 for Windows or Word 5 for Mac OS.
Word 2001, released in 2000, added a few new features, including the Office Clipboard, which allowed users to copy and paste multiple items.[44] It was the last version to run on classic Mac OS and, on Mac OS X, it could only run within the Classic Environment. Word X, released in 2001, was the first version to run natively on, and required, Mac OS X,[43] and introduced non-contiguous text selection.[45]
Word 2004 was released in May 2004. It included a new Notebook Layout view for taking notes either by typing or by voice.[46] Other features, such as tracking changes, were made more similar with Office for Windows.[47]
Word 2008, released on January 15, 2008, included a Ribbon-like feature, called the Elements Gallery, that can be used to select page layouts and insert custom diagrams and images. It also included a new view focused on publishing layout, integrated bibliography management,[48] and native support for the new Office Open XML format. It was the first version to run natively on Intel-based Macs.[49]
Word 2011, released in October 2010, replaced the Elements Gallery in favor of a Ribbon user interface that is much more similar to Office for Windows,[50] and includes a full-screen mode that allows users to focus on reading and writing documents, and support for Office Web Apps.[51]
Word 2021 added real-time co-authoring, automatic cloud saving, dark mode, immersive reader enhancements, line focus, a visual refresh, the ability to save pictures in SVG format, and a new Sketched style outline.
File formats[edit]
| DOC | Legacy Word document |
|---|---|
| DOT | Legacy Word templates |
| WBK | Legacy Word document backup |
| DOCX | XML Word document |
| DOCM | XML Word macro-enabled document |
| DOTX | XML Word template |
| DOTM | XML Word macro-enabled template |
| DOCB | XML Word binary document |
Filename extensions[edit]
Microsoft Word’s native file formats are denoted either by a .doc or .docx filename extension.
Although the .doc extension has been used in many different versions of Word, it actually encompasses four distinct file formats:
- Word for DOS
- Word for Windows 1 and 2; Word 3 and 4 for Mac OS
- Word 6 and Word 95 for Windows; Word 6 for Mac OS
- Word 97 and later for Windows; Word 98 and later for Mac OS
(The classic Mac OS of the era did not use filename extensions.)[52]
The newer .docx extension signifies the Office Open XML international standard for Office documents and is used by default by Word 2007 and later for Windows as well as Word 2008 and later for macOS.[53]
Binary formats (Word 97–2007)[edit]
During the late 1990s and early 2000s, the default Word document format (.DOC) became a de facto standard of document file formats for Microsoft Office users.[citation needed] There are different versions of «Word Document Format» used by default in Word 97–2007.[54] Each binary word file is a Compound File,[55] a hierarchical file system within a file. According to Joel Spolsky, Word Binary File Format is extremely complex mainly because its developers had to accommodate an overwhelming number of features and prioritize performance over anything else.
As with all OLE Compound Files, Word Binary Format consists of «storages», which are analogous to computer folders and «streams», which are similar to computer files. Each storage may contain streams or other storage. Each Word Binary File must contain a stream called the «WordDocument» stream and this stream must start with a File Information Block (FIB).[57] FIB serves as the first point of reference for locating everything else, such as where the text in a Word document starts, ends, what version of Word created the document and other attributes.
Word 2007 and later continue to support the DOC file format, although it is no longer the default.
XML Document (Word 2003)[edit]
The .docx XML format introduced in Word 2003[58] was a simple, XML-based format called WordProcessingML or WordML.
The Microsoft Office XML formats are XML-based document formats (or XML schemas) introduced in versions of Microsoft Office prior to Office 2007. Microsoft Office XP introduced a new XML format for storing Excel spreadsheets and Office 2003 added an XML-based format for Word documents.
These formats were succeeded by Office Open XML (ECMA-376) in Microsoft Office 2007.
Cross-version compatibility[edit]
Opening a Word Document file in a version of Word other than the one with which it was created can cause an incorrect display of the document. The document formats of the various versions change in subtle and not-so-subtle ways (such as changing the font or the handling of more complex tasks like footnotes). Formatting created in newer versions does not always survive when viewed in older versions of the program, nearly always because that capability does not exist in the previous version.[59] Rich Text Format (RTF), an early effort to create a format for interchanging formatted text between applications, is an optional format for Word that retains most formatting and all content of the original document.
Third-party formats[edit]
Plugins permitting the Windows versions of Word to read and write formats it does not natively support, such as international standard OpenDocument format (ODF) (ISO/IEC 26300:2006), are available. Up until the release of Service Pack 2 (SP2) for Office 2007, Word did not natively support reading or writing ODF documents without a plugin, namely the SUN ODF Plugin or the OpenXML/ODF Translator. With SP2 installed, ODF format 1.1 documents can be read and saved like any other supported format in addition to those already available in Word 2007.[59][60][61][62][63] The implementation faces substantial criticism, and the ODF Alliance and others have claimed that the third-party plugins provide better support.[64] Microsoft later declared that the ODF support has some limitations.[65]
In October 2005, one year before the Microsoft Office 2007 suite was released, Microsoft declared that there was insufficient demand from Microsoft customers for the international standard OpenDocument format support and that therefore it would not be included in Microsoft Office 2007. This statement was repeated in the following months.[66][67][68][69] As an answer, on October 20, 2005, an online petition was created to demand ODF support from Microsoft.[70]
In May 2006, the ODF plugin for Microsoft Office was released by the OpenDocument Foundation.[71] Microsoft declared that it had no relationship with the developers of the plugin.[72]
In July 2006, Microsoft announced the creation of the Open XML Translator project – tools to build a technical bridge between the Microsoft Office Open XML Formats and the OpenDocument Format (ODF). This work was started in response to government requests for interoperability with ODF. The goal of the project was not to add ODF support to Microsoft Office, but only to create a plugin and an external toolset.[73][74] In February 2007, this project released a first version of the ODF plugin for Microsoft Word.[75]
In February 2007, Sun released an initial version of its ODF plugin for Microsoft Office.[76] Version 1.0 was released in July 2007.[77]
Microsoft Word 2007 (Service Pack 1) supports (for output only) PDF and XPS formats, but only after manual installation of the Microsoft ‘Save as PDF or XPS’ add-on.[78][79] On later releases, this was offered by default.
Features and flaws[edit]
Among its features, Word includes a built-in spell checker, a thesaurus, a dictionary, and utilities for manipulating and editing text. It supports creating tables. Depending on the version, it can perform simple calculations, and supports formatting formulas and equations.
The following are some aspects of its feature set.
Templates[edit]
Several later versions of Word include the ability for users to create their formatting templates, allowing them to define a file in which: the title, heading, paragraph, and other element designs differ from the standard Word templates.[80] Users can find how to do this under the Help section located near the top right corner (Word 2013 on Windows 8).
For example, Normal.dotm is the master template from which all Word documents are created. It determines the margin defaults as well as the layout of the text and font defaults. Although Normal.dotm is already set with certain defaults, the user can change it to new defaults. This will change other documents which were created using the template.[81] It was previously Normal.dot.[82]
Image formats[edit]
Word can import and display images in common bitmap formats such as JPG and GIF. It can also be used to create and display simple line art. Microsoft Word added support[83] for the common SVG vector image format in 2017 for Office 365 ProPlus subscribers and this functionality was also included in the Office 2019 release.
WordArt[edit]
An example image created with WordArt
WordArt enables drawing text in a Microsoft Word document such as a title, watermark, or other text, with graphical effects such as skewing, shadowing, rotating, stretching in a variety of shapes and colors, and even including three-dimensional effects. Users can apply formatting effects such as shadow, bevel, glow, and reflection to their document text as easily as applying bold or underline. Users can also spell-check text that uses visual effects and add text effects to paragraph styles.
Macros[edit]
A macro is a rule of pattern that specifies how a certain input sequence (often a sequence of characters) should be mapped to an output sequence according to a defined process. Frequently used or repetitive sequences of keystrokes and mouse movements can be automated. Like other Microsoft Office documents, Word files can include advanced macros and even embedded programs. The language was originally WordBasic, but changed to Visual Basic for Applications as of Word 97.
This extensive functionality can also be used to run and propagate viruses in documents. The tendency for people to exchange Word documents via email, USB flash drives, and floppy disks made this an especially attractive vector in 1999. A prominent example was the Melissa virus, but countless others have existed.
These macro viruses were the only known cross-platform threats between Windows and Macintosh computers and they were the only infection vectors to affect any macOS system up until the advent of video codec trojans in 2007.[citation needed] Microsoft released patches for Word X and Word 2004 that effectively eliminated the macro problem on the Mac by 2006.
Word’s macro security setting, which regulates when macros may execute, can be adjusted by the user, but in the most recent versions of Word, it is set to HIGH by default, generally reducing the risk from macro-based viruses, which have become uncommon.
Layout issues[edit]
Before Word 2010 (Word 14) for Windows, the program was unable to correctly handle ligatures defined in OpenType fonts.[84] Those ligature glyphs with Unicode codepoints may be inserted manually, but are not recognized by Word for what they are, breaking spell checking, while custom ligatures present in the font are not accessible at all. Since Word 2010, the program now has advanced typesetting features which can be enabled,[85] OpenType ligatures,[86] kerning and hyphenation (previous versions already had the latter two features). Other layout deficiencies of Word include the inability to set crop marks or thin spaces. Various third-party workaround utilities have been developed.[87]
In Word 2004 for Mac OS X, support of complex scripts was inferior even to Word 97[88] and Word 2004 did not support Apple Advanced Typography features like ligatures or glyph variants.[89]
Issues with technical documents[edit]
Microsoft Word is only awkwardly suitable for some kinds of technical writing, specifically, that which requires mathematical equations,[90] figure placement, table placement and cross-references to any of these items.[citation needed] The usual workaround for equations is to use a third-party equation typesetter.[citation needed] Figures and tables must be placed manually; there is an anchor mechanism but it is not designed for fully automatic figure placement and editing text after placing figures and tables often requires re-placing those items by moving the anchor point and even then the placement options are limited.[citation needed] This problem is deeply baked into Word’s structure since 1985 as it does not know where page breaks will occur until the document is printed.[citation needed]
Bullets and numbering[edit]
Microsoft Word supports bullet lists and numbered lists. It also features a numbering system that helps add correct numbers to pages, chapters, headers, footnotes, and entries of tables of content; these numbers automatically change to correct ones as new items are added or existing items are deleted. Bullets and numbering can be applied directly to paragraphs and converted to lists.[91] Word 97 through 2003, however, had problems adding correct numbers to numbered lists. In particular, a second irrelevant numbered list might have not started with number one but instead resumed numbering after the last numbered list. Although Word 97 supported a hidden marker that said the list numbering must restart afterward, the command to insert this marker (Restart Numbering command) was only added in Word 2003. However, if one were to cut the first item of the listed and paste it as another item (e.g. fifth), then the restart marker would have moved with it and the list would have restarted in the middle instead of at the top.[92]
Word continues to default to non-Unicode characters and non-hierarchical bulleting, despite user preference for Powerpoint-style symbol hierarchies (e.g., filled circle/emdash/filled square/endash/emptied circle) and universal compatibility.
AutoSummarize[edit]
Available in certain versions of Word (e.g., Word 2007), AutoSummarize highlights passages or phrases that it considers valuable and can be a quick way of generating a crude abstract or an executive summary.[93] The amount of text to be retained can be specified by the user as a percentage of the current amount of text.
According to Ron Fein of the Word 97 team, AutoSummarize cuts wordy copy to the bone by counting words and ranking sentences. First, AutoSummarize identifies the most common words in the document (barring «a» and «the» and the like) and assigns a «score» to each word – the more frequently a word is used, the higher the score. Then, it «averages» each sentence by adding the scores of its words and dividing the sum by the number of words in the sentence – the higher the average, the higher the rank of the sentence. «It’s like the ratio of wheat to chaff,» explains Fein.[94]
AutoSummarize was removed from Microsoft Word for Mac OS X 2011, although it was present in Word for Mac 2008. AutoSummarize was removed from the Office 2010 release version (14) as well.[95]
Other platforms[edit]
Word for mobile[edit]
Word Mobile[96] is a word processor that allows creating and editing documents. It supports basic formatting, such as bolding, changing font size, and changing colors (from red, yellow, or green). It can add comments, but can’t edit documents with tracked changes. It can’t open password-protected documents; change the typeface, text alignment, or style (normal, heading 1); create bulleted lists; insert pictures; or undo.[97][98][99] Word Mobile is neither able to display nor insert footnotes, endnotes, page headers, page footers, page breaks, certain indentation of lists, and certain fonts while working on a document, but retains them if the original document has them.[100] In addition to the features of the 2013 version, the 2007 version on Windows Mobile also has the ability to save documents in the Rich Text Format and open legacy PSW (Pocket Word).[100] Furthermore, it includes a spell checker, word count tool, and a «Find and Replace» command. In 2015, Word Mobile became available for Windows 10 and Windows 10 Mobile on Windows Store.[101]
Support for Windows 10 Mobile version ended in January 12, 2021.[102]
Word for the web[edit]
Word for the web is a free lightweight version of Microsoft Word available as part of Office on the web, which also includes web versions of Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint.
Word for the web lacks some Ribbon tabs, such as Design and Mailings. Mailings allows users to print envelopes and labels and manage mail merge printing of Word documents.[103][104] Word for the web is not able to edit certain objects, such as: equations, shapes, text boxes or drawings, but a placeholder may be present in the document. Certain advanced features like table sorting or columns will not be displayed but are preserved as they were in the document. Other views available in the Word desktop app (Outline, Draft, Web Layout, and Full-Screen Reading) are not available, nor are side-by-side viewing, split windows, and the ruler.[105]
Password protection[edit]
Three password types can be set in Microsoft Word,
- Password to open a document[106]
- Password to modify a document[106]
- Password restricting formatting and editing[107]
The second and third password types were developed by Microsoft for convenient shared use of documents rather than for their protection. There is no encryption of documents that are protected by such passwords and the Microsoft Office protection system saves a hash sum of a password in a document’s header where it can be easily accessed and removed by the specialized software. Password to open a document offers much tougher protection that had been steadily enhanced in the subsequent editions of Microsoft Office.
Word 95 and all the preceding editions had the weakest protection that utilized a conversion of a password to a 16-bit key.
Key length in Word 97 and 2000 was strengthened up to 40 bit. However, modern cracking software allows removing such a password very quickly – a persistent cracking process takes one week at most. Use of rainbow tables reduces password removal time to several seconds. Some password recovery software can not only remove a password but also find an actual password that was used by a user to encrypt the document using the brute-force attack approach. Statistically, the possibility of recovering the password depends on the password strength.
Word’s 2003/XP version default protection remained the same but an option that allowed advanced users to choose a Cryptographic Service Provider was added.[108] If a strong CSP is chosen, guaranteed document decryption becomes unavailable and, therefore, a password can’t be removed from the document. Nonetheless, a password can be fairly quickly picked with a brute-force attack, because its speed is still high regardless of the CSP selected. Moreover, since the CSPs are not active by default, their use is limited to advanced users only.
Word 2007 offers significantly more secure document protection which utilizes the modern Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) that converts a password to a 128-bit key using a SHA-1 hash function 50,000 times. It makes password removal impossible (as of today, no computer that can pick the key in a reasonable amount of time exists) and drastically slows the brute-force attack speed down to several hundreds of passwords per second.
Word’s 2010 protection algorithm was not changed apart from the increasing number of SHA-1 conversions up to 100,000 times and consequently, the brute-force attack speed decreased two times more.
Reception[edit]
![[icon]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png){kind=small} |
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2021) |
Initial releases of Word were met with criticism. Byte in 1984 criticized the documentation for Word 1.1 and 2.0 for DOS, calling it «a complete farce». It called the software «clever, put together well and performs some extraordinary feats», but concluded that «especially when operated with the mouse, has many more limitations than benefits … extremely frustrating to learn and operate efficiently».[109] PC Magazine‘s review was very mixed, stating: «I’ve run into weird word processors before, but this is the first time one’s nearly knocked me down for the count» but acknowledging that Word’s innovations were the first that caused the reviewer to consider abandoning WordStar. While the review cited an excellent WYSIWYG display, sophisticated print formatting, windows, and footnoting as merits, it criticized many small flaws, very slow performance, and «documentation produced by Madame Sadie’s Pain Palace». It concluded that Word was «two releases away from potential greatness».[110]
Compute!’s Apple Applications in 1987 stated that «despite a certain awkwardness», Word 3.01 «will likely become the major Macintosh word processor» with «far too many features to list here». While criticizing the lack of true WYSIWYG, the magazine concluded that «Word is marvelous. It’s like a Mozart or Edison, whose occasional gaucherie we excuse because of his great gifts».[111]
Compute! in 1989 stated that Word 5.0’s integration of text and graphics made it «a solid engine for basic desktop publishing». The magazine approved of improvements to text mode, described the $75 price for upgrading from an earlier version as «the deal of the decade» and concluded that «as a high-octane word processor, Word is worth a look».[112]
During the first quarter of 1996, Microsoft Word accounted for 80% of the worldwide word processing market.[113]
Release history[edit]
| Legend: | Old version, not maintained | Older version, still maintained | Current stable version |
|---|
Microsoft Word 2010 running on Windows 7
| Year released | Name | Version | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1989 | Word for Windows 1.0 | 1.0 | Code-named Opus[114] |
| 1990 | Word for Windows 1.1 | 1.1 | For Windows 3.0.[115] Code-named Bill the Cat[citation needed] |
| 1990 | Word for Windows 1.1a | 1.1a | On March 25, 2014, Microsoft made the source code to Word for Windows 1.1a available to the public via the Computer History Museum.[116][117] |
| 1991 | Word for Windows 2.0 | 2.0 | Included in Office 3.0. |
| 1993 | Word for Windows 6.0 | 6.0 | Version numbers 3, 4, and 5 were skipped, to bring Windows version numbering in line with that of DOS, Mac OS, and WordPerfect (the main competing word processor at the time). Also, a 32-bit version for Windows NT only. Included in Office 4.0, 4.2, and 4.3. |
| 1995 | Word for Windows 95 | 7.0 | Included in Office 95 |
| 1997 | Word 97 | 8.0 | Included in Office 97 |
| 1998 | Word 98 | 8.5 | Included in Office 97 |
| 1999 | Word 2000 | 9.0 | Included in Office 2000 |
| 2001 | Word 2002 | 10.0 | Included in Office XP |
| 2003 | Microsoft Word 2003 | 11.0 | Included in Office 2003 |
| 2006 | Microsoft Word 2007 | 12.0 | Included in Office 2007; released to businesses on November 30, 2006, released worldwide to consumers on January 30, 2007. Extended support until October 10, 2017. |
| 2010 | Word 2010 | 14.0 | Included in Office 2010; skipped 13.0 due to triskaidekaphobia.[118] |
| 2013 | Word 2013 | 15.0 | Included in Office 2013 |
| 2016 | Word 2016 | 16.0 | Included in Office 2016 |
| 2019 | Word 2019 | 16.0 | Included in Office 2019 |
| 2021 | Word 2021 | 16.0 | Included in Office 2021 |
| Year released | Name | Version | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 | Word 1 | 1.0 | |
| 1987 | Word 3 | 3.0 | |
| 1989 | Word 4 | 4.0 | Part of Office 1.0 and 1.5 |
| 1991 | Word 5 | 5.0 |
|
| 1992 | Word 5.1 | 5.1 |
|
| 1993 | Word 6 | 6.0 |
|
| 1998 | Word 98 | 8.5 |
|
| 2000 | Word 2001 | 9.0 |
|
| 2001 | Word v. X | 10.0 |
|
| 2004 | Word 2004 | 11.0 | Part of Office 2004 |
| 2008 | Word 2008 | 12.0 | Part of Office 2008 |
| 2010 | Word 2011 | 14.0 | Part of Office 2011; skipped 13.0 due to triskaidekaphobia.[118] |
| 2015 | Word 2016 | 16.0 | Part of Office 2016; skipped 15.0 |
| 2019 | Word 2019 | 16.0 | Part of Office 2019 |
| 2021 | Word 2021 | 16.0 | Included in Office 2021 |
| Year released | Name | Version | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1983 | Word 1 | 1.0 | Initial version of Word |
| 1985 | Word 2 | 2.0 | |
| 1986 | Word 3 | 3.0 | Removed copy protection |
| 1987 | Word 4 | 4.0 | |
| 1989 | Word 5 | 5.0 | |
| 1991 | Word 5.1 | 5.1 | |
| 1991 | Word 5.5 | 5.5 | First DOS version to use a Windows-like user interface |
| 1993 | Word 6 | 6.0 | Last DOS version. |
| Platform | Year released | Name | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atari ST | 1988 | Microsoft Write | Based on Microsoft Word 1.05 for Mac OS |
| OS/2 | 1989 | Microsoft Word 5.0 | Word 5.0 ran both under DOS and OS/2 dual-mode as a native OS/2 application |
| OS/2 | 1991 | Microsoft Word 5.5 | Word 5.5 ran both under DOS and OS/2 dual-mode as a native OS/2 application |
| OS/2 | 1990 | Microsoft Word for OS/2 Presentation Manager version 1.1 | |
| OS/2 | 1991 | Microsoft Word for OS/2 Presentation Manager version 1.2[citation needed] | |
| SCO Unix | 1990 | Microsoft Word for Unix version 5.0[119] | |
| SCO Unix | 1991 | Microsoft Word for Unix version 5.1[120] |
References[edit]
- ^ «Update history for Microsoft Office 2019». Microsoft Docs. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
- ^ a b «C++ in MS Office». cppcon. July 17, 2014. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved June 25, 2019.
- ^ «System requirements for Office». Office.com. Microsoft. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
- ^ «Update history for Office for Mac». Microsoft Docs.
- ^ Lardinois, Frederic (January 29, 2015). «Microsoft’s Office For Android Tablets Comes Out Of Preview». TechCrunch. Retrieved January 28, 2023.
- ^ «Microsoft Word: Write, Edit & Share Docs on the Go APKs». APKMirror.
- ^ Cunningham, Andrew (March 27, 2014). «Microsoft brings Office to iPad, makes iPhone version free to all». Ars Technica. Retrieved January 27, 2023.
- ^ «Microsoft Word». App Store.
- ^ «Version 1.0 of today’s most popular applications, a visual tour – Pingdom Royal». Pingdom. June 17, 2009. Archived from the original on August 13, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
- ^ a b c d A. Allen, Roy (October 2001). «Chapter 12: Microsoft in the 1980s» (PDF). A History of the Personal Computer: The People and the Technology (1st ed.). Allan Publishing. pp. 12/25–12/26. ISBN 978-0-9689108-0-1. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ^ «Microsoft Office online, Getting to know you…again: The Ribbon». Archived from the original on May 11, 2011.
- ^ «The history of branding, Microsoft history». Archived from the original on May 28, 2009.
- ^ a b c d e Edwards, Benj (October 22, 2008). «Microsoft Word Turns 25». PC World. Archived from the original on July 4, 2012. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ^ Tsang, Cheryl (1999). Microsoft First Generation. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-33206-0.
- ^ Schaut, Rick (May 19, 2004). «Anatomy of a Software Bug». MSDN Blogs. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved December 2, 2006.
- ^ a b Markoff, John (May 30, 1983). «Mouse and new WP program join Microsoft product lineup». InfoWorld. p. 10. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ^ Pollack, Andrew (August 25, 1983). «Computerizing Magazines». The New York Times. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
- ^ Lemmons, Phil (December 1983). «Microsoft Windows». BYTE. p. 48. Retrieved October 20, 2013.
- ^ Advertisement (December 1983). «Undo. Windows. Mouse. Finally». BYTE. pp. 88–89. Retrieved October 20, 2013.
- ^ Peterson, W.E. Pete (1994). Almost Perfect: How a Bunch of Regular Guys Built Wordperfect Corporation. Prima Publishing. ISBN 0-7881-9991-9.
- ^ a b c d e f Knight, Dan (May 22, 2008). «Microsoft Word for Mac History». Low End Mac. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ^ «The Piece Table».
- ^ Brand, Stewart (1989). Whole Earth Software Catalog. ISBN 9780385233019.
For a year, I waited for a heavier-duty word processor than MACWRITE. I finally got it— WORD.
- ^ a b c Schaut, Rick (February 26, 2004). «Mac Word 6.0». Buggin’ My Life Away. MSDN Blogs. Archived from the original on May 14, 2004. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ^ «Atari announces agreement with Microsoft». Atarimagazines.com. April 25, 2008. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ^ «Feature Review: Microsoft Write». Atarimagazines.com. April 25, 2008. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ^ «Today’s Atari Corp.: A close up look inside». Atarimagazines.com. April 25, 2008. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ^ Miller, Michael J. (November 12, 1990). «First Look: Microsoft Updates Look of And Adds Pull-Down Menus to Character-Based Word 5.5». InfoWorld. p. 151. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ^ Needleman, Raphael (November 19, 1990). «Microsoft Word 5.5: Should You Fight or Switch?». InfoWorld. p. 106. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ^ «Microsoft Word 5.5 for MS-DOS (EXE format)». Microsoft Download Center. Retrieved August 19, 2011.
- ^ «War of the Words». InfoWorld. February 7, 1994. pp. 66–79. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ^ a b Lockman, James T.W. (May 15, 1998). «UGeek Software Review: Microsoft Office 98 Gold for Macintosh». Archived from the original on December 3, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ^ Rose, Daniel. «Microsoft Office for Windows NT». DanielSays.com – Daniel’s Legacy Computer Collections. Archived from the original on January 27, 2015. Retrieved May 15, 2015.
- ^ Ericson, Richard (October 11, 2006). «Final Review: The Lowdown on Office 2007». Computerworld. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
- ^ Lowe, Scott (December 11, 2006). «An introduction to the Microsoft Office 2007 ribbon interface». TechRepublic. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
- ^ Shultz, Greg (February 25, 2009). «Be ready for new and improved applets in Windows 7». TechRepublic. Archived from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
- ^ a b Lowe, Scott (January 26, 2007). «Explore what is new and different in Microsoft Word 2007». TechRepublic. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
- ^ Mendelson, Edward (May 11, 2010). «Microsoft Office 2010». PC Magazine. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
- ^ Mendelson, Edward (May 11, 2010). «Microsoft Office 2010: Office 2010’s Backstage View». PC Magazine. Archived from the original on December 2, 2010. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
- ^ Mendelson, Edward (May 11, 2010). «Microsoft Office 2010: Lots of Graphics Options». PC Magazine. Archived from the original on April 24, 2010. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
- ^ «Introduction to Word Web App». Microsoft. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
- ^ «Microsoft Word 1.x (Mac)». WinWorld. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
- ^ a b McLean, Prince (November 12, 2007). «Road to Mac Office 2008: an introduction (Page 3)». AppleInsider. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ^ Tetrault, Gregory (January 2001). «Review: Microsoft Office 2001». ATPM: About This Particular Macintosh. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ^ Negrino, Tom (February 1, 2002). «Review: Microsoft Office v. X». MacWorld. Archived from the original on August 18, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ^ Lunsford, Kelly; Michaels, Philip; Snell, Jason (March 3, 2004). «Office 2004: First Look». MacWorld. Archived from the original on June 25, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ^ Friedberg, Steve (May 25, 2004). «Review: Microsoft Office». MacNN. Archived from the original on April 5, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ^ McLean, Prince (November 14, 2007). «Road to Mac Office 2008: Word ’08 vs Pages 3.0». AppleInsider. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ^ McLean, Prince (November 12, 2007). «Road to Mac Office 2008: an introduction (Page 4)». AppleInsider. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ^ McLean, Prince (March 29, 2010). «New Office 11 for Mac sports dense ribbons of buttons». AppleInsider. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ^ Dilger, Daniel Eran (October 25, 2010). «Review: Microsoft’s Office 2011 for Mac (Page 2)». Apple Insider. Archived from the original on October 28, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ^ Oakley, Howard (May 2, 2015). «.why .the .extensions? Quirks in the naming of files and folders». The Eclectic Light Company. Archived from the original on February 26, 2020. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
Macs used to be the only computers that did not need filename extensions…on classic Mac systems, you can name applications, documents, and most other files almost anything that you like, as the name is not linked in any way to the type of thing that file is.
- ^ «DOCX Transitional (Office Open XML), ISO 29500:2008-2016, ECMA-376, Editions 1-5». loc.gov. January 20, 2017. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
- ^ «5 Appendix A: Product Behavior» (PDF). [MS-DOC]: Word (.doc) Binary File Format (PDF). Redmond, WA: Microsoft. Archived from the original on January 10, 2015. Retrieved January 10, 2015.
- ^ «2.1 File Structure» (PDF). [MS-DOC]: Word (.doc) Binary File Format (PDF). Redmond, WA: Microsoft. Archived from the original on January 10, 2015. Retrieved January 10, 2015.
- ^ «2.1.1 WordDocument Stream» (PDF). [MS-DOC]: Word (.doc) Binary File Format (PDF). Redmond, WA: Microsoft. Archived from the original on January 10, 2015. Retrieved January 10, 2015.
- ^ «What You Can Do with Word XML [Word 2003 XML Reference]». MSDN. 2004.
- ^ a b Casson, Tony; Ryan, Patrick S. (May 1, 2006). «Open Standards, Open Source Adoption in the Public Sector, and Their Relationship to Microsoft’s Market Dominance». In Bolin, Sherrie (ed.). Standards Edge: Unifier or Divider?. Sheridan Books. p. 87. SSRN 1656616.
- ^ «Microsoft Expands List of Formats Supported in Microsoft Office, May 21, 2008». News Center. Microsoft. May 21, 2008. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
- ^ Fulton, Scott M. III (May 21, 2008). «Next Office 2007 service pack will include ODF, PDF support options». Betanews.
- ^ Andy Updegrove (May 21, 2008). «Microsoft Office 2007 to Support ODF – and not OOXML, May 21, 2008». Consortiuminfo.org. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ^ «Microsoft: Why we chose ODF support over OOXML, 23 May 2008». Software.silicon.com. Archived from the original on July 21, 2009. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ^ «Fact-sheet Microsoft ODF support» (PDF). odfalliance. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 11, 2009. Retrieved May 24, 2009.
Microsoft Excel 2007 will process ODF spreadsheet documents when loaded via the Sun Plug-In 3.0 for Microsoft Office or the SourceForge «OpenXML/ODF Translator Add-in for Office,» but will fail when using the «built-in» support provided by Office 2007 SP2.
- ^ Microsoft. «What happens when I save a Word 2007 document in the OpenDocument Text format?». Archived from the original on March 18, 2010. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
- ^ Goodwins, Rupert (October 3, 2005). «Office 12 to support PDF creation, 3 October 2005». News.zdnet.co.uk. Archived from the original on July 23, 2009. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ^ Marson, Ingrid (October 6, 2005). «Microsoft ‘must support OpenDocument’, 6 October 2005». News.zdnet.co.uk. Archived from the original on July 25, 2009. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ^ March 23, 2006, Gates: Office 2007 will enable a new class of application Mass. holding tight to OpenDocument – ZDNet Archived July 21, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ «May 08, 2006 – Microsoft Office to get a dose of OpenDocument». Zdnet.com.au. Archived from the original on July 22, 2009. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ^ OpenDocument Fellowship (October 20, 2005). «OpenDocument Support: Tell Microsoft You Want It!, 20 October 2005». Opendocumentfellowship.com. Archived from the original on March 23, 2008. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ^ «Coming soon: ODF for MS Office, May 04, 2006». Linux-watch.com. May 4, 2006. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ^ LaMonica, Martin (May 5, 2006). «Microsoft Office to get a dose of OpenDocument». CNET News. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ^ «Microsoft Expands Document Interoperability, July 5, 2006». Microsoft.com. July 5, 2006. Archived from the original on February 4, 2007. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ^ Jones, Brian; Rajabi, Zeyad (July 6, 2006). «Open XML Translator project announced (ODF support for Office)». Brian Jones: Office Solutions. Microsoft. Archived from the original on January 18, 2010. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
- ^ LaMonica, Martin (February 1, 2007). «Microsoft to release ODF document converter». CNet News. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
- ^ Lombardi, Candace (February 7, 2007). «Sun to release ODF translator for Microsoft Office». CNET. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ^ Paul, Ryan (July 7, 2007). «Sun releases ODF Plugin 1.0 for Microsoft Office, July 07, 2007». Arstechnica.com. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ^ «Download details: 2007 Microsoft Office Add-in: Microsoft Save as PDF or XPS». Microsoft.com. November 8, 2006. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ^ Microsoft to remove PDF support from Office 2007 in wake of Adobe dispute, Friday, June 2, 2006 Microsoft to remove PDF support from Office 2007 in wake of Adobe dispute | TG Daily Archived February 1, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Klein, Matt. «Word Formatting: Mastering Styles and Document Themes». How-To Geek. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
- ^ «Change the Normal template (Normal.dotm )». support.microsoft.com. Retrieved May 20, 2021.
- ^ in-depth explanation of Normal.dot Archived June 20, 2005, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ «Edit SVG images in Microsoft Office 365». Office Support. Microsoft. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
- ^ What’s new in Word 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
- ^ Improving the look of papers written in Microsoft Word. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
- ^ How to Enable OpenType Ligatures in Word 2010, Oreszek Blog, May 17, 2009.
- ^ Such as «How to delete a blank page in Word». Sbarnhill.mvps.org. Archived from the original on May 5, 2010. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ^ Alan Wood. «Unicode and Multilingual Editors and Word Processors for Mac OS X».
- ^ Neuburg, Matt (May 19, 2004). «TidBITS : Word Up! Word 2004, That Is». Db.tidbits.com. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ^ «Automatically numbering equations and other equation-related questions in Word for Mac 2011». Microsoft Community. February 6, 2013.
- ^ McGhie, John (March 26, 2011). «Word’s numbering explained». word.mvps.org.
- ^ Aldis, Margaret (March 26, 2011). «Methods for restarting list numbering». Word.mvps.org.
- ^ «How To Access Auto Summarize in Microsoft Word 2007». Sue’s Word Tips. December 14, 2011. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
- ^ Gore, Karenna (February 9, 1997). «Cognito Auto Sum». Slate. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ^ Changes in Word 2010 (for IT pros). Technet.microsoft.com (May 16, 2012). Retrieved July 17, 2013.
- ^ Word Mobile
- ^ Ralph, Nate. «Office for Windows Phone 8: Your handy starter guide». TechHive. Archived from the original on October 15, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
- ^ Wollman, Dana. «Microsoft Office Mobile for iPhone hands-on». Engadget. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
- ^ Pogue, David (June 19, 2013). «Microsoft Adds Office for iPhone. Yawn». The New York Times. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
- ^ a b Unsupported Features in Word Mobile. Microsoft. Retrieved September 21, 2007.
- ^ Koenigsbauer, Kirk; Microsoft 365, Corporate Vice President for (July 29, 2015). «Office Mobile apps for Windows 10 are here!». Microsoft 365 Blog. Retrieved July 11, 2020.
- ^ Office Apps for Windows 10 Mobile: End of Support for Windows Phones
- ^ Bradley, Tony (February 2, 2015). «Office Online vs. Office 365: What’s free, what’s not, and what you really need». PC World. Archived from the original on July 24, 2017. Retrieved July 16, 2020.
- ^ Ansaldo, Michael (September 28, 2017). «Microsoft Office Online review: Work with your favorite Office formats for free». PC World. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- ^ «Differences between using a document in the browser and in Word». Office Support. Microsoft. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
- ^ a b «Password protect documents, workbooks, and presentations». Microsoft Office website. Microsoft. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
- ^ «How to Restrict Editing in Word 2010/2007». Trickyways. June 22, 2010. Retrieved April 24, 2010.
- ^ «How safe is Word encryption. Is it secure?». Oraxcel.com. Archived from the original on April 17, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
- ^ Cameron, Janet (September 1984). «Word Processing Revisited». BYTE (review). p. 171. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
- ^ Manes, Stephen (February 21, 1984). «The Unfinished Word». PC Magazine. p. 192. Retrieved October 19, 2021.
- ^ McNeill, Dan (December 1987). «Macintosh: The Word Explosion». Compute!’s Apple Applications. pp. 54–60. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
- ^ Nimersheim, Jack (December 1989). «Compute! Specific: MS-DOS». Compute!. pp. 11–12.
- ^ «Data Stream». Next Generation. No. 21. Imagine Media. September 1996. p. 21.
- ^ Opus Development Postmortem
- ^ «Microsoft Word 1.x (Windows) – Stats, Downloads and Screenshots :: WinWorld». WinWorld. Retrieved July 3, 2016.
- ^ Shustek, Len (March 24, 2014). «Microsoft Word for Windows Version 1.1a Source Code». Retrieved March 29, 2014.
- ^ Levin, Roy (March 25, 2014). «Microsoft makes source code for MS-DOS and Word for Windows available to public». Official Microsoft Blog. Archived from the original on March 28, 2014. Retrieved March 29, 2014.
- ^ a b «Office 14». Office Watch. June 1, 2007.
For the sake of superstition the next version of Office won’t be called ’13’.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Marshall, Martin (January 8, 1990). «SCO Begins Shipping Microsoft Word 5.0 for Unix and Xenix». InfoWorld. p. 6. Retrieved May 20, 2021.
- ^ «Microsoft Word: SCO announces Word for Unix Systems Version 5.1». EDGE: Work-Group Computing Report. March 11, 1991. p. 33. Retrieved May 20, 2021 – via Gale General OneFile.
Further reading[edit]
- Tsang, Cheryl. Microsoft: First Generation. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-33206-0.
- Liebowitz, Stan J. & Margolis, Stephen E. Winners, Losers & Microsoft: Competition and Antitrust in High Technology Oakland: Independent Institute. ISBN 978-0-945999-80-5.
External links[edit]
- Microsoft Word – official site
- Find and replace text by using regular expressions (Advanced) — archived official support website
Updated: 11/06/2021 by
Sometimes called Winword, MS Word, or Word, Microsoft Word is a word processor published by Microsoft. It is one of the office productivity applications included in the Microsoft Office suite. Originally developed by Charles Simonyi and Richard Brodie, it was first released in 1983.
Microsoft Word is available for Microsoft Windows, Apple macOS, Android, and Apple iOS. It can also run on the Linux operating system using WINE.
What is Microsoft Word used for?
Microsoft Word lets you create professional-quality documents, reports, letters, and résumés. Unlike a plain text editor, Microsoft Word has features including spell check, grammar check, text and font formatting, HTML support, image support, advanced page layout, and more.
What does the Microsoft Word editor look like?
Below is an overview of a Microsoft Word 2010 document.
Where do you find or start Microsoft Word?
If you have Microsoft Word or the entire Microsoft Office package installed on Microsoft Windows, you can access Microsoft Word in your Start menu.
Keep in mind that new computers do not include Microsoft Word. It must be purchased and installed before running it on your computer. If you do not want (or cannot afford) to purchase Microsoft Word, you can use a limited version for free at the Microsoft Office website.
If Microsoft Word is installed on your computer, but you can’t find it in your Start menu, use the following steps to launch Microsoft Word manually.
- Open My Computer or File Explorer.
- Click or select the C: drive. If Microsoft Office is installed on a drive other than the C: drive, select that drive instead.
- Find and open the Program Files (x86) or Program Files folder.
- Open the Microsoft Office folder.
- In the Microsoft Office folder, open the root folder. Then open the OfficeXX folder, where XX is the version of Microsoft Office (e.g., Office16 for Microsoft Office 2016) installed on your computer.
Tip
If there is no root folder, look for and open the folder with Office in the folder name.
- Find and double-click the file named WINWORD.EXE to start the Microsoft Word program.
How to open Microsoft Word without using a mouse
- Press the Windows key.
- Type Word and select the Microsoft Word entry in the search results.
- If Microsoft Word does not open after selecting it in the search results, press Enter to launch it.
What are the uses of Microsoft Word?
Microsoft Word is a word processor, and, like other word processors, it’s capable of helping users create a variety of different types of documents. For example, users can create a résumé, business contract, instruction document, or a letter to another person. We’ve included a list of the top uses of a word processor on our word processor page.
How many lines are there on a page in Microsoft Word?
By default, there are 29 lines on one page in Microsoft Word.
What type of files can Microsoft Word create and use?
Early versions of Microsoft Word primarily created and used the .doc file extension, while newer versions of Word create and use the .docx file extension.
More recent versions of Microsoft Word support the creation and opening of these types of files:
- .doc, .docm, .docx
- .dot, .dotm, .dotx
- .htm, .html
- .mht, .mhtml
- .odt
- .rtf
- .txt
- .wps
- .xps
- .xml
Example of a Microsoft Word .doc file
We created a Microsoft Word document that you can download and open in most word processor programs, including Microsoft Word. Click the link below to download the example Word document and experiment more with a word processing document.
- Download example.doc
Why use Word instead of a plain-text editor?
Microsoft Word offers many features not found in a traditional text editor or a plain-text file. Some advantages include changing the formatting (e.g., center), editing the font type, size, and color, inserting pictures, and more.
Tip
The features above are also available in a rich-text editor, such as WordPad, which is included with Microsoft Windows.
Why use Word instead of a WordPad?
A rich-text editor, like WordPad, offers many of the same basic features as Microsoft Word. Where Microsoft Word differs is the ability to do more advanced features. The advanced features include mail merges, spellchecker, styles, tables, headers & footers, WordArt, columns, margins, and more.
What are the different versions of Microsoft Word?
Microsoft Word has had several versions throughout its history. The different releases with release dates are listed below.
Windows versions
- Word 2019, released in 2018
- Office 365 and Word 2016, released in 2016
- Word 2013, released in 2013
- Word 2010, released in 2010
- Word 2007, released in 2006
- Word 2003, released in 2003
- Word 2002, released in 2001
- Word 2000, released in 1999
- Word 98, released in 1998
- Word 97, released in 1997
- Word 95, released in 1995
- Word 6.0, released in 1993
- Word 2.0, released in 1991
- Word 1.1, released in 1990
- Word 1.0, originally invented for MS-DOS and Xenix in 1983 by Charles Simonyi and Richard Brodie, working for Bill Gates and Paul Allen. Word was released in the Windows OS in 1989
Mac versions
- Word 2019, released in 2018
- Word 2016, released in 2015
- Word 2011, released in 2010
- Word 2008, released in 2008
- Word 2004, released in 2004
- Word v. X, released in 2001
- Word 2001, released in 2000
- Word 98, released in 1998
- Word 6, released in 1993
- Word 5.1, released in 1992
- Word 5, released in 1991
- Word 4, released in 1989
- Word 3, released in 1987
- Word 1, released in 1985
Desktop publishing, Editor, Google Docs, Office, Office 365, Office Online, Software terms, WordPad, Word processor, Word processor terms
Microsoft Word является одним из наиболее распространённых программных продуктов для работы с текстом в мире. Он был разработан корпорацией Microsoft и выпущен в 1983 году. С тех пор он прошёл долгий путь развития и стал неотъемлемой частью повседневной работы для многих людей. В этой статье мы рассмотрим основные функции Microsoft Word, его преимущества и недостатки.
Интерфейс и основные функции
Microsoft Word предоставляет множество функций для работы с текстом, начиная от простого форматирования и заканчивая созданием сложных документов, таких как книги и научные статьи. Он имеет интуитивно понятный интерфейс, который легко освоить даже новичку.
В верхней части окна программы находятся все необходимые инструменты для работы с текстом, такие как кнопки форматирования, стилей, шрифтов и т.д. Там же есть меню, из которого можно открывать и сохранять документы, настраивать страницу, вставлять изображения и совершать многие другие действия.
Преимущества программы
Microsoft Word предлагает множество преимуществ пользователям, которые используют его для работы с текстом. Одним из основных преимуществ является его универсальность. Он может использоваться для создания любого типа документов, включая научные статьи, бизнес-документы, письма, резюме и т.д.
Кроме того, он имеет множество функций для форматирования, стилизации и вставки изображений, что делает его идеальным выбором для создания качественных документов. Также в нём есть мощный инструмент для проверки орфографии и пунктуации, что позволяет создавать профессиональные тексты без ошибок.
Недостатки
Хотя Microsoft Word имеет множество преимуществ, он также имеет некоторые недостатки. Один из них — это высокая стоимость. Не каждый может позволить себе приобрести лицензию на программу. Кроме того, Microsoft Word может оказаться сложным для некоторых пользователей, особенно для тех, кто никогда раньше не работал с подобными программами. Иногда пользователи могут столкнуться с проблемами, связанными с форматированием или работой с большими объёмами текста. Кроме того, для работы с программой требуется установленный на компьютере пакет Microsoft Office, что может быть неудобно для пользователей, работающих на других операционных системах.
Microsoft Word — отличный инструмент, который подойдёт тем, кто хочет легко и быстро создавать любые типы документов без ошибок и с возможностью форматирования и стилизации.
Теги:
Windows
Microsoft Word
Microsoft
Word
(часто — MS
Word,
WinWord
или просто Word) —
текстовый
процессор,
предназначенный для создания, просмотра
и редактирования текстовых
документов,
с локальным применением простейших
форм таблично—матричных
алгоритмов. Выпускается корпорацией
Microsoft
в составе пакета
Microsoft
Office.
Программа для печати текста Microsoft Word
В
нашем компьютере множество самых разных
программ. Какими-то из них мы пользуемся
часто, другие же используем крайне редко
или вообще никогда. Но есть в компьютере
программы, знать и уметь пользоваться
которыми просто необходимо. И одна из
них – программа Microsoft Word.
Конечно,
если Вы используете компьютер только
для игр и общения в Интернете, то без
программы Microsoft Word Вы спокойно сможете
обойтись. Но в этом случае вряд ли Вас
можно назвать пользователем компьютера.
Ведь пользователь компьютера – это
человек, который умеет выполнять на
компьютере основные операции (создавать
папку, копировать, удалять) и работать
с популярными компьютерными программами,
в числе которых Word и Excel. Кстати, когда
работодатель требует от сотрудника
знание ПК, это означает, в первую очередь,
знание программы Microsoft Word.
Базовые
знания по работе на компьютере Вы сможете
получить из бесплатного курса «Обучение
компьютеру».
-
Что такое Microsoft Word
Microsoft
Word – это программа для печати текста и
составления документов. Проще говоря,
Microsoft Word (сокращенно Word) – это программа
для печатания. То есть в этой программе
можно напечатать любой тип текста:
статью, документ, реферат, курсовую,
диплом и даже книгу. Также в этой программе
можно красиво оформить текст — добавить
в него картинку или фото, выделить его
части разными цветами, изменить шрифт,
размер букв и многое другое. А еще в
программе Microsoft Word можно составить
таблицу, напечатать объявление или
сделать плакат. Плюс ко всему напечатанное
можно вывести на бумагу, то есть
распечатать на принтере.
-
Что из себя представляет программа Word
Программа
Word представляет из себя белый лист
бумаги, на котором, используя клавиатуру
компьютера, сразу же можно печатать.
Причем, это не один лист бумаги: если
Вам нужно напечатать много текста, и на
один лист он не поместится, то программа
автоматически добавит еще листы. Также
напечатанный текст можно отредактировать:
изменить размер букв, шрифт, начертание
и многое другое. Для этого в программе
Word есть специальные кнопки.
46.Программа Microsoft Excel.
Microsoft
Excel – это широко распространенная
компьютерная программа. Нужна она для
проведения расчетов, составления таблиц
и диаграмм, вычисления простых и сложных
функций.
На
большинстве компьютеров есть набор
(пакет) программ Microsoft Office. Эти программы
принято называть «офисными», так как
они незаменимы при работе в офисе. Самые
популярные офисные программы – Microsoft
Word и Microsoft Excel.
Microsoft
Word – это программа для печати текста и
составления документов. О ней Вы сможете
узнать из уроков раздела Microsoft
Word.
А сейчас поговорим подробнее о программе
Microsoft Excel, или сокращенно Excel (эксэль).
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]
- #
- #
- #
- #
- #
- #
- #
- #
- #
- #
- #
Компьютер или ноутбук используется для работы с разными файлами: тексты, аудио, видео, графика, презентации и т.п. Программу, которая предназначена для работы с текстами, называют текстовым редактором. Что такое Word и при чем тут тексты?
Содержание:
1. О возможностях программы Word
2. Что в имени тебе моем?
3. Программа Word и бесплатные аналоги
4. Разные версии Word и пакета Microsoft Office
5. Как правильно говорить: текстовый редактор или текстовый процессор
6. Что стало со словом «Ворд» в русском языке
Word – это программа для набора и оформления текста. Такая программа является текстовым редактором.
В переводе с английского «Word» означает «слово».
В программе Word можно создавать тексты разной степени сложности: заметка, статья, реферат, курсовая или дипломная работа, книга.
О возможностях текстового редактора Word
Ранее для набора текста была предназначена печатная (или пишущая) машинка. И там, чтобы исправить что-то в тексте, приходилось перепечатывать заново всю страницу или даже несколько страниц. Правда, были дорогие пишущие машинки со специальной красящей лентой, которые позволяли делать незаметные исправления букв, замену одних букв текста на другие. Но такие машинки были большой редкостью.
Благодаря появлению компьютеров и текстовых редакторов работа с текстами сильно упростилась. В том числе, перестало быть проблемой внесение любых исправлений и дополнений в тексты.
В Word имеется много инструментов, чтобы красиво и наглядно оформить тексты. Для оформления текста можно выбрать размер, стиль и цвет шрифта. В текст можно вставить картинку, рисунок, фото, график, таблицу, список, формулы, диаграммы и ссылки на другие материалы.
Для удобства перемещения по тексту можно оформить заголовки и содержание текста, а также вставить колонтитулы и при необходимости добавить водяные знаки.
Файл, созданный в Word, можно легко распечатать на принтере. Для этого в программе имеется команда «Печать». Кстати, программа Word была одной из первых разработок, которая позволяет печатать страницы на принтере точно так, как они выглядят на экране. При печати не происходит сдвигов текста или перемещений картинок.
Если Вы хотите создать новый документ в программе Word, то увидите перед собой чистый лист бумаги на экране вашего устройства. Можно сразу печатать текст или вставить, например, картинку. Если закончилась первая страница, тогда автоматически будет добавлена следующая страница. В любое время можно открыть свой текст в этой программе, чтобы внести в него исправления, либо продолжить работу с ним.
Что в имени тебе моем?
Файлы Word называются документами. В том числе, название связано с форматом doc (сейчас это docx), что является сокращением от английского «document».
Какой формат у файлов, которые созданы в Word? Пользователь сохраняет текст, который он напечатал в программе Word, в формате docx. До Word 2003 включительно у файлов был старый формат doc. Также Ворд позволяет создавать и другие форматы документов, например, pdf. Данный формат широко распространен и применяется на практически всех устройствах, в том числе на мобильных телефонах, смартфонах, планшетах.
Приведем пример имени файла, созданного в Word. Такой файл получает имя, например, test1.docx или text5.docx.
Программа Word и ее бесплатные аналоги
Допустим, Вам прислали файл в формате docx. Как открыть такой файл, чтобы узнать его содержимое? Для этого на компьютере должна быть программа, которая откроет текстовый файл. Как быть, если нет такой программы? Надо ее установить, желательно с официального сайта.
Получается, что программа Word (или ее аналог) нужна, чтобы открыть файл docx, а также чтобы создать и редактировать документ. Иногда, правда, файлы с расширением .doc и .docx открываются и без установки программы Word, поскольку эти расширения стали признанным стандартом.
На официальном сайте Word можно использовать программу один месяц, а потом потребуется приобрести лицензию. Microsoft Office и программа Word из данного офисного пакета являются платными продуктами.
Есть различные бесплатные аналоги Word, выполняющие похожие фукции. Наиболее популярными из них являются Libre Office и Open Office. Между этими двумя офисными пакетами принципиальных отличий нет. При желании можно попробовать каждый из них, чтобы выбрать для себя подходящий вариант.
Скачать Libre Office на русском языке: https://ru.libreoffice.org/
Русскоязычный Open Office https://www.openoffice.org/ru/
Если ведется совместная работа над каким-либо серьезным документом, то используют Microsoft Office. В этом случае не возникает проблем, что в общем документе, например, не совпадает форматирование из-за использования разных офисных программ.
Очень популярным и бесплатным является приложение Google Docs (docs.google.com). Работает с форматом docx и doc.
Огромный плюс состоит в том, что есть доступ из облака. И поэтому документ в Гугл Документах можно открыть на любом устройстве, имеющем выход в интернет.
Другой плюс в том, что в Гугл Документах есть бесплатный инструмент – голосовой ввод. Благодаря этой возможности можно говорить текст голосом, а компьютер (ноутбук, планшет. смартфон) будет записывать вашу речь в виде текста. Вы говорите, а на экране автоматически печатается ваша речь. И при этом не надо стучать по клавишам – замечательно!
Разные версии программы Word и пакета Microsoft Office
Word входит в состав офисного пакета Microsoft Office. Кроме текстового редактора, в этот пакет также входят электронные таблицы Excel, презентации PowerPoint, программа для работы с электронной почтой Outlook и др.
Word и Microsoft Word – это разные наименования одной и той же программы. Кому как удобно, тот так ее и называет. Она входит в состав офисного пакета Microsoft Office.
Microsoft – это компания, которая создала операционную систему Windows, а также разработала офисные программы Office. Была основана Биллом Гейтсом. Microsoft специализируется в области разработки программного обеспечения.
Первый офисный пакет появился в 1990 году, он назывался Office 1.0. Потом было создано много офисных программ. До сих пор используют версии Office 2003, Office 2007, Office 2010, Office 2013. Также выпущен Office 2016 и Office 2019. Причем, Office 2016 был представлен 29 июля 2015 года вместе с операционной системой Windows 10.
В соответствии с разными версиями Office есть разные версии текстового редактора: Word 2003, 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019. При переходе от версии 2003 к 2007 был сменен формат файлов от doc к docx. Формат .docx является более экономичным с точки зрения расходования памяти, он занимает меньше места на жестком диске компьютера или в памяти мобильного устройства, чем прежний формат .doc.
О возможностях пакета Microsoft Office
Файлы, созданные с помощью пакета Microsoft Office, хорошо «понимают» друг друга и отлично взаимодействуют между собой. Например, Word «дружит» с Excel. Допустим, если в табличном редакторе Excel создана какая-то таблица, то ее можно перенести через буфер обмена в редактор Word. И там, в текстовом редакторе появится эта же таблица с теми же данными внутри нее и с тем же форматированием, с теми же размерами или с пропорциональными размерами.
Также программы Word и Excel могут взаимодействовать наоборот. Созданная в текстовом редакторе Word таблица может быть перенесена в Excel, где ее данные можно дополнительно обработать с помощью дополнительных возможностей Excel.
Что интересно и полезно, так это то, что даже простые тексты можно переносить из текстового редактора в табличный редактор Excel. При этом текст автоматически преобразуется в таблицу. Эту таблицу можно будет обработать средствами Excel. А потом можно обратно преобразовать таблицу без особого труда Excel в текст Ворд. Таким нехитрым способом можно, например, упорядочить какой-то список, сделанный в текстовом редакторе.
Таким же образом, программа Word «дружит» с остальными программами, входящими в состав офисного пакета Microsoft Office. Поэтому тексты из Word можно помещать в презентации PowerPoint, отправлять по электронной почте с помощью программы Outlook и делать с ними многое другое.
Как правильно: текстовый редактор или текстовый процессор
Текстовый редактор – это программа для простого ввода текста и его редактирования. В Windows есть встроенная бесплатная программа Блокнот. Несмотря на кажущуюся простоту Блокнота, стоит отметить, что системные администраторы активно используют Блокнот в своей работе. Вызвано это тем, что текст, созданный в Блокноте, не имеет лишнего форматирования, это «чистый» текст.
Блокнот является примером простого текстового редактора. Но простота становится и некоторым ограничением в применении. Например, текст из Блокнота невозможно распечатать точно в таком же виде, как он виден на экране монитора – распечатка получится несколько иная.
Текстовый процессор, в отличие от редактора, предоставляет много дополнительных инструментов для работы с текстом. С этой точки зрения программу Word можно смело назвать текстовым процессором.
С другой стороны, в настоящее время Word принято называть текстовым редактором. Этот термин является более распространенным и понятным большинству пользователей по сравнению с несколько туманным понятием «текстовый процессор».
Таким образом, программу Ворд можно назвать и текстовым редактором, и текстовым процессором. Более популярным является название «текстовый редактор», которое прижилось у большинства пользователей.
Слово «Ворд» в русском языке
Word по-русски можно произнести как «Ворд». В русский язык много слов и терминов ИТ-сферы пришло из английского языка. Например, слово computer – «компьютер». В русском языке изначально использовались термины: ЭВМ – электронно-вычислительная машина, либо «вычислитель». Сейчас слово «компьютер» прочно обосновалось в русском языке.
Как Вы думаете, можно ли в русском языке склонять слово «Ворд» (например, «у меня нет Ворда»)?
На экзамене, конечно, лучше сказать, что не установлена программа Microsoft Word. В курсовой, дипломной или иной работе тоже надо писать, что не установлена программа Microsoft Word. Однако программе Word уже более 30 лет, и в разговорной речи слово «Ворд» уже давно склоняется.
Слово «Ворд», заимствованное из английского языка, в русском языке подчиняется правилам русского языка. «Ворд» имеет мужской род, единственное число и склоняется по падежам:
- Именительный падеж (отвечает на вопросы: Кто? Что?) – ворд
- Родительный падеж (отвечает на вопросы: Кого? Чего?) – ворда
- Дательный падеж (отвечает на вопросы: Кому? Чему?) – ворду
- Винительный падеж (отвечает на вопросы: Кого? Что?) – ворд
- Творительный падеж (отвечает на вопросы: Кем? Чем?) – вордом
- Предложный падеж (отвечает на вопросы: О ком? О чем?) – ворде
Мы говорим по-русски «ворд», и при этом понимаем не дословный перевод «слово», а многофункциональный текстовый редактор (текстовый процессор). Вот так, благодаря техническому прогрессу в IT-сфере, принципиально меняются значения вроде бы простых и понятных слов: «слово» («word») становится не просто словом, а удобной программой.
Дополнительные материалы:
1. Как открывать документ docx или doc удобной программой в Windows
2. Как поставить значок градуса в Ворде или с помощью Таблицы символов в любой программе Windows
3. Что такое шрифт по умолчанию в Word и как его изменить
4. Новые буквы пишутся поверх прежних в Word: замена букв и вставка
5. Как сделать сложную сортировку в Ворде по трем параметрам
Получайте новые статьи по компьютерной грамотности на ваш почтовый ящик:
Необходимо подтвердить подписку в своей почте. Спасибо!