True and false written as one word - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

I am creating a program but facing problem with proper language for comment string in program.

My program performs some operation. This operation typically always generates some data. (meaningful data if operation went as expected or error data if operation didn’t go well).
Now this program returns these two things to user:

data, True — if operation generates meaningful data

data, False — if operation generates error data

I want a comment string at the start of program which mentions what this program is returning to user, and I am not able to come up with a single word which will define True/False nature of this data.

Things I have on mind for comment string:

"Returns data and True/False based on result of operation" (UGLY)
"Returns data and success nature of operation" (WUT?)
"Returns data and boolean result of operation" (Not good)
"Returns data and ....." (I am not good at this really)

asked Jan 6, 2016 at 16:50

It returns a Boolean if you want the technical term in the language, or a flag. So:

Returns data and a flag indicating success/failure.

or:

Returns data and a Boolean indicating success/failure.

Try to stick as close as possible to the pre-defined terms within the language, since many programmers do not speak English natively, and Googling for an answer is much easier if the terms are consistent.

If you have a specific language, look for a similar function, and read the documentation. You can also ask on stackoverflow.

answered Jan 6, 2016 at 18:55

jimm101jimm101

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I suggest validity:

The quality of being logically or factually sound; soundness or cogency:

‘one might question the validity of our data’

So your comment string could read: "Returns data and its validity"

answered Jan 6, 2016 at 18:04

I think you want truth value or truth-value, a common expression used in logic.

Or if the words ‘true’ and ‘false’ are being used only to communicate the success or failure of the operation, you might just go with success.

answered Jan 6, 2016 at 16:53

DyingIsFunDyingIsFun

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Источник

True-False Questions can be tricky! These five easy-to-learn tips can help students experience more success on tests.

(1) Understand True-False Questions

A true-false question is a sentence that states some facts about a person, place, or thing.

Few true-false items are written simply: the entire statement must be considered, so it’s important to read carefully looking for anything that would make it false.

(2) Watch out for Qualifiers

Qualifiers are words that modify a statement by expressing the amount, quality, degree, or intensity.

All or Nothing Qualifiers

All or nothing words are usually false because there are very few things that are 100 percent true.

T F All birds can fly.

This statement is false because not all birds can fly: most can but some can’t – like penguins and ostriches.

One small word can make a huge difference in the basic true-false statement. Qualifiers may overstate a statement (all) or may understate it (none).

“All or none” words are also called “absolutes” and include all, none, no, every, only, never, always, entirely, and invariably.

These words are usually connected with a false statement because there are very few things in this world that are 100% one way or the other.

“Some & Most” Qualifiers

What about “most”? Qualifiers such as “most” may be just right, but they may also overstate the true-false statement.

T F Most snakes are venomous.

This one sounds like it could be true (especially if you don’t like snakes), but it’s actually false: of the three thousand different kinds of snakes, only about 250 types are venomous: this is not most.

Think of qualifiers on a continuum:

All……….Most……….Some……….None

When you see a qualifier in a True-False question, substitute other qualifiers to see which one makes the statement most true.

Try These Tips to Deal with Qualifiers

Remember these suggestions when dealing with qualifiers in true-false statements:

Circle all the qualifiers in the statement
If absolutes (all or none) are used, the statement is always false.
If absolutes are not used, substitute other qualifiers to see which one makes it just right. If it’s a different word from the one used on the test, the answer is false.

This is a sample of what your student can learn in Student Success!

(3) Check Each Part of the Statement

If any part of a true-false statement is false, then the entire statement is false.

Watch out for a statement that includes a list of items: one item in the list may make the statement false: read carefully and check off each item as you consider it! For example,

A warm-climate product, cocoa is grown in the Gold Coast of Africa, Nigeria, British Columbia, and Venezuela.

This statement includes a lot of true information, but one item, British Columbia (in Canada), makes it false. Canada is not a warm-climate country!

(4) Beware of the Negative!

True-False statements that contain negative words or prefixes can be difficult to answer.

Always circle the negative words and prefixes in true-false questions!

Negative Words include not, cannot, and no

Negative Prefixes include dis-, il-, im-, in-, non-, and un-

The addition of negative words and prefixes can quickly change the meaning of true-false statements as seen in these three statements:

It is logical to believe Ben Franklin’s fame was due to his many practical inventions. – True

It is illogical to believe Ben Franklin’s fame was due to his many practical inventions. – Not True

It is illogical to believe Franklin’s fame was not due to his many practical inventions. – True

The last statement is true because the two negatives cancel each other out.

(5) If you must Guess – Guess True

If you cannot remember an answer and have tried these methods, but still can’t figure out the answer, it’s a good idea to guess because you have a 50-50 chance of being right.

Because teachers want you to know what is true, most T-F questions are true.

An Exception to this Rule: If the teacher wants you to change a false statement into a true statement, this rule does not apply!

Need Help Applying these Strategies?

Contact us to schedule an appointment.

(c) 2010 – 2019, Monte W. Davenport, Ph.D.

Источник

Are you confused by IELTS True / False / Not Given questions? Well, you are not alone. They really are question that seems to confuse IELTS test-takers most. I mean, what is the difference between False and Not Given? And if you can scan for the answers, why aren’t they easier to find? Well, in today’s blog, I hope to finally clear up all of the basic questions you might have about True /False / Not Given questions AND look at where you might be going wrong. But first, let’s look at

Top 6 IELTS T/F/NG Facts 🗂
True / False / Not Given questions ask you to verify FACTS
Yes / No / Not Given questions ask you to verify the AUTHOR’S OPINIONS or CLAIMS 
you use the SAME technique to answer both types of question
the questions ALWAYS appear in the SAME ORDER as the text (so you should never go backwards!)
you will NEVER be able to guess or use general knowledge to answer the items
 you CAN SCAN for T/F/NG questions

6 Steps to IELTS True / False/ Not Given Success

So far in my reading blogs, I have had to spend a lot of time showing how most IELTS advice is wrong. Not today! ✊ I am farily sure that every IELTS teacher uses the same technique for True / False / Not Given questions, so let’s start by looking at the correct method, before examining each stage in more detail.

Skim the text to get a general idea of the topic of the passage 
Look at the True / False / Not Given statements and find the KEYWORDS. These are the words that you will use to locate the area of the text that you need to read in more detail. Underline them.
Now, you are ready to start reading. Look at the keywords for the FIRST TWO items and start scanning. It is important that you scan for TWO questions at the same time. Remember, T/F/NG questions ALWAYS appear in the same order as the text. Therefore, if you start scanning and find the keyword for question number 2, you know that you have to go BACK to find question number 1 🔙.
Once you locate the keyword for question number 1, start reading in detail to confirm if the answer is True, False, or Not Given. You will need to confirm that ALL of the information in the sentence, so look back and forth between the text and question to double-check everything. And I mean EVERYTHING!
Once you have chosen your answer, continue scanning for questions 2 AND 3 (remember to always look for TWO questions as you continue through the text)
Keep going until you have answered all of the questions correctly. 🎉

So, that’s it. Those are IELTS True /False / Not Give questions. I hope that I have cleared up any confusion you had and you will be able to answer any you encounter in the future……

Sorry? What was that? You know this technique, but you STILL can’t get the right answer?!!!!

😜Of course, you can’t!!!! 😜

True /False / Not Given questions are one of the most difficult types of question to answer BECAUSE THERE CAN BE PROBLEMS AT ALMOST EVERY STAGE. So, let’s then look at some of the stages again in more detail 👇👇👇👇👇👇👇

Problem 1: Finding the Keywords in T/F/NG Questions

We practiced finding keywords in the recent How to Read Faster blog, when we looked at the True / False / Not Given questions from the passage Land of the Rising Sum. If you remember, we learned that the best keywords are:

names of people / businesses / organisations
languages / nationalities / countries / places
dates / numbers
 technical words (a word you don’t recognise)

And, luckily for us, in the Land of the Rising Sum text, the keywords in ALL the questions fell under one of these categories. For example:

There is a wider range of achievement amongst English pupils studying maths than amongst their Japanese counterparts T/F/NG = nationalities  

The percentage of Gross National Product spent on education generally reflects the level of attainment in mathematics. = unique technical word

However, Land of the Rising Sum was the FIRST passage in the exam. And, as we know, in the IELTS exam, the passages become progressively more difficult throughout the reading test, with Passage 1 being the “easiest” and Passage 3 being the “most difficult”. But, it’s not just the texts themselves that become more difficult, it’s the QUESTIONS too!

For example, let’s look at three True /False / Not Given questions that go with a text in Objective Cambridge IELTS titled Nature/Nurture: An Artificial Division. This text is more similar in difficultly to Passage 2 or 3 in the real exam and discusses which factor has more influence on our personality – nature (our biology / genes) or nurture (our environment / the way we are raised). Read the three T/F/NG questions and underline the keywords you would scan for:

The effects of genetic and environmental factors can be easily distinguished.
Living conditions affect the brain development of people more than rats.
A desire to identify causes as either genetic or environmental may make it difficult to solve certain problems.

How did you get on? ‘1’ and ‘3’ were difficult, right?! Where were all the lovely organisations and countries and languages like we had in the Japanese Maths text?!!!! Exactly, they weren’t there!!! 🙈 Remember this is Passage 3 so it’s testing your skills to the maximum level! This time, there are no really “unique” nouns, but simply nouns that will be

UNIQUE IN CERTAIN PARTS OF THIS TEXT!

The WHOLE passage is about genes and environment, so neither of those words will help us scan for the answers (if you see the same words again and again in the questions, it is unlikely that they will be good words to scan for), which I’m afraid doesn’t leave us with much to look for:

The effects of genetic and environmental factors can be easily distinguished.

As I said, nurture vs nature means genes vs environment – I expect that the WHOLE text will discuss this issue, so it is a BAD idea to scan for these words. That only leaves us with effects and maybe distinguished but that’s is an adjective, which are are usually difficult to scan for. If you only have one word to scan for, then you might want to think about also scanning for synonyms, especially if the word has a lot of common synonyms in English For example, effects could be replaced by outcomes or results or consequences

Living conditions affect the brain development of people more than rats.

Hurrah!🎉🎉 Rats! Ugly little creatures but in this sentence, they look like a great word to scan for. 🐭 I expect we will read about an experiment with rats somewhere in the text. Also, I it might be a good idea to scan for living conditions i.e. a cage 

A desire to identify causes as either genetic or environmental may make it difficult to solve certain problems.

And again, another sentence with almost NOTHING for us to scan for. With genetic and environmental being useless, all that’s left is causes or problems. Both these words are very general, but they are all we have. I would DEFINITELY keep in mind synonyms when scanning here.

So, I think you can already see that even the first instruction, “find the keywords” can be tricky. Yes, in Passage 1 (and maybe 2), the keywords will likely be lovely unique nouns like countries, or names of professors, or dates. But, in Passage 3, don’t be surprised if you have to scan for general words in the text like cause or effect or even synonyms! In fact, some might say that at this point you aren’t “scanning” any more but “speed reading”, which is why it is so important that you raise your general reading speed.

Problem 2: Forgetting to go back in the text to find the answer

So, you’ve looked at all of the questions and underlined the keywords (even if some of them are very general!). Not it’s time to start actually finding some answers. So, you start scanning and, after a few lines, you find your first keyword – YES. So, what do you do next? Well, my advice is

STOP  🛑

GO BACK TO THE BEGINNING OF THE SENTENCE / PARAGRAPH 🔙

START LOOKING FOR THE ANSWER ✅

Why should you go back to the beginning of the sentence or paragraph? Because keywords only tell you the APPROXIMATE place to read. It is a mistake to think that the answer you are looking for is in exactly the same place as the keyword. This can even be true in easier passages, like this question taken from Cambridge IELTS 9: William Henry Perkins. The statement we are asked to check is:

a. Michael Faraday was the first person to recognise Perkin’s ability as a student of Chemistry

Ah, Passage One – look at all those lovely words to scan for – Michael Faraday, Chemistry! The sentence in the text that contains the answer is here:

His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution.

But, look where Michael Faraday is in this sentence – right at the end To find the answer (and, what is the answer …… have a quick look 👀), we have to go back to the BEGINNING of the sentence to where it says

His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall

It wasn’t Faraday who FIRST recognised his talent – it was Thomas Hall. If you didn’t go back, you might mistakenly choose NG. The lesson?

Keywords only tell you the approximate place to read in detail.

You should ALWAYS go back to the beginning of a sentence. In fact, in more difficult texts, you may even have to go back to the SENTENCE BEFORE because T/F/NG don’t always test your understanding of ONE sentence – the information you need to answer them could be spread over 2, 3 or even 4!

👉 Don’t expect the answer to be sitting waiting for you next to the keyword! 👈

Want to take part in an interactive lesson that explains True / False / Not Given questions? Then listen to episode 24 of the My IELTS Classroom podcast:

Problem 3: The difference between True, False and Not Given

So, now we have arrived at the big question – one you have found the correct part of the text and you can see the words you need to check, how can you decide if the answer is true, false or not given? Well, even though most people only have problems differentiating between False and Not Given, let’s look at each of the options in turn to understand exactly what they mean:

True: you can locate information in the text that confirms the statement. You can put your finger on the sentence in the passage that directly states or allows you to infer the statement is true.

False: you can locate information in the sentence that contradicts the statement. You can use information from the passage to CHANGE the statement to be true.

Not Given: you cannot locate information in the text to help you determine if the statement is true or false. You cannot point to ANY information in the text that will help you decide if the statement (or part of the statement) is true or false.

So, let’s be clear. If you are going to choose TRUE OR FALSE, you have to be able to put your finger onto the test paper and say: “Look at this information here- it confirms the information in the statement.”

Remember, when you are checking the statements, you will need to check EVERY WORD. If only one word is contradicted in the text, it is False. In a future blog we will look at different the types of reading skills that T/F/NG questions test (and therefore what words to check), but in general, you will need to CONFIRM EVERYTHING for a True answer.

It’s the same for False, you will have to be able to put your finger on the test paper and say “Look at this information here- it contradicts the information in the statement.” And this is the key point, you have found information that proves the statement is false, so you can now CAN CHANGE THE QUESTION TO MAKE IT TRUE! Let’s repeat that!

If you choose FALSE it means that you have found information in the text that you can use to make the statement true 👈

In my classes, I make every student who chooses False tell me what the “True” sentence is (using information from the text, NOT their own knowledge!). If they can’t, well it’s not False – it’s Not Given. Because, that’s what Not Given is – a sentence that we CANNOT confirm as being true or false because we simply don’t have enough information. The topic might be discussed, but the specific piece of information we are being asked to verify is missing. Hence, it’s Not Given.

False or Not Given Practice

Why don’t we have a look at the three Nature v Nurture questions to make this distinction clear:

1. The effects of genetic and environmental factors can be distinguished with ease = FALSE

The concept of dividing everything into these two mutually exclusive groups is not the right way to think about diseases of behaviours, because genes and environment are not independent. They influence each other greatly, and their effects can almost never be disentangled.

This statement is definitely false. Look at the underlined information. It clearly tells us that genetic and environmental factors CAN ALMOST NEVER BE DISENTANGLED because they influence each other. This means that the two cannot be easily distinguished with ease. As the answer is false, I can change the original statement to be true: The effects of genetic and environmental factors can NOT be distinguished with ease.

2. Living conditions affect the brain development of people more than rats. = NOT GIVEN

A more complicated example involves brain development. Rats who live in dark, crowded, dirty cages grow fewer neural connections than rats raised in spacious cages with toys and varied diets. The disadvantaged rats learn more slowly and perform more poorly on memory tests, although the rats were related genetically. It is always dangerous to extrapolate from animals to humans, so I won’t draw any sweeping conclusions, but at the very least, this experiment shows that environmental factors can produce very different outcomes from similar genetic materials.

What does this part of the passage tell us? It tells us that the brain development of rats is definitely affected by their living environment. However, does the text compare the level of the effect with experiments on humans?! NO!!!! Scientists haven’t kept two sets of children in good and poor living to compare their development (although I am sure that some would like to! 👩 vs 🐭. We have NO IDEA if people are MORE affected than rats. In fact, the writer even says

It is always dangerous to extrapolate from animals to humans, so I won’t draw any sweeping conclusions

Dangerous to extrapolate means that we CAN’T take the results of experiments from rats and say they are the same for humans. Anyway, even if we could, the results of experiments on rats and humans are never compared so, sadly, we WILL NEVER KNOW who is MORE influenced by the environment. And, as I do not know if the statement is true or false, the answer is Not Given. Very simply, I CANNOT UNDERLINE ANY PART OF THE TEXT THAT CONFIRMS OR CONTRADICTS THE STATEMENT. Also, notice that both humans and rats are discussed in the text.

Not Given doesn’t mean that there is NO information. It simply means that there is NOT ENOUGH information! 👈

3. A desire to identify causes as either genetic or environmental may make it difficult to solve certain problems. = TRUE

In summary, the nature/nurture debate is outdated. We now realise that the either/or choice is too simple, and continuing to think in that way will restrict our understanding of humans and limit our ability to address the complex issues we face today.

The underlined parts of the statement and the text say exactly the same thing. Therefore, because the information in the passage confirms the statement in the passage, the correct answer is True. The key here is that I can point to a part of the text that confirms the statement 👆

You can find all of our video and live lessons on our main website www.myieltsclassroom.com, which is where you can also sign up for our IELTS reading packages. Also, remember that every My IELTS Classroom subscription now comes with FREE access to daily live lessons for reading, speaking, and listening. Have a look at this week’s timetable to see what you could be studying if you join 🚀

Источник

Right now, what I have is a code that I can test a single word whether it is a Palindrome or not. I have to input the word, and it will tell me whether it is a Palindrome (True) or if it is not (False)

I need to create one that Asks for a single word, then provides a True of False based on the word that is typed. This is what i have so far.

I really have no idea how to do this, any help would be greatly appreciated.

def isPalindrome(s):
   if len(s) <= 1:
       return True
   else:
       if s[0] != s[len(s)-1]:
           return False
       else:
           return isPalindrome(s[1:len(s)-1])
print(isPalindrome("poop"))

asked Mar 31, 2012 at 2:41

Simply create a reversed string and check if both are equal.

def isPalindrome(s):
    return s == s[::-1]

print(isPalindrome('poop'))

answered Mar 31, 2012 at 3:28

stephenmussstephenmuss

2,4452 gold badges20 silver badges29 bronze badges

Also using a reversed string, but can be used in-line, as well (i.e., doesn’t require a function).

def is_palindrome(word):
    return word == ''.join(reversed(word))

print is_palindrome('hello') #False
print is_palindrome('racecar') #True

answered Mar 31, 2012 at 3:33

hexparrothexparrot

3,3591 gold badge24 silver badges33 bronze badges

If you are asking how to get Python to take user input, then there are a couple options available to you. One option is to make your script run from the command line and use a command line argument and the other is to use the raw_input function. Both are implemented in the following code.

import sys

def isPalindrome(word):
    ...

if __name__ == '__main__':
    if len(sys.argv) > 1:
        inp = sys.argv[1]
    else:
        inp = raw_input("Type a word: ") # Which you might want to strip for white space
    if isPalindrome(inp):
        print inp,"is a palindrome"
    else:
        print inp,"is not a palindrome"

Several other people have suggested alternative implementations for isPalindrome that are probably better, but if you are doing this as an assignment and are supposed to use recursion, then keep using yours. Also, the raw_input function can be called anywhere that is convenient in your script and doesn’t have to be used when called from the command line.

answered Mar 31, 2012 at 4:01

KenKen

1,74811 silver badges10 bronze badges

You might try this function:

def is_palindrome(text):
    return text[:len(text)//2] == text[:(len(text)-1)//2:-1]

Here is example usage for reference:

>>> is_palindrome('')
True
>>> is_palindrome('a')
True
>>> is_palindrome('b')
True
>>> is_palindrome('aa')
True
>>> is_palindrome('ab')
False
>>> is_palindrome('ba')
False
>>> is_palindrome('bb')
True
>>> is_palindrome('aaa')
True
>>> is_palindrome('aab')
False
>>> is_palindrome('aba')
True

answered May 20, 2014 at 19:43

Noctis SkytowerNoctis Skytower

21.2k16 gold badges82 silver badges116 bronze badges

here is mine:

def isPalindrome(word):
    word=str(word)
    a=word[::-1]
    if a!=word:
        return False
    elif word=='':
        return False
    else: return True

answered Jan 29, 2014 at 17:47

Using string subscripting

def is_palindrome(string):
    return all(char == string[-i - 1] for i, char in enumerate(string))

Using list reversing

def is_palindrome(string):
    to_list = list(string)

    # reverse to_list now
    to_list.reverse()

    # our reversed list should be equal string as a list
    # if string is a palindrome
    return to_list == list(string)

answered Sep 11, 2016 at 18:39

Kwaw AnnorKwaw Annor

1,44813 silver badges13 bronze badges

This is mine:

  def palindrome_checker(word):
      return True if len(word) < 2 else (word[0] == word[-1]) and palindrome_checker(word[1:-1])

answered Jul 10, 2016 at 17:40

This should work.

return (s[:1+len(s)//2]==s[len(s)//2:][::-1])

answered Sep 24, 2018 at 13:49

For the people doing the palindrome test from testdome.com that takes into account casing, here is my solution:

def is_palindrome(word):

wordoriginal = []
wordreversed = []

for i in reversed(word):
    i = i.lower()
    wordreversed.append(i)

for i in word:
    i = i.lower()
    wordoriginal.append(i)

return wordoriginal == wordreversed

answered May 10, 2019 at 22:31

RubenRuben

1771 silver badge7 bronze badges

This is what I came up with, hope it works for you:

def palindrome_(word):
    word = input("enter your word Here ")
    return word == word[::-1]

print palindrome_("word")

answered Oct 27, 2015 at 22:30

Источник

‘True, False, Not Given’ questions requires you to identify if information in a text is true or not.

You will be given a number of factual statements and you have to check the text to see if they are true or not.

This is probably the most difficult question on the reading paper.

This post will:

look at example questions
discuss common problems
define ‘True’, ‘False’ and ‘Not Given’
give you tips and advice
provide you with a strategy to use on exam day

In this article when I refer to ‘statements’ I am talking about the questions, not the text in the main reading article.

Example True, False, Not Given Question

This sample is taken from ielts.org reading samples and more sample reading questions can be viewed on that link.

Source: Cambridge English IELTS Past Papers.

As you can see above, you will be given a number of factual statements and asked to look at the text and decide if the statement is true, false or not given.

Common Problems

The biggest problem here is the ‘not given’ option. Most students are not used to answering questions like this and it causes them lots of problems because they are not sure what to look for. They also spend too much time making sure that it is ‘not given’ and this affects the rest of their test.

Students also fail to understand exactly what each statement means and therefore cannot identify if it is true or false. Many focus on keywords instead of understanding what the statement as a whole means.

Another common mistake is identifying keywords in the statements and then trying to find words that exactly match them in the text. You can do this, but more often the words will be synonyms.

Finally, some students fail to understand exactly what true, false and not given actually mean and get confused.

Now let’s look at solving these common problems.

What do TRUE, FALSE and NOT GIVEN mean?

The most important thing to remember is what the words ‘true’, ‘false’ and ‘not given’ actually mean and therefore what IELTS wants you to write.

If the text agrees with or confirms the information in the statement, the answer is TRUE
If the text contradicts or is the opposite to the information in the statement, the answer is FALSE
If there is no information or it is impossible to know, the answer is NOT GIVEN

True means that the meaning is the same. It is just similar then it is FALSE. Remember that we are dealing with factual information so there is no room to say it is similar or nearly the same.

Lots of students have argued with me during practice and said the statement is true because it ‘kind of’ means the same. There is no ‘kind of’ with these questions, only facts.

Very important- Just because an answer is NOT GIVEN does not mean there are no words in the statements that match words in the text. This is something that confuses people, if words match then it must be TRUE or FALSE, right? Not really. This is not a good way to think about these questions because there probably will be matching words for NOT GIVEN answers, they just don’t have enough information to answer the question as a whole.

Top 10 Tips

Ignore anything you already know about the topic and don’t make assumptions. Base your answers on the text only.
Identify any words that qualify the statement, for example, some, all, mainly, often, always and occasionally. These words are there to test if you have read the whole statement because they can change the meaning. For example, ‘Coca-Cola has always made its drinks in the U.S.A.’ has a different meaning from ‘Coca-Cola has mainly made its drinks in the U.S.A.’
Be careful when you see verbs that qualify statements, such as suggest, claim, believe and know. For example, ‘The man claimed he was a British citizen,’ and ‘The man is a British citizen’ mean two different things.
There will be at least one of all three answers. If you don’t have at least one ‘true’, ‘false’ or ‘not given’ you have at least one answer wrong.
Don’t skim and scan the text to find the final answer. You will have to read the appropriate part of the text very carefully in order to understand what the author means.
Don’t look for words that exactly match those in the statements. You should also look for synonyms. Remember that you are matching meaning, not words.
If you can’t find the information you are looking for, then it is probably ‘not given’. Don’t waste time looking for something that is not there.
If you have no idea what the answer is put ‘not given’. You probably have no idea because the answer is not there.
Answers are in the same order they appear in the text. Do not waste time going back. Keep on reading.
YES/NO/NOT GIVEN questions are slightly different because they deal with opinion. TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN questions deal with facts.

True, False, Not Given Strategy

This is my suggested strategy. There are many different strategies and you should use the one you feel comfortable with. You can also adapt this strategy to what suits you.

Always read the instructions carefully and make sure you know if it is a TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN or YES/NO/NOT GIVEN question.
Read all the statements carefully, trying to understand what the whole sentence means rather than simply highlighting keywords. Watch out for qualifying words such as some or always.
Try to think of what synonyms might be in the text. This will help you identify the matching part of the text.
Match the statement with the correct part of the text.
Focus on the statement again and then carefully read the matching part of the text to establish if it is true or false. Remember the meaning should exactly match that of the statement if it is true.
Underline the words that give you the answer, this will help you focus and you can check back later. Again, be careful there are no qualifying words in the text.
If you can’t find the answer, mark it as ‘not given’ and move on to the next question.
If you are really unsure or can’t find the answer, mark it as ‘not given’.

Watch a recording of my True, False, Not given lesson

I hope you found this article on True, False Not Given IELTS questions useful. If you have any questions please let me know in the comments below or on the Facebook page.

My name is Christopher Pell and I’m the Managing Director of IELTS Advantage.

I started IELTS Advantage as a simple blog to help 16 students in my class. Several years later, I am very humbled that my VIP Course has been able to help thousands of people around the world to score a Band 7+ in their IELTS tests.

If you need my help with your IELTS preparation, you can send me an email using the contact us page.

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True-False Questions can be tricky! These five easy-to-learn tips can help students experience more success on tests.

(1) Understand True-False Questions

A true-false question is a sentence that states some facts about a person, place, or thing.

Few true-false items are written simply: the entire statement must be considered, so it’s important to read carefully looking for anything that would make it false.

(2) Watch out for Qualifiers

Qualifiers are words that modify a statement by expressing the amount, quality, degree, or intensity.

All or Nothing Qualifiers

All or nothing words are usually false because there are very few things that are 100 percent true.

T F All birds can fly.

This statement is false because not all birds can fly: most can but some can’t – like penguins and ostriches.

One small word can make a huge difference in the basic true-false statement. Qualifiers may overstate a statement (all) or may understate it (none).

“All or none” words are also called “absolutes” and include all, none, no, every, only, never, always, entirely, and invariably.

These words are usually connected with a false statement because there are very few things in this world that are 100% one way or the other.

“Some & Most” Qualifiers

What about “most”? Qualifiers such as “most” may be just right, but they may also overstate the true-false statement.

T F Most snakes are venomous.

This one sounds like it could be true (especially if you don’t like snakes), but it’s actually false: of the three thousand different kinds of snakes, only about 250 types are venomous: this is not most.

Think of qualifiers on a continuum:

All……….Most……….Some……….None

When you see a qualifier in a True-False question, substitute other qualifiers to see which one makes the statement most true.

Try These Tips to Deal with Qualifiers

Remember these suggestions when dealing with qualifiers in true-false statements:

Circle all the qualifiers in the statement

If absolutes (all or none) are used, the statement is always false.

If absolutes are not used, substitute other qualifiers to see which one makes it just right. If it’s a different word from the one used on the test, the answer is false.

This is a sample of what your student can learn in Student Success!

(3) Check Each Part of the Statement

If any part of a true-false statement is false, then the entire statement is false.

Watch out for a statement that includes a list of items: one item in the list may make the statement false: read carefully and check off each item as you consider it! For example,

A warm-climate product, cocoa is grown in the Gold Coast of Africa, Nigeria, British Columbia, and Venezuela.

This statement includes a lot of true information, but one item, British Columbia (in Canada), makes it false. Canada is not a warm-climate country!

(4) Beware of the Negative!

True-False statements that contain negative words or prefixes can be difficult to answer.

Always circle the negative words and prefixes in true-false questions!

Negative Words include not, cannot, and no

Negative Prefixes include dis-, il-, im-, in-, non-, and un-

The addition of negative words and prefixes can quickly change the meaning of true-false statements as seen in these three statements:

It is logical to believe Ben Franklin’s fame was due to his many practical inventions. – True

It is illogical to believe Ben Franklin’s fame was due to his many practical inventions. – Not True

It is illogical to believe Franklin’s fame was not due to his many practical inventions. – True

The last statement is true because the two negatives cancel each other out.

(5) If you must Guess – Guess True

If you cannot remember an answer and have tried these methods, but still can’t figure out the answer, it’s a good idea to guess because you have a 50-50 chance of being right.

Because teachers want you to know what is true, most T-F questions are true.

An Exception to this Rule: If the teacher wants you to change a false statement into a true statement, this rule does not apply!

Need Help Applying these Strategies?

Contact us to schedule an appointment.

(c) 2010 – 2019, Monte W. Davenport, Ph.D.

Top 6 IELTS T/F/NG Facts 🗂

6 Steps to IELTS True / False/ Not Given Success

Problem 1: Finding the Keywords in T/F/NG Questions

Problem 2: Forgetting to go back in the text to find the answer

Problem 3: The difference between True, False and Not Given

False or Not Given Practice

Example True, False, Not Given Question

Common Problems

What do TRUE, FALSE and NOT GIVEN mean?

True, False, Not Given Strategy