To spell a word like it sounds

What is it called when you spell a word like it sounds?

Phonetic spelling or reading When children spell words the way they sound, they are said to be phonetically spelling — for example, the word lion could be phonetically spelled L-Y-N, or the word move could be phonetically spelled M-U-V.

What are examples of natural sounds?

Sound sources can be divided into two types, natural and man-made. Examples of natural sources are: animals, wind, flowing streams, avalanches, and volcanoes. Examples of man-made sources are: airplanes, helicopters, road vehicles, trains, explosions, factories, and home appliances such as vacuum cleaners and fans.

What is the word for animal sounds?

Animal sounds are a form of onomatopoeia, which are words that imitate sounds. Words like “pop” “buzz” and “boom” are forms of onomatopoeia, and so are “meow,” “woof” and “moo.”

How do you indicate sound in writing?

In general, sounds in fiction are formatted using italics. If the context requires the sound to stand alone for emphasis, it is usually recommended the author use the sound on its own line. If someone is describing sound in first person narrative, there are instances where italics might include dashes.

How do you spell a moan sound?

6 Answers

1. A moan is a low sound, generally.
2. A whimper sounds plaintive or submissive.
3. A grunt or a groan doesn’t sound ladylike.
4. A squeal sounds too drawn out.

How do you express a sigh in writing?

I mostly just use “sigh” and “gasp” where I write them out by hand as opposed to typing them. It depends on the situation. If someone is exasperated or annoyed it’s a >sigh< or >psh< or >snort<. But if it’s more exaggerated, like say a steadying breath I tend to write it out using a bubble.

How do you describe a sigh in words?

Here are some adjectives for sigh: long, exasperated, soft reminiscent, gentle mobile, huge audible, best put-upon, calculatedly pathetic, deep gusty, great, exasperated, deep, put-upon, windy mock, large, put-upon, great, long-suffering, long, spiritless, fragrant and visible, enormously rueful, awkward sad, slight.

What does sigh mean?

1 : to take or let out a long loud breath often as an expression of sadness or weariness. 2 : to make a sound like sighing Wind was sighing in the branches. 3 : to say with a sigh “Oh, dear,” she sighed.

What is another word for sigh?

other words for sigh

• cry.
• gasp.
• groan.
• moan.
• murmur.
• sob.
• whisper.
• whistle.

What is sigh syndrome?

Population: Forty patients who presented to 3 family practice clinics in Israel met our 10 criteria for sigh syndrome: recurrent sighing; shallow respiration; conviction that deep breaths are obstructed; intensity of episodes provokes stress leading to consultation; no obvious trigger; episodes last a few days to …

What exhale means?

intransitive verb. 1 : to rise or be given off as vapor. 2 : to emit breath or vapor.

What is sough?

A sough (pronounced /saʊ/ or /sʌf/) is an underground channel for draining water out of a mine. Ideally the bottom of the mine would be higher than the outlet, but where the mine sump is lower, water must be pumped up to the sough.

What does Tempestuously mean?

adj. 1. Characterized by violent emotions or actions; tumultuous: a tempestuous relationship. 2. Of, relating to, or resembling a tempest: tempestuous gales.

Are sought after?

Something that is sought-after is in great demand, usually because it is rare or of very good quality. A gold medal is the most sought-after prize in world sport.

What does Fretsaw mean?

: a saw that resembles a coping saw but usually has a deeper frame and is used for cutting curved outlines.

How can a Fretsaw be operated safely?

Although fretsaws are common machines they are still dangerous if the operator is careless and if he/she does not keep in mind safe working practices. The material should be fed into the blade slowly and it needs to be gently held down on the table of the machine as this will prevent it from vibrating.

Whats the difference between a fret saw and a coping saw?

Although the coping saw is often used for similar work, the fretsaw is capable of much tighter radii and more delicate work. Compared with the coping saw it has much shallower blades, which are usually extra-fine, up to 32 teeth per inch (tpi).

What is the best saw for cutting curves?

circular saw

How deep do you cut fret slots?

I usually cut them about 0.120″ deep, then the radius reduces the depth on the edges to about 0.095″….

How thick can coping saw cut?

Coping Saw Coping saws are special handsaws that cut very tight curves, usually in thinner stock, like trim molding. But they’ll work in a pinch for outside (from the edge) cuts on reasonably thick stock; say, up to two or even three inches thick….

Which way should the teeth point on a coping saw?

The coping saw blade is installed with the teeth pointing towards the handle. Unlike a hacksaw, which has the teeth pointed away from the handle, the coping saw cuts on the pull stroke. The coping saw blade is removable by partially unscrewing the handle.

Why is it called a coping saw?

A coping saw gets its name because it is primarily used for making coped joints. A coped joint usually involves two strips of moulding, one of which is cut flat at the end to fit against a wall. The other piece is shaped to fit over the over piece, so that the two form a tightly fitting joint.

Can a coping saw cut curves?

A coping saw is simply a C-shaped, steel frame with pivoting blade holders that capture pins on the ends of the blade. This puts the blade under tension and allows it to cut fast, tight curves in just about any material….

What literary devices can you identify?

Here are 10 of the most common literary devices:

• Simile.
• Metaphor.
• Imagery.
• Symbolism.
• Flashbacks.
• Foreshadowing.
• Motif.
• Allegory.

What is irony mistaken?

Coincidence. Often mistaken for irony, the term coincidence involves a great deal of luck, or chance.

What is it called when you write words how they sound?

Onomatopoeia is the process of creating a word that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests the sound that it describes. Such a word itself is also called an onomatopoeia. Common onomatopoeias include animal noises such as “oink”, “meow” (or “miaow”), “roar” and “chirp”.

How do you spell a kiss sound?

In English we have a few different ways to write the sound of a kiss: muah, smack, xxx. They get the idea across, but none of them imitate the actual sound of a kiss. Other languages have the same problem. In Thai it’s chup, in German, schmatz, in Greek, mats-muts, in Malayalam, umma, in Japanese, chu.

What does XOXO mean?

Hugs and kisses

How do you text a kiss?

Use an emoticon. The character symbols :-)* or :-* or :-^ or ^>^ are emoticons that will send a kiss to someone. The character symbols 😡 or 😡 are emoticons that will send the message “pucker up” to someone. The character symbol :*) also means pucker up.

Does 3 kisses mean text?

Three kisses suggest that the other person might like you. If you put three and they respond with three you have entered into a little game. It means they are definitely feeling you out.

What does ? mean from a girl?

winky-kissy face

Is sending X’s flirting?

In the latest example of digital communications being difficult to parse – at least consistently – a judge has ruled that ending a text with a kiss (the letter x, that is, not an emoji) does not constitute flirting. If someone always signs off with a kiss, it is safe to assume that they are not IRL puckering up.

What does ? mean from a guy?

Kissy Face Emoji

What it feels like to be kissed?

You Will Feel the Adrenaline During Your First Kiss Don’t worry, you’re not dying, it’s just the excitement and nerves your body is feeling when you and someone else’s lips are or are about to touch. It’s a good feeling, so don’t panic. Enjoy the adrenaline and all of the weird things going on in your body, have fun!

What does it mean when a girl texts XOXO?

hugs and kisses

How do you ask someone to kiss you?

Creative ways to ask to kiss (or be kissed by) someone

1. “Would it be okay if I kissed you on the lips?”
2. “would you like me to lean closer and put my lips on your neck?”
3. “Would you be willing to kiss me right now?”
4. “Welcome to kissville, population us?”
5. Our Favourite: “Can I kiss you?”
6. “Can you kiss me?”
7. “Can you kiss me softly?”

Should I ask to kiss her or just do it?

Absolutely, positively don’t allow any words to come out of your mouth. And whatever you do, never ask a girl if you can kiss her. Just do it. You’ll find out right away if she’s going to let you.

What should I say before kissing a girl?

Confidently tell her you’d like to kiss her. Honesty, in all things, is the best policy. So just tell her you want to kiss her — it’s not forceful or rude, just confidently romantic. “I want to kiss you right now.” Unless she says “no,” move in slowly after you say it. “I’d love a kiss before I go.”

Should you ask for a kiss or go for it?

Edwards said he agrees that requesting permission isn’t necessary. “If you wanna go straight for the kiss, the best time to do it is when you two are sharing a laugh,” he says. “She might pull back, but you can still apologize and not feel like you’re doing anything aggressive.”

Is it OK to ask to kiss her?

“Never ask to kiss a girl, just do it. “Your first kiss should arise out of the situation because you both want it. It’s something you feel, not something you sign a contract on.”

Do you kiss on every date?

You should kiss her every time you see her going forward, though the specific timing should determine a peck versus swapping spit or necking. Also, don’t be afraid to talk to her about it, whether she enjoys it, how fast she would want to move physically, etc.

What kissing does to a man?

Kissing causes a chemical reaction in your brain, including a burst of the hormone oxytocin. It’s often referred to as the “love hormone,” because it stirs up feelings of affection and attachment. According to a 2013 study, oxytocin is particularly important in helping men bond with a partner and stay monogamous.

How long should a first kiss last?

about 10 seconds

What is the 90 10 rule in kissing?

The 90/10 rule in kissing is that you lean in 90% of the way…and pause. Let her then lean in 10% of the way and initiate the kiss. So, if your lips are 10 inches apart, you move in 9 inches…and wait. When someone invades your personal space, you will either move away, or move closer.

What type of kiss is best for a first kiss?

How to Give the Perfect First Kiss

1. Begin by NOT Kissing. The first move to any successful kiss is to NOT kiss.
2. Make eye contact. Look into the eyes.
3. Slowly introduce the hands.
4. Gently hold the sides of her neck.
5. Lean in to her forehead and then stop.
6. Have your lips open slightly.
7. Keep your hands above the waist and away from the chest.

What is the most romantic type of kiss?

FRENCH KISS One of the most passionate ways to kiss, a French kiss tops the list of kisses! An intimate and erotic move, it is surely to set your partner’s mood for some romance. Start by tilting in and locking your partner’s lips with yours.

What makes a great kisser?

A good kisser is a person who kisses exactly like you do. So everyone can be a good kisser to someone. However, if you do crazy things, there won’t be a lot of someones that think you’re good. A good kisser is a person who kisses exactly like you do.

Does a peck count as a first kiss?

My own definition of “first kiss” is the first kiss after puberty starts that was mutually desired by both parties and that lasts longer than the duration of a “peck”. So even if it’s just closed-mouth lip-touching (which is what comprised my first kiss), if it’s sustained, it counts.

Phonetic spelling or reading When children spell words the way they sound, they are said to be phonetically spelling — for example, the word lion could be phonetically spelled L-Y-N, or the word move could be phonetically spelled M-U-V.

How do you write the word pronunciation?

Syllables are separated by hyphens (“-“). The stress on a syllable is indicated by capital letters. For example, the word “pronunciation” (/prəˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃən/) is respelled prə-NUN-see-AY-shən.

What is phonetic name?

Your name will be pronounced phonetically. Phonetic pronunciation of your first and last names is saying them as they sound, not as they are written. … Some names may be obvious, and some may require special attention. If you would like to guide us on the pronunciation of your name, you are most welcome.

What are the three branches of phonetics?

Modern phonetics has three main branches:

• Articulatory phonetics which studies the way sounds are made with the articulators.
• Acoustic phonetics which studies the acoustic results of different articulations.
• Auditory phonetics which studies the way listeners perceive and understand linguistic signals.

What is phonetic sound?

Phonetics is the study of human sounds and phonology is the classification of the sounds within the system of a particular language or languages. … Sounds can be divided into consonants and vowels. The former can be characterised according to 1) place, 2) manner of articulation and 3) voice (voiceless or voiced).

What is a non phonetic word?

Non–phonetic words in our language are those words that are not spelled according to the sounds the letters represent. The best example is the word was. If you try to spell this word by listening to the sounds, you would write w-u-z. … Because these words are special, we call them “RED WORDS“.

What are the phonics words?

Phonics involves matching the sounds of spoken English with individual letters or groups of letters. For example, the sound k can be spelled as c, k, ck or ch. Teaching children to blend the sounds of letters together helps them decode unfamiliar or unknown words by sounding them out.

What percentage of the English language is phonetic?

Teaching phonics is a waste of time. My rebuttal: While there are exceptions, the majority of our words prove phonetically — actually, around 84 percent. And that percentage is mostly if the words are spelled on sound-symbol correspondences alone. One letter may be off, but the word is mostly predictable.

Is phonics the same as spelling?

Phonics involves the relationship between sounds and their spellings. The goal of phonics instruction is to teach students the most common sound-spelling relationships so that they can decode, or sound out, words.

Предложения:
speak a word

На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать грубую лексику.

На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать разговорную лексику.

Anyone who can only think of one way to spell a word obviously lacks imagination.

Тому, кто может придумать только один вариант правописания слова, очевидно не хватает воображения.

You can spell a word that means nothing.

The child may learn how to spell a word today, and completely forget the next day.

Они могут научиться писать слова и совершенно забыть на следующий день.

You can use other letters to spell a word.

He will never spell a word which may hurt anyone.

Поэтому, он никогда не скажет слово, способное обидеть.

If you don’t know how to spell a word, use a dictionary.

One is semantic memory, which allows us to remember how to spell a word like say, autonoetic.

Одна — семантическая, которая позволяет нам помнить, как пишется, скажем, аутоноэтический.

Human DNA consists of more than 3 billion building blocks whose sequences form genes, just like letters spell a word.

ДНК человека состоит из более чем З млрд «кирпичиков», сочетания которых образуют гены так же, как буквы образовывают слова.

&Nbsp;- &Laquo; Spell a word» — General concepts — classification of the pictures, listening.

«Назови одним словом» — обобщающие понятия — классификации по картинкам, на слух.

The random characters that happened to be shown to the user were W, A, I, T, which, of course, spell a word.

Случайные символы, которые видел пользователь, оказались Ш, А, I, T [подожди], и сложились в слово.

In other words, you may not know how to correctly spell a word until all of the names have been indexed — at which point it’s too late unless you implement a two-pass indexing algorithm.

Другими словами, вы можете не знать, как правильно произнести слово до тех пор, пока все имена не будут проиндексированы — в этот момент еще слишком поздно, если вы не реализуете алгоритм индексации с двумя проходами.

This has been used by many researchers worldwide to create BCI-based applications that allow users to spell a word, identify images, select buttons in a virtual environment and more recently, even play in an orchestra or send a Twitter message.

Эта характеристика мозга использовалась многими исследователями во всем мире для создания BCI-приложений, которые позволят произносить слова, узнавать изображения, выбирать кнопки в виртуальной среде и, в последнее время, выполнять даже такие сложные вещи как игра в оркестре или публикация сообщений в Twitter.

A domain hack is using the full domain name at all levels to spell a word or phrase. This is typically accomplished by combining generic terms with a country code top level domain (ccTLD).

Доменная комбинация — это домен, в котором доменное имя и домен верхнего уровня (TLD) объединяются в одно слово или выражение, например ComeWith.ME.

Did I spell a word incorrectly?

Другие результаты

A poem where the first letter of each line spells a word.

Форма стихотворения, в которой первые буквы каждой строки составляют слово.

Expect to be asked to spell a few words or do some simple arithmetic.

Больному предлагают списать несколько простых слов или решить простые арифметические примеры.

It is recommended that students also spell a few words with each new pattern.

But only one of them’s spells out a word.

Peculiarly, it is simply impossible to spell out a word in Chinese language.

В частности, просто невозможно изложить слово на китайском языке.

Plus, LGBTQ just sounds like a dyslexic kid trying to spell a big word.

Ничего не найдено для этого значения.

Результатов: 26015. Точных совпадений: 14. Затраченное время: 426 мс

Documents

Корпоративные решения

Спряжение

Синонимы

Корректор

Справка и о нас

Индекс слова: 1-300, 301-600, 601-900

Индекс выражения: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Индекс фразы: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

Lesson 6.6 Predicting Sounds from Spelling in English

Looking for connections between spelling and sounds in English

[Taken from this FREE PowerPoint presentation – download it now!]

A note about the phonemic spellings in this text:

I have used Clear Alphabet to spell words phonemically (as sounds) in this text. If you are unfamiliar with this phonemic alphabet, you can find out more here and download the FREE Clear Alphabet Dictionary here. (PDF 11 MB)

6.6.1  The Problem: because English is not a phonetic language, spelling and sounds do not usually match. This can lead to many difficulties for students who want to pronounce a word correctly by reading it.

The Solution: however, the spelling of a word can often help us to predict the pronunciation. I have identified 5 Spelling & Sounds Rules that work. In studying the 1000 most common words in English, 75% of them followed these 5 rules. That means there were 25% of words which did not match the rules. We will look at them later. Despite being exceptions, we can still find patterns that help us to accurately predict pronunciation.

6.6.2  The Stressed Vowel Sound: the stressed vowel sound is the most important sound in the word. Usually content words are stressed, while function words are not, so we will focus on content words only in this lesson. We identify a word by its stressed vowel sound. If this sound is pronounced incorrectly, the listener is likely to misunderstand. The speaker may say a completely different word to what they intended. When looking at the spelling of a word to see which rule it follows, we need to focus on the stressed syllable – specifically, the spelling of the vowel sound.

So, we need to find:

• Content words
• The stressed syllable in each one
• The spelling of the vowel sound in each one

About words longer than one syllable:

We focus on the vowel sound in the stressed syllable. If the word has a suffix, the vowel sound in the suffix will generally be one of three short sounds:

uh (schwa)            e.g. person, teacher, student

i                              e.g. meeting, tennis, finish

ii                             e.g. very, happy, ladies

[Find out more about the schwa sound here]

6.6.3  3 Kinds of Vowel Sound Become 2:

There are 3 kinds of vowel sounds in English:

• Short
• Long
• Diphthongs (double sounds)

For the sake of simplicity, I have condensed these groups into 2:

• Short
• Long (including diphthongs, which are long)

6.6.4  Fry 1000 Instant Words:

For this study I have used the Fry 1000 Instant Words, which is a list of the 1000 most common words in written and spoken English today. You can download the list at the links below. Here are some teacher recommendations:

“The Fry word list or ‘instant words’ are widely accepted to contain the most-used words in reading and writing.”

http://www.k12reader.com/subject/sight-words/fry-words/

“The Fry 1000 Instant Words are a list of the most common words used for teaching reading, writing, and spelling. These high frequency words should be recognized instantly by readers. Dr Edward B. Fry’s Instant Words (which are often referred to as the ‘Fry Words’) are the most common words used in English ranked in order of frequency.

“In 1996, Dr Fry expanded on Dolch’s sight word lists and research and published a book titled Fry 1000 Instant Words. In his research, Dr Fry found the following results:

• 25 words make up approximately 1/3 of all items published
• 100 words comprise approximately 1/2 of all of the words found in publications
• 300 words make up approximately 65% of all written material

“Over half of every newspaper article, textbook, children’s story, and novel is composed of these 300 words. It is difficult to write a sentence without using several of the first 300 words in the Fry 1000 Instant Words List. Consequently, students need to be able to read the first 300 Instant Words without a moment’s hesitation.”

http://www.uniqueteachingresources.com/Fry-1000-Instant-Words.html

6.6.5  My 5 Spelling & Sounds Rules:

1. If there is one vowel letter in the vowel sound spelling, the vowel sound will be short
2. If there are two vowel letters together (a digraph) in the vowel sound spelling, the vowel sound will be long
3. If there is the letter “r” in the vowel sound spelling, the vowel sound will be long
4. If there is vowel + consonant + vowel in the vowel sound spelling, the first vowel letter will be pronounced like its alphabet name
5. Sometimes we find other consonant letters (w, y, g, h) in the vowel sound spelling, which are not pronounced

Fry 1000 Instant Words and My 5 Rules:

57 of the 1000 words were not included in this study because they were function words, which are not usually stressed, for example: the, of, and, a, to, etc.

Of the remaining 943 content words:

706 (75%) matched one of the 5 rules

237 (25%) were exceptions – they did not match the rules

706 Fry Words (Content Words) and My 5 Rules:

Of the remaining 943 content words:

706 (75%)  matched one of the 5 rules:

Rule:	No. Matching:	% Matching:
Short	284	40%
Long (with digraph)	123	17%
V + C + V	118	17%
Long (with “r”)	104	15%
Other Consonant Letters	77	11%
TOTAL:	706	100%

Apart from rule 1, the rules are fairly evenly represented:

Let’s look at each rule in more detail:

6.6.6  Rule 1:

If there is one vowel letter in the vowel sound spelling, the vowel sound will be short.

284 words from the Fry 1000 Instant Words match this rule, making it the most followed rule.

There are five possible sounds in this group.

• If the vowel letter is “a”, the vowel sound will be   a
• If the vowel letter is “e”, the vowel sound will be   e
• If the vowel letter is “i”, the vowel sound will be   i
• If the vowel letter is “o”, the vowel sound will be   o
• If the vowel letter is “u”, the vowel sound will be   u

If the word has one syllable, it is normally phonetic – spelling and sounds match, e.g. big, sad, fed, etc. In words of more than one syllable, the vowel letter will be pronounced as a short vowel sound if there are two or more consonant letters following, e.g. “better”. If vowel-consonant-vowel, rule 4 will apply (see below).

Of these 284 words:

“e” =      e      28%

“i” =      i      28%

“a” =      a      18%

“o” =      o      17%

“u” =      u      9%

Note: the example words below are taken from the Fry 1000 Instant Words . Can you think of any more examples that match each rule?

If the letter is “a” the sound will be  a, for example:

act	hand
apple	happy
bad	pattern
catch	perhaps
flat	practice

If the letter is “e” the sound will be  e, for example:

bed	fresh
better	get
centre	method
effect	remember
electric	together

If the letter is “i” the sound will be  i, for example:

begin	interest
dictionary	little
didn’t	middle
difficul	picture
fingers	window

If the letter is “o” the sound will be  o, for example:

copy	long
doctor	office
dollars	possible
follow	shop
got	top

If the letter is “u” the sound will be  u, for example:

current	study
hundred	subject
jumped	suddenly
just	summer
result	truck

6.6.7  Rule 2:

If there are two vowel letters together (a digraph) in the vowel sound spelling, the vowel sound will be long.

123 words from the Fry 1000 Instant Words match this rule. Two vowel letters together in the spelling is called a digraph. Students should learn which digraphs represent which vowel sounds. Some are easy because they occur very often, for example, “ea” and “ee” both usually represent the long vowel sound: ee.

Note common exception: “ea” can sound like the short  e, for example in: head, read, lead, etc.

The largest matching spelling and sound groups are as follows. Interestingly, just 5 digraphs represent 83 out of the 123 words (67%):

“ea” =  ee       “ee” =  ee       “ou” =  au       “oo” =  oo       “ai” =  ei

The conclusion would be to learn these 5 digraphs and the sounds they represent, as well as other digraph and sound combinations.

Common Digraph #1: “ea” =  ee, for example:

clean	please
each	reached
eat	sea
leave	speak
meat	team

Common Digraph #2: “ee” =  ee, for example:

agreed	need
feeling	see
free	sleep
green	street
keep	week

Common Digraph #3: “ou” =  au, for example:

found	noun
ground	out
house	round
loud	thousands
mountains	without

Common Digraph #4: “oo” =  oo, for example:

choose	root
cool	school
food	soon
moon	too
room	tools

Common Digraph #5: “ai” =  ei, for example:

afraid	rain
explain	raised
main	remain
paint	train
plains	wait

Other matching digraphs and sounds:

“ie” =	ee	believe, chief, piece
“ea” =	ei	break, great
“oi” =	oy	joined, oil, point, soil, voice
“oa” =	eu	boat, coast, road

As you continue to study this topic, you will be able to notice other common patterns with digraphs and sounds outside of the Fry 1000 Instant Words.

6.6.8  Rule 3:

If there is the letter “r” in the vowel sound spelling, the vowel sound will be long.

104 words from the Fry 1000 Instant Words match this rule.

Only certain long vowel sounds in English can be spelt with “r” spelling. We should learn which spelling patterns represent each vowel sound. In the Fry 1000 Instant Words, 3 long vowel sounds and 5 diphthongs are represented by various spelling patterns with “r”:

3 long vowel sounds:

ar            are; car, farmer, garden, hard, start; heart

er            first, girl; work, world; earth, heard; were; surface; certain, person

or           more, store; horse, order; course, four; door; toward, warm; board

5 diphthongs:

aiy          entire, fire

auw        our, hours; flowers, power

eir           bear, wear; there, where; hair, pair; carefully, compare

iy            ears, years; here

uuw        you’re

Can you think of any more examples that match these patterns?

6.6.9  Rule 4:

If there is vowel + consonant + vowel in the vowel sound spelling, the first vowel letter will be pronounced like its alphabet name. 118 words from the Fry 1000 Instant Words match this rule.

There are five possible sounds in this rule:

• The letter “a” will be pronounced  ei   like it is in the alphabet, for example:

became	name
face	nation
famous	plane
information	radio
late	waves

• The letter “e” will be pronounced  ee   like it is in the alphabet, for example:

complete	evening
equals	Japanese
even	region

• The letter “i” will be pronounced  ai  like it is in the alphabet, for example:

arrived	provide
beside	quite
decided	silent
exciting	smiled
finally	write

• The letter “o” will be pronounced  eu   like it is in the alphabet, for example:

bones	ocean
close	open
hole	total
moment	whole
note	wrote

• If the first vowel letter is “u”, it will be pronounced  oo, for example:

include     produce       rule       solution

or  yoo  like it is in the alphabet, for example:

huge	students
human	tube
mule	unit
music	use
numeral	usually

Note: the example words above are taken from the Fry 1000 Instant Words . Can you think of any more examples that match each rule?

6.6.10  Rule 5:

Sometimes we find other consonant letters (w, y, g, h) in the vowel sound spelling, which are not pronounced. 77 words from the Fry 1000 Instant Words match this rule, making it the least followed rule. It can be a surprise that these consonant letters are part of the vowel sound, and therefore not pronounced in their normal way, but we have to accept it and learn which spelling patterns represent which vowel sound.

(Note: there can be other consonant letters in a spelling which are not pronounced, e.g. “b” in “lamb”, “l” in “could”, or “s” in “aisle”, but they are not included here because they are not part of the vowel sound spelling. They are just oddities – pure silent letters.)

Note: the example words below are taken from the Fry 1000 Instant Words . Can you think of any more examples that match each rule?

The largest matching spelling and sound groups were:

“ow” =	eu	grow, blow, flow, know, show, snow
“ow” =	au	brown, allow, cows, down, town, now
“ay” =	ei	day, away, maybe, say, stay, today
“igh” =	ai	right, night, might, high, light, bright
final “y” =	ai	dry, sky, try, fly, why, supply
“y” =	i	system, rhythm, symbol, syllable

Other matching spelling patterns/sounds were:

Sound:	Spelling Patterns:	Examples:
eu	ough oh	although oh
or	aw ough augh	draw ought caught
oy	oy	enjoy
ei	eigh aigh	eight straight
oo	ew ough iew	too through view
ai	ig uy eye	sign buy eye
ee	ey	key

6.6.11  Exceptions:

237 out of 943 Content Words = 25% Exceptions:

As stated earlier, there are 237 words in the Fry 1000 Instant Words which do not fit in any of these categories. That is 25%.

But even if 25% of the most common words in English are exceptions, there are still 75% of words that follow the rules.

A 75% chance of pronouncing a word correctly from its spelling is still well worth having!

Not to mention the fact that there are many repeating patterns within this group of exceptions that students can learn, as we will find out below.

When students come across vocabulary words that do not follow these 5 rules, they should note them down and learn them. They could start by learning the most common, i.e. the exceptions from the Fry 1000 Instant Words:

Direct download: https://purlandtraining.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/237-exceptions-to-the-five-rules.pdf

237 words in the Fry 1000 Instant Words which do not fit in any of these categories

6.6.12  Repeating Patterns in the Group of Exceptions:

For each group below, can you find any more examples in the list of exceptions?

Examples of spelling patterns that break Rule 1:

It’s a long sound but it should be short, according to the spelling and our spelling rules:

Sound	No. Words:	Spelling Pattern	Example:
ar	21	a	last
eu	8	o	go
ei	4	a	table
ee	3	e	be
ai	2	i	island
oo	2	o	who

Examples of spelling patterns that break Rule 2:

It’s a short sound but it should be long, according to the spelling and our spelling rules:

Sound	No. Words:	Spelling Pattern	Example:
e	11	ea	head
uu	8	oo	look
u	4	ou	touch
e	3	ai	against
i	3	ui	build
e	1	ie	friends
u	1	oe	does
u	1	oo	blood
e	1	ue	guess

Examples of spelling patterns that break Rule 4:

The vowel sound is short when it should say its alphabet name,  according to the spelling and our spelling rules (24 words), for example:

Exception:	Sounds:
have	a  not  ei
machine	ee  not  ai
river	i  not  ai
gone	o  not  eu
move	oo  not  eu
done	u  not  eu

Other words which break rule 4. They have a short vowel sound, but the spelling is vcv:

• with “a”: animal, capital, family, paragraph, planets, travel
• with “e”: everything (and all words with every-), general, present, seven, special
• with “i”: British, finished, minutes, position (and all words with -ition), visit
• with “o”: column, forest, modern, probably, products
• with “u”: no examples of this in Fry 1000 Instant Words

Vowel sounds which we do not expect from looking at the spelling:

Sound	No. Words:	Spelling Pattern	Example:	Breaks Rule:
uu	5	u	put	1
i	3	e	English	1
or	3	a	water	4
iy	3	e	period	4
eir	2	a	area	4
uuw	1	u	plural	4
uuw	1	eu	Europe	2
i	1	u	business	4
aiy	1	ie	quiet	2

Note: in some accents in the UK the exception is the norm, e.g. ar in class would be short a in many parts of northern England and in Scotland. For these speakers it is not incorrect, although it is different from Standard Pronunciation.

6.6.13  Conclusion:

1. Remember that spelling can help you predict the correct vowel sound in a word – even up to 75% of the time.
2. Learn the five rules and practise recognising words that follow them, e.g. take a page of text and look for words that match each rule – plus exceptions.
3. Learn spelling patterns and what sounds they make – starting with the most common, e.g. “ee” and “ea” usually represent the long vowel sound ee, while “ar” usually makes the long vowel sound ar in car, star, bar, etc.
4. Learn the list of 237 words which are exceptions. Learn to spell them and how to pronounce each one. Focus on the patterns within this group, e.g. “-all” is usually pronounced orl, and “oo” is sometimes pronounced as the short vowel sound uu, for example in very common words like “book”, “look”, and “good”.
5. Don’t give up! You are doing fine! If you think you cannot master spelling and sounds in English, remember the 5 rules and how 75% of the most common words in English follow them. That should be encouraging!

6.6.14  Appendix 1: A Sample Lesson Outline for Teaching the 5 Rules:

Before you begin: make sure SS understand the 48 sounds of English with Clear Alphabet. This is a different lesson, but it is vital for learning the 5 rules.

1. SS discuss (in pairs or small groups) the problem of trying to predict the sound of English words from their spellings. SS find examples of difficult words, e.g. “quiet”. Consider that some words are phonetic, e.g. “big”, but that these are not the norm.
2. Try to elicit the 5 rules from SS using examples; if not tell SS the rules and discuss each one with examples.
3. SS put some words from the Fry 1000 Instant Words into the 6 groups (including exceptions). This could be done with cards on a table or on the board.
4. Give some examples of made-up words that match each of the 5 rules, e.g. “giffle” matches rule 1 (see below). Ask SS to pronounce them , according to the rules. They should be easy to pronounce from sight, even though the meaning is unknown. SS work in pairs or groups to think up more made-up words in each group. SS should think about how suffixes are not usually stressed. T monitors, checks and corrects. This activity helps T to make sure that SS understand each rule correctly. For fun – SS could think up definitions for each new word, e.g. a “giffle” could be a noun, a kind of fast long-legged animal.
5. Give out a short text – or SS find one randomly. SS have to underline all the content words, then match these words into the 6 groups, including exceptions (see next slides). Or this could be given for homework. Assure SS that any English text will do. This is not a trick! The 5 rules can be clearly seen in any English text.
6. Finish with a short test on the board or on paper.
7. Follow up with a test at the beginning of the next lesson.
8. Refer back to the 5 rules often. Whenever you present new vocabulary, ask your SS which rule some (or all) of the words follow – or are they exceptions? If they are exceptions, do they fit into any of the noted categories, e.g. “-all” words, and so on? Or when SS are reading aloud and they mispronounce a word, look at the spelling – do the spelling rules help? Is it an exception?

6.6.15  Appendix 2: Content Words in a Random Text that Follow the 5 Rules (74%)

KEY: words that follow the 5 rules (red); words that are exceptions (black); function words (grey)

Analysis of Exceptions in the Random Text:

In line with the Fry Words, above, 74% of content words follow the rules, while 26% of content words are exceptions:

Words that break Rule 1:	Words that break Rule 2	Words that break Rule 4:
was (repeated 7 times) wanted full (repeated 2 times) once be so go small mother father clothes	foot looked being couldn’t breakfast	parents (repeated 3 times) special several visiting never one come

6.6.16  Appendix 3: Examples of made-up words that match each rule:

Made-Up Words that Match Rule 1: 1 vowel letter = short vowel sound:

giffle shruv fam sog dresh

lattern brob hildred kedd tunny

Made-Up Words that Match Rule 2: vowel digraph = long vowel sound:

floo plean aseek sounted waig

kained groating bround greef soiked

Made-Up Words that Match Rule 3: “r” in the vowel spelling = long vowel sound:

chowers bertin horgle abire larb

florping bou’re shear sair jeargule

Made-Up Words that Match Rule 4: v + c + v = the first vowel says its alphabet name:

dete klape strene paded tiver

proclide sone bobent chule briging

Made-Up Words that Match Rule 5: other consonant letters – w, y, g, h – are included in the vowel sound spelling:

yown plowness chay flayly jight

tly bight hymtion prough kleight

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