To learn root word

Title_ How to Study Efficiently for Hours On End (With the Help of a Tomato)-Jan-21-2021-05-13-39-91-PMRetaining new English vocabulary is challenging, whether you’re learning English for the first time or studying for standardized tests like the SAT or GRE. The challenge arises, in part, from the sheer volume of words in English. English’s massive lexicon comes from words in several other languages, and learning some of these words—more often fragments of words—can give you a learning advantage.

We often call these fragments roots, because other words grow from them like plants. Greek and Latin roots are most useful to learn; since I study the latter language, I’ll be focusing on Latin roots in this post. 

The root of a word won’t give you the word’s exact definition, but rather clues to its meaning. These clues can help you retain exact definitions by triggering your memory when you see the part of the word that comes from the root.

Here’s a classic example: the root mal- comes from the Latin word for bad. If you speak Romance languages, like Spanish or French, you’ll probably recognize this root. You’ll also have an advantage in learning English vocabulary because Romance languages developed from Latin. (Can you figure out the root of Romance by thinking about the people who first spoke Latin?)

You can see the root mal- in English words like 

  • malice (desire to cause pain)
  • malign (as an adjective: evil; as a verb: to speak badly of someone)
  • malefactor (evildoer)
  • malevolent (having ill-will or producing evil)

You can also see the root as a prefix in the word maladjusted (poorly adjusted). You can even see it in made-up names like Maleficent from Sleeping Beauty. 

Knowing the root word mal- helps your learning in at least four ways.

  1. If you study a particular word like malice, the root can trigger your memory when you see the word again. You’ll think: the definition has something to do with badness.
  2. If you encounter an unfamiliar word that contains mal, you can make an educated guess as to its definition.
  3. You can remember a cluster of related words like the ones above. This accelerates your vocabulary acquisition.
  4. You can start to grasp how English words are put together, which is cool!

A lot of English teachers will do what I just did: they’ll introduce a root—or several—with relevant English words. This method is useful, but it restricts your vocabulary to what fits in a list of previously assembled roots. I’ll show you how you can use roots for the vocabulary you need to learn. 

Instead of tailoring your vocabulary to a list of roots, you can tailor your roots to a list of vocabulary. The secret to this method is etymology, the study of where words come from (and how their meanings have changed). We say that we’ve found a word’s etymology when we can trace its development backwards through time, to a probable origin. When English words have Latin roots, you can usually trace them back through French, and then to Latin.

A word’s origin is usually listed as a full word in another language, not necessarily the most basic root. We can usually figure out the root by looking at the origin word—but hey, I’m getting ahead of myself. Let’s start at the beginning.

Step One: Choose and define your word.

Choose a word you want to study. If you are looking for a word’s root, you can start by finding its etymology. Look up the word in an etymology dictionary: I recommend the Online Etymology Dictionary.

If you make a successful search, you’ll get the word’s dictionary entry. This will usually start with the word’s current (and sometimes historical) definitions. Then you’ll see a word like “from,” which signals the journey back to the word’s origins. 

Let’s say we want to define and remember the adjective primeval. When we look it up in our etymology dictionary, we first get the definition: “of or belonging to the first age.” So, something primeval is ancient, from the world’s earliest times.

Let’s note down what we’ve found in a table.

Word

Definition

Primeval

From the world’s earliest times

Step Two: Find an origin for the word.

In the entry, we keep reading through some stuff about the 1650s and then we see the word “from»! As you read the part of the entry after “from,” imagine that you’re going further back in time, possibly through a few other languages. Here, we’re focusing on words with Latin roots. You should stop at the last Latin word because that’s usually the origin closest to a root we’re looking for. As I said before, the origin is usually a full word, not a basic root. 

Before you move on, check to see how the meaning of the origin word relates to the word you’re studying. Remember, this relationship is the motivation for learning words this way! 

Here’s where we are so far:

Word

Definition

Primeval

From the world’s earliest ages

We’ve just gotten to “from” in the word’s entry, and we now see “from primus “first” + aevum “an age.”” So, we have two origin words in Latin. I’m going to underline and focus on primus because I can already think of related words (like primary). If you’re doing this process for another word and also find two origins, you can try doing the next steps with both origins and see what happens.

Word

Definition

Origin 

Primeval

From the world’s earliest ages

Primus: first

(Aevum: an age)

Step Three: Find a root. 

To find the root, it’s useful to have a list of roots, or a root guide. You can try putting “list of Greek and Latin roots” into a search engine to find your own, but here is one I like to use. 

Since the root is usually at the beginning of the origin, you can look for a root to match your origin by scrolling alphabetically, or you can use ctrl-F and start slowly typing the origin word. It might take you a few tries to find a root matching your origin word, and you might even need to type “root for primus” into your search engine. 

Here’s where we are so far:

Word

Definition

Origin 

Primeval

From the world’s earliest ages

Primus: first

(Aevum: an age)

If we go to the row of roots that start with “P” in the root word guide, we’ll find an entry for “prim-” meaning first. So now we understand that the “prim” in primus signifies meaning, and the “us” signifies something else (a masculine nominative ending, for those of you studying Latin). 

Word

Definition

Origin 

Root

Primeval

From the world’s earliest ages

Primus: first

(Aevum: an age)

Prim- : first

Step Four: Find related words.

Now for the fun part! Once you’ve found a root, see if there are other English words that come from the root. They might be words you already know or words you want to define to supplement your vocabulary. 

By looking at the entry for “prim-” we can see the additional words primary and primitive. I can also think of primordial. 

Word

Definition

Origin 

Root

Related Words

Primeval

From the world’s earliest ages

Primus: first

(Aevum: an age)

Prim- : first

Primary (of chief importance; earliest in time or order)

Primitive (relating to an early stage in development)

Using this method, you can define new words for yourself, find their roots, and connect them to other, related words. I recommend keeping a section in the back of your notebook for a table like the one I’ve modeled above.

I wrote out the method in a lot of detail, so it seems like a long process. Once you start practicing, though, the process shouldn’t take very long. You can do it as you learn new vocabulary and reap the benefits of knowing roots!

Practice:

I’ve tested each word on the following list using the method above and the resources (etymology dictionary and root guide) I’ve recommended. You should be able to find definitions, origin words, roots, and related words for the following:

  1. Circumscribe
  2. Commemorate
  3. Corpulent
  4. Credulous
  5. Culpable
  6. Derisive
  7. Ignominy
  8. Insular
  9. Marinate
  10. Tangible
  11. Tenable
  12. Terrestrial

Источник

Today I am going to teach you Root Words methods to learn new English words. There are about 1000 words in my vocabulary list, download it. This PDF will help you to learn new words through Root Words method.

Let’s start with Word Root method:

In this, we start with the root word and then add root word to forming different meaning. 

Root words

1. Thei

Thei   meaning god/religion

Ist         meaning follower

Now adding different words

  • Theist meaning the one who believes in god
  • Atheist meaning the one who don’t believe in god.
  • Monotheist    mono+theist  mono(only one) so monotheist means the one who believes in one god.
  • Polytheist Ploy means many so polytheists means the one who believe in many gods.
  • Pantheist Pan mean all over so pantheist is one who believe in all gods across al religion.

2. Logy

Logy means study of something

  • Theology — Teho means god or religion so theology means study of religion
  • Anthropology — Anthrop means human being so anthropology means study of human being.
  • Morphology — Morph means structure so morphology means study of structures.
  • Anthropomorphism — Its antrop+morph+ism meaning is giving human structure to god.
  • Zoomorphism — Its zo+morph+ism meaning giving animal structure to god.
  • Amorpic — It’s a+morph means no particular structure.

3. Phobia

Phobia means fear or dislike

  • Zoophobia — zoo+phobia means fear of animal
  • Androphobia — Andro means boys/male so androphobia means the one who don’t like boys.
  • Gynophobia — Gyno means girl / women so gynophobia means the one who don’t like girls
  • Pedophobia — Pedo means child so pedophobia is the one who don’t like children’s.
  • Demophobia — demo means people so demophobia means the one who fear of public speaking.
  • Anthropophobia — anthro means human being so anthropophobia mean fear of human being or the one who don’t like the company of human being or in simple word aloof (living alone)
  • Theophobia — theo+phobia means fear of religion

4. Cracy

Cracy means govt /system

  • Democracy — demo+cracy means govt of people
  • Autocracy — auto+cracy means dictatorship/kingship (when one person rules the whole government or system)
  • Theocracy — Theo+cracy means when government is of religious people like priest, bishops etc.
  • Plutocracy — Pluto means wealthy so plutocracy means when government is controlled by wealthy people like industrialist.
  • Oligocracy — Oligo means selected few so oligocracy means when selected few runs the government.
  • Mobocracy — Mob means crowd so mobocracy means when crowd takes over government or in other words lawlessness.
  • Monarchy — monarc means top official like king so monarchy is the rule of king.
  • Anarchy — means lawlessness it’s just similar to mobocracy .
  • Gerontocracy — geron mean aged/ experienced so gerontocracy means when position are determined by the experience or the age.
  • Meritocracy — merito means performance so meritocracy means when positon are decided by performance
  • Cleptocracy — clepto means thief so cleptocracy means when government is run by thieves.
  • Beaurocracy — beauro means top officials so beaurocracy means when government is run by top officials.
  • Aristocracy — aristo means nobility so aristocracy means when government is run by noble families.

5. Somnia

Somnia sleepness

Insomnia means lack of sleep

  • Somniferous — ferrous means things causing something so somniferous are the things that cause sleep like pills etc.
  • Somnambulist — som+amb+ist here som means sleep ambu means walk so somnambulist means the one who walk while sleeping.
  • Ambulant — means things able to walk
  • Somniloquist — loquist means talking so somniloquist means the one who talks while sleeping.

6. Cious

Cious means to do something

  • Loquacious — loquis means talking so lozuacious means the one who talks a lot
  • Voracious — vora means eat so voracious means the one who eats a lot.
  • Avaricious — avari means greed so avaricious means greedy
  • Pugnacious — pug means fight so pugnacious means the one who fights a lot.

7. Cide

Cide meaning kill/ murder

  • Infanticide — infant+cide meaning to kill child. 
  • uxoricide — uxor means wife so uxoricide mean A husband who murders his wife. 
  • Mariticide — marit means husband so maritcide mean The murder of a husband by his wife. 
  • Patricide — patri means father so patricide means A person who murders their father.
  • Matricide — matri mean mother so matricide means A person who murders their mother. 
  • Fratricide — frat means brother so fratricide means A person who murders their brother.

10. Ambul

Walk,move

  • Amble- to walk in a slow, relaxed way
  • Ambulant- walking or moving
  • Ambulance- a vehicle that moves a patient

11. Anim

Life, spirit

  • Animal- a living organism;
  • Animate- to make alive;
  • Equanimity- of balanced spirit

12. Anti

Against, opposite of

  • Antibody- a substance that destroys micro-organisms
  • Antiseptic- preventing infection;
  • Antisocial- opposing social norm

13. Arbour

Tree

  • Arborist- someone working with trees
  • Arbour- a shady area formed by trees
  • Arborous- having many trees

14. Auto

Self, same, one

  • Autocrat- a person who governs with absolute power
  • Autograph- a person’s own signature
  • Automatic- moving by itself

15. Bene

Good, well

  • Benefactor- person who gives money to a cause
  • Beneficial- producing a good effect
  • Benevolent- showing kindness or goodwill

16. Cata

Down, against completely intensive according to

  • Cataclysm- a flood or other disaster
  • Catalogue- a complete listing
  • Catastrophe- turning for the worst, a substantial disaster

17. Cert

sure

  • Ascertain- to find out something with certainty;
  • Certain- being absolutely sure
  • Certify to state that something is true

18. Circum

Around, about

  • Circumnavigate- to sail around
  • Circumscribe— to draw around
  • Circumspect- looking around
  • Circumvent- to go around or bypass restrictions;

19. Clar

clear

  • Clarification— an explanation
  • Clarify- to make something clear
  • wish, will to state something clearly

20. Cline

lean

  • Inclination- a leaning toward
  • Incline- a surface that slopes or leans
  • Recline- to lean back and relax

21. Counter

Opposite, contrary, opposing

  • Counteract- to oppose the effects of an action
  • Countermand— to cancel a previous order
  • Counteroffensive- attack against an attack

22. Cranio

skull

  • Craniology- the study of skull characteristics;
  • Cranium- skull of vertebrates
  • Cranial- pertaining to the skull

23. Cred

believe

  • Credence- belief that something is true or valid;
  • Credulous- believing things too easily, gullible
  •  Incredible- unbelievable

24. Crypto

Hidden, secret

  • Cryptic- of hidden meaning
  • Cryptography- science of secret fcodes
  • Encrypt- encode into secret code

25. Cumul

Mass, heap

  • Accumulate- to gather or pile up
  • Cumulative- gradually building up

26. Cycl

Circle, ring

  • Bicycle- a vehicle with two wheels
  • Cycle- a sequence that is repeated
  • Cyclone- a storm with circling winds

27. Dia

Through, between, apart, across

  • Diabetes- disease characterized by excessive thirst and discharge of urine
  • Diagnosis— understanding a condition by going through a detailed review of symptoms
  • Dialog- conversation between two people

28. Dict

speak

  • Contradict- to express the opposite of
  • Prediction- a statement foretelling the future
  • Dictate- to speak out loud for another person to write down.

29. Domin

master

  • Dominate- to be the master of
  • Domineering- excessively controlling
  • Predominate- to have more power than others

30. Ethno

Race, people

  • Ethnic- pertaining to a defined group od people
  • Ethnocentric- focusing on the ethnicity of people
  • Ethnology- the science of people and races.

31. Funct

Perform, work

  • Defunct- no longer working or alive
  • Function- to work or perform a role normally
  • Malfunction- to fail to work correctly.

32. Hetero

Different, other

  • Heterogeneous- made up of unrelated parts
  • Heteronyms- words with same spelling but different meanings
  • Heterodox- not conforming to traditional beliefs

33. Histo

tissue

  • Histology- study of the microscopic structure of tissues
  • Histochemistry- study of the chemical constitution of cells and tissues.

34. Hyper

Too much, over, excessive, beyond

  • Hyperactive- very restless
  • Hypercritical— too critical
  • Hypertension— above normal pressure.

35. Infra

Beneath, below

  • Infrastructure- underlying framework of a system
  • Infrared- below the regular light spectrum

36. Inter

Between, among, jointly

  • International- involving two or more countries
  • Intersection- place where roads come together
  • Intercept- to stop or interrupt the course of.

37. Junct

join

  • Conjunction- a word that joins parts of sentences
  • Disjunction- a disconnection
  • Junction- a place where two things join.

38. Juven

young

  • Juvenile- youthful or childish
  • Rejuvenate— to bring back to youthful strength or appearance.

39. Kilo

thousand

  • Kilobyte- 1,000 bytes
  • Kilometer— 1,000 meter
  • Kilograms- 1,000 grams.

40. Lab

work

  • Collaborate- to work with a person
  • Elaborate- to work out the details
  • Laborious- requiring a lot of hard work.

41. Later

side

  • Bilateral— of or involving two sides
  • Unilateral- affecting one side of something.

42. Lex

Word, law, reading

  • Lexicology- the study and history of words
  • Alexia- los of the ability to read
  • Illegal- not authorized by the official rules or laws

43. Liber

free

  • Liberate- to set free;
  • Libertine- a person with a free, wild lifestyle
  • Liberty- freedom.

44. Lingu

Language, tongue

  • Linguist- one who studies languages
  • Multiligual- able to communicate in multiple languages
  • Linguine- long flat “tongue- shapes” pasta.

45. Loc

place

  • Dislocate- to put something out of its usual place
  • Location- a place
  • Relocate- to move to a new place.

46. Luc

light

  • Elucidate- to explain, to throw light on
  • Lucid- easily understood , giving off light
  • Translucent- allowing light through

47. Lum

light

  • Illuminate- to fill with light
  • Lumen- unit measuring light

48. Macro

Large, great

  • Macroevolution- large scale evolution
  • Macromolecule- a large molecule
  • Macroeconomics- study of the overall forces  of economy

49. Mand

To order

  • Command- an order or instruction
  • Demand- a hard-to-ignore orer
  • Mandate- an official order

50. Mania

Madness, insanity, excessive desire

  • Bibliomania- a crazy love of books
  • Egomania- a mad love of oneself
  • Maniac- an insane person

51. Max

greatest

  • Maximal- the best or greatest possible
  • Maximize— to make as great as possible
  • Maximum— the greatest amount.

52. Medi

middle

  • Medieval- pertaining to the Middle Ages
  • Medium- in the middle
  • Mediocre- only of medium (inferior) quality

53. Mega

Great, large, million

  • Megalopolis- an area with many nearby cities
  • Megaphone- a device that projects a loud voice
  • Mega structure- huge building or other structure

54. Meso

middle

  • Mesoamerica- Middle America
  • Meson- elementary particle with a mass between an electron and a proton

55. Meta

Change, after, beyond, between

  • Metaphysics- study of nature and reality
  • Metamorphosis- a complete change of form
  • Metastasis- the transmission of disease to other parts of the body

56. Micro

Very small, short, minute

  • Microbe- a very small living thing
  • Microchip- a tiny wafer with an integrated circuit
  • Microscope- a device to see very small things

57. Mid

middle

  • Midriff- the area between the chest and the waist
  • Midterm- middle of a term in school
  • Midway- halfway between

58. Migr

move

  • Immigrant- a person who moves to a mew country to settle
  • Migrant— person who moves from place to place
  • Migration- the process of moving

59. Milli

One thousandth

  • Millimeter- one thousandth of ammeter
  • Millibar- one thousandth of a bar
  • Millitre- one thousand of a liter

60. Mob

move

  • Immobilize- to stop from moving
  • Mobile- able to move freely
  • Mobility- the equality of being able to move

61. Mort

death

  • Immortal- living forever, unable to die
  • Mortal- certain to die
  • Mortician- an undertaker

62. Multi

Many, more than one or two

  • Multi- coloured- having many colours
  • Multimedia- using a range of media
  • Multi-tasking- doing many things at once

64. Mut

change

  • Immutable- not changing
  • Mutant- an organism that has undergone change
  • Mutate- to undergo a change

65. Narr

tell

  • Narrate- to tell a story
  • Narrative- a story
  • Narrator- a person who tells a story


65. Nat

born

  • Innate- included since birth
  • Natal- relating to birth
  • Natural- gotten a birth, not afterward

66. Nav

ship

  • Circumnavigate- to sail around a place
  • Naval- relating to a navy or warships
  • Navigate- to sail a ship through a place

67.Neg

no

  • Negate- to say it didn’t happen
  • Negative- meaning “no”
  • Renege- to go back on a promise

68. Neo

New, recent

  • Neoclassic- a revival of classic form,
  • Neo-colonialism- the indirect (“new”) economic and political control of a region by a more powerful foreign power
  • Neonatal- a newborn child, especially first few weeks

69. Non

No, not, without

  • Nondescript- with no special characteristics
  • Nonfiction- true, real, not made-up
  • Non- sense- without sense

70. Not

mark

  • Notable- marked as worthy of attention
  • Notarize- to certify a signature on a legal document
  • Annotate- to add remarks

71. Numer

number

  • Enumerate- to name a number of items on a list
  • Numerology- the study of magical uses of numbers
  • Numerous- a large number

72. Omni

all

  • Omnipotent— with all the power
  • Omniscient- knowing all things
  • Omnivorous— eating all types of foods

73. Ortho

straight

  • Orthodontist— a dentist that straightens teeth
  • Orthopaedic- a doctor concerned with the proper alignment of the bones
  • Orthography- the correct way of writing

74. Osteo

bone

  • Osteoarthritis— inflammation caused by degeneration of the joints
  • Osteopathy- therapy that uses among others manipulation of the skeleton to restore health
  • Osteology- the study of bones

75. Out

Goes beyond, surpasses, exceeds

  • Outgoing- being of lively, sharing nature
  • Outdoing- doing better than
  • Outdoor- outside

76. Over

excessive

  • Overconfident- more confident than is appropriate
  • Overstock- more supplies than is desirable
  • Overexcited- more excited than one should be

77. Oxy

sharp

  • Oxymoron- combining two ideas that sharply contradict other
  • Oxidize- corrode a surface


78. Pan

All, any, everyone

  • Panacea- a cure for all diseases or problems
  • Panorama- an all- around view
  • Pantheism- the worship of all gods
  • Pandemic- affecting all

79. Para

Besides, beyond, abnormal, assistant

  • Parasite- an organism that lives on and off another living being
  • Parallel- alongside and always an equal distance apart
  • Paragraph- a portion of a written document that presents a distinct idea

80. Para

Protection from

  • Parachute- protection from failing
  • Parasol- an umbrella used to protect from the sun

81. Path

Feeling, emotion

  • Antipathy— a feeling of great dislike
  • Apathy- a lack of feeling or interest
  • Empathy- ability to understand another’s feelings


82. Pel

Drive, force

  • Compel- to force someone to act
  • Expel- to drive someone out of a place
  • Repel- to force back

 83. Per

Through, throughout

  • Permanent- lasting throughout all time
  • Permeate- to spread throughout
  • Persist— to continue for a long time
  • Perennial- lasting through many years


84. Peri

Around, enclosing

  • Periodontal- pertaining to bone and tissue around a tooth
  • Peripheral- lying outside of the center
  • Perimeter- the outer boundary of an area

85. Phys

Nature, medicine, the body

  • Physical- relating to the body
  • Physician— a doctor
  • Physique- nature and shape of one’s body

86. Poli

city

  • Metropolis- a large city
  • Politics- actions of a government or political party

87. Poly

Many, more than one

  • Polychrome- with many colours        
  • Polyglot- a person fluent in many languages
  • Polygon- shape with 3 or more straight sides


88. Pon

People

  • Popular- appealing to a lot of people
  • Population- all of the people who live in a particular area
  • Populist- a supporter of the rights of people

89. Port

carry

  • Export- to carry goods out of a place to another
  • Portable- able to be carried
  • Porter- a person who carries luggage

90. Pos

Place, put

  • Deposit- to place or drop something
  • Expose- to place out into the open for all to see
  • Position- the place where someone is

91. Post

After, behind

  • Posthumous- after someone’s death
  • Postpone- to get ready in advance
  • Postscript- an addition to an already completed document

92. Pre

  • Earlier, before, in front of
  • Preamble- a part in front of a formal document
  • Prepare- to get ready in advance


93. Pro

Before, in front of, for, forward

  • Prognosis- a prediction of what will happen
  • Prologue- a passage before the main part
  • Prophet- a person who foretells the future

94. Pul

Urge

  • Compulsion- a very strong urge
  • Expulsion- to kick someone out
  • impulsive- having a spontaneous urge to do something

95. Purg

clean

  • Purge – abolition,  abstersion, catharsis, clarification, cleaning, cleanup, coup, crushing, disposal, disposition

96. Put

think

  • Computer-an electronic thinking device
  • Dispute- to disagree with what another person thinks
  • Input- contribution of one’s thinking

97. Quart

fourth

  • Quarter- one fourth
  • Quart- a fourth of a gallon
  • Quartet- a musical composition or group involving 4 voices or instruments

98. Radio

Radiation, ray

  • Radioactive- emitting radiation
  • Radiologist- someone diagnosing or treating via radiation

99. Retro

Backward, back

  • Retroactive- relating to something in the past
  • Retrogress- to go back to an earlier condition
  • Retrospect- the remembering of past events

100. Rupt

Break, burst

  • Bankrupt- unable to pay because you’re “broke”
  • Interrupt- to break into a conversation or event, to disturb;
  • Rupture- a break in something

101. San

health

  • Sane- mentally healthy
  • Sanitary- relating to cleanliness and health
  • Sanitation- maintenance of public health and

102. Scend

Climb, go

  • Ascend- to climb upward
  • Crescendo- a climbing up of the volume of music
  • Descend- to go or climb down

103. Sect

cut

  • Dissect- to cut apart piece by piece
  • Intersection- the place or point where two things cross each other
  • Bisect- to cut into two equal parts

104. Self

Of , for, or by itself

  • Self- discipline- the ability to discipline yourself
  • Self- respect- respect for yourself
  • Selfish- concerned only with your own interest

105. Sex

six

  • Sextet or sextets- a  composition or group of six
  • Sextuple- six fold
  • Sexagenarian- person in his/her sixties

106. Sol

alone

  • Desolate- lonely, dismal, gloomy
  • Solitary- done  alone , by yourself
  • Solo- a performance done by one person alone

107. Sol

sun

  • Solar— involving the sun
  • Parasol- umbrella protecting from the sun
  • Solarium- a room where one is exposed to sun light

108. Son

sound

  • Consonant- a speech sound
  • Sonorous- producing loud, full, rich sounds

109. Soph

wise

  • Philosopher-a wise person
  • Sophisticated- wise about the ways of the world
  • Sophism- a clever but misleading argument

110. Sphere

ball

  • Biosphere- the whole round surface of the earth
  • Hemisphere- half the earth spherically shaped like a ball

111. Spir

breathe

  • Inspire- to stimulate or animate
  • Transpire- to give of vapour with waste product through the skin or a membrane
  • Spirit- invisible life force

112. Sta

stand

  • Stable- standing steady and firm
  • Stagnant- standing still, not moving
  • Stationery— at a standstill , fixed.

113. Stell

star

  • Constellation- a group of stars that forms a pattern
  • Interstellar- between the stars
  • Stellar- relating to stars

114. Struct

build

  • Construct- to build
  • Destruction- the act of destroying something that was built structure something built
  • Infrastructure- underlying framework off a system

115. Sub

Under, lower than, inferior to

  • Submarine- an underwater boat
  • Submerge- to put underwater
  • Substandard- inferior to accepted standards

116. Sum

highest

  • Sum- the combined total of everything
  • Summation- the total, highest amount
  • Summit- the highest point or top

117. Super

Higher in quality or quantity

  • Super bowl- the final annual football game
  • Superior- above average , better in quality
  • Supersonic— faster than the speed of sound

118. techno

Technique, skill

  • Technology- the practical application of knowledge
  • Technocracy – rule of technology
  • Technologically- characterized by technology

119. Tetra

four

  • Tetrapod- having 4 legs
  • Tetrarchy- government by 4 rules
  • Tetrose- a monosaccharide with four carbon atoms

120. Tort

twist

  • Contortion- a twisted shape or position
  • Distort- to alter the shape or condition of
  • Retort- reply in a manner that is supposed to change the effect of something previously said

121. Tox

poison

  • Detoxification- the process of removing poison
  • Toxic- poisonous
  • Toxicology- the study of poisons
  • Intoxicated- influenced by drugs

122. Tract

Pull, drag

  • Attract- to pull objects nearer
  • Distract- to drag attention away from something
  • Tractor— a motor vehicle that plus things

123. Trans

Across, beyond, through

  • Transcontinental- across the continent
  • Transfer— to move from one place to another
  • Transport— to carry something across a space

124. Tri

Three, once in every three, third

  • Triangle- a figure with 3 sides and 3 angles
  • Triathlon- an athletic contest with 3 events
  • Tricycle- a 3- wheel vehicle with pedals

125. Ultra

Beyond, extreme,more than

  • Ultrahigh- extremely high
  • Ultramodern- more modern than anything else
  • Untrasonic- sound waves beyond human hearing

126. Un

Not, opposite of, lacking

  • Unabridged- not shortened
  • Unfair- opposite of fair
  • Unfriendly- lacking friendliness

127. Uni

One, single

  • Unicycle- a vehicle with one wheel
  • Unilateral- decided by only one person or nation
  • Unique- the only one of its kind
  • Unison- as one voice

128. Urb

city

  • Suburb- residential area on the edge of a city
  • Urban- relating to a city
  • Urbanology- the study of city life

129. Vac

empty

  • Evacuate- to empty a dangerous place
  • Vacant- empty, not occupied
  • vacation— a time without work

130. Verb

word

  • Verbalize- to put into words
  • Adverb- a word relating to a verb
  • Proverb- a short saying that expresses a well-known truth

131. Vice

Acting in place of, next in rank

  • Vice- president- the person next in rank to the president

132. Vid

see

  • Evident- clearly seen

Источник
list a/n not, without Greek abyss — without bottom; achromatic — without color; anhydrous — without water list a on Latin afire — on fire; ashore — on the shore; aside — on the side list a, ab/s
 from, away, off Latin abduct — carry away by force; abnormal — away from normal, not normal; absent — away, not present; aversion — the act of turning away from; abbreviate: to shorten. list a/c/d to, toward, near Latin

accelerate — to increase the speed of; accessible — easily entered, approached, or obtained; admittance — allowing into;

list acro top, height, tip, beginning Greek

acrobat — a «high walker»; acronym — a word formed from the first (capital) letters of a word; acrophobia — fear of height

list act do Latin activity — something that a person does; react — to do something in response; interaction — communication between two or more things list aer/o air Greek aerate — to let air reach something; aerial — relating to the air; aerospace — the air space list agr/i/o farming Latin
Greek agriculture — management of the land, agribusiness — making money by utilizing land; agrarian — relating to the management of land list alg/o pain Latin neuralgia — pain caused by a nerve; analgesic — a drug that makes one pain free; nostalgia — aching for the familiar list ambi, amphi both, on both sides, around Latin ambidextrous — able to use both hands equally; ambiguous — having more than one meaning; ambivalence — conflicting or opposite feelings toward a person or thing list ambul walk, move Latin amble — to walk in a slow, relaxed way; ambulant — walking or moving around; ambulance — a vehicle that moves a patient list ami/o love Latin amiable — friendly, pleasant, lovable; amity — friendly and peaceful relations; amorous — showing romantic love list ana up, back, against,
again, throughout Greek analysis — a close examination of something; anatomy — the structure of something as visible when cut up for analysis; anachronism — not being in the right place in time list andr/o man, male Greek androgynous — being both male and female; android — resembling a human; misandry — hatred towards men list anim life, spirit Latin animal — a living organism; animate — to make alive; equanimity — of balanced spirit list ann/enn year Latin anniversary — a date observed once a year; annual — happening once a year; millennium — 1,000 years list ante before, in front Latin antecede — to come before something in time; antemeridian — before noon; anteroom- a small room before the main room list anth/o flower Greek chrysanthemum and amaranth — names of flowers; anthology — a collection of treasured writings; anthozoan — half plant, half animal, like anemones and corals. list anthrop/o human Greek anthropology — the study of mankind; anthropomorphism — giving human form to non-human things; philanthropy — the love to mankind (expressed through good deeds) list anti against, opposite of Greek antibody — a substance that destroys micro-organisms; antiseptic — preventing infection; antisocial — opposing social norm list apo, apho away, off, separate Greek aphorism — a short expression of a general truth; apology — an explicit expression of regret, apostrophe — a small dash used in place of an omitted letter list aqu/a water Latin aquarium — a water container for fish; aquatic- relating to water; aqueduct — a pipeline for water list arbor tree Latin arborist — someone working with trees; arbor — a shady area formed by trees; arborous — having many trees list arch/i
 chief, most important, rule Greek archbishop — the highest ranking bishop; archenemy — chief or worst enemy; matriarch — a female who rules a group; monarch — a king or queen list arch/a/i primitive, ancient Greek archaeology — the study of ancient cultures; archaic — belonging to an earlier period; archive — a collection of historical materials list arthr/o joint Latin
Greek arthroscope — a tool to see inside a joint; arthritis — inflammation of a joint; arthropod — invertebrates with jointed legs, like spiders, crustaceans, insects list art skill Latin artifact — object made by a person’s skill; artisan — a person skilled in a craft; artist — a person who creates skillfully list astro,
aster star, stars, outer space Greek astronaut — a person traveling to the stars; astronomer — someone who studies the stars; asterisk — a star-shaped sign used as a reference tool list aud/i/io hear Latin audible — loud enough to be heard; audience — people who listen to a program; audiovisual — relating to sound and vision list auto self, same, one Greek autocrat — a person who governs with absolute power; autograph — a person’s own signature; automatic — moving by itself list avi/a bird Latin aviary — a large enclosure for birds; aviatrix — a female airplane pilot; aviation — the art of designing or operating aircraft list bar/o pressure, weight Greek baric — pertaining to pressure, esp. of the atmosphere; milliard — metric unit, equal to 1/1000th of a bar; baryon — heavy elementary particle list bell/i war Latin bellicose — warlike; belligerent — hostile, ready to fight; rebel — person who opposes and fights list bene good, well Latin benefactor — person who gives money to a cause; beneficial — producing a good effect; benevolent — showing kindness or goodwill list bi/n two, twice, once in every two Latin biannual — happening twice a year; binoculars — optical device with two lenses; bilateral — of or involving two sides list bibli/o book Greek bibliography — a list of books used as sources; bibliomania — an extreme love of books; bibliophile — a person who loves books list bio life, living matter Greek biography- a life story written by another person; biology — the science of life; biosphere — Earth’s surface inhabited by living things list blast/o cell, primitive, immature cell Greek blastula — an early stage of embryonic development; fibroblast — a cell that forms connective tissue; blastoderm — the layer surrounding the inside of an egg list burs pouch, purse Latin bursar- an administrative officer in charge of funds; bursary- the treasury of a college or monastery; disburse- to expend especially from a public fund list calc stone Latin calcite; calcium- the flame of acetylene gas generated by reaction of calcium carbide with water; calcification- impregnation with calcareous matter list cand glowing, iridescent Latin candid- free from bias, prejudice, or malice; candle- something that gives light; incandescent- white, glowing, or luminous with intense heat list capt, cept, ceive take, hold Latin intercept — to stop or interrupt;

perceive — to take notice of something; captivating — taking hold of

list cardi/o heart Greek cardiac — relating to the heart; cardiogenic — resulting from heart disease; cardiologist — a heart doctor list carn/i flesh, meat Latin carnivorous — flesh-eating; carnal — pertaining to the body or flesh; incarnate — given bodily form list cata down, against
completely, intensive,
according to Greek cataclysm — a flood or other disaster, catalog — a complete listing; catastrophe — turning for the worst, a substantial disaster list caust,
caut to burn Latin
Greek

cauterize — to burn with a hot instrument; caustic — capable of burning or eating away; holocaust — total devastation, especially by fire

list cede,
ceed,
cess go, yield Latin

exceed — to go beyond the limits; recede — to go back; accessible — easily entered, approached, or obtained;

list celer fast Latin accelerate — to increase the speed of; decelerate — to reduce the speed of list cent/i hundred, hundredth Latin centennial- the 100th anniversary; centimeter — 1/100 of a meter; century — 100 years list centr/o/i center Greek egocentric — self-centered; eccentric — not having a common center, not according to norm; centrifugal — moving outward from a center list cephal/o head Greek encephalitis — inflammation of the brain; cephalic — pertaining to the head; cephalopod — marine mollusks like octopus and squid who have tentacles growing from their head list cerebr/o brain Latin cerebral — pertaining to the brain; cerebrate — to use the brain; cerebrospinal — pertaining to the brain and the spinal cord list cert sure Latin ascertain- to find out something with certainty; certain — being absolutely sure; certify — to state that something is true list chrom/o chromat/o, chros color, pigment Greek achromatic — without color; chromium — a blue-white metallic chemical element, chromatics — the study of color list chron/o time Greek chronic — lasting for a long time; chronological — arranging events in time order, synchronize — happening at the same time list chrys/o gold, yellow Greek chrysanthemum and helichrysum — golden/yellow flowers; chrysolite — a yellowish gem list cide, cise cut, kill Latin homicide — murder; incisor — a sharp tooth for cutting food; insecticide — a chemical used to kill insects list circum,
circle around, about Latin circumnavigate — to sail around; circumscribe — to draw around; circumspect — looking around list claim, clam shout, speak out Latin clamor — to shout and make noise; exclaim — to cry out loudly and suddenly; proclamation — something announced officially in public list clar clear Latin clarification — an explanation; clarify — to make something clear; declare — to state something clearly list clud, clus close Latin conclusion — the end or last part; exclusion — shutting out, rejecting; seclude — to keep away from; to isolate list cline lean Latin inclination — a leaning toward; incline — a surface that slopes or leans; recline — to lean back and relax list co with, together, joint Latin coauthor — writer who collaborates with another author; coeducation — educating males and females together; cohousing — planning your neighborhood in an intentional neighborly fashion list col together, jointly Latin Collaborate — to work together; collision — smashing together; colloquial — words formed by everday interaction list com together, common Latin commemorate — to memorize together; composition — an arrangement or putting together of parts; commune — living together while owning things in common list cogn/i know Latin cognition — process of acquiring knowledge; incognito — disguised so no one knows you; recognize — to discover that one knows list con with, jointly Latin concur — to agree with someone; contemporary — of the same time period as others; convention — a gathering of people with a common interest list contra/o against, opposite Latin contradict to argue against, Contraflow, contraception, contrary not in agreement, controversy disagreement list corp/o body Latin corporation — a company recognized by law as a single body; corpse — a dead body; corporal — pertaining to the body list cosm/o universe Greek cosmonaut — a Russian astronaut; cosmos — the universe; microcosm — a miniature universe list counter opposite, contrary, opposing counteract — to oppose the effects of an action; countermand — to cancel a previous order; counteroffensive — attack against an attack list cranio skull Greek craniology — the study of skull characteristics; cranium — skull of vertebrates; cranial — pertaining to the skull list cred believe Latin credence — belief that something is true or valid; credulous — believing things too easily, gullible; incredible — unbelievable list cruc cross Latin crucial-characteristic of or having the form of a cross ; crucifix- the cross itself as a Christian emblem; excruciating-  so intense as to cause great pain or anguish list crypto hidden, secret Greek cryptic — of hidden meaning; cryptography — science of secret codes; encrypt — encode into secret code list cumul mass, heap Latin accumulate — to gather or pile up; cumulative — gradually building up list curr, curs run Latin concurrent- running parallel; current- flowing easily and smoothly; cursive- having a flowing, easy, impromptu character list cycl circle, ring Greek bicycle — a vehicle with two wheels; cycle — a sequence that is repeated; cyclone — a storm with circling winds list de reduce, away, down, remove Latin decelerate — to slow down, reduce speed; dethrone — to remove from power; debug — to remove bugs list dec/a,
deka ten Greek decade — 10 years; decathlon — athletic contest that includes 10 disciplines in which each participant competes; December — formerly the 10th month of the Roman calendar list deci one tenth Latin deciliter — a tenth of a liter; decimate — reduce dramatically; decibel — one tenth of the sound volume unit bel list dem/o people Greek democracy — government of the people; demographic — the study of people; epidemic — spreading among people in a region list demi half, less than Latin demitasse — a small cup of coffee; demimonde — someone of little respected life style list dendr/o/i tree Greek philodendron — a climbing plant that grows on trees; dendrochronology — dating events by studying growth rings in trees; dendriform — in the shape of a tree list dent, dont tooth Latin dental — relating to teeth; dentist — a doctor for the teeth; dentures — a set of false teeth list derm/a skin Greek dermatologist — a doctor for the skin; pachyderm — a class of animals with very thick skin (elephant, rhinoceros); dermatitis — inflammation of the skin list di/plo two, twice Greek dichromatic — displaying two colors; diploma — a certificate, literally «a letter folded double»; dilemma — a situation that requires a choice between two alternatives. list di/s apart, away,
not, to the opposite Latin digression — a departure from the main issue, subject; disappear — to move out of sight; dissect — to cut apart piece by piece. list dia through, between,
apart, across Greek diabetes — disease characterized by excessive thirst and discharge of urine; diagnosis — understanding a condition by going through a detailed review of symptoms; dialog — conversation between two people. list dict speak Latin contradict — to express the opposite of; prediction — a statement foretelling the future; dictate — to speak out loud for another person to write down. list domin master Latin dominate — to be the master of; domineering — excessively controlling; predominate — to have more power than others list don/at give Latin donation — a contribution or gift; donor — someone who gives something; pardon — to give forgiveness for an offense list duc/t lead Latin conduct — to lead musicians in playing music; educate — to lead to knowledge; deduction — a subtraction of an amount. list du/o two, twice Latin duplicate — make an identical copy; duet — a musical composition for two voices or instruments; duo — a pair normally thought of as being together. list dur harden, to last, lasting Latin durable — having the quality of lasting; duration — the length of time something lasts; enduring — able to last. list dyn/a/am power, energy, strength Greek dynamo — a generator of energy; dynamic — having physical energy/power; dynamite — a powerful explosive. list dys abnormal, bad Greek dyspepsia — abnormal digestion; dystopia — an imaginary place of total misery; dyslexia — impairment of the ability to handle words. list e- out, away Latin eloquent — speaking beautifully and forcefully; emissary — a representative of a country or group sent on a mission; eject — throw out forcefully. list ego self Latin
Greek egoistic — self-centered; alter ego — a higher aspect of oneself; egomania — excessive preoccupation with oneself. list em, en into, cover with, cause empathy — intention to feel like another person; empower — put into power; engorge — make larger. list endo within, inside Greek endotherm — a creature that can keep its inside temperature fairly constant; endocrine — relating to glands that secrete directly into the blood or lymph; endogamy — the custom to marry within one’s clan, tribe etc. list enn/i, anni years Latin bicentennial — of or relating to an age or period of 200 years; centennial — of or relating to an age or period of 100 years; perennial -lasting through many years. list en, in inside, inwards Latin envision — to picture in the mind; enclose — lock inside; inwards — towards the inside. list ep/i on, upon, over,
among, at, after,
to, outside Greek epidemic — the rapid spread of something negative; epilogue — a short speech delivered after a play; epicenter — the center of an earthquake. list equ/i equal, equally Latin equidistant — an equal distance from two points; equanimity — calm temperament, evenness of temper; equation — a statement of equality. list erg/o work Greek ergonomics — study of the working environment; energy — the power to accomplish work; energetics — science that looks at energy and its transformation. list esth/aesth feeling, sensation, beauty Latin esthetician — someone who beautifies; aesthetic — pertaining to a sense of beauty; kinesthesia — the sensation of bodily movement. list ethno race, people Greek ethnic — pertaining to a defined group of people; ethnocentric — focusing on the ethnicity of people; ethnology — the science of people and races. list eu good, well Greek euphemism — replacing an offensive word with an inoffensive one; euphonious — having a pleasant sound; euphoria — feeling of well-being. list ex from, out, Latin excavate — to dig out; exhale — to breathe out; extract — to pull out. list extra, extro outside, beyond Latin extraordinary — beyond ordinary; extraterrestrial — outside the Earth; extrovert — an outgoing person. list fac/t make, do Latin artifact — an object made by a person; factory — a place where things are made; malefact — a person who does wrong. list fer bear, bring, carry Latin confer — to bring an honor to someone; ferry — a boat that carries passengers; transfer — to move to another place. list fid faith Latin confide — place trust in someone, fidelity — faithfulness; fiduciary — a trustee; list flect bend Latin deflect — to bend course because of hitting something; inflection — a bending in the voice’s tone or pitch; flexible — easily bending. list flor/a,
fleur flower Latin florist — someone working with flowers; floral — flowerlike; flora — the plant life of a particular time or area list for completely (used to intensify
the meaning of a word) forsaken or forfeited — completely lost; forgiven — completely given (a release of debt). list fore in front of, previous, earlier forebear — ancestor; forebode — to give an advance warning of something bad; forecast — a preview of events to be. list form shape Latin conformity- correspondence in form, manner, or character; formation- something that is formed; reformatory- intended for reformation list fract, frag break Latin fracture — a break; fragile — easy to break; fragment or fraction — a part or element of a larger whole; list fug flee, run away, escape Latin fugitive — a person who is running away; refuge — a sheltered place to flee to; refugee — a person seeking protection list funct perform, work Latin defunct — no longer working or alive; function — to work or perform a role normally; malfunction — to fail to work correctly. list fus pour Latin confusion — being flooded with too much information that is hard to make sense of; fuse — to melt by heating; infuse — to put into. list gastr/o stomach Greek gastric — pertaining to the stomach; gastronomy — serving the stomach by providing good food; gastritis — inflammation of the stomach. list gen/o/e/
genesis birth, production,
formation, kind Greek genealogy — the study of the history of a family; generation — all the people born at approximately the same time; genetic -relating to heredity encoded in the genes. list geo earth, soil, global Greek geography — study of the earth’s surface; geology — study of the structure of the earth; geoponics — soil based agriculture. list ger old age Greek geriatrics — medicine pertaining to the elderly; gerontocracy — the rule of the elders; gerontology — the science of aging. list giga a billion Greek gigabyte — unit of computer storage space; gigahertz — unit of frequency (one billion Hz/sec); gigawatt unit of electric power (one billion watts). list gon angle Latin
Greek decagon — a polygon with 10 angles; diagonal — a slanting line running across a space; octagon — a geometrical figure with 8 angles. list gram letter, written Greek diagram — a simple drawing; grammar — rules of how to write words in sentences; telegram — a message sent by telegraph. list gran grain Latin granary- a storehouse or repository for grain especially after it is threshed or husked; granola- a mixture of rolled oats and other ingredients; granule- a little grain (as of sugar) list graph/y writing, recording, written Greek Graphology — the study of handwritings; autograph — written with one’s own hand; seismograph — a machine noting strength and duration of earthquakes. list grat pleasing Latin gratify — to please someone; grateful — feeling thankful; gratuity — a tip, token of appreciation. list gyn/o/e woman, female Greek gynecology — the science of female reproductive health; gynephobia — fear of women; gynecoid — resembling a woman. list gress, grad/e/i to step, to go Latin digression — a departure from the main issue, subject, etc.; progress — movement forward or onward; gradual — step by step. list hect/o, hecat hundred Greek hectoliter — 100 liters; hectare — metric unit equaling 100 ares or 10,000 square meters; hectometer — 100 meters. list helic/o spiral, circular Greek helicopter — an aircraft with horizontal rotating wing; helix — a spiral form; helicon — a circular tuba. list heli/o sun Greek heliotropism — movement or growth in relating to the sun; heliograph — apparatus used to send message with the help of sunlight; helianthus — genus of plants including sunflowers. list hemi half, partial Greek hemicycle — a semicircular structure; hemisphere — one half of the earth; hemistich — half a line of poetry. list hem/o/a blood Latin
Greek hemorrhage — clotting of the blood; hemorrhoids — swelling of the blood vessels; hemoglobin — red blood particle. list hepa liver Latin hepatitis — inflammation of the liver; hepatoma — a tumor of the liver; hepatotoxic — toxic and damaging to the liver. list hept/a seven Greek heptagon — a shape with seven angles and seven sides; Heptateuch — the first seven books of the Old Testament; heptameter — a line of verse consisting of seven metrical feet. list herbi grass, plant Latin herbicide — any chemical used to kill unwanted plants, etc.; herbivorous — plant-eating; herbal — relating to plants. list hetero different, other Greek heterogeneous — made up of unrelated parts; heteronyms — words with same spelling but different meanings; heterodox — not conforming to traditional beliefs. list hex/a six Greek hexagon — a shape with six angles/sides; hexameter — a verse measured in six; hexapod — having six legs. list histo tissue Greek histology — study of the microscopic structure of tissues; histochemistry — study of the chemical constitution of cells and tissues. list homo,
homeo like, alike, same Latin
Greek homogeneous — of the same nature or kind; homonym — sounding alike; homeopath — a therapy that is based on treating «same with same» list hydr/o liquid, water Greek hydrate — to add water to; hydrophobia — intense fear of water; hydroponics — growing plants in liquid nutrient solution; hydraulic — operated by force created by a liquid. list hygr/o moisture, humidity Greek hygrometer — tool used to measure humidity; hygrograph — instrument for recording variations in atmospheric humidity. list hyper too much, over,
excessive, beyond Latin
Greek hyperactive — very restless; hypercritical — too critical; hypertension — above normal pressure. list hyp/o under Greek hypoglycemia — an abnormally low level of sugar in the blood; hypothermia — abnormally low body temperature; hypothesis — a theory that is unproven but used under the assumption that it is true. list iatr/o medical care Greek geriatrics — medical care of the elderly; pediatrician — a doctor who treats children; podiatry — medical care for feet. list icon/o image Latin
Greek icon — an (often religious) image, in modern usage a simplified graphic of high symbolic content; iconology — science of symbols and icons; iconoclast — someone who destroys religious images and traditional beliefs. list idio peculiar, personal, distinct Greek idiomatic — Peculiar to a particular language; idiosyncracy — a physical or mental characteristic typical or a particular person; idiot — someone who is distinctly foolish or stupid. list il, in in, into Latin illuminate — to give light to; innovation — a new idea, method, or device; inspection — the act of examining or reviewing. list ig, il, im,
in, ir not, without Latin illegal — not legal; impossible — not possible; inappropriate — not appropriate; irresponsible — not responsible. list imag likeness Latin image — a likeness of someone; imaginative — able to think up new ideas or images; imagine — to form a picture or likeness in the mind. list infra beneath, below Latin infrastructure — underlying framework of a system; infrared — below the regular light spectrum. list inter between, among, jointly Latin international — involving two or more countries; intersection — place where roads come together; intercept — to stop or interrupt the course of. list intra,
intro within, inside Latin intrastate — existing in one state; intravenous — inside or into a vein; introvert — shy person who keeps within him/herself. list ir not Latin irredeemable — not redeemable; irreformable — not reformable; irrational — not rational. list iso equal isobar — a line on a map connecting points of equal barometric pressure; isometric — having equality of measure; isothermal — having equal or constant temperature. list ject throw Latin eject — to throw someone/something out; interject — to throw a remark into a discussion; project — to cast or throw something. list jud law Latin judgment — a decision of a court of law; judicial — having to do with judges or courts of law; judiciary — a system of courts of law. list junct join Latin conjunction — a word that joins parts of sentences; disjunction — a disconnection; junction — a place where two things join. list juven young Latin juvenile — youthful or childish; rejuvenate — to bring back to youthful strength or appearance. list kilo thousand Greek kilobyte — 1,000 bytes; kilometer — 1,000 meter; kilograms — 1,000 grams. list kine/t
/mat motion, division Greek kinetics — study of the force of motion; psychokinesis or telekinesis — the ability to move objects with your mind; cinematography — motion picture making. list lab work Latin collaborate — to work with a person; elaborate — to work out the details; laborious — requiring a lot of hard work. list lact/o milk Latin lactate — to give milk, nurse; lactose — the sugar contained in milk; lactic acid. list later side Latin bilateral — of or involving two sides; unilateral — affecting one side of something. list leuk/o,
leuc/o white, colorless Greek leukemia — abnormal increase of white blood cells in the blood; leukocyte — a mature white blood cell; leucine — a white, crystalline amino acid. list lex word, law, reading Greek lexicology — the study and history of words; alexia -loss of the ability to read; illegal — not authorized by the official rules or laws. list liber free Latin liberate — to set free; libertine — a person with a free, wild lifestyle; liberty — freedom. list lingu language, tongue Latin linguist — one who studies languages; multilingual — able to communicate in multiple languages; linguine — long, flat «tongue-shaped» pasta. list lip/o fat Greek liposuction — the mechanical removal of fat reserves in the tissue; lipase — enzyme that breaks down fat; lipoid — resembling fat. list lite, ite,
lith/o mineral, rock, fossil Greek apatite — a group of common minerals; granite — a hard, granular rock; monolith — a remarkable, unique stone. list loc place Latin dislocate — to put something out of its usual place; location — a place; relocate — to move to a new place. list log/o word, doctrine, discourse Greek logic — correct reasoning; monologue — a long speech by one speaker;analogy — similarity, especially between things otherwise dissimilar. list loqu, locu speak Latin eloquent — speaking beautifully and forcefully ; loquacious — very talkative; elocution — art of public speaking. list luc light Latin elucidate — to explain, to throw light on; lucid — easily understood, giving off light; translucent — allowing light through. list lud, lus to play Latin prelude — introduction to the major performance; illusion — misleading optical image or impression; delude — to mislead, deceive. list lumin light Latin illuminate — to fill with light; lumen — unit measuring light. list lun/a/i moon Latin lunar — relating to the moon; lunarscape — the surface of the moon; lunatic — insane (as if driven mad by the moon). list macro large, great Greek macroevolution — large scale evolution; macromolecule — a large molecule; macroeconomics — study of the overall forces of economy. list magn/a/i great, large Latin magnify — make larger; magnificent — grand; magnate — a powerful person, especially in business or industry. list mal/e bad, ill, wrong Latin malcontent — wrong content; malaria — «bad air», infectious disease thought to originate from the «bad air» of the swamps, but caused by the bite of an infected mosquito; malicious — showing strong ill will. list man/i/u hand Latin maneuver — to move by hand; manual — done with the hands; manuscript — a book written by hand. list mand to order Latin command — an order or instruction; demand — a hard-to-ignore order; mandate — an official order. list mania madness, insanity,
excessive desire Greek bibliomania — a crazy love of books; egomania — a mad love of oneself; maniac an insane person. list mar/i sea Latin

marina — a harbor for pleasure boats; maritime — relating to the sea; submarine — an undersea boat; aquamarine — color of sea water.

list mater,
matr/i mother Latin maternal — relating to motherhood; maternity — the state of being a mother; matriarch — a woman head of a household. list max greatest Latin maximal — the best or greatest possible; maximize — to make as great as possible; maximum — the greatest amount. list medi middle Latin medieval — pertaining to the Middle Ages; medium — in the middle; mediocre — only of medium (inferior) quality. list mega great, large, million Greek megalopolis — an area with many nearby cities; megaphone — a device that projects a loud voice; megastructure — huge building or other structure. list melan/o black Greek melancholy — a state of dark emotions; melanoma — malignant dark tumor of the skin; melodrama — a dark, pathetic drama. list memor/i remember Latin commemorate — to honor the memory of, as by a ceremony; memorial — related to remembering a person or event; memory: an ability to retain knowledge or an individual’s stock of retained knowledge. list merge,
mers dip, dive Latin immerge or immerse — to put or dip something into a liquid; submerge to dip something completely into wate.r list meso middle Latin
Greek Mesoamerica — Middle America; meson — elementary particle with a mass between an electron and a proton. list meta change, after, beyond, between Greek metaphysics — study of nature and reality; metamorphosis — a complete change of form; metastasis — the transmission of disease to other parts of the body. list meter,
metr/y measure Greek audiometer- an instrument that measures hearing acuteness; chronometer- an instrument that measures time; metric — measured. list micro very small, short, minute Greek microbe — a very small living thing; microchip — a tiny wafer with an integrated circuit; microscope — a device to see very small things. list mid middle Latin
Greek midriff — the area between the chest and the waist; midterm — middle of a term in school; midway — halfway between. list migr move Latin immigrant — a person who moves to a new country to settle; migrant — person who moves from place to place; migration — the process of moving. list milli onethousandth Latin millimeter — one thousandth of a meter; millibar — one thousandth of a bar; milliliter — one thousandth of a liter. list min/i small, less Latin mini — something that is very small; minuscule — extremely tiny; minutiae — very small or trivial details. list mis/o bad, badly, wrong, wrongly,
to hate Greek misbehave — to behave badly; misprint — an error in printing; misnomer — an error in naming a person or thing. list miss, mit send, let go Latin dismiss — to send someone away; missile — a weapon sent into the air; emit — to send something out; admittance — entry. list mob move Latin immobilize — to stop from moving; mobile — able to move freely; mobility — the quality of being able to move. list mon/o one, single, alone Greek monochromat — having one color; monologue — a speech spoken by one person; monotheism — belief in one god. list mot, mov move Latin motion — the act of moving; motivate — to move someone to action; promote to move someone forward; removable — able to be taken or carried away. list morph/o form Greek metamorphosis — complete change of form; endorphins — chemical in the brain able to transform pain; amorphous — without distinct shape or form. list mort death Latin immortal — living forever, unable to die; mortal — certain to die; mortician — an undertaker. list multi many, more than one or two Latin multicolored — having many colors; multimedia — using a range of media; multitasking — doing many things at once. list mut change Latin immutable — not changing; mutant — an organism that has undergone change; mutate — to undergo a change. list my/o muscle Latin myocardium — the middle muscle of the heart; myasthenia — muscle fatigue or weakness; myosin — common protein in muscle tissue. list narr tell Latin narrate — to tell a story; narrative — a story; narrator — a person who tells a story. list nat born Latin innate — included since birth; natal — relating to birth; natural — gotten at birth, not afterward. list nav ship Latin circumnavigate — to sail around a place; naval — relating to a navy or warships; navigate — to sail a ship through a place. list necr/o dead, death Greek necrophil — loving death; necrosis — the death of tissue due to disease or injury; necrology — a list of persons who have recently died. list neg no Latin negate — to say it didn’t happen; negative — meaning «no»; renege — to go back on a promise. list neo new, recent neoclassic — a revival of classic form, neocolonialism — the indirect («new») economical and political control of a region by a more powerful foreign power; neonatal — a newborn child, especially the first few weeks. list nephr/o kidney Greek nephritis — inflammation of the kidneys; nephrotomy — surgical incision of a kidney; nephron — a single, excretory unit in the kidney. list neur/o nerve Greek neuralgia — pain along a nerve; neurologist — doctor specializing in the nerves; neurotic — mental disorder that usually does not include an impaired perception of reality. list nom/in name Latin misnomer — an error in naming a person or thing; nominal — being something in name only but not in reality; nominate — to name for election or appointment, to designate. list non no, not, without Latin nondescript — with no special characteristics; nonfiction — true, real, not made-up; nonsense — without sense. list not mark Latin notable — marked as worthy of attention; notarize — to certify a signature on a legal document; annotate — to add remarks. list noun,
nunc declare Latin announce — to declare in public; denounce — to proclaim harsh criticism; enunciate — to speak or declare something clearly. list nov new Latin innovate — to introduce a new way; novelty — something new; novice — a person who is new at a job; renovate — to make something like new again. list numer number Latin enumerate — to name a number of items on a list; numerology — the study of magical uses of numbers; numerous — a large number. list ob, op in the way, against Latin object — to be against something; obscure — hard to understand; opposition — the act of resistance or action against. list oct/a/o eight Greek octagon — a figure with 8 sides and 8 angles; octogenarian — person in his or her 80s; octopus — sea animal with 8 arms. list ocu eye Latin binoculars — lens device for seeing distances; monocula — relating to one eye; oculist — an eye doctor. list od path, way Greek diode —  an electron tube having two electrodes, a cathode and an anode; odometer —  an instrument attached to a vehicle to measure the distance traversed; triode — an electron tube with an anode, a cathode, and a control grid list odor  smell, scent Latin deodorant — a substance that helps prevent body odor; malodorous — having a terribly bad smell; odoriferous- something that bears or diffuses a scent
 list omni all Latin omnipotent — with all the power; omniscient — knowing all things; omnivorous eating all foods. list op/t/s eye, visual condition, sight Greek optic — relating to the eyes; optician — a person who fits eyeglasses; autopsy — the examination of a dead body. list opt best Latin optimal — the best, the most desirable; optimize — to make the best of; optimum — the best something could be. list ortho straight Greek orthodontist — a dentist that straightens teeth; orthopedic — a doctor concerned with the proper alignment of the bones; orthography — the correct way of writing. list osteo bone Greek osteoarthritis — inflammation caused by degeneration of the joints; osteopathy — therapy that uses among others manipulation of the skeleton to restore health; osteology — the study of bones. list out goes beyond,
surpasses, exceeds Outgoing — being of lively, sharing nature; outdoing — doing better than; outdoor — outside. list over excessive English overconfident — more confident than is appropriate; overstock — more supplies than is desirable; overexcited — ,more excited than one should be. list oxi/oxy sharp Greek oxymoron — combining two ideas that sharply contradict each other; oxidize — corrode a surface. list pale/o ancient Greek paleontology — study of ancient fossils; paleography — the study of ancient forms of writing; Paleolithic — period of the Stone Age. list pan all, any, everyone Greek panacea — a cure for all diseases or problems; panorama — an all-around view; pantheism — the worship of all gods; pandemic — affecting all. list para beside, beyond, abnormal,
assistant Greek parasite — an organism that lives on and off another living being; parallel — alongside and always an equal distance apart; paragraph — a portion of a writtenn document that presents a distinct idea. list para protection from parachute — protection from falling; parasol — an umbrella used to protect from the sun; list pater,
patr/i father Latin
Greek paternal — relating to fathers; paternity — fatherhood; patriarch — a man who rules a group. list path feeling, emotion antipathy — a feeling of great dislike; apathy — a lack of feeling or interest; empathy — ability to understand another’s feelings. list ped/i/e foot, feet Latin pedal — a lever pushed by the foot; pedestrian — one who walks; pedicure — cosmetic treatment of feet and toes. list pel drive, force Latin compel — to force someone to act; expel — to drive someone out of a place; repel — to force back. list pent/a five Greek pentagon — shape having 5 angles and 5 sides, pentagram — a five-pointed star formerly used as a symbolic figure in magic; pentathlon — an athletic contest that includes five events. list pept,
peps digestion Greek dyspepsia — abnormal digestion; peptic — aiding digestion; pepsin — a digestive enzyme. list per through, throughout Latin permanent — lasting throughout all time; permeate — to spread throughout; persist — to continue for a long time; perennial — lasting through many years. list peri around, enclosing Greek periodontal — pertaining to bone and tissue around a tooth; peripheral — lying outside of the center; perimeter — the outer boundary of an area. list phag/e to eat Greek esophagus — muscular tube that carries food to the stomach; anthropophagy or sarcophagy — cannibalism; xylophagous — feeding on wood. list phil/o love, friend Greek philanthropist — one who loves humanity; philology — the love of words; philosophy — the love of wisdom; bibliophil — loving books. list phon/o
/e/y sound Greek cacophony — loud, unpleasant sounds; microphone — a device that records and amplifies sound; phonetic — relating to human speech sounds. list phot/o light Greek photogenic — caused by light; photograph — image made on light-sensitive film; photon — the smallest possible unit of light. list phyll/o leaf Greek chlorophyll — a group of green pigments found in leaves; phyllotaxis — the arrangement of leaves on a stem; phyllite — a rock that forms sheets, similar to slate. list phys nature, medicine, the body Greek physical — relating to the body; physician — a doctor; physique — nature and shape of one’s body. list phyt/o/e plant, to grow Greek epiphyte — a plant growing independently on the surface of another; hydrophyte — a plant that grows only in water; neophyte — a beginner, especially a person recently converted to a new belief. list plas/t/m to form, development,
forming cells Greek protoplasm — something that is the first made or formed, also the living portion of a cell; plastic — able to be formed, especially when warm; plaster — a mixture of lime, sand and water that forms a smooth solid covering for walls. list plaud, plod, plaus, plos approve, clap Latin applaud- to show approval of especially by clapping the hands; explosion- an act of exposing something as invalid or baseless; plausible- worthy of being applauded list pneum/o breathing, lung, air, spirit Greek pneumonia — inflammation of the lungs; pneumatic — using the force of air; dyspnea — difficulty breathing. list pod/e foot Greek podiatrist — a doctor for the feet; podium — a small platform to stand on; tripod — a stand or frame with 3 legs. list poli city Greek metropolis — a large city; police — people who work for the government to maintain order in a city; politics — actions of a government or political party. list poly many, more than one Greek polychrome — with many colors; polyglot — a person fluent in many languages; polygon — shape with 3 or more straight sides. list pon place, put Latin opponent — a person who places him/herself against an action, idea, etc.; postpone — to put off doing something. list pop people Latin popular — appealing to a lot of people; population — all of the people who live in a particular area; populist — a supporter of the rights of people. list port carry Latin export — to carry goods out of a place to another; portable — able to be carried; porter — a person who carries luggage. list pos place, put Latin deposit — to place or drop something; expose to place out into the open for all to see; position — the place where someone is. list post after, behind Latin posthumous — after someone’s death; postpone — to delay something; postscript — an addition to an already completed document. list pre earlier, before, in front of Latin preamble — a part in front of a formal document; prepare — to get ready in advance; prediction — a statement foretelling the future. list pro before, in front of,
for, forward Greek
Latin prognosis — a prediction of what will happen; prologue — a passage before the main part; prophet — a person who foretells the future. list prot/o primitive, first, chief Greek prototype — the first of a kind; proton — on of the very basic parts of an atom; protocol — a first draft from which a document is prepared. list pseud/o wrong,false Greek pseudonym — a fictitious name; pseudoscience — theories presumed without proof of a scientific nature; pseudopregnancy — a false pregnancy. list psych/o mind, mental Greek psyche — the human spirit or soul; psychic — relating to the human mind or someone who has supernatural mental abilities; psychology — the study of the mind. list pugn/a,
pung to fight Latin pugnacious — having a quarrelsome or aggressive nature; repugnant — distasteful, offensive or revolting; pungent — piercing. list pul urge compulsion — a very strong urge; expulsion — to someone out; impulsive — having a spontaneous urge to do something. list purg clean Latin purge — remove anything undesirable; purgatory — according to Roman Catholics a place where souls must clean themselves of sin; expurgate — remove objectionable passages from a publication. list put think Latin computer — an electronic thinking device; dispute — to disagree with what another person thinks; input — contribution of one’s thinking. list pyr/o fire, heat Greek pyrotechnics — the art of making fireworks; pyrometer — a thermometer for measuring high temperature; pyretic — relating to or producing fever. list quad/r/ri four Latin quadrant — open space with buildings on 4 sides; quadrennium — period of 4 years; quadruped — a 4-footed animal. list quart fourth Latin quarter — one fourth; quart — a fourth of a gallon; quartet — a musical composition or group involving 4 voices or instruments. list quin/t five, fifth Latin quintett — a composition for 5 voices or instruments; quintessence — pure essence, based on the ancient philosophy that there was a fifth element that was present in all things; quintuple — fivefold. list radic,
radix root Latin eradicate — pull out at the roots; radical — fundamental, looking at things from a drastic point of view; radish — an edible root of the mustard family. list radio radiation, ray radioactive — emitting radiation; radiologist — someone diagnosing or treating via radiation. list ram/i branch Latin ramification — the resulting consequence of a decision; ramify — to spread or branch out; ramus — a branchlike part. list re again, back, backward Latin rebound -to spring back again; rewind — to wind something backward; reaction: a response; recognize: to identify someone or something seen before. list reg guide, rule Latin regent — a person who rules on behalf of a king or queen; regime — a government that rules; regulate — to apply a rule. list retro backward, back Latin retroactive — relating to something in the past; retrogress — to go back to an earlier condition; retrospect — the remembering of past events. list rhin/o nose Greek rhinoceros — a species of animals with a big horn on the snout; rhinoplasty — surgery of the nose; rhinovirus — viruses that are causing the common cold. list rhod/o red Greek rhododendron — a flower with red/pink flowers; rhodium — an element which produces a red solution; rhodopsin — a purple pigment in the retina that is needed for vision. list rid laugh Latin deride — to make fun of someone; ridicule — to make fun or mock; ridiculous — silly, causing laughter. list rrh/ea
/oea/ag flow, discharge Latin
Greek diarrhea — abnormally excessive bowl movement; hemorrhage — heavy blood flow; catarrh — inflammation of a mucous membrane, especially the nose and throat. list rub red Latin ruby — deep red color and a precious stone of the same color; rubella — measles; bilirubin — reddish pigment in bile. list rupt break, burst Latin bankrupt — unable to pay because you’re «broke»; interrupt — to break into a conversation or event, to disturb; rupture — a break in something. list san health Latin sane — mentally healthy; sanitary — relating to cleanliness and health; sanitation — maintenance of public health and cleanliness. list scend climb, go Latin ascend — to climb upward; crescendo — a climbing up of the volume of music; descend — to go or climb down. list sci know Latin conscience — sense of knowing right from wrong; conscious — knowing what is happening; omniscient — knowing everything. list scler/o hard Greek arteriosclerosis — hardening of the arterial walls; multiple sclerosis — disease which causes the tissue of the brain and spinal cord to harden; sclerometer — instrument for measuring hardness. list scop/e/y see, examine, observe Greek microscope — a device used to see tiny things; periscope — a seeing instrument on a submarine; telescope — a device used to see over a distance. list scrib,
script write, written Latin inscribe — to write letters or words on a surface; scribe — a person who writes out documents; describe — to represent with words or pictures. list se apart Latin secede — to formally break away from; seclude — to keep away from; serum — a liquid isolated out of another. list sect cut Latin dissect — to cut apart piece by piece; intersection — the place or point where two things cross each other; bisect — to cut into two equal parts. list sed, sid, sess sit Latin reside- be stationed; sediment- the matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid; session- an actual or constructive sitting of a body list self of, for, or by itself self-discipline — the ability to discipline yourself; self-respect — respect for yourself; selfish concerned only with your own interests. list semi half, partial Latin semiannual — every half year; semicircle — half a circle; semiconscious — partly conscious; semiannual — every half of a year. list sept/i seven Latin September — this used to be the seventh month in the Roman calendar; septet — a group of seven musicians; septuagenarian — a person in his/her seventies. list serv save, keep Latin conserve — to save or keep something safe; preserve — to save something; reservation — a place kept for a person. list sex six Latin sextet or sextette — a composition or group of six, sextuple — sixfold; sexagenarian — person in his/her sixties. list sol alone Latin desolate — lonely, dismal, gloomy; solitary — done alone, by yourself; solo — a performance done by one person alone. list sol sun Latin solar — involving the sun; parasol — umbrella protecting from the sun; solarium — a room where one is exposed to sun light. list somn/I sleep Latin insomnia — inability to fall asleep; somniloquy — talking in your sleep; somnolent — feeling sleepy. list son sound Latin consonant — a speech sound; sonorous — producing loud, full, rich sounds; supersonic — faster than sound; unison — as one voice. list soph wise Greek philosopher — a wise person; sophisticated — wise about the ways of the world; sophism — a clever but misleading argument. list spec/t,
spic see, look Latin circumspect — cautious, looking all around; retrospective — a looking back at past things; spectator — a person who sees an event. list sphere ball Greek biosphere — the whole round surface of the earth; hemisphere — half the earth spherically shaped like a ball. list spir breathe Latin inspire — to stimulate or animate; transpire — to give of vapor with waste product through the skin or a membrane; spirit — invisible life force. list sta stand Latin stable — standing steady and firm; stagnant — standing still, not moving; stationary — at a standstill, fixed. list stell star Latin constellation — a group of stars that forms a pattern; interstellar — between the stars; stellar — relating to stars. list struct build Latin construct — to build; destruction — the act of destroying something that was built; structure — something built; infrastructure — underlying framework of a system. list sub under, lower than,
inferior to Latin submarine — an underwater boat; submerge — to put underwater; substandard — inferior to accepted standards. list sum highest Latin sum — the combined total of everything; summation — the total, highest amount; summit the highest point or top. list super higher in quality
or quantity Latin Super bowl — the final annual football game; superior — above average, better in quality; supersonic — faster than the speed of sound. list sy/m
/n/l/s together, with, same Greek symmetry -similarity in size, form or arrangement; synergy — the combined effect; synchronize — to cause to occur at the same time. list tact, tang touch Latin  contact — a state in which two things touch; tactile — relating to the sense of touch; tangible — able to be touched; intact — with nothing missing. list tax/o arrangement Greek  syntax — the systematic arrangement of words; taxonomy — the science of classification; ataxia — loss of the ability to coordinate muscle action. list techno technique, skill Greek  technology — the practical application of knowledge; technocracy — rule of technology; technologically — characterized by technology. list tel/e/o far, distant, complete Greek  telephone — a device to talk to a distant person; telescope — a device to view distant objects; television — a device to receive pictures from afar; telecommuting — working remotely, bridging the distance via virtual devices. list temp/or time Latin  contemporary- existing at the same time; temporal — relating to time; temporary — lasting for a limited time. list ten, tin, tent hold Latin continent- serving to restrain or limit; detention-  the act or fact of detaining, tenacious- having parts or elements strongly adhering to each other list ter, trit rub Latin attrition-  the act of rubbing together or wearing down; detritus- a product of disintegration or wearing away; trite- used or occurring so often as to have lost interest, freshness, or force list term/ina end, limit Latin  determine — to find something out at the end of an investigation; terminate — to end; exterminate — to destroy or get rid of completely. list terr/a/i land, earth Latin  extraterrestrial — existing outside the earth; terrain — ground or land; territory — an area of land. list tetra four Latin tetrapod — having 4 legs; tetrarchy — government by 4 rulers; tetrose — a monosaccharide with four carbon atoms. list the put Greek bibliotheca-  a list or catalog of books; theme- a proposition for discussion or argument; thesis- a dissertation embodying results of original research and especially substantiating a specific view list the/o god Greek  monotheism — belief in one god; polytheism — worshiping more than one god; theology — the study of religion, god, etc. list therm/o heat Greek  thermal — relating to heat; thermos — an insulated jar that keeps heat in; thermostat — a device that controls heat. list tort twist Latin contortion — a twisted shape or position; distort — to alter the shape or condition of; retort — reply in a manner that is supposed to change the effect of something previously said. list tox poison Latin detoxification — the process of removing poisons; toxic — poisonous; toxicology — the study of poisons; intoxicated — influenced by drugs. list tract pull, drag Latin  attract — to pull objects nearer; distract — to drag attention away from something; tractor — a motor vehicle that pulls things. list trans across,beyond, through Latin  transcontinental — across the continent; transfer — to move from one place to another; transport — to carry something across a space. list tri three, once in every three,
third Greek
Latin   triangle — a figure with 3 sides and 3 angles; triathlon — an athletic contest with 3 events; tricycle — a 3-wheeI vehicle with pedals. list ultra beyond, extreme, more than Latin  ultrahigh — extremely high; ultramodern — more modern than anything else; ultrasonic — sound waves beyond human hearing. list un not,opposite of, lacking  Latin unabridged — not shortened; unfair — opposite of fair; unfriendly — lacking friendliness. list uni one, single Latin  unicycle — a vehicle with one wheel; unilateral — decided by only one person or nation; unique — the only one of its kind; unison — as one voice. list urb city Latin  suburb — residential area on the edge of a city; urban — relating to a city; urbanology — the study of city life. list vac empty Latin  evacuate — to empty a dangerous place; vacant — empty, not occupied; vacation — a time without work. list ven/t come Latin  circumvent — to go around or bypass restrictions; convention — a gathering or assembly of people with a common interest; intervene — to come between. list ver/I truth Latin  veracious — truthful, honest; veracity — the truth; verify — to make sure that something is true. list verb word Latin  verbalize — to put into words; adverb — a word relating to a verb; proverb — a short saying that expresses a well-known truth. list vers,
vert turn Latin  reverse — to turn around; introvert — being turned towards the inside; version — a variation of an original; controversy — a conversation in which positions are turned against each other. list vice acting in place of,
next in rank Latin vice-president — the person next in rank to the president list vid see Latin  evident clearly seen list vince,
vic conquer Latin convince — to win someone over; invincible — not able to be conquered; victory — the conquest of an enemy. list vis, vid see Latin  vision — the ability to see; envision — to picture in the mind; evident — clearly visible. list viv/i
vit live, life Latin  revival — the act of bringing back to life; vital — pertaining to live; vivacious — high-spirited and full of life. list voc/i voice, call Latin  advocate — to speak in favor of; equivocate — to use misleading language that could be interpreted two different ways; vocalize — to produce with your voice. list vol/i/u wish, will Latin  benevolent — showing good will and kindness; volition — the act of making a choice or decision, voluntary — resulting from your own free will. list vor,
vour eat Latin  carnivorous — meat-eating; voracious — desiring or eating food in great quantities; devour — to eat quickly. list xanth yellow Latin xanthium- a genus of coarse and rough or spiny herbs; xanthochromia- yellowish discoloration (as of the skin or cerebrospinal fluid); xanthogenic list xen/o foreign Greek  xenophobic — afraid of foreigners; xenogenesis — the creation of offspring that is completely different from either parent; xenophile — attracted to foreigners. list xer/o/I dry Greek  xerophyte — a plant that grows in dry climate; xerography — a dry photocopying process; xeric — requiring small amounts of moisture. list xyl wood Greek xylocarp; xyloid- resembling wood; xylophone-an organ percussion stop of similar tone quality list zo/o animal life Greek  zoology — study of animals; zooid — resembling an animal; zooplankton — minute floating aquatic animals. list zyg/o pair Greek  zygote — a cell formed by the union of two gametes and the organism developing from that; zygomorphic — pertaining to organisms that can be divided into symmetrical halves along one axis only.
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Words can be puzzling for students as they are often pieced together by many different word parts (morphemes). A single word might contain a prefix, a suffix, root, and a base or root word, each part holding important information. A root word can be defined as a basic standalone word in which affixes can be added to create new words. A root is the basis of a word and it typically does not stand alone. Teaching root words to kids can help increase students’ proficiency at identifying roots and forming complete words.

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It is essential to start teaching root words to kids early so students can develop an understanding of root words, roots, and other morphemes in order to deconstruct words and build word meaning. Our root word spelling lists, used in conjunction with engaging root word games and exercises, are a great way to improve student understanding of how words are formed.

Morphemes, also referred to as word-part clues, are units of language that hold meaning, but cannot be broken down any further into smaller meaningful parts. Two basic types of morphemes exist: bound and free. Bound morphemes cannot stand alone and must be attached to other morphemes to form a word, acting as the building blocks of a word. Affixes (prefixes and suffixes) and Latin and Greek root words are bound morphemes. Free morphemes, on the other hand, can stand alone. Free morphemes include English root words, such as the root word “teach” in “teacher.” Two free morphemes can join to form a compound word, for example “dog” and “house” to form “doghouse.” Morphemes are imperative when teaching root words to kids, and our root words games, exercises, and word lists can help students master the puzzles of word creation.

Prefixes and suffixes can be added to a root word to form many new words and change word meaning. Often the term base word is used interchangeably with root word. When affixes are added to them, they serve as the anchor of the word because they hold the word’s principle meaning.

While there are many conflicting definitions of root words and base words, teachers need to keep in mind the importance of teaching these topics. Knowledge of morphemes, like word roots, helps with reading fluency, vocabulary development, and reading comprehension.

Root Word Games

Root Words Spelling Lists

Root Words with Prefixes

  • disappear
  • reappear
  • disapprove
  • misbehave
  • discomfort
  • redirect
  • unhappy
  • unkind
  • unpack
  • replay

List of Root Words with Affixes

  • dishonesty
  • uncomfortable
  • unkindness
  • unworthy
  • abnormally
  • unhappiness
  • unreasonable
  • unlikely
  • disrespectful
  • unsuccessful

Root Words with Suffixes

  • appearance
  • breaking
  • breakable
  • careful
  • careless
  • hopeful
  • hopeless
  • kindness
  • loveable
  • lovely

Latin & Greek Root Word Lists

Many words in the English language possess a Greek or Latin root. Below is a list of commonly used Greek and Latin roots, their meanings, and words containing them to use when teaching root words to kids.

Greek and Latin Root Words
Root Word Meaning Origin Example
astro star Greek astronaut
aud hear Latin audio
auto self Greek automatic
bene good Latin benevolent
cred believe Latin credible
dict say Latin dictate
meter measure Greek kilometer
micro small Greek microscope
form shape Latin formation
graph write Greek autograph
hydr water Greek dehydrate
liter letter Latin literature
multi many Latin multiple
pend hang Latin appendix
port carry Latin transportation
sect cut apart Greek dissect
struct build Latin construct
tele from afar Greek telephone
therm heat Greek thermometer
vac empty Greek evacuate

English Root Word Lists

Root words are words in their own right, but are also the basis of many other words. Prefixes, suffixes, or both affixes may be added to expand upon a root word. Below are words containing English root words. To make teaching root words to kids easier than ever you can access additional word lists on VocabularySpellingCity and pair with root word games and exercises for engaging practice!

English Root Words
Root Word Examples
appear reappear, appearance, disappear
break breakable, breaking, unbreakable
build rebuild, builder, unbuild
care caring, careful, careless
comfort discomfort, comfortable, uncomfortable
count counting, counter, countless
employ unemploy, employment, unemployment
faith faithful, faithfully, unfaithful
fear fearless, fearful, fearing
friend friendly, friendship, unfriendly
happy happiness, unhappy, unhappiness
hope hopeful, hopeless, hoped
joy joyful, enjoyment, overjoyed
kind unkind, kindness, unkindness
love loveable, lovely, loved
pack unpack, packed, packing
play replay, playful, played
read readable, reading, reader
use misuse, useful, used
worth worthy, unworthy, worthless

Use Our Root Word Lists to Create Engaging Root Word Games and Activities for Students of All Ages!

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woman-walking-past-a-tall-tree-with-twisted-roots-bursting-out-of-the-grass

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Last updated:

April 2, 2023

How do you feel about shortcuts?

By learning short and simple pieces of English words, also known as word roots, you can unlock an understanding of thousands of words and boost your English vocabulary!

In this post, we’re going to share 30 English word roots from Latin and Greek to help you improve your comprehension of English by providing a shortcut to learning.

Contents

  • What is a Root?
  • 30 Common English Word Roots from Greek and Latin
    • Roots of Greek Origin
    • Roots of Latin Origin
  • How to Use Roots to Form and Understand English Words
    • The Top 10 Suffixes You’ll See with Roots
    • The Top 10 Prefixes You’ll See with Roots
  • The Matching Game for Practicing English Roots, Suffixes and Prefixes


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What is a Root?

First, we should talk about what “root” means.

A root is the basic unit of a word.

Linguists, scientists who study language, refer to the root as the base or foundation of a word. If you really think about it, the name “root” makes sense. A real, literal root is the base of a tree, connecting the tree to the ground. The root of a word connects that word to some meaning.

To learn about other parts of words and their relationships with roots, check out this informative page. 

30 Common English Word Roots from Greek and Latin

If you aren’t sure that you want to memorize hundreds of roots, then memorize just these 30 roots. These are some of the most useful and common roots that you’ll learn!

You’ll see these popping up everywhere in words you both know and don’t know. If you wouldn’t have had any idea what they meant before you had learned the roots, then you’ll see the value of learning roots. 

Roots of Greek Origin

Greek Root Meaning Example
Psych Mind Psychology (the study of the mind)
Phil Love Cinephile (movie lover)
Mega Great, large Megaphone (a large device which makes your voice louder)
Mono Single Monochromatic (having only one color)
Chron Time Chronological (organized by time of occurrence)
Bio Life Biology (the study of living things)
Theo God Theology (the study of religion)
Phone Sound Telephone (a device used to talk with other people)
Auto Self Automatic (happens on its own)
Poly Many Polyglot (person who can speak many languages)

Roots of Latin Origin

Latin Root Meaning Example
Struc Build Structure (parts or pieces built into something complex)
Vac Empty Vacuous (having an empty mind, not thinking)
Ver True Veritable (real, true, authentic)
Scrib/Scrip Write Prescription (a written note signed by a doctor which provides instructions for medicine or treatment)
Luc Light Lucid (bright, clear)
Mal Bad Malevolent (wanting to do bad or evil things)
Mar Sea Marina (a port or harbor for boats and ships)
Manu/Mani Hand Manicure (a treatment to make your hands look clean, neat and polished)
Min Small Miniscule (very small in size)
Fort Strong Fortitude (strength)
Mort Death Mortician (someone who prepares dead bodies to be buried)
Nas/Nat Birth Nascent (coming into existence, something just recently created)
Trans Across Transatlantic (something which crosses the Atlantic Ocean)
Voc/Vos Voice Vociferous (loud, someone who speaks loudly or talks a lot)
Aqua Water Aquarium (a tank of water where fish are kept as pets)
Bene Good Benevolent (wanting good things for people, generous, kind)
Omni All Omniscient (knowing everything)
Sens/Sent Feel Sentimental (emotional, attaching emotional value to things)
Terr Earth Terrarium (a container for land animals kept as pets, often containing rocks, dirt or sand)
Vid/Vis See Visible (able to be seen)

How to Use Roots to Form and Understand English Words

Now that you have a list of great roots to memorize, you’ll need a list of the most common prefixes and suffixes to go with it.

Why?

Prefixes and suffixes are two things that can be attached to roots to form words.

Suffixes can be attached at the ends of roots to change either the definition or the part of speech (noun, verb, adjective, etc.) of the word. So, suffixes can change verbs into nouns, nouns into adjectives and so on.

To create words you put a root together with either a suffix or prefix. Examples:

photo (root for light) + graph (suffix for written) = photograph (light that is written)

re (prefix for again) + flect (root for bend) = reflect (to bend again)

Now you might think these are funny ways to define the words “photograph” and “reflect.” This is because using Latin to define words means that you’re using very direct, literal translations.

However funny these translations might sound, there’s always a clue there that shows what the true meaning is in English.

The Top 10 Suffixes You’ll See with Roots

Top Greek Suffixes 

Greek Suffix Meaning
phil/phile fear, fearing
chrome color
logy study of
ism act, practice or result of
some body
meter a measurement
nomy systematized knowledge of

Top Latin Suffixes 

Latin Suffix Meaning
able is, can be
act state, quality
cidal/cide killer, a killing

The Top 10 Prefixes You’ll See with Roots

Top Greek Prefixes

Greek Prefix Meaning
amphi both, about, around
andro man, male
anti against, opposed
mono one, single, alone

Top Latin Prefixes

Latin Prefix Meaning
ad to, attached to
semi half
non not
pre before
inter between
co with, together

As you can see, learning roots, suffixes and prefixes is a quick shortcut to learn and understand words in English.

Immersing yourself in the language and seeing how it’s used by native speakers is a great way to learn vocabulary and see word roots. There are many great TV shows in English that you could watch, or you could even try a language-learning program like FluentU.

FluentU features an array of bite-sized authentic English videos, like inspiring talks and movie trailers, each with interactive subtitles that you can hover over to see more information about the words used. The subtitles will help you identify new vocabulary that you can add to your personalized flashcard decks to practice.

By immersing yourself in native media, not only will you be able to expand your vocabulary by identifying roots and common trends, but you’ll also get to see them used in context! 

The Matching Game for Practicing English Roots, Suffixes and Prefixes

As you know, practice makes perfect, and this also applies when learning roots, suffixes and prefixes.

Play this with a partner to see who can win the most points!

a. Make flashcards of the roots, suffixes and prefixes you want to memorize. You’ll also need a dictionary.

b. Mix up the flashcards into two groups, keeping suffixes and prefixes together in one group with the roots in another separate group.

c. Place the two groups in two separate piles face down in their separate groups. You’ll now have all the roots on the right side and prefixes/suffixes on the left side.

d. Pick a card from each group and turn both cards face up.

e. Form a word and write down what you think the definition should be according to the meaning of the root and the suffix or prefix you chose. Also write down whether you believe it is or isn’t a real word in the English language.

f. Once you’ve made your two guesses, look the word up in the dictionary to see if it really exists. If it does and the meaning you guessed is correct, then two points for you! If it’s not a real word, but you got the root and prefix/suffix meanings correct, then one point for you.

So there you have it, folks.

You’ve got a great guide to English word roots and how to use them!

Get out there and see how much English you understand now.


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